The Missionary Review of the World — March 1929

TONGUED EVANGELlSTS IN 'l'YPE

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Me Cutcheon·s n. ~ FIFTH AVENUE AT FORTy,NINTH Scr. DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK J&q us Ib, OIl THE BIBLICAL SEMINARY IN NEW YORK Interdenominational WILBERT W. WHITE, President SUMMER TERM June 19 — July 30, 1929 Courses for Pastors, College and Seminary Professors, Directors of Religious Education, Theological Students, Missionaries, and other Christian Leaders and Workers.

Term divided into two periods of three weeks each. For full information and schedule, address WALTER E. BACHMAN, DEAN 235 E. 49th Street, :: New York, N. Y.

(Send for full Catalogue of Seminary. Five Departments) Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THB WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD .,~ – DELAVAN L. PIIlMON, llItUt",. LET YOUR GIFT MAROH TABLE OF CONTENTS to Foreign Missions Page ~lANY TONGUED EVANGELISTS IN PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME 'l'YP~] ……………….. FronNspiece YOll can make a generous gift to foreign mis~ sions and have a needed income for yourself . ISTRATBGIC C)<]N'l'ER IN C~:NTl(AL and others from the money you give by the AMBRICA …. CLEI.A"D B. MeA"EE 165 Annuity Gift Plan A CITY CHURCH AND THE UN- CHURCHED …….. A. Z. CO"RAD 173 This plan relieves you of uncertainty and worry caused by changing-values of invested SIGNS OF PROGESS IN CHINA …. funds and assures you a fixed income of ………….. WILLIAM A. ~!ATHER 176 41% to 9% per year THE HmlE MISSION TASK TODAY .. ……… ………. . J. S. STOWEI,L 182 for the rest of your life THE AFRICAN YOU'l'H OF TOMORROW A reserve fund of over $1.500,000 guarantees • •••••••••••••••••••• MAX YEIlGAN 187 the prompt payment of annuities to you.

AE'TER JERUSALEM-IN SYRIA ….. Protect yourself against loss through •••••••••••••••• HABIB SUBHAEYAH 196 unwise investments and at the same time help send the gospel to aU the world. WORK FOR SOLDJERS IN CHILE •.•• • ………….. WILLIAM M. STRONG 197 For full -in/ormation write A REMARKABLE INVALID IN SHANG- Erne.t F. Hall. Secretary. Dept. of Annuitie. HAI ……… GEORGE T. B. DAVIS 199 BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

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live.) Foreign postage, ~O cents. Single copies, Write for catalog. 25 cent.. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY RIIlVIEW PUBLISHING COM- Dean E. W. Capen, Ph.D., Hartford. Connecticut PANY, INC. All rights reserved. HARTFORD THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. Seminary Foundation RoBJlRT E. SPUR, Pre8ident w. Douglas Mackenzie, D.D., President WILLIAH I. CHAMBIlRLAIN, Vice-Pre.ldent DIlLAVAN L. PIEBSON, 8ecretarv WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Publication Omce, 3d & Reily St., Harrisburg, P". 250 a copy. $2.50 a Year. EdItorial and Business Office, 156 Fltth Avenu~, New York City. lilntered a. second-class matter at the Post Omce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Aet of Marcil 3, 1871.

Please mention THID MIS8IONAlty REVIEW OJ' THE WORLD In writing to advertisers. OBITUARY MRS. JAMES STEWART, the widow of Three Missionary Leaders the famous Dr. Stewart of Lovedale, South Africa, died in East London on October 31st, and her body was laid to rest beside her husband on the crest of "Sandile's Kop," which overlooks Lovedale Institute. Mrs. Stewart, the daugh- A History of Christian ter of Alexander Stephens, went from Missions in China England to South Africa in 1867 as a young bride of eighteen. By Kenneth S. Latourette, Yale University * ** After bringing out the points of agreement REV. HENRY A. BILKERT, for ten years and difference between the religions of China a missionary of the Reformed Church and Christianity a full and comprehensive in America, and stationed at Basrah, history is given for the first time in any lanwas shot from ambush and killed by guage of :.Jestorian, of Roman Catholic, Wahabi raiders on January 21st while driving along the desert frontier between Protestant, and Russian Orthodox Christian Irak and the Nedj in company with missions in China, continuing down to the Hori. Charles R. Crane, former Ameri- year 1927. This work is based upon an ex- can Minister to China. Mr. Bilkert was tensive examination of the sources referred born in Kalamazoo, Michigan, on June to in hundreds of footnotes and an ample 24, 1892, and after his graduation from bibliography. It will long be the standard, Hope College and Western Theological indispensable book in its field for all those Seminary went to Arabia as a mission- actively engaged in foreign missions. Oc- ary. He leaves a wife and four young tavo, 900 pages. Price $5.00 children. *** The Pilgrimage of Buddhism MRS. MARGARET M. WATSON, the widow By James B. Pratt – Author of "'The Religious Consciousneu." etc. of the late Dr. Andrew Watson, died in This is the first time that a detailed and syn- Cairo, Egypt, on January 11th at the thetic view of Buddhism as a whole, ancient age of ninety-five, twelve years after and modern, Southern and Northern, has been accomplished. A keen student of the her husband. She was born near St. psychology 0 f religion, the author has in his George, New Brunswick, Canada, on Au- travels throughout Buddhist lands gathered a vast amount of fascinating material which gust 23, 1833, and in 1861 went with he here interweaves with historical fact and interpretation to present ,n exhaustive reher husband to Egypt as missionaries of view of Buddhism as it has been practiced through the centuries and as it is lived tothe United Presbyterian Church. There day. they shared in fruitful missionary serv- "We have had a number of books on Bud- dhism, but not one tbat can equal this either ice and her quiet Christian influence of in literarY charm or in exact information." sixty-seven years still bears fruit. One -The ~Vitl1ess. Octavo, 800 pages.. Price, of her sons, Dr. Charles R. Watson, is $3.00.

7resident of the American University at Cairo.

*** MRS, GEORGE GRENFELL, the widow of the great Baptist missionary and ex- plorer, who went out from England to Africa in 1874, died recently in Jamacia, The Gospel for Asia West Indies. Few explorers in any part By Kenneth Saunders of the world have made such extensive This is a comparative study of three reliand valuable contributions to geograph- gious masterpieces-the Bhagavad-gita, the Scriptures of India; the Lotus Scriptures 0 f ical knowledge as did Dr. Grenfell. Japan; and the Fourth Gospel. It is a m:s- sionary book inasmuch as it offers the He married in 1879 Miss Rose Pa- Fourth Gospel to the Oriental world as that particular expression of the central Christience Edgerley, a member of that Afri- tian truth in terms which will appeal most to it. can race to whose welfare he devoted his life. His African bride proved to be "It is in the form and temper of the best apologetic of the times. It should be read a true helpmeet. Mrs. Grenfell's family and pondered by all for whom it is intended –moulders of religious thought and life."- had long resided in the West Indies, Jlltrl'1lotiolioi Re'"il'"w of Afissi01is. Price $2.50 but had returned under one of the early colonization schemes in connection with the liberation of the slaves to live in their native land, in mission colonies of negroes and Mullatoes formed on the Cameroon coast and on the Island of Fernando, Po.

For twenty-eight years Mrs. Gren- fell worked side by side with her hus- THE MACMILLAN COMPANY band and after his death in 1907 she 60 Fifth Avenue New York s~ttled in the West of England for a tIme, but subsequently went to Jamaica with her family.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIli:W OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. Her(~ are twenty-five missionaries, speaking twenty-three languages, selected and sent out by Mrs. Finley J, Sbepard of New York, through the mans and distributed pel"Sonal1y with the help of the American Tract Society and Christian workers in many Jands. The languages include–as numbered above-(l) Ruthenian, (2) Modern Russian, (3) Engllsh, (4) Arabic, (5) Armenian, (6) Armeno -Turkish, (7) French, (9) Bohemian, (10) Yiddish, (11) Swedish, (12) Portuguese, (14) Norwegian, (15) Poll"h, (16) Dutch, (17) Chinese, (19) Japanese, (20) Russian, (21) Hungarian, (22) Italian, (24) Latvian, (25) German. Others are in modern Greek, Spanish, and several Indian languages.

LII, No. 3 March,1929

THE MISSIONARY %eWO..,,-~ A STRATEGIC CENTER IN CENTRAL AMERICA BY REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D.D.,* Chicago, Illinois N OTHING can lessen our in- lations with organized religious in- terest in the experiment in fluence, so that evangelical work democracy now being tried is heavily handicapped. Christian- in China and, in other large areas, ity is never carried on well in but our interest should be retained cramped and restricted territory; in the complicated problems of Lat- it requires for its best expression in America where democracy is an interchange of leadership and being tried on smaller measur'e· relationships. Saying that only na- ments but with much energy. tionals of a given country can be South of the Rio Grande are six- it,s exponents may be a natural re- teen independent republics and five ply to ultra-foreign administration, dependencies, not reckoning the as it certainly is a reaction against island areas of the West Indies and ultra-foreign religious leadership, the Caribbean Sea. The three but it is contrary to the genius of Guianas (British, French, Dutch) religion as it would be to the genius in South America and British Hon- of art or science. To require that duras and Panama in Central no one can paint or sing or teach America are the dependencies, all science unless he is a citizen of a of them operating with a high de- given land would be held absurd, gree of independence. All the rest unless there had been adverse con- of this vast area is occupied by ditions which permitted it for a nations which maintain their in- brief period, and then it would be dependence and have done so for recognized as an admission of a many years. weakness soon to be overcome. Re- The republic of Mexico, with a stricting public religious ministries population of 15,500,000, is having to native Mexicans is a confession its notoriously difficult experiences of weakness, which the govern- in making adjustment to modern ment will soon surpass, and all ob- conditions and is reacting severely servers ought to be patient with from centuries of unfortunate re- it in view of the adverse experi- ences which have led to it.

• Dr, and ~fT-s, McMee aIHI Mr. aIH1 :IiI'S, Next south of Mexico come the "Talter Mcilougall buYe recently returned from five republics that make up Cenau interesting trip to Guatemala, as a deputu- tral America, running down to the ~~O~l t~~:Y~~:ia~OC:ur~fhl Fu~ei~: i~~~;;l~O~~ 165

Panama Canal. Below that, of the next level, nearly 5,000 feet course, are the ten republics cov- high. On most reaches of this level ering the area of South America, are rich coffee tincas, with various Brazil much the largest, with an woods also available. Above this area larger than the United States is stilI another level, running as of America. These ten republics high as 13,000 feet, the height of have a total population of at least the highest volcano-mountain. The 50,000,000. The Central American second city of the republic, Quezal- republics have 5,500,000 people, tenango, is nearly 8,000 feet above which bring the entire Latin Amer- sea level. Wheat, maize and coffee ican population on the main land grow on this level at many points.

to 71,000,000. A striking physical phenomenon is It should be familiar to all that observable not far from this sec- the southern part of the hemi- ond city-a mountain that is grow- sphere swings to the eastward so ing at the rate of 500 feet a year far that a line drawn from the and that is now about 3,000 feet United States straight sou t h high. Residents recall it when it misses South America entirely. appeared as a mere knotty bulge The hinge on which the hemisphere in the middle of a crater and have turns is the 'Central American re- seen it gradually rise, thrusting public of Guatemala. This is so up from the crater material which accurately true that a line drawn steadily falls from its summit and south from Chicago runs through is forming the sides of a mountain the capital of that republic, Guate- of much the same shape as those mala City, and almost immediately surrounding it. Most of it is still after passing it runs into the Pa- too warm because of its relation cific Ocean, all the territory south to the crater through which it of that point lying east of the line. comes to permit vegetation, but it This small land has other strategic is easy, to foresee the disintegra- points. In the days of a Central tion of its surface and the appear- American Federation it was the ance of verdure there. One stands capital of the Federation. Nicarau- at the door of the attractive evan- gua is slightly larger in area but gelical chapel at Palmar and ac- Guatemala is much larger in pop- cepts the growing mountain as a ulation and its location, running symbol of what is occurring over through from ocean to ocean, gives the entire land in the growth of it increased possibilities of influ- the evangelical movement. Mighty, ence. A good railroad crosses the upheaving forces are obviously at country with excellent terminals work to produce both phenomena.

on both coasts. Other railroads, The Religious Situation and even more automobile roads, are being built in its various sec- The religious situation in Guate- tions. mala is equally interesting. Like A Three·Storied Country all the Latin American republics it has been for centuries under Ro- Guatemala is physically interest- man Catholic influence, rising at ing. It is a three-storied country. times to dominance. Through all Part of it lies on the sea level and the centuries there has been a Ro- is rich in banana and other tropi- man Catholic opportunity at least, cal growth. The capital city is on and the actual condition of masses

A STRATEGIC CENTER IN CENTRAL AMERICA

of the people is a fact with which Church owned from one half to that church has to reckon. The three fourths of the area of the Minister of Education of the gov- country and this land was exernment says that the illiteracy is empted from taxation because denow 93 per cent arid this figure is voted to religion, though much of confirmed by the rector of the uni- it was income-producing. This put versity in the capitol. The living an impossible tax burden on the conditions of multitudes of people, rest of the land. The government the condition of many women, the held that it had been given by citiprevalence of concubinage, and zens directly or indirectly and it this depressing illiteracy are in- was all taken over as public propdictments of any organization that erty. All that was really used for has had a chance to change the so- religious purposes was continued DR. McAFEE AND AN EVANGELICAL CONGREGATION IN GUATEMALA These Christians are building their own church, which is ollIy pArtly completed.

cial order and has failed to do so. in that service under direction of Like all the Latin American re- the Church, while much of the republics, Guatemala has taken dras- mainder has been returned to taxtic courses against the control of able ownership, through grants or its life from without, even in the purchases. This makes a complimatter of religion, though it has cation for any religious agency, taken no such steps as those in for it cannot hold property direct- Mexico. One of the most drastic ly for this purpose. Various recrestrictions is the one which pro- ognized devices are used to make vides that no corporation, except religious work possible and these the government, can hold property devices have the full understandfor religious purposes. At the time ing of the government, whose ofof the revolution under the great ficials explain frankly that the patriot Barrios it was found that limitation is aimed at a condition under one device and another the which had become unsupportable.

Whether the immediate tendency and those who feel the pressure of is toward the stricter Mexican lim- the omnipresent materialism. The itations or back to normal and increase of wealth among the com- modern attitudes is not yet clear. paratively few has don e in A number of nationals counted the Guatemala what it does anywhere Mexican laws so unnecessary as to -it makes the restrictions of re- be impossible in Guatemala; other ligion irksome. This is a consid- observers were not so sure that erable group, if one niay judge by this is universal opinion. the talk and manner of people.

Four groups are discoverable in A third group consists of serious Guatemala with reference to reli- minded people who are deeply disgion. One group frankly accept satisfied with the Roman Church. and follow the Roman Church, con- Some of them hold on to it for tinuing its practices and support- lack of anything they can see that ing its methods. A new archbishop is better; some of them have abanwas consecrated in the cathedral doned the Church, but without rein Guatemala City recently and the nouncing religion or becoming exercises were carried through indifferent to religion. A . good with much pomp and ceremony. many converts in the evangelical It is impossible to estimate how churches witness to this group, large is this group of loyal Roman- which is of rather large dimenists. Their churches do not seem sions. largely attended, though occasional churches in the larger places One Million Indians may be exceptions. In most of the villages through which one passes A fourth group is very 'large, the church buildings appear run consisting of the unreached Indian down and unused, though many of population, many of them pagan them announce the occasions when in the historical sense. The Ina visiting priest will hear confes- dians of Guatemala are of the same sions and say masses. Inquiry- strain in general as those found shows that many of the religious in all the Latin American republics, observances are followed quite ig- totalling between ten and fifteen norantly, no one being quite sure millions. In Guatemala they conwhat they are all about. Bells are stitute more than half the popula- tion, which means that there are to be rung, processions to be over one million Indians in the formed and genuflections to be country. (The official population made, but just why is not so clear. figure for Guatemala is 2,119,000.) The naive intertwining of rem- These Indians are of the Maya nants of paganism with the newly stock and retain traditions which received Romanism is evident in connect them with this civilization.

remoter regions, as in most uncul- The government intends to Latin- tured sections of the world. ize them as rapidly as possible The second group consists of through education in the Spanish those who have frankly abandoned language, but this process goes on the Church, most of them having very slowly for lack of teachers adopted nothing at all instead. and funds and there are large These include patriots, who have areas where the Indian languages come to feel that the organization are the only ones of intimate per- is dangerous to national liberty, sonal intercourse. The three larg-

A STRATEGIC CENTER IN CENTRAL AMERICA

MEMBERS OF THE GUATEMALA MISSION AND THEIR FAMILIES est tribal groups, Cachiquels, laws which result in a form of pe- Quiches and Mams, are :unlike onage, that several slight efforts enough in speech to make common have been made to colonize evanconversation among them imprac- gelical believers in places where ticable. Their languages when re- they can acquire land and exercise duced to writing do not look nor their newly formed ambitions, but sound alike. The current tongue the results are numerically small of the land is Spanish, though it and the believers for the most part is not understood by all the Indians live among their friends of other nor .used in intimate dealings. The connections. Sometimes this is Roman Church leaders have not charged with difficulty because of taken these languages seriously local intolerance and oppression, enough to provide religious in- but even then it is apt to turn to struction in them and of course good because of the testimony that maintain their services in the Lat- is borne by their lives. When a in, which is not understood even former medicine-man or witch-docby the ordinary Spanish speaking tor, addicted like his friends to worshipers. This has produced a drink, turns from all such praccurious blend of paganism and Ro- tices and is freed from all drinkmanism in some sections and has ing, his f r i end s cannot be left other sections entirely pagan. indifferent to the change. Even a Interwoven with these four pop- casual visitor to one village was ulation groups is the relatively asked to explain the "medicine" small evangelical body, numbering which one such man had found only a few thousands, but drawn which made him able to withstand from all the other groups and the old temptations and put aside closely related personaliy to them. the old lucrative but fraudulent The industrial system of the coun- practices. That he had found J etry is so unusual, with large hold- sus Christ was his own explanation ings in a few hands and with debt but it was mystifying to his poorly

trained Roman-pagan friend. This a national leadership of a high or- believer's life had been attempted der adequate for the later move- several times but he was himself ments of the church. There are a challenging reality to his com- many earnest and dedicated pre- munity. Their wide distribution dicatores and simple hearted work- results in the building of little ers, but no Paul has yet ap- chapels in many villages according peared to take his place among the to the practice of the country leaders of the land, trained as their which permits the erection of an equals but aflame with the zeal of edifice as far as funds are avail- the Gospel. In so small a land a able, allowing it to wait at any regular theological seminary may stage until more money can be not develop, but Bible institutes found. Chapels are in use, there- already in existence should be de- fore, without walls, windows, seats, veloped and exceptional men may desk-merely used with whatever be sent to seminaries in Mexico or is there to use. Few of them have elsewhere around the Caribbean any money in them from outside area. This is to be one of the maj or the congregation and it may be topics for the Havana Conference some years before they are really in June, 1929, and all friends of finished. Meanwhile, the worship- Guatemala will be concerned to ing group bear their testimony and have it satisfactorily decided.

continue their expansion. The lines of evangelical mis- The Protestant Missions sionary work are much the same as those in other lands. Evangel- The few Protestant missionary istic witnessing is central here as bodies in Guatemala for the most elsewhere and in all the ways fa- part represent the smaller evan- miliar elsewhere. Nothing takes gelical units of America-the Naz- the place of the traveling preacher arenes, Seventh Day Adventists, and colporter, of tracts and pic- Primitive Methodists and Friends, tures, Scripture portions and Bible in addition to the Central Ameri- classes. All periodicals published can Mission and the Presbyterian in the country are carried free in Church in the U. S. A. The Cen- the mails and several evangelical tral American Mission is an un- papers are issued by various denominational age n c y, wit h groups. The illiteracy of the peo- headquarters in Dallas, Texas, op- ple naturally restricts such meth- erating on the "faith basis." The ods. This same illiteracy puts Presbyterian work is in and around educational work at a premium the capital and Quezaltenango, and several agencies have estab- with about 150 preaching points lished schools of various grades.

regularly occupied. There is a fair- The Presbyterians have two schools ly recognized allotment of terri- for girls and one small industrial tory, though this has never been school for boys. The girls' school made formal, and the working re- at QuezaItenango has been ex- lations among the missionaries and panded until it is a fully recognized evangelical nationals are generally normal teachers' college and lacks satisfactory. only one year of giving the B. A.

The weakest place in the evan- degree. Other agencies have gelical program seems to be in the schools and many of the evangeli- lack of well-laid plans for training cal chapels have local primary

A STRATEGIC CENTER IN CENTRAL AMERICA

schools supported by the people principal part of the population with occasional small subsidies and of the territory is dangerously from mission funds. remote from medical attention. The prevailing disease is malaria The close relation between reli- and the Rockefeller Foundation is gion and the physical life in pa- cooperating with the government g ani s m, represented by the in a systematic attack upon it. The "medicine-man" as the adviser of Presbyterians have acquired a site his followers in all matters, makes which will be used in part for a medical work almost imperative. tuberculosis sanitarium or rest Indians are accustomed to physical house in a non-malarial locality. guidance from their religious leaders. Missionaries who are recog- Considerable divergence exists nized as the new religious leaders in the form of organization of the OUTSIDE 'I' HE A)1ERICAN PRESBYTERIAN )USSION HOSPITAL IN GUATEMALA CITY are constantly being looked to for native church, partly owing to the guidance in sickness and distress. inherent independence of the An excellent hospital is maintained groups which have been formed. by the Presbyterians in Guatemala A very interesting type is that of City, with an extension service at the entirely independent "Presby- Quezaltenango and with a wider tery of Western Guatemala," ambulance service in prospect. around Quezaitenango. It consistf; There are many Guatemalan phy- of two ordained native ministers, sicians, but 85 per cent of them three ordained missionaries, and are located in the two principal one representative from each of cities where less than ten per cent the twelve organized "consistoof the people live. The United rios." A consistorio is made up of Fruit Company maintains much all the elders, deacons and deaconexcellent medical service in which esses of a given territory, selected native employees share. But the from any "preaching points" in

that territory and meeting at least were recently ordained there by monthly for conference. This con- the Presbyterian Mission. These 8i8torio is responsible for all the two Presbyteries would readily preaching points of its territory constitute a Synod and can invite and the "predicators" work under the representatives of all the other its direction until they become or- Mission groups to unite with them dained ministers when they pass in a national evangelical body. It under the guidance directly of the is a long step toward an indige- Presbytery. Whenever a preaching nous church in Guatemala. Its weakness lies in its lack of well point develops elders and other trained native leadership. One of officers of sufficient number and the most aggressive and well orcharacter to become independent, ganized native churches in mission it is made the center of another lands is the Central Church of con8i8torio and given responsibil- Guatemala City, whose pastor is a ity for its territory. It is a modi- mIssIOnary but whose Sunday fication of the familiar "parish sys- School superintendent, teachers tem" to which the Roman Church and officers, are virtually all nahas accustomed the people. Each tives of the land. It is doubtful consistorio sends one elder to the if there is a Guatemalan minister Presbytery and this body has large of any evangelical group who could be wisely placed in charge of its powers. Its evangelistic committee pulpit at this time and be expected has the assignment of evangelistic to make from it the appeal which funds made available by the Pres- the church should make to the men byterian Board for its Mission and of light and leading who constitute the cooperation between the Mis- the leadership of the country. sion and the Presbytery is neces- Such men will emerge as the years sarily very close and constant. The go along and at any time the Spirit system itself is worth the study of of God may select a man on a Daother lands. The existing Presby- mascus road around whom the tery framed its own creed, its own growing forces of Guatemala can rules of order, its own system of rally in their movement toward the work. It is hoped that another Kingdom of God in their beautiful Presbytery will be erected imme- land. diately around the capitol, centering about five native ministers who NUGGETS FROM AN AMERICAN BOARD MEETING "Mohammedans are so proud of their religion that they forget their race; Christians so proud of race they forget religion."- Dr. Frank Laubach of the PhiUppine8.

"The finest things in Gandhi's character are those first preached by Jesus Christ."-Dr. E. Stanley Jone8 ()f India.

"The Christian Church today faces decay, due to inertia. It needs new life."-Mahatma Gandhi, quoted by Dr. JOlles.

"It's always easier to get money for stomachs than for brains; for famines than for faculties."-Miss I.sabelle MacCausland of Japan.

'rI-I1D LI'l'TLFl C H UIlC I-I ON W HFl ~; LS-~'O R OU1'DOOR EVANGE

A CITY CHURCH AND THE UNCHURCHED BY REV. A. Z. CONRAD, Boston, Massachusetts P as t or 0/ t h. e PaT!.; ti tree t Gongreguti01wl Ch rtr cli.

I NCREASING thousands never starts something. Even death step inside of a church. If they yields to LIFE. are ever to be saved from their How shall we go about it. Let sins some one must establish a con- me mention a few of the effective tact with them, to bring them into ways other than the ordinary contact with Christ. Until they church activities.

hear the Gospel there is no hope. First, there is the "Win One Worldly attactions multiply. Defi- More" method which enlists the nite opposition becomes aggressive. entire church membership in evan- Pronounced atheism is one of the gelistic work. No church can be- least of our h'oubles for the mass come a soul-winning church with- of humanity will not be turned out a soul-winning leader. The aside from some sort of a faith in first essential in r eaching the un- God by the blatant utterances of churched is to know they are lost atheists. until they are saved.

Our trouble is with the negative Every member of the church attitude of millions. They simply should be made to feel that the one do not care. Inertia is hard to great vocation of every saved man, overcome, but it can be overcome. woman and child is to save some A genuine Christian, in contact one else by a simple testimony and with apparently hopeless unbelief, a ppeal.

173

That is churchwide evangelism. In Boston some seven years ago It can be effectively worked. Not we built a church on wheels with every member of the church will all the features of a church build- undertake the task but many will. ing-with a steeple and church The opportunity to witness for windows, and with a radio receiv- Christ is far greater than people ing set so that notable evangelistic know until they try it. In store, preaching can be heard by the shop, factory, everywhere there is crowd. We put that little church a chance to tell the "Blessed on the chassis of an automobile, so Story." that it runs to different sections of The second method is STREET the city. It carries an organ, sing- EVANGELISM. Here is one of the ers freely give their services and most effective lines of Christian Christ is proclaimed from its plat- activity. It is most encouraging to form. It is called "The Little note the readiness with which peo- Church on Wheels." Ministers and ple will gather to hear a real live laymen, who are known as soul- witness for Jesus Christ tell the winners, tell the simple story of "Old, Old Story." In most cities Salvation from night to night. It permission can be secured to tell is supported by a group of evan- the glad tidings in the open air. gelical churches. Tracts are freely Not everyone is adapted to this distributed by the workers. No sort of work. It takes a special one can measure the results of this type of man, one who is clear work. Always people are saved.

headed, sympathetic and who The Park Street Church has also knows his Bible, to do street work organized Missions that are doing well. a wonderful work among the for- Here we can utilize the abilities eign born in Boston. Social service of laymen. When the heart is filled work for immigrants is good with Divine Love and the individ- enough of its kind but it is no sub- ual is dead in earnest, he can al- stitute for Christian evangelism.

ways gain a hearing. The street Settlement work does little good pulpit could be made to reach more compared with the heart appeal to people than the churches if laymen "COME TO JESUS." Soap and sun- and ministers realized the power shine are good but they never yet there is in the wonderful message changed a heart. The change of of God's love. Most people unsaved direction from down to up is not are not satisfied with themselves. wrought by a better parish house.

They know that something is Definite evangelistic mISSIOn wrong. Always there are those work does bring people to God.

sick of their own sinning. There The day of MISSIONS has not gone.

are others who suffer from be- The need is very great right now.

reavements and who want to know The "slum" has passed where the more about the futUre life. A mil- beneficent influence of prohibition lion people a year could be saved has been felt but there are still if street preaching were done by godless localities that breed all gifted speakers among the laymen sorts of iniquity. Definite mission of all the churches. We will have work in these centers will do a vast to take up this work or the slump deal of good that street preaching in religious interest will become alone can not do. It affords a ral- more and more acute. lying center for seekers after God.

A CITY CHURCH AND THE UNCHURCHED

Another means of reaching the self or herself and fall down in unchurched is the radio. Whatever contrition and confession with the may be the disadvantages. the fact cry "God be merciful to me a sinis hundreds of people, yes tens of ner." We have regularly broadthousands. have become interested cast our Sunday evening church in the salvation of their own souls service for five years, and letters through the message sent out on by the hundreds show that the the air. We have known many persons applying for church member- WORD of God has borne fruit. In any way and every way let us ship who had been converted by the radio proclamation of Redemp- go after the lost sheep. The masses tion. The church should be more do not go to church. If they are eager and alert to utilize this latest to be saved it will be because we method of reaching a large audi- go to them in love and lead them ence. A man or woman listening to the light as it is in Christ. We alone to the message of GRACE DI- must have greater faith in our VINE may come to grips with him- Lord's words "I. if I be lifted up will draw all men unto me."

PRACTICAL WORK FOR FOREIGNERS Lawrence, Massachusetts, has a very When children told their parents large foreign-speaking population, a that literature could be had in their large number of whom are anxious to own language, assistance was relearn English as quickly as possible. quired to distribute it wisely. Literature in their native tongues is largely of the character that prejudices Here is a great opportunity for efthem against American institutions, fectual service. It is an opportunity and against the Church of Christ, for direct personal contact with the which they think is a conspiracy to people who cannot understand English, promote capitalism. The better ele- but who are eager to read the mesment among these foreign immigrants sage in their tongue! seeks a higher grade of literature, but it is not always available. In the meantime, Mr. William A. Rich, a Christian salesman of the In 1922, the American Tract So- Nitrose Company, is continuing alone ciety and the Massachusetts Bible So- to pass the word of truth along, going ciety made generous grants of Gospel to clubrooms, coffee houses, the County literature in several languages. The jail, hospitals, city homes and elseresponse from some of the foreigners where, teaching children, speaking was such that the demand increased briefly to groups who have learned until now Gospel messages are dis- some English and distributing literatributed in eighteen tongues. ture to others.

Most of the children do not learn Several related activities have also to read their mother tongue, so that been li'ndertaken, such as taking men left-over Sunday-school literature is to Americanization classes, aiding used for them. A generous quantity them to procure accident compensahas come from five denominational tion, aiding in matters of health, churches in the city where the needy family and business problems. Mr. ones reside. These papers have been Rich gives his services freely, and rescued from furnace fires for a better those helped are saved many dollars purpose. in professional fees and are very ap- preciative of what is done for them.

OF PROGRESS IN

BY REV. WILLIAM ARNOT MATHER, Paotingfu, China T HE friends of China who to Russia, the one nation which hailed the Revolution of 1911 seemed to promise China fair play as the attainment of a true and treatment as an equal? He republic have had long and anxious died without realizing how this years of cumulative disillusion- new ally and advisor was using ment, when the losses loomed China as a pawn in her own game larger than the gains. Some of furthering world-wide revolu- thoughtful Chinese had even prac- tion. Already at the opening of tically given up hope for their 1927 Chiang Kai-shek began to de- country and were beginning to tect the secret designs of the Rus- wonder whether dismemberment sian advisers in the government among the Powers would be an un- and to take measures to thwart mixed evil. The events of the last them. But it took the Nanking two years especially have given the outrage of March, the raid on the pessimists still further grounds for Russian Embassy in April, and the discouragement. Yet these very Red Revolt in Canton in December, events, viewed in the perspective to convince the Nationalists as a of the whole revolutionary struggle whole that communism must be up to date, afford more ground for cast out.

hope than even the spectacular It was far easier for China to transformation of 1911-12. enlist the help of these treacherous The failures of China's patriots allies than it has been for her to hitherto cannot all be laid either to extricate herself from the conse- quences of their perfidy. Comtheir impracticable idealism or to munism is lurking in every part of their internal feuds. Much must China, and the burden of milibe charged to the perfidy of those tarism still makes millions groan. in whom they put their trust. Yet the improvement in less than First it was Yuan Shih-k'ai who two years is remarkable, to say the failed – the "strong man" who least. seemed necessary as president to bring the original revolution to Political Unity fruition. That astute politician Of the manifold progress being sacrificed every patriotic ideal to made, perhaps the most striking is further his own interests, and sad· in the political realm. Two years died the nation with a burden of ago only a few provinces in the militarism which has been its curse south and center of the country ever since. Again, the Allies failed, were controlled by the National- when, after China had given of her ists. Later most of the Yangtse man power and her influence to valley was added, and by June, further their cause, they at the 1928, practically the whole country Versailles Conference rebuffed the was united under the new National very aspirations which they had flag, with the exception of the encouraged. Is it great wonder province of Manchuria. On De- that Sun Yat-sen in despair turned cember 29th, last year, however, 176 the new flag was flying there also, meeting has now been postponed and while Chang Hsueh-liang, the until March 15th. It is looked foryoung governor, may be in a num- ward to with some apprehension, ber of matters more conservative because some of the more radical than the men in Nanking, and will elements in the party hope then to probably not follow their policy in obtain sufficient power to turn the everything, yet his union with the present moderate leaders out of central government appears to be office. Under the Central Execusincere. Japan twice ordered him tive Committee is the Supervisory not to join the Nationalists, but Council, the chairman of which is has had to submit to the inevitable. Chiang Kai-shek, who is ex officio Chinese emigrants from Shantung President of the Government of and other provinces are pouring China. Under this Council are the into Manchuria by the million five Yuan, or branches of governyearly, and Japan is losing the ment. Three of these correspond hope of making it another Korea. to those in the American govern- This all bodes well for the strength ment, Executive, Legislative and and unity of the country. Judicial. Two are adaptations of ancient Chinese practice, the Su- So far as appears on the surface, pervisory Yuan, for impeachment a remarkable unification of aim of unworthy officials, and the Exalso has been brought about during amination Yuan, for conducting the last two years. The commu- civil service examinations of all nists have been suppressed. The aspirants for public office. There militarists apparently have sub- are also ten ministers correspondmitted themselves to the civil au- ing to the cabinet officers in the thority. They are ceasing to com- United States, though with posmandeer railway rolling stock, and sibly more authority. The governhave promised to keep their hands ment frankly states that it is not off railway earnings. Military representative at present, though commanders are to have no juris- its ultimate aim is a thoroughly diction over the districts in which democratic one; but that this their troops are quartered, and the scheme has been devised for the army is to be reduced to 600,000 present "period of tutelage" until men. How far this has been al- illiteracy has been overcome and ready accomplished, it' is difficult the people have been taught the to say. But beginnings of dis- principles of representative govbandment have been reported for ernment. some time. Christians in the Cabinet Like Russia and Italy, China is now under one-party government, The leading men in this governthat of the Kuomintang, or Peo- ment are not only moderate in ple's Party. No other party is per- their political views, but are many mitted. The ultimate authority of of them returned students and exthis party is supposed to rest in ceptionally well qualified for the the National Assembly, a body work they have undertaken. Wang partly appointed by the Central Chung-huei, Chairman of the Ju- Executive Committee, and partly dicial Yuan, is the leading jurist in elected by local Kuomintang coun- the country, and T. V. Soong, Mincils. This body was scheduled to ister of Finance, is remarkably meet on January first, but the 2

well suited to his position. The cluded with the United States, Minister for Foreign Affairs, C. and eleven other nations, includ- T. Wang, though criticized by the ing Japan, which have ipso facto radical element in his own country, recognized the new government.

has made a remarkable record of Five of these nations, Belgium, diplomatic achievement in a short Italy, Denmark, Portugal, and time, and the Vice-chairman of the Spain have also agreed, under cer- Executive YUan and Minister for tain reasonable conditions, to Military Affairs, Feng Yti-hsiang, renounce extraterritoriality on though self-taught, has by the January 1, 1930. The more radical sheer force of his personality risen elements of the Kuomintang have to one of the highest positions in always insisted that such equality the government. What is more of status could be achieved by astonishing, these men and two China only through force and by other cabinet ministers, HsUeh Tu- unilateral denunciation of former pi and H. H. K'ung, the latter a treaties. But this record of treaties lineal descendent of Confucius, are already signed has proved that the all Christians, some of the second Powers have enough confidence in or third generation. Altogether, the stability and friendliness of in the government offices of Nan- the present government to yield without pressure what the radicals king, there are some three hundred believed could only be wrested by Christians, and a prayer meeting force. It is to be hoped that the for their beloved country and for United States and Great Britain wisdom in ruling it, is. held reg- will speedily follow suit in promularly. Marshall Feng has been ising to yield extraterritoriality, cruelly slandered and misrepre- so that the hands of the present sented by some foreign newspapers government may be thus strengthin China and has been much dis- ened against the radicals, and appointed in some of the Christian China may be assured that our chaplains which he got from mis- protestations of friendship are sion institutions for his army. genuine. This and his visit to Russia have undoubtedly cooled his "first love." Social Progress Yet not long ago, he and fifteen of Along the lines of social prog- his generals, spent two days in a ress the new government has had mission compound as guests of old little time to function as yet.

missionary friends there, showing Nevertheless, there has been ad- every mark of appreciation of vance. Contrary to the ideas of Christian love and sympathy. The many in the West, the custom of personal religious life of one who foot-binding continues in at least rises daily at five for Bible study the rural districts of the greater and prayer can hardly be consid- part of China. Against this prac- ered dead. tice the new government has or- International Relations ganized wide-spread propaganda and will undoutebdly bring other One of the most convincing pressure to bear. General Chang proofs of progress by the present Chih-chiang, Marshal Feng's for- government is in the field of in- mer chief of staff, a Christian of ternational relations. Treaties of unusual zeal and consecration, has tariff reciprocity have been con- been appointed chairman of the

SIGNS OF PROGRESS IN CHINA

Opium Suppression Bur e au, education has been going from bad though for some unexplained reas- to worse. The military chest must on, the Bureau very badly misman- always be kept full, and education- aged the Kiangan opium smuggling al grants were usually the first to case, and Chang Chih-chiang has suffer. Lack of funds hampers the tendered his resignation. It is to present government also, as the re- be hoped that what China almost duction of the military establish- accomplished many years ago may ment is hardly appreciable as yet.

be brought to full completion in the However, a system of mass edu- near future. Efforts are also be- cation promoted by James Yen, ing made in some quarters to limit Mrs. Hsiung Hsi-ling, and others, the consumption of liquor and to- has seized the imagination of the bacco, especially that of foreign country, and has been carried on importation, but it is too early to by volunteer teachers in number- prophesy about these plans. .less places. A phonetic script of According to Wang Chung-huei, forty letters, based upon Chinese the government's purpose is ulti- idiograms, has been quite widely mately to extend the franchise to used for a number of years, espe- every adult member of the popula- cially by Christians. But this is tion without regard to sex. A very now to be replaced by an alphabet recent judicial decision, which is of Roman letters devised by T'sai viewed as an important precedent, Yuan-p'ei, Chairman of the Super- has granted to the daughter of a visory Yuan, and others, which deceased millionaire a share equal will gain much greater currency if to that which her brother receives. it is properly pushed by the gov- Already women are taking office ernment. The great objective is to in the government. Among the reduce to negligible proportions members of the Legislative Yuan the illiteracy which handicaps are a Miss Cheng and the Presi- eighty per cent of the men and dent's wife, Mrs. Chiang, a gradu- boys and far more than ninety per ate of Wellesley and a Christian cent of the women and girls. The woman of rare charm. government has in contemplation For some time past Christian a complete system of compulsory organizations, notably the National education, with the necessary com- Christian Council, have been agi- plement of schools of higher grade.

tating for better conditions among Meanwhile the government real- the industrial population. As an izes the advantages of the Chris- answer to this, a new factory law tian educational institutions on the has been drafted and will probably ground. There is still a certain soon be put into effect. This pro- amount of agitation which would vides for reasonable conditions of seek to suppress them entirely as dismissal, the eight hour day, rest a denationalizing agency. The and recreation, a minimum wage present government, however, sees scale, distribution of profits, sani- their value, and only desires that tary and safety devices, and the they should register with the Min- humane treatment of apprentices. istry of Education. The educa- Education and Christianity tional authorities claim that the restrictions imposed by the latest During the internecine strife of rules for registration are not prej- the last few years, government udicial to the Christian character

and purpose of the schools, but are news to those who have not yet designed to preserve and standard- heard a whisper of it. ize the Chinese racial type and ideals. If this claim proves to be The last two years have witwell founded, there is no reason nessed the first actual functioning why Christian schools may not be of the Church of Christ in China. continued under the present re- Complete church union is still far gime. from being realized in China, though mission comity is so gen- Of the progress of the Christian erally observed that comparative- Church in China during the last ly few Chinese Christians are troubled by denominational rivaltwo years there can be no doubt. ry. But this is the first construc- To be sure, there has been whole- tive effort on a large scale to sale destruction of property by realize the ideal which almost all Christians cherish. soldiers, and for much of this the mission boards are asking no in- There is a great striving on the part of Chinese Christians to make demnity. But in some cases this the Church indigenous. Architecmay prove a blessing in disguise, ture, music, liturgies, and creeds imported from the West, many freeing the Church from the look askance upon. This is all to domination of material problems. the good. The Church of Christ There has also been serious per- must find itself. Its roots must secution of Christians, especially strike deep into the religious conwhere Communists were in power. sciousness of the nation and adapt Several have even laid down their itself to their peculiar needs. lives for their faith. But un- China's religious heritage is of doubtedly this has purged the great value in interpreting to the Church of many unworthy mem- people in language they can underbers, and those who have proved stand their deepest religious longsteadfast have been strengthened ings and the unsearchable riches in purpose and have been led to put of Christ that alone are adequate their faith less in human agency to satisfy them. Light is still to and more in the unfailing re- break forth from God's Word in sources of the living God. Indeed, Chinese hearts and to be mediated places where the Church was by them to the Church Universal. sorely tested have even reported Missionaries are sympathetic with revivals and many accessions to such aspirations and are glad to their membership. second every effort of Chinese Christian leaders to make the Great numbers of missionaries Church more truly express their had to be evacuated. But this own genius. But of course this threw new responsibility upon the movement needs wise guidance, Chinese Christians, who have for syncretism will never build an taken up the new burdens with indigenous church, as is attested heroism, and have thus had the by the fate of the Nestorians, who most practical possible training in compromised with Buddhism. The Christian leadership. The mission- greatest hope of the indigenous aries are now returning in great church is perhaps to be found numbers, and rejoice to assist where it is least heralded and least these tested colleagues in their Christian enterprise, or else to go to regions beyond to tell the good

self-conscious, and that is in the their worship without supplying small groups springing up spon- anything better in their place. But taneously in the country, when it affords a wonderful opportuhumble Christians, exulting in the nity to turn their thoughts to Him new faith they have found in who must be worshiped in spirit longer established centers, return and in truth.. And everywhere the to their homes, gather about them people are open to the Christian neighbors and kinsmen, and volun- message as never before. The antitarily assume the leadership of the religionists are vocal in the larger group, expecting no salary and centers. But in the rural districts, asking no financial help for their where eighty-five per cent of the simple needs. Such a movement is .people live, homes are thrown open already going on, with the cordial to the messengers in villages never cooperation of missionaries, and is reached before, the villagers turn also looked upon as one of the most out night after night to hear, fruitful and promising methods of hearts are touched, lives are winning the remoter and less evan- changed, and new outposts are gelized portions of the country. won.

The Government and Religion When we realize that all this progress is affecting one-fourth of The new government is taking the whole human family, we cana hand in religious matters, evi- not but be glad for the opening dently with a view to making vistas beyond of international coprogress in the sloughing off of operation and mutual service. But superstition. A recent proclama- most of all can Christians rejoice tion reads something like this: in the new liberty and opportunity "Ancestral temples, if the ances- which this peace and progress is tral worship tends to preserve the bringing to the growing church in upright racial characteristics of the people, temples belonging to China, and for the leavening inestablished religions (the worship fluence which the Church, in turn, of exemplary figures in history, will increasingly exert in every religion with a moral creed and phase of national progress. It cerclean history)-these may stand. tainly means much to the new But idol-worship and immorality government that so many men of must go." When the idols in the Christian character have been temple of the god of the wall and available to take positions of remoat of Paotingfu' were recently sponsibility. This is a direct con- smashed, some wept, others cursed, tribution of missions. Especially while one old priest carried away can we hope much from the de- for kindling wood pieces of the voted Christian womanhood of very idols which he had served so China as it accepts the challenge long. It is a questionable policy, of the new freedom which Chris- thus to take away the objects of tian progress is bringing.

A praying church at home means a conquering church abroad. Nothing so much encourages the missionary as the knowledge that those at home are bearing him up on the wings of their prayers. James Gilmour said, "Unprayed for, I feel like a diver at the bottom of the river with no air to breathe; or like the fireman with an empty hose in a burning building."

"Prayer and the New Life," by W. F. Richardson.

HOME MISSION TASK

BY REV. JAY S. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa.

STRICTLY speaking, the task stitution. The home mission en- of nationally organized home terprise stands ready to step aside missions is not to Christianize in any given community as soon as America. To be sure, America the church in that community is sorely needs to he Christianized, able to get along without home but that is the task of the Chris- missionary help. Ideally it is the tian Church. The organized home business of nationally organized mISSIOn enterprise is not the home missions to work itself out Church nor is it the sum total of of a job just as soon as possible.

the activities of all the churches. As a practical matter of fact, how- The essential job of nationally or- ever, the responsibility of nation- ganized home missions is to help ally organized home missions is, make the Church, with a well- in spite of the enormous achieve- rounded program of worship, evan- ments of the past, far greater to- gelism, religious education and day than when the enterprise was community ministry, available in launched somewhat more than a communities where, without this century ago. help, such a church with such a This fundamental conception, program would not exist. What- that the home mission enterprise ever else home missions may ac- is built about the church as a com- complish, if it fails here it fails in- munity institution and that it deed. will succeed or fail in proportion The program of home missions as it succeeds or fails in carrying is concerned primarily with the out this fundamental purpose of Church as a community institu- making adequate churches with tion; with the organization of adequate programs available in all churches in communities where communities, does not mean that they do not exist; with the pro- home mission agencies shall never viding of adequate and trained engage in any sort of work other leadership in communities which than that directly related to local for one reason or another are not church programs. It does mean, able to provide such facilities and however, that the primary and de- such leadership for themselves; termining program of horne mis- and with the increasing of the ef- sions has to do with local churches ficiency of churches with programs in particular communities and now inadequate to meet the needs with the establishment of such in- of their respective communities. stitutions on a self-sustaining basis The home mission enterprise is as soon as feasible. It is the bu<:;ibuilt upon the basic assumption of ness of horne missions to mini~ter the worthwhileness of the ministry religiously to certain types of comof Christian churches in local com- munities until such a time as the munities, just as our public edu- task can he turned over to local cational systems are built upon the leadership and be maintained from conviction of the worthwhileness local resources.

of the school as a community in- The conducting of schools and 182 colleges and the maintaining of of such education indicates clearly eleemosynary institutions, which that only under very exceptional under certain special conditions conditions should home mission may have seemed or may still seem funds be used to maintain schools to be desirable adjuncts of the and colleges. Higher education home mission enterprise, is not even among exceptional groups fundamental to the task of home should not be primarily or perma- missions. In general, even among nently a home missionary task. To what we have sometimes called our divert home mission funds into under-privileged groups, we must such channels is to run the risk of and should depend upon state sup- failure in the one task which is ported schools for the furnishing essentially the home mission task, of both elementary and advanced and for which no other agency is education to all groups under the responsible, namely, the providing United States flag. Both from the of religious ministry for local com- standpoint of expense and of pub- munities.

lic policy, home missionary agen- Nor is the hospitalization of cies cannot, except under very un- America a home mission task. Hos- usual conditions, afford to compete pitals are greatly to be desired, but with or to duplicate the program they must be made available by of the public schools. Allowing for agencies other than those of na- exceptions to the rule and recog- tionally organized home mission nizing the important part played bodies. The home mission task by home mission schools in raising committed to the home mission up leaders, we must still face the boards of America can never be fact that the maintaining of home accomplished by the multiplication missionary schools is and should of hospitals.

be a decreasing factor in home The Community Approach mISSIOns. We must also face the limitations and the social dangers The approach of home missions of maintaining such enterprises on is essentially the community ap- a racial basis in communities proach, and the interest of home where public school segregation no missions is prim!lTily t~1::"t of the longer exists or never has existed. Christian Church.

The enormous advance in public The home mission enterprise is !:'chool procedure and support dur- interested in the following three ing recent decades adds additional types of communities: weight to the statement above 1. Communities which, for one made. When we consider higher reason or another, are unab!e to education the practical question of provide a religious ministry with- support again arises. Higher edu- out aid from outside of the com- cation is so expensive that most munity. Such communities include mission boards have never in their sparsely settled rural communities entire history received as much and communities suffering from money as is represented by the special economic handicaps.

building and endowment invest- 2. Communities which may not ment of certain individual univer- be suffering from economic handi- sities now open to representatives caps or from sparse population, of any class or racial group. Were but in which, because of the indif- there no other reason, the expense ference on the part of adults, re-

ligious work will not be maintained line with the essential missionary without aid from outside of the task of extending a well-rounded community. Polyglot sections in church ministry to groups not now many of our great cities are typi- reached by such ministry. cal, also Mormon communities and some industrial centers. In these The home mission enterprise sections religious work may yield must depend upon denominational large returns, particularly in the legislative bodies to speak in matlives of the growing boys and girls, ters of theology, creeds, ecclesiaswhile, at the same time, it is im- tical organizations and even upon possible to arouse enough interest such questions as international among the adult population to de- peace, inter-racial relations, temvelop a self-supporting work. perance and similar matters ….. . 3. In communities w her e In the field of church efficiency, churches now exist, and possibly maintain themselves without out- as that is related to the ways of side help, but where the church doing things, such as the best way program is entirely inadequate to to make a local parish survey, the meet the religious needs of the best way to conduct a financial various grou'ps to be found in the program, the best way to build a church, the best way to conduct a communities in question. program of evangelism and in sim- To put the matter another way, ilar fields, our boards of home mis- sions can assume to speak with home mission agencies have two some authority, not the authority main tasks: to help maintain re- of autocrats, but the authority of ligious work in communities where trusted servants who by virtue of such subsidy is necessary, and to long experience and broad and increase the efficiency of churches in all types of communities where varied contacts know more about churches are failing to meet the the job as a whole than anyone religious needs of their communi- else. ties with a reasonably adequate program of religious ministry. The organization of the various departments in our home mission It is a home missionary task to boards during the past generation enter an 'Indian Reservation and and the employment of experts in establish a church for three hun- various fields of local church endred Indians otherwise neglected, deavor have been a recognition of but it is equally a home missionary this very important function of task to persuade an organized self- home mission boards, and there is supporting church to include in its reason to believe that, as the work ministry three hundred persons of of home missions progresses, this foreign birth residing in that com- phase of the enterprise will assume munity, but previously neglected relatively greater importance. by the Church, and to show that Church how to do the new job. In If it is a missionary task to raise the one case the actual expenditure and expend a million dollars in of home mission funds in a local home missionary work from a cencommunity may be involved, while tral budget, it is also a missionary in the other case no such direct ex- task to employ a skilled workman penditure may be necessary, but in who will assist local communities to raise from their own resources each instance the procedure is in a similar amount of money for ex- penditure in a similar type of

THE HOME MISSION TASK TODAY

work. As a matter of fact we have tension, taken in its broadest already in the employ of home mi§.- meaning, and of local church effision agencies single individuals ciency, the home mission boards of whose work has resulted in the America have a task sufficient to raising of millions of dollars for challenge the imagination, capalocal enterprises which would bilities and resources of the folotherwise not have been raised. lowers of Jesus Christ. This money did not pass through a central treasury, but it accom- One might hope for a time when plished home mission ends. all communities in America would be able and wi11ing to support their One aim of home mission boards own church enterprises. At presshould be to secure as large and as ent such a situation seems far in speedy local support for all home the distance, but it is doubtful missionary enterprises as possible. whether the time will ever come There is nothing to be gained by when the Protestant churches can supporting an enterprise from a wisely do away with some national national treasury, if by some ex- agencies, corresponding to the pert guidance the local enterprise can be so organized as to become home mission boards as at present .self-supporting. In the past, local organized, to act as clearing houses communities have been left too for the best methods of work in much to their own devices with the local parishes, to blaze new trails consequent result that local re- of service, to hold up ideals of sources have frequently not been parish survey, organization and adequately developed. The develop- program and to stimulate local ment of these local resources both workers to more effective enin terms of money and leadership deavor. is a distinctly missionary function which in many cases home mission At the risk of pointing out the boards are already equipped to obvious we may call attention to perform, and at which they are in the fact that the interpretation of a limited way already at work. home missions in terms of church This is surely a field where home and community as already sugmh,3ionary effort can and should gested will help to relieve the home be greatly expanded. missionary enterprise of the long- standing and increasingly un- And what applies to this field of fortunate obsession that home finance applies also to the many missions is a matter of one particother phases of local church effi- ularly fortunate race doing someciency. The promotion of evangel- thing for a group of other less ism, of larger parish organizations, fortunate races, or of people born of better building programs, of in some favored spot ministering city and rural missionary societies, to others who have chanced to be of community service, worship and born at other places. religious education programs, of a seven-day-a-week ministry to boys Many studies show that this traand girls and young men and wom- ditional conception is contrary to en, and similar activities, has been, the facts in the case, and, were is, and should be even more the that not true, the time has arrived task of home mission boards. when to continue to think in such terms will serve only to defeat us In the two fields of church ex- in the accomplishment of the very ends toward which we strive.

TWO RHODESIA" BOYS OF' THE AF'I(!(,.: BUSH SCHOOL

YOUTH OF

BY MAX YERGAN, M.A., Alice, Cape Province, South Africa aeneral Secretary of the South African Work of the International Y. M. C. A.

SEVENTY-ONE years ago Da- eyes and look on the fields, for they vid Livingstone thrilled and are white already to harvest." In challenged Great Britain and a very real sense this was true of America with his recital of what Africa in Livingstone's time; it he had seen and felt in the Africa is more true today. In the same of his day. His story was a re- sense in this brief article I too beg strained but convincing description to direct your attention to the of the horrors of the slave trade. youth of Africa. With an understanding that knew Any consideration of African that attention directed to the re- youth of today and tomorrow must be made in the light of tremendous moval of this curse from the land forces which have served to shape their life and that today are casting would be bound to give itself to the mold into which that life must other needs of the people of Africa more or less fit. he pursued his great ideal, t~ healing of "the open sore." On through his journeys and work in In the first place there is that Africa and his addresses in Britain vast background of indiginous down to his lonely death in Chitam- African life. We do not know a bo's village he made his magnifi- great deal about it but it had with- cent appeal to the conscience of in it forces which fitted African the Western WorId. youth more or less for the life- That appeal, spread though it experiences they would have. The was over years of loneliness and duties of manhood, the responsi- ceaseless travel, and written lit- bilities of life within the tribe, erally in the blood of the man who methods of the hunt, or raising cat- made it, may nevertheless be ex- tIe and to a degree of agriculture, pressed in Livingstone's now clas- methods of house 'and home buildsic sentence: "I beg to direct your ing-all these were a part of the attention to Africa." In these training of African youth of the eight words there is the epitome past. of a volume. They may be said to Then there was another body of' represent the anguished cry of mil- training, tradition and experience Hons of this continent who have which dealt with the less tangible suffered in the past or are today but nevertheless just as real things in sore need. They are in a large of life. I refer to the customs, measure the hope of those who la- taboos, and that mysterious realm bor in Africa today, who are ap- of the spirit world wherein are pealing to and waiting upon the found belieffl and practices many force of an enlightened public of which. when unden'ltood, comol)inion both within and without mand l'eflpect becaufle they are well the continent. reasoned and are a part of the The words of David Livingstone metaphysical speculation as well must have been inspired by that as the natural religious gifts of all utterance of Jesus: "Lift up your peoples. The Greeks, the Romans 167

and the Egyptians, no less than traditions, at least suggests anpeople of today were all character- other. ized by such mystical beliefs and practices. How could it be other- The inevitable consequence of a wise when we face such mysterious clash within the rules or laws of forces as life and death? social or religious thinking and acting is at least a temporary pe- Without doubt there were in riod of social and religious weakthose past ages, and there are oc- ness. That, one maintains, is in a casionally in our own day in the large measure the position of Afmore primitive and remote sections rican youth today. The plain fact, of Africa, (I will not refer to sec- as we shall presently see, is that tions of the civilized world), or- while there is much in Africa's deals and horrors of a revolting own past that is good and infinitely nature. Ignorance has been and is worth retaining, indeed must be responsible for so much shame and retained, it has been tuned to a suffering t hat one is always life which exists on a basis that tempted to make a plea for light is different and is increasingly difand more light; as a matter of fering from the basis of that life fact that is the object of this pa- which Africans of today and toper. "The light that lighteth every morrow must live. Even if Africa man's life,"-that is what is had had fewer contacts with the wanted for this youth of Africa. outside world there would contin- ually exist the utmost necessity of It is not necessary to point out purifying and improving her own that much of the assets of Africa's indiginous heritage. No thoughtheritage was and is based on a life ful African may say that pristine in which, and as a result of which, Africa could or can afford to be those assets came into being. It without the benefits of knowledge becomes manifest therefore that or religious growth. On her own the African youth we view today account therefore, and certainly as comes into life endowed with a her- a result of the operation of outside itage of mixed content and much forces the present day youth of of it based on an experience of the Africa find themselves not only in past which is deereasingly becom- need of the good that the past and ing the order of today. If his past present hold for them, but at the says to him walk, his present de- same time in need of deliverance mands that he run; if yesterday from the undesirable aspects both limited his thoughts to his tribe, of their own indiginous heritage today opens up a vision of race, and of their present more or less nation and world; whereas the extraneously constructed environthought processes of yesterday ment. We must now refer to this were largely controlled by tradition extraneous force. and much of that untested, today a large part of African youth is The effect of outside, particularfaced with a new set of rules of ly western forces, upon African life, a new body of knowledge much life has been rapid, far reaching, of which has to his intellectual sat- and of mixed good and evil results. isfaction been tried and proved. Half a century ago with the ex- The consequence is confusion. The ception of her coastal regions, and head leads in one direction, the a considerable section at the southheart, that is to say much of his ern end of the continent, Africa

AFRICAN YOUTH OF TOMORROW

COMING AFRICANS AT THE Y. M. C. A. CONFERENCE OF CHRISTIAN YOUTH

proper was virtually unknown. pect of the Africa which we must With the penetration of the inte- know and face today if we would rior came knowledge of the vast understand and cooperate with her deposits and other unknown pos- sons and daughters. sibilities of wealth. The eyes and the hands of the western world As regards the effect of this were then turned toward and upon western penetration and control, it the continent. Then followed the is a matter for profound thankful- European scramble for political ness that it did not take place at control of Africa and the subse- an earlier date preceding the outquent exploitation of her posses- burst of the evangelistic, missionsions. This control has now been ary and humanitarian spirit of obtained and the exploitation is Europe and America. Had this under way. If we make a possible been the case, there might have exception along the Mediterranean been enacted in Africa scenes and also except Liberia and Abys- which for wanton cruelty and utsinia the almost startling fact we ter disregard of human values face is that the whole of this vast would have paralleled or exceeded continent has fallen under the po- the terrible deeds of those who vislitical control of five European ited such hardships and cruelty powers and under the economic upon the original inhabitants of control of Europe, America and South America and the islands of Asia. The result in part has been the New World. One says this not- "an upheaval, a riving, a shatter- withstanding the history of cruelty ing, a transformation, a metamor- in the early days of European conphosis, the breakup of an eon, the tact with the Congo and other reshaping of a continent-say it isolated instances of extreme achow you will, and think of it all tion on the part of Europeans. As as happening with almost cataclys- a matter of fact it was that humic suddenness." manitarianism referred to that called a halt to the "Belgian atro- This fact of the more or less cities" and it has all along been a complete taking over of Africa and healthy morality in Europe and to some extent of Africans, is the America which has refused to certain observation of every seri- countenance by their silence more ous student of African affairs. It flagrant violations of human rights is a large portion of the thesis of and justice in Africa. Professor Buell's "The Native Problem in Africa," Mr. E. W. But while we accept the above Smith's, "The Golden Stool," as well as his "The Christian Mission view as regards the moral control in Africa," and of Professor Wil- of Western penetration into Afriloughby's "Race Problems in the ca, we must not lose sight of a New Africa." Even in books in- great fact to which Mr. J. H. Oldtended for mission study such as ham in his "Christianity and the "Thinking With Africa" by the Race Problem," very properly calls Missionary Education Movement our attention. After pointing out of America, "The New Africa" by Donald Fraser and "Africa in the what he terms the "shrinkage of Making" by H. D. Hooper empha- the world" where distance and time sis is necessarily given to this as- have by scientific invention been greatly minimized thus making for increased human contacts and a

AFRICAN YOUTH OF TOMORROW

larger measure of common life, Mr. higher demands of human nature. Yet it cannot be evaded. Oldham writes as follows: Thus we behold the youth of a In striking contrast to this shrink- numerous race in an almost hisage of the world through the improve- torically unprecedented position. ment of means of communication is the It is compelled to do battle on two lack of any corresponding achievement fronts at the same time, a feat in bringing about moral and !!piritual from every angle possessed of inunity. While physically the peoples herent strategic weakness. On one of the world have been brought closer side African youth is confronted together psychologically they are in with the task of carrying, improvdanger of drifting further apart. New ing or discarding the impedimenta causes of antagonism have emerged. Attempts are being made to set up SCENE IN THE BANTU Y. M. C. A. AT JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AF'RICA impassable barriers. Closer proximity of their natural heritage; this is and greater economic dependence on admittedly a task which the youth one another do not make it any easier of whatever race must face, and for the peoples of the world to live Africans constitute no exception, relatively speaking, to the general together in mutual understanding and rule of enthusiastic approach to it. harmonious cooperation. Having by All of this on one side of the shield; its enterprise, inventions and eager on the other is to be seen the difpursuit of wealth succeeded in making ficulty created by the fact that the world into a single whole, man- Africans must carry their normal burden and at the same time make kind is now confronted with the more extraordinary adjustments which difficult task of establishing a moral almost inexorable circumstances unity. This is a greater and more exacting task than that which has already been accomplished; it makes

demand of them. These circum- ed by a more lofty ideal of life.

stances are the essence of the effect A third answer will be of more of those outside forces which are interest and satisfaction to readers described above, of good and bad of this REVIEW. It is an answer content. Such is the condition of given by thousands of Europeans African youth today; what, in the in Africa; it is fully shared by face of this complicated situation almost every thoughtful African; can be said of that youth of to- it is nothing, if it is not a force in morrow? This is the question to the idealistic thinking of people which we must now give consid- wherever they dwell. It is at once eration. our answer, our inspiration and our Various answers could be given plan or chart of action. Weare to the question proposed. In fact happy to try to set forth this an- the answers have been given and swer here for it is to the point of are everyday being given. In the view of this REVIEW and doubtless first place, there are those who of most of its readers. That an- frankly say or if they do not say swer is contained in another and it certainly indicate by their ac- greater question: What is God's tions their belief that the African will for the youth of Africa?

of tomorrow shall be at best a con- Now this is not evading the is- venience to the personal represent- sue nor is it a resort to an easy atives of those outside forces which way out by the utterance of what have invaded the continent. One some may call mere pious plati- doubts very much if this view real- tudes. Indeed God's will for Africa ly represents a preponderantly is the most difficult solution that controlling part in the opinions we could set ourselves to discover even of these personal representa- and realize for it is as true today tives; indeed there is much evi- as it was when it was said of Him dence to the contrary. But this "My ways are not thy ways nor opinion is strong; it works and My thoughts thy thoughts."

manifests itself in a. most subtle The responsibility of bringing in manner. Good, well intentioned the Kingdom of God in Africa so people of non-African races find far as human instrumentality is themselves driven at tim€s by re- concerned rests certainly with the lentless circumstances to subscribe three following groups: The na- to it. tives of Africa, the Europeans in Secondly, there are those who go Africa and Christian people else- somewhat farther than the opinion where, especially in Europe and just described and hold that the America. We may get our picture African has rights and that he of African youth of tomorrow from should really be permitted to de- a consideration of these three cen- velop according to his rights, that ters of responsibility, for nothing is, so long as such development does else is quite so important for our not interfere with those more im- immediate purpose.

portant and sacred rights of these The youth of Africa has been sub- ,particular non-Africans. This is ject to the same influences which also a fairly representative answer have moved among youth the world to our question and it is of impor- around. How could it be otherwise tance because it is a good basis for when we remember that the war moving on to an attitude support- and all that it disclosed and re-

AFRICAN YOUTH OF TOMORROW

leased affected Africa in the same that the desires, demands, and ef- way and to the same relative de- forts of African youth, with few gree as was the case elsewhere? exceptions, will be put forth in the It is natural therefore to expect spirit of Him in whose name Life a strong spirit of nationalism or is promised and sought.

racialism; and this we do find. Oc- Europeans in Africa are if any- casionally this spirit expresses it- thing more responsible for that de- self in anti-European utterances sirable tomorrow of 1frican youth and action; but this is decidedly than the latter themselves. What the exception. As I pointed out in we have said about the inexorably the chapter I wrote for "Thinking overwhelming nature of European With Africa," One does not believe control of Africa is fair proof of that the explanation of this unrest this statement. Wise leaders is an anti-government, or anti- among Europeans in Africa are European spirit; it is rather an realizing that the destiny of both evidence of a more positive desire; white and black is inseparably we Christians call it the "Good along the same road and are cour- Life." Jesus not only gave it a ageously advocating a program of name, but declared that His mis- real cooperation; it may be coop- sion was to make it possible for eration with discipline and the nec- people to have this good full life essary junior and senior partner- and have it in abundance. ship status, so long as required, Therefore when African youth but nevertheless real cooperation.

desire, demand and struggle for This will make clear to the African the right of respect for and devel- the encouraging fact that he has opment of their own personality, a future in his own land. In a few when they ask that a stigma of instances, particularly in sections inferiority be removed from them, of West Africa and to a great de- when they demand and strive for gree in the Transkeian section of adequate educational facilities, and South Africa wise and far sighted when they express their strong dis- government policy has committed satisfaction with political and so- itself to principles of progressive cial arrangements under which cooperation whereby Africans will they live-in other words, when play an increasing part in the en- they declare that they have not that tire life of the community.

which through Christ we know to It must also be remembered that be the will of God for them, they there are Christian forces at work are but giving impression to that among Europeans who dwell in witness which every quality of Africa. To the knowledge of the manhood, every desire to live and writer these forces have both in grow and all that we know of God's South Africa and East Africa will for man demand that they borne excellent and at times fruit- bear. ful witness to their conviction of And last but certainly not least, God's will for Africans, even where the African's sense of proportion, the immediate interest of the Afri- his cooperative spirit, his proven can and European appeared to be patience and sorely tried tolerance, in conflict. As a matter of fact, if and his real belief in God, more it were not common knowledge to real when he knows Him through the readers of this REVIEW, one Christ, are sufficient guarantees would have taken much more space 3

and time to show how Christianity moral and spiritual forces being as an outside force which has come far behind the physical and eco- into Africa by way of the Western nomic is still preeminently true in world has, with exceptions of this continent. Ignorance, back- course, been a fairly consistent pro- wardness and social weakness claimer of the good life of Christ's among Africans, and ignorance, gospel for Africans and how mis- selfishness and injustice among sionaries have usually identified Europeans all enmeshed in the themselves with the promotion of toils of blind material forces still the African's interests. It is not cry out for that light, that guid- without basis that the African has ance and those qualities which one placed all white people in two believes can be given by a fuller groups-"Missionaries and other following of Jesus of Nazareth and whites." One could refer most fav- the implications of His teachings ourably to the work not only of about life.

missionaries but of those churches This leads up to our final con- serving Europeans exclusively in sideration: The responsibility South Africa, for instance, and pay resting upon Christians in Europe, them the tribute due them for their America and elsewhere for making steady growth towards truer Chris- available for the future of Africa thin expression and action. the sure gospel of Christ and there- The Christian Student Move- by sharing in realizing the will of ment in South Africa is again one God for the full life of Africans.

of the most hopeful factors for the This is the inexorable challenge of development of a truly Christian Africa to the Western world. At- life for the African as well as the tention must be directed to this European youth of tomorrow and continent not only because of her for the promotion of Christian at- ills on her own account but because titudes and practices in the sphere of those which have been imposed of future interracial relationship. from without. Africa has become Recent action within this move- a part of the life of the world; ment whereby an interracial stu- Europe and America draw upon dent conference has been held, and her material commodities without non-European speakers brought stint; she is now part of the family before large audience of European and therefore in the truest meaning students, are indications of the pos- of God's Fatherhood and our sibility of a future based on knowl- Brotherhood must share in what- edge and Christian principles, than ever is worth while in the family.

which no more solid foundation can One of the first things Christian be laid for the building of a per- people outside Africa can do is to manent and desirable future for know something about conditions African youth. But having pointed in the continent. Much has been out the above, this consideration written and volumes are being pro- of the part to be played by Euro- duced in increasing annual quanti- peans in the future of African ties. Reference has been made in youth must be closed by calling at- this article to half a dozen books tention to the fact that there is not which will at once open up to the yet a Christian Africa in which reader the amazing story of life, God's will is to be realized. Mr. development and conditions in Af- Oldham's observation about the rica of half a century's duration.

AFRICAN YOUTH OF TOMORROW

One is quite sure that the head- whereby the church, the state and quarters of various denominational private philanthropy are united in mission Boards will lend them- one great forward program of full, selves to the truly missionary task well-founded education, the cure of helping people to know the facts and prevention of disease, and the as they are to be had from books. raising of the whole social vision and practice of the people. This Secondly, Christians may add can be done because there are intheir strength to the growing mor- stances where it has been done. If al opinion of the Western world Christ is concerned with the bringtoday as regards the latter's atti- ing in of a full life, He certainly tude and practice towards the large means for us to make use of all social, economic and political ques- the available forces of life for that tions which have arisen because of purpose. If a beginning were to the penetration of Western forces be made for properly serving Afinto Africa and the well-nigh total rica with medical and agricultural westernization of these aspects of facilities, assuming of course the Africa's life. foundations for this service, one believes that the tomorrow of Af- In the third place, Western rican youth would be infinitely Christians can continue to join brighter than it now appears. with Christian forces within Africa in the direct task of evan- Fortunately much has happened gelization, education, and social of late to quicken interest in the improvement. I used the word world mission of the Christian "continue" because I am aware of Church. The conditions, the meththe invaluable contribution which ods of procedure, and most of all has already been made in this way a knowledge of the controlling powto Africa's life. If the missionary er, spirit and motive of the misenterprise has done much in the sionary enterprise in Africa may past I am convinced that it is called be obtained from the reports of the upon to do infinitely more in the recent missionary gathering at future. Right now, I know of no Jerusalem,l and that at Le Zoute,S single force that is accomplishing Belgium in 1926. If a tithe of the so much for good as the individual hope, prayer, and work of these witness for Christ which is being gatherings may be realized for Afborne by a few missionaries not rica, then we need have no fear so much in words as by their atti- about the future of Africa and her tudes and practices towards and youth. work among and with Africans. The opportunity is still with us and 1. "The Vorld lIission of Christianity" confor a very long time will be for this taining the messages and recommendations of sort of missionary activity. the Enlarged ~Ieeting of the International Mis· sionary ConJl('il held at Jerusalem March 24th As regards Education and So- to April 8, 1928. cial Service one has in mind that larger conception of missions 2. "The Christian Mission in Africa." A Study based on the Procef'dlngs of the Int.er- national Conference at Le Zoute, Belgium, Sep- temher 14 to 21. 1926. By Edwin W. Smith.

When the dust of business so fills your room that it threatens to choke you, sprinkle it with the water of prayer, and then you can cleanse it out with comfort and expedition. J. S.

JERUSALEM-IN

BY HABIB SUBHAEYAH, Hams, Syria I N GENERAL the Jerusalem causes, the purposes of the great Missionary Conference had a conference, and the subjects that bad effect on the non-Christian were discussed. The same expla- community throughout S y ria, nations were given by the author mainly due to a misunderstanding in meetings of native Christians.

of its purpose. Fears and suspi- It has been said that it is now cions propagated by magazines and the time of sowing, not the time of newspapers were caused, as I was reaping, but there is reason to be- told by some religious leaders, by lieve that the reaping will be great two main facts: and that the spiritual results will 1. That the conference limited be so large that thousands will itself to Protestants. have greater faith and the name 2. That it did not admit into its of God will be glorified.

sessions Moslem theologians from Although I have attended many any part of the Moslem World. spiritual meetings with different The presence of such Moslem mem- purposes, I have never been as bers, it was asserted, would have much affected as by this confer- prevented the severe criticism of ence. Its spirit, its discussions, its the Press, the indignation and Christian teachings and deeds, the organized demonstrations of the number of its members, the char- public. Newspaper writers were acter of its president with his specially aroused by the fact that affective words inspired by the they were not admitted to the spirit of God. All were striking meetings. and effective. Even if I should The efforts to make it clear that live to the age of Jared (962 years) the conference entertained no en- or even to that of Methusalah (969 mity toward Moslems, and that it years) that impression could never aimed at a better service to the pass away from my memory.

world through the church, were Precious Memories not of much avail, although some learned leaders did take the Here are some of the memories writer's articles and friendly chats I still bear in mind: to heart. 1. The walk with the members As to the effect on Syrian Chris- of the conference from Bethany to tians it gives one pleasure to speak. the Mount of Olives on Palm Sun- In the presence of Dr. and Mrs. day, which brought to mind the Speer, two American active mem- passion that made Christ weep bers of the great conference, a over the people of that city which general meeting for the Syrian had the best chance to be saved workers was held in Beirut. An- by Him, and which preferred ig- other meeting was held for all the norance to knowledge, bad to good, American missionaries in Syria at the world to the Saviour of the the same time, and Dr. Speer with world, perdition to salvation, dark- the cooperation of Rev. James ness to light and unbelief to belief.

Nicol, undertook to explain the There are many today who, from 196 sheer ignorance, by refusing to ac- Jesus bearing His cross for us all. cept Jesus as his Saviour make 4. Lastly is the memory revived him again weep fOJ; us. by our entrance to the tomb where 2. The two hours spent in the lay the body of Christ after having garden where Jesus separated died for the love of us. from His disciples, choosing three of them, from whom he also sep- The main points that impressed arated to pray. The readings to- the congregation by the conference gether with the private and public may be summed up in the followprayers, under the leadership of ing: Rt. Rev. Rennie Macinnes, D.D., Bishop of Jerusalem, while we sat 1. That Christ is God, the Creadown on the ground amongst the tor of heaven and earth. stones and shrubs, thrilled our hearts with the spiritual sense of 2. That God was incarnated in communion with Christ. a perfect human being.

3. The memory revived by tak- 3. That Christ did die and did ing the way in which Jesus walked rise and that by His death we are as a criminal to be judged was saved. brought home to us still more vividly by the little shop across the 4. That Christ is ever living and way where stands the statue of is forever the most holy God, worthy of all worship and rever- ence by all angels and saints in heaven and by all the creatures on earth for ever and ever, Amen.

WORK FOR SOLDIERS IN CHILE BY WILLIAM M. STRONG, Concepcion, Chile The following is an interesting Wernet him riding along the letter recently received from Mr. Wm. road, and recognized him by his Mbu.sinSetrsosngm, ana Nwehwo wYeonrkt tCohrSisotuiathn dress, so we decided to settle the America, at his own expense, and founded "The Soldiers' Gospel Mis- matter immediately, if possible. sion." He is now located at Concep- When he heard what it was we cion, Chile, but visits various points wanted, he started to storm against where soldiers-a much neglected hypocrites! This was not very enclass-are located, and with Gospel meetings and Scripture distribution, couraging but, with our experience has led many into new life in Christ. in the life insurance business, we refused to be discouraged easily. EDITOR. When the storm had ceased, we asked: ASHORT time ago on entering a regimental barracks to ar- "Well, what do you say? Shall range for a Gospel meeting we have the meeting or not 1" we found that the comandante was out, and so we went for a walk out His answer, was about as fol- lows: in the country. The commander of each regiment has full authority in "Look here, I'm absolutely irmatters affecting the morale of religious and opposed to all re- ligion. I don't even allow the his troops so that we have to "sell 'padres' to hold a religious meeting our idea" to each colonel in turn. with my troops. If you want to This particular man was unknown hold a meeting come along at five o'clock, but if you say a word about to us.

religion I'll throw you out in the "Exactly what we showed you street." this morning, sir," was our reply.

"We're out in the street now," He demanded a reexamination we replied, "and it might be better and then gave his consent to the to stay here in that case. But let distribution. Without the opporus tell you something! You've a tunity to put the Word of Life in bunch of men that you know you've the hands of the men, we would tried your best to reform. In spite feel that our work would be unof all your efforts and lectures on fruitful. alcoholism and the sex problem, they do not obey you. But there As the men started to file out of is an Almighty Power that you the hall, the comandante shouted, have not tried that will trans- "Sientense todos!" (Everybody sit form their lives and make them down!) . decent, happy, respectable, hardworking men. We give you fair We wondered what could be warning that if you do let us in we coming next! He started on a discannot but speak of this mighty course to his men, beginning with Power that. will make them new- the Constitution of Chile, citing born creatures. We will tell them the clause which grants religious the Way to attain this new life and, furthermore, we have proofs liberty and then said, out of your own army in other "For this reason I have perplaces as to what God has already done !" mitted Sr. Strong to speak to you. I wish to say further that the Finally he gave a sort of grudg- teachings of Christ are highly ing consent for a meeting, and so beneficial and I trust that you will we parted. all profit by this good counsel which you have heard." That afternoon when we began to speak of Christ's salvation and He then turned and shook hands with us cordially. We do not bepower to deliver from the guilt lieve in "pussyfooting" God's mesand power of sin, the comandante, sage, but we never have expected burst into the room and strode to an open endorsement of it, especi· the front, apparently with the in- ally from a high official. When it came from such a man, it was a tention of stopping the meeting. surprise indeed! Suddenly he paused, when within :fifteen feet of us, and began to lis- After our arrival at home, we ten to a story we were telling. He sent this officer a New Testament, remained silent while we continued and we herewith translate a part the meeting without interruption, of his reply: quoting God's Word and pointing the way of salvation. "Colonel X- wishes to greet At the close, we asked the head Sr. Gmo. Strong and would state sergeants, as usual, to come for- that he has gratefully received ward and receive their copies of el "Nuevo Testamento," which he the Gospel of St. John to distribute will read with the hope that the among the men. Then the comandante interfered and asked to Supreme Creator will place a know what they were. pavilion of consolation over his 'a I m a pecardora empedernida' (sinful hardened soul)."

Pray for this poor fellow who is but a type of many officers who have attended our meetings and

WORK FOR SOLDIERS IN CHILE

for whom we ask your prayers. for the distribution of New Testa- These officers come from the best ments among the men of the army families of Chile, and, as in other and navy. This will increase the places, are a hard class to reach cost of transportation, but we can with the Gospel. commit these details to the One Who has called us to labor in this We wish that you would praise part of His vineyard. Pray God the Lord with us for the fact that that His blessing may rest upon means have been partly provided this work.

A REMARKABLE INVALID IN SHANGHAI* BY GEORGE T. B. DAVIS, Shanghai, China I N THE course of my journeys was working in the office of a it has been my privilege to magistrate in Hinghwa, in Kiangsu meet a number of heroic in- province. He went to church valids in various lands. from time to time, and was once presented with a copy of the Bible, For seventeen years Mr. D. C. but did not read it. At length, Hu has had an affliction that would after he became paralyzed, when leave most of us helpless invalids. in great extremity and pain, he began to read the Word of God, He constantly lies in one position and through reading it and the on his back, his body and limbs help of friends, he accepted Christ being paralyzed. His jaws are set as his Saviour. so that his teeth are clenched and immovable. One of his front teeth After he became a Christian, he has been extracted, and through asked the Lord what he could do this opening he speaks and re- for Him in his paralyzed condiceives nourishment. Yet in spite tion? of these handicaps, he conducts two day schools and a night school, The Lord said to him, "Read teaches classes daily, and writes your Bible this year, and later I articles for a religious paper. On will come to take you to a happy Sunday morning he conducts a place across a river." Sunday-school and religious service, sometimes preaching the ser- So Mr. Hu read his Bible, and mon while lying on his cot. at the set time, a coolie came to his house and he said to him, "Will It was in Shanghai that I heard you take me to Shanghai on your of Mr. Hu through Miss Jennie V. back?" Hughes, who showed me his picture and took me to see him. "Have you any money? It is nineteen miles to the boat." Mr. Hu's room is in an old rickety building where he was "No, I have no money." teaching a class of children. We "Where are you going to stay sat down beside his cot, and Dr. after you reach Shanghai?" Mary Stone interpreted. "I do not know; but the Lord told me to go." Mr. Hu is forty-one years old. After this conversation, the Before he became paralyzed, he coolie was impelled to pawn his own clothes in order to obtain *' From the MQody Bible Institute Monthly.

funds for the journey. Then he fully, and especially about the carried Mr. Hu on his back to the Holy Spirit. As the result he be- boat, and at length they reached gan to witness with greater power.

Shanghai. When they arrived, On each Sunday at 9 a. m., Mr.

the coolie asked, "Where shall I Hu has a Sunday-school, where take you?" He replied, "To the teachers come to help in the work Shantung Road Church." There among the children. At 10: 30 the pastor greeted him cordially a. m. there is a preaching service and took him to a home for crip- for the boys and girls, and for the ples where he spent seven years neighbors.

reading and stUdying his Bible, Mr. Hu writes articles for the and while there he was baptized Chinese Christian Intelligencer, ex- by the pastor. posing the evils of the anti-Chris- On one occasion he sent an ar- tian movement, and showing the ticle to a periodical in Nanking power of Christ to reconstruct the called Spiritual Light. In this he nation. Like that great hero of told his life story. One of the the first century of the Christian editors became interested and came era, he can say, "I take pleasure in to Shanghai to see him. Through infirmities, in reproaches, in neces- this person Mr. Leland Wang was sities, in persecutions, in distresses led to call on Mr. Hu and explain for Christ's sake: for when I am to him the way of salvation more weak then am I strong."

AN INVALID'S FELLOWSHIP OF PRAYER nJ FELLOWSHIP of Prayer was noticed a look of joy spread over started some years ago by the old lady's face, and she said: Miss Irvine of Dublin,* an "I am so thankful to hear what you invalid, whose influence has spread say because I did it." Then she to America and other lands. Year told him that several years before by year additional members are a missionary from the same area enrolled who give definite time for had visited the parish and had intercession. Many also write or called on her, and told her some- dictate letters, expressing their thing of his difficulties and of the joy at being able to take part in special problem of the district, this definite service. closed to evangelistic effort. From Some years ago, in the West of that time for over five years she England, a visiting missionary had daily prayed that God would called upon Ii parIshioner who lived open the door into this unevangelin the parish Almshouse, and had ised area so that the Gospel might been bedridden for many years. be preached. The missionary told the invalid of This is only one example of what a certain district which, for many is happening continually. The years, had been closed to evangel- work in the mission fields owes istic effort, but had now asked for much to these patient sufferers teachers. While he was teIling of who realise that while they are laid the work and the opportunity, he aside from active work, they have still a very important sphere of • Mi8S Gladys E. P. Irvine, Han. Sec., 55 Grosvenor St., Dublin S. W. 6, Ireland. service open to them.

PICS Of THE

JERUSALEM AND DETROIT An entire morning was devoted to While the interpretation of the mes-· the significance of the Jerusalem state- ment on The Christian Message. Dr. sage and spirit of the Jerusalem Coun- Robert E. Speer and Dr. Halford Luccil goes forward in our churches, it cock, now professor of Homiletics at is gratifying to learn how seriously many of our Foreign Mission Boards Yale, spoke on the meaning and value are taking the Jerusalem pronounce- of this classic to our American ments. Six months ago, questions churches, while Mrs. Thomas Nicholwere prepared on each major theme son dwelt on those aspects of the state- ment which are of special interest to discussed at Jerusalem for the special women~ James Yen of China, in an use of Mission Boards in their study of the implications of these Jerusalem evening address on "Meeting the statements with respect to their own Needs of Rural Populations" sugadministrative policies. The annual gested a number of practical adaptameeting of the Foreign Missions Con- tions in social and economic betterference just held in Detroit, January ment activities designed to meet the 15-18, was an effective stimulus to age-long limitations of China's rural this study. Over four hundred dele- people. On the last day, Mr. Hivale gates, representing more than sixty of India, spoke very frankly before the whole conference on those relaforeign Mission Boards in the United tions between the younger and older States and Canada, were in attend- churches which to him, at least, seem ance. The program sought to focus to be false and unwelcome. An evethought on Jerusalem's challenge to ning was devoted to the recent Congo North American Boards. In open con- Jubilee Conference; Dr. J. W. Holley, ference sessions as well as in sectional a colored delegate from the south premeetings, many of the questions re- senting one of the reports. ferred to above were introduced and made the basis of discussion. In the Since the conference opened with sectional meeting on industry, for ex- a careful survey of trends in giving ample, this very pertinent question to foreign missions, and with an analwas considered: "What adjustments ysis of changes taking place in the in the program of our Boards ought attitude of our church and student to be made to enable our missionaries constituencies toward foreign misto give greater help to the Christian sions, it was only natural that the Churches of other lands in their ef- closing session should be given over forts to Christianize social and in- to the testimony of nationals on the dustrial relations?" In the group on value of the Christian World Mission Religious Education: "How far are and to an address by Dr. James Enour missionaries prepared, by material dicott of Toronto, on "Points to be gifts and by technical training, to in- emphasized in our presentation of misstitute and apply modern educational sions to the home church."

technique in their areas?" In the The annual meetings of the Foreign Home Cultivation Section: "What Missions Conference are never charchanges in program or relationships acterized by many findings or resolu- on the mission fields need careful in- tions. It is not a legislative body. terpretation in our home churches?" The Mission Boards send their dele- 261

gates to exchange points of view, to ernment but this is due to outside gain knowledge of new conditions and pressure that, it is hoped, will soon developments affecting mission admin- be removed. "There is now no civil istration and to realize that spirit of war in China," said Dr. Yui. There unity among them out of which com- may be bandits at work in some areas mon undertakings emerge. Most of but the Government is taking steps to the major emphases of the Jerusalem suppress these and at the same time Council Reports were restated at De- to reduce the army of two million troit. The Boards could not mistake soldiers to not more than one million. their meaning. In the sectional meet- These will be organized under the Naings, a number of very definite rec- 'tional Government and not as at presommendations or proposals were made ent in separate army units. The army which, we trust, will find their way to must be reduced gradually or else the individual Foreign Mission Boards for unemployed soldiers will become banfurther consideration and perhaps dits. The securing of civilian employadoption. By and large the American ment, with self-support, for the church constituency still needs a good ex-soldiers is one of the difficult probdeal of educating before it can be said lems before the Chinese Government. that our Christian laymen are fully up to the position taken by the Jeru- Another problem is that of unifysalem Council. One may go further, ing the national revenues so that inperhaps, and predict in the light of stead of offering a means for graft Detroit that, in the case of Foreign and private exploitation the National Mission Boards themselves, pressure taxes will find their way into the Nafrom the fields will need to be applied tional treasury· and local taxes only before these Boards are likely to re- will be used for local improvements spond fully to the ideals which found and administration. expression on the Mount of Olives. A third problem is that of strength- Miss Helen Calder of the American ening the official personnel, local and Board was elected to succeed Dr. James national, so that effective unselfish I. Vance of Nashville, as Chairman of service will be rendered to China. It the Conference, being the first woman is significant and encouraging that of to occupy this position. By special the ten ministers or heads of departarrangement, and in addition to the ments in the national government sevregular women delegates, a number of en are Christians, six were educated women representing the Woman's Fed- in America and two are former Y. M. eration of Foreign Mission Boards C. A. Secretaries. Dr. Yui stated that participated in the Conference as cor- in all one hundred and fifty former responding members-a sure and hap- Y. M. C. A. Secretaries are now in py augury of the closer working Chinese Government service. relationships inaugurated by special resolutions at this Conference between These are difficult days in China but these two significant interdenomina- they are days of hope and young Chitional bodies. nese leaders are convinced that now is their opportunity and they are seek- M. T. S. ing to do truly constructive work in making the new China a progressive MAKING A NEW CHINA nation.

The Chinese people are again united What are the next steps? under one central national govern- First politically. The leaders are ment, said Dr. David Z. T. Yui, the seeking to unify the country. The National Y.M. C. A. Secretary for people have discarded the monarchy China, at a recent luncheon to busi- and are opposed to any dictatorship ness men in New York City. Shan- or military overlordship. They wish tung and Manchuria may still be out a true democracy with a well organof full accord with the central Gov- ized government modelled on that of the United States and with eligibility

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

to office determined, not by sex or emissaries as one of their chief points class, but by character and capacity. of attack.

Educationally the Chinese have set The basis of the superstructure of their standards according to modern the New China must be first, the de- ideas and methods. They propose to velopment of personal Christian char- give girls and women equal opportu- acter with ideals and capacity for nities to those enjoyed by men. Today unselfish service of humanity; second, over eighty per cent of the Chinese the training in intelligent citizenship are illiterate so that one of the tasks and the faithful observance of its before new China is to provide general rights and duties; and third, better education and at the same time to give and more sympathetic international the people a practical training for life, relations. On such a basis and with with a spirit of honesty and fair play such a program China must advance and a world viewpoint. • to a most important and honored place Economically, the endeavor will be in the world of nations.

to provide better living conditions for The progress that China has made working classes, with good roads and in the past two years is more fully improved implements and methods, so dealt with in this issue by Rev. Wm.

as to provide abundance with simple A. Mather who has spent over a quar- habits of life. ter of a century in that great land.

Socially, the leaders of new China strongly uphold monogamy and the THE SPELL OF CHRIST IN JAPAN putting to an end of concubinage and Missionaries write of stirring days domestic slavery. While the cultiva- in Japan with the whole country contion and importation of opium and scious of the birth of a new political other narcotics have increased, there life. The election of members to the is to be a determined war against National Parliament last spring, under these and kindred evils. the new Enfranchisement Act, brought Religiously, the leaders stand for forth over nine million men who, for freedom of conscience, belief and wor- the first time, had the right to vote. ship. They have refused to promote The wave of a new political interest Confucianism and do not approve of spread to the uttermost parts of the anti-religious propoganda. They be- Empire. lieve that religion is the center of There are many new forces at work life and that all should acknowledge in Japan but the strongest, if not the the supremacy of the one God and the most prominent in the public eyes, is brotherhood of all mankind. the quiet but dynamic influence of the Internationally, the Chinese seek to life and teachings of Jesus Christ. place all relationships on a mutually A prominent Japanese friend, who reciprocal basis, with equal rights and has held a high Government office, refriendly relations with other nations, cently asked what the Young Men's the revision of all unequal treaties and Christian Association is doing to build the full recognition of China's sov- up strong character among the young ereignty. They seek to outlaw war men who come within the range of its and to promote international friend- influence. The secretaries everywhere ship, based on understanding, good testify to the eager interest of mem- will and cooperation with all the fam- bers in the study of Jesus Christ, ily of nations. which the Movement is sponsoring in Dr. Yui gave emphatic testimony coope.ration with the World's Comas to the important part that the mittee. There has been an unprece- Young Men's Christian Association dented demand for books as aids to has taken in training leaders for the these studies and from all parts of the New China. Because of its influence Empire have come encouraging reports and its Christian character, this or- of the growing interest in this re- ganization was marked by the Soviet newed spiritual emphasis.

A Canadian missionary, Mrs. H. C. tion I a w s discriminating against Watts, who was transferred from the Asiatics, the refusal to naturalize Indisturbed district of Northern China dians as American citizens, and beto peaceful Japan, writes: "Japan cause of the recent volume that holds seemed at first to offer dull contrast up to condemnation certain Indian to our old field-no war; no bandits. characteristics and customs. Everything worked like clockwork in a perfect system of law and order. There are signs that a storm is Efficiency seemed written over every- brewing and Mahatma Gandhi is likely thing, and this, to our Chinese eyes, to come back into Indian politics as a ears and noses, spelt dullness." leader. The young men are saying that non-violence does not work out in After six months in Tokyo, she practice and that they must unite and went to a small Japanese city, from use violent measures, if necessary, to which she writes: "We are tremen- bring. about a complete separation dously happy to be here. To one corn- from England and to gain their indeing from China, where crowds throng pendence. Gandhi has asked them to our meetings, the work at first seems wait until December 31, 1930, before very slow. But the longer one is taking any drastic action but the here, the more convinced one is that young leaders will not postpone the the work is solid and lasting. One by date beyond December 31 of the presone, they ar~ entering the Kingdom, ent year. What hinders action is the and little by little the nation is bend- division in India itself. Moslems and ing to the influence of the Spirit of Hindus cannot get together and each Christ. Young men and young wom- distrusts the other. No decided acen are reading, thinking, questioning tion can be taken without the Moham- -and God is working in their hearts. medan vote of approval. Great Brit- Step by step, stage by stage, the new ain would like to know the mind of world is being created for Japan. India but there is no such thing at Pray for Japan, that she may discover present as an "all India mind." more and more of God's truth, beauty, and love; and express these ever more India still needs guidance, the moldfully in her life and character." ing power of a dominant ideal and per- sonality, the leadership of capable un- INDIA IN THE CHANGING WORLD selfish statesmen and the power to carry out the ideals. These factors All the world is in a state of flux. can only be supplied through Christ India is no exception, but is per- and those in whom He lives and works haps, changing more radically and for the regeneration of India and of rapidly. Many diverse influences are the Indian peoples. at work, s 0 me constructive-like Christianity and nationalism-a n d SHOULD WE ABANDON WORK some destructive—-like atheism and bolshevism. There is a storm brew- FOR JEWS? ing, says Mr. C. F. Andrews, the Christian advisor of Mahatma Gandhi, In America at the present time who is now visiting America in the there is a very definite and persistent interest of promoting American-In- propaganda on the part of Jewish dian friendship. At a recent luncheon, leaders to induce the Protestant given in his honor in New York City, Church to give up all Christian mis- Mr. Andrews said in substance: sionary effort among their people. This propaganda assumes many forms, Formerly Indians regarded Amer- but its spirit and general content may ica as representing their ideal of free- be gathered from a recent article by dom and friendliness but recently a Christian clergyman in the Jewish there has been a growing bitterness TTibune. entitled "Let Us End Misagainst America because of immigra- sionary Work Among Jews." The au- thor, Dr. Edward L. Hunt, formerly

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

a pastor in New York and now a di- Dr. Isaac da Costa, the philospher, rector of the American Good Will Un- Sir Francis Palgrave, the historian, ion, voices an indictment of such Bishop Schereschewsky, the great mismissionary effort in four counts. The sionary to China who translated the article is being widely circulated and Bible into the Wenli tongue, and many is lauded by some as the expression others equally eminent. Were these or an ideal type of Christianity. It men "social climbers" who sold their will also doubtless fall into the hands Jewish heritage for a cup of afterof some who, not knowing the facts, noon tea? may be disposed to give further currency to its oracular pronouncements. It is unfortunate that this writer Here are the items of the indictment: has not met any bona fide Jewish con- verts. Among the 150,000 or more 1. "I indict Christian missionary work now in the churches of Europe there on the score of its futility. One must are thousands who have had literally search far and wide for a genuine Jew- to take up their cross to follow Christ. ish convert to Christianity. Those we It is a spiritual tonic to meet many do have are merely social climbers seek- of them. Here in America, among ing to sell their birthright of Israel for the 20,000 Hebrew Christians now in a cup of afternoon tea." the Christian churches of this country, it is not necessary to search very far This is really a serious reflection to find those who bear the hall-mark on Jewish character. It declares that of genuine devotion to Christ and His Jews are so wanting in principle that cause. If Dr. Hunt would like to meet for the bribe of a little social advan- a few of these converts, it would be tage many of them are willing to sell a pleasure to afford him the opportheir Jewish heritage. It is also a tunity that he might judge for himmore serious reflection on Christian- self as to their genuineness. ity. It asserts that Christianity is so inferior to Judaism that no Jew could The reason that a still greater numpossibly be induced to accept it unless ber of Jews do not rejoice in new some material advantage is attached found faith in Christ is because of to it. This is such a strange indict- the meagerness of the efforts put forth ment that one cannot help wondering in this field. Christ belongs to Jews what kind of Christianity the writer more than He belongs to any other has in mind. people in the world. No people is more responsive to His appeal, when And as for the "futility" of Chris- sympathetically presented, and no peo- ple who yield to Him a fuller or more tian work for the Jews, one would lasting allegiance.

like to ask this author where he got One very simple question arises in the face of this indictment. If Chrishis information. Is he only repeating tian efforts to win Jews to an accept- ance of Jesus as the Christ are so the usual Jewish sing-song, or has he woefully barren of results, why are made a real honest search for the Jews making such strenuous efforts facts? A little investigation would to stop them? have led to the discovery that 224,000 Jews entered the Christian churches 2. "I indict Christian missionary work of Europe and America during the among Jews on account of its costliness nineteenth century. If Christian work and waste. Let the Christian Church had been proportionately as fruitful use the funds which are being literally among other non-Christian peoples, thrown away for this purpose and devote the results would have been three times it t~ bringi~g .Christianity to the many greater than they actually were. nommal ChrIstIans, who are living with- Among these converts were men like out God today." Neander, the great church historian, Professor Bonfey, philologist, Sir Juli- Once again the old familiar Jewish us Benedict, the musician, Dr. Alfred sing-song! Has the author of this Edersheim, the Christian author, Sir article really investigated the expendi- William Herschell, the astronomer,

tures of the Protestant Churches of many thousands of Jews have come to America in their work for the Jews? a better understanding of Christianity It is very evident that he has not. and are opening mind and heart to If he should do so, he would get a the influence of that great Prophet of surprise, not at the vastness of the their people who has been such an unamount spent, but that it is so pitably speakable blessing to the whole world. small, and yet has been able to accom- These indirect results of a Christian plish so much. It is safe to say that ministry to the Jews would justify the total sum spent for Jewish work many times the expenditure of every by the thirty-eight Protestant denomi- dollar that has gone into the work. nations that form the Home Missions Council would not pay the salaries of 3. "I indict it because it is un-Christen prominent New York rabbis for tian. Anyone who believes in the hand of God in history must glimpse His pura single year! pose to preserve Israel and once more And as to waste, it is never easy to establish them in the land which their fathers made the Holy Land for Jews estimate spiritual values in material and Christians alike." terms. In some of our far-fiung foreign mission fields, years passed be- If Dr. Hunt could establish that fore a single convert was won. Yet charge it would end missionary work we have not heard of any denomina- among Jews at once and forever. No tion denouncing this expenditure of church and no individual Christian Christian money and effort as "waste." would engage in such effort if it could The missionaries were sowing seed for be shown as he declares, that it is a future harvest, they were breaking subversive of the divine purpose for down prejudice, making helpful con- Israel and is in reality a "fight against tacts, educating the people, and in- the manifest will of God." terpreting to them Christ and Christianity. Such service in the eyes of But from whence has this anti-mis- Christians, will never be called sionary indictment been derived? Once again, from the Jews. Every Jewish "waste." youth is instructed that God's purpose So it is in work for the Jews. for his people can only be fulfilled as they remain faithful to Moses and un- Though it is quite as fruitful as most contaminated by Christianity. It is evangelistic work for "nominal Chris- the same old utterance, but this time tians, who are living without God to- strange to say, the voice is that of a day," and in whom Dr. Hunt seems "Christian" made audible through a to be so tremendously concerned, yet Jewish megaphone. the service of missionaries among the Jews covers a much wider range. In- It is only necessary to ask this simgrained prejudices must be removed ple question: is it true? With the –often prejudices deliberately fos- New Testament in our hands, it is tered by the synagogue; the mission- not difficult to find the answer. This aries must teach the people the truth work of seeking to win the Jews has about Christ and Christianity, which behind it the command of the Master, has been so long withheld from them; His own example and that of all the they have to create good will, a good Apostles. Even the great Apostle to will that is real and abiding because the Gentiles made it his practice to it ignores no fundamental issue and give the Gospel "to the Jew first," goes to the very heart of the problem. never thinking that in so doing he Because of this service tens of thou- was working against God's manifest sands of Christians in all parts of the purpose for Israel, but profoundly concountry now cherish a real love for the vinced that Christ holds in His hand Jews, and would gladly share with the future of His people, and that them their chief treasure-the knowl- there is no high place for the Jew in edge and faith of Jesus Christ our the purpose of God in Palestine or Lord. And because of this service anywhere else apart from Jesus

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Christ. The Apostle looked forward But American freedom has also prewith assurance to a glad time when served to every religion the right to "all Israel shall be saved," and when propagate its faith. The Mormon, the at last his people coming into step Mohammedan, the Hindu have perfect with the purpose of God, will be to liberty to preach their particular docthe whole world as "life from the trines. The Theosophist, the Christian dead." Scientist, the Roman Catholic, enjoys equally with the Protestant the right Verily, upon this Christian ministry to win converts to his cause. The Jew rests, in a peculiar way, the blessing also, wherever he wishes, can go out of the God of Israel, and behind it and seek to extend the faith of Moses are His unfailing promises. So when as widely as he pleases, and Christians there comes to us in this generation will utter no protest. That is one of a voice saying "I indict," in which we our American privileges. see the purpose of God for Israel moving forward steadily to its ful- The difficulty is that Jews wish to filment, we can only refer the utterer be considered a people apart, and deto an occasion long ago when a ruler mand that all propaganda shall stop of the Jews said to two followers of at their door. Christianity can never Jesus engaged in the same work, "I enter into any such compact. It is a indict," and they replied: "Whether it missionary religion offered to people be right in the, sight of God to hearken of every race, color and creed. To unto you more than unto God, judge pass the Jew by would be to discrimye, for we cannot but speak the things inate against him. We establish our which we have seen and heard." churches in mixed communities where all sorts of people live. We announce 4. "I indict it because it is un-Ameri- our services and frequently add the can in that it ignores the values of the invitation, "Everybody Welcome." synagogue in making godly citizens and Would not the Jews feel that they in the furthering of many good causes were discriminated against if beneath for the betterment of the community." that invitation were placed the words, "Except Jews"? One can only marvel that any American professed follower of the Great- Moreover, the Christian religion est Jew of History could be induced dare not pass the Jews by. The comto repeat this oft-repeated Jewish can- mand of its Founder forbids it, its ard. Since when has the Christian universal claims demand the presenta- Church ignored the synagogue? or tion to Jews as to others, and the failed to recognize its place in our identification of its own future with American life? or interfered with it that of the race of Jesus, all present an in the fulfilment of its ministry to its unanswerable' and urgent appeal to own people? Does not the Jew possess find some way to bring this highly every civil, political, and religious gifted people into accord with the right enjoyed by the rest of us? He divine purpose, so that Jews and can build his synagogues, worship the Christians together, in happy accord, God of his fathers in perfect freedom, may move forward for the redempwitness to his faith, propagate it and tion of America and of the world. can even say many things about Christianity that are not so without inter- J. S. c. ference. The overwhelming Christian majority in this country, when its "The highest service a man can rennational foundations were laid, made der to his fellow man is to pray for provision for that religious liberty him. Work backed up by prayer is which the Jew now so fully enjoys, too often the practice, if not the ideal and today Christians will stand with of the Church: if the world is to be him side by side for the maintenance won, that order must be reversed and of these rights should they even be the Church learn to depend on prayer, threatened. backed up by work."-E. S. Woods.

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, New

MAKING THE MISSIONARY ENTERPRISE LIVE IN YOUR CHURCH THE PERFECT FURLOUGH of life are in a country where you visit and do not live. By REV. JAMES B. RODGERS, D.D., Manila, Philippine Islands How to get 80% or even greater value out of a furlough is a problem. I T IS very delightful to dream about Perhaps one may say that a perfect one's coming furlough to the home- furlough does not exist; but there land. "My own, my native land" are certain principles which may help seems very attractive from the other the missionary coming home on his side of the world, and then the thrill furlough and enable him to make the when the shores arise and the Golden best possible use of his months in the Gate appeaI:s, or perhaps the Statue United States.

of Liberty waves a welcome; what First of all, a furlough to be worth missionary has not felt it? while should be earned. The Fourth This furlough toward which we Commandment enjoined six days solid have been looking with longings is work as well as one day's thorough going to correct all our troubles, is rest. One cannot enjoy a vacation sure to be an unadulterated pleasure unless he can take it with a clear and perhaps a panacea for the per- conscience. On the eve of my first plexities that have been with us dur- furlough I remember the horror of ing the years on the field; but there finding myself in my dreams on the is a tinge of disappointment in spite streets of New York but with the of the warmest of welcomes and the very bitter consciousness that I had most cordial of hospitalities. One is fled from duty.

a visitor and has no part in the life In the second place, a furlough of the home and town. He feels rest- should be planned for. The vacation less. The visions of the past do not months are just as much a part of materialize, and then again, before our service as the years on the field.

one went to the field, he could move We must no more think of wasting about readily and freely with no par- them than we should think of idling ticular ties. A vacation was a time through the years abroad. The duties of utter freedom from responsibility, will be different, responsibilities less; but the furlough vacation carries with burdens will change, but they will it its own responsibilities. The pres- exist. A furlough is a detail. One ence of two or three little children in is transferred from the line to the the family curtails that freedom. staff; from the front line to the serv- Shall one roam about the country to ice of supply. In order to make the leave his wife and babies to get along best use of these months of furlough the best they can? That would be one should carefully plan and attempt selfish. Furloughs are often a time to fully realize the purpose of the of the heaviest responsibilities and furlough.

the greatest cares, so that in planning In the third place, there is the ques- for a furlough one must take into tion of physical recuperation. One's consideration the fact that all one's vitality is usually lowered by the cli- responsibilities and all the difficulties mate and environment of the field sta- 208

METHODS FOR WORKERS

tion. The body is like a soorage being able from a distance to review battery that needs recharging. One the work of the years on the field and must deliberately plan such occupa- to see how God has blessed it. tions and such surroundings as will restore lost vitality. In conclusion, a furlough is a fail- ure that does not give full opportunity , One hardly needs mention the bur- to gain the spiritual blessings that den of months without definite em- come through association with one's ployment, and no one will confuse rest fellow Christians. During my furwith laziness. It would be helpful if loughs I have counted it as a matter the field-work during furlough could of great privilege to catch the thrill be done systematically and not spas- of the call, to have revived in my modically. One's vitality is often re- heart the lure of the field; then one stored as is the battery, by activity goes back with new courage, new faith, and motion. The association with peo- new power, and his well-earned furple of his kind, the possibility of be- lough has been well spent. ing in touch with the great movements of one's own country, the new ac- So it's home again, and home again, quaintanceships one makes and the America for me! new friendships, all serve to add to his stock of strength. Deputation My heart is turning home again, work, if wisely done, is not only a And there I long to be– benefit to the' cause at large but also to the individual who undertakes it. In the land of youth and freedom- His contact with the church groups Beyond the ocean bars, of men and women is one of the greatest blessings of the furlough time. Where the air is full of sunlight And the flag is full of stars. Fourth. Of late years the theory has been advanced that the first term 'Vhen having a missionary in your church of service is a time of preparation for have :you ev(~r had a soulful and interpretive the fullest work and because this is soloist to sing Dr. Henry VanDyke's, "America so, it is the desire of the Mission for Me"? It is to he found in almost any first Boards that the first furlough so far class music store: if not locally obtainable as possible be spent in further study; onler from Miss Annie G. Bailey. 581 Boylston the physician in Medical College; the St['eet, Boston, Mass. Price 15c. evangelist in. Theological Seminary; the teacher in a Teachers' College. "MURERA BARANDA"-.AN AFRICA When the missionary first goes to the field he scarcely knows what form of DEMONSTRATION service he may be best fitted for; his first term teaches him. The furlough By MRS. DONALD FRASER should be given to specializing along this line. Author of the chapter, "The Doctor as Friend" in "Friends of Africa." Fifth. If possible, it is a good thing for the missionary to spend a Written for the Northfield School few weeks near the Board headquar- of Missions by Mrs. Donald Fraser of ters. He needs to understand the Glasgow, formerly a Scotch Presbyproblems that confront those who are terian missionary in Livingstonia. working at the home-base. It gives one a sense of God's presence quite The name Murera Baranda means as much as the miracles that we see "The Nurse of the Orphans"-an Afin our field of work. Another source rican term for God. of inspiration comes from looking back over the term of service just Needed-Basin and towel, spear, club passed. One of the greatest blessings or long stick-a little bundle to reprethat coming home brings is that of sent baby, tea tray and two cups.

4 Setting-Native village. Women pounding and cooking. Young Missionary (Y. M.) sits on African drum writing. Sound of singing beyond- Tune-"Jesus Loves Me." 1. Yesu wa ndidisa 'ni Bible ra ndi udza 'ri Vana wa no mnda wo Yesu n no wada woo Choj'us- Yesu wa ndida, Yesu wa ndida,

Yesu wa ndida, O. M. to Native Girl-"Would you Wa wada wose woo like to taste our salt 1"

(It ceases and murmur of voices is Native Girl-"EeVery much." (she heard.) comes forward with hands cupped to- gether.) Older missionary enters-"I've just been looking into the Senior School. Old Missionary-"It is sugara." Ellen is bringing a cup of tea, then (Puts a spoonful or two of sugar in we'll attend to some medical cases." her hand.) While this conversation is going on Native Girl imitates-"Su-ga-ra." people have been entering and sitting (Goes back to others and they each down. take a little out of her hand; she stands licking her empty palms vig- Young Missionary-"It's all just so orously.) thrilling-I've been putting it all down in my diary. But I do wish I could Patients speaking to one anothertalk to the people as you can. I'm so "Good-good-isn't that good?" glad you've brought me out on this little tour among the villages." (Old Missionary rises and brings forward basket or medicine chest and Old Mis8ionary-"I thought it would lays out bandages, dressing tray, botinterest you to be brought into close tles, etc. Young Missionary goes and contact with the people and see how brings kettle of water, basin and towthey live, how necessary it is to know el.) the language. Besides I wanted to get in touch with this group of vil- Old Missionary to woman with dirty lages, now that we have started a cloth over her head-"You come first school in this district." mama. It hurts your eyes to sit in the light, doesn't it?" (Enter girl with tea tray. They sit and drink.) Woman–"Very much, mama."

Old Missionary-"Here comes tea!" Old Missionar'lj-"Will you come and help me, Miss Brown, to hold her Description of gathering patients- eyelids, so? Every white man and woman in Africa must be more or Woman with cloth hanging over face less of a doctor." (Puts lotion in and head held down. eyes.) Woman with baby on back. "That's all now, mama. Come back Boy with leaf tied on bare leg which again tomorrow morning and bring has blood over it. a clean dish and a friend to learn what Another who moves in sitting posture to do and we'l! give you medicine to go -using hands, one foot, to move along; on with this washing and show her one leg covered by dirty wrapping held how to do it." out stiffly before him. He bites his lips in pain and says: "A-yi-Rote. we! A- Young Missionary-"Granny next!" yi-Rote. we!" (Helps blind woman forward.) An old blind woman holding on to end of stick led by child grasping the other Old Missionary (looking at eyes) end. "Alas granny, you are blind. Can you see anything with either of your eyes? (Old Missionary turns to them and The fire? My hands? (holding one greets them.) up before her eyes).

Patients (some clapping hands)- Granny-"The sun, yes. The fire, "Timboneni mose Yebo, mama. Tim- a little. Your hands, no." boneni, mose Yebo, mama." Old Missionary-"Granny, I can't (Young Missionary imitates their do anything for you here. You must rythmic clapping of hands. Patients come to my house for sick people. We watch and whisper together as Old must cut something out of your eyes Missionary and Young Missionary and then, I think, you'll be able to drink tea.) see again."

Old Missionary to Young Mi8sionary-"They think we are putting salt in our tea!"

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Granny-"I don't want you to cut Mgoniwabe. We see you Mgoniwabe.

me. I want you to put medicine for Where have you come from 1"

sight into my eyes." Old Man (sitting on haunches and Uld MiBsionary-"We can't do that. laying down bundle)-"Yebo. Ama- We must cut out what is shutting out rna. Did I know I would find you here'! the entrance of light into your eyes. I came from there." (Raising voice You needn't be afraid. Others older and pointing with lips, as is the Afrithan you have come and gone away can custom) "I went to see my son." seeing. You'll get food to eat and a blanket to cover you at night, and be Young Missionary (looking at bunvery comfortable. dle)–"Its a baby! truly, its a baby!"

Granny (shaking head disconsolate- Old Mis.~ionary-"A baby! What ly)-"It was medicine for sight I are you doing with a baby? Whose wanted." is it?" (Looking at it) "Why, its just newly born." Old Missionary to Young Missionary-"There's no use hustling her. Old Man-"I have shame, mama, Let her think it over and she'll come that a man should be carrying a baby. around." But, in the village where I slept last night the mother died when the baby Old Missionary (turns to boy with was born, the heathen women said the bandaged leg-begins to remove cov- baby would of course die too. I ering)-"Now let's see your sore." begged them to bring it to you, but they laughed and refused. They would Young Missionary (putting hand- not believe me when I told them that kerchief to her nose to cover smell)- you could save motherless babies. But "Oh, how can you stand it! and-it-is- I was sorry that this baby should die.

crawling!" I asked them to let me take it to you."

Old Missionary (down on her knees Old MisBionary-"You've carried it beginning to wash the sore)-"I all that way yourself? Twenty-five know; these sores used to make me miles! Has it had any food 7"

literally sick, they sometimes do still. Old Man-"Only some water mama."

But do you remember a poem of Whit- (Speaking proudly) "I remembered tier's? It goes something like this: that you don't approve of giving In me thou lovest me. I call solid food to babies and I could get Thee to love me in all. no milk."

Lord I will love thee as I can Old MissionarY-"Splendid! Now In every fellow man. we must try to feed it. I wish I had All sick, all suffering, all who ache. a feeding bottle here. Miss Brown- Lend all for my sake, Lord. I will see you've a fountain pen filler, haven't In every sufferer-Thee." you? May I have the rubber off it?

I'll improvise one with that and a med- (Continuing)-"I always have to icine bottle!"

keep reminding myself: IN EVERY (Young Missionary brings filler; SUFFERER-THEE." Old Missionary goes away for a mo- (To boy, as she finishes bandaging) ment while Young Missionary lifts -"Now, you too must come to the up baby-others gather around to look hospital to get your leg put right. at it.) You aren't afraid?" Old Missionary (Coming back; sits Boy (cheerily) – "Would I be down on floor and takes baby on knee) afraid? Do I not want to be able to -"Now for baby's supper." (natives walk?" gather nearer, stare, cover their Old Man (enters with spear and mouths with their hands to express club, carrying clumsily something astonishment. Boy with bad leg wrapped in a bit of old calico)- laughs aloud. Exclamations of "Hullo!" "Barna!" Two women turn to each Old Mis8ionary-"Hullo! Here's other and grasp hands.)

YIJIII1Y Missionaru–"H is eating beautiful name you Africans have beautifully." found for God. Of course all we his children everywhere must help Him Woman 'It';lh /w/I!I-"Thc wisdom in that work. But go now and thank of the white woman! Did any of us Murera Baranda." black people ever know that you could turn a bottle into a mother?" Woman with baby goes to prayers in direction of drum beats. Mission- Old Man-HCan I go now?" aries gather their things together and Young Missionary-"Yes, Mgoni- quickly repack the medicine chest. wabe. We'll look after your baby. They leave for the hospital carrying Travel well!" the baby. Old Man (rising from ground)- "Now I am a man again. Goodbye Note: Clothing of natives need conmy mothers." (Bending forward and sist only of cloth wound about body as clapping his hands in salutation.) seen in African pictures. Old Missionary-"Mgoniwabe, you were a man and a brave man not even Do not use any form of blacking; afraid of laughter when you fetched use only cocoa colored cream on exposed away this baby. And you were a-a- parts of body. Study prayerfully to real Christian. Tell them we'll be bring out the pathos which is hidden in back home tomorrow, Paweme." every word and line of this unusual (Drum b~ats are heard.) picture. Old Missionary to others-"Now your teacher is calling you all to If at all possible, have a woman phyprayers. Go and worship God. I can't sician or a trained nurse to take the part come tonight because I am going to of the doctor. attend to the baby. When you have worshiped, come back and we'll finish In no case use any chairs. Only the our medical work." one drum; and the doctor does all of (They turn to go-woman with her work from the ground. baby turns back.) Woman with baby-"Mama, what EFFEOTIVE OUTDOOR shall you call the baoy?" Old Missionary-"I don't know. EVANGELISM What name would you suggest?" Woman with baby-"Mwana wa What might be the result if during botele." the coming spring and summer there Young Missionary-"Mwa-what did should be developed by the Christian she say?" churches a great wave of outdoor Old Missionary (laughing gleefully) evangelism spreading from Los An- geles to New York and from Duluth -"Mwana wa botele! The bottle to New Orleans! baby!" (To the woman) "That will be quite a new name and a very good The following is finely suggestive one." as to how to organize for such a piece of work. Woman with baby-"We thank you, our mothers." John N. Wolf, Director of Evan- gelistic Work, National Bible Insti- Young Missionary-"What are they tute, New York, writes as follows: thanking us for? the sugar or the medicine?" The difference between effective and ineffective outdoor Gospel preaching Woman with baby-UNo, we are is measured by the hearing obtained thanking you in the name of the or- by the preacher for his message. phan baby." As the eternal welfare of souls de- pends upon the quality of the mes- Boy with bad leg-"You are Muli sage, much also depends upon whether Murera Baranda." or not those, for whom the message is intended, can be constrained to stop Old Missionary-"No, that is God. and listen. The natural man is not The nurse of the orphans-that is the interested in the Gospel. There are many things to distract and divert his attention. Satan is not willing that he should hear, consequently the Gos- pel preacher needs to exercise much

METHODS FOR WORKERS

wisdom and at times ingenuity, as did duct a meeting without a permit, some the Apostle who caught them with unpleasantness with the local officer guile, to gain attention and give the is liable to be the result. A permit Holy Spirit an opportunity to convict saves from many petty annoyances. and convert. Often unruly or drunken men in the crowd make it impossible to continue The following are a few sugges- but such disturbances have often been tions, out of many years' experience overcome by producing the permit and in outdoor Gospel preaching, to those appealing to the audience for fair play. who would obey the Master's command This hardly ever fails to bring results to go out into the highways and by- but as a last resort one can always ways: appeal to a policeman, who is com- pelled to honor the permit and protect 1. SELECTING THE LOCATION the meeting.

The first important question when A permit also assures the location. one goes fishing is, "Where do the fish The Freethinkers and I. W. W.'s and congregate?" If possible, secure a others often discovered that we had quiet place away from the noise of a good place and planned to steal it cars and traffic, but make sure the by getting there a little ahead of our people will be there. Some of our scheduled time, but in such a case, if most fruitful meetings have been con- remonstrance fails, the permit holder ducted right under the din of the can appeal to the police. Always make elevated trains. sure that you have the permit with you. Select a spot that will not cause the crowd to block the entrance of a store 3. ARRANGING THE ORDER OF SERVICE or that will prevent a show window from being in full view; for if you Be assured that nothing really worth do you will have a protest from a while ever "just happens." If you merchant, unless he is in hearty sym- would have an acceptable meeting, give pathy with you. Select a street wide attention to small details. Plan the enough for wagons to pass. This les- outfit. If possible have some musical son we learned as follows: It was a instrument. The more unusual it is hot summer's day, at the noon hour the more helpful it will be in attradin New York City's great financial ing persons to the meeting. district, and we found an invitinglooking, little street shaded and quiet. A stand for the speaker is essential. A large crowd gathered and everything It enables him to both see and be seen seemed fine, but just as we were giv- and to make himself heard. If there ing the invitation and the Spirit was is no stand available, the leader can evidently working, a large truck came go to almost any storekeeper and eialong, dispersed the crowd and brought ther borrow, or, for a few cents, buy our meeting to an abrupt end. a box on which to stand. The man en a stand above the heads ef the The corner is usually a better place crowd will always have a larger audithan the church steps. The unbeliever ence than the one who insists on speakand sinner is quite likely to pass right ing on the ground. by a meeting in front of a church, but will stop at a meeting on a corner. Many souls have been brought to the Light by means of the printed 2. SECURE A PERM IT page. For an outdoor meeting, one should always have a large supply of A permit a~~ures one of the Police Gcspel tracts and Scriptu re portions. Department's recognition of the meel- TheRe, however, should not be dising. We are to be subject to the pow- tJ'ibuted while the message is being er~ that be. Tn mOHt plae€s the Poliee delivered as it will distract the atten- Department requires one to have a tion of the audience. When distributpermit to conduct outdoor, religious ing, the workers should be stationed meetings. If it is attempted to con-

on either side of the street and a dis- apologies for conditions beyond your tance from the meeting, or else wait control. 8. Don't engage in argument.

until the close of the meeting. 9. Don't lose your temper. 10. Don't There seems to be a natural impulse, set yourself up as a good example.

with most persons, to gather behind 11. Don't read lengthy Bible passages.

the speaker. This is a great mistake; 12. Don't offer long prayers. 13.

for the stranger does not want the Don't preach too long.

front place at an outdoor meeting any USE OF MISSIONARY PICTURES more than he wants the front seat in church. The average man will not 1. Place on walls of room-pinning stand in front of a group, except at to curtains, etc., pictures of missiona distance, but will come up close, if aries and mission workers-having he can stand behind someone. There- each numbered. Give to each person fore, the wise leader will arrange his taking part a paper with numbers, and ask him to write the name of workers in front. The sympathetic missionary opposite to proper numfaces in front will encourage the ber. speaker, and, as a crown always gathers a crowd, the group in front will 2. A TRIP TO INDIA-or other act as a magnet to attract the stran- field, Home or Foreign. Pin to curgers. tains pictures of towns (numbered) The singers should know what they to be visited en route from the church are going to sing, so there will be or home from which the tour starts no embarrassing pauses caused by the (this will include the home church, nervous fumbling of hymn books, etc. one or two familiar scenes near home; several scenes in Chicago; interest- The meeting should go on without any ing places en route to coast; ship, break whatsoever. The majority of etc.) outdoor attendants are on their way somewhere, and every pause in the Pictures of general and church in- meeting serves as a reminder of their terest in the field studied, with picerrand and limited time, and, as a tures of mission workers, etc.; pictures of interesting cities en route rule, they are not slow to act. home, via Pacific. Each person taking The personal workers, and every part has sheet of paper, with numbers, meeting should have them, must be beside which he writes name of place ready to get in personal touch with to correspond with picture numbered. any who show signs of interest or Sheets may be exchanged and corthose who respond to the invitation. rected; or each correct his own, as They should get their names and ad- the leader reads the correct answers. dresses so that they can be followed There is hardly a limit to which this up and established. may be used.

The speaker's message should be 3. Pin on back of individual card prepared, as there are many disturb- bearing name of missionary (or a ances to divert thought. If he at- country.) The bearer may ask questempts to speak without preparation, tions, to which he may receive a "yes" his audience will quickly discover it. or "no,"-but nothing else. From this The outdoor audience is a most crit- information he must determine who ical audience. he is (or what country it is). When DON'TS FOR OUTDOOR SPEAKERS he determines this, the card is pinned 1. Don't criticize fellow Christians. on his breast.

2. Don't be personal in remarks. 3. 4. Have groups gather around small Don't give offense to any nationality tables on which are placed missionary or creed. 4. Don't discuss debated magazines (illustrated) with scissors, doctrines. 5. Don't discuss politics. paste and sheets of paper size of the 6. Don't waste time giving good ad- magazine. Call one table "India," an- vice on hygiene, etc. 7. Don't make other "China," another "Children's

METHODS FOR WORKERS

THE OGONELFIlR':v:~"" IS S THE MILL..

THIiT IiNY DAY THE LITTLE ,","'.I"""""'.r.I.A:,tI."

CIlN LOOK OUT, /lND SEE ~. 7HEMEN ') lIT PL/lY!

These posters may be used in connection with the study of child labor in Dr. Shriver's, "What Next in Home Missions" and in Dr. Oxnam's, "Youth and the New America."

If these posters are made in colors by an artist who is sympathetically interpretive, and placed in one of the "thoroughfares" of your church their silent teaching will mold sentiment and action.

Stories," another "Best Methods," etc. Tho Clouds in their darkness may gather, Have each group prepare several pages And ages in turn pass away, for the new magazine which is to be Unaltered as laws of creation launched. Then call the groups to- The Lights of the firmament stay, gether, and have the different editors Let the nations whose banners are wavexplain the pictures chosen. ing Song Those emblems of beauty and light, Stand firm for protection united (Tune: Three Cheers for the Red, As follow the day and the night. White and Blue.) CHORUS (Sung on all passenger ships of T. K. K. Line at least once between San Hurrah! For the Sun and the Stars Francisco and Yokohama.) Banzai! For the Stars and the Sun; Deep down in all hearts it is written, '£he God of the Nations Is One The Life of the Nations is One. The sun and the stars in the heavens United in radiance shine. Tho language and customs may differ, Their light, like a mantle of glory, Tho kingdoms their courses have run, Descends as a blessing divine. Tho races and people have altered, Let the nations whose banners are wav- O'er all shine the Stars and the Sun; Let the Nations whose banners are wav- ing, The Sign of the Stars and the Sun, ing Give light to the earth and its people. The symbols that never shall cease. United in purpose as One. Insure for the earth and its people The blessings of safety and peace. CHORUS CHORUS Hurrah! For the Sun and the Stars, Banzai! For the Stars and the Sun, Hurrah! For the Sun and Stars Inscribed on the skies it is written. Banzai! For the Stars and the Sun; Enshrined in all Life it is written, The Heart of the Nations is One. The God of the Nations is One.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York LEGISLATIVE MATTERS to take cognizance of three compara- Report, Committee of Connell of Women for tively recent occurrences. Home Missions, AIrs. Samuel Semple, Chairman. presented at Annual Meeting, Atlantic City, The first is the result of the nation- N. J., January, 1929. al election in November. Certain ex- Your committee has comparatively tremely vocal elements in the political little of direct action to report. Be- world (regardless of party associa- tions) insisted that that election cause the Council is an interwoven should be considered a popular refbody, made up of organizations which, erendum on the liquor question. taken together, cover the whole coun- While such a referendum in due form try, the matter of legislation must was not provided for at that time, necessarily come before it chiefly as and while the recent election was afregards federal action. Because, in fected by many cross-currents of poaddition to this, the field of its cor- litical, personal, and popular opinion, porate legislative interest must be those who demanded that the results carefully defined and limited, it is ob- of the election should serve as a refviously proper that the subjects on erendum received small comfort from which such joint interest may be ex- the event. An analysis of the results pressed are but few. It is also obvious of the election fail to justify in any that the subjects selected should be particular the claim that there is a those directly and plainly related to general revolt against actual prohihuman welfare measured on the Chris- bition in this country. Aside from the tian basis. item of the presidential contest itself, with its implications concerning pro- At the present time the four sub- hibition, it is noteworthy that, in conjects selected by the Council as be- gressional contests where that issue longing in a category so outlined are: was involved, the "dry" contestant Indian Welfare, Prohibition, the World won out; and the outstanding. expo- Court, and Child Labor. nents of the "wets" were defeated.

On Indian Wel/are the Council for- The second point of recent interest mally presented a petition to the Congressional Committee on Appropriations, asking for more adequate is the Durant award, with the plan for financial provision for the teaching better prohibition enforcement sub- staff of Indian schools, in order that mitted by Mr. Chester P. Mills. The better equipped teachers may be se- emphasis in that plan upon the weak- cured for those institutions. The pe- ness in the handling of permits for tition was cordially received, and the the distribution of industrial alcohol promise given to do all possible in calls attention to the responsibility of that line. the treasury department in granting On Prohibition the Council is and supervising such permits. That pledged to the support and defense of department insists that past defects the Eighteenth Amendment, and of in the syste:n have been remedied, and the Volstead Act. During the past that the present real trouble in enyear, in spite of much discussion and forcement lies in liquor smuggled from many verbal attacks, there has been abroad over land or sea· boundaries. no actual legislative attack on either This difference of opinion amou~ts of these items in our federal legisla- to an agreement that these two sources tion. In view of the continuous threats of illicit liquor are the sore spots Of such procedure, however, it is well ill the enforcement of the law, and 216 the roots of that business known gen- business this Resolution is in abeyance, erally as bootlegging. but at intervals shows signs of life. Its prominence has been over-shad- The third point to be observed is owed for the present by the Pact of the decision of the federal district Paris, popularly known as the Briandcourt at Philadelphia that in court Kellogg Multilateral Treaty for the handling of liquor cases the buyer, Renunciation of War as an instrument as well as the seller of oootieg liquors of national policy. may be indicted for breaking the law if any degree of transportation is in- Though this treaty has not been volved. formally included in the Council's au- thorization for legislative action, it is This calls sharp attention to the in every way SD allied to the interests fact that it takes two to make a boot- marked out fDr this committee that leggeI'; and should bring home to the actiDn supporting the treaty was asconscience of the nation the fact that sumed to be in line with the commitlaw observance is as much a part of tee's duty. Every opportunity for such national probity as is law enforcement. support has been seized. While keeping guard over the Eighteenth Amendment and its enforcing On Child Labor the situation in fedlegislation, this Council should also eral legislation has also been one of insist, in its teachings and influence, "watchful waiting." The Child Labor upon the responsibility of organiza- Amendment proposed for the federal tions and individuals for law observ- constitution is still alive, but no recent ance. The General Council of the progress in its ratification can be re- Presbyterian Church has asked that ported. In the field of state legisla- Sunday, March third of the coming tion cDncerning child labDr, it can be year be observed as Law Observance reported that improvements to some Sunday throughout that denomination; degree have been made during the and it is hoped that other churches last bi-ennium in Alabama, Connectimay adopt the same plan. cut, District of Columbia, Georgia, Louisiana, Maine, Minnesota, New On the World Court the Council is Jersey, New York, North Carolina, pledged to the support of all measures Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island. Most that may lead to adherence of the Unit- of these improvements have been efed States to the Permanent Interna- fected by direct legislation, some by tional Court of Justice, established broader construction of existing laws under a provision of the League of by States' Attorneys General, and s~me Nations, with its entirely independent by advanced rulings of State Comexistence located at the Hague. The missions or Industrial Boards. CDmfacts that such a court has been in- plementary to such advance in cluded in the dreams of American legislation bearing directly on Child statesmen since the days of William Labor is legislation on compulsory Penn, and that this particular court schoDI attendance; and in certain owes its set-up largely to American states advance has been made in that leadership and legal acumen seem suf- line. finient justifieati~n for the Council's support. The distinguished service Also bearing Dn the whole subject, of the Hon. John Bassett Moore as and laying foundation for future wisone of its first judges, now to be er legislation are the careful studies followed by that of the Hon. Charles and surveys of child labor that have Evans Hughes, should further recom- been made' in different sections of the mend it to American judgment. eounh'Y, some by private organiza- tions, some by state bureaus. and some The Gillette Resolution, now before by, or with the aid of. federal agencies Congress, provides for our country's Among these special mention may be adherence to this Court. It has re- made of studies in Pennsylvania and ceived support from your committee. Mississippi. The Pennsylvania study In the present press of Congressional

is noteworthy because it was under- tablished work for migratory children taken jointly by the Bureau of Women employed with their parents, or at and Children in Industry and the State least shifting with their parents in Department of Public Instruction, and the many seasonal occupations in difthe information was secured directly ferent parts of the country, will be from the little workers of the State bills aimed to prevent the premature who, under its law, are in attendance employment of such children, and to upon continuation school eight hours secure for them the advantage of coneach week. The naive replies to some tinued education. It is planned, for of the questionnaires filled out by the instance, that a simultaneous effort children were windows into their lives shall be made in Pennsylvania, Maryand worlds. land, and New Jersey to secure the passage of a law in each state under Allied with legislation on child la- which no nonresident child shall be bor are certain movements in the ed- employed during the time when the ucational world concerned with the laws of his resident state require his development of vocational training attendance in school. The desirability and guidance. There is also indica- of such regulation jointly enacted is tion of an interest in a revival of demonstrated by the migrations of exact apprenticeship, under modern working children across state boundconditions, and under the safeguard- aries in thickly populated sections of ing of the state. A round table dis- the country. Incidently such a situcussion on apprenticeship was a ation furnishes one of the best argufeature of the recent meeting of the ments for federal regulation of child National Vocational Educational As- labor. sociation held in Philadelphia. Wisconsin already has an apprenticeship Recommendations law whereby the state and the child's legal guardians (parents or otherwise) 1. Continuance of interest in Inenter into an agreement with the em- dian education. ployer as to the young person's industrial training. 2. That Law Observance Sunday on March 3d be urged, and its use ex- All this is of special importance as tended. That that phase of the presindication of the growing conviction ent situation-i. e. law observancethat the problem of child labor legis- be incorporated in as many programs lation is not merely negative and re- of all church women's organizations strictive. It must be increasingly as possible, this to be considered an constructive and educational. educational campaign to protect our existing prohibition legislation. The Council and its constituent membership should maintain a con- 3. That interest in the Briand-Kelsistent interest in this subject through logg Multilateral Treaty be continued, residents in the various states. Most urging its ratification by the Senate; advance in child labor legislation has that the World Court be continuously come through agitation in individual supported; and that any similar fedstates, working toward a general eral propositions looking toward imstandard. To quote, "The best results proved international relations that will not be attained until the people may develop during the year, and that in their thinking come to want higher meet with the approval of the Adminstandards so much that their wants istrative Committee of the Council, will become a popular demand upon shall be supported. the legislature." 4. That Council constituents in all January will see the convening of parts of the country, and individual many state legislatures, and items church women be urged to study child concerning child labor will come be- labor legislation in their individual fore many of them. Of particular states and support the best items of interest to the Council, with its es- such programs.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN. 419 Fourth Avenue. New York THE DETROIT MEETING wife of the resident Bishop of Detroit, gave a word of welcome and intro- The Foreign Mi….ion Conference of duced Mrs. Silverthorn who spoke of North AlUerica and the Federation her experiences at Jerusalem where of Woman'. Board.. of Foreign fifty-one nations were represented and Milsions where forty women from East and West lived together in one hut for Detroit was a new experience for the Foreign Missionary groups. The two weeks. Mrs. Silverthorn stressed annual meetings are usually held (Jan- the unity in diversity. the realization uary 14-18) in a quiet place apart of the common task for Christians from the hurry and turmoil of the the world around-that of making the city. The work of women has been Lord known-and the best methods to considered in separate meetings of find the facts and to demonstrate the the Federation although a few wom- power of the Christian message by en have been among delegates and daily living the Christ life. Mrs. Silofficers of the Foreign Missions Con- verthorn expressed her own feeling ference. This year because for both that the oriental women she met at the men and women the Jerusalem meet- Jerusalem Council were "quite our ing of the International Missionary peers" and emphasized the fact that Council was to be the basis of the we are working together as equalsprogram, joint sessions seemed desir- not patrons but partners.

able and it was so arranged. In order Dr. Jones out of a rich experience to eliminate certain difficulties con- during twenty-one years in India picnected with race relations it was de- tured the life there in its great con- cided to go to the Statler Hotel in trasts. There is extreme poverty and Detroit. Perhaps the experience was amazing wealth; there is meditation on the spiritual and yet a belief that good for us and we were glad to see physical water can cleanse from spirso many new faces but we found our- itual sin; there woman has had her selves nearer to "The Sidewalks of most difficult time and yet the Taj New York" than seemed helpful to Mahal was erected to the memory of our meditations a{.ld deliberations.

Preliminary meetings of the Fed- a woman and today a woman, Madam eration for business were held on Mon- Sarojini Naidu, now in this country, day and Tuesday morning. A luncheon has been president of the National for women Monday noon at which E. Congress of India. Sex relations at Stanley Jones and Mrs. E. H. Silver- their best and at their worst may be thorn were the speakers was attended found in India. Everything is chang- by more than a thousand women. In ing in India today. every custom is in the absence of Mrs. William Edgar the melting pot. Youth is eager.

Geil, president of the Federation who There is need not of blind credulity was detained by illness, Mrs. Daniel but a faith, open-eyed, unafraid. In J. Fleming was the very gracious pre- the presence of Jesus Ghrist Dr. Jones siding officer. Mrs. Brennan, the presi- would have us all face this changing dent of the Detroit Federation, was life and to women he made special introduced. Mrs. Thomas Nicholson, appeal to remember what woman owes president of the Woman's Foreign to Jesus. Missionary Society of the Methodist On Monday night a beautiful hour Episcopal Church, member of the In- of music and meditation had been ternational Missionary Council and planned. Mrs. Charles Kirkland Roys 219

and Miss Helen Kitteredge gave out classes, including the farmer commuof the richness of their own lives. nities. It is Mr. Yen's purpose not only to educate, but to Christianize At the annual meeting of the Fed- and one of the most gratifying things eration on Tuesday morning Mrs. J 08- that happened at Detroit was accomephine Stearns, the executive secretary plished by Miss Clementina Butler of the New National Commission of who secured from individuals $500.00 Protestant Church Women, of which with which to put "Happy Childhood," the Federation is a part, spoke of the a Christian magazine, at the disposal work ahead and of the way by which of Mr. Yen in his work among the the women had come to form this masses in China. commission. Much time and thought on the part of the Federation and of Africa and China received special the Council of Women for Home Mis- attention but for the most part the sions have gone into defining the re- time was given to topics of world-wide lationship and it is hoped that the concern. The address of the Reverend real interest of Christian women may J. W. Holley, D.D. was most illumibe set forward in using this new ma- nating and convincing. The other chinery. speakers who had attended the con- ference in Africa testified to what the The joint program of the Foreign presence of Dr. and Mrs. Holley meant Missions Conference began Tuesday to the African people. To see two of afternoon with the prayer service con- their own race so well equipped proved ducted by Bishop Nicholson. Dr. Dif- one of the most striking testimonies fendorfer, chairman of the Committee to the power of the Gospel. Miss on Arrangements, spoke briefly of the Lucy Wang with exquisite simplicity character and purpose of the meeting told how she became a Christian. and expressed the hope that this meet- Many of us felt with the chairman of ing might assume knowledge of the the Conference, Rev. James 1. Vance, Jerusalem recommendations and go D.D., that if we had heard nothing forward to action. Analysis of pres- else at this meeting it was worth the ent trends and attitudes toward For- expense of coming to Detroit to see eign Missions were discussed by Mr. and hear such a Christian leader as C. H. Fahs, Miss Gertrude Schultze, Miss Lucy Wang, President of Hwa Dean T. W. Graham, and the Rev- Nan, the Woman's College in Fooehow. erend E. Stanley Jones. The Christian Message was dis- An outstanding speaker, Mr. Y. C. cussed before the whole group very J ames Yen, who has demonstrated his ably by Dr. Robert E. Speer, Mrs. theories in his own country, spoke on Thomas Nicholson, Dr. Halford E. "Meeting the Needs of Rural Popu- Luceock and in smaller sectional meetlations." Mr. Yen is the originator ings the following topics were conand leader of mass education in China. sidered: Religious Education, Race Many regard his work as one of the Relations, Rural Life, Industry, Home great miracles of modern times. He Cultivation. At the last eveninf~ sesbegan with 300,000 Chinese coolies sion Dr. E. D. Soper spoke on "Inbehind the lines in the Great War in terpreting the New Attitude Toward France-men who could not read or Other Faiths," and Mr. Stanley High write. With 1,000 characters he made on "Interpreting Missions to Young it possible for those men to communi- People." cate with their families. When he returned to China he continued this Dr. Diffendorfer in presenting :1 work and today hundreds of thousands summary of Trends of Thinking dos-d of men and women in China, who with emphasis on ways to meet the grew up in illiteracy, are able to read Hituation. We mUHt get the factH. and write because of the consecration fare them and place them before thp of one man. This movement has public and cooperate in bringing them spread all over China among all to bear on future action.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

The retiring' chairman, Dr. Vance, of many who have not been touched in made a stirring address on the last any other way. The missionary motive morning. His successor, Miss Helen will permeate our churches and our civ- Calder, of the American Board, is the ilization only as it more completely perfirst woman president of the Foreign meates the lives of those who are Missions Conference. The joint meet- responsible for the conduct of missionary ings were closed Friday noon by a work. very inspiring address by Dr. James Endicott of the United Church of Ca- THE STANLEY JONES TESTI. nada. MONIAL DINNER In the afternoon another session of One thousand persons representing the Federation was held with the new president, Mrs. F. I. Johnson, in the twenty-four city, national and interchair, to complete business, accept the report of the Findings Committee an'd national organizations and numerous to hear from that celebrated medical missionary Dr. Ida Scudder something denominations tendered a testimonial of the progress of her work in the past twenty-five years in Vellore. dinner to Dr. E. Stanley Jones, the From no work and no workers to the fine new hospital that provides for 200 missionary, evangelist and author patients and a roadside work where 10,000 to 15,000 are treated annually from India, at the Waldorf-Astoria, is a long journey. Eight Western doctors and two Indian doctors carry New York, on January 11. It was one on. Dr. Scudder is eager to return to India but is in this country now to of the greatest tributes that the city help raise the needed endowment for this hospital. has ever paid to a religious leader.

We may close this report with the Some of his pointed sentences were as following extract from the Findings: follows: – We recommend that the Findings of the Jerusalem Conference be given a "What we are trying to do is to unique and vital place in the study and give India Christ and to let them inthinking of the Boards and of individ- terpret Him through their own genius ual Board members during the coming and life. If the East can show us weeks and months. something better than the Christ then we will sit at the feet of the East." These Findings and reports interpret the challenge of the Gospel message for "One of the first things that impels us here and now in the world as we us as missionaries is a basic belief in actually face it. Far more important men. The missionary enterprise beto the Foreign Missionary enterprise lieves in people, apart from race, birth than methods of education or plans for and color. It says there are no permapromotion of interest; far more im- nently inferior peoples. There are unportant than appeals to others for mon- developed races, but there are untold ey, for service or for life enlistment possibilities in every human personwould be the influence of a great host of ality. A negro preacher to the Amermissionary administrators and Board ican Indians laid the foundation of members whose lives in thought and ac- the missionary work of the Methodist tion constantly and increasingly reveal Church. A Mohammedan looked at the transforming power of Jesus Christ some of the outcastes of India who and His own passion for the redemption had been lifted out of their lowly conof the world. dition by Christian missionaries and said, 'Here you have turned animals We believe that the tender and compell- into men.''' ing force of such a witness as this, together with the new earnestness of in- Dr. Jones also says: "We believe dividual and united prayer which would there are three great elemental needs result, could not fail to carry the mis- of the East and West: an adequate sionary conviction deep into the hearts goal for character; a free, full life; God. We believe that Jesus in a su- preme way gives these three things.

..A brother of Tagore of India said, 'Jesus is ideal and wonderful, but you Christians-you are not like him.'''

AMERICA manlike policies and plans for

winning of America to Jesus Christ. HODle Missions Council Looking forward to this congress the Council is organizing in every state, AT THE Annual Meeting of the either a State Home Missions Coun- .tl Home Missions Council which cil, or as a Federation of Churches, with a strong home missions departwas held in the First Presbyterian ment. Eight new state home missions Church in Atlantic City, New Jersey, councils were organized during the January 8-10, 1929, the magnitude of past year and several others were rethe home mission enterprise was re- organized. Each state is to be survealed anew by the fact that there are veyed in detail, so that complete inseventy-two boards doing home mis- formation will be available concerning sionary work, and, of these, twenty- what has been done and what ought to eight report 15,608 workers, 28,175 be done, overlapping, underchurching, enterprises apd an expenditure of etc. The survey of New Hampshire forty-four and one-half million dol- has been completed and the report in lars. This work supports 14,721 printed form is available. Three comchurches and 6,847 preaching sta- missions, with more than one hundred tions. Truly the home missionary en- members, under strong leaderships, terprise is a great one. It is, as the are studying "The Task and Adminissecretary said, "big business." tration of Home Missions," "The Promotion of Home Missions," and The unfinished task of home mis- "Cooperation in Home Missions." sions was shown by the large number These commissions will report their of people in the homeland, divided into findings and make suggestions to the groups by language, occupation or lo- Washington Congress, so that a more cation, who are under-privileged, not united and adequate approach may be so much from the financial and social, made by Protestantism to the common as from the religious viewpoint. The task of making America Christian. list of these groups which are either wholly neglected or inadequately ministered to, religiously, is longer, and their needs are greater, than we are accustomed to think. The special at- AD1erican Jews tention of the Council was directed to these groups in both city and country, T HE United States had at the end and the facts presented revealed the of 1927 a Jewish population of 4,- situation that the unfinished task of 228,029, according to Dr. H. S. Linhome missions is still very great, and field, director of the statistical departthat the needs are demanding. ment of the American Jewish· Com- mittee. Many interesting facts have Plans for a better knowledge of the been brought to light. field of home missions and a more adequate occupation of the field were Not only has the United States by given the major emphasis of the Coun- far the largest Jewish population of cil. In 1930 there will be held in any country in the world, but this is Washington, D. C., a National Inter- even more phenomenally the most denominational Home Missions Con- prosperous. New York has 1,765,000 gress. The purpose of the Congress Jews-the largest community of Jews is to make a study of home mis- known in the history of the race. sionary needs and to outline states- While the Jews are still largely an 222

WORLb-WIlYE OUTLOOK

urban people, there is a marked tend- not a byword of reproach."-Record .

ency to disperse and move to smaller of Christian Work.

towns and rural areas. Jews are found in 3,943 rural incorporated vil- A Bottle Evangelist lages of 2,500 or less, and in 3,292 un- PROBABLY no method of spreading incorporated districts. Many of these the Gospel is more unique than the are engaged in agriculture. one followed by Miss Juniata Angle- myer, for forty years a helpless in- The total number of Jews in the valid of Fremont, Nebraska. Her United States is divided as follows: method is to seal printed tracts in bottles, and cast them on the waters 109,600 in rural areas. of the Platte River. She believes that 185,967 in towns of 2,500 and over. if anyone will read even a small por- 3,932,462 in cities of 25,000 and tion of Scripture the Truth will make over. its own appeal, for did not the Mas- More than two-thirds of entire J ew- ter say: "The words that I speak unto ish population reside in these eleven cities.

New York ……………. , 1,765,000 you, they are the spirit and they are Chicago ………………. 325,000 life." Philadelphia …………… 270,000 While in her teens, Miss Angle- Boston ……………….. 90,000 myer contracted arthritis, and for Cleveland …………….. 85,000 Detroit ………•……… 75,000 twenty-three years she lay in a Day- Baltimore .. :………….. 68,000 ton, Ohio hospital. By patient per- Los Angeles …………… 65,000 severance she has learned to write with an almost useless hand, her let- Newark. … ………… … 65,000 Pittsburgh ……………. 53,000 St. Louis …………….. , 50,000 ters so filled with light and the spirit -Our Jewish Neighbors. of faith that their influence is felt in far off places. It is a matter of pride The Negro Boy's Oa.th with her that she has improved and NEGRO boys are being taught the extended her work, sealing her bottles following oath, it is said: with waterproof material so that the "I will never bring disgrace upon contents may remain legible after bemy race by any unworthy deed or dis- ing in the water for years. Some honorable act. I will live a clean, de- have been tossed into the Pacific in cent life, and will ever respect and de- the hope that they may be washed to fend the virtue and honor of woman- some foreign shore, and she has had hood. I will uphold and obey the just letters of thanks, giving proof that laws of my country and of the com- her messages had been found.-The munity in which I live, and will en- King's Business.

courage others to do likewise. I will not allow prejudice, injustice, insult A New Mormon Utopia A or outrage to cower my spirit or sour NEW type of Utopia, in which every worker will be taxed all of my soul, but will ever preserve the inner freedom of heart and conscience. his earnings above the amount neces- I will not allow myself to be overcome sary to provide a living for his family, of evil, but will strive to overcome evil is to be established on a tract of 11,000 with good. I will endeavor to develop acres recently purchased in the Ozark and exert the best powers within me Mountains by the Reorganized Church for my own personal improvement, of Latter Day Saints. The colony, al- and will strive unceasingly to quicken though operated along communistic the sense of racial duty and responsi- lines, will depend upon the religious bility. I will in all these ways aim to standards of members rather than on uplift my race, so that to every one economic laws for success. Announce- bound to it by ties of blood it shall ment of the project came from Dr.

become a bond of ennoblement, and Frederick M. Smith, President of the

Latter Day Saints' Church, and direct the U. S. The American Missionary descendant of .Toseph M. Smith, one Association has cooperated with this of the founders of the Monnon student group in looking into social Church. and economic conditions. Recently, the Chinese Student Christian Asso- In the Ozark Zion every member ciation has decided to appoint a secrewill be protected with life insurance tary to give more special attention to and financed by the colony. Members this work. It is an axiom that the of the colony will own their own most effective work is done by the houses, but schools, churches, public nationals themselves, and it is signifiutilities, and public enterprises will be cant that those who have enjoyed privowned by boards of trustees. ileges are feeling this responsibility for others. Indians and President Coolidge United Home Missions in Canada. PRESIDENT COOLIDGE, when he visited the Sioux tribe of Indians THE United Church of Canada has at Pine Ridge Reservation, was pre- 1,571 Home Mission fields with 4, sented with a memorial by a. group of 368 preaching places, constituting Christian Indians which was in truth about 56% of the preaching points in a challenge to Home Missions. Part the whole Church. Since the General of it is as follows: Council meeting in June, 1926, 375 fields have been taken off the list of You have seen much of war paint and those receiving aid, having reached feathers and dances. These are all things the status of self-support, and 285 new of yesterday, which mean little today and fields have been opened with an averwill mean nothing tomorrow. The hope age of between three and four preachof our people lies in education, industry ing points in each. The United and religion, and we pray that you will Church has thus occupied new Home help us find these necessities for a use- Mission territory within two years at ful life. Give to us, great Father, un- more than 1,000 points in Canada. derstanding, sympathy and protection. In the America which was ours before Re-arrangement of fields and amalit was yours we desire to take our place gamations of for mer competitive in the ranks of Christian citizenship. Home Mission charges, rendered pos- sible by a Union of the churches, are -Woman's Missionary Magazine. responsible for sixty-five charges reaching self-support during the past Mexican Texans year, w hi I e thirty-two additional charges have by normal growth and FEW realize the significance of the the prosperity of the country also fact that from one-seventh to one- ceased receiving aid. The Board of fifth the population of Texas, or 750,- Home Missions expends more than one 000 to 1,000,000, are Mexican. The and one-quarter million dollars animmigration increase is probably 30,- nually. 000 a year, and of this about 90% from the ranks of the unskilled. The LATIN AMERICA Southern Presbyterian Church endeavors to turn this situation into an Fifty Years in Mexico asset, with a result of 40 organized churches, 18 ministers and 2,246 MISS ALICE J. McCLELAND, church members. In our Baptist writing for the Christian Obmission at Waco, Texas, 700 converts server, makes the following comments have been made in 15 years. on the results of fifty years' effort to- ward the evangelization of our neigh- Help for Chinese Com:mnnist. bor to the South: DURING the past few years, Chi- Evangelical missionaries began work- nese students in America, have ing in Mexico over fifty years ago and begun to concern themselves in behalf of unprivileged groups of their own people in the Chinese communities of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

have devoted themselves to preaching the turn. It has proved that it can sur- Gospel, to education and to healing. vive a crisis, and native pastors are Much effort has been expended in the t a kin g an increasingly important circulation of the Bible, which was an al- share in the work. most unknown Book, even to the priests. Today there are enough Evangelical The fourth group affected by the law comprises occult sects, such as Christians in the country to make their Spiritualists and Theosophists, who influence felt in all phases of life. There evade restrictions by calling themare churches which are entirely self- s e I v e s philosophic organizations. supporting, and the different church or- These sects also satisfy the craving of ganizations are rapidly becoming self- the masses for the miraculous. governing and self-propagating. The function of foreign missionaries has been changing and many readjustments have been made and will have to be made to meet these conditions. But they are con- Progress in Central America ditions due to the success of the enterprise, and the readjustments necessary ON MY trip into Central America can be made with thankful hearts. and Mexico, I was rejoiced to see the wonderful progress made in the The following quotation from a let- past eight years. In one district ter from the field will show how the where eight years ago there were not Mexican ministers are carrying for- more than twelve preaching places to ward their part of the task: the Indians, today there are eighty- In the country districts the prospects four. In another district where there for the acceptance of the Gospel are es- were seventy or less, there are more pecially promising. In one congregation than one hundred and fifty. Then there about twenty-five miles below one of the were less than seven hundred Indians stations, on the railroad, fifty-four adults were baptized a month ago. This is a in the entire country who had been . congregation that the Mexican pastor has reached, while now there are eight largely cultivated under the guidance of thousand or more among three tribes. The missionaries told me that where the Holy Spirit, though the missionaries have given a little assistance. He has Spanish churches had become dead and moribund, when the Indians begreat enthusiasm for the work out in the gan to be reached, the Spanish small villages. He has recently opened churches became alive and active. In up work in several villages near Lake parts of the country where eight years Patzcuaro where the Tarasco Indians live. In one village 200 were present one night, and in another 150. In two of the villages the Indians have moved the organs of the Catholic church down ago there were practically no Indian near the door, and our preachers have Christians, today there are about fifty used them for teaching Gospel hymns. organized churches.-L. L. LEGTERS, There are no priests to visit the villages, Pioneer Mission Agency.

and in most of the places no one has education enough to conduct a Catholic Bible Selling in Panama service.

Mexico in TraD$ition I T IS proverbially difficult to sell Bi- bles in Catholic lands and in about THE constitutional provisos regard- 90 per cent of our calls we sell nothing. ing worship and the Mexican gov- If I fail to make a sale I leave a Scripernment's edict of June, 1926, affects ture portion if the occupants can read at least four religious groups in Mex- or will receive it. In the province of ico. The Roman Catholics have been Chiriqui in the republic of Panama in led to open revolt, in some sections as three months' work I left 9,942 por- yet unsuppressed. The assassination tions of the Word of God, much of it of General Obregon is but a single in- in places never hitherto visited. Dur- cident of the rebellion. ing July we held street meetings in The civil authorities are hoping for the City of Colon, which is perhaps the success of an independent Mexican for its size the wickedest city in the Church, while for the most part Prot- world. During that month we dis- estantism has taken an encouraging tributed 3,657 portions of the Word in 5

English, Spanish, French, Yiddish, olic Missionary Society has been Chinese, Italian, and many of the lan- formed, a holiday decreed called "The guages of India. Day of the Gospel" and a prominent man of letters has written a book I took the trouble for a day and a entitled "The Invisible Christ." Prothalf to gather the statistics of why estant Sunday-school methods, even people do not buy our Scriptures. In tent meetings have been used. But twelve hours' work I had 240 pros- such aggressive tactics are better than pects, which classified as follows: the former dead materialism. The door of opportunity will swing open, 50 hindered by poverty. and must not be allowed to close. 24 promised to find me later. 14 homes, no responsible person. EUROPE 2 poor eyesight. A FamJly of Eight Thousand 18 downright fanatics. 26 absolutely indifferent. T o FEED, clothe, house and edu- 3 sickness. cate 8,000 boys and girls is no light 30 already had Testaments. undertaking, even in these days of 43 could neither read nor write. wonders. That is the daily task of 5 could not classify. Dr. Barnardo's Homes. 25 bought Scriptures. It was in the early 'sixties when That is a pretty good average cross- the late Dr. Barnardo laid down his section of conditions in Central Amer- now famous Charter: "No destitute ica.-R. C. H. in The Word of Life. child ever refused admission."

Broadcasting the Gospel In the sixty-two years since then, the tally of orphan and destitute little WE USE our Radio transmitter to ones admitted to Dr. Earnardo's carry the message to invisible Homes has reached the high figure of audiences in the Argentine. There 105,500. Over 2,000 boys and girls are now more than twenty-five re- and babies entered the "Ever-Open ceiving stations in this city with from Door" in 1927, and the present numsix to eight loud speakers. When I ber of the family is almost 8,000, transmit they can hear nothing else some hundreds of whom are crippled from other parts, so they have to hear or afflicted in various ways.-The for at least one hour on the nights Christian. of transmission. The new bishop has also a fine receiving station with his Salvation Army Rule RefOrn1 aerial wire from the tower of the Cathedral. We avoid all possible al- I N SAILING for England, National lusions to the church or their doc- Commander Evangeline Boo t h trines, and seek only to present Christ sent a long wireless message to the through simple explanation of the way New York Times, dated December 22d. of Salvation, illustrations and Gospel The substance of it was this: When singing. Sometimes my wife or I give the great founder died, he left to the a Gospel solo, and sometimes sing to- Army the rule that he was to be sucgether. ceeded by his son and that future leaders were to be appointed on lines Rome Wakes Up in Argentine of nepotism. Since then, the organ- ization has spread over the world, to NEITHER Evangelical Christianity mission lands in particular. Miss nor the Roman Church has flour- Booth radioed the following and much ished in Argentina, but within the more: "I feel the onerous responsibilyear has come a singular awakening, ity laid upon me and my five Amerinot as a furtherance of the true Gos- can commissioners of representing the pel, but as an attack against Protes- United States on the High Council of tantism and the United States, as its the Salvation Army, consisting of promotors frankly aver. A new Cath- sixty-three delegates from all parts of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the world, which will assemble on Jan- Finnish Misslon Progress uary 8th in London. The task allotted to the Council is to harmonize the SINCE its organization in 1859, the present constitution of our organiza- Finnish Missionary Society of tion with a broader form of govern- Helsingfors has extended its operament which will put into force a tion into provinces of Hunan and long-looked-for measure of reform, in- Hupeh, China, into Palestine, where creasing both individual and collective work is done among the Moslems and responsibility for the salvation of the Jews, and into Amboland in southbodies and souls of men." west Africa. In addition, the society maintains city and home mission The Salvation Army officials here work in Finland. The first Finnish believe that this means the deposition missionaries were sent to Amboland of her brother, General Bramwell just sixty. years ago, in 1868. The Booth, who has been in feeble health beginnings were not promising: the for two years, and her appointment first baptisms were not administered as head of the world-wide Army, until 1883, missionaries were few, and though she rejects the latter proposi- the support from home was inadetion. Manifest fitness for leadership quate. But God has greatly blessed and world-wide policies should dom- the field, especially during the last ten inate the new General, and not the years. In 1907 there were 1,661 Chriscontinuance of the old "Dynasty" tians; in 1917 there were 3,400, and scheme, they ·think. in 1927 there were 21,037, with over 2,000 catechumens and 6,112 pupils Italian Fascist Youth Organizations in elementary and other schools. Be- sides fifty-one European workers, T HE following figures give an idea there are now more than 260 native of the extent to which the Italian workers, of whom seven are ordained Fascists Movement has permeated the ministers. The Bible is translated in youth of Italy, and of the systematic Ndonga, but only the New Testament, efforts which it is making to train the Psalms and the books of the major the new generation in the Fascist prophets are printed. A bi-monthly spirit: religious paper is published. The schools have received no grants from Men Fascists ………….. . 1,027,010 the British Administration, but some Women Fascists ……….. . 88,006 grants of drugs. have been received "Young Italians" ………. . 66,253 for medical. work, and, from this year, "Little Italians" ……….. . 365,781 a grant of 300 pounds for hospital University Groups ……… . 16,965 upkeep in Ndonga.-N. L. C. B. Avanguardisti …………. . 325,127 Balilla •……………….. 780,937 Total ……………….. 2,670,078 If to this total are added those en- An Anti-Religious Campaign rolled in the various national syndicates and Fascist associations under ANTI-RELIGIOSNIK, the anti-rethe direct control of the party, the ligious newspapers of Moscow, retotal number would be 6,814,703. ports that anti-religious propaganda in Russia is carried on with special Spiritual and religious education is intensity during the time of the in the hands of 560 chaplains. By a Church festivals, as for instance at recent decree four naval training ships Christmas-tide. Anti-religious "cells" have been placed at the disposal of are formed or re-adapted for the camthe National Balilla organization for paign; anti-religious wall-newspapers the naval divisions of the Balilla and are published; preparatory lectures Avanguardisti. The total number of and talks are given, social evenings 'camps organized during the summer planned, special excursions and amusewas 120, with an attendance of more ments prepared for the children's holithan 50,000 boys and young men. days-skiing parties, skating, games,

cinemas, athletics, competitions, etc., of 250 members and stand for high to counteract religion. morality. I addressed them twice, and the questions after my talk re- The preparatory work in the schools vealed discontent and a desire to reand in the groups consists in talks form their lives. One liberal Moslem given to the children before they sep- offered personal help in establishing arate for the holidays. Attention is a night school, saying: 'I desire an drawn to the customs and habits con- effort to reform the inner life of my nected with the festival, and to the people.' Two others asked for 200 evil effects, and competition is organ- tracts to distribute in their tobacco ized on the subject, "Why is Religion factory, one writing in the back of harmful?" the children being required a tract: 'I will honor all who serve to give written or oral answers. Humanity. I should like to be one.' Christmas Eve "socials" are arranged, beginning at an hour which would "In Comotini I was introduced to a prevent the children from going to sheik who said: 'I cannot but admit church. that we leaders of Islam have made mistakes and wronged our people, who Russian "League of Death" now must pay for it.'

PRESS dispatches report an epi- "Many of the Turks are pure ma- demic of suicides among the youth terialists, and fear that religious bein certain parts of Russia. A "League lief-superstition they call it-will of Death," which caused eleven young keep the people from advancing in Communists to take their own lives civilization." -News Sheet. during the last summer and autumn, has been discovered in the far off AFRICA town of Liesva, in the Urals. Suicides of some of the most active mem- Revolutionizing Al Azhar, Cairo bers of the local branch of the Communist youth had been occurring ONE of the most numerously atfor several months before it was real- tended universities of the world, ized that the movement for self-de- visited by many travelers to Egypt, struction was organized. The results is the Mohammedan University in of an investigation have been pub- Cairo, Al Azhar. And now, wonder lished in detail in the Moscow Com- of wonders! if proposed plans come munist Youth Pravda. to fruition great changes are con- templated. At a gathering of the high Inquiries revealed that f. pessimistic Ulemas (a combination of a D.D. and atmosphere had suddenly enveloped Ph.D. among Moslems), the present in its black folds a large section of Grand Mufti (officer in Moslem courts the most intelligent young people. who interprets the Koranic law), the They assembled to read strange poetry Grand Sheikh of the University, and and to discuss the futility of exist- others, totaling 180, have decided upence and of striving. They decided on drastic reforms in this University, that life was not worth living and which was founded 976 years ago, and glorified death as the only sensible still is the principal seat of Islamic and beautiful thing. learning. It is proposed to change the institution from a medireval Islamic Student Work in Greece religious school to a modern university based on European ideals. The Uni- MR. PHILOTHEOS ZIKAS gives versity will be placed under the con- an account of his second sum- trol of the Minister of Education, like mer's work in Greece. other Egyptian schools. Those seek- ing to enter will be required to pass "The first city visited was Xanthie. an examination and show proficiency. Irreligious teaching finds good ground in elementary subjects and to know there, yet there is a yearning for half the Koran. The native press is something better. Young M()slems not in favor of the changes, as "savorhave organized a Temperance Society

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing too much of the influence of Tur- particulars, found in the Woman's key." Recently a thousand Bibles Missionary Magazine. "On October have been ordered for distribution in seventh, His Highness received the Al Azhar for the study of compara- crown and became henceforth His tive religion. Majesty, King of Ethiopia. The serv- ice was most impressive and was Isla:m in Egypt. viewed with interest. At midnight, ANUMBER of proposals for the accompanied by his chiefs and near modernizing of EI Azhar Univer· friends he went to a holy church, near sity, Cairo, are under discussion, and the Empress's Palace-all churches in it is expected that many of them will Ethiopia are not equally sacred; those be put into execution. They comprise: supposed to have been visited by some the using of the HEI Azhar" Mosque saint are especially holy. From mid- for worship only, the purpose for night until dawn there was a religious which it was originally built in 970 ceremony, chanting of the priests, A. D. and the building of four large burning of scented tapers, holy colleges in the neighborhood for the dances and all the ceremony of the educational activities which are at Coptic Church. From the Church they present carried on in the Mosque; proceeded to the Empress's Palace the translation into Arabic from mod- where the Empress was to place the ern European languages of a number crown. This ceremony was viewed of scientific' and other books which only by the chiefs of the land and the may be of use to the students; the Foreign Minister of each of the For- introduction into the curriculum of eign Legations there." Then as the the study of comparative religion, procession started back to the church, which would include the study of that this coronation might receive the Judaism and Christianity. blessing and sanction of the church- Signs of a tendency towards en- for State and Church are one-the forcing Islam more rigorously in Empress stood with a little handful of Egypt and for propagating it abroad, personal servants while all the crowd may be seen in the recent decision of followed the new King.

the Ulema in Egypt that in accord- ance with the Sharia Law an unmar- The Congo Jubilee Conference P ried Moslem woman has no right of ROTESTANT missions in the Congo celebrated the fiftieth anfreedom until she is past marriageable age, but is the absolute property niversary of their establishment by of her legal guardians. This decision a general conference which convened was given in the case of a young in Leopoldville September 16th and woman who wished to become a Chris- continued until September 24th.

tian. It is clearly contrary to the There were 190 delegates, composed Constitution of 1922, which guaran- of missionaries and missionary secre- tees liberty of conscience, religious taries. More than twenty boards were liberty, and individual freedom, and represented, including Baptist, Pres- reveals an important contradiction be- byterian, Methodist, Lutheran, Breth- tween the religious and the civil law. ren, Disciples, Mennonites, and Chris- It yet remains to be seen whether the tian Alliance, representing churches religious law will continue to prevail. in Europe and America, met together There is also a proposal to send Mos- for days of prayer and conference.

lem emissaries to Europe to spread Swedes, Belgians, North Americans, the principles of Islam. Englishmen, Negroes worked togeth- er harmoniously and united in cele- Royal Enthronement in Ethiopia brating the Lord's Supper on Sunday PROBABLY those who have seen afternoon, when the communicants accounts of the coronation of the were served by a Congregational King of Ethiopia have not read these American, a' Belgian preacher, a

French preacher; a Liberian layman, Ohio, has contracted with the Governa negro from Boston, a Swede preach- ment of Liberia for a ninety-nine year er and a Scotchman.-O. E. Goddard. lease of 1,000,000 acres of land suit- able for a rubber plantation. The MiS8iOJ~1I VB. Slavery company plans to spend $100,000,000 in clearing the jungle, and to employ SPEAKING at the Congo Jubilee 350,000 Liberian laborers. Hand in Exhibition in the Central Hal!, hand with this must go the develop- Westminster, M. Ramsay MacDonald ment of roads, harbors, water systems declared: "As soon as the missionary and argicultural methods. Above all appears shwery is doomed. I do not there must be an educational system. say that it is doomed in 24 hours, Mr. Harvey Firestone, president of but I do say the presence of the mis- the company, is cooperating with missionary has this effect, explain it as sionary agencies in outlining plans you may-that from the moment he for such a system. The development becomes a part of the atmosphere of of village life, a higher standard of a race, slavery dwindles and educa- home life, the various facilities for tion begins. Men whose lives have welfare all afford opportunity for the been long lived in the atmosphere of work of the Church. Those who know ignorant superstition and mortal ter- the typical African village will rejoice ror, are enabled to lift up their heads in this experiment. and to discover that there is something giving them 'power, enabling them to Wireless in Uganda walk about with heads uplifted, obedient to the law, but not victims of the AFEW years ago people in Central law, enabling them not only to look Africa did not dream of the posout on the world but within them- sibility of hearing a voice from Lonselves. There begins responsible care, don, but today, those who find their which at last emerges into a concep- life's work in Uganda, are able to tion of the responsibilities of useful- listen in to concerts broadcast from ness, lending them the idea of London. responsibility to the universe. I think the missionary requires no further A gift from Australia of a wireless justification. We who have been called apparatus to missionaries in Uganda upon to attend to the secular affairs has made this communication a realof life rather than the spiritual, will ity. never fail to be grateful, I hope, to the missionaries who have carried in- "Now each evening from Monday to effect the gospel of human justice to Friday, we are able to listen in to as well as of spiritual power. Do not London's music," says Mrs. Rogers, forget that the fabric of social organ- writing in the Church Missionary ization-justice, order, law, rectitude, Gleaner. Last Sunday we heard the and uprightness cannot be defended closing hymn and voluntary from unless we keep before our minds that "somewhere," so we are hoping to be mere material interests and powers able to hear the whole service next must not govern this country or the week. What would David Livingstone world, but that the great eternal im- and Stanley think could they revisit pulses of spirituality must guide and the "Dark Continent" today and find guard us."-South African Outlook. in this district alone seven wireless stations. New Day in Liberia Winning Pyglllies Through Sleep AN EXPERIMENT in Liberia, the ftfirst in history to combine a com- T HE Negro, Canon Apolo, is the mercial and educational program, will Church Missionary Society's head be watched with interest. The Fire- of missionary work for these little stone Rubber Company of Akron, men of Equatorial Africa. He writes to Rev. A. B. Lloyd, who had been aiding him in his work, as follows:

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"I must tell you at once that your WESTERN ASIA visit has been greatly blessed to the pygmies. They have now very much Emancipation of the Moslem increased in numbers, and they are always talking of the love you showed MUSTAPHA KEMAL, in officially to them, especially by your sleeping adopting the alphabet used by in their village with them. This, they all the Western nations, takes another say, is a great wonder and surprise tremendous step toward the ultimate to them all, and as a result they have emancipation of the Moslem. With all decided to read God's Word and that comes his insistence that all must they will not allow their [Negro] learn to read with the new letters. teacher to leave them for a moment; He deplores the illiteracy of his peothey read the Book by night and day. ple. Should he succeed in opening up I went back to see them after you had to his people the whole wealth of gone, and I find there many who now literature of the West there will be really believe in Jesus Christ. I must set in motion forces that will eventuconfess that I am amazed at the bless- ate in religious freedom and the disings that have come to us as a result integration of Islam. of your viBit …… I do not hesitate to say that God, the Holy Spirit, was The move among the adjoining Moswith you and he came down with su- lem peoples is in the same direction. preme power' upon the people. When Persia and Afghanistan are being they came to me in such numbers' to powerfully influenced by the touch of be written down for baptism, I knew the great nations of the world to more that they were sent by God the Holy enlightened policies. Spirit." All these matters are of tremendous A Movement in South Africa import to the Church of Christ, and it looks as though in this sphere the AREMARKABLE religious move- political programs of the prophets are ment has been inaugurated at moving to rapid fulfilments. Rhodes University College, Grahamstown, and in other places in South Af- The New Alphabet for Turkey rica through the visit of a party of seven men from Oxford who have BEGINNING December I, all Turkspent their long vacation in the Union ish newspapers appeared in Latwith a view to sharing with others in characters, leaving thousands of their new-found experience of God. readers without news because the From each place they have visited ex- Turkish public., already eighty per cent traordinary reports have come of their illiterate in the discarded Arabic charwork and influence, says the South acters, has been unable as yet to be- African Outlook. come literate in the Latin characters. The nation is studying hard at adult Grahamstown was greatly stirred night schools under a special corps of and to many of the students there the teachers. Angora has started a pareligion of Jesus Christ has become triotic effort whereby all literates are the supreme concern in life. The voluntarily teaching their illiterate preaching of the men from Oxford neighbors. Mustapha Kemal, the contains nothing new but they em- President, has set an example in perphasize, with a freshness and telling sonally giving lessons to his ministers power, truths that have been the back- and entourage in the Latin alphabet. ground of every religious awakening Advantage has been taken of radio, since the days of the early Church. and twelve thousand teachers have This development among students in been used in giving the necessary in- Grahamstown and elsewhere will be struction, and 1,000 Government emwatched with close interest. ployees were threatened with dis- charge if they didn't become proficient in using the new characters in two months. "The Ottoman language died

with the Ottoman Empire," the Gov- they like. The present Minister of ernment radio broadcast said. "The Education has granted to missionary Arabic characters are unfitted for the schools a fair measure of liberty in needs of expression in modern civili- adapting the curriculum which is enzation." Mustapha Kemal is destroy- forced throughout all schools in Pering old Turkey and upon its ruins he sia, to fit in with their educational is seeking to build a new civilization. ideals. The women of Turkey also are coming out of all their old prison houses of Progress in A1'abia ignorance and bondage into the light of a new day. The entire nation is rrHE Arabian Mission has reopened being rejuvenated and Kemal is urg- a medical work that has been ing them forward with all his power. With hot impatience he is making a closed for fifteen years. Dr. P. W. clean sweep of old customs and habits Harrison was appointed to Matrah in which shackled Turkey and impeded it, the Province of Oman and began a and separted it from an advancing dispensary and in-patient department. world. The things which Kemal is doing in a day seemed formerly impos- Matrah is a twin city of Muscat sible of accomplishment in a century. and is the head of the caravan route -United Presbyterian. to the whole hinterlanu. Dr. Harrison hopes to reach many of the Oman Reform Movement in PerAia. villages with the Gospel by combined medical and evangelistic touring. T HE reform movement is making headway. A number of students At Basrah the Mission is expecting are going to Europe to study, the law to put up a building to accommodate courts are being reorganized, the cul- the school for girls. The desire for tivation of opium is being controlled, a modern education is increasing in measures for the improvement of pub- all the Arabian Mission stations. An lic health are to be enforced. Evidence Arab ruler recently stated that he is of the strength of the Nationalist determined that his son shall have a Movement may be discovered in the thoroughly English education no matdismissal of the American financial ter how much opposition comes from adviser, the abolition of the capitula- conservative elements. Schools have tions, the demand that Persia should been established in villages that never control her own education system, the had them before. They are schools movement for unity within the Chris- of the old type, but they decrease tian Church. illiteracy, and open the door to all Arabic literature. The Mission has This Nationalist Movement does not schools for boys in four stations and appear to be necessarily anti-foreign for girls in two. or anti-Christian. There is clear evidence that the Persian Government is The missionaries at Kuwait have not going to insist, as at first seemed made medical and evangelistic visits likely, on the teaching of the Koran to several of the villages situated at in missionary schools. The present distances from the central town. Minister of Education has shown him- These give good opportunities for the self more tolerant towards missionary distribution of literature, and as the activity than his predecessor. Books trips can be made by motor car, the containing extracts from the Bible regular work is not interrupted.-E. may be employed in school hours, E. Calverly. though the actual teaching of the Bible is forbidden. It is also permitted Sky-Rocket Reforms in Afghanistan in school to teach the lives of great men and prophets; while out of school ANOTHER man has tried to "hustle hours missionaries may teach what tl.the East" and as a result has been hustled off his throne. When the thir- ty-six-year-old Afghan King Amanul- lah returned to Kabul from Europe with his modernized Queen Souriya,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

he realized that his country, Afghan- Indian clergyman, and two lay helpers. istan, was backward. He proclaimed 'rhe need for more workers is great. many reforms, including new taxes, exploitation of the country's national Christianity in India resources, development of commerce, compulsory military service, the aboli- MR. NATARAJAN, Editor of the tion of polygamy and of the veil for Indian Social Reformer, writes women, modern education for both in reply to an essay by Robert Smith men and women, European hats and Wilson on "The Indirect Effects of other clothes in place of turbans and Christian Missions in India." robes, and the introduction of many modern scientific improvements. But "The message of Jesus Christ whenthe people are all Mohammedans and ever and wherever delivered, without are slow to move in the direction of ulterior objects and simply as a mesreform. Turb.ans are related to their sage, has been welcomed everywhere religion, as are many of their old with open minds and grateful hearts. time customs. Young men rebelled In proselytising missions, the religious against military service and dress re- purpose is overlaid with many secular form; husbands and fathers rebelled purposes, personal, economic, and even against modernizing women; mullahs political …… India has accepted and other religious leaders rebelled Christ but has rejected Christianity against secularization of the state and …… What India has done is to take declared that the King and Queen Jesus and the organization apart, and, were "possessed of the devil." while absorbing the former into her religious consciousness, has utilized As a result Amanullah abdicated in the latter for lessons, which she sorefavor of his older brother, Inayatul- ly needs in organization for social lah, a religious devotee with four work …… We do not think that an wives and twenty concubines, and fled Indian Christianity will ever arise from the capital. Now this elder from the ashes of foreign religions. brother has been deposed by the rebel What is happening is that the old chieftain. The process of reform will religions are gaining a new life from be more successful through the plant- contact with the teachings of Jesus ing of truth, like a grain of wheat, Christ." and awaiting the harvest. A Stewardship Campaign in India INDIA AND SIAM SECRETARY D A V I D McCON- A New Community in India AUGHY is now conducting a Stewardship Campaign among the AvAST area in the Multan district churches, mainly Presbyterian, but in of the Punjab, India, has, during the United Church of India (North) the past six or seven years, been irri- J,S well. His first report from his ingated with canals, and thousands of itial meetings says: "There has been acres of land have been brought un- much prayer and expectant faith, and der cultivation. As a result of this when the time came, the effect was at development thousands of colonists once evident. Pastors, elders, teachhave flocked to the district, and among ers, catechists, Bible women, as well them some two thousand Christians. as missionaries from the nearer sta- But, in spite of the fact that the tions, gathered from more than a Church Missionary Society is carry- score of churches. Sunday the attending on work in this district, scarcity ance numbered 487, not counting of workers means that the responsi- children, 218 having come from outbility of caring for and ministering side and the distance averaging 35 to this Christian community, and of miles for the 23 places represented." winning others from the newcomers rests upon 'One missionary, one aged Mr. McConaughy shows the reasons for questioning the value of such a

campaign among India's poverty- Lord know in non-Christian lands, to stricken lower classes who make up build up a system of purely secular eduthe bulk of Indian Christians. "The cation: And membership of the Church in India is drawn almost entirely from the lower 2. Whereas, under the various reguclasses, socially and economically. The lations for the registration of schools margin of income over the actual cost in China both the academic and religious of subsistence is very narrow. The liberty of the schools is seriously curbetter educated naturally aspire to an tailed: improved scale of living, with the consequent increase of expenditure. 3. Therefore, the National Council Inevitably there follows debt in many considers that the following are essencases. Indeed, this condition is quite tial conditions for the registration of common among mission agents. Con- schools supported in whole or in part ditions are very different from those by the aid of the Church in thp. United in the West, and undoubtedly many States, namely: times more difficult." Despite poverty which is here too lightly stressed, 4. That nothing in the regulations or Indian Christian leaders are anxious other requirements under whiCh l'egisto get every possible hint to aid in tration is to he effected shall: leading to increased giving. The Indian Christian Press hails with joy (a ) Forbid an open declaration of this campaign. the Christian character and purpose of the school. Is India Dry? (b) Involve the surrender of the title AN ASTONISHING thing has hap- to or of the control of property. .t.pened in the Punjab. Citizens of the town of Taran have lately secured (c) Impair the authority of the Nafrom the Provincial Government the tional Council, as trustees; through its privilege of holding a local option elec- representatives in China to appoint and tion as to whether liquor shops in the remove directors of the school, to detown should continue to operate. termine its conduct, and to select its Over fifteen hundred voters went to principal and faculty. the polls and voted "dry" to a man. This is probably the most decisive (d) Impair the right of the school to local option vote yet recorded in any teach the Christian religion and t(; procountry. The nearest approach to it vide Christian services as a regular part possibly occurred in Kentucky some of the school life. twenty years ago when about the same number of votes were cast, and all 5. Whenever the Bishop, as the reprewere "dry" excepted those of the two sentative in China of the trustees, finds liquor dealers and their relatives- that all the foregoing conditions can be seventeen in all.-Indwn Witness. fulfilled, the Nation Council of Advice, would be justified in registering the CHINA school.

Registration of Schools in China Reconstruction in China THE following action was taken by I N AN editorial entitled "Watch 1929 the Protestant Episcopal Church in ChinaI" the October number of in their recent convention in Wash- The Chinese Recorder names some reington relative to the demand of China constructive measures that may be that all schools be registered with the looked for in the New Year. We are government. reminded that "a modern leadership is trying to adapt an ancient people 1. Whereal!, it is not the function of to a world situation which itself, as the Church, as it endeavors to make our the age of man goes, emerged but yesterday. Never before did a race face such vast reconstructivl;l urgen- cies and have to meet them in so short a time as is now the case with China." The public interment of Sun Yat Sen on January 1st focused pub- lic attention sharply on his personality and policies. Four of these policies, already in operation, are: A period of political tutelage is being set up; the government proposes to control some important public utilities; the administrative power of the govern-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ment is to be under five councils, Leg- general improvement in the state of islative Executive, Judicial, Examina- the country is being maintained, and tion and Supervisory; China is to be in a considerable measure extended. under a one-party government. The Journeys are undertaken with much Third National Representative Con- sense of insecurity, and at times with gress has been called and plans are a minimum of comfort and convenunder way for the completion of the ience, in spite of which there is abunregistration of schools in 1929 and dant cause for thansgiving and praise for the promulgation of new factory for the large number of our workers laws. who have reached their destinations without loss or hindrance." Peking Now Peiping AS CHRISTIANIA has changed to Should We Withdraw from. China!

W 1".Oslo, and St. Petersburg through HAT ought to be the spirit and the policy of the Home Church Petrograd to Leningrad, so Peking (whose literal meaning is "northern towards these new movements in the capital") will henceforth be known as Chinese field? Principal D. S. Cairns Peiping ("northern peace"). The al- of Scotland, when in China recently teration is due to the fact that Peking had a long talk with a large group has been shorn of its former glory, of Chinese Christians in Peking. I though it may be the seat of the said to these men that my own Church provincial government of Chihli. It (The United Free Church of Scot- is only in foreign newspapers that land) had seven great mission fields; the old name still lingers, and the that it was unfortunately very diffi- removal of the foreign Legations to cult to man them and raise sufficient the new capital, Nanking, is probably money to maintain them; that we only a matter of time. The name had no desire to remain in China "Chihli" has also been changed, per- after it was clear that our time there haps because of its associations with was up; that in that case we would the Chihli, or Northern, party, and throw our energies into other fields the province is now spoken of in Chi- that wanted them more. What did nese newspapers as "Hopeh" (="north they wish me to say to the Church of the river"), just as Honan gains at home?

its name from its position south of the A vigorous-looking young Chinese Yellow River.-China's Millions. was sitting in a corner of the room, "TMissiona.ries Returning to Stations whom the others jocularly referred HERE has been a weekly aver- Principal Cairns and Chinese Leader age of over twenty workers leav- to as the representative of the Kuo- min-Tang, said nothing in answer to ing Shanghai for various parts of the my question, but remained behind. interior," says Mr. Warren of the After the others had gone he said with China Inland Mission in a letter dated deep earnestness, "The missions must November 2d. "There are now about not think of leaving us yet." I said, one hundred and seventy of our sta- "Why do you say that? Do you think tions occupied by missionaries, and Christianity would die out in China approximately six hundred and fifty if we all withdrew?" "No," he said, of our workers at ordinary duties, or "I am not afraid of that. Christianity traveling towards their locations. will never die out now. It is too firm- This shows a great advance on the ly rooted, no matter what happens.

situation six months ago, and we hope But what t am afraid of, if you do for a steady improvement during the leave us now, is that it would sink to winter. Eighty-five missionaries are the level of one religious sect among now returning from the home lands others, and that it would accept that and fifty-seven new arrivals during position. But if you stay twenty-five the last three months of the year. The years longer with us, it will be strong

and mature enough to go ahead and ty years science has been the foundawin the whole people. tion of education in Japan, but now the educators have discovered that No one of the group expressed a with the emphasis of science on ma- desire to have the missionaries leave terialism, Marxianism has found easy China.-The Record. entrance, and they are turning back to religion. Chinese Church Progress Another reason that Mr. Kagawa THE first annual report of the gives for the turning of Japanese ed-· Church of Christ in China has ucators to religion as a basis lies in many points of encouragement. The their devotion to Pestalozzi whose inaverage giving in one Synod of 10,000 fluence has gradually increased in Jamembers is nine dollars per capita. pan. Pestalozzi was a Christian teach- Another Synod has opened a theolog- er, and because he based education on ical school, while still others are ar- religious principles, Japanese educaranging to have Chinese women serve tors have agreed to do so. as elders. In the Swatow District the Christian organization is 60% While an open door is offered to self-supporting. A uniting feature Christianity, the anti-Christian spirit of this united church is the establish- of Bolshevism is also growing. The ment of a central fund, from which Marxists are teaching atheism. The all pastors are paid, thus relieving works of Lenin are atheistic, and so the pastor from urging people to pro- are those of Bucharin and Luccaci, vide his own salary. and others which have been trans- lated into Japanese. Daboring's books JAPAN-CHOSEN against the church and theism have been translated also. If that spirit Chrioltian Opportunity in Japan grows and becomes deeply rooted in the minds of the proletarians, it will ACCORDING to Toyohiko Kagawa, be much more difficult to evangelize Japan's great social worker and Japan. religious leader, the present is the best opportunity that Christianity has A Kor'ean's Im.portunity ever had, to enter the hearts of the Japanese. Two years ago the men, A CHRISTIAN in Andong, Chosen, and last year the women primary had heard the missionary say that school teachers of the Empire met in all believers should have family convention and declared that hence- prayers, so the next morning he said forth religion must be the basis for to his wife, "Let us have family education in Japan. Anyone familiar prayer." She had no intention of bewith the former attitude of educators coming a Christian and ran out of the toward religion will understand this house. Every morning he repeated his change to be revolutionary, for the invitation, and soon she did not run Imperial Rescript has been considered out of the house but only into the a sufficient moral basis, and "religion" kitchen; so he read the Bible in a loud had not been allowed in the schools. voice, and prayed so that she could Religion in this sense does not mean hear. What was the use of running Buddhism or Shintoism, both of which any longer if she was to hear anyway, have been more or less connected with so she began staying in the room, sewthe schools. Christianity, however, ing or working while he read and was formerly opposed because it prayed. Then a woman missionary teaches that God is greater than any came to hold a Bible class, and this earthly sovereign. If Christianity is Christian husband gave his wife monnow sought as a basis for education, ey and sent her off with the other it is partly because some more ade- church women to have a "sightsee" quate authoritative and powerful basis of the foreign lady. While attending is needed for moral character. For six- the class she became a Christian.

WORTH

~M3§ Any bookB mentioned in theBe columnB will be forwarded by UB on receipt of price.-TBE REVIEW.

The Jerusalem Meeting of the Internation- land are exceptionally suggestive and aVloiCs.ou$n7c.i0l,0.MIanrctehrn2a4t-iAonparlil M8,is1s9io2n8a, r8y f rUl'tfuI. There is no better treatment Council, New York City. 1928. of this whole subject in a brief space The June number of the REVIEW than is found here.

presented a full account of the meet- Volume IlIon "The Relation be- ing of the International Council in tween the Younger and the Older Jerusalem last Easter time. The of- Churches," begins with Dr. Warnficial report of the meeting has now shuis's preliminary paper, and pro- been issued in eight attractive and ceeds to the discussions summarized convenient volumes. by Mr. Silcock of the British Friends' The first deals with "The Christian Foreign Mi~sions Association. This Life and Message in Relation to Non- is followed by a paper prepared by Christian Systems of Thought and Archbishop Soderblom of Sweden, an Life." It contains the seven papers address by Bishop Temple and a state- prepared in advance on the "values" ment of the Indian view of the in- of the great non-Christian religions digenous church by Mr. P. A. Philip and on Secularism, also a report of of India. The findings adopted by the the discussions on the subject of the Council is followed by a call for larg- Christian Message and the non-Chris- er and more intelligent support of the tain faiths, three supplementary pa- missionary enterprise by the Western pers written after the meeting by Churches, and a very brief statement three delegates, one of whom was the of relations with the ancient Churches Archbishop of York, William Temple, of the East. A full appendix contains and finally the Statement of the Chris- reports on rmoafnyrepslpaonnssiobfilidteyvotloutitohn~ tian Message unanimously adopted by or transfe the Council. This is the freshest and indigenous churches, and accounts of most courageous treatment of the is- the constitutions of some of the resue of comparative religion which is cently developed churches. The findavailable. It is a tonic reassurance ings reporte~ here correct a good many as to the clear and faithful Christian erroneous vIews on both sides of this principle of the Missionary Enter- question of relationships.

prise. It is an authoritative affirmation Volume IV treats of "The Chris- of the uniqueness and universality, tian Mission in the Light of Race Con- the sufficiency and indispensableness flict." There are four preliminary of the Gospel. papers, three on the relations of the Volume II deals with "Religious white and black races in America and Education." It contains the admirable Africa, and one on the race problem preliminary paper by Professor Weigle on the Pacific Coast of North Ameri- of Yale and Mr. J. H. Oldham, the ca. TtowtohebCrioeufenrcilsbtayteDmr.enJtoshnfoHlloopw~ comments from six mission fields, the made discussions and the statement adopted on the American Negro Problem and by the Council on the subject. The Mr. Max Yergan on The Race Prob- contributions of Dr. Weigle and of lem in Africa, and lastly a summary Canon Raven of the Church of Eng- of the Council's discussion and a state- 237

ment of its findings. Again one must with material for weeks of sermons say that no other book provides in so or study classes or society meetings.

small a space a true Christian view They illustrate the continuing vitality of the fundamental race issue of our of the missionary enterprise. They day. use the vocabulary of our own day Volume V is entitled "The Chris- but they set forth the everlasting Gos- tian Mission in Relation to Industrial pel and the ancient and undying faith.

Problems." The preliminary paper is In this respect they are a good model by William Paton on "Christianity and of the right articulation of old things the Growth of Individualism in Asia and new, of what is abiding and of and Africa," the supplementary pa- new conditions in which that which pers by Dr. Inman on "Missions and is abiding must find its home and be Economics in Latin America" and Mr. given its control. As always many Grimshaw, of the International Labor things are supposed to be new which Office in Geneva, on "Industrial Rev- are not new at all. They are only olution Among Primitive Peoples." deemed new because of our faulty The account of the Council's discus- knowledge of the past. There is no sion is followed by the addresses of greater need in our missionary work Mr. R. H. Tawney and Bishop Mc- today tha,n the need of a more adequate Connell and the findings of the Coun- understanding of the history of for- cil. Here also the word o~ the Council eign missions and the attitudes and was clear and Christian. It dealt with experiences of the men and women principles but did not evaporate them whom we are too easily forgetting.

in generalities. Many of these were among the ablest Volume VI presents a body of new men and women who have ever lived material on "The Christian Mission in and they have wrought with just as Relation to Rural Problems" by Dr. deep interest in realities as any of K. L. Butterfield, Mr. W. J. McKee, us can claim today. Through ignor- Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones, Dr. E. deS. ance, we are running the danger in Brunner, Mr. K. T. Paul of India. our time of cutting the bonds of or- The papers are unusually full. The ganic connection with history in the great majority of the people of the science of missions, as men are not world are country or town and village doing in the physical sciences. In dwellers and any missionary effort to physics and chemistry and mathemat- evangelize the whole world must deal ics the present day investigators are principally with these town and coun- working with a thoroughly competent try folks. knowledge of the past. A great many Volume VII discusses "Interna- of our modern missionary students tional Missionary Cooperation" with are inadequately informed as to the a full paper by Dr. John R. Mott, and past of missions.

studies of the best forms of both na- It would be well if many mission tional and international cooperation. study classes would take up Volume The last volume contains a brief I of this report and spend several history of the Jerusalem meeting and months on its study. Any wise and fourteen of the main addresses at the competent pastor will be able to use Council including the sermons on the at least six volumes of this report in opening and closing Sundays. Some this way.

of the speakers were the Bishop of Only time will show, of course, the Salisbury, Dr. Cheng Ching-yi, Pro- influence that these volumes and the fessor Hocking of Harvard, Dr. John Jerusalem Council itself will exert.

MacKay of South America, Dr. Stan- It is always difficult to tell how far ley Jones of India and Bishop Linton such a gathering is a cause and how of Persia. far an effect; how far, in other words, These eight volumes will provide it represents an originating force re- any minister or missionary society sulting in new conditions and how far

BOOKS WORTH READING

it simply registers the effect of tend- foreign mission work of the Southern encies already in operation. It is in- Presbyterian Church, will want to teresting to note how prone each man read this fine human story. Others is to find what he wants to find in will be deeply interested to know how confirmation of his existing opinions. the missionary work is conducted, At a recent meeting, where delegates what various elements go into deterto the Jerusalem Council made re- mining policies and what a wise leadports, it seemed clear that almost ership can accomplish. everyone brought away from the Council just what he took there. In the Few missionary administrators same way, no doubt, those who read have seen so far and so clearly, the these reports will be tempted to find great objectives of the missionary enin them simply confirmation of the terprise, and none have been more views they already hold.. If they read unselfish in devotion to the larger them carefully, however, they will cer- issues of the Kingdom of God than tainly discover many corrective and the writer of these brief sketches. enlarging emphases, and assuredly the report, as a whole, represents a com- s. G. INMAN. prehensive and transcending view of the missionary enterprise which gath- The Way Out. 98 P]). The Pacific Garden ers into itself many partial and frag- Mission, Inc. Chicago, Ill. 1928. mentary views. ROBERT E. SPEER. Fifty years of continuous service is Behind the Scenes. By Samuel H. Ches- reason enough for the publication of a Memorial Volume, especially when ter, D.D., 12 mo. 145 pp. $1.25. the Mission has been instrumental Austin, Texas. 1928. in the salvation of such men as "Mel" Trotter and William A. Sun- A recent book called "Back-Stage" day, and other well-known Christian is having quite a vogue, because it workers. Dozens of interesting seems to satisfy curiosity as to actors stories are told concerning men and when they are not before the foot- women who came to the Mission in lights. A far more interesting book rags and disgrace, but were saved to many of us is the little volume just and reestablished in honorable posifrom the pen of a beloved secretary tions. There is also a fine history of emeritus of the Presbyterian Church the Mission, its founders and its super- (South) describing many interesting intendents from 1877. Pastors and experiences and recounting memories Christian workers will find much to of a mission board secretary stretch- confirm their faith in the Power of ing over some twenty-five years. They the Gospel to save even those who include events and problems in the seem hopeless. M. T. SHELFORD. history of the Board, such <IS "Polygamy on the Mission Field," "Troubles A Book for Boys and Girls. By John in the Congo," "Inauguration of the Bunyan. Edited by E. S. Buchanan. Cooperative Program in Mexico," 12 colored illus. 124 pp. $1.25. New "The Missionary Side of the Inter- York. 1928. church World Movement," "The Layman's Missionary Movement," and The 300th anniversary of the birth others. of John Bunyan naturally brings a revival of interest in him and his The author tells frankly the inside religious masterpiece, "Pilgrim's story of how a mission board and its Progress," and other writings. The secretaries work, what differences, fact that he wrote "A Book for Boys sometimes violent, develop behind the. and Girls" may not be generally scenes; how both foolish and wise known, certainly not among many decisions are made and the results. of the youth of today. The book was first published in May, 1686, under All who know Dr. Chester, who has the alternative title of "Country recently retired from directing the Rhymes for Children" and now re-

published in attractive form, with deafness, lameness, constant pain, twelve quaint full page illustrationlil in coupled in some cases with poverty, color. lowly origin, lack of influence, in no wise barred the progress of these This product of the seventeenth cen- courageous souls. They are an exhibit tury is different from any modern of what humanity may achieve. They book for children, for most of the are a tribute to the potential that is rhymes in theme and phraseology are inherent in the race. more suited to the adult than to the child mind. Notably, "The Awakened Some of them are well-known, others Child's Lament," the second rhyme in lesser known. Some attained wealth, the collection, is phrased as no child others joy in their chosen careers, all of the present day or even of Bunyan's served their fellow men and all atwould think or express himself. Bun- tained distinction. Edward Bok, Andyan evidently knew little of child rew Carnegie, John Muir, Francis psychology and cannot be accused of Parkman, Gipsy Smith, Booker Washviewing life from the child's stand- ington, Josiah Wedgewood, are among point. There had not been developed the group presented. The world still at that time a literature really suitable needs the display of the qualities these for children. Bunyan thoroughly be- men possessed. The graphic, gripping lieved, however, in the need of re- stories will hold attention of young ligious instruction for the young and and old from the first page to the last. sincerely desired by his writings to lend what aid he could. GEORGE H. TRULL.

While the twentieth century expert Team Work, being the C. M. S. Story of in religious education would select few 1927-28. Maps. 119 pp. London. of these seventeenth century rhymes for children of today, yet he should This exceedingly attractive Story of have the collection on his shelf, as a the Year is one of the series presented testimony to the progress that has to the constituency of the great been made in the production of re- Church Missionary Society, a Soligious literature for childhood and ciety which has been bearing faithful youth, now suited to the intelligence testimony for over a century and a and interest of each stage of growth. quarter in the great continents of Asia and of Africa. Its members GEORGE H. TRULL. truly illustrate Lindsay's great trib- ute, "They gird the earth with Stories of Grit. Archer Wallace. 133 pp. valour; they heed their King's com- mand." The figure of the team is $1. New York. 1928. carried admirably through this story of the year, developed through chap- Grit is a quality universally ad- ters with the interesting and progresmired, whether displayed by man or sive titles: The Team and the World; lower animal. It tones moral fibre The Team in Training (West Africa); and issues a challenge. It is like the The Team on Trial (East Africa); tang of a refreshing wind to read of The Team and Its Equipment (the men who in spite, not merely of early Near East) ; The Team Spirit Against but of life long handicaps, have over- Odds (India); Changing Places in come difficulties and made good glori· the Team (China); The Team Adously. venturing (Japan); The Team and England. Archer Wallace in his fourteen "Stories of Grit" presents, in the brief The maps illuminate the story; compass of 133 pages, incidents in the they are ingenious and very instruclives of fourteen men who attained tive. To those who are interested in their goal. They had other qualities; the progress of Christian work in the native ability, ambition, energy, perse· great continents of Asia and Africa, verance, originality, cheerfulness, but this report is heartily commended. sheer grit was the outstanding trait. The handicaps of physical defects,

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1929

ANNUIT-IES-I

Spring Fabrics Silks . . . Woolens . . . Linens . . . Cottons W OMEN who plan their Spring wardrobes early will find the smartest and loveliest new fabrics at McCutcheon's. In Silks, Woolens, Linens and Cottons there are the latest novelties from abroad and the newest creations from American makers. Of course, all those fabrics that are always in fashion await you here.

An insert in our January Saie Cataiog gives prices and descriptions of many fabrics. Write for your copy.

Me Cutcheon~s ~ n FIFTH AVENUE AT FORTy-NINTH ST. DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK I/effI.lSR1t.OIt HOLY LAND SprinJ[ Cruises to the Mediterranean, Pal- estine, Egypt, Europe, sailing February and April, 1929. Personally conducted.

WE ARE NOW READY TO A GREAT SUMMER. CRUISE PRINT MORE BIBLES Personally conducted by Dr.]. J. Wicker.

Having distributed in RUSSIA and SIBERIA the Able lecturers. Visiting the Azores, '35,UOO Bibles which we recently printed in Leningrad. Lisbon, Greece, Turkey, Roumania, all Palestine, Egypt. '~TRIUMPH OF THE GOSPEL IN RUSSIA" s. (By Rev. 1. PROKHANOFF) June 18 to September 10, 1929 $850.00 Striking News 14 Illustrations Also European extension to Italy, Switzer- Sent free on reqnest if you will land, France, Belgium, England,Scotland. PRAY aud WORK with us.

Our American offices are located at Attractive Standard and Student Tours to Europe; also Independent Travel ar- 156 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK CITY rangements.

Alwyn Ball, Jr., American Treasnrer Write for complete itineraries. Norman J. SmIth, American Secretary John Johnson. Russian Secretary Seud all communications and gifts and make all The Wicker Tours checks payable to THE ALL-RUSSIAN RICHMOND, VIRGINIA EVANGELICAL CHRISTIAN UNION —-EUROPE– 156 Fifth Avenue Room411M New York City P1ease mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to adv~rtisers. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS February, 1929 Pltye FRONTlsrIECE-President Cbiang J{ai-Sht'k and Vice-PresiUent I{'eng Yu-bsiang ……•• 84 A FORWARD LOOKING CONFERENCE IN CHINA ……………. ROWLAND M. CROSS 85 A yUmpsc of the problems and prospects as seen at the recent ,neeting of the National Cltriltti(m Oouncil of China, NEW HOPE FOR CHINA ………………………••……•… GEORGE 1'. B. DAVIS 88 An encouraging report oj the res'ults of the distribu.tion of a million New Testaments in Ohina.

C…. NON W. H: '1'. GAIRDNER OF CAIRO …………………… 8AMUEL M. ZWEMER 91 A pen picture 01 Qne of the most gifted and dC1)oted Ohristian. WOrkfYI'8 among Mo- hmn1Judans oj the Near East.

THE SUPREM~] PERSON AND '[HE SUPRE~m '1'ES'1' …………•. ROBERT A. HUME 97 The story of how a m·i8Simtary' in Iildin for half a century presented the Gospel of Christ to his Indian hearers.

A CRISIS-HOUR IN HISTORY •…•………………………… W. REMFRY Hm'T 104 WIlY I BECAME A CHRISTIAN ………………………. , …… JOH" A. SUBHAN 105 A f1WBt impressive account of the steps that led a Mohammedan in. India to accept Christ us his Lord and Sat,i01tr.

A NEW ERA IN HOME MISSIONS …………………………. CHAUES L. WHITE 114 A cZI'ar~ cOt/eiRe statement aR to the progress in Home ~i1Iissions) and the prescnt Qut· look, by the President of tTiC Horne J/issions Catt-neil.

CHRISTIAN KRUS WHO HAVE STOOD THJiJ TEST . _.. WALTER AND MAUDE WILY,IA"" 116 LAYing C'tl'idenCic of the PQWC1r of Christ to trronsjornt and strengthen crude West Ajrlcans.

THE FEDERAL COUNCIL ANNIVRRSARY ••………………… CHARLES L. STELZLE 125 The outstanding fea,tures oj the recent twentieth anni1'ersary meeting of the Federal OotttlcH of OhtwcheB of Cht'iBt in AmcricaJ its achievements alld its program.

:>IETHODS FOR WORKERS .•…•………… ' …… ,EDITED BY JIbs. F. r. JOHNSON 12~ WO:>IAN"S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ………… EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 136 WO;;IAN'S HO:IE MISSION BUJ,I,ETIlS' …………. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 139 WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ………………………… EDITED BY HARLAN P. BEACH 142 BOOKS WORTH READING . _…….. , …. . 15S TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

ROBERT E. SnEB. President W:r..r. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-Pre8ident DELAVAN L. PIERSON, liIeoretMY WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Publication Office, 3d & Relly Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. 20c 11 copy. $2.00 a year, Editorial and Bus;n ••• Office, 156 F;fth Avenue, New York City Eutered as second·cIass matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. SECRETARY W. R. WHEELER of the ARE I Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions and Rev. Robert M. Russell of Larch- SAFE, POPULAR, PROFITABLE mont, N. Y., returned in November from West Africa. They traveled more than THEIR VALUE IS NOT INFLUENCED BY 18,000 miles in their five months' tour and addressed more than 30,000 converts in Cameroun.

COUNCILOR RAILTON YUAN is one of Crop Failure three Chinese first to be elected to the Bank Failure position of Councilor of the Municipal Shift in Real Estate Value Council of the International Settlement Stock Market Fluctuation of Shanghai, ranking in every respect Rise or Fall in Commercial Values as equals with the foreign members. He is also a director of the Chinese Y. M. THERE IS NO C. A., Vice-Principal of the Ningpo Methodist College, and holds office in Need for Reinvestment civic and commercial organizations. He Changing of Tenants is an earnest Christian and delights in Necessity for Repairs preaching, whenever he returns to his Need for Improvements Ningpo home. He is a generous supporter of his mission. A missionary For further in/ormation addr",. : friend writes that Councilor Yuan is the W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Board of Home Mission. type of man who makes one glad that one ever came to China to proclaim the I and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Gospel. He is fair and just in his judgments not an extremist, but one who is Church, I70 I Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa., or conciliatory in hIs dealings with all Morri.W. Ehnel, Trea.urer, Board of Foreign classes of men. MissioD& of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 _II Filth Avenue, New York City. THE REV. J. STUART HOLDEN, D.D., of London, resigned his position of Home SONS OF AFRICA Director of the China Inland Mission in October. He says: "My responsibilities I By G. A. GOLLOCK I in other directions, chiefly in respect of the work to which I believe myself Lively and arresting hiographical primarily called-the ministry of God's sketches of outstanding Negro Afri- Word-have made it impossible to de- cans, including kings and chiefs vote more time or closer thought to ad- back to the 15th century. Nowhere ministrative service to the Mission than have these ageless people heen so I have given. . . . Recently the state of vigorously portrayed. my health, and the urgency of my doctors have made me review my tale of A unique book of vivid work and concentrate my limited powers interest. Decorative upon the.t ministry which is my first cover, head pieces, and responsibility." a map. $1.50 at book. stores. OBITUARIES Missionary Education Movement REV. CHARLES INWOOD, D.D., Home Director of the Ceylon and India Gen- 150 Fifth Avenue New York eral Mission since 1918, died on October 12th at the age of seventy-seven. He began preaching at fourteen years of age. Few men of his generation had exercised so broad and fruitful a ministry as he in Great Britain and in other parts of the world. His influence was most marked, at Keswick and in other meetings for the deepening of the spiritual life. He was also a Director of the Evangelical Union of South America and he made a tour of the Neglected Continent in 1912. What he saw convinced him that the Abbe Dominic spoke the truth of neglected Catholics, that their religion was a "baptized heathenism," while most of the Indians were in an even worse condition.

Please mention THE 'MISSIONARY REVIEW Oli" THlll WORLD in writing to advertIsers.

of Ohlne•• Ohrlstl…. 8t..4

PRESIDENT CHIANG KAI-SHEK AND VICE-PHESIDENT FENG YU-HSIAXG OF CHINA

LII, No.2 February

LOOKING FORWARD IN CHINA BY REV. ROWLAND M. CROSS, B.D., Peking, China Mt83iO?ta.f'Y oj the A1nedcan BOllird O. F . .ill! .. 1917- T HE sixth annual meeting of Conference, the findings of which the NaHonal Christian Coun- were discussed, and are being cil of China (October 11-18) printed in both Chinese and Engbrought to Shanghai nearly one lish for the Chinese Church. hundred delegates, from all over China, from Java to Manchuria Under the leadership of Dr. C. and Szechwan to Hongkong.. They Y. Cheng, one group discussed represented a Christian church "The Christian Life and Message and the Central Emphasis of the membership of 300,000 – repre- Church," and called for emphasis senting many branches of the upon retreats and for the right kind of Christian literature. The Protestant Church. Two-thirds of report closed with this special the Council were Chinese and the recommendation: leaders included the General Secretary, Dr. Cheng Ching-yi; the We believe that a limited number Chairman, Dr. David Yui; the of carefully selected visitors from Chairman of the Business Com- abroad should be invited to China for mittee, Dr. T. C. Bau, the Chair- periods of from six months to two man of one of the Commissions; years each to render .specialized serv- Dr. T. T. Lew, Dr. H. H. K'ung, ice; such as, a study of actual con- of Nanking, Dr. Wu-i Fang, the ditions, help in analyzing problems, new head of Ginling College; Dr. evaluation of present methods, guid- Y. C. Yang, president of Soochow ance in research, information regard- University, Mrs. C. C. Chen, Miss ing experience in other countries and Ting Shu-ching, General Secretary giving encouragement and inspiration of the Y. W. C. A. and many to Christians in China.

others. The Chinese Church is Another commission led by Dr.

rapidly becoming indigenous in its T. T. Lew, of Yenching University, leadership. expressed its expectation that the It was distinctly a forward-Iook- leaders of the government would ing conference with evidence of an endeavor to uphold religious lib- eagerness to go ahead on a new erty, promote moral education and program with hope and enthu- eliminate military warfare. The siasm. Church, in addition to its distinctly Eight members of the China religious activities should give spe- group had attended the Jerusalem cial attention to the creation of a 81)

healthy, constructive public opin- recruited in response to requests ion, to the assistance of the govern- of agencies in China that are com- ment in policies of social reform posed of or include Chinese in their and the preparation of men and membership and that request be women for public service. for people with proper spiritual Christians of other nations in qualities and who are especially China and elsewhere were exhorted fitted for specific tasks for which to be of real service to China by persons are sought."

spreading knowledge of the real "Cooperation and Unity," was facts regarding China, by support- the subject of a two-day delibera- ing a fair policy in dealing with tion by Commission IV, H. C. Tsao, China and by practical cooperation leader. They expressed apprecia- in China's reconstruction. tion of the assurance given at The following telegram was sent Jerusalem, that the older churches to President Chiang Kai-shek and do not desire "to impose beliefs the government in Nanking: and practices" upon the younger The nation being now united, the churches nor to bind up the Gosera of political tutelage has begun, pel with fixed ecclesiastical forms reconstruction is under way and the but desire to leave the younger nation is rejoicing …. churches free to express the Gos- We look to the Government to up- pel through their own genius and hold religious liberty, promote moral through forms suitable to their education, reduce military establishments, suppress banditry and work for racial heritage." It expressed permanent peace. thankfulness that the Jerusalem Conference saw the "urgent neces- This humble organization desires sity to eliminate the complexity of with its fellow Christians in the en- the missionary enterprise due to tire country activity to propagate the the great number of denominations religious teaching of universal love and the diversity and even compeaccording to Christ and thereby to try tition of the missionary agencies." to complete the great work started by Dr. Sun, of building a new nation. It urged that consideration be In the work of the coming year we given to the possibility of re- shall devote special effort in support moving hindrances to the mutual of the government in such movements recognition by one church of the as the suppression of opium and pros- members of the other churches and titution, the improvement of family that there be an interchange of life, the amelioration of the conditions delegates at meetings of church of agricultural and industrial workers. bodies.

Dr. Luella Miner was chairman It expressed its gratification at of a third commission on "Leader- the recognition by the Interna- ship." The need for a careful tional Missionary Council that "the study of the whole problem of relation of the Church and mission recruiting and training church should be 'church-centric' and that workers was emphasized. This this conception of foreign missions training should be planned and makes it necessary'to revise the supervised "under conditions sim- functions of the mission, where it ilar to those which will be met in is an administrative agency, so actual service." that the indigenous church will be- A recommendation was made come the center from which the that "hereafter missionaries be whole missionary enterprise of the

LOOKING FORWARD IN CHINA

area will be directed." In coop- "holding" bodies for church properation with the I. M. C. a thor- erty, which a number of the misough scientific study of the whole sions are prepared to lease to the problem of self-support is to be Chinese Church. undertaken. The Council is to be reorganized The council passed important and the delegates next spring are recommendations regarding the Christian program in rural dis- to be elected by the churches and tricts as follows: not by missions. 1. That the Council, in cooperation Dr. T. C. Bau was chosen chairwith other national Christian organizations and church bodies, assist the man of the National Christian College of Agriculture and Forestry Council to succeed Dr. Z. T. Yui, of Nanking University to plan for the whose efficient and devoted service reorganization of the Summer Insti- during six difficult years are highly tute of the University more adequately appreciated. Mr. C. I. Cio and to meet the needs of rural pastors, Miss T. C. Kuan were appointed to evangelists, teachers and lay leaders, the secretarial staff during the both men and women. past year.

2. That the Rural Life Committee There was much inspiration reselect a rural church in which a cor- ceived at the meetings of the Counrelated program will be carried out cil. Rev. Li Shih-men, of Canton, as an experiment, using local leader- told how in spite of communist upship assisted by experienced workers. risings the church had made prog- ress during the past year as seen 3. That the Council secure as soon in education, in extensive evangelas practicable a member of its staff ism-one meeting being attended to give special attention to rural by 5,OOO-and in the organization work. of a Chinese Bible Society which had already sold 80,000 copies of 4. That the Council earnestly com- the Scriptures. Rev. C. T. Chang. mend the findings of the Jerusalem of Hunan, said that street preachmeeting on Rural Problems to the ing is possible again in Changsha Churches and Missions in China as "the Moscow of China." Rev. E. a basis for study in seeking to form- S. Yu, of Kaifeng felt that Hunan ulate a comprehensive program for is to be congratulated that in Gen. rural work of the Church in China. Feng YU-hsiang "Christian prin- ciples have been woven into his During the coming year, the personality and his works even if Council is to investigate the ques- he should deny connection with the tion of the registration of the movement." Churches with the Government and the method of creating Chinese THE CALL TO PREACH AND PRACTICE All simple is the work to preach the Cross; To practice it puts life where death has been; To seek for gains but fills the earth with loss, And ease in saviours keeps earth full of sin.

o valiant warriors of our conquering Lord, Receive the call again that sends men out; Take to the field, and with your battle sword Fight till the world shall hear the victory shout 1 -Otto H. Houser.

EVANGELISTS-REV. C. K. LEE. 1IIR. LELAND WANG. REV. MARCUS

NEW HOPE FOR CHINA BY GEORGE T. B. DAVIS T HERE are signs of a new Another indication of the new day in China. One of the order of things lies in the desire rays of the approaching dawn of the Christians for ecclesiastical is the change of attitude of Chi- independence. This is the very nese leaders with regard to com- goal for which the missionaries munism. A year or two ago have been longing and praying for Bolshevism was sweeping over decades. One missionary society China like a prairie fire. Today is turning their churches entirely both civil and military leaders are over to the Chinese; and the misdoing their utmost to stamp it out. sionaries, accompanied by' Chinese This constitutes a remarkable an- evangelists, will do pioneer work swer to the prayer of God's chil- in preaching the Gospel in undren in many lands. Let us pray reached towns and villages. that those in authority may realize that the Lord Jesus Christ and the Another augury of the new day Word of God are the only hope of is the widespread dissatisfaction China. with intellectual sermons and so- cial service; and a returning to Another encouraging sign lies in the simple preaching of the Cross the fact that persecution has not as the only thing that will satisfy wrecked the church in China, but the soul, and lead sinners into the has purified the true followers of Light. A group of Chinese pas- Christ, and has prepared the way tors and evangelists returned to for a great work of the Spirit of Shanghai after a tour of several God. In some cases the churches weeks in South China and the have grown while passing through leader of the party, Mr. C. K. Lee, persecution. tells how both pastors and people 88

NEW HOPE FOR CHINA

are turning away from the husks the life-giving Books have been of subterfuge, and are hungry for sent to missionaries, pastors, and other workers for wise and careful the Gospel. distribution. This great victory Rev. T. Darlington, of the Mil- has been wrought by a great vol- ume of believing prayer on the ton Stewart Evangelistic Fund, part of God's children in many tells of three pastors in North lands. From far and near come China who were about to give up tidings of the glorious blessing their churches and go into secular work. All three gained a new vi- A CHINESE POLICEMAN WITH HIS sion of Christ, and have gone back to· preach the Gospel in the power POCKET TESTAMENT of the Spirit. Far and near come encouraging reports of open and that is following the presentation receptive hearts following the re- of the Testaments. cent turmoil. The first 1,000 Testaments have Another hopeful sign is the been given away in this city. The readines5 of the people to hear the blessing received far exceeds our Gospel message. One of the Chi- expectations. The Christians are nese evangelists, Mr. Leland Wang more than ever reading their was converted while serving in the Bibles. Our meetings are full of Chinese Navy, and later resigned souls who are wanting to learn to devote his entire time to preach- more about Christ. Many have ing Christ. Recently in Hongkong decided for Christ, and have given the largest theatre in the city was their names as inquirers. When crowded, with hundreds standing, to hear him preach the Gospel of salvation through Christ. Mr. Wang and his associates have used thousands of the pocket' Testaments, and recently he sent for 2,000 more for use in Foochow, his home city.

Another auspicious event is the bold testimony for Christ given by General Chang Chih chiang in high governmental and other circles. He unflinchingly proclaims the Gospel to high and low and rich and poor. In an address to Shanghai bankers, he told them that Christianity and the Christians are the hope of China. General Chang loves the Word of God so much that he has purchased thousands of Bibles and Testaments for distribution.

Another harbinger of the new day in China is the success attending the nation-wide distribution of New Testaments. Over 600,000 of

we have received more Testaments, the distribution of the Testaments we will start at our eleven out- is Mr. T. H. Lin, one of the staff stations. of the American Bible Society.

Mr. Wang, a Chinese worker, re- During a recent visit to Central ceived such blessing from giving China he sent urgent requests for the Word to others that he has 4,000 of the pocket Testaments.

decided to distribute Testaments In Shanghai, last spring, Mar- as long as he lives. Another Chi- shall Feng welcomed back Mr. and nese, Mr. Yen, tells of the remark- Mrs. Sallee and their party of mis- sionaries to the province of Honan.

They arrived safely in Kaifeng, the capital, and found no trace of anti-foreign feeling. The mission school compound was occupied by about a thousand wounded soldiers.

The missionaries began preaching to them and on the second Sunday memorable scenes were witnessed.

The church, which seats about six hundred, was packed with men who filled the aisles, the pulpit platform, and the window sills. At the close of the service so few left that a second sermon was de- livered. Then the men were re- quested to go, and the building was filled again with women.

In spite of all the missionary ef- fort in China for decades past, many believe that probably three hundred million people in China have never yet clearly heard the Gospel message. In apostolk days it was in a time of great affliction that the Gospel spread. This may be true today.

GENERAl, CHANG CHIH CHIANG Not the least of all the signs of hope for a new day in China, is able results that came from giving the fact that the Holy Spirit is lay- copies of the Testament to those ing a burden of intercessory prayer who were opposed to Christianity. for a great spiritual awakening He says: "I received twenty copies upon the hearts of His children in of the Pocket Testament, and dis- many lands.

tributed them to twenty men who Shall we continue to pray earn- were anti-Christian. We followed estly and fervently for the mis- up the work, and fourteen of these sionaries and pastors and Chinese have become Christians." Christians, for the spread of the One of the most enthusiastic of Word of God, and for spiritual the hundreds of Chinese pastors awakening, so that a new day of and workers who have helped in spiritual life wiII dawn in China?

W. H. T. GAIRDNER OF CAIRO*

A Many Talented Missionary to Moslems BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Cairo, Egypt O N MAY 22, 1928, there en- habits _. . . .. Why should Christians tered into rest and the glori- have narrow minds? What grace is ous Life of the triumphant there in them? None whatever. In faithful, one of the most distin- fact, the very reverse. Have you never guished leaders of missionary work heard real unfairness in argument-a in the Near East. From Cairo, as total want of sympathy with any point the centre of his life-activities, that of view save the speaker's own-an wonderful spirit influenced wide circles far beyond Egypt, while in WILLIAM H. 'l'ElMPLEl GAIRDNER the great capital of the Moslem world his soul burned with the ardor of a star of the first magnitude in its · intellectual brilliancy and the versatility of his genius.

Gairdner from his youth up had the best educational advantages, not only in a Christian home of culture and refinement, but in his preparatory studies and at Oxford. There he was soon distinguished as a scholar and he remained one all his life. He loved books and .devoured them but always with discrimination. The best Book of all books was therefore worthy of his most earnest study and most rigid spiritual discipline. While still an undergraduate he gave an address on "The First Duty of Students" which is a key to his own life: If once a man goes down from ungracious intolerance, which makes college without having acquired the one feel inclined to take sides against habit of study, he will never acquire what one really believes? These are it. These years at college are our one characteristics of the warped mind. chance. Often enough even studious And such minds are often produced men, who get caught into the busy by failure to study while at college. whirl of a practical life, have perforce Let us be broad-minded in the true to drop this habit of study. But they sense of that much misused, muchcan never lose the benefit of past abused word.

• As a fuli biography of Canon Guirdner is One can judge how wide the Boon to appear from the pres8 written by his range of his scholarship was by an incident that took place during the ;~~&ago~1y i~tt~~~~' t~1i::et~h 1f·er~a:o~~ki~~: world war. There were more than {If the portrait and give a few reminiscenses of his many-sided ilfe–a life of four dimensions toward GOd and maIl.-S. M. Z.

91

a score of Y. M. C. A. centres and conventionalities. He was too busy camps for the armies in Egypt. about men's souls to spend much Gairdner among many others was time on dress; his versatile mind, expected to lecture at Kantara for ever ready to turn its attention in some days to the soldiers. In a new and unexplored quarter, answer to a question about sub- could not fix itself on the trivial jects, he sent the following list of things of life and sometimes topics from which to select: seemed to wander far from the "Mohammed; Mohammedanism; obviously close at hand. This ex- The History of Egypt, Ancient, plains his frequent absent-minded- Middle, or Modern; Modern Novel- ness. He was a good story-teller, ists and H. G. Wells; Ancient and an excellent companion, a skillful Modern Cosmogonies (early sys- musician (on the piano and the tems of Astronomy and the latest) ; organ which he often played simul- The Causes of the War from Cresar taneously); he was also an artist to Kaiser (race movements and in temperament, a dramatist and European history): Some Shakes-' poet. All of these gifts of genius peare plays; Robert Louis Steven- he laid on the altar of service for son; The Development and the King. His dramatic entertain- Structure of 'Music; How the Hier- ments and musical evenings (when oglyphics were Deciphered." Such Mrs. Gairdner added her talents) was the list on that half sheet of were a delight to the whole mis- paper and he asked for half a day's sionary community in Cairo and to notice before giving a lecture! a wide circle of other friends. Once Judge from this the force, the a year he might play "Charlie grace, the versatility of the man Chaplin" to the uproarious amusewho proposed, mid the flies and ment of children and their elders, tobacco smoke of a Y. M. C. A. hut, but all through the year he was the to talk to newly-enlisted men and warm and welcome friend of chilveteran officers on such themes and dren in his own home, of unfortuyet hold their attention. Gairdner, nate children in the hospitals and however, was not a naturally easy of the Egyptian children with speaker. His manner of speech was whom he came in contact. often hesitating and his bodily presence was sometimes against Here was a missionary who gave him. A friend at Oxford described one short life-time of service, in him as "active, vigorous, athletic, one place to one great idea-the with a well-built figure but which evangelization of Moslems. He he generally covered with unat- found his lever and fulcrum in tractive and ill-fitting clothes." Cairo and set out to move a world. Who can forget seeing him minus collar and necktie on a bicycle read- His call to special service in ing a newspaper and pushing the Egypt came through a godly wopedals to be on time at a Com- man, Miss Annie Van Sommer, at mittee! a summer conference, and this word spoken in faith had results far beyond all expectation.

One Great Purpose Before he sailed for Egypt to work under the Church Mission- With one great purpose in life, ary Society he gave unstinted serv- to exalt and preach Christ Cruci- ice to the Christian Student fied, Gairdner was careless of many Movement in Great Britain. He

CANON W. H. T. GAIRDNER OF CAIRO

CANON GAIRDNER. BISHOP McINNES (NOW IN JERUSALEM) AND SIX MOSLEM CONVERTS WHO RECEIVED BAPTISM I~ CAIRO wrote three study textbooks on still are, and not reaching much of the Prayer and on the Gospel of St. strongest and best material at all; John; he won recruits for service while men are not being won-and abroad; he deepened spiritual life how few men are being won!-while in the universities, for he had al- the very desire to win them, instead ready come under the influence of of burning like a fire within the bones men such as John R. Mott, Robert of those who profess Christ, is often P. Wilder and Robert E. Speer. No cold, or sometimes positively does not wonder that he wrote: exist-is our ideal realised?

Our purpose must be, then, to enter Gairdner's missionary ideals every college in the Kingdom, and hav- were lofty but sober. No one ing entered it, win it wholly for realised as keenly as he that the Christ. Or, to put it into a phrase, evangelization of Egypt was humust not our aims be to win the col- manly an impossible task. He did leges for Christ, each of all and all not underestimate the strength of of each? …. " While our Unions are Islam, nor was he ignorant of the touching a mere set, as many of them tremendous under-tow in the surf

for those who tried to save the world, is today forestalling and lost. If ever a man travailed and gaining on Christianity."

toiled to bring a rescued man Face to face with such a problem through the breakers it was Gaird- in the presentation of Christ, nero At his funeral some of these Gairdner was not only an earnest trophies of God's saving grace missionary but an able apologist broke down in tears when they re- and theologian. All of us in Cairo membered what their salvation had turned to him for inspiration and cost him. In July 1919 he wrote to guidance in the inevitable Moslem Dr. Mott: controversy forced upon us through The great thing, I think, to realize their press and their champions. is, that in coming to the Levant, you In his paper for the Jerusalem are coming to Mission fields entirely Council Meeting he said: different from India, China and Japan, Contact with Unitarian, deistic so that it might be expected, a priori Islam forces the Christian to work out that the plan and the conduct d your his theology experientially. Consider inter-mission conferences will also be the Eastern Churches which so lament- ably failed to stay or stem Islam. different.

The chief differences which I note What is their key-note? It is "ortho- are :-there, . old mission-fields, here doxy." To the average Eastern Chris- young ones: there organized churches tian "orthodoxy" conveys a purely of converts and their descendants, here intellectual and metaphysical signifi- almost none of such, but onJy old cance. If there be any ethical reality oriental churches and churches recent- underlying the jilioque controversy, it ly formed at their expense; conse- may reside just here, that the Eastern quently, there, comparatively little Churches thought only of the trans- sectarian feeling, here sectarian feel- cendental origin of the Holy Ghost, and ing, which in some cases is almost co- left out of their creed the fact that, extensive with religious feeling; there dispensationally, He is mediated to us governments largely friends, and ever, always, and only by the glorified publics ready to be well-disposed, here Jesus Christ. The "Catholic" Churches governments intensely unfriendly, and of the West have shared this danger public in a present state of savage ill- of considering the Trinity first and disposition. foremost transcendentally, and equally so have those Churches which vow al- The Impossible-l'ossible l'roblem legiance to Calvin and Luther. Such In his little book "The Rebuke of an attitude is helpless against Islam. Islam" he stated truly that Islam Who can teIl what moral results will was "the impossible-possible problem. For it is the only one of the accrue, when we allow the Trinity to dominate the devotional life of the heart, as well as our theology? Who great religions to come after Chris- shall gauge the debt we may yet have tianity; the only one that definitely co confess to Islam, if that great an- claims to correct, complete and tagonist prove finally to have comsupersede Christianity; the only pelled us to explore unknown depths one that categorically denies the of the riches of the revelation of the truth of Christianity; the only one Triune God?

that has in the past signally de- We have quoted these words at feated Christianity; the only one length because they express Gaird- that seriously disputes the world ner's theology and the theology with Christianity; the only one which we believe will yet win the which, in several parts of the Moslem world.

All through his quarter of a cen- from his pen "The Life of D. L. tury of service in Egypt, preach- Thornton," "Edinburgh 1910," ing, organizing, and dealing with "The Rebuke of Islam," "Notes on many inquirers-the missionary the Epistle to the Romans," and found time (nay took the golden three important works on the hours) to write. He struggled to Arabic language, its grammar, free himself from routine. Apolo- prosody and phonetics. In addition gizing for long silence he writes in to all this he founded a monthly May, 1927: Christian Magazine in Arabic and English and was its chief editor for My dear old Sam,-Peccavi-mea twenty-one years. Its circulation maxima Culpa-al haqq 'alayya, and and support was his constant care, if there be any other expression con- and, before his death, his pen was ceive it said. I expect you have de- able to extend its influence in spaired of me. Let me say just this: widening circles, from Alexandria from July to January I was at home on to Khartoum. The magazine' Orileave, and I wrote no letters, for I ent and Occident has a great numhad more going on than I could really ber of Moslem readers, also outside manage or do justice to: and from of Egypt, and has become the open February to date it has been one un- forum for intelligent discussion of successful attempt to catch up the lost religious problems for the young first-half of the year :-. . . . . . Life Egyptian. in Cairo is the usual pressed-bullybeef tub of conferences and com- It is, however, not the quantity, mittees. How to escape from these but the quality of Gairdner's literthings I know not. And yet I have ary work that is astonishing. His got clear of the A. C. L. S. M., the "What Happened Before the He- N. M. P. and the standing Committee gira 1" is one of the most telling of the Egypt Intermission Council. approaches to the Moslem mind But there remains the Fellowship of ever written. The same is true of Unity, the Western Asia and N. A. his "Death of the Perfect Man" as Council, the Standing Committee of an interpretation of the very heart the C. M. S., and the Native-Church of the Atonement. And what can Committee, the Bulac Church Com- one say of his remarkable Bible mittee, and the School of Oriental dramas and Miracle-plays? Those Studies and as all these are thriving who were present at the first presinstitutions, and all make their chief entation of "Joseph" by Egyptians efforts in the spring you can imagine to an Egyptian audience will never how it is. forget the genius of its production and the reverence of the listeners. As An Author Boys from the Old Cairo Mission School were the actors. The The list of Gairdner's Arabic church was filled to the doors; the publications cover many fields of scenery was simplicity itself but literature. Eleven tracts and books the acting superb under Gairdner's on Islam and Christianity came leadership and its moving climax from his fertile pen and some of was Joseph as type of Christ. One them were often reprinted and who knew what took place behind translated; all of them are in- the scenes says: creasingly valuable. Twelve books on Bible Study and Bible biog- At the close, as the church emptied, raphy; six on prayer and the de- and the spell cast by the play gradually votional life for Oriental Christians.

In the English language we have

lifted, a figure in a black cassock was and methods." The book, there- left kneeling by the stage, his features fore, in a sense, is an auto-biogmotionless in prayer. It was the author-producer. The drama in Cairo raphy, although never so intended had been consecrated at last, and by the author. During the last steeped in the spirit of prayer. months of Gairdner's severe ill- ness, the circle of friends sur- It will illustrate Gairdner's power of concentration when I tell you that rounded him was composed of men, one at least of those scriptural plays women and children, Syrians, was written as he sat on the third Egyptians, Americans, Germans, class deck of a Mediterranean steamer Swedes, British of every church between Alexandria and Brindisi, and from among Moslems. At the writing, writing, writing, oblivious to funeral all Christian Cairo was passing meals, and dancing sailors,. represented-it was a common sor- and playing children, as hour after row for the loss of a friend that hour the characters came to life under brought so heterogeneous a comhis pen. A thread was tied round the manuscript at Brindisi,-to his wife pany to the church and around the for typing, and so to the publisher. grave. Like Daniel, he was "a man This in the hours of furlough after greatly beloved." The secret and the stresses of·a Cairo year. strength of that love was well ex- pressed by one of his closest Most of all, this man of ten talents, was a friend. He had the friends, the Rev. Maurice Richgenius and the passion for making mond, at the conclusion of his and holding friendships regardless memorial address in St. Mary's of racial, social, or language dis- Church, Cairo. It is a true picture tinctions. His mind Was inter- of a great missionary and great national; he loved to bridge lover of Christ: differences, he had a passion for Christian unity and felt personally The fruit of the spirit is love, joy, humiliated when missionary peace. And we thank God for the life groups or individuals failed to in which this fruit was so varied and understand each other. Early in so pure. Love-joy-peace. May we his missionary career David found paraphrase those words? Friendshiphis Jonathan. In a close alliance zest in life–and that free inward he and Douglas Thornton worked harmony of all his powers in the heartas brothers for eight years, al- loyal service of Christ and of his though both were twins in genius Kingdom. Yes, we thank God for the and education, they were strongly life of such a friend: contrasted in temperament and gifts. When Gairdner lost Thorn- "One who never turned his baCK but ton it well-nigh broke his heart. marched breast forward, When he wrote his biography it Never doubted clouds would break, was to him not the story of a life Never dreamed, though right were worsted, wrong would triumph, Held we fall to rise, are baffled to fight better, but "a study in missionary ideals Sleep to wake."

The glory of life is to love, not to be loved; to give, not to get; to serve, not to be served.-Hugh Black. (Congregationalist, Dec. 6.)

SUPREME PERSON AND

SUPREME QUEST"

BY REV. ROBERT A. HUME, D.D., Auburndale, Mass.

For Fifty Year8 a Missionary oj the American Board in India Dr. Hume, who first went out to India as a missionary in 1874, exerted a widf' and blessed influence there. He was the means of leading many to follow Christ and was honored by the Indian Government. He says: .

"My great desire and chief effort is to bring every one into personal contact with the Lord Jesus Christ, in the conviction that He will draw the soul into accepting His help. I first gave this address in the hall of the College of a Hindu Prince, the Maharaja of Kolhapur. It was printed, at the request of Hindus and Christians, went through several editions in English, translated and printed in four Indian languages and was also translated into Telugu by an unbaptized Hindu prince, the Raja Bhujaugrao of Ellore, whom I had never met. This condensed report shows how the Christian message is sometimes given by a missionary in India."

BROTHERS, let me share with Jesus Christ Is the Supreme Thinker you the highest privilege of One reason why I consider Jesus my life. Only life produces Christ the Supreme Person is that life. Every one's chief values He is the greatest thinker that ever come not from "things," but from lived. What constitutes anyone a intimacy with good persons. Is great thinker? It is, first, his hav- ing true and thorough understandthe possession of wealth or political ing of fundamental principles; or social preeminence a great per- second, his power to express his manent satisfaction? There is a thoughts in lucid, virile, penetratproverb, "Uneasy lies the head ing language; so that, third, all that wears a crown." The poet sorts of people can understand his Cowper says, "Knowledge and wis- thought; and, fourth, so that they dom, far from being one, have oft can and will pass those thoughts times no connection." Byron on to others, and thus his thoughts wrote, "The tree of knowledge is will become the thoughts of more not that of life." No "thing" gives and still more men. Is Jesus genuine or permanent satisfaction. Christ such a thinker? Only the possession of a worthy character gives solid satisfaction What Is God Like 1 to a spirit. You and I are spirits, though at present living in bodies. Most people would say that prob- The main aid to developing a noble ably the most difficult subject on character is association with which one can think clearly and worthy persons. The worthier helpfully is about the infinite God.

they are, the greater the gain. Here is a specimen of Jesus The greatest gain will come from Christ's teaching on this subject: the supreme person. To me the "He that hath seen me hath seen supreme person is Jesus Christ. the Father"; i. e., God being in- Let me tell you how Jesus Christ visible, illimitable, undefinable, no has helped me. mere words can give an adequate * Dr. Hurne, from his rich experience, is conception of Him. Therefore for us the best workable, vital way of available for missionary addresses. The above understanding God is to see and message shows bow a Christian missionary interpret Him through that revelasometimes presents Christ and the Gc>spel, but it Is not the whole message or the whole Go"pel.-EDITOR.

97 2

Lion of Himself which Jesus Christ started for home. "While he was was. In this brief sentence of afar off his father saw him, and eight words of one syllable and a was moved with compassion, and ninth of two syllables Jesus Christ mn and fell on his neck and kissed condensed His thought and teach- him." Then in joy at the repentant ing about the infinite God, viz., "In boy's return, he ordered his servcharacter God is like me." Does ants to make a feast, and to put this meet the above four tests? Is the best clothes on the returned it simple, ludd, understandable by prodigal to show how inexpressibly plain people, and can and will such glad the father was. According to people pass it on to others? Jesus Christ this is an illustration of how God feels toward His err- How God Feels About All Men ing children. Is this teaching on a vital subject lucid, easy to under- An important particular aspect stand and easy to pass on to others? of helpful thought about God is a true, lucid, forceful statement of A really great thinker apprehow He feels toward all men. This hends and teaches universal prinis how Jesus Christ put this: ciples. There is no more marked "What man is there of you who, characteristic of Christ than His if his son'shall ask him for bread, absolute freedom from and supewill give him a stone? If ye then, riority to traditionalism. And the being evil, know how to give good largeness of His thinking is seen gifts unto your children, how much from the fact that He never more shall your Father who is in criticized imperfect conceptions heaven give good things to them without also unfolding the obscure that ask Him"; that is, God thinks, core of truth in beliefs and pracfeels and acts toward all men as tices which seemed imperfect and good fathers think, feel and act to- limited. Thus He said, "Think not ward their children. Only because that I am come to destroy, but to human fathers are imperfect, while fulfil," i. e., to fill thought and God is a perfect Father, our Fa- habit and life fuller and still fuller. ther God is sure always to do His very best for every child of His. The Aim of Jesus Christ Is this brief figurative teaching lucid, understandable, easy to pass His one and only aim was origon to others? inal, majestic, universal. An un- tutored young man, brought up in Important as it is to know what a little village of a small subject God thinks and feels about all men, country, what did He say that He it is more urgent to appreciate how aimed at, and felt sure He could He feels about His erring children, do? Nothing less than to establish because that is what you and I in the whole world for all time the are. The characteristic teaching universal Kingdom of God on the of .Tesus Christ on this vital subject principles of truth! No one else is His story which might be called ever conceived and proclaimed "A Father's joy over the return such a program. And His vision home of an erring son." A wilful included the expectation that He, son had grieved his father and one man, without a single ordinary wasted the father's property in asset of any kind, was to establish riotous living. After a while the this Kingdom by gradually drawson began to realize his sin and ing all men to Himself, even when

THE SUPREME PERSON AND THE SUPREME QUEST

He should be invisible. "If I be them through special means. Also lifted up, I will draw all men unto it had its ebb and flow. The con- myself." And He is doing it. stant, controlling spiritual experi- Men rightly quote the words of ence of Jesus Christ was that He great thinkers and writers. Plato, was ever in the Father and the Fa- Shakespeare, Emerson and Shan- ther in Him. His first recorded karacharya were representative utterance was when at twelve writers among Greeks, English- years of age He had gone to a re- men, Americans and Indians. Let ligious gathering in Jerusalem.

us judge of their greatness by the The other boys of His company extent to which men everywhere were watching the crowds and quote from them. In the English sights. Jesus was constantly in language a good many quotations the temple. . After a three-day from Shakespeare occur. This is search when His parents found evidence that he was a virile Him there, His mother mildly writer. Can you quote any of chided Him, saying, "Son, why Plato's words? You may be able hast thou thus dealt with us?" He to recall some sententious expres- replied, "How is it that ye sought sion of Emerson. Possibly you can me? Knew ye not that I must be repeat a few words of Shankara- in the things of my Father?" In charya. Yet probably a larger adult life some of His character- proportion of well-educated In- istic words were: "All things have dians use more quotations from been delivered unto me of my Fa- Jesus Christ than from Plato, ther"; "I am not alone, because the Shakespeare, Emerson and Shan- Father is with me"; "The Father karacharya. In the world at large hath not left me alone."

direct or indirect quotations from No human being ever made such Jesus Christ would probably ex- claims to moral perfection as the ceed quotations from all other Lord Jesus Christ made. Yet no thinkers put together. In the Eng- one seems to feel that in this He lish language how many of the made an unworthy or excessive thoughts of the greatest writers claim. He often said that His like Browning, Tennyson and work was to help others to over- others are the thoughts of Christ come their sin. Yet He calmly in somewhat changed words. It claimed that He himself was sin- would hardly be amiss to say that less, e. g., He said, "I do always Jesus Christ is the only thinker the things that are pleasing to who is recognized in every land by Him" (i. e., to God). The holiest the most intelligent persons as the men are the most sensitive to their Supreme Thinker. own defects. Jesus Christ never repented. On the contrary, He Jesus Christ Is the Supreme Person said calmly to the religious leaders As holiness is a higher attribute of His day, "Which of you con- of God than knowledge or power, victeth me of sin?"

so is it a higher attribute of the Another spiritual characteristic supreme person. E. g., JESUS of Jesus Christ was His respect CHRIST HAD AN EVER-PRESENT CON- for and sympathy with men. No SCIOUSNESS OF GOD. Some holy one ever had so much respect for men have had some God-vision. men as Christ. His favorite This was gradually acquired by designation for Himself was "The

son of man," thereby meaning praised, the smallest kind deed that, as a dutiful son feels for his done without thought of reward, father the profoundest respect, joy even a cup of water given to any thirsty person, will be counted by in association with him, and in Him as done to Himself. Jesus service for him, so Jesus Christ Christ was the greatest apprefelt respect for all men as men, joy ciator. in association with them, even when erring, and intense satisfac- The Authority Claimed by Jesus tion in sacrificing Himself for those whose son He was. It was No one ever lived Who made one this appreciation of the worth of hundredth part of the claim to aumankind which led Him to live thority which Jesus Christ made. among them and to sacrifice Him- He plainly and always claimed that self for the moral regeneration of He was introducing into the world the race. Therefore, of all per- a new spiritual order through sons who ever lived He is unques- which the old order would be fultionably supreme in sympathy and filled and then superseded. It was compassion. It is astonishing on this astounding claim that He based His authority 10 command. how much of the time and strength "All authority hath been given of this great thinker and moral unto me, in heaven and on earth. leader was given to alleviating Go, therefore, and make disciples physical troubles. Even more was of all the nations." "Heaven and He moved by the knowledge of earth shall pass away, but my spiritual need. When others were words shall not pass away." in perplexity, "He groaned in spirit The decisive mark and test of and was troubled." the highest type of person is his Fineness in quickly and ade- capacity for pain and his way of accepting it. "Love's strength quately appreciating what is standeth in love's sacrifice, and worthy, especially when this is whoso suffers most hath most to give." In our India, renunciation largely concealed, is one of the is the hall-mark of noble character. noblest traits of character. An indication of Christ's attitute toward The Supreme Person must be men is the minuteness and delicacy the supreme sufferer; one who of His appreciation of their littlest undergoes suffering for a supreme services and excellencies. Jesus purpose in a supreme spirit. Is saw a very poor widow glide into there a moment's question as to whether or not Jesus Christ is the the temple, and unostentatiously supreme sufferer of all time? drop two of the smallest coins into Through Him the cross has become the box for offerings. This, which a symbol not only of His own selfno one else noticed, Jesus not only sacrifice for the regeneration of observed, but so appreciated that mankind, but in literature "the He said to His disciples, Did you cross" has become the synonym see what that widow did? In it- for all noble endurance of sufferself hers was a tiny offering. But ing for the good of others. What because, despite her poverty, in a world of suggestiveness is in the gratitude she gave God her all it fact that, because the Lord Jesus excelled in value all the gifts of all Christ endured in His matchless the rich. At another time the Lord Jesus said that when at the last the characters of men shall be ap-

THE SUPREME PERSON AND THE SUPREME QUEST

way His shameful end on a par- our wills. Honestly is not the folticular kind of wood, "The Cross" lowing poem applicable to you? has become practically the only figure to express the noblest self- "We know the path wherein our feet sacrifice. The influence of the suf- should pass, fering Christ upon the hearts of men is such as to awaken in them Across our hearts are written Thy degratitude and devotion strong crees, enough to change their characters and their lives. A recognition of Yet now, 0 Lord, be merciful to bless His personal relation to them in with steel, to strike the blow. His great sacrifice has made the wicked penitent, has made the self- Grant us the will to fashion as we feel, satisfied conscious of deep un- Grant us the strength to labor as we worthiness. A consciousness of Christ's sufferings for men is the know, highest moral dynamic among Grant us the purpose, ribbed and edged men. with steel, to strike the blow. First I showed that Christ is the Knowledge we ask not-knowledge Thou supreme thinker; next that spir- hast lent, itually He is the Supreme Person, But Lord, the will-there lies our bitter most worthy of your reverence and need, love. But there is a third even Give us to build above the deep intent, stronger reason why the Lord The deed, the deed."

Jesus is the Supreme Person. He Brothers, very briefly and inadeis the supreme strengthener of the quately, I have tried to show how Jesus Christ is the Supreme Per- 'Will. And man's chief defect is not son because He is the Supreme lack of knowledge, but weakness of Thinker, the Supreme Spiritual Person, and the Supreme Strengthwill. This is true of men in every ener of the Will. This is my percountry. But in our beloved India sonal experience. This has been the experience of millions of this weakness of will has been others. Now let us speak a little upon the vital importance of makfearfully increased by the caste ing a sincere, a persistent quest system. through which individual- for personal relations to Him. ity and personal responsibility have been sadly repressed. In the The Supreme Quest caste system men are not permitted to decide for themselves what is If Jesus Christ is the Supreme right or best for them to do. They Person, then everyone's supreme must follow what caste and custom desire and quest should be how decide, whatever the individual soonest and best to get into intithinks or feels or wishes. Caste mate association with Him. One has worked fearful economic and of the most helpful proverbs is social harm to our country. But this: "The good is the worst its worst injury has been to our enemy of the best." Nothing mora~ faculty. It has dulled con- shows the normal weakness of men science, and has emasculated the so much as their astonishing willwill-power of millions. Therefore ingness to be satisfied with less no country so much as India needs than the best possible for themsome great Person to strengthen selves in many matters when a de- termined effort requires one to struggle for the best, and to face more or less obloquy from those with whom we are associated. Let me show you how in a simple, prac- tical manner you can and should

make a persistent and ceaseless easily obtained than any other quest for intimacy with the Su- writings and are more inspiring preme Person. than the biographies of any other Jesus Christ won His first dis- person. I do not ask you to read ciples by saying two simple words, those writings in order to accept "Follow me." Once any earnest the interpretation of them which man responded to Christ's call in I or anyone else would give. I those two words he received as the trust God's Spirit to help you to reward of the loyal quest a grow- understand much of their signifi- ing likeness to that Master through cance. But try to read without association with Him. Take a few bias and with a teachable spirit.

illustrations from His biography. Second, ask God's guidance that A man of very fickle character, you may understand and reach the whose name Simon meant "the right attitude toward the Supreme fickle one," became a disciple of Person. This is what men usually Jesus. That relation to Jesus call "prayer." Prayer is not say- changed that man's character, and ing some good words to God at even his name was changed to regular times. There is hardly Peter, meaning "firm as a rock." any more helpful definition of A hot-tempered, fiery disciple, prayer than the following simple John, became one of the gentlest of lines: men. Simply by associating with "Prayer is the soul's sincere desire, Him an adulteress became a pure Unuttered or expressed, woman, about whom thereafter no The motion of a hidden fire one could have a suspicion. A hard-hearted man, Zaccheus, who That trembles in the breast." had dishonestly amassed wealth, Prayer is the attitude of one's sou] toward His Father.

received Jesus as a casual visitor. Often Think of Jesus Christ Even this short interview with the Third, associate 'With Christ in Supreme Person changed that thought. Innumerable sons and avaricious man into an honest, and daughters have mental and spir- even a generous man. itual association with absent "Lord, what a change within us one short parents; thousands of grateful hour pupils have mental and spiritual association with revered teachers, Spent in Thy presence will avail to some of whom have left this world. make!" Such mental association with the Read the Life of Christ In India, as the world over, invisible Christ was the way by many, many things make it hard which Paul followed Him. Paul to follow Jesus Christ. However, was thinking of Him so much that I mention four simple and practical it was the simple truth for Paul suggestions. to say, "For me to live is Christ"; First, often and· thoughtfully "I live, yet not I, but Christ liveth read the four short biographies of in me." Such thinking and think- Jesus Christ which are the very ing and thinking about 'Christ, and first writings in the New Testa- longing and longing to become like ment. How can you get into close Him, is the principal way by relations with the Supreme Person which most strong Indian Chris- unless you at least often read the tians have become Christ's fol- records of His life which are more lowers.

THE SUPREME PERSON AND THE SUPREME QUEST

Finally, associate with Christ by that He was invisibly with them, honestly doing what by His ex- and was Himself doing the service, ample, by His teaching, or by some only He was doing it through them.

inspiration you think that He Is not that how every teacher of wishes you to do. What Christ science or of any trade associates most desires is not some profession with his pupils? Such a teacher by words, but single-minded fol- puts his pupils into a laboratory or lowing of truth, of purity, of self- shop, and tells them actually to do sacrifice, and of service of brother with their own hands what they men. With solemn irony He still have learned from him in theory.

says, "Not everyone that saith unto This is the only way by which me Lord, Lord, shall enter into the pupils can actualiy become what a kingdom of heaven; but he that teacher wants them to become.

doeth the will of my Father." That is, pupils associate with Christ and Particular Duties teachers and masters, when they actually carry into practice what Christ wisely recognizes the im- they saw their masters do, or what mense differences in men's circum- they told their pupils to do. stances and environment, and so Not much difficulty will come to never specifies in detail what any you from quietly reading biogone should do. What He empha- raphies of Christ in the New Testasizes is the desire to serve and the ment or elsewhere, or from often spirit in which one serves. One of lifting your heart to your heavenly His disciples accurately described Father for His guidance. But it Christ's life by simply saying, "He may be very hard for you to comply went about doing good." In order with another earnest request. that no one could ever imagine that Since the Lord Jesus is the Suhe would have difficulty in imitat- preme Person it is for your highest ing Christ in service He said, for interest also to have helpful inter- substance, "I so identify myself course with those who really are with'every human being that what- His followers, and not to be ever you do or fail to do for any ashamed to let others know that one–be he good or bad–I count you too are His disciple.

that service or failure to serve as Noone can adequately describe actually done to me," How won- this, the Supreme Person, or the derful! The Lord Jesus was the method and the value of making founder and first member of "The intimacy with Him, our supreme Servants of the World Society." quest. Christ suggests what a man When He was in visible form in should do to secure the Kingdom of Palestine with His pupils He was God. "The kingdom of heaven is doing various kinds of service for like unto a man that is a merchant the physical and spiritual welfare, seeking goodly pearls; and having of all kinds of people. Then, after found one pearl of great price, he letting them see what He did, and went and sold all that he had and how He did it, gradually He sent bought it."

them out without visibly accom- Brothers, intimacy with the Lord panying them, and told them that Jesus Christ is the spiritual pearl in such service they would be His of countless worth. Seek Him, witnesses; yet while thus serving whatever it may cost. I am very, they were all the time to realize very glad that He is seeking you.

A CRISIS-HOUR IN HISTORY REV. W. REMFRY HUNT, F.R.G.S., BREA, CALIFORNIA (Thirty years in Centra! China.) C RISES are revealing. They mark epochs. No history is secular when the divine is in it. No religion is divine that does not touch the human. There are deep and sublime lessons in this thought. Students in the fields of comparative religious science find themselves in the range of theo-poetic rather than theological vision. Here are divergent tracks of Oriental and Occidental erudition. The founding of the Indian Institute side by side with the Bodlein Library in Oxford University, England, is noted by a famous Hindu reformer as "the broadening of the Western mind." It bridges racial chasms and turns controversies into con- ferences. One seems to muse·in the climate of other spheres. Max Milller symbolizes the syntheses of other gospels in the parable of twilight, moonlight and dawn revelations. Time and place and circumstances are and ever must be determinative factors. "God, who at sundry times …" is an arresting and disturbing phrase: it has retrospect and perspective. Read the third chapter of Ephesians and the fifth verse. In the great procession of the cen- turies it gives successive light on new and whitening horizons. I call you to focus the range and in it discover THE CHRIST as "the center of the center." The chart shows the sixth century as a strategic era. In Greece Pythagoras, the father of ancient phi- losophy, arose. In China arose Confucius to immortalize a code of ethics. In India arose S'akya-mouni Gautama Buddha to reform Brahmanism. In Judea came the reverses to the religions of Jehovah and the destruction of Jerusalem. These times were illuminated by the lives and voices of Zoroaster, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, by the work of Cyrus and the light of the prophets of the exile. It was an era of epoch-marking time.

—- – – – – – – – – – , – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – . – – – – – – Confucianism Buddhism Taoism CONFUCIUS, born BUDDHA, born in LAOTZU, born in in China, B. C. 551, India, B. C. 630, died China, B. C. 604, died B. C. 478. B. C. 543. disappeared B. C. 524. Emblem of State Symbol of rever- Church: DRAGON. ence: IMAGE OF Emblem of altars: BUDDHA. DEMON. Has had 2,400 years of propagation. H a B had 2,500 2,500 yea r s of years of propagation. propaganda. Has influenced 75 generations of men Has influenced 80 Has mesmerized 80 now in the tomb. generations. of men generations of men now in the tomb. now in the tomb. Represents AGNOSTICISM. Represents Represents IDOLATRY. SUPERSTITION.

"… and a false faith lingers still, As shades do: tho' the morning stars be out."

I BECAME A CHRISTIAN*

JOHN A. SUBHAN, Bareilly, India An Indian Who Was Formerly a Mohammedan I WAS born in Calcutta thirty hammedan laws. I could hardly years ago. According to the tolerate the Moslems who did not Moslem rite the words mean- 'observe the prayers and fastings, ing the greatness of God and the or who were not good Moham- Apostleship of Mohammed were medans, and my indignation a- pronounced in my ears, and thus gainst non – Moslems knew no I was received not only into this bounds. Indeed I was growing in- world but also into the fold of to a fanatic. The little reading of Islam. As I grew up these two books about the early conquests of great principles of Islam – the Islam so influenced my thoughts, greatness of Allah and the Apostle- that I would delight in imagining ship of Mohammed – began to another jehad (holy war) and mould my life and govern my drawing the sword against all un- thoughts. It was in the atmos- believers, and then dying a martyr phere of these principles I received in a glorious fight for Islam. The my early education. From my guiding principle, or the motive youth I was religiously inclined behind my religious zeal and the and thus began to observe the nec- tenacity with which I followed the essary religious exercises, prayers, practice of Islam lay in my blind fasting and other Islamic devotion faith in the truth of Islam. To at an earlier age than generally a me every other religion was an in- Moslem youth is expected. My vention of the devil, and all non- parents noticing my religious tend- Moslems, as followers of false ency, planned to make me a Hafiz religions, had no right to exist.

and a Moulvie. During the period of my early At a very early age, I had fin- education in Islam, my attitude to- ished the whole of Koran and un- ward God was as of a Great and der an Arab Hafiz I ,had begun Almighty Being, not only morally to memorize it. I also acquired but also physically. When saying knowledge of my vernacular Urdu my prayers, I used to imagine this and at the age of ten I knew how Allah with a terrible appearance to say the prayers prescribed by sitting on a very high throne, sup- Islam. Under the guidance of a ported by angels, and I could im- professor of Moslem Theology I agine Him looking down upon me, acquired some knowledge of Is- sometimes smiling and often get- lamic Theology and of the laws ting angry, especially when I used regulating prayers and fastings. to allow my thoughts to wander or Thus armed with the necessary when I was late for the appointed knowledge of Islam, I turned out prayers. He was merciful in over- to be a strict observant of Mo- looking the sins of His prophets • This f'xtrernely interesting narrative of a who were His favorites. He was vital religious experience, is given, as it reached an absolute monarch. He could do what He pleased. Mohammed was the Editor, in the author's somewhat quaint the ideal of my life. Islam was English, Our diction would have been much less correct had we attempted to write in his mother tongue !-EDITOR.

105

the only religion I loved, and out- Allah as presented in Islam, and side of the fold of Islam there was felt satisfied with religious experi- no salvation. Hindus and Chris- ence gained through the practice tians all were living under the of Mohammedanism. Yet I always wrath of God. Allah had allowed had a sense of something lacking Christians to be exalted nations in my inner experience. The con- in this world only to punish them ception of God as an absolute more severely in the next world, Power, and of Mohammed as an and on the other hand Muslims ideal were both inadequate. To were poor only to have a better satisfy the inner longing I tried to and greater reward in the world follow Islam more strictly. To my to come. regular prayers I added extra My parents intended me to be hours, prescribed as pious practice entirely educated on religious lines for believers. The greater part of and to take up a religious profes- my life was spent in mosques and sion. Now it was thought espe- in the cemetery. There was a rest- cially by my brother, that I was lessness in my heart and I wanted going too far in my religious zeal tQ have it satisfied.

and fanaticism, and that it was a At this stage I made acquaint- right time that a limit should be ance of certain Mohammedan mys- put to it. To counteract my re- tics and learned from them that ligious mania it was decided that through Sufism only can one attain I should be educated on modern perfection, and meet Adam, Moses, lines and must give up the mem- Jesus and Mohammed, and be in orizing of Koran. Thus in 1910 communication with the spiritual I was sent first to Woodburn world. I went through the life and School and then to Calcutta Mad- teachings of two great founders of arsah to study English, mystic schools, Sheikh Abdul Qadir "The Search" Jilani, the founder of the Quadirite fraternity, and known as the saint What Plato said of philosophy, of all saints among Moslems, and that it begins in wonder, is also of Khawajah Moimuddin Chishti, true of one's religious experience. who is buried in Ajmere and whose My wonders at the early dawn of shrine is a place of pilgrimage of my reasoning were first, the men- Indian Moslems. I learned that tion of Jorah, Zabur and Qujil in through Sufism one hot only can Koran; and the second was the know God but be absorbed in the irlea of God. I was too young or Divine Oneness. Here I was shown short-sighted to notice the other the way of not only knowing but wonders of Islam. All through my experiencing in life all the truths Islamic study I had often won- of the sacred prophets, Angels, dered that where could Jorah, Za- spiritual beings, even God, the ab- bur and Qujil be. Again and again solute Allah! I longed to be initi- I would read the references to ated in one of these orders of Mys- Moses, David and Jesus and to ticism, but I was invariably told their books. I had a great curi- that I was too young.

osity to know more of these proph- At length I had an opportunity ets and to read their books. As of visiting my grandfather at for the idea of God, for long I was Benares. He belonged to the or- reconciled to the conception of der of Qadiya, founded by Abdul

1929J WHY I BECAME A CHRISTIAN

Qadir Jilani. My persistent effort ceptor I was to travel upon the was rewarded by his promise of Path, and pass from stage to stage, speaking to his preceptor on my meeting Adam, Noah, Abraham, behalf. He kept his promise, and Moses, Jesus and Mohammed, and his superior consented to accept finally to reach and enjoy Oneness me as a mere postulant, and to give with Allah. Before joining the me the initiation, known in mysti- mystic order God was to me a ter- cal technique as "Tawajjoh." The rible King, the negligence of whose ceremony took place in strict se- command was to be punished very clusion. I squatted down in front seriously. I had to take great pre- of the superior, who first gave me cautions to prevent my thoughts a brief exhortation to the strict ob- from wondering in prayers, and so servance of Islamic laws, and on to create a sense of fear during detaching my heart from the love prayer I used to imagine a sword of the world, which really has no (the sword of Damocles) hanging existence, the real existence being over me. After my initiation, this that of Allah alone. Then the Mighty Avenger was my Beloved, promise of secrecy being extracted, Whom I was seeking.

he, touching his tongue with one As a mystic I acquired the de- of his fingers, placed it at the left sire for the purification of my soul, side of my chest under the ribs, and a thirst after God. The re- which he pointed out to me to be ligious exercises called ziki helped the place where heart is located me a good deal to keep my mind and at the same time explained the free from evil thoughts. The first shape of the heart. With my eyes exercise which J. had learned at my closed and bent toward that spot initiation, was a great help to I was asked to imagine the word ward off the lust of the flesh.

Allah in Arabic character engraved I Come to Know in golden letters upon my heart, spreading its bright rays all over. All was going on well; the With this fixed in my mind, I was traveler was on his way to meet asked to draw breath inhaling the his God, when one day a copy of name Allah, and at the last syllable the Gospel was given to me by a to hold the breath and then to Moslem friend. On previous oc- exhale the last syllable Hu. This casions I had torn it into pieces, I was asked to do several times a as a book of Satan. This time I day. The more I practiced it, the was prompted to read it again and greater was my sanctity. Accord- studied it carefully and tried to ing to the instructions of my pre- discover something satanic, but ceptor I used to sit down with there was nothing which I could closed eyes and picture the name discard as a lie or corruption. The Allah engraved upon my heart in simplicity of the life of Christ im- luminous letters. This used to pressed me. The story of the cru- throw me sometimes into a state cifixion was something new and of ecstacy or of profound sleep. contrary to what I was taught, yet After the ceremony of the initi- it seemed to be the natural develop- ation into the mystic orders of ment of the whole thing. My faith Qadriya, I became-to speak in in Islamic interpretation was sufi term-a Salik, or traveller, shaken. The Gospel story, either and under the guidance of my pre- right or wrong, was not at least

satanic. The moulvies had told a and English spoke to me on the lie. I managed to obtain a copy of Koranic text, "Show me the the Bible and started reading it straight path." It was the first every day. Then came difficulties, occasion that the Christian mesthere were so many questions to be sage in its absolute purity free solved. I wanted some one to from polemics was presented to guide me. me. I had found the existing Bible to be the real Torah, Zabur and Then I made acquaintance with Injil, mentioned in the Koran and Canon E. F. Brown, of Oxford because the God of Christian Mission, Calcutta, whom every seemed to me to be superior to street urchin knew. Hardly real- Allah of Islam. Now within those izing the necessity of further in- few minutes, I learned that Christ struction I offered myself to be and only Christ, is the way. and received in the church. On the that I must become a Christian not plea of my minority he advised me only for the intellectual satisfacto wait and study further. He tion in order to be saved, saved could not speak my language and from the hell and judgment with could not understand my thoughts, which I was familiarized in Islam. and so I was on the look out for I learned that I must accept Christ someone who could advise me how as my living murshid (spiritual to become a Christian. My search guide) and follow Him with unended in finding an Indian preach- hesitating steps to the end of my er, who tried to answer Moslem life. It became clear to me that objections, and thus gave me in- Christ is the Tarigat or Path leadtellectual satisfaction. But my soul ing to God for He is the way bewas on fire for something higher, tween God and Man, for He came not the satisfaction of the intellect from God and has returned to God. but of the spirit. My longing was The path was clear and straight, to become a disciple of Christ, and and my soul cried out in exultant even this preacher could not tell joy. It was the joy of a man who me how I could do that. had lost his way, and then found it again, and recognizing it as his My Search for the Truth path leading to his home, would feel happy and relieved. I continued my search for some one who would show me the way My acquaintance with Rev. F. to become Christian. Close to my W. Steinthal opened a new chapter house was the Y. M. C. A. College in my religious experience. It was Branch, and learning that it had the result of my fellowship with something to do with the mission this friend that I came to know of Christ, I dropped a post card Christianity as a religion of exdesiring an interview with the sec- perience. So far to me religion retary. A few days after I got a was a matter of intellect and pracreply asking me to see Rev. F. W. tice of certain ceremonial laws but Steinthal. The year was 1911 and my friend, with no great destruc- Dr. Zwemer was to preach the first tive arguments against Islam, led of his series that evening. I could me on and on from one experience hardly follow his preaching, but to another. Week after week he after the lecture I was introduced would read from the sacred to Dr. Zwemer who, this time us- scripture and after brief devoing a mixture of Arabic, Persian

WHY 1 BECAME A CHRISTIAN

tional remarks would kneel, and I ning any of my friends for Christ, by his side. and offer prayer. In I talked of Him, because I must, his reading and expounding scrip- but soon I had to learn a new lesture and in his prayer I would find son. what I had missed all through in my previous religious experience One day during my regular visit as a Moslem and a Sufi. No mosque, no Islamic devotion could create to Rev. F. W. Steinthal I was inthat atmosphere of the presence of troduced to a European gentleman some unseen spiritual Being that who had come from the Continent I used to experience in that little or Mrica, I do not remember, and office in the upper story of Y. M. that day the usual hour of devotion C. A., facing Harrison Road. When was to be spent with him. We read St. John 1: 35-51, my attention Mr. Steinthal, blind with the eyes was directed to Andrew bringing of his flesh, would kneel, and with an uplifted face begin his prayer his brother, Simon, and to Philip with the invocation, "Our Heavenly bringing Nathanael to Christ. My Father I" it would seem that from duty was clear, I was to do some his internal eyes he could see some definite personal work, I must try one who to my eyes was still hid- to bring friends to Christ. My den. At his every word of prayer talk of Christ so far was purely my whole being would thrill, a selfish, I have spoken of Him to longing to possess Him whom he relieve my feelings, and perhaps to was addressing and through Whom show that I was spiritually in a he was asking would get hold of better state than they. This guest me. of my friend whom I never met again, whose name and face are The Fight both obliterated from my mind, has awakened a new feeling within The new experience and the new the depth of my soul. It was my revelation of my Saviour were first lesson in the theory of evanhard for me to keep as a secret to gelism which I was to put in pracmyself. I began to detest the new idea of my being known as a tice very soon. Muslim. Every mQment I would feel to cry out and say, "I am a Next day I began my practical Christian I" Oh, how hard it is to be a secret disciple. It is almost evangelism. I spoke of Christ in impossible to know Him and not a pleading and persuasive tone to to tell people of Him. I was in- a little group of young Muslims of sistent on declaring my faith and my own class. The news spread, receiving my baptism, but my "Subhan is a Christian." It spread Christian friends persisted that I and spread till in an hour's time must wait. I could not wait, bap- almost 700 students of the Madtism could be waited but my dec- rasah came to know of it. Some laration of faith was not to be were filled with rage, some were postponed. I began to speak of Christ to my class fellows and astonished and some horrified. friends. They showed their keen- Many refused to believe it, how ness to listen to what I had to tell can a Muslim turn a Christian inthem of Christ and His Gospel. So fidel. At midday when the students far I had no definite idea of win- in schools are generally released for half an hour's interval, a crowd of boys surrounded me. In a mixed attitude of horror and curiosity they were pointing me out to each

other. I at once realized that there "Take no thought how or what yo was Romething in the air. Two Rhall speak, for it shall be given big boys, and there was wicked- you in that same hour what yc ness in their eyes, and they :were shall speak," Matthew 10: 19. I armed with sticks confronted me was no master in the art of con- with a question, and then there troversy, but I could not be per- was a hush in the crowd, and the suaded to deny my Saviour. How ears were ready to catch the words could I say no, to that which I of my reply. "Are you a Chris- have known and experienced to be tian ?" I was asked. Could I say true. The scholars of the Madrasah yes, I was not baptized, the Church were baffled, the arguments of the has refused to receive me within witness to the experience of my the fold. nor was I a Muslim for life were too strong to be refuted.

I had ceased to believe in Islam. The resort was taken to threats, then what should I reply. How- but I could hardly follow them, for ever, on their insisting to know my my mind was full of such words religion I told them, "I have no re- of my Saviour "fear them not ligion at present but I believe in which kill the body …. The very Jesus Christ whom the Christians hairs of your head are all num- worship.'" Then passed several bered. Fear ye not therefore, ye words of threats, and at the sound are of more value than many spar- of the gong, announcing the hour rows. Whosoever therefore shall of class, I was left alone. In the confess me before men, him will I class a young man sat behind me confess also before my father chewing "pan" (beetlo) and he which is in heaven," Matthew 10: started painting my white clothes 28-32. The final decision was at at the back with his red spit. The last pronounced. I was to be ex- class teacher happened to notice pelled and within three days I was the mischievous young man, but a to arrange to receive my transfer voice addressed him. "Sir, Subhan certificate. As I was led back out is a Christian." He asked me of the teachers' room the boys whether I really was a Christian. rushed towards me in a threaten- My Confession in School ing attitude, but they were sent back to their classes. However the Once again I had to face the di- suffering and the insults were lemma, but I replied, "I am not a nothing as compared to the peace Christian but I believe in Jesus and joy which filled my heart. It Christ as my Saviour and my was my day of triumph, and the Lord." The teacher, an old Mus- hour was the hour of victory. I lim, seemed no less horrified than left for home before the school was the boys. There was a confusion, over, and on my way I saw Rev.

the boys were in the spirit of riot- F. W. Steinthal, and told him all ing. A short meeting of the teach- that had taken place. He reminded ers was held. and I was taken in me that it was Wednesday in Holy their midst. The door of the Week, the week of the suffering of teacher's room was besieged, there our Saviour, and with a prayer was a rush, the door was to be and words of encouragement he locked. Questions followed one sent me back to my home to face after another in quick succession, the situation. The news of my and the Lord fulfilled His promise, expulsion from school had already

WHY I BECAME A CHRISTIAN

reached my people. Angry words are his judgments, and his ways from my brother, words of affec- )last fillding out! (Rom. 11: :):).

tion from my mother, and absolute My Baptism silence from my father awaited me there. My future was uncertain, The appointment of Mr. J. H.

but I was told that my school Hickinbotham as principal of the career was to be closed. I had C. M. S. High School proved to be some Brahmo Samaji friends who an unexpected blessing for me.

were watching the religious events This apostle of Nadia District in of my life with keen interest. They Bengal, had returned from a fur- came to my rescue, and promised lough which he had taken after his to show me the better way of satis- recovery from the bullet wound fying my soul and mind. They which he had received from cer- tried to show me how I could re- tain non-Christian youth because main a Muslim and also be a fol- of his evangelistic zea1 and untir- lower of Christ. They took me to ing labor to spread the Gospel in their religious teachers, to their Bengal. He became a divine in- meetings and to their prayers. strument in goiding me further to They offered me free education in the love and fellowship of God.

their school.' But their whole thing Though misjudged, persecuted and was disappointing. Noone could often slandered, he has always be satisfied with half of Christ. been a noble example of the true With Christ there is no compro- and faithful soldier of Jesus mise. He is the Way. I could not Christ. lowe a great deal to his tolerate their system, and at last Christian virtues for my stability • I bade my Brahma friends good- in Christian faith and for the deep- bye, and have not seen any of them ening of my Christian life. Very since then. soon after his appointment he Through the efforts of Rev. F. gained my confidence. i poured W. Steinthal I was admitted to the my whole story into his ears, C. M. S. High School, Calcutta, and I opened my heart and let him see whatever I had in my mind. (now known as St. Paul's High Never had I experienced sympathy School) . so natural and spontaneous as from this missionary, who without In the beginning of the year any hesitation gave me an assur- 1912 I was left without any Chris- ance of my baptism at an earIy tian friend. Rev. F. W. Steinthal date. So far the missionaries were was away on furlough to his coun- afraid to give me any shelter, and try, Denmark, and my Principal, so I had continued to remain with Rev. S. D. Hinde, had left for Eng- my people. His first move was to land on account of his health. I was passing through a period of ask me to leave my home and be- trial. It was a time when my faith come a boarder. The evening I was being tested, tried and puri- was leaving home, my mother was fied. I had no friend for human too shocked to tell me anything or protection. But the day of my de- stop me from the step that I had liverance was nearer than I be- told her I was to take. The day lieved. Oh, the depth of the riches after I left home, my mother with of both of the wisdom and knowl- my young brother came to the edge of God! how unsearchable school to persuade me to return

home with her. As a strict Mus- treacherously towards her, make lim lady she had never been out her cry and break her heart. The before and had never stepped in- storm was surging and the tempest side any Christian building or a was slowly rising in my mind, I stranger's house. I met her, she was deeply agitated, and I felt that was all in tears. My brother told I must get up, take her hand, wipe me that she had not touched any her tears and follow her home. food since the evening I had left Now I can go with her and remain her. She had brought some food with her till I have explained along, which she would see me eat things to her, and then I can come and be satisfied. Our Western back and be baptized with her confriends realize very little the depth sent. Go with her, go with her of the love of an Oriental mother was the constant urging of my for her child. The idea of sending heart. Then suddenly above the the children to boarding house is tumult and storms the words of unbearable for the majority of In- Him who once has calmed the temdian mothers. A sick child would pestuous sea in Galilee came to my rather be allowed to die in her mind, "He that loveth father or mother's arms, than be taken to mother more than me is not a hospital and be treated properly. worthy of me," Matthew 10: 37. I gave my quiet and final reply, No wonder that many of the re- "Mother, I cannot come, I am a ligious sects in India have found Christian." an ideal conception of God in maternal qualities, and have found "You can remain a Christian at satisfaction in addressing Him as home, only do not let others know a great Mother. No wonder that of it." "I cannot do that for Jesus • Jesus Christ chose an eastern says "Whosoever shall deny me woman to be His mother, and who before men, him will I also deny can fathom the depth of her sor- before my Father which is in row at the sight of the great agony heaven." and death of her son when she stood beneath the Cross. It must Mr. J. H. Hickinbotham who so have made a sword pierce her far has been watching the struggle heart, and would have rendered from outside, with her permission the agony of her Son greater at the suffering of His mother. When- came in and joined the conversaever I think of that memorable tion. The Lord used him wonderevening when I met her, the whole fully and so guided his talk that picture of that great conflict which at last she yielded, and allowed me was to decide the battle finally, to remain in the boarding and be comes to my mind. Pleading tears baptized. It was a miracle and a of an affectionate mother are not clear case of divine intervention. to be easily forgotten, and after the lapse of 16 years I can recall, On July 18, 1912, I was received this evening, every single detail of as a catechumen in the Trinity her visit. She loved all her sons, Church in a public service, and the but she has always loved me most. following Sunday, July 7th, was No one of her sons has ever been fixed for baptism. The day before allowed to be separated from her my baptism I was to receive a leseven for a day, and I was to act son in divine confidence and trust. Since I had entered the boarding, I was carefully guarded from out- siders and was not allowed to go

even as far as the school gates. witness the ceremony. Meantime On the evening of my baptism I Mr. J. H. Hickinbotham hearing of was introduced to a Christian my absence was much upset, and preacher, his name was Babu as he with others was praying for Gyanandra Nath Biswas. He my safety, I returned and stood in highly impressed me with his ven- their midst rejoicing for the new erable appearance, wearing long experience and praising the Lord beard, and scrutinizing me with his for the new lesson in God's loving large and flaming eyes, he asked protection. The very persons who me whether I have been to my peo- were waiting for an opportunity to pIe and friends and have invited persecute me listened to my talk them to witness the baptismal and let me go unmolested. On ceremony. When I told him that July 7, 1912, at 4 p. m. I was bap- I could not do that as it was not tized in the Trinity Church, Calsafe for me to go to my Muslim cutta, by the Rev. P. N. Biswas, friends, he turned round and told and Mr. J. H. Hickinbotham and me that in his honest opinion I Babu H. C. Bhattacharya stood as was not fit to become a Christian, Godfathers. The text of the serfor I have trusted the four walls mon preached was "And when of the school, and the principal . he had received meat, he was more than God. If I really trusted, strengthened" (Acts 9: 19). God and had confidence in His The real facts of the fuller exfatherly protection why was I periences of Christian life begin afraid to face my people. Was it just where this chapter of my life because God only could save and closes. Many are the blessings protect me inside the mission which have followed me in my school, or was I afraid to seal my journey, and many are the lessons testimony by dying a martyr's which I am taught by my Master death. However, I was so much in various ways, though many have impressed that I at once left school been my disappointments, but and went to see my friends. I met great has been His favors. I still them some at school, and some at find myself very imperfect and their homes, and then I went to my weak, and so I am glad that I own people. I talked to everyone found Him for He and He alone is of them of my Saviour and the in- able to keep me to the end. How ward joy that I have received from wonderfully He has …… but that Him. I informed them of my bap- belongs to the other part of my life tism, and asked them to come and story.

KING HASSAN'S PROVERB King Hassan, well beloved, was wont to God wipes the stain of life-old battlefields say, From every morning that he brings to pass. When aught went wrong or any project failed: New day, new hope, new courage! Let this be, "Tomorrow, friends will be another day!" o soul, thy cheerful creed! What's And in that faith he slept and so pre- yesterday, vailed. With all its shards and wrack and grief, ****** * ** to thee? Forget it, then-here lies the victor's Noone, I say, is conquered till he yields; And yield he need not, while, like mist way. from glass, -Jame8 Buckham in Indian Witness.

3

NEW ERA IN HOME MISSIONS·

By REV. CHARLES L. WHITE, D.D., New York President oj the lIorne Missions Council DURING the past year the thirty- atmo:lphere of racial conflicts and sec- eight missionary soc i e tie s tional jealousies, that call for con- which unite in the Home Mis- stant adjustments and patient persesions Council, have measurably ad- verence. If we spend our time in vanced the spiritual conquest of the idealizing, we shall not reach our spirpeoples who dwell in the American itual goals. This one thing we do, for- Continent. Only the angels of God getting the missionary rivalries and can tabulate the lives redeemed, the duplications of yesterday, for which homes sanctified, and the human in- we have been often criticised, we are stitutions vitalized, by the service of concentrating our efforts on discover- our devoted missionaries. ing the exact missionary situation in Our missionary task in America is each area, and we have set ourselves as clear as crystal. One thing we do. to do our multiform mission work We are fortunate in not having a mul- without duplication, with mutual intiplicity of activities to allure us by terest, with the least number of hutheir retreating mirages. We have man agents and with the minimum nothing to do with, and no responsi- expenditure of time and money. bility for, either advocating or bringing about the organic or any other The Home Missions Council is a type of unity of the various denomina- voluntary association of American tions. Our work is Apostolic in spirit. home mission agencies. It began its cooperative studies and labors about We live in a country all of whose twenty years ago, when the repreinhabitants can be at one time on sentatives 'of our numerous Protestant wheels and may unite in Christian worship under the spiritual guidance home mission agencies for the first of their favorite ministers, speaking time looked into each other's faces. a thousand miles away. Under these Twenty years after we meet to thank conditions it is increasingly difficult God for the holy fellowship of the to go into the highways and hedges years. The Christian musketeers of and compel the people to come and join that early day have passed on. Hardly us. We are students, however, of the one of us remembers officially "that most complex piece of missionary work famous day and year." However diffiin the world, in a continent filled with cult it may be in the East to bring peoples. from all lands with social, the Eastern and Western churches toeconomIC and civic activities still gether, ir. America we have brought evolving, in a country with the great- not only Eastern and Western, but est wealth in hand, and still greater Northern, Canadian and Southern wealth in prospect, of any nation in churches together in our widespread the world. We devise ways and means unified continental missionary labors: for reaching with the Gospel the peoples of new and neglected areas in the The progress made in the last two United States and in Canada. In this decades has been at express speed. continent, with such an admixture of Home Missions Councils have been set peoples, we go straight forward with up in several states and under some our Christian labors, but always in the name will doubtless be established in many other parts of the continent.

Areas have been allocated, over- churched communities have been • Part of the president's opening address Q.t standardized, and many thousands of tl~e Annual Home Missions Conference AtlantIc communities in the nation that are CIty, January 8, 1929. I 114 spiritually guided by a single church, of each; each working for the success are cared for with a new spirit and of all; progress by reciprocity, and with a finer wisdom. Denominations spiritual conquest through missionarlJ that twenty years ago found it diffi- cooperation. cult to care for the spiritual interests of an entire community in a single We can resolve until we dissolve and church organization have, in many never solve America's mISSIOnary places, learned a way of doing so. problems. We must carry out the Great Many over-churched communities are Commission, be resourceful, be brave, themselves adjusting their difficulties constrained by the love of Christ. as the tides of population recede or change in character, and are report- If such ideals dominate our national ing to their denominations their de- missionary labors, a new day will be CISlOns. Certain racial groups have ushered in, whose sun, please God, organized for mutual improvement will not set until the Kingdom of and .stimulation, and other racial Heaven comes in our beloved America. groups closely allied have made new The missionary pace makers of today coordinations that promise a richer will be the spiritual peace makers of fellowship. tomorrow.

Mission leaders long in service, out The peoples of the nations have not of their rich experience, have set up come to us by accident, but through a standards for city planning and for divine urge. All the world is in Amerrural church arrangements. The vo- ica. For example, we may meet more luminous data, gathered so indus- Jews, while passing today from triously, and so brilliantly interpreted Brooklyn Bridge to Fourteenth Street by the leaders of the Institute pf So- in New York City, than Jesus met in cial and Religious Research, has made all His journeys from Nazareth to easier our mission work in rural, Jerusalem. Do we not see in this town, urban and suburban areas. God's hand and His challenge? So far as our missionary forces can do Primarily our task is to do our so, let us unite in a radiant spiritual complicated mission work in a con- fellowship and join the crusade for a tinent seething with social and eco- peaceful conquest of the many millions nomic changes and to do it always of unchurched Americans, both new without duplication of agencies and and old, and win. them lovingly and with a united Protestant front. We patiently to the service of our Lord have not yet attained, but we follow and Master. May God keep our ears after to apprehend. Weare, there- open to the divine command, make our fore, not only undertaking the gather- hands strong for mission service, ing of data, the surveying of fields and cause our feet to be shod with the the disposing of our various denom- preparation of the gospel of peace, inational missionary forces in a sen- both denominational and interdenomsible· and Christian manner, but we inational, both national and internaare trying also so to vitalize our work tional and our hearts to throb with that the peoples in our missionary a love for each other, for God and for areas shall be thrilled with our spirit all men. and catch the vision of God for their lives. We must do this for the sake Today we toil apart; tomorrow we of the peoples of America. They can triumph together. The spiritual bankbe saved only through missionaries ruptcy of millions in this continent who do not collide with each other, .calls us to fresh missionary endeavor, but clasp hands in a new followship. and as we are striving in America to Our key-words may well be: reach the goals set before us by our Lord, American Christians will cross No missionary effort dupZicated; no the seas in a new exodus to win the community neglected; no missionary peoples of all nations to accept the lunds wasted; all studying the work Saviour and to make every land a holy land for Him.

KRVS WHO HAVE

THE TEST BY REV. WALTER B. AND MAUDE WILLIAMS, Liberia, West Africa TOOK upon some results of body performing all sorts of gym- L Christian i n v est men t of nastic stunts as he tried to keep prayer and money in West right-side up while holding to the Africa's corner of Christ's Kingdom. Just a few, staunch Kru rope around the hind legs of the rearing, kicking bull.

Christians! There are many waBs eafno roeut-hains d-coount vheerastiohne~ Sakey others equally as interesting as a bold these; like them, "called to be and resourceful opposer to the Gos- saints," bearing faithful testimony pel being planted upon the Kru to the saving and keeping power of Coast. Those were the days of our Lord. * hitter hatred and persecution of all We introduce, first of all, Broth- native Christians. And what a er Paul Sakey of Niffoo, licensed leader Sakey was! He has told us exhorter in the Martha Nah Meth- how he would watch his chance, odist Episcopal Church. His age locate the tree under whose pro- is unknown but his physical tecting shade the native evangelist strength is tremendous and well and his followers would gather for balanced by his spiritual power. service, climb into it-and lie low.

Tirelessly he will preach all night While the preacher would warm to throughout the town, warning the his subject, Sakey would watch- people to forsake their sins and fully wait. At the moment of turn to God. He knows no fear, pressing home the sacred truth, this devout Christian, always in Sakey would suddenly let go the church, always forceful in purpose. branch that held him and delib- Yet in manner he is as humble as a erately fall from that height onto child. Though he can thunder the preacher below, knocking him from the pulpit, he will not dis- down and sending the audience in- dain the lowliest work for the to peals of laughter. It was not Master. Last District Conference, only the evangelist who suffered.

when husky men were needed to Sometimes Sakey himself was pilot the conference bull from the hurt; nearly all his front teeth Mission to the seat of Conference were knocked out this way. But eighteen miles away, Sakey took he was willing to suffer to drive the lead, his white robes flying out God-palaver.

wildly in the breeze and his tall At other times he would content himself with simply dropping us:J~~ishai~a~es;{:gsa~i tE;SI~~~'st:~~~g!m:~g down a ten-pound ripe breadfruit abe~~~sa~~ L~~lerii~' er.:n~~~n~le<;:~~n K:::;o~~ upon the preacher's head. When ripe fruit mashes on a preacher's strain. 'l'his atmosphere of dissent, suspicion and personal animosities in the tribps is so easy head and Sunday clothes, there is to arouse, so dJJllcult to allay. It hnmpers some mess and smell.

~~;'I,:~~si~~~r;,,:o::e s~~n~it~~~t a~ls~l~iia~~ ~~%~'ii' ~~ ~~~: ~~~ne:o u~~~~~~r t&~~! ~t!~~ All kind of tricks the fertile ~~~I:i: ~~7~{r.y~'~rJ..ayers and cooperation brain of Sakey evolved to disturb 116

CHRISTIAN KRUS WHO HAVE STOOD THE TEST

preaching. But the silent leaven In a business sense he is one of of the Gospel was at work, and on our most valuable men.

this Kru Coast as on a certain For over twenty-five years he Damascus road long ago, Christ has been preaching, and for a large arrested the disturber of His on- part of that time without pay. His ward march. Rightly was Sakey life is above reproach. He is spir- baptized in the name of Paul. He, itually-minded and of sterling too, is a miracle of grace. When character, and has much of Peter I see him sitting in church, so Cartwright's ruggedness in his quiet, so reverent, so devout, I make-up and method of preaching.

often wonder what would have be- He is wonderfully gifted in speech, come of such a forceful personality and a powerful evangelist. We had not the magnet of Christ's look at him, praise God for him- Gospel drawn him with irresistible and we ponder the road of his pil- power to the Cross of Christ, grimage before he stood steady on where his restless nature found its higher ground.

outlet in Christian service. When In the early years of our ac- the Lord Jesus captured Paul quaintance I built Ben a large Sakey, He got a real man, with the house in Bethany, which has grace of an angel, the humanity of grown to be the largest Christian Moses, the earnestness of the mission town on the coast. To it Apostle Paul and the loving, loyal he brought his wife and babies.

heart of John. His wife, however, fell ill with a An Adventure in Patience disease we did not understand and could not help. As she failed to Ben Cofa Nua, another Kru con- improve Ben carried her back to vert, represents, to us missionaries, the native village from which they an adventure into the kingdom of had come. To our surprisepatience, long suffering and en- though we were strangers to Kru durance-on our side as well as psychology – Ben changed from his. After fourteen years' close that day from a mission worker to intercourse with him, we find him a secret, and then an open enemy. one of Methodism's outstanding He let the house at Bethany decay, Kru evangelists, poorly educated refusing to look after it, though but possessing great power in we had gone to much trouble and preaching and marked ability in raising money to build churches expense in building it for him. He allied himself with an element in his village who were opposing our wherever he is stationed as pastor. work, and as he was a powerful He receives $80 a year salary and fighter, he gave us much heartache during 1926 he brought in $260 for and trouble. But in this lonely the new church at Niffoo, besides outpost on the Kru Coast, God raising the usual collections there. fought hard for His work and This year, 1927, he is at Sobobo, workers and the Mission won out.

endeavoring to build an iron Finally Ben came; begged us to church. He walks the thirty miles forgive him for the wrong he had to this station. His month's salary done; wept like a child. He had is £1. 7. 9 (almost $7.00) and he lost almost everything. His child brings with him from $12 to $15 had died. His wife had not im- a week in church building funds. proved in health. The prodigal re-

turned, and like the prodigal of old cassava farms, and saved the heads received pardon and restoration. of the town and the chiefs from For awhile he ran well. His being hanged as traitors. Ben had wife improved somewhat. Another a second fit of repentance, again baby was born. Then we saw plead with tears for pardon and that he was changing again. Again restoration to favor, and for the Ben started on the war path. It second time moved back to the mis- proved to be a long, bitter struggle. sion.

He put the Noreh Church which we During the war the idol or ju-ju had recently dedicated, against us houses had been burned, but their and drove us out of our church in beautiful brass bells were saved.

that village. The fight lasted for These bells had been dedicated to several years; then the Kru Re- the idols, but the red flower of fire bellion against the Liberian Gov- had devoured the idols and there ernment broke out. We did every- was no place left to put the bells.

thing to stop this unwise course of So a chief said: "Why not give the tribes but without avail. Men them to the Methodist Mission?

told us they had been planning this The Mission saved us and fed us war for forty years. Ben used to and got our land back again; give walk up and down outside the mis- the bells to the Mission." So one sion fence, brandishing a cutlass in fine bell was turned over to us and the air and shouting: "Any Amer- we put it outside our church, and ican man live on this place? Let a second bell was placed in the him come out and I will kill him." church at Kah.

The threats were directed, not Then Ben started a tempest for against us mISSIOnaries, but the third time and he fought the against a Liberian student. Ben Mission for receiving and holding was trying to terrify the students this brass bell. The ju-ju wor- and to break up our school. shipers struggled, too, to get these Then the Frontier soldiers came. bells back. We refused to return Ben's town was burned and his them and to allow them to be put people were driven into the forest back in rebuilt ju-ju houses, since where, for weeks. the Mission fed they had been used in our Meth- them. Ben, himself, barely escaped odist churches. Then a hard, stub- with his life, having to crawl on born fight ensued.

all fours along the ground with his Ben went to the County Superin- sick wife upon his back. Before tendent in Greenville and sued to the soldiers left the Coast, he with recover the bell. We won the case.

many another was a "man without Ben was beaten ? Not he. He a country." took the case to Monrovia. I fol- When the war was over the Mis- lowed him and employed legal help.

sion helped Ben's tribe to get back The case was taken to President from the Government the land they Daniel E. Howard and our church had forfeited by rebelling. The won again. Ben was threatened Mission protected the cocoanut wit h imprisonment. He was trees of that town which neighbor- warned that if he did not stop fight- ing people were trying to destroy. ing the Mission his town should be The Mission also helped that tribe burned all over again by the Gov- get settled again on its old site, ernment. He returned, defeated.

made possible the replanting of its But not wholly cast down.

CHRISTIAN KRUS WHO HAVE STOOD THE TEST

He went to his village and shut three are in the church and all up the church there against us and three have been taught in our mis- for two years held possession until sion school. "Do your converts the town people grew tired of his stay converted?" is sometimes foolishness and asked me to send asked. Mary Tallah is one of our them a proper preacher. They answers in the affirmative. She persisted until I sent them a man has led a good life and has kept who held the Sunday morning serv- close to the church for over twenty ice there. When church was out, years.

along came Ben with a crowd be- Next to Mary Tallah stands hind him. Said the chief: "Where Martha Nah of Niffoo; she built are you going?" the new Methodist church in Nif- "To hold church," said Ben. foo which bears her name. A "We've had church once," re- strong woman in more ways than plied the chief, "and one time is one! She was fearless in fighting enough; we don't want it again." all the town chiefs about breaking Then, as Ben tried to pass him and the Lord's Day, and she has suf- go into the church, the chief took fered much persecution for her his stand at the church door and faith and loyalty. Not long ago said: "If you put your foot again her husband, stimulated by a visit in this church I will break your to a bush devil doctor, emphasized head open with this stick." He his remarks to his wife by a blow meant it. Ben's power was broken with his fist, which knocked out a forever in that direction. That front tooth. The loss of the tooth same night a wild storm of wind was followed by the loss of a hus- swept over the town and blew a band, for he discarded Christian large breadfruit tree down on the Martha Nah and took another church, smashing that palaver- woman, a heathen. Martha has church to fragments. No other suffered, but she walks with un- trees fell. faltering tread the "straight and Ben came back once more to the narrow way."

Mission, and this time to stay. He The tall lady in black velvet robe did not weep puddles of repentance from "down Coast" is Martha Gib- as before. He said very little be- belu, the faithful class leader and yond stating that he had "finished steward in our mission church.

fighting the Mission." Today he is This strong, dignified, elderly one of the most faithful, useful and woman is a constant delight. Full efficient native evangelists on the of humor, always industrious, see- Kru Coast. But great patience ing to it that her own children and and long-suffering were needed be- grandchildren are in the church fore this position was attained! and school, she pursues the even We introduce next our good Kru tenor of her way, supporting her- sisters, three Marthas and one self by her cassava farm and mak- Mary-good Kru Christians all. ing a steady income of fifty cents At the extreme left stands Mary a week by washing and ironing Tal1ah, Ben Cofa Nua's sister, who clothes. It was her daughter who lives in Bethany Town. She is a at the time of the eclipse rushed up widow, who has struggled to give to the Mission, crying: "Do-wy, a Christian education to her three Konyo" ("Good morning, Lord").

daughters, with the result that all Martha Gibbelu is looked up to by

all the Kru women in our section. she lives today. She is a steward She teaches the Adult Bible Class and is faithful to her church duties in our church, and is a steady-go- and daily living. No other woman ing Christian one can depend on. on the Coast has been so signally Last stands Martha Konweh. used of God to open up the road for Those who remember how the Gos- the gospel message to reach a pel made the first break in the whole tribe, and a ruling tribe at Nana Kru tribe after three years that, and a stronghold of devil of fruitless preaching, and eigh- doctors. When the fire burns, teen months of daily prayer in the Martha Konweh becomes a flaming Mission, will recall how God used torch for the Master.

Martha Konweh, who at that A Christian Kru Family period was a devil-woman, trained in witchcraft and idolatry, one of After meeting Martha Konweh the five wives of Webah, the Nana you will like to see what her Kru War Chief. former war-chief husband and his It was Martha Konweh, back in family look like today. Isaac the Nana Kru Plantation Town, Webah in white coat and American who got up from her bed that shirt does not look quite so pic- memorable' night, aroused from turesque as in the native robe he sleep, she affirms, by "God Who told sometimes wears on special occa- her to go through the town and sions. This is the man who cleaned shout to the people to turn from all the jU-jU8 out of his interior ju-jus and devil worship and be- town and burned them. He dug gin to follow God," at the hour up all the devil medicine from the when the missionary, miles away, ground at the threshold of each rose from his knees with the as- house in his village and threw it surance that his prayer of eighteen away – medicine that had been months was answered and he need bought from devil doctors as a sure pray no longer for God to make a preventive against evil persons or break for the Gospel in the Nana spirits entering the houses to bring Kru tribe. sickness or death on the inmates.

Martha Konweh's faithful and He had made and set up in front persistent (and annoying) be- of his own house a tall cross-a havior drove her husband, Webah, lonely Cross back there in the to send down to our mission for jungle – as a sign that he had the missionary to go to the planta- finished with ju-jus and was fol- tion and "talk God-palaver" to lowing God. Webah, former war them. A revival followed. Webah chief, on his baptism chose the put away his many wives, Martha peaceable name of Isaac. Webah Konweh among the rest (and she legally married Mary, who stands didn't want to lose Webah), legally beside him, and has put all his married the wife he retained, was children into our mission school.

baptized, and these many years has Little Mary is in the First Reader; been living a consistent Christian Jacob in the Second; and David life. Manneh, a fourth grade student, Deprived of a husband, Martha is on our staff of teachers. Last Konweh made her home on this May, Manneh married one of our station. We built her a comfort- mission girls and lives in Bethany.

able little house in Bethany, where A valuable set of young people,

CHRISTIAN KRUS WHO HAVE STOOD THE TEST

these, training for efficient service. a message up to this mission; was Manneh is also a licensed local cut with a knife, hidden away in preacher; Isaac Webah is an ex- the bush under a cotton tree by horter. Where whole families are day and brought into the Cabor saved for the Lord and are receiv- Fish Town by night for food; was ing Christian training for effective finally killed and eaten by the service in the Kingdom, there is Cabor people in their town not special reason for rejoicing. Some three minutes' walk from our sta- Cleveland Methodists are putting tion. Part of the child's body was these three young Webahs through put over the fire and the fat caught school. J in a bottle and carried down to Amos Wrubu-Tried and True Sanpropo for war medicine. The murderer confessed to the crime Vividly interesting, too, is the and died of the sasswood test on story of this old, old friend, Amos the beach.

Wrubu of Wissipo, who was for Prior to the murder of his little years such a help and such a boy, Wrubu had driven away one hindrance to our work. A help, of his wives who was, it is said, a for he was always present at very wicked woman. She stole her church, always ready to render any baby girl, Jitueh, and carried the service asked of him save one! A child far into the interior. Wrubu hindrance, because he would not sought in vain for his little daugh- break away from polygamy and ter, but could not discover where by his example held all the young she was. The child was carried men of his tribe from breaking many days' walk from the beach, this chain which keeps so many and grew up in new surroundings, Kru men out of the Kingdom. A wild and heathen. The mother, heart-to-heart talk with the mis- being in want one day, sold the sionary one day led Wrubu, with little girl to a man for some rice tears in his eyes, to declare: to eat, and in time this man took "Teacher, I will hear what you the child and carried her still say; I will give up my other farther away. It seemed as though woman." she was lost forever to her father, "When, Wrubu?" flashed out the Wrubu.

question. Stranger than any fiction are the HI fit to do it now," came the facts that follow. Jitueh's mother solemn assurance, and it was done. came under the influence of Pente- So Amos Wrubu was baptized and costal missionaries. She fell ill with him came his wife and all his and very close to death. Hovering children, another entire Christian on the borderland, her dying la- family. All the years we have ment was always the same: "Oh, known and loved this man, so in- if only I could see my little girl be- fluential in his tribe, we have never fore I die!" The kind-hearted mis- heard a word against his moral sionary, Mr. Garlick, soothed her character, never a suspicion of with the promise: "I will go and tarnish on his good name. But he try and get your child for you."

has suffered for the faith! Taking some native boys with Thirteen years ago his little boy him, he started in search of the was seized by witchcraft followers girl who was known to be three or on the public road while bringing four days' walk in the jungle.

Arriving at the village he was ened their knives on big stones, bound for, he was told that Jitueh yelling: "Bring her. Bring her."

was not there. Too tired to move Mr. Garlick was quite cool, out- he sat resting and watching the wardly at least. "No," he an- women pass with their water jars swered, "take your money. I will on their heads. Suddenly one of never give up the girl." When his boys touched him and whis- they realized he meant to take the pered: "Look, here is Jitueh girl at any cost and could not be Wrubu coming." frightened out of doing it, they He asked them to let him have capitulated. "Give us the money," the girl. He produced money to they demanded and received it, redeem her. He spoke of the dying shouted, cursed, but turned back mother's plea. But the tribe home~ turned a deaf ear. They obsti- The missionary reached the misnately insisted: "We no fit to give sion house in time for the dying mother to see her daughter. her to you. Go away." No less iirmly the intrepid mis- "Thank God," cried the woman, sionary declared: "I will not leave and the same night she died. The until I get her to carry to her dy- little girl was afterwards baptized ing mother:" His own boys said Ruth after the missionary's wife.

earnestly: "Teacher, go easy. When the work in that part of the These are wild people. They no interior was abandoned and the care about killing man out here. Pentecostal mIssIOnaries went The soldiers never come here. home, Mr. Garlick's brother-in-law Don't stir these people up. One brought the girl to our Mission and time they caught an officer and left her with us for a Christian killed him and hung his head across education. So was she reunited to this street on a big rope. We beg her father, Amos Wrubu. She is you, come away." in the Nana Kru Mission today, For several days the palaver growing into attractive Christian lasted. The missionary prayed womanhood.

and prayed. Then, tired out with As though Wrubu had not suf- their delays, he said to the bush fered enough, a testing of peculiar people: "Tomorrow I take her to difficulty for a Kru man to bear her mother." They replied: "We was visited upon him for his loyal- will kill you if you do." ty to this Mission. For two years Next morning at cock crow the he and his family, who had been dauntless missionary walked boldly the leading family in Wissipo, were to the house where Jitueh was and ostracized by the tribe. Noone took her. A shout went through visited them. No one spoke to the town. A mass of black hu- them. They were left absolutely manity with drawn knives surged alone. To a people who do every- towards him, shouting: "Take thing in companies, ostracism is her, and you die." On went the well-nigh unbearable. But Wrubu missionary until at a small village stood the test and came forth vic- a few miles away he was sur- torious.

rounded by the mob. Inside a hut An unscrupulous native man, he prayed, for he was quite uncer- Paul Nikkeh, had been driven from tain as to the outcome. Outside Settra Kru for stealing govern- that hut the fierce wild men sharp- ment property. He ran to Wis-

CHRISTIAN KRUS WHO HAVE STOOD THE TEST

sipo, announcing that he was a They declared they would hold Nik- Wissipo man. He went to the keh, and so we withdrew.

Methodist church-the whole town To protect the church we ap- at that time was a Methodist com- pealed to the authorities in Sinoe.

munity-and Wrubu, our steward, The Superintendent called the allowed him to speak from the plat- chief, told him to be quiet and stop form. It is one of the failings of fighting and let the Methodist the Kru people, letting any stran- church alone. The chief and peo- ger that comes along preach to ple said they would agree if the them in their churches. That is Mission would drive out Wrubu one reason the Christian work for he had caused this trouble by needs such constant oversight. letting the stranger speak in the The man greatly stirred the Wis- Methodist church. We refused to sipo people by promising to be drive from the church a man who had stood so faithfully for it these their preacher and to teach school many years. So the town ostrain their town, and he dwelt upon cized Wrubu and his family. his being a Wissipo man. For years this town had asked us to For two years we patiently have a missionary put there. Each waited. Nikkeh held the fort.

Kru village, no matter how small, With a band of his followers he wants the prestige of a missionary would come singing past the Misof its own. That, too, is character- sion to show us that he was in istic of the clannishness of the control. One day, having taken Krus. One town will not join with possession of all the church collecanother in any good work. The tions, he went away on pretense next Sunday when our preacher of buying school books for the Wiswent to his Wissipo appointment sipo children-and he never went back. He went to Monrovia and as usual he was met by the church then to America with the avowed people with the statement that he purpose of getting money from the need come no more as they had churches there. their own country boy to preach and teach their school. We had a warning against this unscrupulous native printed in our Wrubu came to see us. In such church papers, for we learned he cases two roads are open to us- intended to pass off as a Methodist either to continue to send our man and make the round of Methodist and, quietly go on with our work, churches. Money given to such ignoring the opposing element; or men does not go into missionary to leave the people alone to have work. Yet, from a charge in the their fill of the man of their choice, West, a woman Sunday-school suknowing that in the end their eyes perintendent who had read the will be opened and they will return warning in the Advocate wrote to the fold. We chose the latter course. that the young man had spoken in her church to the great interest We forbade Nikkeh to use the and benefit of the people and they Methodist church for we knew him had gladly given him money. She to be a dishonest man. We called thought that we mi!;;sionaries were a council of the Wissipo people, very narrow and unjust to write asked them what they wanted, such things against such a fine warned them against this stranger., young man.

In the long months of his ab- members. It was a glad day for sence the Wissipo people had a the Wrubu family, as well as for chance to consider. They did not Wissipo. Through all the testing enjoy being cut off from church the Wrubus had never faltered. privileges and fellowships. While Nikkeh waS in charge in Wissipo You have looked into the faces he let devil doctors and ju-jus come of these Kru Christians who are back again. The people followed in the Kingdom and carrying forthe advice of devil doctors as to ward the work of the Church of the time of cutting their farms, today and tomorrow, because you and they lost everything. They at home have thought it worth began to be hungry, and to talk while to support the Nana Kru over the "old times" when the Mis- Mission, the only Protestant mission was their friend and they al- sion operating now on the Kru ways had plenty to eat. Then one Coast of Liberia, a section a hunor two began to say "Good morn- dred miles in length, reaching far ing" to Wrubu. One of their boys back to the interior boundary. -for some time a student in our These are only a few of the many mISSIOn school-returned from who have benefited by the self-decoast and, set himself to bring nial, prayers and money of Ameriabout peace. In the end the church can Christians. While all this people built a bamboo and thatch Christian training has been going church to replace the Methodist on, the church at home has cut us church which had rotted and fallen, down the budget for this mission and last Christmas a delegation fifty per cent. In spite of that, how came to make peace and be re- wonderfully God has wrought with stored to the privileges of church the gifts sent for His use on the Kru Coast!

MANY Ah'RICAN WOMEN, WHO ATTEND CHRISTIAN SCHOOLS, WISH THEIR FRIENDS TO HAVE A CHANCE TO LEARN ALSO, so THEY FORM CLASSES AMONG THEIR NEIGHBORS AND TEACH THE!l-I WHAT '.rHEY THEMSELVES HAVE LEARNED

FEDERAL COUNCIL

BY CHARLES STELZLE, New York T WENTY years ago the Fed- in the future the various denomi- eral Council of the Churches nations could work together more of Christ in America con~ effectively in certain fields which had to do purely with propaganda sisted of a "Corresponding Sec- retary" and a Secretary. True and the creation of opinion than if enough there were several commis- each group worked independently, sions, but none of them was par- as for example, in the field of soticularly active. .Today there are cial service, international justice about eighty on the staff of the and good will, the race problem, Federal Council in its New York Christian education, the Church office. There are fifteen commis- and the drama.

sions and committees, with execu- The morning discussions at the tive secretaries in charge, all of Rochester meeting were based them putting out material that is upon a Data Book prepared by the challenging the churches of Ameri- Research Department, each theme ca. Instead ·of a $15,000 budget of having to do with certain fields twenty years ago, the Federal covered in the Church's activities.

Council last year had a budget of Calling attention to the "World $375,000. Community," it was stated: At the sixth quadrennial meet- Applied science has reduced the ing of the Council in Rochester, world to the dimensions of a single in December, the twentieth anni- neighborhood. No people today is isoversary of its organization was lated from the others. The consular celebrated. The four hundred dele- representative, the motion picture pro- moter, the tourist, the business agent gates, represented twenty – eight of the West are found all over the denominations with a constituency world. And the East, in turn, comes of about twenty million members. to the West. Nearly ten thousand They discussed the problems fac- foreign students are in the United ing the Church today in the city, States. For good or for ill the nathe country, the nation and the tions now share a common life. world, and listened to reports of progress presented by various com- The way in which the United States missions and committees. influences the rest of the world can be The Federal Council has made simply illustrated by the motion picno specific attempts to bring the ture. Today the American film goes churches together in organic un- everywhere. In Paris, in Vienna, in ion; the chief aim has been to Calcutta and Shanghai millions every unite them in service, thus making day get impressions of American life them better acquainted with each by what they see on the screen. The other and bringing about a more American trade representatives is likeharmonious spirit and a clearer wise found everywhere. Where once the missionary was almost the sole understanding which will eventu- interpreter of the West to the East, ally result in greater unity in ec- today the motion picture and the clesiastical relationships. At the business interests are everywhere con- Rochester meeting it was felt that spicuous, if not always accurate, ex- ponents of American standards and ideals.

125

The total merchandise exports and ing Quadrennium." During this imports of the United States for the period the commissions of the calendar year 1927 are reported at Council made their reports. At the $4,864,806,000 and $4,184,378,~00, re- evening public meetings national spectively. It is estimated that m 1927 and international topics were dis- Americans abroad expended $770,000,- cussed by such speakers as Dr. 000 and that the total investments of Robert E. Speer, who spoke on Americans in foreign lands at present "The World's Need and the Gospel are approximately $12,000,000,000, ex- to Meet It"; Dr. S. Parkes Cadcluding war debts owed to the Uni~ed man, on "The Genius of the States Treasury. Thus are our m- Protestant Movement and Its Conterests and prosperity intimately in- tribution to the Life of Mankind" ; Dr. A. L. Warnshuis, on "Cooperatertwined with those of other lands. tion"; and the Rev. E. Stanley One of the most conspicuous phases Jones, of India, on "The Christ of the Final Word." of the world's life today is the great tide of nationalistic spirit that is Dr. Warnshuis, secretary of the sweeping across many nations. II Es- International Missionary Council, pecially in the Near East and Far spoke on "Cooperation in the East is this a dominant factor, af- World-Wide Christian Movement" fecting all other interests. Turkey and said in part: struggling to be master of her own fuonritfuiendes~ovCehrinnmaensttriavnidngtotoseactutraeinrea- The facts of the extent to which lease from unequal treaties, India, cooperation has developed in the for- Egypt and the Philippines demanding eign missionary work of the churches ought to be better known. Union self-determination, are only the more institutions are some of the most conobvious manifestations of a temper crete evidences of missionary cooperathat is well-nigh universal. tion. A list prepared in January, 1928, gives the names of 113 union The foreign missionary enterprise, educational institutions supported by which is the most direct assertion of foreign missionary boards. Seventy the world-character of Christianity, different boards representing almost takes on an immensely enhanced sig- every Protestant communion, coopernificance in the light of the new eco- ate in these union institutions. These nomic interdependence of the nations institutions include all grades of and the growth of international re- schools from the kindergarten to the university, but it is noteworthy that lationships in the political realm. there are more union theological sem- The missionary enterprise has re- inaries and Bible schools than any other kind of schools. Where it might sulted in the rise of a Christian have been supposed that it was most movement which has become really difficult to bring the teaching forces conscious of a world-wide character together, just there it has been most and able to express itself on a world practical. Why can we do this in Asia scale. While it would be easy to point and not in America? Who can be out many conditions which limit this surprised that church union is so far statement and many factors which are advanced in Asia, Africa and Latin standing in the way of the develop- America, when the preachers and pasment of an indigenous church in many tors receive their training in union lands it is clear that a Christian colleges and seminaries? churdh increasingly expressive of the genius of its own people is coming Another form of cooperation is that into being in practically all the fields by which the missions by mutual where the missionary movement has agreement delimit the territory in become well rooted.

The general theme for the after- noon sessions was "Programs of Cooperative Service for the Com-

THE FEDERAL COUNCIL ANNIVERSARY

which each will work. In this' way a The Reformation period which pro- group of missions occupy a province duced the Protestants was so crowded and the whole number endeavor to with major personalities and events bring their message to all the people. that the numerous volumes written There is very little overlapping. upon it have ill sufficed to do it justice. People who talk of that simply exhibit A political and religious upheaval then their ignorance. The criticism, if any occurred which ushered in modern is to be made, should tackle the other democracy, the freedom of learning, side of the question. In some respects scientific progress, and the liberty of there is not enough overlapping. The conscience which men enjoy. The sesituation is such that a person who cession of European states from Papal lives in one country, if he becomes a control was the final and most notable Christian, is foreordained to be a phase of the decline of the majestic Methodist, because there is no other church of the Middle Ages.

church there; and another person liv- This epoch making transfer was ac- ing in another country, on becoming complished to the lasting advantage of a Christian has no free choice to be civil and religious liberty, but it also anything but a Presbyterian; and an- involved the 108s of Christian oneness other person in another country if he and ecclesiastical uniformity. The is converted to Christianity cannot be great name of John Calvin suggests a other than a Congregationalist, or an all that was most formidable and most Anglican, or Quaker, or a Lutheran, victorious in Protestantism as the as the case may be, depending upon parent of the Modern State. Upon the mission to which that country is this solitary Frenchman of Picardy assigned in the division of territory. rested the gigantic burdens of the new We cannot do better than that with movement. In a controversy which the small forces available to cover drove even sensible and cautious men such immense areas contained in the to the last extremity, he had to uphold continents of Asia, Africa and Latin and forward the inspiring but more America. emotional onset of Luther. Through- Moreover, there is much real coop- out the negotiations and conflicts of a eration between these missions in that stormy time one perceives the curate, while working in different territories, they are not founding each a separate the strategy, the psychic force of the Genevan giant.

church. On the contrary, the results Divisiveness is not congenital to of their work are gathered in united Protestantism. Quite otherwise, its churches or churches that from the central stronghold is neither a Creed beginning have been an organic unity. nor a Book, but a Person and a Life.

In China we have recently seen a We, as disciples of one Master, cannot nation-wide church organized, with forever cooperate in a guilty partner- which the missions of sixteen de- ship of limited liability with political nominations cooperate, including Pres- bodies organized, regardless of the byterians from the U. S., Canada, honor of God. We cannot countenance England, Scotland, Ireland, Australia, what He annuls nor consent that feuds Congregationalists from England and which have lost interest for thinking America; United Brethren and Eng- men and women shall always separate lish Baptists. the holy brotherhood. For all thus Dr. Cadman, the retiring presi- convinced, the Federal Council is at dent of the Federal Council of once a clearing house and a fortress. Churches, spoke on "The Genius of In cooperative service rendered by the Protestant Movement and Its Christians who surmount denomina- Contribution to the Life of Man- tional lines is the secret of future suc- cess, and the assurance of Heaven's kind." He said: guidance.

One of the inspiring addresses Jews and Christians working hand- was delivered by Rabbi Philip S. in-hand. Every effort to improve the social and economic, the political an(l Bernstein of Temple B'rith Kodesh spiritual conditions in our community of Rochester. It was the first time should meet with our common support. that a Rabbi had spoken at a meeting of the Council, and this young There is a common element in exponent of Judaism was listened our religions which transcends our to with rapt attention. Discussing churches and our rituals-a vision of the causes of misunderstanding be- a better world that is to be, and of tween Jews and Christians, he a humanity loftier and finer than has been known; a vision that takes us said: out of ourselves and lifts us to high The worst crimes committed against endeavor and heroic sacrifice, in order my people in the course of their long, that we may speed the coming of the bloody, tear-stained history were often day when humanity shall be freed in His name whom you revere as from disease and poverty, exploitation Christ. I was in Poland three years and tyranny, war and famine.

ago and visited, one day, a little vil- In a report presented by Dr. lage called Gura, Kalvarya, where a Charles S. Macfarland, General famous rabbi ministered to an old con- Secretary of the Federal Council, gregation. ,I talked with the young entitled "Twenty Years in Retromen in that synagogue about many things. I remember asking one of spect," after reviewing the work them whether the attitude toward of the Council during this period, Jesus had changed. He said, "Jesus?" he emphasized the importance of and spat upon the ground. It was a the spiritual element in any proterrible thing for him to have done. It was obvious that he who was more gram for the future, and said: enlightened felt no ·differently toward Jesus than many of his ancestors. I We have sought group and consultried to learn the reason and dis- tative, rather than personal leadercovered finally that this boy's family ship. So far as this is true is it not had been done to death before his eyes because, to quote our constitution, we by Russian Cossacks who came to have sought to manifest our. "essential them with the name of Christ up.on oneness in Jesus Christ as Divine their lips. Lord and Saviour?" Where Christ is leader all are followers.

It is well to keep in mind that the The Federal Council must ever seek unJewish attitude of many Jews to- to lead the churches to the Mountain ward Jesus is owing primarily to the of Transfiguration and if it does, there unchristian acts of many Christians to will be found One who will Himself Jews. You have made it difficult for lead them to the plain below of hu- Jews to understand and love Jesus. I man life and service.

speak not only of eastern Europe The demons that we seek to cast where Eastertime is still an occasion out, of social wrong, of prejudice, of when many Jews live in trembling race, of ignorance and of brutal warand fear; I speak also of what has this kind cometh out only by fasting happened and is happening in America. and by prayer.

We have much to do in common. And if, in this spirit, we sit to- We are citizens of a great republic. gether during these days, just as our Let us together try to keep that re- brethren of twenty years ago were public true to the loftiest teachings of clearly led of God, so we shall find both our faiths. In our community His will, for the days and years ahead, there is much of God's work that we as we now turn our faces from the can do together. Every effort, for ex- past and seek His guidance for a ample, to better Rochester should find larger, fuller future. EDITED BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York The following materials and methods The two flew at each other as the passhould be helpful to those missionary sengers responded to the "All On educationists, whether pastors, Sunday- Board." The boys rolled over and over school missionary department super- in each other's embrace in an attempt visors, or program chairmen of women's to settle that "Guinea, guinea goo" groups, who are trying to make the question which today stands facing United States segment of the missionary the Christian Church. enterprise live in the hearts and minds of their groups. It is not what the eye Those who, during the past years, sees, but what the mind comprehends have been studying this problem, state that stirs folks, both old and young, to by state, city by city, countryside by action. Arrest attention through the countryside, know that it is now neceye; drive the truth home with facts essary for all Christians to put themthat compel the mind to think con- selves to the task of finding a way cretely; present immediately produc- to bring the entire mass of all races tive channels through which this deposit living in the United States to the place of thought may operate. where we unite those whose vision is skyward, thus forcing more rapidly the ABOUT a quarter of a century ago upward trend toward the Christ, the the brilliant Mary Anton, who had Redeemer of all peoples. Let us not come to "The Promised Land" as an shun the use of the name of the Christ immigrant, while standing on one of in talking with others concerning Pittsburgh's bridges and looking down moral and general uplift pr(lblems; it on the "Hell with the lid off" steel has power in it. mills, with their surrounding huts, wrote on a scrap of paper the follow- "The butcher, the baker, the candleing: stick maker" is thinking of religion Down yonder she sits in the half-<>pen and of GC'd more than we guess. door; 'Tis plain she has never had time to Illustrations: After taking an X- before. ray of her teeth which was so much But all is so stl"ange cares. to her! nobody more speedily done than she had ex- pected, the doctor, an eminent one, They all pass her by with wondering was almost shrinkingly asked if he stares. knew what the X-ray machine com- pelled her to think of; when he in- Twenty-five years ago a passenger sisted upon hearing and she had told was waiting at a New York dock for him: "The eyes of the Lord are in a Fall River boat. He heard this bit every place," to her amazement he unof United States history in the mak- hesitatingly replied: "As I have been ing, which took the form of a quarrel experimenting with this machine that between two little bootblacks, one of same thought has come to me over and whom spoke United States English, over again. Truly, I am wondering the other, broken Italian. The little if it ·is not about time for another United Stateser said tauntingly, great prophet-or something."

"Guinea, guinea goo, shine my shoe, A butcher in a busy shop in Harlem, Have it done by half past two." one of New York's mission fields, was Quickly came the retort, cutting pork chops for a customer. As "Americaner, you-eel shine shoe, Me no wait ha-past-two."

129 .4 he worked he anathematized nations used by us to illustrate God's workand individuals who are constantly on ing in the hearts and doings of folks the fighting margin. The customer have been worn threadbare; let us finally gathered courage to ask: hunt for up-to-the-minute illustra- "What would happen if the things tions. God is working today as po- Christ stood for were put into prac- tently as He ever did. tice?" He stopped, wiped his bloody hands on his butcher's apron, leaned . CHAPEL IN A HOTEL back against the smoked-meat shelf and said: "Right ye are-let Him "Meditation Chapel" in the Hotel rule and this old hell world would be Biltmore, New York City, will open heaven." He had lost two boys in the to guests and employes, it was an- "World Slaughter." nounced by John McEntee Bowman, president of the Bowman Biltmore A highly educated and traveled Hotels Corporation. Eventually a young Jewel:s who is actively inter- meditation chapel will be installed in ested in "The New Palestine" move- all the Bowman Hotels. ment was engaged in conversation on a New York, New Haven and Hart- "The simple little sanctuary for the ford Railroad train. After she had use of all who worship God, irrespecgiven valuable information as to the tive of creed or of denomination, will progress of this movement, the help- be found on the third floor," said a ful attitude of the British Government statement from Mr. Bowman. in this connection, the work of Sir John Chancellor, she said: "Shakes- "As its name implies, 'Meditation peare came at the peak of the decades Chapel,' is not for set services, but of interest in the writing of poetry. for meditation only-a place wher!! For some time the novel has been the anyone may sit in silence and hear literary hobby of the literate world. his own thoughts. Is it not possible that a great novelist may be in the offing? I am wonder- "There are times in the lives of ing, as I watch the nations planning all of us, in the day and in the night, for their greatest self-development, if when we want to get away from the some great consummating event is not world and commune alone with God, ahead. It seems to me that this ac- to kneel before His altar. The church tivity an the part of the nations is is not always available. Many find similar to the purifying of elements their rooms adequate for all purposes; in the laboratory in order that they others may find comfort in the little may be fused when the proper uniting Chapel in the Inn. substance is at hand." As she hesitated, the question was asked: "Where "The presence of one spot in the do you think the uniting substance hotel, dissociated from the worldly will be found?" With surprising things of life and dedicated and con- secrated to the God we profess to quickness she replied, "Is a second serve, is now recognized by this act as a spiritual necessity in any hotel coming impossible? May not a Christ with which I am connected and as soon as practicable a meditation chapel -or a Moses be given?" Yes, He will be installed in all our hotels.

is in the minds of many thinking folks "Flowers will always be found on this altar and above the altar the whom we Pass every day. Now is adopted inscription: 'Come unto me all ye that labor and are heavy laden the time to be frank witnesses for and I will give you rest.' Him in all sincerity. We have to live it or we dare not witness. "It is an invitation to all.

The experiences and incidents con- "The consecration of this chapel is the use for which it has been set nected with William Carey, David apart forever."

Livingstone, General Booth, Sam Jones, Dwight L. Moody and others

METHODS FOR WORKERS

THE WORK-BENCH AND TOOLS TOOL H.-If possible secure a pro- fessional designer to put the follow- TOOL I.-What would be the effect ing idea on an upson-board which may on your group if to greet them at be used at several meetings. By your next meeting you were to have means of your picture make an inthe following picture beautifully done tensive study of your own city, town, in black and white on a large black- or countryside. This picture illusboard or drawing paper? Try it and trates how the study was made by a see. Have one member give the group in Cleveland, Ohio. Use a pichistory of The Statue of Liberty and ture of your own town-hall, old hotel another the story of The Stars and business section, or a group of farms: Stripes. Have a talk by the widest twenty-five years ago. If you have a read and best informed person in your local problem of any kind which the church on the topic, "Changes, racial Christian people should take the inand commercial since 1777." itiative in solving, and of course you have, this method wiII bring it before your very eyes, a most desirable aid to action.

Doctor Shriver's What Next in Home Missions and Doctor Oxnam's Youth and the New America are in- dispensable tools for your analysis.* YE OLD INN Was the caetnYt eurleotifdeh. o sRpoi tmaal int~ye warmth and cheer held its swa~ and we often hear regrets for the passmg of the 0Ilen hearth, the blazing logs, the savory vIands, and the intimate THE STATUE OF LIBERTY stands upon greetings of the host. . Bedloe's Island about two miles from the, Battery, New York City. It was Cleveland's Population designed by Bartholdi and presented by France in 1884. The statue is one Austria ………… 116,000 hundred and fifty-one feet high; its (Comments) pedestal, one hundred and fifty-five feet. It symbolizes Liberty Enlighten- Hungary ……. . … 101.000 ing the World. It weighs 225 tons. (Comments) Forty persons can stand in the head and the torch has room for twelve Russia ………….. 80,000 people. (Comments) For the story of The Stars and England ……….. . 30,000 Stripes send to John Hancock Mutual (Comments) Life Insurance Company, Boston, Mass., for their fine pamphlet, "The Germany ………. 112,000 Flag of the United States." (Comments) Ireland …………. 30,000 (Comments) Italy …………… 52,000 (Comments) Canada …………. 30,000 United States born … 80,000 ·Missionary Education Movement 150 Fifth Ave., New York City. :SO cents. '

Conditions precious, and in the presence of one and another certain inhibitions invariably arise. It is these inhibitions which Solutions are so difficult to break down. Spiritual After years of experiment we are Moral convinced that the social approach, Labor that is approach through parties and Law Enforcement get-together affairs, is not as helpful Schools or as effective as our services of wor- ship in the church. The fellowship First Use of Picture which grows up in prayer to one God, singing hymns in unison, and the (a) Have picture explained with spiritual work of the church, becomes local color; tell what the buildings a more powerful cementing tie than were used for, who lived in the houses the companionship of parties and soand such items of heart interest. Ask cial intercourse. the group to tell what they know about the history of your local situation The church should furnish an attwenty-five years ago. You may un- mosphere in which social differences earth some helpful history. can be disregarded, a medium in which disparities in rank, language, (b) Assign to those who will work class and financial position can be at it, the task of analyzing the changes reconciled, and it should be a place of that have taken place in the past supreme dedication to which all, no twenty-five years. matter what their rank or outlook on life, can give the best in them, re- Second Use of Picture gardless of any prior allegiance.

(a) Begin to put down the results As a result of our crowded life in of your analysis as shown on the metropolitan centers, men and women Cleveland picture. of means or varied interests are hard- pressed for time, especially in the (b) Assign such vital and pertinent evening hours, which is the leisure topics as the following: Our Immi- period of those doing manual work. gration Laws. Should the Number This fact alone makes it very difficult in Our Electoral College Depend on to effect an approach through parties Population or Citizenship? and social admixture. On the other hand the hours of worship are com- As the study of your local problems mon to nearly an walks of life, for progresses the leader should direct the both foreign and native born, and in trend of thought toward the whole this period all who are free can meet United States as the unit of the Home along spiritual lines and gradually Missionary Enterprise. What is be- grow to know the aims, ambitions, ing done may then be answered by ideals and life of one another. a specific study of your own Board work in the United States. Every MAKE THE CITY CHRISTIAN Home Mission Board has rich material which no worker can afford to DR. M. P. BURNS be without. Just in proportion as the religious FOREIGN AND NATIVE BORN life and thought of the people is pagan or Christian, so also is the civilization One Method of Bringing About an developed by that people pagan or Understanding Between Foreign Christian. The institutions of our and Native Born so-called Christian civilization are Christian just in proportion as the GEORGE STEWART, PH.D. people who developed them are Chris- tian in their living and thinking. One of the most important problems before city churches today is an apparent impossibility of mixing foreign and native born within the same congregation. Each side has prejudices which are difficult to overcome, each has associations which are very

Christian institutions and all clean- well-devised program, launched and cut moral agencies have been con- carried forward by the church, along ceived, born, and developed, directly lines of a thoroughgoing brotherhood, or indirectly, under the influence of would soon dispel the criticism of the Christianity. Confucianism of China, centuries. It would soon force the Mohammedanism of Egypt, and Shin- issue of the gospel, and ultimately toism of Japan, are each, in its own compel the kingdoms of this world country, almost entirely responsible to become the Kingdom of our Lord for the kind of civilization that pre- and of His Christ. vails. The task, therefore, of the Church, The church has more or less boldly in the face of unparalleled difficulties, professed, through the years, to be charged with tremendous responsia thoroughly democratic institution. bilities, and in view of the splendid But, let me ask, is it essentially and opportunities stretching out ahead, is fundamentally democratic? to adjust herself in approach, pro- gram and message, reinforce herself Ministers in the Monday morning with the mind and passion of Christ, preachers' meeting have proclaimed, and address herself to the task. through all the years, with magnifi· cent and convincing rhetoric, the fact UNCLE SAM'S MERRY-GO-ROUND of the universal Fatherhood of God and the universal brotherhood of man. A Delightful and Productive Method But, to her great discredit and con- With Children fusion on the other hand, the church for which they spoke has not only BY MRS. J. W. DOWDS tolerated, but, in some cases, actually As a basis for teaching children the generated class distinction, and drawn spirit of sympathy and love for all lines of social demarcation over which other children, regardless of race, men have never been able to cross. creed, or color use the miniature merry-go-round on which meeting by My soul has been distressed and meeting are placed dolls dressed in tremendously humiliated by a church Dennison paper to represent races and professing to love God with all the nationalities living in the United heart, might, mind, and strength, and States. its neighbor as itself, and at the same Make base out of a circle of beavertime absolutely refusing to allow peo- board forty-two inches in diameter; ple of a different social group or over this place a Japanese umbrella speaking a different language to bow covered with red, white and blue bunat her altars and weep their way to ting; fill the border with stars; be- God. What would be the result if tween canopy and base suspend in true the doors of the church were thrown merry-go-round fashion small celluloid wide open, and the Italians, the Bo- animals so placed as to leave a 5-inch hemians, and the Russians, and all space around the edge of board base; the rest, together with their wives and little ones, would be freely permitted to come and worship therein, with the consciousness that the church membership would meet them on the platform of a sympathetic fellowship, born of the spirit of Jesus Christ? With such an exhibition of good fellowship by the Christian Church, the last vestige of unbelief on the part of the unbelievers would be swept away forever, and the kingdom of God would come with great power in that community. I am suggesting that a

underneath the base place at intervals, The educative value of the stories small spool wheels upon which the en- told by leaders will depend on the tire structure may revolve. judgment and thoroughness with which they are prepared. Uncle Sam is the owner and occupies a place of prominence on inner Review the stories many times until side of circle. He must be dignified they live in the precious little hearts and of fine countenance. On his right to the end that the seed which you stands a man who is a Home Mission- have planted may sprout and produce. ary; on his left, a deaconess. Urge children to tell the stories at home at the dinner table or at bed At each meeting stories are told of time. the people whom the dolls represent and of the needs of the work. The following devotional service was built by Miss Charlotte Anderson The merry-go-round is set in mo- of Parl;:ersburg, W. Va., under the tion while near by stand all of the guidance of the editor of this departdolls awaiting their chance to "ride." ment and for use in the School of Missions, Mountain Lake Park, Md. The first day the Indians and Alas- Miss Anderson is an Ohio Wesleyan kans are allowed to mount as the chil- University senior. dren sing as if singing for the dolls: Method :-Have the members of (Tune–uJesus Loves me, This I Know") Sunday-school classes or other groups enter a wholesome contest. Give Merry-go-round please stop for me, out themes and set day when copies I want Uncle Sam to see must be in hands of a committee; use What a good American I can be. all usable ones. The method is dis- Juniors-O, make room for me. tinctively educative. The young folks will in this work reveal their degree Chm'us of spiritual development and the kind 0, yes he needs us, of song they enjoy. It might not· be 0, yes he needs us, a bad idea for the pastor to try the 0, yes he needs us, use of such a service some Sunday He needs us everyone. morning. (There is but one difference between a ditch and a grave and that After the Indian and Alaskan stories is in the depth.) are told ask: "Shall we let them ride 7" To which the children respond Suggested Themes :-"Character in by singing: Scripture and Song"; "Nations in Scripture and Song"; "War and Peace Come little Indian ride with me, in Scripture and Song." Uncle Sam our guide will be; He has work that we can do, He needs Indians to help him too.

Chorus 0, yes he needs them, 0, yes he needs them, 0, yes he needs them, He needs them everyone.

They are placed on the merry-go- AN EFFEOTIVE DEVOTIONAL round and others await their turn at SERVIOE another study period; Japanese, Chinese, Mexicans, Spanish, Hawaiians, Nature in Scripture and Song Porto Ricans, Negroes, Highlanders, migrants, immigrants, city slums and I. ROCK: The Lord is my rock and my others that you may see fit to select. Fortress and my Deliverer; my God and my Strength; in whom I will Close the series with a lesson on trust; my buckler and the horn of Christian Citizenship. my salvation, and my high tower. (Psalm 18: 2.) Ask the children each time to bring Song-"Jesus is a Rock in a Weary to the next meeting dolls which they Land." themselves have dressed and stories which they have gotten their parents II. HILLS: I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills from whence cometh my to tell them. help. (Psalm 121: 1.) Song-"The Ninety and Nine."

1929J METHODS FOR WORKERS

III. WAVES: Oh that thou hadst heark- XIV. RAIN: He shall come down like ened to my commandments: Then rain upon the mown grass; as had thy peace been as a river and showers that water the earth. thy righteousness as the waves of (Psalm 72: 6.) the sea. (Isaiah 49: 18.) Song-"Showers of Blessings." Song-"The Cleansing Wave." This program should be carefully pre- IV. STARS: And they that be wise shall pared. Sing but one stanza of each shine as the brightness of the firm- song. ament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars forever. TO-THE-MINUTE MATERIAL (Daniel 12: 3.) Song-"O Little Town of Bethle- "The Glowing Ember of Prayer," Pres- byterian Board, 156 Fifth Ave., New hem." York, N. Y. (Fine to use in a devotional service. 5c.) V. ROSE: I am the rose of Sharon, and the lily of the valleys. (Song of "Your Flag and My Flag," Woman's Solomon 2: 1.) Home Missionary Society, 420 Plum St., Song-"Rose-Rose-Rose." Cincinnati, Ohio. (An unusual demon- stration. 2c.) VI. GARDEN: And the Lord shall guide thee continually, and satisfy thy soul "Hands Across the Sea," The Com- in drought and make ~t thy bones; mittee on Friendly Relations Among and thou shalt be like a watered Foreign Students, 34'1 Madison Avenue, garden and like a spring of waters New York, N. Y. (Send 5c. for post- whose waters fail not. (Isaiah 58: age.) 11.) "The Negro Background," Woman's Song-"In the Garden." Home Missionary Society, 420 Plum St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (You will not regret VII. FOUNTAIN:' I will give unto him sending for it. 15c.) that is athirst of the fountain of life freely. (Revelation 21: 6.) A set of really usable slides on Mi- Song-"Come Thou Fount." grant Work, Council of Women for Home Missions. (Rental $2.00.) VIII. LIGHT: I am the Light of the world; he that followeth me shall 105 E. 22nd St., New York, N. Y. not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life. (John 8: 12.) PRAYER AND POWER Song-"BrightIy Beams Our Fa- ther's Mercy." "No answer comes to those who pray, Then idly stand, IX. GRAIN: He will thoroughly purge his floor and gather his wheat into And wait for stones to roll away the garner; but he will burn up the At God's command. chaff with unquenchable fire. (Mat- thew 3: 12.) He will not break the binding cords Song-"Beulah Land." Upon us laid X. GALILEE: They see Jesus walking on If we depend on pleading words, the sea and drawing nigh unto the And will not aid. ship; and they were afraid. But he said unto them, It is I; be not When hands are idle, words are vain afraid. (John 6: 19-20.) To move the stone; Song-"O Galilee." An aiding angel would disdain XI. LILY: And why take ye thought for To work alone; raiment? Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow; they toil not, But he who prayeth and is strong neither do they spin; and yet I say In faith and deed, unto you, that even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one And toileth earnestly, ere long of these. (Matthew 6: 28-29.) He will succeed." S0?tg-"Lily of the Valley." Something like criminal negligence XII. STORM: He maketh the storm a has marked the attitude of the Church toward the matchless power of prayer calm, so that the waves thereof are for the world. Shall it be so longer or shall a change come over the Church? still. (Psalm 107: 29.) For generations great calls have been Song-"Master the Tempest Is Rag- issued, leagues have been proposed, emo- tions have been aroused, and yet the days ing." 'I continue evil. Prayer is an echo on men's lips rather than a passion from XIII. SUN: Then shall the righteous their hearts. But if fifty men of our shine forth as the sun, in the King- generation will enter the holy place of dom of their Father. (Matthew prayer, and become benceforth men whose hearts God has touched with the 13: 43.) prayer-passion, the history of His Song-"How Tedious and Tasteless Church will be changed.-Robert E. the Hour." Speer.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York A SIGNIFIOANT EVENT IN CHINA Wu Yi-fang as president. A colorful procession it was with the various Every lover of missions will be thrilled hoods and gowns. One, Dr. Hsia, with the report by Miss Abby Shaw graduated from Edinburgh, had a Mayhew of the inauguration of Dr. Wu scarlet gown and black tam. The pres- Yi-fang as President of Ginling Union idents of Medhurst, Shanghai, Hang- Christian College. At the annual meet- chow, Nanking and Soochow Colleges ing of the Federation of Woman's or Universities were present, also the Boards of Foreign Missions of North Dean of St. John's, and they were all America last year Dr. Wu was present. Chinese except the president of Hang- She was then taking her Ph.D. at Mich- chow. Madaom Chiang Kai-shek was igan University. on the program. Mrs. Bristol, the Admiral's wife, went up for the oc- Miss Mayhew was the principal of the casion and was the guest of Madam School for Physical Education in China, Chiang. which now is merged with Ginling College. This is the goal of our missionaries, to train leaders who will carry on the great work which they began.

So Hoover' is elected! There's Mrs. Thurston made a most perfect surely one thing in his favor from our address in turning over the governpoint of view. He has lived in China! ment to Dr. Wu, so suited to the oc- Of course we know many things are casion. To the retiring president and in his favor and I can with safety say the one who from the first has made that all of you voted for him. and built Ginling, it was a most happy time, the fulfilling of her hope and While you have been electing a pres- ideal. Mrs. New, president of the ident in America we have been in- Board of Control, presided. There augurating one in China. We think were five graduates in the first class that ours is a more wonderful occasion in 1919-Mrs. New, Dr. Wu and Dr. than yours, and about the most im- Liu on the platform and all three of portant event in the history of the them filling places of honor and rewomen of China. Now don't you sponsibility. To see and hear the agree with me? To inaugurate a Chi- alumnre on that day was sufficient nese woman president of the highest proof of the great value of Ginling women's college in China? College.

I went to Nanking to attend the an- I was invited to lunch at Mrs. Chu's nual Board of Control meeting. Upon arriving we took a carriage (yes, in with Madam Chiang and Mrs. Bristol. spite of there being 1,000 motor cars in Nanking) for the five-mile drive Madam Chiang asked several of us to to Ginling College. The first person I saw was Miss Chen Mei-yu, just re- come to her home for tea that afterturned from America. We were in noon. We went, after driving out to meeting from nine to six for two days, and among the many things we de- Sun Yat Sen's tomb, which is not cided the one which will interest you nearly completed. They plan to have most is that we decided to give a one it finished in March and have the inyear course next year in Recreation terment then. The situation is wonand Hygiene for teachers and stu- derful, cut right out of the side of dents .. Purple Mountain. It was most in- teresting to see Madam Chiang in her On Saturday morning came the own home and to meet the General. great event-the inauguration of Dr. As he is President of the Council they are really the first people of the land.

After tea they took us through the 136 gardens which are very extensive and revolutionary manner. It has come to were lovely in the soft twilight. them with more steady and compelling force than political ideas. Whereas We had to hurry back for the the fall of Manchu dynasty-an em- Founder's Day banquet at seven o'- pire during three centuries-and the clock. It was lovely. It was more founding of a republic have not intimate than in the morning. There changed the Chinese, with the excepwere many speeches and greetings tion of the 'returned students' and read which had been received during others with modern education, a small the day. Many lovely things were handful as compared with the stolid said about Mrs. Thurston and I am mass of four hundred million people, sure she must have been gratified and the spread of industrialism is swiftly happy. changing them. The whole of the Far East is being transformed. A new Dr. Hodgkin preached the Founder's social fabric is being woven, and it Day sermon and it was very, very is affecting the rest of the world. good. The Physical Education majors gave a tea for me in the afternoon so "The rise of modern textile mills in I missed the tea the alumnre gave to Japan has already radically altered the the Board of Control and Faculty. outlook of the British cotton trade in There are ten majors and several of India. The night work conducted in them are going to be fine leaders. the mills on remote hillsides in Japan is causing business depression in Lan- I think I nave never enjoyed being cashire, and the cheap labor employed in Ginling more, and felt as much the in China is pulling down the price of lovely spirit of the place. European goods in Asiatic markets. Thus the significance of the spread of ABBY SHAW MAYHEW. industrialism in the East cannot be overrated. The world is watching the INDUSTRIALISM IN THE FAR phenomenon with keen concern.

EAST "Mr. France skilfully presents pic- tures which arouse one's attention. Not least important of the subjects We commend his sincere attempt to be discussed at the Jerusalem Council fair in describing labor conditions in Meeting, and reviewed at the annual Japan. His book is well worth reading. meetings of the Federation of Wom- It has two chapters, the first of which an's Boards and the Foreign Missions describes the appalling situation pre- Conference in Detroit in January, is vailing in Japanese workshops, mines "Chrif;tianity and the Growth of In- and so on, while the second argues at dustrialism in Asia, Africa, and South length the need of the Christian re- America." To bring Christian ideals ligion for the removal of the evils. into practi5!e in the field of industry is a great and urgent task not only in "It would be unjust to say, though Asia, Africa and South America but the impression remains after reading in North America and Europe. through the book, that the statement of facts in Chapter I is too short, A thoughtful review appears in the while the arguments in Chapter II are October number of the International too long. A Japanese, however, spe- Review of Missions by an oriental, I. cially interested in and following the F. Ayusawa, a representative of Japan social progress of his country, will in the International Labor Office in inevitably find flaws here and there Geneva. in the observations of a foreigner. Thus, a book published in 1928 treat- Mr. Ayusawa says in reviewing "In- ing the labor problem in Japan would dustrialism in Japan" by Walter F. have done well at least to mention the France: great advance made in labor legisla- tion and also in trade unionism in the "A GREAT movement in the Far past three or four years. East, with effects more far-reaching than those of the World War, is the spread of industrialism. It has affected the peoples of those remote lands with ancient traditions in a

"No student of the labor problem "An important point, however, on in Japan, to our mind, can ignore the which we are not fully satisfied with epoch-making steps taken by Japan Mr. France's book, is his assumption in labor legislation in 1926, by bring- that 'the West'-a broad term he uses ing into force the Health Insurance -is Christian while Japan is not. In Act, covering some two million work- one place, for instance; he says: ers; by repealing the obnoxious arti- It is here that the East and West sepcles in the police law to give larger arate, for in the handling of the indus- freedom to trade unions, by enforcing trial problem in England, either by ex- the Labor Disputes Conciliation Act perts or by the street-corner orator, in order to bring about industrial there is the whole background—often peace, by bringing into force the Min- quite unrecognized-of Christian experiimum Age Act to suppress child labor ence. The western conception of "jus- tice," "right," "truth," "compassion"

entirely. All this happened simul- "love" and the like is not only, as is taneously on July 1, 1926, together often reiterated, "saturated with Chriswith the bringing into operation of tianity," it is Christian in origin, and the Factory Amendment Act, which Christian only. This is often overlooked and ignored. Justice and truth, as we alone was a great event, worth receiv- know these graces, have little foothold ing mention. in uninfluenced oriental life. Compas- sion and love, as we know them, have "Perhaps it may be said that the none. mention of, so many laws would be to make the book too technical, and "But is that really so? How about it was obviously not intended for Plato, Marcus Aurelius, Marx, Lenin, specialists. But in any case we should who have taught the West about like the writer to know the facts con- 'Justice,' 'Truth' and so on? Were cerning what he calls the Geneva Con- they all Christians? And is the writer ference in labor, where he says Japan prepared to say that Confucius is de- 'was represented,' as though it hap- void of the graces of justice or truth, pened only once. At this conference, or that in Gautama's precepts one"does which is an annual event, the Japanese not find compassion? Space does not Government does not, as he says, permit any lengthy argument. Let us 'reserve the right of postponing or only say that these unfortunate as- modifying the application of any reso- sertions do not convince and do not lution passed at these gatherings.' greatly help. Let the writer remem- ber that the West, which he calls "However, these remarks are severe, Christian, has its abundant evils of and coming from a Japanese they industrialism. He need not think that might seem ungrateful, whereas we his' book has not been worth writing do sincerely appreciate the sympa- if it has not made cleat that the inthetic attitude with which the book is dustrial problem in Japan is essentially written. The somber pictures drawn religious, but he must not overlook there are, alas, true to a large extent, the fact that industrial and social and no Japanese who loves his country problems are universal and rife even can afford to be content with a few in the so-called Christian countries. labor laws copied from the West. Industrialism in the East is of western When long hours are worked, women origin and comes from what the writer are toiling through the night in dingy calls 'the Christian West.' " mills, and awful inhumane conditions still prevail in the dormitories at- "I believe that all our offerings-of strength or time or money-have their tached to factories, no Japanese can virtue conditioned by the sacrifice that refute the accusation that his country gave them birth…… We begin to has no religion. Japan has to awaken, if she has not as yet, to the terrible operate with vital forces When we cross the border in the land of sacrifice ….. . reality of the present situation, and If the Church of the living God were we are grateful to the writer for sacrificial, she would thrill the world."- pointing out our failures. J. H. Jowett.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York PAN-PACIFIC WOMEN'S CONFERENCE The Pan-Pacific Union located in Education, Voting 34, Associate 14; Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii, is "an Industry and Professions, Voting 23, organization directed by representa- Associate 9; Government, Voting 25, tives of all Pacific races, supported in Associate 9; Social Service, Voting part by government appropriations, 30, Associate 11; total, 183. They cooperating with chambers of com- came from: Australia 16; Canada 1; merce, scientific organizations, boards China 5, two being Chinese; Dutch of education and kindred bodies work- East Indies 1; Fiji 1; Hawaii 91; ing for the advancement of Pacific in- India 1; Japan 18, all Japanese; New terests. It brings together through Zealand 17; Philippine Islands 2, both frequent conferences at the ocean's native; Samoa 3, two being Samoan; crossroads leaders in all lines of United States mainland 27.

thought and action in Pacific lands, Miss Jane Addams was honorary organizing them into friendly coop- international chairman, Dr. Valeria erative effort." Parker chairman of U. S. mainland Under auspices of this Union the delegation. Miss Mary Anderson, di- first Pan-Pacific Women's Conference rector, 'Vomen's Bureau, U. S. De- was held in Honolulu, August 9-19, partment of Labor, was there, and 1928. When first conceived in 1924 it President Coolidge appointed a special was termed a "Motherhood and Child representative, Dr. Louise Stanley, Welfare Conference." After the first Chief, Department of Home Economcommittee meeting, however, its scope ics, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

was widened to include five divisions The following will serve as samples of Health, Education, Women in In- of topics presented: "The Legal and dustry and Professions, Women in Political Relationships of Women in Government, and Social Service. Japan," by Kikue Ide, an outstanding The quota for each country was leader in the woman suffrage move- twenty-five voting delegates and two ment of Japan and head of the Wom- non-voting associate delegates from en's Problems' Institute of Osaka; important women's organizations, Ha- "Social Welfare Work in the PhilipwaH and the Philippines having sep- pines," by Mrs. Jaime C. de Veyra, arate quotas from the mainland. President, Federation of Women's Attendance was: Health, Voting 24, Clubs of the Philippines; "The Status 14 being physicians, Associate 5; of Preventive Medicine in China," by 139

Dr. Ting Mei-yung, Superintendent, numbers of voluntary or untrained workers who are rendering unselfish and Pei Yang Women's Hospital, Tien- effective service in many places, but en- ablin~ those deserving to secure special tsin, "China's Industrial Women," by trainmg in social service to receive it without the expense of travel to another Kyong Bae-tsung; "Industrial Hy- country, and enabling them to acquire field experience in those countries in giene in the Philippine Islands," by which their services are to be rendered.

Dr. Paz Mendoza-Guazon; "The Trade (b) That this Conference urges all women to draw the attention of official Union Woman," by Elizabeth Christ- agencies to the findings of the Child Wel- fare Committee of the League of Nations man. appointed to investigate the Cinema question and the report of the Royal Official voting delegates were gra- Commission appointed by the Australian Federal Government to inquire into the ciously entertained free of charge at Film Industry in Australia.

Punahou School a little distance out (c) That this Conference urges wom- en of the Pacific Basin to do all in their of the city proper, though a few pre- power to influence their Governments to carry out the recommendations of the ferred to stay at hotels at Waikiki League of Nations report on the Traffic in Women and Children, including those Beach half an hour away by trolley. urging the employment of women police and the abolition of state regulation and Naturally one of the greatest benefits of licensed houses.

of the conference was the interming- (d) That the Pan-Pacific Conference of Women is of the opinion that it ling and informal conversation be- would be of great value to the countries of the Pacific Basin if the body of extween sessions. Social functions had perts on Traffic in Women and Children of the League of Nations would conan important place in the program. tinue to investigate thoroughly condi- tions in those countries within this area ltesolutions which have not already been examined.

The following were unanimously (e) In view of the fact that there has been serious criticism at this Conference adopted: of the films sent to several countries of the Pacific Basin, the Pan-Pacific Con- 1. That the following projects be pro- ference of Women requests Will H. Hays, moted: director of motion picture industry in the United States, to contine the distri- (a) A correlated inquiry into costs bution of films in the Pacific countries to and standards of living in Pacific coun- those that reflect the best and not the tries with special reference to diet con- worst in life. That a resolution from tent. the Pan-Pacific Women's Conference be sent to the director of the British Film (b) A study of standards of living Industry asking that no films which and wages in Pacific countries which will would bring discredit to the moral standmake comparison possible. ard of Great Britain be sent to other countries. (c) A survey of the health of women in industry in Pacific countries through Recommendations from Sections an expert committee with Pan-Pacific links forged through this conference. The following is full text of findings (d) Formation of a committee of ex- of Sections as submitted to the Conperts for the initiation of health research projects of value to Pacific women. ference Forum.

(e) Research regarding electoral sys- These constitute a basis for contems, woman's place in political parties, tinuation work in the sections named, effect of compulsory votings, and legis- amplifying- the general terms of the resolation relating to women and children. lutions. The paragraph marked X in Gov- ernment Section was inadvertently not 2. That the interest of existing re- submitted to the Conference in resolution search bodies in Pacific countries be en- form. It remains, however. a record of listed, in consultation with national one of the most significant discussions of groups, toward best policies to be pur- the section. sued toward improvement of industrial standards in Pacific countries.

3. That committees be set up in accordance with the desires of the sections of Industry and Education for the purpose of acting as clearing house.

4. That the following resolutions be adopted: (a) Women in countries of the Pacific should work toward an educational program which will help to prepare social workers for more effective service, such recommendation in no way reflecting upon the valuable work of large

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

GOVe1"nment Section It, therefore, recommends that the per- manent committee of the Pan-Pacific The women in Government Section Women's Conference make arrangements during its deliberations have come to the with research bodies for making the necconclusion that in the enfranchised coun- essary studies, in consultation with the tries, there is a great deal of latent National committees of the countries in power .in the political machinery which which such studies are to be made. women have not yet fully learned to use. Political consciousness needs to be The following subjects are suggested: fostered in these countries, so as to 1. A study of the standards of living arouse a sense of public responsibility and wages in Pacific countries which will both in national and world affairs. We make comparison possible. stress the need for educative means of 2. The best policies to be pursued tobringing this about. ward improvement of industrial stand- ards in Pacific countries. This Conference desires to uphold the women in Pacific countries who are seek- Education Section ing enfranchisement, and trusts that their efforts will speedily be crowned Inasmuch as the vital problems of with success. health, social service, industry and gov- ernments are fundamentally problems of Every means should be used to pro- education in its broadest outlook, and in mote the responsible participation of order that those sections may profit by women in government. the most efficient and progressively up- to-date educational methods (X) The Women in Government Section who belong to countries which are The Education Section recommends trustees for the welfare of the Pacific the formation of a committee, composed recognize the duty of doing their part of representatives from each country, to see that the principles underlying the which will undertake: League of Nations mandates are applied in the letter and the spirit over the 1. To list educational agencies, formal whole area. and informal, and indicate their function.

The Government Section suggests that 2. To pool information as to national in the interval between this and a next problems and methods in education. Women's Pan-Pacific Conference, research be made regarding electoral sys- 3. To suggest problems for research tems, women's place in political parties, in order of urgency in relation to Pacific and the possible effect of compulsory countries: e. g., training by life activivoting, as well as upon other matters ties in character formation and in leaderthat need changes in legislation to pro- ship; economics; vocational education mote the welfare of women and children, and guidance, and leisure-time activities; carrying out any recommendations sug- and to promote international exchange gested by the other sections of this Con- of teachers and educational leaders. ference. Continuation Committee Industry Section Miss Eleanor M. Hinder, Executive The Industry Section submits the following for the consideration of the Con- Secretary of the Pan-Pacific Associaference Forum: tion of China, was Executive Secre- 1. In case a permanent organization tary of the conference and is serving be effected, an industrial committee be appointed consisting of three represent- for continuation work. The Continuatives in each country whose functions would be: ation Committee has drawn up a tentative plan looking toward a per- (a) To accumulate, and through the permanent secretariat, circulate among manent Pan-Pacific Women's organithe countries represented existing information on industrial conditions. zation. The executive secretary will (b) To be on the lookout in each coun- seek to determine what, if any pertry for effects of economic relations with manent Pacific Women's organizations some other country, reporting any findings to the secretariat. should be set up by the Second Pan- (c) Through the secretariat, to coop- Pacific Women's Conference which erate with the Labor Office of the League will be held in 1930. A Joint Standing of Nations in its attempts to improve conditions by international legislation. Pacific Committee may be formed 2. The Industrial Section recognizes along the lines of the Joint Standing the need of research before an adequate discussion of Pacific industrial conditions International Committee now existing is possible. at Geneva. However, no plans for permanent organization will be for- mulated until thorough study of pos- sible relationships to national and international groupings can be made.

"mu,D-WIDf

EDITED BY PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH, D.D., Madison, N. J.

CHINA at its November meeting it was re- ported that 3,100,000 Scripture por- National Christian Council tions, including entire Bibles and New Testaments, had been issued for China THE Council (October 11th-18th) last year. In the absence of mission- in Shanghai, took for its motto aries, these portions have been sold principle: "The Establishment of the mostly by the Chinese themselves, de- Nation Rests on Moral Principles." spite the confusion of the civil war. Its deliverance upon the relation of One native pastor wrote that he had' the Church to the State reads: visited some of the most notorious bandits, in their hiding places, and he A new nation needs new citizens; a told of how eagerly they welcomed new culture rests upon new personalities. these Scriptures. Now that war has Reconstruction of any kind, diplomatic, ceased, even the foreign agents, not political, educational, has one object—to excluding the especially hated British, uplift and develop the life of each citi- go about the country freely. The Sozen. This is what we understand by ciety has sent a consignment of 2,000 Christ's phrase, "The abundant life." Mandarin Gospels to Tibet for the Koko-Nor area, and 3,000 have been License, extravagance and error will despatched to Turkestan. be the result of the new outburst of life, if it be not guided by moral principles. Three Million on Trek This is the point of Dr. Sun's saying: "The natural side is transient. The moral side is permanent."

After mentioning items which the Church may expect from the Government, the Council states its hope for T the Church in relation to the Govern- HESE millions are famine-stricken Shantungese on their way to Manment: Over and above its distinctly religious churia, 600 miles to the north. The activities, we hope that the Church will terrible famine and the devastation by give special attention to: contending armies and local bandits are the causes of this exodus to the 1. The creation of a healthy construc- land of promise. The migrants have tive public opinion. sold their land and cattle for a mere trifle and with their wives, children 2. The assistance of the Government and old folk, some of the latter blind in policies of social reform, such as the and lame, are walking or trundling on suppression of opium and prostitution, wheelbarrows their scanty goods and the improvement of living conditions for feeble members. Many would not farmers and laborers, and so forth. think of finding in such an army any opportunities for missionary useful- 3. The preparation of men and women ness, but when all things have been for public service, especially through education for citizenship, and the study of the "San Min Chu I" [Dr. Sun's three principles for the. people's guidance.] 3,100,000 Scriptures in China!

MANY know of the great work done against them, it is a consolation to by the American Bible Society Jearn from kind Christians and misand by the equally marvelous issues of sionaries that God cares and even the British and Foreign Bible Society, loves them!

but relatively few ever hear of the Na- When they reached Harbin, one of tional BibJe Society of Scotland. Yet the Manchurian capitals, the Chinese 142

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

officials realized that special effort teachers are working with the Chinese must be made if these ill-nourished in full harmony.

folk were not to be a menace. Bar- C. A. NELSON, racks were erected and soup-kitchens American-Chinese Educational Com- were opened for the straggling mission.

crowds. A Gospel and two or three tracts were distributed to them, with A Chinese General and Preacher M a list of the Christian churches in RS. OLIVE LIPSCOMB ANDER- SON writes of General Chang as North Manchuria and an invitation to visit them. They were asked to read one of the two Christian leaders in the them and to take them to their desti- Nationalist Movement who offered in nation for others to read. Setting forth Nanking a resolution on religious into a new land with their idols and liberty. She also quotes from a letter temples left behind, these trekkers are to a professor' of Soochow University being brought in touch with mes- the following: "General Chiang Tzusengers of the Cross. Is it surprising chiang, General Feng Yii hsiang's that the Religious Tract Society agent representative in Nanking, preached received this appeal : "We certainly in St. John's Church today before a appreciate the 82,500 tracts which you large and enthusiastic congregation." have sent us. Can you send us an- This is an indication as to the sort of other grant of 100,000? I will person- men whom General Feng had about ally see that they are properly dis- him as aides.

tributed." English Baptist Uj!.ion in China Self-Support in South China ECENT information comes that R HE work in the Canton district the churches of the English Bap- Tthat was opened by the American tists in Shantung had voted to unite Board in 1867, later was given up with the Church of Christ in China.

and reopened in 1892, is to be turned This means that 128 organized over by the Board this year to the churches, including 23 which are self- native churches. From the first the supporting, with their 7,000 communi- missionaries endeavored to train na- cants have entered the union. Church tive Christians in self-support and of Christ. But the decision to unite work for others. Other churches with other Christians is much more have, from time to time, been es- important to Chinese Christianity tablished in outstations and have be- than the matter of mere numbers.

come independent of the mother church in Canton. Lutherans in China T The Chinese Christians have built HE Lutheran Church in China is officially known as the "Church of their own churches and schools, with their own money. Now foreign sup- Justification by Faith." The Luther- port is being entirely withdrawn by an Missions of America belong to this the American Board and as a result indigenous church. Recently the the Lo Tak School will be closed. The Chinese Church of the Berlin Mission Chinese Christians have organized to was received in the General Synod of continue the evangelistic work in the Chinese Lutherans. At this conven- outstations and are endeavoring to tion the majority of the delegates raise $50,000 for this purpose. Of were Chinese. .

this amount $30,000 has already been secured in China and Hawaii and the What Mrs. Feng Knows and Doe.

W committee is seeking the remainder in HAT the January MISSIONARY REVIEW had to say of Marshal America from Chinese and their friends. Feng Yu-hsiang, China's vice-presi- This work in China is eminently dent, was written by a man who strong and successful. American knows the general personally and who

impartially refuted the many slurring and actively promoted by J ames Yen, references to the "so-called Christian of West China, a B. A. and M. A., of general." But even Mr. Goforth had not a tithe of the knowledge of the Yale University. As a zealous assomaligned warrior statesman possessed by his wife. In the latest direct news ciation worker for the labor battalion concerning him, Mrs. Fling says: "I know that people wonder about me sent to France by China during the and my husband a great deal. We want nothing for our country so much Great War, he faced the problem of as fair treatment by other nations. enabling his illiterate countrymen to We have found many things to admire in Russia. We may be misunderstood. read and communicate with their home They may even put me out of the Church. But I want you to know that friends. His problem Dr. Cairns thus I am trying to live in the spirit of Jesus Christ." describes: Dean Luella Miner, Litt.D., whose One of the greatest of all educational student Mrs. Fling was for some years, difficulties is that of the enormously visited in her home when the general elaborate and complicated Chinese script and his army were stationed at Kal- and vocabulary. I believe it takes a gan on the' Great Wall, and testifies European many months before he can to the Christian character and good begin to be "literate" in the most eledeeds both of Mrs. F€mg and her hus- mentary sense. There are several thouband. Before her marriage, she had sand elaborate characters to learn acted as pastor's assistant of the Con- by heart. Now there are, let us say, gregational church in Peking, and she 350,000,000 Chinese who do not even was also a Y. W. C. A. secretary in know how to read or write the characters the city, both of which offices she of the popular or common, Chinese, filled to satisfaction. The latest good which is likely to become the common deed of Mrs. Fling is told by Presi- language of China. Most of these are dent Li of Yen Ching University, who adults already busy with the cares of was seeking funds for his institution daily life. How can these possibly bein Peking. His fiancee, a fellow stu- come able intelligently to take part in a dent of Mrs. Fling, urged him to se- Republic? This matter of illiteracy is cure a contribution from her, but he one of the almost insoluble problems hesitated as she was busy and was before the new Nationalist Government." just about leaving Peking. Finally he sought an interview, and she in- Mr. Yen hit upon the happy vited him to breakfast. With little suggestion from him, she placed in thought of counting the characters his hands fifty brand new fifty-dollar bills ($250 gold) and said that if he that constitute nine-tenths of the vohad come two or three days earlier it cabulary of common life. Later the might have been twice as much-her benevolence money being almost used count showed that about a thousand up. Remember in prayer Mrs. Fling, characters are used. So a series of the second lady in the land, and her husband. little books were prepared giving in pictorial lessons half a dozen or more "Watch Jimmy Yenl" new characters for each lesson. Then UNDER this title, Principal D. S. he went into key cities and enlisted Cairns, of Aberdeen, explains the greatness and significance of the edu- scholars, especially Christians, who cational "Mass Movement" initiated taught nights in scores ,of groups to adults and children alike these lessons.

The thousand characters could be learned in three months by the aver- age group, using only their spare time, usually at night. So eager are the people to learn these revered charac- ters, that the old are as anxious to learn them as are the children. Then in addition to the set of primers, Yen has published a periodical mainly for farmers, and others will follow. Dr.

Cairns further says: Yen may mean a great deal more for the future of China and mankind than nine-tenths of the Chinese leaders whose names are most before the public today. Various phonetic systems have

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

been tried, and are in successful use by The military instructors are all Rus- sian officers, and Mongolian officers missionary workers. But the Chinese attend military conferences at imporare irrevocably attached to their historic tant centers. Russian funds cover decharacters, and so Mr. Yen's scheme ficits not only for military schools, but for the whole educational system. seems to be the only one with a nation- Sanitary conditions are entrusted to wide future before it. If it succeeds, it a commission sent to Urga from the will throw the whole world of religious sanitary office at Irkutsk. literature open to the Christian Church in quite a new way. Imagine what it JAPAN-OHOSEN would mean to our own Churches if Bolshevism a.nd Ohristianity four-fifths of our masses could not read, and we may be able to reali"e the potentialities of a scheme like Mr. Yen's for the whole spiritual future of the people.

TIBET }"7"-AeGvAanWgeAli,stosn, elaobfoJr alpeaande'srsfoarnedmloist-t New Hope for Tibet T HIS is a note concerning the West erary men, in this wise, warns mis- China-Tibet contingent of the sionaries against lessening their efforts Christian and Missionary Alliance: for Japanese evangelization: "The work in China and on the "Bolshevism has a special enmity Tibetan border was hindered by the against Christianity; yet it is spread- withdrawal of the missionaries a year ing daily in Japan, and I fear that ago. We praise God that twelve mis- after this materialism has acquired sionaries for West China and the Ti- some foothold here, it will be very betan border are now in Central China difficult to do evangelistic work among on their way back to the field. We the laborers and pl!asants. I fear that cabled these missionaries in response within a decade Japan may have many to their cabled reqllest, granting them more young men inclined to material- permission to travel to West China, ism unless Christian idealists will even though the American Consul does stand and fight against it. If we do not feel free to give them official au- not endeavor at this crisis to empha- thorization. We expect that half of size evangelism the propagation of the these missionaries, and probably the Gospel must be delayed at least fifty twelve, will reach their field within a years. There has been no period in few months. Eight of these mission- Japanese history of thought so criti- aries are especially assigned to Ti- cal as the present. Yet at the same betan work, in which they were moment the missionaries seem inclined engaged during their past term of to withdraw their forces and the service. Two of them will enter a churches are diminishing in size ….. .

new area among the Tebbu Tibetans. If the missions withdraw their forces There is no more rugged work re- now, there will remain in Japan about quired in the mission fields of the 380 independent churches for 70,000,- world than among the Tibetan tribes, 000 people, and their future will be and we shall be glad for fellowship in like that of Zoroastrianism in India, prayer ministry on the part of God's affecting only an area about Bombay.

children for thiswork."-A. C. Snead, The factory workers, the fishermen, Foreign Secretarlj, C. and M. A. the farmers are still wholly outside the Christian Church. This is the Reds Gain in Mongolia great unfinished task of Christian T RAVELERS returning from Urga, evangelism." capital of Outer Mongolia, report educational advance in that new Re- Tokyo's Interna.tional Hospital public which now boasts of two mili- AMERICAN Episcopalians have long tary schools, a university, three small .tl. been the leading medical workers colleges, seven middle schools and more among Japanese missionaries-prac- than 100 grammar schools. Commu- tically the only ones in recent years- nist theories are taught in all schools. and now they have a building scheme 5

calling for $2,656,500, of which the working in Chosen, including the recent general convention underwrote Salvation Army, the Y. M. C. A., a million. Its head is Dr. Teusler, who the Holiness Mission and the eight has given twenty-seven years' service older missions, have their workers loto the reproduction of an American cated here. I know that twenty-five hospital in Japan, securing treatment services are being held in Korean toequal to that in America. The forty day, in the city and its suburbs, in- Japanese doctors on his staff are equal cluding the Roman Catholic and Episin the science of medicine and medi- copal cathedrals; but doubtless I have cal research to any physicians else- omitted some. Services in Japanese where, it is claimed. number six or more, and in Chinese and Russian, one each." Devolution in Japan Relatively speaking, Seoul's 320,- T HE Rev. Harvey Brokaw sends 000 are well churched, but yet-. news of the giving over of part of the Presbyterian work to the J ap- Intem.perance in Korea. anese Presybterians, a long step toward the giving over to the indigenous MISS ERWIN in The Korean Mischurch of its proper work. He lists sion Field discusses this topic these pieces of work as follows. with these illustrations. "I find a market town every five or ten miles Our Foreign Board through its where commerce is carried on by bar- Japan Mission has turned over some- ter and trade. Every house on Main thing like the following: Street in many of these towns either makes or sells alcoholic drinks. Almost In Naniwa Pre;bytery, 34 aided without exception all cash goes for churches, with all the mission appropri- drink. Nor is the traffic run on a cash ation. The latter this year is Yen 21,- basis. The writer knows of many in- stances where fathers have sold their 269. daughters to pay their drink bills or turned their daughters over to the In Sanyo Presbytery, 8 aided churches, drink shop keeper as a settlement for with the appropriation of Yen 16,313. their bills."

In Hokkaido Presbytery, about 8 aided After telling of how happy women churches, with the appropriation of Yen were in anticipation of clothing for' 1,841. their children which their husbands were going to buy with money en- In Tokyo Presbytery, 6 aided churches, trusted to them, she adds: "As we with an appropriation of Yen 5,382. were returning home, we met these same men coming back from town to This totals about 56 churches with an their country villages. Almost withannual appropriation of Yen 34,805 out exception all were so intoxicated [$17,402]. This annual appropriation that they could not walk straight. is to decrease at a rate not yet fully de- Those who were at all sober were trycided. ing to prevent the rest from fighting, for they were like wild beasts clawing While the Mission has started well at each others' throats. Not a few on a policy of self-support among the were down in the road mauling each rural and neglected population, the other in the dust and dirt. Some had missionaries will still require funds their clothing mostly torn off; some for literature, assistants and. even were calling one another's ancestors motor cars and tenting outfits for every vile term that their muddled itineration. brain could recall. A few had bought some provisions; here was a piece of Seoul as a Christian Center beef in the dust, there two dried fish had been trampled on until they were REV. E. W. KOONS enumerates these facts, among others, which show the importance of SeouL After enumerating schools and colleges, missionary and otherwise, with their nearly 15,000 students, he adds the following: "Seoul is naturally a center for missionary work. Each of the missions

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like pancakes. The Bible woman said day of thanksgiving. How differently that not only had these men squan- we look upon the hospital site now dered their wives' hard earned money, when we realize how the Lord is bringbut that these same men beat their ing to pass the plans that He so long women and children when they reached has laid upon our hearts."-New home." Guinea Tidings.

ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC Fiji Work in Danger Vasabolo! "Good News!" MR. R. M. BRASTED, General Sec- retary of the New Zealand Asso- WTHERE? In Kwato almost at the ciations, has recently informed the National Council of the Associations W eastern tip of New Guinea. And in India that the New Zealand Asso- ciations will probably be obliged to this is how it exhibited itself, as well as the cause of jubilation. The islanders greatly needed a hospital and ap- pealed for the money from the London give up all the work which they have Society. Mr. Abel, their missionary, been carrying on in Fiji, both among had been sailing about to see the vari- the whites and the Indians. The India ous stations and take snapshots of National Council is considering the them. On his return to Kwato, about possibility of sending a secretary cap- 8: 45 in a drenching rain and Egyp- able of carrying on the work for the tian darkness, as he approached the Indians at least.

shore the channel and town looked Spiritual Need of Dutch B"rneo fast asleep. Then he tells what happened, "Suddenly and as if by magic R A. JAFFRAY, who has been a chain of bonfires burst into light all • journeying among South Sea down the hill and simultaneously a Islands to examine the religious con- line of flaming torches and fires ran dition of the races, shows Dutch along the beach and was reflected wild- Borneo to be an important section of ly in the still black waters of the the unoccupied fields. It has a popu- passage. We were bewildered and lation of about 1,800,000 who live in speechless, as added to this was the the ports along the coast, with a large deafening notes of conch shells and unreached population of Dyaks, often kerosene tins and every sort of drum called "the wild men of Borneo," who and gong you can imagine. Then, formerly were cannibals and head- silhouetted against the blaze of bon- hunters. Our Methodists have done a fires, were crowds of people all cheer- little work in the ports, as have two ing and banging kerosene tins and other Missions, including the Dutch blowing conch shells. It was most State Church. The interior dwellers impressive and extraordinary beyond are unreached. The Dutch Missionary words. In a flash this thundering din Consul urged that work be undertaken of noise and blaze of light had burst in unoccupied sections on the east loose upon us and I began to wonder' coast, and on the west coast with a whether I was in my right mind. The center from which to go inland and noise was deafening-a pandemonium reach the Dyaks. There are a number ·of joy. The captain of my boat shouted of language groups that would prove to me, 'They must be mad.' And I an obstacle, but need is greater than :shouted back, 'They wouldn't all go linguistic difficulties.

mad at once; I think it is good news (vasabolo.), Then came the news- Chinese Mission in Ma.nila.

B 'The contract has been signed in Lon- EFORE Bishop Mosher of the Philippines started for the Protdon.' I felt like collapsing, but instead threw up my hands and cheered with estant Episcopal Convention in Wash- the rest of them. The whole popula- ington he signed a check for $30,000 tion seemed to be on the wharf ….. . for the purchase of grounds in the Tomorrow, Sunday, is to be a special center of Manila, to make possible

the accommodation of Chinese work wide interdenominational missionary which was begun by one of the Epis- conferences, 1a y men's mISSIOnary copal missionaries twenty-five years movement conventions and city-wide ago. Rev. H. Studley had acquired missionary institutes. Normal train- the Amoy dialect and as soon as he ing institutes in missions will follow reached Manila he began the only work the city-wide missionary conferences.

being done for the Chinese. It is said Each church in the city will be asked that the city has half the ·Chinese to send one or two registered dele- population of the entire United States, gates. In this institute expert train- and it is of the utmost importance ing will be given in the best methods that such a work as is now made pos- of missionary education and in the sible should be vigorously prosecuted. use of literature to Sunday school teachers, leaders of young people's so- NORTH AMERICA cieties, presidents of women's mission- Census of Federated Churches ary societies and leaders of men's Bi- ble classes. The Committee on Home T HE report of the Federal Census Cultivation is cooperating with the of 1926 says that there were 361 Missionary Education Movement in federated churches in the United developing the program of this new States with a membership of 59,977 department.

at that date. A federated church in their usage is one made up of two or Methodist Mission Budget more denominations, organizations, or units, each mairi.taining a separate ON NOVEMBER 21st the Methodmembership, yet acting as one body ist Board of Foreign Missions in the holding of religious services adopted a budget of $3,383,196 for and usually in maintaining a Sunday its foreign 'work for 1929. Of this school and in most or all social ac- large total $1,783,196 was a direct aptivities. How the denominations unit- propriation for foreign mission work, ed is shown by these figures: There and an additional $1,600,000 was "conwere 86 churches made up of a Con- tingent upon receipts." Out of the gregational and a Methodist Episcopal "direct fund," $584,000 is for China, unit; 40 Congregational and Bap- Japan and Korea, $406,000 for India tist units; 27 Presbyterian and and Burma, $111,000 for the Philip- Methodist Episcopal units; 22 Con- pine Islands and Malaysia, $136,000 gregational and Presbyterian units; for Central and South Africa, $253,- and 17 Methodist Episcopal and North- 000 for Mexico, Central America and ern Baptist units. Many of the re- South America and $291,000 for North maining churches were made up of Africa and Europe. To authorize this more than two units. Of these, 354 large expenditure twenty-four of the reported contributions of $1,272,455, thirty-two bishops were present.

of which $189,725 were for missions McAuley Mission's "Who's Who?" and other benevolences. SUPERINTENDENT BRITT of the Cooperation in Missiona.ry Cultiva.tion Jerry McAuley Cremorne Mission gives an informal classification of the T HE organization of a Department many who owe their salvation and of Leadership Training and Pro- bodily welfare to this famous mission motion under the Missionary Educa- in New York City.

tion Movement, with Rev. Walter "Are all the men who come to this Getty as Secretary, promises much mission uneducated? Perhaps sixty needed help to boards and local per cent of those who come are of churches. Plans are on foot whereby the laboring class; twenty per cent the Missionary Education Movement are of a class who have been roving through this new department will at- around, sinful and dirty, for many tempt to conserve the values of city- years. All men are given a definite

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time to show evidence of cleaning their ity which our pupils and former stu- lives with the help of God, and if dents are taking in church and we see that they seek only material community life. Their influence marks things, we take the proper action as a noticeable improvement in moral the Lord may direct. Another twenty standards, industry and economic per cent are men who have had the life."

advantages of an education and a high position in life, but who have lost Harmonious Cooperation S . out because of sin. Many of these ECRETARY LEIPER gives an interesting illustration of coopera- men are now back in their former status in life, holding executive posi- tive work out in California. He tions, and others are preparing to re- writes: "Miss A. J. Ballard of the turn. The laboring class is directed Committee on Migrant Work for the to employment, and the twenty per Council of Women for Home Missions cent who do not work are told what was recently in the Sacramento Val- is expected of them, and, if they do ley. She reports from Walnut Grove not respond, they are released from the impressions gained on· visiting a the care of this mission." "Aggres- clinic set up in the interests of mi- sive evangelism every day of the year" grant workers. 'We have an unusually is the motto of this mission where interesting group working together Jerry McAuley was converted. here,' she says, 'a Confucian dentist, (Chinese); a Japanese Buddhist doc- Indians BecoJlliug "School-Minded" tor; an American Catholic doctor; a MR. MARTIN L. GIRTON, super- Presbyterian registered nurse and intendent of the Presbyterian Baptist and Methodist religious work- Tucson Indian Training School of Es- ers. We are all working harmoniously cuela, Arizona, writes: "Indians are together to touch the lives of children becoming school-minded-and with a and bring out the best influences in vengeance. Not many years ago, par- their lives.'''

ents thought that they were doing the school a great favor by allowing their A Doctor's Work in an Igloo A children to attend. But that day has W. NEWHALL, pastor and doctor • of the Presbyterian Board within gone forever. Now parents are ready to make large sacrifices that their chil- the Arctic Circle, lets a trader, who dren may have the privilege of an was present, tell of his doings in an education. F:ahers who can scarcely Eskimo igloo-house usually made of speak a word of English talk of their snow. He writes: "A trader who children going through high school; had been sitting with his back against and many of the pupils, too, are catch- the wall, and now, stretching his legs ing a vision of what such opportunities preparatory to rising, burst into a will mean. loud laugh and said, 'Wal, doctor, this "Under these circumstances, it is here has been quite a meetin'. I think not surprising that the schools are full you've done enough for today. You've to overflowing. We endeavored to re- done the preachin' and singin' and duce our enrollment to capacity this the prayin'; you've baptized the babies year but the attempt proved a failure. and took some folks into the church.

Today, with a capacity of 175, we have You've given the communion and mar- an attendance of 193, and this num- ried them folks and given medicine ber will doubtless be increased to 200 to the sick. You've taught the chil- before this year's session is in full dren to sing some songs for Christ- swing. Fully fifty have been turned mas and you've pulled teeth. I dunno away already……. During the past what more you can do tonight, so you summer I visited many Indian com- might as well close this meetin' so we munities and returned gladdened in can lie down on this floor and git to heart to see the places of responsibil- sleep.' "

Dr. Newhall concludes thus: "So in the Mexican population, that is, a short prayer was made and the meet- seventy-five per cent, is as great as ing closed. Most of the people went in any other Latin American country, out but some tarried to see the mis- and presumably their attachment to sionary and the trader undress and the faith is as great. The inevitable get to bed. The trader stretched him- conclusion, therefore, is that Latin self out by the stove, while the doctor Americans are not willing to fight for laid his sleeping bag along the wall their religion. The old, uncompromisand crawled into it. The atmosphere ing, crusading zeal of the Spaniard' in the room was dense, but it was has disappeared from America." He warm and a shelter from the wind adds this quotation from Davalos y and cold. All floor space was taken Lisson: "The sacred word in the pulup by other sleepers." pit no longer moves hearts to contri- tion. The Christian people are content LATIN AMERICA to hear mass and oblige their children to confess."-Current History. Y. W. C. A. in the Canal Zone In Five Republics OUR young women are doing a very helpful work in the Canal Zone T HE Inland South America Union for thirty-two nationalities of that was founded in 1902 to carry the section. The latest report informs us Gospel to the unreached Indians and that their work is having its influence others in the interior of South Ameriupon the lives of Spanish-speaking ca. Throughout all these years prayer Panamanian girls, and that boy and has been answered and faith rewarded, girl parties for the two sexes are be- and in the last six years the work on ing considered for them, though hith- the field has been increased fourfold. erto unheard of in the zone. Many The fields are in Paraguay, Brazil, of the "Y" members are daughters of Argentina, Bolivia and Peru. Natofficials and employees in Canal Zone urally the work is hampered by lack service, though clubs for 300 colored of missionaries and trained Indian asgirls are also a feature of their work. sistants. Travel is also an impediment in those wildernesses, though they Latin ADiericans and Religion have a motor launch which enables missionaries on the upper Paraguay lLOYD MECHAM, Professor of Lat- and its branches to reach many who Lin American History, in discussing otherwise would nevephear the Gos- "Latin America's Fight Against Cleri- pel. Millions of Indians are as yet cal Domination," says of the common unreached. attitude on religion: "Notwithstanding the popular conception that the Catholic Argentina and the Bible Latin American is fanatically devoted to the Catholic faith, we generally find THE British Weekly contains a lethim supinely acquiescing, while am- ter from Rev. Robert F. Elder, a bitious caudillos make use of the Baptist missionary, in which he gives Church for political purposes. There an interesting movement in Argentina, were many prophecies in 1926, when albeit one against Protestantism. An the drastic anti-clerical legislation was Argentinian organization somewhat enforced in Mexico, that there would like the Y. M. C. A. has published be a popular uprising. It is true that 100,000 Gospels, and groups of young isolated revolts have taken place and ladies have been selling them in the that the situation today is charged streets of Buenos Aires. June 24th with uncertainty; but one would have was celebrated as "Gospel Day," and expected that, if the Mexicans are as a great meeting, attended by governdevoted to the faith as they are gen- ment and civil authorities, was held erally believed to be, they would have in the Colon Theater, when addresses forcibly opposed the religious laws were given and broadcast. Senor Ricci long ago. The percentage of Catholics

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in the introductory address is reported appearing from their Griiningen Disto have said: "This meeting has a trict owing to a plague of rats that clearly defined end in view which is have eaten their rice which is their to arouse a general movement for the main support. It is one of the hardest study and propagation of the great places in that region for earning a code of Christian civilization in order support, and hence their field is alto counteract with the Divine power most depopulated. If they ha(l a that emanates from the inspired book motor boat visitation, rather than the menacing problem of a cunning resident work, the mission might be demagogy and heresy which would kept up. Maintaining "congregaexpose to danger the beautiful tradi- tions," so essential in Moravian Mistions of the Latin peoples and the sions, is practically impossible. In settled order of the Argentine people, that country, the educational work of which never has wished and never the mission which was formerly queswill desire to serve other doctrines tionable, is now regarded as one of which in other countries have sown the most encouraging features. As hatred and sin." Government is not conducting higher education, the Moravians must carry Desiring to learn whether this was it on unless they leave that work to the true import of it all, an Argen- the Roman Catholics. tinian Baptist pastor wrote asking the price of the Gospels, and received this Eastern Amazonia Superstition in reply in part: "Weare pleased to tell you that, being desirous of giving THE Heart of Amazonia Mission the Gospel the widest possible circula- of Brazil asks prayer for the retion to counteract the Protestant prop- moval of an obstacle not often menaganda, we have published the four tioned in reports. The editor writes in one volume, pocket size, cloth bind- of Messrs. Roberts and Symes: ing, which also contains the preparation for confession and the commun- "It is evident that they are face ion and the ordinary for holy mass. to face with several difficulties. One The price is 0.50 pesos." of these arises from the superstitions of the Indians among whom they are The Japanese iu Brazil working. Sickness has seized many of them and deaths have resulted. I T IS reported that in the state of These are attributed by the Indians Para in northern Brazil, 2,500,000 to our brethren. They have the imacres of land iIi Acara have been pression that they have so exposed the granted to the South American De- evil designs of the Prince of Darkvelopment Company, a Japanese con- ness, that he has retaliated by afflictcern, formed for the exploitation of ing them and causing death. So strong the cotton possibilities in that state. is this superstition that some of them The company proposes to bring, with- will no longer join in the singing of in the next ten years, 40,000 persons the hymns they used to enjoy so much, to settle on the property. If this hap- or will they attend the meetings, nor pens, our mission boards are facing pray, lEst the enemy of their souls another opening akin to that among should lay his evil hand upon them." the Japanese in Hawaii. EUROPE Ra.ts and Mora.vian Missions Scots Back Church Fusion THE Moravians, who have always chosen the difficult fields of the AN OVERWHELMING approval was world, are facing obstacles in their section of South America which make 1"1 given by their General Assemblies them question the advisability of continuing. The Creoles, who have on November 21st to union of the constituted their main charge, are dis- Church of Scotland and the United Free Church of Scotland. The plan of union will need to be considered and approved by the presbyteries of

both Churches, which will convene tenary of the Rhenish Missions. As next May; and if approved the two in the case of the Basel Mission the churches will become one in the Au- year before, the many missionary sotumn. So unanimous was this action cieties of the continent in their pubthat of several hundreds of delegates lications bear tribute to the work done of the Church of Scotland only seven by the magnificent society in the hunmembers objected, while only forty- dred years of its existence. eight members of the United Free Church disagreed. Dr. Julius Richter, in the Neue All- gem e in e Missionsz13itschrijt, de- MeAll Mission Project scribes the Rhenish Society first of all as the teacher of primitive peoples. T HE latest one is the pUblication In Asia the adoption of Islam and of a periodical to be called L13 Buddhism have led to the deterioration Bat13li13r (The Bargeman) to be cir- of vigorous healthy masses of humanculated among the large number of ity while Christianity has helped to men and women, with their children, make the European nations the ruling who live on the canals and rivers of races of the world. France. There are said to be 8,700 miles of these waterways and upon Today Dr. Richter sees a twofold them ply more than 2,000 barges oc- task looming before world missions. cupied by nl) less than 50,000 people. The first part concerns the cultured The mission has this new approach nations of Asia, and the second reto another class unto whom the lates to the more neglected and backchurches have not ministered. ward races. He thinks that German missions have found their objective Evangelizing by Wireless in Iceland mainly among such uncivilized peoples whom it is of utmost importance to T HE Icelanders are noted for their bring under the influence of Chris- educational system, so that reading tianity. is almost universal. As this island, one-fifth larger than Ireland, has no The Rhenish mission has led three railroads and few motor roads except in the southwest, with bogs and extension fields of this kind; viz. in mountain ranges to limit communica- former Kaiser Wilhelm Land, in Bortions, Mr. Arthur Gook, who has been neo and among the natives of South a missionary there for twenty-three and Southwest Africa. The Papuas years, spends much of his time in of New Guinea belong to the great preparing literature, which is distrib- circle of Melanesian and Papuan peouted by post. This literature has ples. This field was taken over during resulted in many converts, most of the war by the Lutherans of Australia whom have never seen Mr. Gook. In and the Iowa Synod in America. Even- 1927 it occurred to him that broad- tually the Barmen Society will resume casting would serve the purpose even its work there. In Dutch East Indies better, and it has proved successful. the work is among the Botaks where Unfortunately the electrical power a primitive heathenism has maintained was not always to be depended upon itself. In southern Africa there is a and the broadcasting has been given varied mixture of races, that are up until a generating plant for his among the lowest beings in the scale northern station is secured. of humanity. For nearly one hundred years the Rhenish Mission has worked Centenary of the Rhenish Mission here with indescribable faith and pa- tience. A110NG the great jubilee celebrafitions of the past year, none has The results of this centenary of laassumed such prominence as the Cen- bor are shown in the indigenous Botak Churches in Sumatra with 250,000 Christians, the greatest indigenous church in existence.

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Swedish Mission's Semi-Centenial has been found for all these girls in various millinery, dressmaking, or ,HE Free Church Missionary So- other establishments where they will 1 ciety of Sweden, which works in soon learn a trade and become self- supporting. The home can accommo- Central China, Chinese Turkestan and date seventy-five at one time. The the Congo, recently celebrated its fif- girls do practically all the work. tieth anniversary in Stockholm. The services were attended by 15,000 par- Moscow Urges War on Religion ticipants and a gift of 900,000 crowns was presented by friends of the so- AWIRELESS despatch from the ciety. A minister of state participated New Y Qrk Times' Moscow corand Archbishop SOderblom sent a cor- respondent, sent on Christmas Day, dial letter of congratulations. enlarges upon this topic, saying among other things, that among the anti- Czechoslovakian Churches Soviet forces are members of the old Greek Church, Methodists, Baptists DR. HROMADAA of Prague writes and others whose total may number in the December Federal Council from twenty to thirty million, as Buk- BuUetin as follows: "In 1927 the harin, the Kremlin's chief spokesman Czechoslovakian churches for m e d estimates. The Pravda gives the folthemselves into a Federation …… A lowing list in the twelfth year of strong religious movement arose aft- Soviet power: er the Great War all over the Czech country and drew a great number of 1. Fifty thousand establishments occuformer Catholics to the Protestant pied without payment by 250,000 "acchurches. Especially in the west of tives" of the various faiths, including· Bohemia, many new congregations Mohammedans, Buddhists and Jews. have been built up of those converts who left the Roman and joined Czech 2. A hundred thousand religious Protestant churches. The number of groups transformed from cooperative the members of Czech Brethren in- associations, cartels, communal farms, creased from 160,000 to 255,000. Up etc. to the present time the effort toward union has not met with complete suc- 3. Fifty thousand church councils. cess …… Nevertheless the Federation of Czechoslovakian Protestant 4. From forty to fifty per cent of the Churches brings together about 700,- children of the Soviet Union still under 000 out of a total of one million Prot- the influence of the Church. And then estants in Czechoslovakia. (The total the conclusion follows: population of this country was 13,-· 600,000 in 1921.)" What is the use of boasting of the suc- cess of the anti-religious propaganda. Home for Working Girls in Athena when despite its prohibition, the sale of Christmas trees has gone on openly in T HROUGH the gift of $1,000 from the center of the city on the very spot the Anglican Churches of Vic- where the church was torn down? toria. British Columbia, Near East Relief was able to open a Working The Pravda devotes a four-column Girls' Home in Athens. A fine old leading editorial to proving from the residence near the Arch of Hadrian, works of Lenin and Marx that antion the road to the Acropolis, was se- religious propaganda is not only imcured for the girls. This home was po r tan t from the ideological greatly needed to provide an outlet viewpoint, but that it is actually a for some eighty to ninety older girls, phase of the class warfare which is almost all of whom are physically the keystone of the Marxist faith. handicapped and could not be placed That this is partly shared by the peoin homes as servants. Already work ple is seen in a cartoon which shows a "comrade" as asking a friend, "How can you have a Christmas tree like this?" He receives the answer, "It's all right-don't you see that all the lamps are red?"

AFRICA them …… They have seen to it that his progress about the British Isles A New Egyptian Sphinx has been attended with all the pomp and publicity that would be accorded T HIS is a statue unveiled in Cairo any important potentate. The less early in October. It represents a prepared, therefore, were they for the peasant woman standing beside a speech which the African chief made sphinx and pushing back the veil- before the Liverpool Chamber of Comand Islam's symbol par excellence has merce just before he sailed for home. always been the veil! May it be a Finding himself in such a place, he true omen that Islamic womanhood seemed to feel it natural to speak of is awakening to see her rights and is the form of commerce that was most soon going to obtain them in Christ. upon his mind. And that turned out Mission Director George Swan writes: to be the white man's importation of "We are fighting for the freedom of liquor into the Gold Coast. No less the young womanhood of Egypt, for than 1,300,000 gallons of spirits were the sake of all present and coming sent from Great Britain to the Gold young converts and enquirers. Ex- Coast last year. He told of what it traordinary difficulties are being en- was doing to the people of the Gold countered at every turn, but we Coast-of the physical and social misbelieve that the Lord has given us this ery that followed in its train. He told commission to see through, and that of the way in which it militated the result will be a step forward to- against the success of legitimate trade, ward true freedom." since the people who had been infected with a craving for drink soon had no Baptism of an Arab money left wherewith to buy useful articles. He appealed for help from DR. ZWEMER writes from Cairo the West-the Christian West !-in as follows: "Last June it was protecting his people against the our privilege to baptize here in Cairo Vest's own greed." an Arab from Nejd. His story is of deep interest. He was engaged in the Bed Rock Economy war at Taif; the bloodshed was terrific and the cruelty, as he stated, in- T HE Heart of Africa Mission, esdescribable. At that time he lost faith tablished by a wealthy English in Islam, and looked for a religion of Christian, C. T. Studd, who gave up love. Someone gave him a Bible. The his entire fortune to further worldrest of the story is that by the study wide evangelization, was recently visof the Book, he determined to become ited by an English Christian who gives a Christian, found his way to Damas- us illustrations of how extreme is the cus and then to Cairo. Through some economy practiced by these missiontracts of the Nile Mission Press he aries almost at the heart of Africa. found his way to our home, joined a "There are no buildings," he says, class of our mission here and was "that cost over £2 and only a few of baptized. He has now gone to Aden these. Generally £1 will cover the to work under the Scotch Mission and cost of a house of worship or for a is doing very well." missionary. Not a little money goes into expensive buildings. Not so here; "The Heathen Loses His Blindness" only bamboo or mud walls. As to mis- sionary allowances, these are down to ONCE more a dweller in the be- bed rock; there must be no reduction. nighted portions of the earth When they fall short-well, there is has arisen to tell the West of its sins. such self-denial that if we knew it And once more the West has no ade- at home we should hang our heads in quate reply to make. For reasons of shame." Strange to say, this visitor State the Paramount Chief of the tells us that the health of the workers Akim Abuakua on the Gold Coast, Sir Ofori Atta, has been entertained by

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is as good as in other missions. Of of water, so that the filings will fall Mr. Studd's headquarters, he says that into the water. Give this to the patient it also is of bamboo, with earth floor to drink. Then take the half crown pounded hard and with very ordinary and place it over the various parts of things in it, Mr. Studd joking about the body. When the half crown ishis "desk" and other furnishing for placed over a certain spot and the patheir lack of "finish." tient experiences a sharp pain, then that place is the root of the trouble." But with it all, our witness informs -Edinburgh Medical Mission Report.. us of an amazing four days' conference with 2,000 Negroes present with Gerltlans Return to Bukoba the missionaries, and that of the former about 1,000 gave up their sips and WEST of Lake Victoria in what dedicated their lives to God and his was formerly German East Afri-· service. From village to village, our ca, the Bethel Mission was located in informant went and found in all of Ruanda and it is now Belgian territhem an earnest spirit and of the mis- tory. Before the war the Germans. sionaries he says: "In all these weeks conducted there a very successful one never heard a word of criticism work. South African Methodist misby anyone of our missionaries of sionaries have looked after this terrianother. How refreshing it was to tory ever since that time, but have· get out of the homeland atmosphere gradually withdrawn and now have into such a one of love!" handed back the entire field to the German missionaries who have reen- African Notes for Doctors tered with a considerable staff.

DR. TILL of Swaziland writes from WESTERN ASIA his own observation the following notes and others. The Anti-missionary Near East "A baby a few weeks old was suf- I N THE Near East, the former tolfering from bronchial pneumonia; the eration of Christianity has been treatment was as follows: A large broken up by unreasoning outbursts· sheet was soaked in varnish and the of opposition. Dr. Robert P. Wilder baby was wrapped in it. A small space accounts for it mainly on five grounds. was left around the baby's mouth and 1. Recent happenings in Turkey, such nose, but otherwise it was completely as the abolition of the Khalifate, have covered by this sheet. Needless to say shaken to its foundations Islam among the baby was dead within twenty-four thinking Moslems throughout thehours. world. 2. This would naturally stiffen and put on their guard the Ulema and "Another treatment I came across official Islam everywhere. 3. The infor enteritis was this: A field mouse filtration of Christian ideas through was caught, killed and skinned. The the war and especially through Chrisskin was then placed on the fire and tian literature, medical, educational boiled for three days. At the end of and evangelistic missions is felt to be that time the poor, unfortunate pa- a real danger to Islam. 4. Agnostitient was made to drink the whole of cism, which one of the highest official the concoction in one dose. Moslems in Egypt affirms possesses the bulk of educated youth, is another "One man gave his son, a boy of foe. 5. There are other watchers who about fifteen, half a pound of red lead believe firmly that the sinister influto eat. This was to cure colic. It ence underlying these symptoms is did, and they had the funeral the next Russia's Soviet government, which day. though violently anti-religious, is yet doing its utmost through large sub- "I have also discovered a new method of diagnosis. Take a half-crown and file a small piece of it over a cup

sidies and other propaganda to attack INDIA AND SIAM the Mandatory Powers operating in Moslem countries of the Levant. These Second Stage of Missions ideas are also those of Bishop Gwynne of Egypt and the Sudan. F ROM the November issue of the National Christian Council Review Robert Wilder's Tours we quote the following item, reported from the Abbottabad Conference. I N "NEWS from the Area of the Council for Western Asia and In the development of the Church con- Northern Africa" Robert Wilder gives sciousness in India, we are now entering an account of many journeys in South- a second stage. About a quarter of a eastern Europe, Northern Africa, and century ago the Church in India began Western Asia. During these months to realize its responsibility in the evanhe has made valuable investigations gelization of "The Motherland." The in Greece, Bulgaria, Rumania, Con- National Missionary Societies and the stantinople, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, home missionary societies, connected Algiers and Tunis. His account with various denominations, were organabounds in statistics of the various ized. For the last few years, however, religions and briefly tells of meetings a new call is being heard by the Church held at various points. The longest and it is groping to find its way to take intensive touch with missions was at a forward step. The Church in India Constantinople, where the American can no longer content itself with the Board missionaries were at their an- needs of its own people, but it is being nual meeting. Their delegates num- prepared to launch forth in a bigger efbered sixty, and for them he conducted fort to carry the Gospel to adjacent a retreat and at the annual meeting lands. The doors to Afghanistan and he addressed them daily. He reports Central Asia may not be wide open yet, a great movement in the Gregorian but there are many indications that the Church, especially in Aleppo, where day is not far distant when the Christian one of the Gregorian pastors preaches soldiers will hear the bugle call to march each week to audiences of between 800 onward. God is preparing the Indian and 1,500 on the need of repentance. Church to take its legitimate share in this "push" when it comes. Neglected Jews Gandhi and Christian School Girls T HE "Chosen People," children of Abraham, heirs of the Covenant, MAHATMA GANDHI recently viscustodians of the oracles of God, are ited the Uduvil Girls School of still a neglected people, largely over- Northern Ceylon. He had been told looked by those who take the Gospel that half the students were Hindus of Christ to the unevangelized. Rev. and half Christians-some 600 in all S. B. Rohold of Haifa, Palestine, -and that no distinction was made writes: between high and low castes.

"The following fields are without Addressing the girls, he said that any definite Christian missionary to he was glad to find Christians and the Jews-(l) The whole of Mesopo- Hindus working together, and living tamia, (2) large cities of Syria, like together without caste distinction; Beirut, Tripoli, Damascus (since the that it mattered not what sort of departure of Rev. Elias Newman) and clothes a girl wore-she might be Aleppo." dressed in silks and look very beauti- ful; those things did not count. But The same is true of many cities of it did matter how her heart looked: Europe, Africa and North America how she felt in her heart toward othwhere the only contacts with Jews are ers. If she was proud and looked commercial and political, and are not down on other girls in the school, or always Christian. felt no sympathy for the poor or un- fortunate, she was not really beauti- ful. He then spoke of the Khaddar movement [home-made cloth] and the need of the poor of India for help from their Singhalese sisters, and urged them to support it.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Tommies Evangelizing in India consideration by the British Govern- ment and by Parliament. The effect METHODIST missionaries laboring of carrying out this veiled threat in Cawnpore not only report that would sorely hamper all missionary hundreds of British soldiers attend operations except possibly the medical services, but that they have become so work. enthusiastic about the work that many of them are assisting in village evan- Centennial of Ko Tha Byu gelization. They do not speak Hindustani, but they go out and sell gospels, THE first Protestant convert to be and then later they find some Indian baptized among Burma's millions, who speaks English and with him as has been remembered by a vast multiinterpreter, they add their testimonies tude, missionaries and foreigners, and explanations of Christianity to who had been drawn together from the printed Word. Going alone or by India and Burma and even from twos, their ringing testimonies as to America, to celebrate the historic what Christ is in their lives, have led event of this humble Karen's baptism. to conversions. They reach the Mos- The principal celebration took place lems, also, and one story is given as beside the dhobe pond where the rite an illustration. A Tommy and his was originally administered. One interpreter were walking along near feature of it was the immersion of a Mohammedan and his wife. The ten Indian, six Karen, four Burman, man .was reading an unclean book and three Chinese candidates, with aloud and laughing over it. The evan- from 1,200 to 1,400 spectators standgelizers joined them and asked the ing by the same tank in which the first Moslem what he was reading. This convert was baptized a century ago. led to an exchange of books, there was prayer and in due season both Among many important items of husband and wife were converted. the Conference which accompanied the celebration, was a discussion of the Another story is as follows: The devolution of responsibility and drummer of the regiment on his first leadership from foreign to local vacation after years of service, spent bodies. A feature that was accomit with his interpreter in this way and plished only through the cooperation attracted good sized groups, so that he of many friendly autos was when the returned to the church to report a 1,702 delegates went on a sight-seeing wonderful vacation, and to tell of the tour of Tavoy. success of his plan. Work for Chinese in Siam A Threat for India T HOUGH the first convert to Prot- ON DECEMBER 28th a compromise estant Christianity in Siam was a resolution framed by the two Chinese, and though they are numerwings of the All-Indian and Moslem ous in Bangkok, the work for the race League was adopted by a vote of 118 was neglected for various reasons. to 45. It was sponsored by Mahatma Since 1920, however, it has been stead- Gandhi and declares that if the Brit- ily growing. At first the Cantonese ish Government, by the end of 1929, and Swatow groups worshiped todoes not accept in its entirety the gether, but as the two dialects are Dominion Status Commission for In- widely different, services were begun dia, drafted by the Nehru Committee, for: the Cantonese, and in a few years the Congress would organize a non- the Cantonese church members have cooperation movement, including the increased to nearly a hundred. Today non-payment of taxes. Gandhi said the church has a regular pastor and that the Nehru report was not meant is practically self-supporting, selffor the Simon Commission, which is governing and self-propagating. Presthere from England investigating con- byterian missionaries are greatly ditions, but it was intended for the encouraged in this work.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Ancient Chinese Political Theories. Kuo- have the Light. In the light of these cheng Wu. 340 pp. Shanghai. 1928. facts, ordinary excuses seem selfish While this volume does not bear di- and small. The mass of well-chosen rectly upon missions, it is of impor- material, the warmth of a passion tance to those who would understand born of Love Divine, the quotations the Chinese outlook on life. It deals and stories should melt a heart of with the great philosophers of the first stone.

miUenium before Christ, who have The author is the Executive Secre- molded the Chinese thought of all suc- tary of the Presbyterian Church ceeding generations. The author has (South) and his whole life-work has not utilized .recent critical studies by given him the right to speak; his soul Chinese and foreigners on the authen- is afire with love and he voices a loud ticity of the texts he uses, and at times call from the Risen Redeemer to this omission weakens his conclusions, all Christians to follow Him in sacri- but he has brought together in Eng- fice and to carry the Word of Life to lish translation a large number of the millions dying in sin and misery.

pertinent passages from the ancient There are chapters for the preacher, philosophers and has let them speak for the Sunday-school, for the critic.

for themselves with a minimum of One deals with "The Bible and Mis- necessary interpretation. Many of his sions," and another with "The Penny quotations, particularly from the and Missions." It enlarges one's faith Legalists, have not before appeared in the power of Christ to save all na- in English. K. S. LATOURETTE. tions and to meet needs. It is accu- The Desire of All Nations. Egbert W. rately described as "a rebuke and in- Smith. 193 pp. $1.50. New York. 1928. spiration to preachers, an acid test of This is one of the strongest apolo- the Church's vitality, an exposure of getics for missions that has appeared in recent years. If any real believer the perils of the world, and a book of in Jesus Christ has no interest in stimulating devotion aiming to pro- mote likeness to the Lord Jesus Christ." FRANK LUKENS.

missions, here is the book that will Farmer Wu, the Man who Baptized Himtouch him. It comes out of a fervent heart, full of the true missionary spir- self. C. N. Lack. Illustrated. 53 pp. 6d. London. 1927. it of Christ Himself, and out of a This charming little story of Chimind plentifully informed on the great nese village life, tells how a farmer theme. It is not cold reasoning; it is was converted by having the Bible filled with facts and incidents from read to him. For years he walked humanity itself and reaches the heart miles to a Christian chapel. Mr. Wu with compelling power. If it should was disappointed when the missionbe published in cheaper form and aries were driven away by the Boxers spread by thousands, it would help before he had been baptised, but one to awaken pastors and people alike to day he fell into the water and instead the awful need of the unsaved and the of being angry took this for his bapinescapable obligation of those who tism, and so plunged in again with a 158

BOOKS WORTH READING

prayer for the gift of the Holy Spirit. to keep abreast of evangelical Chris- tian progress and to have an intelli- When the missionaries returned he gent view of the outlook before the Church of Christ in its campaign to was publicly baptised before some evangelize the world in His Name and Power. A more extended review of thousands of his countrymen, and be- these volumes will appear later.

came a preacher. He suffered for his Across the World of Islam. Samuel M. Zwemer. lIlus. 8 vo. 382 pp. $4. faith, but rejoiced in the conversion New York. 1929. Dr. Zwemer is one of the foremost of his family and relatives. The read- Christian authorities on modern er's heart warms with a desire to thought, life and work among Mos- lems. He has been a missionary to bring Christ to the millions that wait them for forty years and has traveled in all their lands. He is the honored in darkness. FRANK LUKENS. Editor of the The Moslem World and the author of a large number of books China Christian Year Book for 1928. on Islam. The present volume is a Edited by Frank Rawlinson. 12 mo. view of the Mohammedan World as 446 pp. $1.80. Shanghai. 1928. he has seen it and studied conditions in Arabia, Turkey, Mesopotamia, In- We welcome this fifteenth volume dia, Egypt, North Africa, the Sudan, of a valuable series after one year of South Africa, Dutch East Indies, omission due to disturbances in China. China and Europe. The picture is The contents are rich and varied, in- graphic, stimulating and informing. cluding surveys of political events and The author has a wonderful undertheir effect on the Christian Church, standing both of Mohammed and of the status of women in China, re- Christ and it is worth while to see ligious liberty in China, movements with his eyes and to have the reaction for Christian unity, and the present of his mind and heart. On the side outlook for religious education, as well Dr. Zwemer discusses such topics as as sections on social life, health work "Could Mohammed Read and Write," and literature. The authors are mis- "Women in the Koran and Traditions," sionary authorities such as Prof. Har- "The Mosque as a Place of Worship," old Balme, Dr. Henry T. Hodgkin and "Mecca the Mysterious" and "The New Bishop Roots, but especially note- World of Islam." worthy are the thirteen Chinese Christian contributors. These include the Youth and the New America. G. Bromley national secretary of the Anti-Opium Oxnam. 167 pp. Cloth $1, paper 60c. Association, the secretary of the China New York. 1928. Christian Educational Movement, a member of the Village Education The quality of a house is determined Movement, the Commissioner of Edu- very largely by the builder, and the cation for Kwangtung and several quality of a book depends very largely members of the China Christian Coun- upon the character of the author. Dr. cil. The volume is worthy of close Oxnam, now president of De Pauw study. University, has one of the keenest minds and one of the most stimulat- Report of the Jerusalem Meeting of the ing personalities to be found among International Missionary Council. 8 our younger generation of religious volumes. 12 mo. $6. New York and leaders. In addition to what the London. 1928. schools can offer, Dr. Oxnam has had the advantage of world-wide travel, The Jerusalem gathering last Spring and he brings to his interpretation of was notable for the personnel that national problems, in terms adapted met from all lands, for the importance of the topics discussed, the spirit manifested, and the program outlined. These eight volumes give the reports of the various commissions, the discus~ion on them and the general addresses and conclusions. They are an unusually rich source of information and are necessary to those who wish

to youth, a preparation for his task The themes include: "How We May be which is of the very best. He ana- Sure," "Christianity a Unique Reli- lyzes the characteristics of modern gion," "The Everlasting Arms,"

American life and then measures our "Things that Cannot be Shaken,"

present standards of conduct with the "What it is to Be a Christian," "A measuring rod of the principles laid Soul-Winning Church," etc. They are down by Jesus. Questions of social good for any church and any denom- justice, peace and war, race relations ination. FRANK LUKENS.

and human brotherhood are played Joy Rides. A Picture-Making Book. 20 pp. 18. London. 1927. up in a most challenging fashion, and A story, a suggestion and a space the book concludes with a most effec- in which to cut out, color and paste a picture, are the means used here to intive appeal to help make America terest and instruct children in mis- sions. The six "Joy Rides" are excelthe Beautiful." J. T. S lent educational alld inspirational journeys into Egypt, India, West Af- Three Boys on the Yangtse. B. M. Mc- rica, Japan, China and Palestine. Kinley. Illus. 8 vo. 252 pp. $2. New York. 1928. Deeds Done for Christ. Sir James Mar- China is a great land for novelty chant. 8 vo. 335 pp. $2.50. New York. 1928. and adventure. The boys found both and much more. Other boys and girls Christians today know too little of will be delighted to share their ex- the great heroes of the Church. The periences trlj.veling through the heart Christian biographical sketches in of China by houseboat and other this volume deal not only with some strange modes of travel, passing well-known saints, martyrs and piothrough whirlpools, encountering neers but introduce us to othel' worthy bandits, seeing the Chinese at home, characters less famous. Among the martyrs, whose lives and characters at work and at worship. It is not Ii are pictured are Polycarp, Origen, Cyprian and the unfamiliar names of missionary tale but one full of inter- women-St. Perpetua, St. Blandina and St. Telemachus. There are also est. described such pioneers as Robert Raikes, Thomas Chalmers, Mrs. The Southern Presbyterian Pulpit. Ad- Josephine Butler and John Howard. dresses by ministers of the Presby- Among the missionary heroes are not terian Church in the U. S. Edited by only William Carey and Hudson Charles H. Nabers. 295 pp. New Taylor but Dr. Torrance, Sadhu Sun- York. 1928. dar Singh, F. S. Arnot, David Jones and Edward Steere. In all forty-five Dr. Charles L. Goodell says: "These heroes are introduced; they are men sermons have in them the grip on the and women worth knowing. The chapeternal verities. While they are thor- ters offer much material for instructoughly up-to-date, they· advocate a ing young Christians in the elements dateless religion, a Gospel which will of noble character and true service. find the soul when the stars have gone The biographical material is not preout." The preachers are among the sented in as attractive popular style most distinguished men of the South- as we wish or as might be done with ern Presbyterian pulpit. The sermons the material at hand. There is too much quotation from heavy bi6gare arranged in alphabetical order raphies. Some of the chapters give with biographical notes which, we stirring incidents and inspiring exthink, might better have been collected amples of self-sacrifice. in an appendix. Seldom are sermons so uniformly good. The themes are vital and timely. The Saviour is pre- sented in everyone. The language is of a high order, the structures are simple and direct, and the style is devout and with the personal appeal of hearts filled with the love of God. They call for a pure Church and individual Christians of spiritual power.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1928

BIBLICAL SEMINARY IN NEW

Interdenominational WILBERT W. WHITE, President T~d~~~:-~~~e~:e~~:~~;~~g.~~~(~~~f:~I~ ~:;tee~~~idyTO~echoii!"t;:1~1:C1~i~ ~h~~:t~~i~~Y,t~~;c~ofo;!:~ and philosophical modes of approach, under the professors of the subjects indicated.

Tile De~rtment 01 ReUglous Educa.tlon.. A ('ourse for Bible teachers in colleges, directors of religious edUL'atlDn. reHgjous work secretaries, and other Chri.stian Jeaders.

The Departlllen.t of . . . .10… A course with the missionary candidate's needs especially provided for, in Bible study and subjeets essential In missionary preparation.

The Departlllent .f Soela1 SerYlce. A course for workers in settlemf"nts. community service and other branches of social service.

De.rees. By the authority of the Board of Re~enh of the LJniversity of the State of New York, the degrees of S.T.B., S.T.M , S.T.D.• B.R.E.. M.ILK. and n.R.E. may be ('onferred upon Rtudents who ~atisfactorily complete the prescrihed course. ThE' Bihlkal Seminary al:olo cu·operates with the School of Education of New York University in offering courses leading to the degrees of M.A. and Ph.D. Send lor the N.w Catolo, THE BIBLICAL SEMINARY IN NEW YORK Publishers THE BIBLICAL REVIEW 235 East 49th Street, New York A MISSIONARY MEETING 'Twas once upon a time they met to talk of mission work- The Indian, the Arabian, the habits of the Turk. Mr. Fearful and Miss Cautious, Mr. Stingy and Miss Slow, All waited anxiously to hear what everyone should know.

The president walked to the chair; for order gave a rap: "Our business first is foreign work; so study well this map.

Far off in darkest heathen lands some money must be given; This was our Saviour's last command before He went to heaven."

Miss Cautious spoke: "We can't afford to help across the sea; Those people are too far away. It always seems to me That here on our own continent are needs much greater there. I move that foreign work be dropped; and then I'll give my share."

This motion seconded at once, the foreign work was lost, Because the needs were great at home; they had to count the cost. But now another voice was heard, the speaker was Miss Slow: "Domestic work may be all right; but I for one say 'No!'

"I move that we go slowly; our church we must repair: For charity begins at home, so why send money there? So I sUl!'gest we henceforth drop all missions from our work. We canYt afford to labor for the Indian or for Turk."

The motion seconded at once, all mission work was lost, Because the church must be repaired, and they must count the cost, Then Mr. Stingy rose, and said: "My friends, I cannot see Why you are ever trying to get more money out of me.

"You know my family is large; my money I much need; I have so many clothes to buy, so many mouths to feed. I move that all this church expense be left for richer people; These are the ones to run the church ana·~uard from steps to steeple."

The motion seconded at once, the debts were left to others, For well they knew the church roll gave the names of richer brothers, Then carne a voice, a feeble one, which said: "I can't afford To help my family along; 1 leave them with the Lord.

"I earn enough to keep myself, and hope some corning year To have enough laid up in bank to read my title clear." Then all the members said: "You're right. We owe ourselves a debt." So each one closed his pocketbook. They've not been opened yet.

But this was many years ago, full fifty years or more. We in a n~w creation live; such meetings we deplore. How grieved we feel that long ago the people did not know That giving brings rich blessings, and we reap just as we sow.

-Adapted from Mrs. Peter Stryker.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to adverUrera. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor AUGUST TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FRONTISPIECE-THE MOST NORTHERN MISSION STATION IN THE WORLD PROTESTANTISM IN LATIN LANDS ………….. KENNETH D. MILLER 613 LINKING THE TWO AMERICAS ……………… CHARLES A. THOMSON 619 CROOKED NECK CHARLIE …•………………•…. HARRIET R. KING 624 GLIMPSES OF MODERN GREECE ……..•..•….•..• CHARLES T. RIGGS 625 ROMANCE AND REALITY IN ALASKA ……….•… A. J. MONTGOMERY 629 WOMAN'S RIGHTS IN TURKEY •…………….. A TURKISH EDITORIAL 636 CANADA AS A MISSION FIELD …•…•…•..•…….. COLIN G. YOUNG 637 HOME MISSIONS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN CANADA …. • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . • . . . • . . . . . . . • . . • . . • . . . . . . . •W. A. CAMERON 642 AMERICA'S GREATEST CONTRIBUTION TO EGYPT … WAHBY BOULUS 644 EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANITY IN ITALy ..••.. ALBERT G. MACKINNON 645 AN APOSTLE OF CHRIST IN NEW BRITAIN ……….. J. H. MARGETTS 648 THE VITALITY OF MORMONISM. _. ___ . __ …… _…. " . WM. M. PADEN 650 CHINESE CHRISTIANS WHO HAVE STOOD ….. __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 656 BEST METHODS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE ………. _.. MRS. C. K. LIPPARD 657 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ……. -……………… . . . . . . . • . • . • . . • . . . . • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 663 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN ………………………… . • . . . . . . • • . • • . • . • . • • . . . • . . • • . . • . . . . . . . EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 667 WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ……………………………………… 670 BOOKS WORTH READING •.••..••.•…….•……••………….••… 686 TERMS: $2.150 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 150 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CoMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vlae·Pre8ide,., DELAVAN L. PIEItSON, Secretary WALTIlR McDOUGALL, Treasurer Publication Office, 3d & Reily St•., Harrisbnrg, Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Buslne•• Office, 156 Fl!th Avenue, New York City Entered aB second-class matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act or March 3, 1879. PERSONALS Eight years ago these two Councils DR. JOHN R. MOTT has resigned as started to place interdenominational Re- General Secretary of the National Coun- ligious Work Directors in the Governcil of the Young Men's Christian Association to devote his whole time to the ment Schools for Indians. There are at work of the International Missionary present six Directors serving eight Council, of which he is Chairman. His resignation becomes effective in October. schools to promote Bible instruction, constructive social relationships, and Dr. Matt will continue as President of student activities. the World's Alliance of the Young Men's Christian Associations. In his new Miss Brickman is eminently qualified capacity he will develop the plans outlined at the recent meeting of the Coun- for her new work, having been Student cil at Jerusalem. Secretary at Michigan State Normal Col- In October, Dr. Mott will start on a lege and for over ten years Girl Reserve world tour, after which he will make his headquarters in New York and Geneva. Secretary in the Young Women's Chris- tian Association, Detroit, Michigan, and office executive with the National Board in New York, and General Secretary in Riga, Latvia.

T. H. P. SAIL"ER," PH* .D., author, re- (lOMING EVENTS cently Educational Adviser to the Board Victorious Life Conferences, Keswick of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Grove, N. J., Aug. 4-12, 18-26, and Aug. Church in the U _ S. A., and Associate 31-Sept. 3. in Education at Columbia University, has joined the staff of the Missionary National Con v e n t ion, Evangelical Education Movement. He has given up League, Evangelical Synod, Milwaukee, his work at Columbia in order to devote Wis., Aug. 7-12. his entire time to experimental work in religious and missionary education. National Association of Workers Among Colored People, Winston-Salem, *** N. C., Aug. 14-19.

REV. DR. AND MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER, International Christian Press Conferof the Methodist Episcopal Church, re- ence, Cologne, Germany, Aug. 16-22. turned in June to their field in the Belgian Congo, thus making their fifth World Youth Peace Congress, Eerde, Holland, Aug. 17-26. .. .." voyage to Africa. MRS. W. T. HOBART, of the American World Alliance for International Methodist Episcopal Mission, Tianfu, a Friendship Through the Churches, station about thirty miles south of Tsian- Prague, Czecho-Slovakia, Aug. 24-30. fu, China, was killed on April 29th by a bullet fired into her bedroom, and ap- Human Relations in Industry Conferparently aimed at the missionary by one ence, Silver Bay, New York, Aug. 29of the southern soldiers. Mrs. Hobart Sept. 2. was born in Flushing, L. I., and went to China forty-six years ago where she Universal Christian Conference on rendered distinguished service with her Life and Work, Prague, Czecho-Slovakia, husband who is still on the field. Aug. 31-Sept. 5.

REV. YONETARO *MA*TSUI has been National Baptist Convention, Louis- ville, Ky., Sept. 4-10. elected Bishop of Tokyo, to succeed the late Bishop Motoda. Preliminary Meeting for Universal Religious Peace Conference, Geneva, *** Switzerland, Sept. 12-14.

DUGALD CAMPBELL, African traveler Biennial National Convention, Evanand author, has undertaken a two-year gelical Brotherhood, Evangelical Synod, expedition for the National Bible So- Indianapolis, Ind., Sept. 16-19. ciety of Scotland, to sell Scriptures, mainly Arabic and French, throughout Convention, Women's Missionary Sothe Sahara. He is to begin his tour at ciety, United Lutheran Church, Johns- Senegal and end in the Anglo-Egyptian town, Pa., Sept. 22-27. Sudan. Convention of the United Lutheran "*" Church, Erie, Pa., Oct. 9-.

MISS HELEN M. BRICKMAN has ac- General Convention of the Protestant cepted the position of Director of Reli- Episcopal Church, Washington, D. C., gious Work for Indian Schools, serving Oct. 10-. in executive capacity under the Home Missions Council and Council of Women American Board of Commissioners for for Home Missions beginning September Foreign Missions (Congregational), An- 1st. Her headquarters will be the office nual Meeting, Bridgeport, Conn., Oct. 16of the Council of Women for Home Mis- 18. sions, 105 East 22d Street, New York International Goodwill Congress, New City. York, N. Y., Nov. 11-13.

National In t err a cia I Conference, Washington, D. C., Nov. 18-2l.

Federal Council of the Churches, Quadrennial Meeting, Rochester, N. Y., Dec. 5-12.

Fourth Conference on the Cause and Cure of War, Washington, D. C., Jan. 14·18, 1929.

Hospital Manse Church Schoolhou••

THE SKYLINE AT POINT BARROW-SEEN BY WILKINS ON HIS FLIGHT TO SPITZBERGEN i A WINTER VIEW Oli' A SU:lDIER RESORT! AN IGLOO A']' POIN']' BARROW, ALASKA A SUlIllllER HOME IN A WINTRY LAND- ·POINT BARROW THE MOST NORTHERN MISSION STATION IN THE WORLD

LI, No.8 August

PROTESTANTISM IN LATIN LANDS BY KENNETH D. MILLER, New York American Repre8entative at the Burea" tar the Reliet of the Evangelical ahurcheB of Europe C AN Protestantism make any thought and liberty of conscience headway in the Latin coun- thrive only among the practically tries?· Is the Protestant ap- minded folk of northern climes?

proach to Christianity adapted Or is the division between Prot- only to the Teutonic mind? estant and Catholic nations to be A casual glance at a map of explained purely on the ground Europe showing the religious af- of accidental historical causes?

filiations of the population would Are the racial characteristics of lead one to believe that Protestant- the Latins the causes of their re- ism is a type of religion which ligious affiliations? Or are they grips the Nordic peoples but leaves rather an effect?

the Latins cold. Protestantism is Such questions cannot be an- found to be dominant in the north- swered without an examination of ern countries only-Great Britain, the present extent and influence of Scandinavia, Holland and Switzer- Protestantism in the Latin coun- land. France, Belgium, Spain, tries. For Protestantism has a Portugal and Italy are almost sol- foothold in each of the Latin coun- idly Roman Catholic. In Germany, tries. It makes its influence felt Ireland and Switzerland the north- despite its numerical inferiority, ern section is predominantly Prot- and in some of the Latin countries estant, the southern is Roman the Protestant churches exercise Catholic. a very potent influence.

Here is a field for the investi- Such is the case in the French gations of a scientist anxious to cantons of Switzerland where the discover the influence of geography 500,000 Protestants form two and climate upon human behavior. thirds of the French population Is the Latin race, as such, so con- and one fifth of the total Protes- stituted that it cannot be led to tant population of the country.

adopt the Protestant modes of This is the only country where thought? Is there some connec- Protestants form a majority of a tion between emotional tempera- Latin population. Also it is the ment and ritual and external only instance where the Protes- authority? Does independence of tant group forms a compact unit 613

so that it is in a position to ex- to such a condition, the Church ercise a direct influence upon the must carryon an aggressive mislife about it. The strength of sionary work. It must make of Protestantism in French Switzer- every church a center of evangelland is traceable directly to Cal- ism, and it must organize a home vin and to the important role missionary work to reach those played by Geneva in the Reforma- sections where no organized church tion. The religious freedom ac- is located. corded by S wit z e r I and for centuries has given the seed of the There is plenty of field for such Reformation ample opportunity to activity without giving any justigrow and develop into a sturdy fication to the charge of proselyttree. ing. Even Catholic statisticians do not place the number of prac- The Fight in France ticing Catholics at more than one fourth of the population. The In France these conditions are French evangelical churches are not present. The Protestants there aggressively missionary. Such orform a minority of one million in ganizations as La Societe Centrale a population of forty million, and Evangelique, La Cause and La of the million Protestants one Mission Populaire Evangelique are third are German-speaking Luth- rendering heroic service to bring erans of Alsace. Furthermore, the the Gospel to the masses which are Protestants of France are widely now out of touch with any and all scattered. Of the ninety depart- churches. In addition, the French ments of France, there are only churches are recognizing their rethirty where there is any appre- sponsibility for the spiritual welciable Protestant popUlation. In fare of the 2,845,000 immigrants two governments there is not a from central and eastern Europe single Protestant church. The old who have flocked into the indushistoric Huguenot congregations in trial centers during the war. The the south of France are breaking Paris Missionary Society is the up with the migration of their agency of the French churches for young people to the urban centers. the conduct of missionary work in. The Protestant minority is scat- seven fields in South Africa, tered all over France and is becom- Madagascar and the French coloing more scattered every day. To nial possessions, and its work combe sure, more than 80,000 Protes- pares favorably with that of any tants have been gathered into the foreign missionary agency in the churches which have been built in world. Paris, but thousands of others were lost to the Church when they French Protestants are the spirleft their peasant homes. itual heirs of the Huguenots. They are ever conscious that it is their Under such conditions, the Prot- duty to maintain liberty of conestant Church is faced with a fight science against oppressive authorfor its very existence. It must ity. They feel that the massacre of three thousand Protestants at minh;ter to a diasl)ora, and keel) Toulouse, and the exploits of Ad- miral Coligny and the Prince of in touch with those Protestants Conde, did as much for French who have moved into a Catholic freedom as Washington did for the or irreligious environment. To offset the inevitable losses incident

PROTESTANTISM IN LATIN LANDS

liberties of America. The seventy more grimly persevering in their thousand martyrs who fell after religious views. They number over St. Bartholomew's day are as dear 40,000 souls, over half the total to them as are the Scottish martyrs Protestant population of Italy, and or the men who died at Bunker are to be found not only in their Hill to their countrymen. With ancient stronghold in the Walden- a revival of interest in the Catho- sian valleys, but all over Italy. In lic Church on the part of many their missionary work in the towns and a continuing indifference to all and cities of Italy, the Churches religions on the part of the masses, of the Valley are aided by friends the Protestant Church feels that from abroad, of which the Walden- it has a real mission in France. sian Aid Society of the United It is called upon to witness and States is the most generous. Free contend for liberty of conscience speech, free press, free worship, and freedom from state control of spiritual independence and the religious organizations. And it is open Bible, are values which Italy also clearly called to spend itself and Christendom can ill afford to in the effort to bring the now un- lose in these days of reaction and churched millions under the sway dictatorships. This historic Prot- of Christ. That this can be done estant Church is rendering a great without bitter controversy, the service to the entire Italian people.

French Protestants are demon- Interest in Belgium strating. They distinguish between persecution and opposition at the In the other Latin countries, polls, between intolerance and hon- Protestantism represents not so est disagreement. An observance much an indigenous, historic body, of these distinctions by the author- but the result of the missionary ities of Rome would do much to and evangelistic work of Protes- relieve the tension of the religious tants of other lands. Protestant- situation in France. ism in Belgium was almost wholly In Papal Italy destroyed by the Duke of Alva, when 40,000 Protestants died as Although Italy harbors the Su- martyrs and 500,000 were exiled.

preme Pontiff within her borders, In such a manner was the "unity and is thought of as an essentially of faith" secured in Belgium and Roman Catholic country, Protes- maintained until early in the nine- tantism wields an influence in the teenth century. With the restora- intellectual and spiritual life of tion of religious liberty under the people entirely disproportion- Joseph II, pastors from Holland ate to the numbers in its member- and Germany entered the land to ship. The Waldensians constituted restore the Protestant faith. In the earliest Protestant movement. the hundred years which have in- This small, compact group ante- tervened the numerical progress dates the Reformation. Perse- has not been astounding, the total cuted, hunted down and restricted number of Protestants in Belgium throughout their history, they being but 35,000 at the present have been scattered, butchered and time. But the influence of even almost destroyed time and again, this small group is remarkable, only to reorganize and appear considering the intolerance of the more numerous than ever and past. In 1923 a great demonstra-

was held in Brussels commemo- can ideals in other than strictly rating the martyrdom of two Luth- religious fields, allied with a hos- eran monks who had been burned tile Anglo-Teutonic culture having at the stake four hundred years commercial and political objec- before. The procession of 3,000 tives and innately repellent to peo- Protestants led by 75 of their min- ples of Mediterranean stock. It is isters made a great impression up- said that Protestantism has been on the populace, which promises definitely rejected in Spain itself much for the future, for in Bel- and therefore it is alien, hostile, gium as in other Catholic Latin dangerous and impotent through- countries there are evidences of out the Latin world. It is clear that a deepening interest in religion something must be done to estab- and a revolt against narrow and lish definitely the fact that the intolerant clericalism. Protestant Reformation has a mes- In Isolated Spain sage to Spain as valid as that to Germany and England, a Spanish Spain, isolated as it is geograph- message, from Spaniards and di- ically and culturally from the rest rected to Spanish Catholics. As of Europe, 'and with the terrible Protestants we do not admit that background of the Inquisition, was the Reformation was a strictly the last European country to tole- German rebellion against German rate Protestant teaching. It was abuses in the German Catholic not until the middle of the nine- Church. Such is not the fact.

teenth century that the beginnings Spain had its Luthers in the 16th of Protestant work were made century, good Catholics who sought there. In 1876 religious toleration, to bring their beloved Church out but not religious liberty was of the slough into which it had granted. Religious liberty does fallen. The watchword of the Re- not exist in Spain even to-day. formers, "Back to the Bible," led Evangelical work in Spain has to a new examination of the orig- been carried on since that time by inal sources and the improvement various foreign missionary agen- of translations, and in Spain the cies in Germany, Holland, Great first Polyglot of the Bible was pub- Britain and America, which have lished. The Bible was translated established schools and churches into Spanish ninety years before throughout the land, and are grad- Luther's German Bible and one ually winning their way with the hundred years before the English people despite medireval intoler- version of Tyndale appeared. At ance and oppression. its beginning, the Reformation was The religious situation in Spain warmly welcomed in Spain by has assumed new importance in clergy and laity alike. Several recent years owing to the ascend- bishops, many friars, nuns, prom- ency of Spanish influence in Latin inent writers and scholars, aristo- America and the immediate bear- crats and common people accepted ing upon the evangelical work the Reformation. Spain produced there of the religious situation in one of the great Reformers, Juan Spain. The attempt is being made de Valdez, for a time one of the in Latin America to brand Prot- teachers of Calvin. According to estantism as alien to the Latin history he gathered around him soul, opposed to Hispanic-Ameri- more than three thousand prom-

inent men and women, bishops, gained little foothold in Portugal, friars and priests, representing the total number of Protestants the most noble and illustrious fam- not exceeding 5,000. Recent ob- ilies of Spain. In short, the Ref- servers report a great field open ormation did take root in Spain for the Protestant Church along and found congenial soil there un- the lines of religious education and til uprooted and cast out by the practical philanthropy which have Inquisition. been neglected by the Catholic It is the task of present-day Church.

Protestants to make these facts Protestantism in Latin America clear to the Spanish people. Even is almost entirely traced to mis- within the Roman Catholic Church, sionary effort on the part of for- there are not lacking evidences of eign agencies, mostly American.

a trend in this direction. Dr. Tor- With the Roman Catholic Church rubiano, who has insistently advo- decadent and impotent as nowhere cated a new Reformation within else in the world, there is no ques- the Catholic Church, and who is tion of the need for the influence essentially evangelical in spirit and of evangelical Christianity in these point of view, has gathered about countries. The Congress on Chris- himself a large following. He is tian Work in South America held constantly insisting upon a more in Montevideo in 1925 revealed an liberal interpretation of religion Evangelical Church that has come and a more definite application of to have a recognized place in the Christianity to practical problems. life of the continent. In recent To take advantage of such fav- years it has grown encouragingly orable trends, the forces of Prot- and in consciousness of its mission.

estantism must be united, active But it.is now plain that the prog- and progressive. Fortunately the ress of the Gospel in Latin Ameri- various bodies have now united to ca is wrapped up with its progress form an International Spanish in other Latin countries, partic- Evangelization Committee and this ularly in Spain.

committee plans to organize a Un- General Observations ion Theological College for the training of workers and in order Even such a cursory survey of to strengthen its educational and the situation must reveal the fact evangelistic program at every pos- that the influence of Protestantism sible point. For the time being, in the Latin world is not nearly the work in Spain will be depend- so negligible as is popularly sup- ent in a large measure upon sup- posed. At least it is working as port from abroad, but if vigorously a leaven. Two general observa- prosecuted now it should develop tions may be made concerning the great strength and occupy a strong general religious situation in the position not only in Spain itself Latin world. The first is that the but in the entire Latin world. dominant religion, Roman Cathol- In Portugal and Latin America icism, is far different in its op- eration and its influence than in Aside from the excellent work North America. If the influence carried on by the British and For- of the small Protestant groups can eign Bible Society for the last bring about a reformation of the forty years, Protestantism has Catholic Church in the Latin world

It will be a magnificent achieve- order to let its precious fruit ripen ment, for it is difficult to conceive in the sunshine. It needs the strong of the Kingdom of God being fur- trees of the Reformation churches thered by the type of religion that in order to live and work." And is now being offered by the dom- the Reformation churches will inant church. continue to be strong and sturdy trees in the garden of the Lord In the second place, the Church not by dwelling upon Protestanthas been cast aside by such mul- ism so much as by centering their titudes of Latin peoples that there attention upon the Kingdom of God and His righteousness. is a wide open field for the Protestant Church to minister to people There are no racial characterin tragic need of spiritual food. istics which render the acceptance of Protestantism by the Latins im- But the future of Protestantism possible. The Protestant interprein the Latin world is dependent tation of the Gospel and the upon the so-called Protestant coun- Protestant idea of the Christian tries. As one observer puts it way of life have gained too much ground in Latin countries to jus- "Protestantism in Latin countries tify any such assumption. is not a strong and sturdy tree. It rather resembles the vine which winds itself from tree to tree in CHRIST THE SIN-BEARER " H E BARE OUR SINS"-l Peter 3: 21. No interpretation is fair that does not admit a load: "The Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.'' The fifty-third chapter of Isaiah, whence these words are drawn, suggests the elements in this vicarious burden bearing: 1. Human in appreciation–despised and rejected of men. 2. Constant contact and close acquaintance with grief. 3. Actual personal bearing of grief and sorrows. 4. Chastisement due to human sin and guilt. 5. Outrage and insult borne even when judicially tried. 6. Identity with transgressors in accusation and doom. 7. Final pouring out of His soul unto death on the cross.

In the second chapter of Philippians we find infinite humiliation ascribed to Him-the depth of which can be realized only by understanding the height from which He descended. This can be illustrated, perhaps by that Alpine lake which in depth is equal to the height of the mountain that rises beside it. He, the Prince of Life, actually came under the power of death.

Incident to His humiliation was His identification with the sins and sorrows of the race. He was daily and hourly in contact with them. This can be measured only by knowing the agony of infinite sensibility to the slightest approach of evil-a sensibility undulled and unblunted by any sinfulness within.

The Omniscient One saw the awful wreck and ruin of the moral condition of both the individual and society. To Him there were no veils or disguises. He pierced to the core of being, and knew what was in man. He saw the hollow and shallow shams of formality and hypocrisy, the dead men's bones in the whited sepulchres, and the enormity and deformity of human sin and satanic malice. He bore this sin for us.

ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

'rIlE CONGREGATION AT THE CHURCH OF THE DIVINE SAVIOliR. LOS

LINKING THE TWO AMERICAS BY REV. CHARLES A. THOMSON, San Francisco, California T HAT narrow strand, which along with us and we with them? the maps label "The Isthmus What will the future say? of Panama," looks inherently Robert N. McLean in his recent inadequate to tie together the two book "That Mexican"* provides us great land masses to the north and with the answer to our questions.

south. Yet it does the job in spite The volume is indeed welcome, for of its insignificance. The unimpos- it comes at a time when renewed ing figure of the Mexican laborer, interest in Mexican questions, and resting on his shovel as we pass, the possible restriction of Mexican may not loom large before our eyes immigration have turned the spot- or our mind. But for better or for light of our interest southward worse, he is linking the two Ameri- once more. For the past dozen cas. years the author has superintended He comes from the "other the Mexican work in the Southwest America," south of the Rio Grande. of the Presbyterian Church (U. S. In his veins flows the blood of both A.) Indian and Spaniard, the two races While abundant literature has that have peopled Latin America. been available on Mexico and her He is a toiler, a man of the people, many-faceted problems, little has and so essentially a more repre- been written on the Mexican in the sentative ambassador than the United States. Jay S. Stowell and high-hatted diplomat. In Mexico Vernon M. McCombs have made he began his life, but he is living valuable contributions in this lat- it in the United States. Can we ter field, but to it their books were see through him our neighbor to largely limited. It is the unique the south more clearly? Perhaps; value of the present volume that but to do so we need first to under- it sets the stage with both back- stand the Mexican here. ground and actor. The Mexico What kind of a person is he? which has fashioned our immigrant How has he been made and is painted with vivid colors. But moulded? What gifts does he bring the actor and his movements on to us? What problems? How many the American scene are not forof his family now dwell in the United States? How will they get in; ·;Ih¥t~~':1~X~~:;;~a!~.be~i2~· UcLean. Fiero· 619

gGtten-;–we see Juan Garcia as he functiGn. But increasingly it must stand Gn its Gwn feet. As Dr. Mc- ,;:earns his bread and establishes his Lean says: home on American SGil; we watch "Just now the things which are most popular in Mexico are Mexican institu- him meet Mr. J Gnes and are led tions, Mexican ways, and Mexican cus- toms. There is a revolt against every- to. ponder hGW the acquaintance thing foreign; and Mexicans are protest- ing against foreign religions, whether will result – in understanding they be directed from Rome or from Fifth Avenue in New York." friendship or in entrenched aver- This new nationalism has elec- sion. trified every phase Gf the natiGnal life. It has fGund its missiGn in The land system Gf Mexico, ac- the uplift of the common man Gf Mexico. To. safeguard his health, cGrding to. Dr. McLean, has played determined attacks Gn tuberculosis and diphtheria are in prGgress. a basic role in the making of Gur The Department Gf Health claims during the year 1926 to have vac- Mexican. cinated against small-pox three million people, or Gne fifth Gf the "The system introduced by the con- populatiGn. querors immediately divided society into two classes, ten per cent composing the "The brightest spot in the Mexi- autocratic, governing group, ninety per co Gf tGday is its educational ac- cent the slaves bound to the soil. To this tivity," said Pro f e s s 0 r John iniquitous organization, Juan Garcia Dewey, after a recent visit. Not owes all his ills, social, economic, spir- unnatural is his enthusiasm, for itual. Juan Garcia is ignorant, because the principles of educatiGn which learning was ~hought to be unnecessary he has preached are now being for one who labored only with his hands. practiced throughout Mexico. In Little better than a beast of burden, he the 3,500 rural schGols established lived in hovels, and became the prey of during the last fGur years, the ill-health, immorality, high infant mor- project method is in full swing. tality and all the evils which follow poor For the first time in history the housing. He lost the initiative of a free schGol is becoming common in man, because the system removed the Mexico. And anyone who. would chances of success; and his masters, sense some of the thrill Gf it all, through the constant habit of command- can well read the stGry Gf our ing, lost the spirit of cooperation and of author's trip to Tlascala. group action. Mexico's problem is economic, not political; and two of its Let it not be assumed that the important phases are ignorance and worker himself has had no share arrogance." in the winning of these new GP- portunities. Through the Grgan- Passing over the interesting ref- ized labor mGvement, the "C. R. O. M.," which numbers frGm a million erence to the religious struggle in to. a milliGn and a half members, he has fGrcefully demanded his Mexico., we note Gnly that one re- chance at the better life. His repre- sentatives nGW sit high in the sult nas been the removal of large councils of the government. He numbers Gf ecclesiastics from Mex- ico to. the United States; and the parochiai schools of the Southwest have prGfited.

"In Amarillo, Texas, a recent survey disclosed the fact that in the public school in the Mexican quarter, there were enrolled twenty-three children, while in a four-room bungalow a few blocks away, one hundred and fifty were crowded, re- ceiving instruction from the sisters of the Church. The principal was an American woman, and she was assisted by three Mexican nuns. The nuns must be put to work, and they are busy teaching in Spanish the children of the Mexicans."

The cause of Protestantism in Mexico. goes forward. Its ministers have registered and are allGwed to

LINKING THE TWO AMERICAS

is not being hoisted from above, point our author, after twelve he is helping to lift himself. Through his struggles, wages are years resident study of the probhigher and hours shorter. Says Dr. McLean: "The people have lem, speaks thus: more money, they dress better, have more to eat, enjoy more rec- "A personal knowledge of hundreds of reations and amusements, while Mexican cases convinces one that these everywhere is the insatiable hun- people do not in large numbers.return to ger for education." Mexico; and of those who do return most are soon convinced of the superior Crossing the Line opportunities for labor in the United States, and within six months or a year Such is the newer Mexico. The are again found moving north. Said one condition of the worker has ma- who was questioned if he was ever going terially improved. But still he feels back: 'Mexico is indeed my "patria." I love her; but my children want to stay here, and I shall remain with them.'

"It will take a generation for Mexico to set her economic hous~ in order, and by that time, the roots of the Mexican colonies in this country will be deep in THE NEW BUILDING OF 'l'Hm CHRIS'l'IAN cmNTER AT SAN BERNARDINO, CALIFORNIA and often finds that "over the our social and economic soil. We might, border" may be something better, therefore, just as well content ourselves and so he crosses the line. We with the conviction that what was once follow his journey to and through part of Mexico is now part of America." the immigration station. He meets the sharper and the labor agent Dr. McLean believes that a miland finally finds a place on track lion and half is a conservative figor ranch. ure for the total number' of Mexicans or people of Mexican A warm dispute is now in prog- parentage now living in the United ress concerning the number of States. Mexicans resident in the United States. Employers of labor who A Chamber of Commerce spokesare dependent on the Mexican and man recently discovered that "The anxious to allay any fear about a Mexican is inherently a nomad, possible problem, proclaim that little prone to rooting himself." eighty per cent of the immigrants Dr. McLean points out that our return to their homeland. On this American economic system has considerable to do in making Juan a gypsy. He is wanted only for a

seasonal job-on the railroads, in ifornia, the cotton of Texas, the the beets, among the oranges and beets of Colorado, the copper mines cotton, for many another crop- of Arizona, and the railroads which and when the season is over, his bind all together, unitedly plead job ends. Then he must travel, if their dependence on the Mexican he is to find more work. And so the school of necessity, and it is laborer. an American school at that, teaches Now for the other side. "Those him to roam. favoring restriction argue," says The cost of it all is clearly the author, "that industry wants sketched. When a laborer is forced the Mexicans numerous and hunto spend one third of his time look- gry-numerous so that the wage ing for work, only a fool would scale may be kept at a minimum expect him to boast of a bank-book. and hungry so that Juan Garcia If he must live on wheels, a settled will not bicker about the condihome is impossible. The school, tions under which he is to work." the settlement, the church he drives Restriction will benefit the Mexipast, but may not enter in. "Ob- can resident here, as it has already viously," writes the author, "if in- improved the lot of the European terested in the post-war idea of immigrant. 'Americanization,' our system of casual labor is the very worst that Limitation would also be in accould be designed to accomplish cordance with the best interests such a result." of American life, it is stated. The Mexican, coming from a more The restriction of Mexican im- primitive social status, brings with migration is now being hotly de- him standards of housing and bated. Shall we limit it as we have health and burdens of ignorance already done with the movement and superstition, which make him a from Europe? "What about the retarded and problem group in any quota ?" is a question h ear d American community. The present throughout the Southwest and to large stream of this immigration which the author devotes a chap- spreads the difficulty without perter. The Box Bill, introduced into mitting an adequate attack upon it. the last two sessions of Congress, A restrictive policy would afford would cut down Mexican entries such an opportunity. to approximately 1,500 a year; in contrast to this, let it be remem- The author attempts to point bered that during the last five years toward a solution which recognizes almost sixty thousand Mexicans both sides of the question. H~ have crossed the border annually. states: The employers of the Mexican are unitedly against any restric- "It is indeed true that to cut down tion. "The South has had the Ne- Mexican immigration at one fell swoop gro," they say, "the North and from 66,000 to 1,557 would deal a body East the European immigrant, and blow to industry and transportation . . . we must have the Mexican. With- Suddenly to close the door to this labor out him no future areas can be re- supply would be disastrous; but some claimed for irrigation and our plan must certainly be worked out wherepresent acres will go back to the by industry can be conserved without desert." The seasonal crops of Cal- incurring the social perils which un- limited immigration involves."

Obviously any social policy should be founded on all the facts available. He accordingly calls for a commission, appointed by Can-

gress, with adequate powers and can never take the place of mansupport, to make a full study of the to-man understanding and helpfulmigratory labor problem as it con- ness. The ultimately Christian cerns the Mexican. Upon the basis approach is that of the American of the information discovered, a who greeted eight Mexicans work- "gentlemen's agreement" could be ing upon the street-car tracks with worked out with Mexico for a wise the cheering salutation, "Good limiting of the immigration flow. morning, gentlemen!" One, more learned than the rest, explained While these suggestions are open the meaning of the word "gentleto various questions as to the po- men" ; and when the American litical character of the commission returned from his walk, his mentioned, and the exact form of salutation was returned with the a Mexican-American agreement, grace and the courtesy of one genthey do signalize a constructive at- tleman who recognizes another. tempt to attack the problem fairly and intelligently. This book treats not so much the missionary program for our im- Such an approach should cer- migrant as the environing factors tainly make for better friendship which condition it and him, too. on and across the border. The It does, however, make patent a author's final plea is that Mr. Jones fact sometimes pigeon-holed-that take the trouble to know Mr. Gar- foreign and home missions are but cia. Churches, settlements and phases of the same enterprise. schools can do their work, but they AMONG THE MEXICANS IN THE SOUTHWEST T HE Spanish-speaking population of Mexican extraction in the United States is estimated at 1,750,000. This population is con- centrated chiefly in five southwest states: Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and California. However, since the passage of the present immigration law, placing all European immigration on a quota basis, the tendency of the Mexicans to move into the middlewest and eastern states, wherever there is a demand for unskilled labor, has been greatly accelerated for the Mexican is not subjected to a quota restriction.

There is the large number of Spanish-speaking people who have lived for several generations north of the Rio Grande, chiefly in New Mexico and southern Colorado. These native-born Spanish-Americans constitute a third of the total. There are also the recent immigrants from Mexico who began to come in large numbers after 1900, and increased greatly during the war; now, under the new immigration policy, the tide is at its flood.

Mexicans, as a rule, make very satisfactory workmen and the most important industries of the Southwest are to a high degree dependent upon them. Given reasonable opportunity they make good citizens. Taken as a class, however, their presence in such large and increasing numbers raises many serious questions in respect to health, education and economic well-being. Illiteracy, superstition, disease and the evils attendant upon a generally low standard of living are problems everywhere present.

Religiously, this population presents a challenging opportunity. Nominally Roman Catholic, a large proportion of them are religiously adrift and are not served effectively by any church.

NECK

By HARRIET R. KING 'UNTIL last spring, Crooked given and they would make re- Neck Charlie had lived a newed efforts to draw Charlie back wild, heathen life. He en- under the fetters of peyote.

tered into many of the Kiowa vices, With decision he answered, "No, and above all, he was a strong de- I am trusting the God of Heaven." votee of the Kiowa god peyote. He Then in the presence of those attended the peyote feasts, ate the strong peyote leaders he knelt peyote bean with the accompany- down and asked Christ to help him ing results of "visions," and all cure his little girl of the disease, sorts of sensations. The inevitable and to make him strong to resist bad effects on mind and body and temptation. The next day, still soul followed this terrible habit. trusting implicitly in his Heavenly He was held in captivity by the Father, he took little Kathryn to drug peyote as strongly as though the Indian hospital where she was held by iron chains. given every care. As a result of this trust and faith, combined with Then, one day, when he was out an earnest effort to give her the in his field alone ploughing, the best medical attention, Kathryn is still, small voice of God spoke to now running about with other chil- Crooked Neck Charlie. Charlie sur- dren, happy and growing stronger rendered to Christ his whole life all the time. Her favorite song is and everything he possessed. The "Since Jesus came into my heart," transformation which has taken and Charlie invariably asks for place in him is one of the miracles this one when he chooses a song. of this day at Rainy Mountain His face always softens with emo- C,hurch. His face and appearance tion as he thinks of the miracle and his whole life are transformed. that was wrought in his life through Jesus' coming into his Charlie is constantly going out heart. after others, hUngering for the opportunity to lead them into this Several times since then, the new life. Recently his small peyote leaders have asked to have daughter, Kathryn, was taken se- a peyote feast at Charlie's home, riously ill. The peyote leaders came, demanding that Charlie let them but Charlie will have nothing to do give her the drug which, according with it. If there are any who do to their words, would surely cure not believe in modern miracles, her. Charlie would also be required their faith will be strengthened to eat of this when the feast was by Charlie's experience.

"The great missionary crusade must be carried on with unfaltering courage, and fought to a finish. The churches will play their part as in the old days, and suffer no poverty, or care, or private grief to divert them from the accomplishment of the sacred task to which they are called, and their devotion to which is their paramount duty and their highest privilege."-H. Arnold Thomas.

624

OF MODERN

BY REV. CHARLES T. RIGGS, Constantinople, Turkey I N THE short period since 1903, so-called armistice period, when to Greece has radically changed. the excited Greek mind all her am- It was then a limited mon- bitions of a "Megali Hellas," or archy, and had been for over sev- Greater Greece, seemed about to enty years, since the election of burst into fruition. But that burst Otho of Bavaria as its King in was a bubble, not a blossom; and 1832. It is now a republic, with the disillusionment brought sad a regularly elected President and consequences on the country. The a Parliament, and is contemplating ancient Byzantine Empire was not the establishing of a Senate as an to be revived. Constantine was upper House of Legislature. But never to be crowned as Emperor this change in the form of govern- in Saint Sophia.

ment is perhaps the least important One result of the Balkan War of the recent changes. was the tardy recognition of the There is a greater independence loyalty and true nationalism of the than a quarter-century ago of the Evangelical Greek community. For Orthodox Church of Greece from many years there had been a small the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Evangelical church in Athens, and The Holy Synod of Greece, under one each in Piraeus and Volo; but the leadership of the Metropolitan they had been persecuted as un- Bishop of Athens, acts for itself, patriotic renegades; whereas in especially since the reduction of the work of the Red Cross and the Ecumenical Patriarchate under kindred welfare enterprises they the Turkish RepUblic to a position showed such zeal and faithfulness of no special importance. In na- that the country gained a new idea tional ecclesiastical affairs, Greece of Evangelical Christianity. Since steers her own course. then the whole attitude of the peo- Furthermore, as results of the pIe toward the Evangelicals has Balkan wars and the World War, been very different. No longer are Greece has grown territorially by the chapels stoned and the members the addition of large sections of persecuted and derided.

Macedonia, Western Thrace, and There has also been a great the islands of Crete, Samos, Mity- change as to circulation of the lene, Chios, Lemnos, and smaller Scriptures. While it is true that islands. Most of the population a clause has been put in the Greek thus acquired was already Greek Constitution forbidding the circu- in language and culture, and the lation of any translation of the Old increase of area was therefore an or New Testament, even into mod- actual gain in strength. But each ern Greek, yet this is not enforced, war brought disappointment as and the more liberal cabinets have well, as the full ambitions of actually aided in such circulation.

Greece were not realized. Especial- More and more of the clergy are ly was this true of the disastrous reading the Bible in their own Asia Minor campaign during the spoken language; and the sales of 625 2

the Bible Societies show a gratify- time importance. Such growth in ing increase in the past ten years twenty-five years is unprecedented over any previous similar period. in the East; but it seems to be permanent. These poor refugees But the outstanding fact in the have dug in, and most of them are past ten years has been the deluge now self-supporting and have real of refugee immigration, due to roofs over their heads, covered at events across the Aegean. This least with tar paper. culminated in the wake of the aWful Smyrna disaster of September, Among the Asia Minor refugees 1922; and within a few weeks in Greece are about fifty thousand Greece found herself compelled to Armenians, the majority of them receive and care for more than a in and near Athens; they are rapmillion unfortunates, most of them idly becoming Greek citizens, for Greeks from Asia Minor. By wag- most of those who preferred (and on and on foot from eastern were able) to migrate to Armenia Thrace, by steamer and sailing have already done so. The revessel from all parts of Anatolia, mainder of the more than one milthey crowded in on all parts of lion are Greeks. And this new Greece, usu.ally utterly destitute, blood is doing wonders already for and hopeless and heartless after this ancient nation. They have what they had been through. Many brought a new vigor and energy, of them spoke only Turkish, though and new trades and business abilof Greek blood and Christian faith. ity, to a country that was in danger Many were utterly unsuited to of fatty degeneration of the heart. their new environment. The Government has publicly rec- ognized the debt that it owes these Naturally these refugees congre- immigrants, and it has done much gated around the great cities. The to help them get established and growth of Athens and its environs started. Those capable of agriculhas been phenomenal. In 1833, ture have been placed in villages when Dr. Elias Riggs arrived at on the best farming lands in Macethe new capital of the recently lib- donia, where the tobacco crops has erated kingdom, it had less than wonderfully increased in value as 5,000 inhabitants; and its port, a consequence. Rug manufactur- Piraeus, had but a few hundred. ers from the regions of Smyrna There were then only two carts and Oushak have brought this reor wagons to be hired in the city; munerative industry across, and and, being unable to secure these, made Greece an actual competitor the new missionary had to find with Turkey for the rug trade. horses and camels to convey his goods up the seven miles from With the refugees from Asia Piraeus to Athens. Seventy years Minor, there came over into Greece later, in 1903, the capital had a number of the American Board grown to a city of 160,000 souls, missionaries, to help their friends while Piraeus numbered about 60,- make the new start along evan- 000. Today, with the bewildering gelistic and educational lines. They influx of refugees of the past six were first of all relief workers, in years, these combined cities have those days, working heroically over a million inhabitants. The night and day to secure tents and city has gone ahead of Constan- bread for these unfortunates, and tinople, both in size and in mari- to start industries among them.

GLIMPSES OF MODERN GREECE

The Greek Government recognized refugees the church work that has the need of this service, and ex- been organized has thus far been pressed its gratefulness for it. under the temporary oversight of Larger tents were procured for American missionaries, since the church and school, Bibles, hymn- people have not been able to take books, textbooks, benches, and over full responsibility. But an other primary necessities were arrangement has been recently found; and thus for a second time made with the Armenian Evan- the missionaries were thrust into gelical churches of America where- Greece for active work without a by this field is to be progressively deliberate choice on their part. turned over to them as their par- The first time had been during the ticular missionary enterprise. The Balkan wars, when Greece cap- missionary work will consist of tured the mission station of Salo- schools and whatever efforts nat- nica and incorporated it in her urally emanate from these as kingdom, thus bringing into the Christian centers. Medical work country several missionaries who among the refugees has been ef- had never dreamed of serving in fectively carried on under the Greece. American Women's Hospitals, Two full-fledged stations of the with whom a few missionaries American Board were thus estab- have been cooperating. This work lished by strange fate in Greek ter- is temporary and will eventually ritory, without any plan on the be turned over to native agencies.

part of the Board. The greatest Very hopeful spiritual move- need for foreign aid was seen in ments are springing up recently the educational line; and in this within the Greek Orthodox Church.

the Americans were eagerly wel- Two distinct organizations are comed by the Greek Government. starting Sunday-schools in that And while fear of politi~l propa- church; these have much to learn, ganda has made Greece very un- and may have hard sledding before willing to give permISSIOn to they are really established, but Italian or French or other foreign they are beginning. There is more schools to open in Greece, a special preaching today in the Orthodox law was passed allowing schools churches than ever before, and of that had been operating in Turkey better quality. The writer re- for a certain length of time to cently attended a preaching serv- establish themselves in Greece. ice in the large Metropolitan Ca- This has opened the way for the thedral in Athens, on a very chilly American College at Salonica, the Sunday during the Carnival, when American Junior College for Girls eight hundred or more people sat at Athens, and the School of Reli- or stood through a fifty-five minute gion at Athens. sermon by an able priest, intent to For many years the Greek Evan- get his message despite the fact gelical Synod has been in charge of that there was no way to heat the the evangelistic work among building.

Greeks; and it has been deemed There is also more sale for spir- best to throw upon this organiza- itual literature than ever before.

tion the responsibility also for One comparatively new religious such effort among the refugee pop- weekly has now 42,000 subscribers, ulation. Among the Armenian and the number is on the increase.

All such movements are cordially Greece a million human derelicts, welcomed by the missionary, but has scattered the seed of evanhe finds it difficult to cooperate gelical truth in many most unexwith them because of the jealous pected places. Here and there are suspicion of the authorities of the found small bodies of earnest Established Church. The name Christians who meet for services Protestant is anathema, and must and who read and circulate the be carefully avoided if any work Bible. One can hardly estimate is to be done inside the Orthodox the possible consequences of this Church. Yet alongside this, the for the whole of Greece. With a Greek Evangelical Church body few educational centers at which has been recently at last officially missionary influence may be felt, recognized by the Greek Govern- and with indigenous zeal and effort to extend the spirit of the ment; and its zeal and spiritual Gospel everywhere, and with inforce should be an incentive to creasing freedom for the circulatheir Orthodox brethren to come up to them as a moral and religious tion of the Bible, what may not power. the result be, in making this nominally Christian land more as The tremendous upheaval in it really ought to be! Asia Minor, that hurled over into WHY SHOULD 11 I. Why Should I Study Missions?

1. Because my education is sadly deficient if I am ignorant concerning the most important work in the world.

2. Because a study of missions will increase my faith in Christ. Missions is God at work.

3. Because I cannot otherwise grasp the full mission of the Church. 4. Because I cannot discharge my duty without informing myself on the subject. 5. Because I must be intelligent on missions in order to stimulate others. 6. Because I need this study as a preparation for my own life service.

II. Why Should I Give to Minions?

1. Because it is the best paying investment of money. 2. Because of the joy and blessing that come to the giver. 3. Because I am a steward of the money that God has intrusted to me. 4. Because I am put to shame by the liberality of converts from heathenism. 5. Because it is God's will that missionaries should go, and that I should help to send them. 6. Because I am grateful to God for what He has given me. 7. Because men are suffering from sin and souls are dying that I may help save them.

III. Why Should I Pray for Missions?

1. Because the world needs prayer. 2. Because missions have always prospered as believing prayer has increased. 3. Because God has conditioned the success of missions on prayer. 4. Because the missionaries and converts ask for Christian prayers. 5. Because I am told by Christ to pray. 6. Because the prayer of faith is answered. 7. Because Christ is praying for those for whom He died.

IV. Why Should I Be a Missionary?

1. Because Christ is the only Saviour. 2. Because multitudes have not heard of Him and are -dying in their sin. 3. Because doors of opportunity are open. 4. Because the cry for more helpers is _urgent. 5. Because Christ says, "Go ye." 6. Because Christ gave up everything that I might be saved.

Adapted from The Outlook of Missions

OF 'l'HE PHE SBY'l'flllI. N }IlSSlON, POrN'I' BARROW, AJ,ASKA

ROMANCE AND REALITY IN ALASKA BY REV. A. J . MONTGOMERY, D.D., New York Presby t erian Board of National Miss!ons M ISSIONARY work in Alas- mystic interest came the days of ka is unusually attractive the great gold rushes, Klondike, on the one hand and more Fairbanks, Nome, Iditarod and than ordina~ily difficult on the oth- others. These were true American er. Has any other field of mission- epics ·of action, of wealth acquired ary operations so much with which overnight and often as quickly lost, to appeal to the imagination of of unspeakable hardships and of Christian benevolence ? The era of sublime courage. In addition to discovery and exploration which all this our Northland has in itself flies the flags of Spain, France, an appeal which grips the imagi~ Britain and Imperial Russia, world nation of all. Its jewelled nights, powers of the eighteenth century, vast spaciousness and mighty siis a colorful record of adventure lences ·seem to challenge the attenand daring. The long ~olphjaJ ten~ tion of those who have never had ure of Russia cannot be classed as the good fortune to live in the even a passable political experi- witching land. ment but it has furnished the One of the many difficulties in- world with the ground work of herent in missionary work in many a stirring tale. Following Alaska is the vast geographical the Russian occupancy with its spread of the country. It lies with- Oriental splendor and opulent, in meridians 130 west and 173 east 629

longitude and between parallels 51 grandest scenery in the world. and 72 north latitude. Its area is Perhaps its scenery ought to be about 590,000 square miles which listed as Alaska's greatest asset. is one fifth that of the United Even with the present transporta- States. Its coast line is six times tion one may behold fiords equal in as great as that of the United beauty to those of Norway, glacial States. The main mass of Alaska systems so extensive that those of is, speaking roughly, a great rec- Switzerland pale into insignificance tangle. On the north it looks out in comparison and as the piece de over the polar expanses of the Arc- resistance, Mt. McKinley, the tic Ocean and on the south over mightiest mountain of North the Gulf of Alaska. Attached to this America in height and impressivegreat terrain are two tail-like ap- ness. pendages, one bending to the south- For extensive missionary operaeast, Southeastern Alaska, the tion the variations of climate consmall segment which the ordinary stitute still another and most seri- tourist sees, the other the Alaska ous difficulty. A little less than a Peninsula which is continued in quarter of the area of Alaska lies to the Aleutian Islands swinging far the north of the Endicott Range out into the Pacific J apanward. of Mountains. This region. is ex- The proximity to Asia is seldom posed to the rigors of the polar thought of and therefore should be winters. One church maintains specially stressed here. On a clear several missions along the littoral day the East Cape of Asia can be which is sealed by the polar ice seen from Cape Prince of Wales. pack for about eleven months of How many have realized that the the year. The reader will appreoldest and the newest continents ciate the real difficulty here when are actually only an eye glance dis- he is informed that supplies can tant? There are not a few who reach these missions by boat only believe that before the dawn of once a year if and when the ice history successive streams of im- recedes temporarily from the migration fro m Asia entered shore. Mail is carried by the sup- America at this particular point. ply boat in August and three times The baffling problems of trans- during the long winter by dog portation are another serious dif- teams. This region may, however, ficulty not only for missionary be disregarded for the purposes of operation but for economic, social this paper. It is most important and pioneering efforts as well. It to recognize clearly that Alaska is is a land of many islands, of tow- not an Arctic province. Fully threeering mountain ranges, majestic fourths of its territory is within rivers, great valleys, boundless the North Temperate zone. Two tundra plains, resting on the Pa- distinct climatic belts are distincific and Arctic Oceans and Bering guishable. The fringe upon the Pa- Sea, the point of contact being a cific and its waters has high shore line serrated by fiord, inlet, precipitation, cool summers and sound, bay, canal and gulf. While mild winters. Crossing the coastthis makes transportation of all al mountains one enters a characsorts including aviation the despair teristic Rocky Mountain climate, of the engineer, yet incidentally with scant rainfall, hot summers there is furnished some of the and cold winters. It need not be

ROMANCE AND REALITY IN ALASKA

pointed out that climatic condi- Hydas and Tsimpshean. Among tions very materially affect the rate the Thlinkets there are important of progress by which a virgin ter- intertribal variations which need ritory may be reclaimed. not detain us. In the Alaska Penin- Still another factor that adds to sula and on the Aleutian Islands the difficulty is the evidence of ar- are the Aleuts. In the interior are the Tinneh Indians, of Athabascan kinship. From the delta of the Kuskokwim and the mouths of the Yukon northward to Point Barrow and east are the Eskimo, with trib- al and dialectical variations. Al- together these native races number about one half of the population, or 25,000. One cannot be impressed by the numbers, but one must be LEAVING WAINWRIGHT FOR A PREACH- appreciative of the patient mis- ING SERVICE sionary spirit that has never been daunted by the complicated probrested industrial or community de- lems of race, tongue and culture. velopment. The difficulty does not arise so much out of the wastage involved as out of the psychology which it creates. He who has seen the wreck of an abandoned mining camp, or an abandoned army post, or the ship boneyard at St. Mich- eal, for example, is qualified to cal- culate the retarding effect of such sorry spectacles. It is true that the pioneering venture of necessity involves waste in planning, in ef- fort and in dollars, but in Alaska with its sparse population and high transportation costs these remind- ers of forlorn hopes or of better days tend to retard present devel- opment.

StilI another difficulty presents itself in the complex of racial, trib- al, linguistic and cultural varia- tions. The simplest type of work MARRJO, ONE OF THE ~lLDERS AT is among the whites and yet for WAINWRIGHT reasons already indicated this work The purchase of Alaska from is far from easy. It is when we the Imperial Russian Government undertake to evangelize the native was made in 1867 yet almost a races that the real quality of the seore of years passed before the task becomes apparent. The na- United States attempted to set up tives of Southeastern Alaska are a form of civil government. From of thre!;l ctlf'itinct tribes, Thlinket, 1867 to 1877.government was nom-

inally in the hands of the War De- the Secretary of the Interior partment. For two years it was through the U. S. Bureau of Edu- given to the Treasury Department. cation were restricted to the main- Then from 1879 to 1884 the re- tenance of schools for "Eskimos, sponsibility was reposed in the Aleuts, Indians and other native Navy Department. On May 17, people of Alaska."

1884, Congress established civil There have thus been created by government. action of Congress in this territory The condition of the native races two systems of education, one for when the country passed into the native races directly under the Fed- political system of the United eral administration, the other for States was thoroughly deplorable. whites and placed in charge of the It is a well-known story and may territorial government.

be summed up here in the words: The U. S. Bureau of Education gross immorality, savagery, brutal- conducts day schools, industrial ity, witchcraft and extreme degra- schools, reindeer schools, coopera- dation. The need of education was tive stores, hospitals and provides deeply felt, consequently the first medical relief and special instruc- act of the first missionary at Fort tion in sanitation in behalf of the Wrangel in 1877 was to establish natives. This work, in spite of al- a Christian school for the instruc- most insuperable difficulties, is be- tion of native children. Other ing done efficiently on the whole mission schools followed. The first and with commendable skill and public schools came, as one would sympathy. The Bureau employs a expect, with the establishment of force of six superintendents, about civil government in 1884. Under 170 teachers, eight physicians, the provisions of the Act of Con- twenty-six nurses and maintains gress the Secretary of the Interior 86 schools with an enrollment of appointed a general agent of edu- almost 4,000. At present there are cation in Alaska who administered three industrial schools located at and supervised all public schools White Mountain, Kanakanak and until 1900, when because of the Eklutna which are doing a whole- growth of certain communities and some piece of work in preparing the need for some form of local native youth for the duties of school control Congress passed an civilized life.

act providing for the incorporation The territorial educational sys- of such communities as cities and tem for "white children and chil- setting up, among other things, the dren of mixed blood leading a civ- machinery for the support, man- ilized life" is in charge of a com- agement and control of city schools. missioner with headquarters at Five years later the so-called "Nel- Juneau. The number of schools son Act" was passed which pro- administered by the commissioner vided for the establishment and is in excess of eighty, with about support of schools in communities 220 teachers and an enrollment of outside of incorporated cities, the about 4,500. The high school en- same to be "available to white chil- rollment is near 600. The terri- dren and children of mixed blood torial educational system heads up leading a civilized life." At the in the Alaska College at Fairbanks.

same time the Federal appropria- This institution is an agricultural tions for schools administered by college with a school of mines and

provides a four years' course of in- the same time when they witnessed struction leading to the B.S. de- the atrocities practiced on suffergree. Thus it will be seen that ing people by the medicine man Alaska is trying to solve the ele- they vowed his undoing. The mental problem of furnishing every United States Bureau of Educayouth an adequate education. The tion assumes responsibility for changes that have taken place in medical service for the natives. the last two decades have generally Their hospitals are planted at made for more stable modes of life. Noorvik, Akiak, Kanakanak, Tan- This has given new opportunity ana and Juneau. During the seafor home building; consequently son of open navigation on the while the present population .mark Yukon a medical boat with doctor is at low ebb still there are more and nurse is maintained. Mission children in the territory than ever hospitals are maintained by the A BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF THE CHURCH TAKEN 'rUE DAY OF THE DOG-'l'EA~I PICNIC before. In addition to the splendid Methodists at Nome, Episcopalians provision made for public educa- at Point Hope, Fort Yukon and tion there are a small number of Wrangel, Roman Catholics at Holy mission schools doing creditable Cross and the Presbyterians on the work. The Presbyterians main- tip of the continent at Barrow. On tain the Sheldon Jackson Training the whole it will be seen that laud- School for natives at Sitka, the able endeavors have been made to high standards of which are felt care for the sick. far and wide, and the Episcopalians have boarding schools for In- From the inception of missiondians at Nenana and Anvik, to ary work it was felt that somemention no more. thing should be done for native orphan children. Their condition It has already been made plain then was pitiable in the extreme. that the pity of the first American The territory makes certain local missionaries was elicited by the deg- provisions but it has been left to radation of the natives and their the denominations to assume this practical response was schools. At ministqr. Th~ Met~Q(;Usttl have

consolidated their work into the Aleuts. The Tinnehs of the in- Jessie Lee Home at Seward. The terior are regarded as the sole re- Presbyterian orphanage is at sponsibility of the Episcopalians. Haines. The Moravians maintain The Moravians have the sole octhe Kuskokwim Orphanage. The cupancy of the work among the Baptist institution is on Kodiak Eskimos living at the mouth of the Island. Kuskokwim. The Catholics are working among the Eskimos living The churches were not as slow in the delta of the Yukon. The to undertake work in Alaska as the Methodists and Episcopalians have Federal Government was to take up each an Eskimo mission station at the task of civil government. In Norne and Tigara village respec- 1877, ten years after Seward's pur- tively. The California branch of chase, the first missionary arrived the Friends has extensive Eskimo in Alaska at Ft. Wrangel in the work on Kotzebue Sound among person of Mrs. A. R. McFarland the coast-dwelling Eskimos at who was initially sent out by the Kewalik, Buckland, Kotzebue and First Presbyterian church of Port- Kivalina and also on the Kobuk, land, Ore. Practically all the lead- Noatak and Selawik Rivers. This ing denominations are now repre- great mission heads up at Kotzebue sented in the work. where the superintendent lives. The Presbyterians reach the Eski- The work among the whites is mos at Cape Prince of Wales, St. characteristically home mission Lawrence Island, Wainwright, pioneering with a large plus of pe- Barrow, Point Barrow, with exculiarities. However, it is, as seen tension work projected as far east in the large, a healthy investment as Demarcation Point. The purof missionary service and is sure to pose in giving this list in geographyield gratifying returns in the es- ical terms is to demonstrate that, tablishment of the Kingdom of God as in the case of work among the on earth. Overcrowding and com- whites, these enterprises represent petition are not unknown, still practical territorial allocations of there is enough undivided parochial responsibility as yet noncompetiresponsibility on the part of the tive but needing to be restudied in churches to insure vigorous growth the light of greater efficiency, safeand development. The present sit- guarding interests already estabuation, however, good as it is in lished and especially for devising general, ought to be studied with practical ways of dealing with care by an association of the areas not yet touched. churches, like a home· missions ,council, with the future in view. It is unusually refreshing to study the history of the missionary The missionary work among the enterprise in Alaska. One soon native races has been undertaken comes to understand that the day by the various denominations with of miracles in missions is not never a thought of comity or al- passed. Out of terrible degradalocated areas and yet, on the whole, tion and darkness both of mind and this haphazard method has up to heart, people have been lifted into date worked out advantageously. the sunlight of modern Christian The Presbyterians are practically experience. One day on the shores alone in Southeastern Alaska. The Methodists once seemed to be will- of the Arctic Ocean an old Eskimo ing to accept responsibility for the

ROMANCE AND REALITY IN

handed me a stone knife and ex- though he is in body, he is the plained through an interpreter that leader of his people in business, in when he was a boy metal was all village government and in Chrisbut unknown among his people. tian development. Most of the na- That was a voice from the "Stone tives are kindly, alert and respon- Age." Later on that very day I sible. Their great present problem saw his son, who is a reindeer is that of the development of leadherder, a man of property and an ership from their own ranks which educated Christian. In other in the next generation may lead words it is just one generation out these young native churches from the stone age to our modern into fresh acquisitions of grace, industrialized civilization. There power and usefulness.

~'HE SUNDAY SCHOOL OF THE PRESBYTF;RIAN CHURCH AT SKAGWAY are many villages of native peoples The mISSIOnary situation in in Alaska with Christian homes, Alaska calls loudly for a council of with culture, education and com- the responsible missionary leaders fort. These represent the substan- and administrators to evaluate the tial triumphs of the Gospel. Per- work already done and to take such haps the two foremost such vil- steps as may be had to direct the lages are Tigara and Barrow. In course of the work for the future. personality there has been as Such a council should be held in might be expected the same kind of Alaska. The need for such a gathdevelopment. Edward Marsden, ering should be laid heavily upon the native leader, stands for all the hearts and minds of the responthat is best in the rapidly unfold- sible leaders of the churches having life of his Tsimpsheans at Met- ing large native missionary interlakatla. To take another example, ests. Alaska is a land of opportu- Joe Sokonik at Kavilina. Crippled nity with great need for Christ.

WOMAN'S RIGHTS IN

A Plea by One of Them A MONTHLY periodical, Re- "In modern democracies, the simli Ai (July, 1927), pub- right of citizenship belongs to lished for Turkish readers every individual without distinc- this plea for the still submerged tion of sex. But if a woman is not womanhood of the Republic: considered a person, she is de- "Sabihe Zekaria Hanum had a prived thereby of all these rights.

case in the courts where an official (According to present law), the of justice refused her the right of Turkish woman may not testify; testimony on the grounds that neither may she become a trustee; Turkish law still refuses to accept further, she may not even inter- the testimony of women. Sabihe fere in community affairs, where Zekaria Hanum is the editor of a the social and hygienic life of her review and ·is engaged also with children and of herself is greatly the preparation of a 'Children's concerned. If she has not a father Encyclopedia.' Sorely affected by or a husband, she is doomed to fail such treatment at the hands of the in the struggle of life. Because the law, she has written the following head of the family is man, she is article under the title: AmI Not not a person, but instead an en- a Person? cumbrance, living as a, parasite on "I Inlow the restrictions of the the man and on society. As to her old law, but I was expecting that political rights, they are denied to the new Civil Code would grant us her.

at least the right of testimony. "I want my right as a human This event has shown me clearly being before my right of voting. ( that society still has no confidence want the right given to the orin me as a woman such as it has in dinary man in my status as a peran ordinary man. Women are not son. I want my right of guardianconsidered as persons in (Turkish) ship of my own children after the society. In the sight of the law, death of their father. the minds of women are equal only to the minds of children . . . "Every citizen has a right in the affairs which concern the general "Society has given me the right life and the progress of the counto publish a Review and an Ency- try. I want my right of vote in clopedia but it has not accepted the the activities of the municipality fact of my being a thinking be- which deal with the health of my ing … children and of my country. I want the right of expressing my "The Civil Code has given many views. As I have a duty and rerights to women, for which we are sponsibility towards this country, grateful. It has given us the right so it in turn, is obligated to give to hold property; to become certain rights to me. I want from teachers, physicians; in short, the the law nothing less than the right right to assume such status as pre- of full citizenship." supposes our being intelligent and thinking persons. Consequently, (Signed), it cannot say that it cannot trust in our words. SA~IlIE ZEKARIA HANUM.

6SG

AS A MISSION

BY REV. COLIN G. YOUNG, D.D., Toronto, Canada Associate Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, United Ohuroh 0-1 Canada OTHER undertakings may be struction given to James McGregor very necessary for the wel- as early as 1786: "Aim not to fare of Canada but none make anti-Burghers but Christouch so vitally the springs of the tians." The magnitude of the nation's life as the effective preach- undertaking helped to break down ing of the Gospel of Jesus Christ sectarian barriers. The common on the frontier. That frontier may task and the common achievement brought the divided forces of the be the fringe of settlement in the Protestant Church close together farthest outlying community or the on the frontier. It is largely due crowded streets of a great city, but to united effort, also, that Canada to permeate the life of every com- has been preserved from the munity with the Spirit of Christ is triumph of evil. The real problems the only way to ensure strength for of life at the outposts and in the future generations. crowded centres of population have emphasized the importance of Canada has been looking back the truth and life that are shared with pardonable pride over the by all Christians. steady growth toward nationhood since the Confederation of the Various Undertakings provinces in 1867. During this period the Christian Church, as represented by all the denomina- The population of 9,500,000, tions, "lengthened its cords and scattered over the northern half of strengthened its stakes." Since the continent, presents problems the beginning of the twentieth cen- as difficult and diverse as have ever tury the expanding demands of been faced by the Christian Church.

growing cities and new outposts The field of activity extends from have taxed the resource of all Bermuda, Newfoundland and Lab- Christians. For decades the immi- radar on the east to Vancouver gration into Canada was three Island and the Yukon on the west. times as rapid, in proportion to its No church ever had a more expopulation, as during any similar tended, a more complex or a more period in the United States. inviting home missionary under- This practical necessity of pro- taking. viding gospel ministry to a great In addition to the North Amercompany of new settlers paved the ican Indians on whose behalf large way for larger cooperation among sums of money are expended the evangelical denominations and yearly, there are representatives of eventually led to a union of three more than sixty-eight different naof them and the strong probability tions who look to the Church of the of more to follow. The missionary new land for spiritual instruction pioneers of all denominations, al- and guidance. To meet this diverse though they naturally felt the pull need the Gospel is preached in more of denominational ambition, yet than twenty-five different lanfor the most part followed the in- guages, not counting the various 637

Indian dialects. All the larger de- both residential and day, the facilinominations share in this splendid ties for doing the work have imenterprise upon which the future proved very much of late years. of Canada so much depends. Due almost entirely to the vigi- lance of the missionary in intro- Indian Missions ducing and enforcing modern methods of caring for the sick, the The white man first made him- health of the Indian is now well self known to the Indian, not as the cared for and the total Indian messenger of the Cross but as a population is not diminishing as it man of business. The first settlers' once did. thoughts were of furs, not of souls. A day of awakening came early, Extended Fields however, and some of the most heroic achievements of missionary New communities always mean history are found in the endeavor sparsely settled districts where the to give the Gospel to the "Red people live long distances apart Man" of Canada. Bishops of the and make the work of the mission- Church of England such as Mach- ary correspondingly difficult. All ray, Bompasand Stringer, pioneer the churches have appointed minmissionaries of the Methodist and isters to large areas in their desire Presbyterian Churches such as to meet the need of these outlying Young, Evans, Rundle and Mc- settlements. In the Cariboo in Brit- Dougall, Black, Nisbet and Robert- ish Columbia one worker covers son, have set standards of sacri- an area as large as all the Marificial service never surpassed in the time Provinces but the whole popinterests of any cause. Great ulation numbers only about 5,000. credit is also due to the Church of England for the notable work done Visiting these widely scattered by its missionaries among the families and gathering them into Esquimaux of the north. No other little worshiping groups make church cared for this lonely and great demands upon the missionvery needy people. Without the ary's time and strength. On a trip Church's help hundreds would to one of these outlying points one have died of starvation and with- missionary held four baptismal out religious instruction. services and baptized eight chil- dren on one afternoon. Over the The churches have an under- week-end he held two regular standing with the Dominion Gov- preaching services and baptized ernment dividing the responsibility twenty-seven children, some of for the education and the religious them eighteen years of age and instruction of the Indians among yet they had never before attended the various denominations. Al- a church service. This missionary though the process of evangeliza- has twenty-seven preaching station has been slow and the results tions and twelve Sunday-schools. sometimes very disappointing, yet He keeps the "light of Life" burna number of outstanding leaders ing in many homes which otherhave come forward whose Chris- wise would be dark, yet he is only tian character is the proof of the one of scores of men and women faithful ministry of devoted mis- who cover large areas as bearers of sionaries. As the Government has the "Glad Tidings." provided the school equipment, On the broad prairies where the

1!l28} CANADA AS A MISSION FIELD

land is marvelously fertile the de- dezvous Island. For ten years Mrs. T. velopment of a mission into a self- had not been once off the Island, which is perhaps a mile long and one-half wide. supporting congregation is often A 'neighbor' woman would come in an rapid. A few years of persistent open boat from fifteen miles away to help her when her babies were born. When effort bring quick returns. Conse- first I called I found the children had quently in some of the newer prov- had no schooling and the oldest was fif- teen years of age. They have now a inces the Church is already firmly little school attended by four T.'s and four other children who row six and established. eight miles to be present. Off-hand I Under the care of the Canadian could name two score of other families whose appeal is much the same as these." Protestant churches, where statistics are available, there are about Traveling libraries are intro- duced and about one hundred of 3,000 aid-receiving charges. In these are constantly on the move to bring intellectual stimulus to each of these there would be an hundreds of little groups.

average of three preaching sta- To fulfil this ministry these tions, or a total of between nine brave missionaries endure all kinds of hardships by land and sea. God and ten thousand places where re- alone can measure the results in lives inspired and redeemed ligious services are made possible through their never-failing sacrithrough the home missionary en- fice.

terprise of the various churches in French Canadians Canada. For over one hundred years the Protestant churches of Canada Marine Missions have been interested in the evan- gelization of the French Canadians. On the Atlantic and the Pacific Many of the earliest settlers who coasts little mission boats go up c&me to Quebec were Protestants of Huguenot extraction. Their lot and down, seeking out the lonely was a difficult one and increasingly so with the coming of greater numsettlers, the fishermen, the loggers bers of French Roman Catholics. From the beginning Protestant and the lumbermen. Between 40,- services were held and many French people were attracted to 000 and 50,000 people are sought this simple form of worship. Dur- ing all these years the work has out in this way and the service gone forward with varying suc- cess. rendered is at once unique and far- Large, well-conducted boarding reaching in its effects. One mis- schools, accommodating 600 or 700' children, have been established by' sionary writes, as he relates an ex- several denominations and affordl excellent opportunities for educaperience at one port of caB: tion and for contacts with the Prot- estant community. Home schools "I had a capacity house and a most have also been located at several appreciative audience. They had come from 'the uttermost parts' of the Island by trail and boat. Six babies lay asleep on shawls on the floor during the service. Everyone else was wide awake. I had no need of eloquence to hold their attention but their evident eagerness to follow my thoughts brought from me the best I had. I spoke for more than an hour. The meeting lasted two hours. I do not know how much longer they stayed after the benediction. It was 'a great occasion' for them. They told me that mine was the second religious gathering that had ever been held on the Island and that I was the first Christian minister of any kind that had ever been in their homes. This Island lies out in the Pacific only fifty miles from the city of Vancouver.

"One family, Mr. and Mrs. T., with their six children, lives seventy-five miles farther up the coast on the Upper Ren-

convenient centers and help to im- steadily separating themselves part religious education. from the synagogue as a place of Important congregations have worship. Reports show that from grown up and are exercising a 8010 to 8510 of the Jewish people liberating influence on the thought are rapidly becoming unchurched.

and action of the French com- Fully seventy-five out of everyone munities. Outside all Protestant hundred of the children are al- churches and yet attributable to lowed to grow up in ignorance of them is a great body of young peo- the Jewish religious beliefs and ple of French extraction, with practices. '

highly trained minds, who are fear- Since the Great War the Jewish lessly seeking the truth and are population, in many countries, has finding the way to real spiritual enjoyed a freedom of thought and freedom. of action never before experienced.

The Problem of the Jew In these areas the Jewish mind has opened and Jewish professors and Wherever the Jew has settled in rabbis of the liberal type are com- any part of the world he has cre- mending the New Testament, even ated new problems, political, social, preaching from it and declaring economic and religious. Some Jesus to be Israel's greatest ethical countries, in attempting to solve teacher. A still more "liberaliz- these problems, have adopted ing" movement in the Jewish com- methods of repression. In most munity is being led by James instances the Christian Church has Waterman Wise, the only son of done little but look on and has Rabbi Stephen Wise, of New York.

acted as if there was no call of This young man is already called Christ to bring the Gospel to His "A Jewish Martin Luther." In a own. Had the Christian Church book recently published he says, been more active there might be no "Our faith must be reexamined.

Jewish problem today. The in- Reverently and with love we must fluence of these people is out of all search into the truths of our fa- proportion to their numbers. They thers but resolved that where they have attained positions in finance, are for us no truths we must deny commerce, industry, science, phi- them; where they are half truths losophy, law, politics, statecraft we must alter them; and where and in the press, enabling them to ourselves can catch a glimpse of mould thought and public opinion yet unseen truths we must not fail and to influence the life and des- to follow the gleam." For these tiny of nations. and many other reasons the time These facts indicate the vital im- is most opportune and the urgency portance of the Christian educa- very great to evangelize the Jew.

tion of the Jew to the life of the The churches in Canada have a whole world. The problem of the number of successful miSSIOns Jew is religious and the Church among Jewish people, but the in- must approach the task from the direct method of influencing them practical and not merely from the has proved most effective and thou- sentimental point of view. "The sands of young Jews are being Gospel, the great Solvent" must be born into a wider and fuller life.

applied as never before. As a In Montreal there are 76,000 Jews, group the Jewish people are in Toronto 60,000, in Winnipeg

CANADA AS A MISSION FIELD

16,000 and in all of Canada about looked for another country where 170,000. The number, the oppor- they would have both land and lib- tunity and the obligation grow erty. They began to emigrate to steadily. Hundreds of Jewish chil- the United States and to Canada dren are now in Sunday-schools and when the number had grown and other young people's activi- sufficiently "The Pacific Confer- ties but more aggressiveness should ence of German Congregational be shown in teaching the way of Churches" sent the first mission- the Christ unto these wonderful aries who set up congregations. In people and especially unto their the new land they have prospered.

children. The pioneer shack has given place The Russo-Germans to the comfortable farmhouse. Their religious fervor has not A fairly large company of people abated but difficulty has been exwho were legally Russian citizens perienced in finding qualified minbut who are descended from Ger- isters. This is being overcome so man colonists in Russia have made that this interesting people is their way to Canada. The older likely to make a substantial contrimembers of this group still speak bution to the religious life of Canthe German language. Their story ada.

goes back over one hundred and Extensive and effective work is fifty years to the reign of the also being done in well-established famous but wicked Empress Cath- missions among Orientals, Italians, arine II of Russia. A Prussian Bulgarians, Polish, Scandinavians, princess by birth, her marriage Finnish, Ukrainians and other was intended to strengthen the ties groups. Many of these groups, between Russia and her native having turned away from the traland. She undertook to settle the fertile lands of southern Russia ditional churches of the old lands, with German colonists, who were are sadly neglected and are prepromised land and religious free- senting the most inviting fields of dom. They settled north of the home mission enterprise. To teach these peoples the best things of Caspian Sea and between this and the Black Sea. As the Russian Gov- life in a way that will lead them inernment recognized only the Luth- to the place of real Christian faith eran Church the state appointed and spiritual liberty is a glorious task. ministers for these colonies. These ministers were state officials rather The Church of All Nations than religious men and the people One of the most recent methods suffered accordingly. Many were of solving the difficulty of provid- naturally religious and in the long ing gospel ordinances for these periods between the visits of the various racial groups is the organ- clergyman, and often without his ization of the "Church of All Na- knowledge, great revivals took tions." In the city of Toronto, The place. Moody and Sankey hymns United Church of Canada has were translated into their language added to its missionary equipment and were sung with great fervor. this most interesting experiment The religious freedom promised which so far has proved eminently them was curtailed and eventually successful. Years ago one of the was taken away, so that they largest and most influential con- 3

gregations of the former Meth- verse nationalities who have been odist Church of Canada met in the hitherto neglected. Racial congre- Queen St. West church. The pass- gations established for some years ing of the years changed the com- and now housed in this building plexion of the district. The Eng- have increased their attendance lish-speaking community gave three-fold. A real attempt is made place to the representatives of to demonstrate the fact that "God more than thirty different nation- has made of one blood all the na- alities who were for the most part tions." without a church home. The old At fifty or more centers across building was remodeled and en- Canada these missions are establarged, providing two fine chapels lished and minister in a most seating 300 or 400 each, many club- unique way to this cosmopolitan rooms and a large well-equipped population. The enterprises of the gymnasium, in short, the most up- Boards of Home Missions of the to-date equipment for a real com- Protestant Churches of Canada are munity center. The direction of thus seen to be of the most varied the work is under a Canadian-born character. A real attempt is made minister of The United Church and to fin up that which is lacking in associated with him are five other the religious life of any community. ministers of the following nation- In addition to preaching "the alities: Bulgarian, Finnish, Uk- Word," which must always be rerainian, Scandinavian and Hun- garded as of first importance in garian. These have each his own missionary effort, other important racial service. In the evening all activities are undertaken. Splengroups meet in a common service didly equipped hospitals are mainconducted in the English language, tained ; school homes on a large although the hymns are sung to- scale bring the possibility of edugether in the different languages cation within the reach of hunto the same tune. More than any dreds of children. These and other other undertaking this has caught agencies commend the Gospel of the imagination of the Church and Love to peoples from all over the in this has been found the most ef- world, all of whom understand the fective means of providing reli- language of kindness Il.nd sacrigious services for peoples of di- ficial service.

HOME MISSIONS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN CANADA BY REV. W. A. CAMERON, B.A.

Assistant Secretary of the Board of Missions, Presbyterian Olturclt in Oanada The work of the women's mis- settlement houses in neglected sionary societies of the Presby- areas in our cities and two Reterian Church in Canada is mainly demptive Homes for the befriendof an institutional nature carried ing of those who have sometimes on in hospitals, school homes and been much more sinned against through the agency of deaconesses. than sinning. To it also is left, as The General Board maintains two its main work, the supplying of the

gospel privileges to needy places, hundred and seventy-five homes east and west. Of the 1,268 preach- being on the mailing list. Two ing places in our church, 591 are new mission fields are being opened dependent on the Board of Mis- this spring as a result of this work sions for the appointment of their of discovery. missionary or for financial assistance. A number of these have The oldest home mission work in been weakened temporarily either Canada was among the Indians of by the loss of members or the loss the west. This is still being carof property during the church ried on. The latest development is union struggle. Many fields cover taking place in the new north, in a large territory and consist of sev- the mining districts of Northern eral preaching points under the Ontario, Quebec, Northern Manidirection of one missionary. As toba and Saskatchewan, and in the most of these are in new territory great wheat areas of the Peace they are strengthened by the ar- River country, lying north of Edrival of new settlers, largely monton. The Presbyterian Church through immigration. has appointed students for the summer to prospect in these dis- Six port chaplains are also at tricts for the hidden gold in the work, two in Ireland and one in lives of men. No work is more Glasgow, whose duty it is to be of truly following in the footsteps of assistance to those who leave for our Master. Canada. Three are at various points in Canada who not only wel- A large number who are now come these immigrants on their ar- making their homes in Canada rival but help them to adjust them- have come from lands where Engselves to the new conditions. To lish is not spoken. Our church is minister to these, or to keep in taking a share in the task of protouch with them in their new claiming Christ to those of eight homes, presents a very serious different nationalities: (1) scatproblem. This is being solved tered French families in the Provthrough the agency of the Sunday- ince of Quebec; (2) Chinese in school missionary who travels in a various centers, among whom van, supplied with Sunday-school eleven workers are giving full-time helps and illustrated papers. Last service, four of these being Chisummer one of these workers cov- nese; (3) Jews in Toronto; (4) ered seven thousand miles, organ- Italians in Montreal, where there ized twenty-six new Sunday- are three congregations with a schools, of which nineteen were combined membership of 225 and meeting in schoolhouses and seve:q with 200 children in the Sundayin private houses. In addition, five schools; (5) Hungarians in nine hundred children remote from any centres, east and west; (6) Uk- Sunday-school were enrolled in a rainians in three cities; (7) Scan- Home Department for the study of dinavian far mer s, woodsmen, the Bible. Three hundred children fishermen, and miners; (8) Perwere found whose parents wished sians. The work of ministering to them to be baptized. During the so many varied nationalities is winter months five hundred and abundantly worth while as a part fifty-nine children were being sup- in the task of making and keeping plied with lesson helps by post, one Canada Christian in thought and outlook.

AMERICA'S GREATEST

TO EGYPT BY REV. WAHBY BOULUS, Sannoures, Egypt EGYPTIANS are not so much Coptic Church and even the street indebted to America for m~r- boys are not forgotte~ in this chandise and other materIal great movement. The Invaluable benefits but many of us are very help such schools are now render- deeply indebted for the work of ing is beyond calculation.

American missionaries. They have Egyptian women also have done much to evolutionize Egyp- found their greatest friends in tian life, and in many ways have American Christian educators.

contributed to progress. They have found their liberty and They are ambassadors of love new life. Egypt has great possi- and sympathy, and in their schools bilities with an open Bible and have been developed democratic this Book is helping to reform the ideals based. on Christian prin- old Coptic Church.

ciples. They have also taught the Missionary medical work has Gospel of Chr~st. . presented a wide field for se.lf- In AlexandrIa, Tanta, CaIro, As- sacrifice and a center for serVIce siut and all up the Nile Valley one to humanity. In Assiut and in finds the indelible impression of Tanta hundreds of thousands have these great American institutions been treated and have returned, -especially of Assiut College. uttering words of gratitude. Dr.

Had it not been fo.r this college Henry stands out as a distin- alone, many EgyptIans who are guished character possessing all now the light of their country the virtues of a Christian minister might have been renegades or vag- and Dr. Grant of Tanta has be- abonds. Young men have been come widely known and greatly snatched from dark homes. Now beloved. Other missionary pio- they are possessed of the light of neers have not considered their knowledge and truth, and are dif- lives dear unto themselves in their fusing light to their fellow coun- desire to offer salvation to the trymen. Egyptians.

In the village where I am now America's greatest contribution a pastor more than two hundred to Egypt has been the men who you~g men, former students of the have come here to serve humanity, Assmt College have come a1l:d.com- to uplift character, and to make pose a group of useful cItizens. known Christ as Saviour and Lord. Thirteen are pastors; others are lawyers, doctors, teachers, or busi:"

ness men. The money was well Arabic Scriptures had a total circula- I·nvested in their education for it tion of 1,200,000 copies during the last brought forth a high percentage of twenty years. About one-tenth of the character and men. whole output have gone to Moslems, which is much. Osmanli-Turkish Scrip- The work of the Sunday-schools tures have all gone to Moslems during is also finding its way into the old the same twenty years in a total of 150,000 copies.

644

CHRISTIANITY IN

BY REV. ALBERT G. MACKINNON, M.A., D.D., Rome, Italy Minister of the Presbyterian Ohurch T o APPRIZE the forces dom- happened is that Mussolini has dis- inant in New Italy one must covered the soul of his country. understand its maker-Mus- At heart, through all the ages, solini. That is not easy, for the there slept the spirit of Imperial evolution of the man is not yet Rome. Mussolini found in the old complete. He has impressed his fasces the "Open Sesame" which ideas and will on a nation by a penetrated through the walls of strength of character and determi- centuries and made the dry bones nation that ranks him as one of rise and live. The Italy which the world's greatest leaders, but has awakened to a consciousness what the ultimate goal will be it of itself has some of the delight- is doubtful if even he himself fore- ful freshness of youth. It is full sees. Fashioned on a rude anvil, of energy and ambition. Fascismo he tasted the bitterness of poverty has harnessed fervor to action: it and imprisonment. The fire of has given ambition a goal, and pa- patriotism in his soul, which has triotism a vent. The dash of Italian been the passion of his life, early character has carried the country began to weld the hard experiences with a rush into its new-found of youth into a fierce determina- possession of unity and power.

tion to make his country a better Time only will prove whether push place to live in and to clear all will be backed 'by perseverance.

self-seekers from positions of au- Has the spurt staying power?

thority. He naturally gravitated The best minds in Italy think towards Socialism; but when he that it has. There may be modifi- had to choose between it and pa- cations in time, but Italy will nev- triotism he was loyal to his first er go to sleep again. It has and abiding love, that of country. awakened, rolled up its sleeves, and Lenin upbraided the Italian Com- set itself to put its house in order.

munists with having lost their Housewives are not over-gentle chance when they allowed such a when the frenzy of cleaning is up- man to leave their ranks. "It is on them, and many a mere man a great misfortune that Mussolini has to complain that his household is lost to us," he wrote. "He is gods have been sacrilegiously fin- a strong man who will lead to vic- gered. Yet when he sits once again tory his party. You have thrown in comfort the sense of purity is away the card which wins the more than compensation. There trick." is a purifying agency at work in His prophecy proved true. Mus- Italy to-day.

soHni could not be suppressed. He How does all this affect Chris- came to the top, and to-day Italy tian work? That is the question presents at first sight a puzzle to we have to answer, and in general the casual observer. It is trans- terms the response is easy. Social formed, reanimated. What has discipline, order, high civic ideals 645

are all conducive to the formation about his private opinions, has of an atmosphere helpful to Truth publicly emphasized the imporin its highest form. Italy just tance of religion in the State. He escaped a catastrophe which would is naturally too preoccupied with have been disastrous to Christian- the affairs of government to probe ity. Bolshevism was about to deeply into the nature of religion break through the guard of civili- itself, and therefore accepts the zation. The pressure from Russia form in which it has been prewas bending the line of resistance; sented to him. He has had little its red flag was vaunting itself opportunity to come into close on the very streets of Rome; its touch with evangelical thought and doctrines were warping the souls forces; but he does not disown the of its citizens, when Italy produced place and work of the Evangelical the man who by a magic word ral- Church in Italy, and acknowledges lied its moral forces. The breach the good it is doing in the formain the dam was stopped, the flood tion of character, which he conwas stemmed; and, in as true a fesses must be the basis of true sense as in Flanders and on the citizenship. Piave, Europe was saved a second time. This outlook tends to put the mind of the average Italian, where Let us pass in review: not hampered by prejudice, into a sympathetic attitude towards the The Forces Helpful to Evangelistic appeal of Truth. It is my frequent Work habit to attend the evening serv- ice in the Waldensian Church in This awakening in the State has Rome, and I am always impressed had a repercussion in the religious by the large and attentive congresphere. It is a period of intensive gations. These are not composed germination. New ideas are evolv- of regular members, but are repreing and taking form in laws. While sentative of the man-in-the-street. the region of this activity has so A considerable number of Roman far been political it has produced Catholics drift in there because of an alert mind which cannot be con- the growing desire to know the fined within the frontiers of the Truth. One cannot come away State. This is all to the good. from these services without feel- Fascism may yet have its parallel ing very hopeful for Italy. in the religious domain. My own belief is that it will, and that noth- Another satisfactory feature in ing can check it. Meantime there the present situation is the reis undoubtedly a deepening of in- peated assurance which the Fasterest in spiritual matters, and a cist Government has given that restless spirit of. inquiry. Books religious liberty will be mainon religious subjects are being tained, and that it will safeguard more largely read, and among the the rights of all denominations more thoughtful there is a tend- which have a recognized claim to ency to question the superstitious its protection. teaching of the Roman Church. Many of its practices will not be Three years ago when Senator able to withstand this new search Luzzatti was writing a book on the for truth. "Relation Between Church and State" he called in my services in Mussolini, while I know nothing connection with his chapter on the

EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANITY IN ITALY

history of Scotland. Although taking root. A revived interest once Liberal Prime Minister of is manifest in the Word of God Italy and thus in himself the ex- and many incidents have come to ponent of a statesmanship which my knowledge of how a single copy was now superseded, he yet ex- has changed first one life and then pressed absolute confidence in the a whole home. Secretly the leaven new regime to preserve liberty of of the Word is acting and prepar- conscience and worship, and the ing the way for the preaching of rights of religious minorities. This the Gospel of Christ.

testimony from a Jew, but one Forces Which Oppose known as "The Grand Old Man"

of Italy, carries weight. The There is, however, a darker side shrewdness which lurked behind to the picture. Prejudice which those keen eyes read men and has been entrenched for centuries movements and his assurance on is not easily moved; besides there this point has allayed all fears. are material interests which are Another encouraging feature of threatened by evangelical teach- the times is the drawing together ing. It undermines superstition of the separate forces of Evangel- and all that is built thereon. Hence icalism. There was a period when the fierce attacks which are some- they showed rivalry and even op- times made on the preachers of position to each other; but that the Gospel, and especially on those is past. In Italy many organiza- who distribute the Scriptures. The tions are at work to spread the benevolence of the Government is Gospel in its simplicity, but the abused by those who under the greatest of all is the Waldensian cloak of religion seek to hinder Church, to whose heroism Milton workers of a different faith. It opened the eyes of Europe with sometimes also happens that low- a sonnet. It is the survivor of er government officials interpret thirty persecutions each more cruel in an arbitrary way the intentions than the other, and it has the right of the State.

to call itself the oldest Protestant A strange coincidence can also church in Europe. The best way be noticed. Along with the revived to help the evangelical cause is interest in religion there are de- to do it through the Protestant velopments of superstition. Mir- Church of the land. The present acles attributed to the relics of national spirit of the country re- dead saints seem on the increase.

sents the efforts of outsiders. It I have never seen the "Holy Stairs"

will be a long time before we can in Rome more densely thronged expect organic union between the than in recent years. The voice different evangelistic agencies; which whispered to Luther: "The but the fact that there is now co- just shall live by faith" falls to- operation gives strength to the day on deaf ears as men seek sal- cause. vation by penance.

Another thing that gives ground Perhaps one of the greatest dif- for much hope is the increasing ficulties the evangelical cause has circulation 0 f the Scriptures. to face at present is the lack of Though the ground may still be men and means. After all it is hard, the seed is being widely scat- true that "Not many mighty, not tered, and here and there it is many noble are called." The re-

sources available are very limited. may yet achieve a glory greater Their lack is America's and Brit- than "the grandeur that was ain's opportunity; but the giving Rome." of alien help requires tact. Nothing would be more fatal at the Well-intentioned visitors to Rome present moment than to associate very often, through thoughtlessevangelical effort with foreign ness, place themselves in the catechurches, for in such a case it gory of hinderers. A curiosity would be very easy for the enemy which they excuse as harmless to turn national spirit against it, tempts them to seek for admission and thus raise an insuperable bar- to one of the papal audiences. rier to its advance. All the "audience" there is about this ceremony is getting down on The Evangelical churches in one's knees and humbly kissing the Italy need the prayers and prac- Pope's ring as he passes along the tical help of their brethren in other line of kneeling visitors. The next lands, for theirs is a great task day the pUblication of the news at this moment. The character of that, say, "Three hundred distin- New Italy is still in the making. guished American and British vis- If it can be freed from the super- itors had an audience with His stitions of the past, and its zeal Holiness," may not meet their eyes; for the renovation of the State but it is seen by the Italians, who be joined to loyalty to that Saviour do not understand that the motive whose figure it has worshipped but was mere idle curiosity, and acwhose spirit it has misunderstood, cept it as a vote of confidence in then with that purified vision it the Roman Catholic faith.

AN APOSTLE OF CHRIST IN NEW BRITAIN· BY J. H. MARGETTS, Raluana T HE latest thrust made into people accepted the invitation of heathendom by the church certain Taulil chiefs living nearby operating in the Raluana and settled amid the less exacting circuit has been in the direction conditions on the foothills of the of the Baining Mountains, a wide, range. The opportUnity was imrugged range of heights stretch- mediately grasped by our church, ing right across the Gazelle Pen- and services were commenced insula and lying at the back of the amongst them, only the men atcircuit. Sparsely scattered over tending, standing around, not this mountainous region are thou- moving far from their spears sands of nomads who rank with which they had stuck up in the the lowest types of mankind. ground. Shortly afterwards a Having grown tired somewhat native teacher was sent to reside of their nomadic existence, and in the settlement and soon the first having heard something of the seeds of the Kingdom of God were beneficent results accruing to taking root in the hearts and lives those having heard the gospel, in of the people. 1913 a small company of these Six years ago, amongst those * From The Missionary Review of the Meth. found waiting at the door of the church for admittance was a young odist Missionary Society of Australia.

AN APOSTLE OF CHRIST IN NEW BRITAIN

man named Got. Gently and kind- their ears, then calling them to ly and patiently he was taken in join him in prayer. He would stay hand by the native teacher in his in a place a day or two and then village and taught the way of God continue his work elsewhere. The more perfectly. We then received outcome of these missionary jourhim into the church. At baptism neys was that the Christian settlehe took the name Jeremiah. He ments on the foothills were was taught to read, and in order growing month by month. J ereto know the Word of God he miah was lifting up Jesus as he learned the coastal language, in went along, and He was drawing which the New Testament is men and women to Himself. Those printed. All this time he was an men and women, naked savages, eager hearer of the Word and reg- wending their way down the mounularly attended all the meetings of tains, with their packs and babies the church, and endeavored by on their backs, and their bigger nrecept and practice to lead others babies on their shoulders, to where to the grace he had found and was the native teachers were stationed, so much enjoying. It was thought were souls tired out with life as wise to assist his training by giv- they had known it, who had been ing him admittance into the mis- inspired to new life and energy by sionary's school at Raluana; but the promise of rest to be found in he never reaDy settled down the Gospel of Christ, proclaimed amongst us. His heart was where so earnestly by one of themselves. his home is, away in the mountains. He longed to be back with Jeremiah was afterwards made his own people; so we let him go, an assistant teacher. Up till now knowing that the greatest equip- his work had been principally ment God's servants can have is amongst those of his own tribe, not acquired at the schools. He the Uramat people. Between this became a local preacher and was tribe and the sea are the Mallee the first to proclaim the gospel to people, perhaps the most numerhis tribe in their own tongue. ous tribe on the mountains. We "Missionary," they said later on, were anxious that our work should "until Jeremiah preached to us in extend to these also, and as we our own tongue the Divine light had no pioneer suited to the task we saw was as that of the dawn, compared with Jeremiah, he was but now it is as that of the sun approached. Before many days shining high in the heavens." had elapsed he had left home once more, this time on an excursion It was at this time Jeremiah be- into the Mallee country. In that gan his apostolic tours. Over hill district he lived and laboured for and valley, crossing dangerous several months. The dialect spoken rivers, climbing rugged mountains was a little different from his own, in all weathers he would go, look- but this was soon acquired, and he ing for the people in their rude was able to preach to the people hamlets; not finding them he in their own tongue. What has would go and search for them in been the outcome of these entheir gardens, gathering them to- deavors? Another settlement has gether at night and in the light come into being with a population of the fire telling them the story of about two hundred-all brought of the gospel, so wonderful to into the Church by Jeremiah.

VITALITY OF

BY REV. WM. M. PADEN, D.D., Salt Lake City, Utah 'AMORMON apostle, Dr. James of the faith, the Mormon choir, E. Talmage, writes as if the and representative dyed-in-the- vitality of the Mormon cult wool saints from the various wards were evidence of its claim to be the of the city. only true Church of Christ on earth. The Tabernacle, wtJen it is packed But weeds have stubborn roots; as at conference time, seats about they grow; they reproduce; they 7,500 people. The attendance at spread their species; some of these the regular afternoon services weeds are parasites; many of them averages about 600. "That is not thrive best on poorly cultivated a great showing in a city of 125,- soil. Islam is an older, more 000, one half of the people nondeeply rooted and more widely Mormons," says the visitor. "But," spread creed than Mormonism and replies his Gentile companion, its defenders might use these evi- "you must take into account the dences of vitality to prove its di- attendance at the regular morning vine character and unique religious and evening services held in the worth. fifty Mormon meeting houses. The Mormonism is deeply rooted in Mormon church has an enrolled Utah, even in Salt Lake City where membership of 43,759 in this city perhaps half the people are non- and as many more in its suburbs Mormons or "Gentiles." Yet vis- in Salt Lake County. There are itors who pass through this Mor- fewer than 10,000 members-Prot- mon Zion see little of the branches estant and Catholic – enrolled in of this degenerate but fruitful cult all the other churches of this city and less of its roots. Tourists who or county." attend services in the Mormon It should be noted, however, that Tabernacle are apt to think of this the Mormons round up and brand as the one Mormon meeting house all their children at the age of in the city. As a matter of fact, eight years and are not disposed there are fifty other Mormon meet- to purge their church rolls. "Once ing houses in this Mormon Zion a Mormon always a Mormon" is and eighteen more in its environs. one of their sayings.

Moreover, the services held in the Outside of Salt Lake City and tabernacle are for tourists and are County the Mormon cult is still tied up with the Mormon Bureau more stubbornly rooted. But here, of misinformation, which is one of again, the outsider needs disilluthe most seductive missionary sta- sionment. You tell a candidate for tions of the Mormon church. The Christian ministerial service that typical services of the church are he will be the only resident minheld, save during its semiannual ister and serve in the only organconferences, in the ward meeting ized Christian church in one of our houses. The Mormon contingent Mormon towns or counties and he at the Tabernacle services consists will inquire: "Are there any Mor- of certain apostles and defenders mon churches in this unoccupied 650 parish ?" If the field under con- Some of these "stakes" report as sideration centers at Logan, the many as 6,000 members and the county seat of Cache County, you enrolled membership of the church reply: "Oh, yes, there are a dozen in Idaho is over 85,000. There are Mormon meeting houses in Logan not so many members enrolled in and its suburbs; also a central all the other churches – Catholic tabernacle and a conspicuous Mor- and Protestant – of Idaho. The mon temple. There are over forty Mormons have established their Mormon chapels or meeting houses colonies chiefly in the southern in this town or county and you will counties of this state. be the one resident minister in this great parish. The enrolled mem- The cult has, during the last few bership of the Evangelical church years, been taking root and spreadwill be perhaps 125. The Mormon ing in California and, especially, in and around Los Angeles. A A MORMON UNIVERSITY WARD CHAPEL IN UTAH membership, as listed for last year, "stake" has recently been organis 24,241. These members are ized in Los Angeles with its presicared for by five 'stake' presidents, dent, eighteen wards each with its forty-three bishops and scores of bishop, and 6,928 members. The obedient priests." authorities now speak of organiz- ing a "stake" covering the forty or Is the Mormon cult spreading? more missions in central Cali- Is it lengthening its cords, as well fornia. Some of these missions as strengthening its stakes? have already purchased property and built comely chapels. According to the Mormon directory and statistics for Idaho, the Mormon Statistics cult has twenty-four "stakes" in this state, usually including a Speakers at the last Mormon county or a town and its environs. conference boasted that their Each of these "stakes" has from church had more than doubled its six to fourteen meeting places or membership during the last fifty chapels, each with its bishop and years. This is quite true. The contingent of subordinate officials.

present enrolled membership of the from such and other reports that two Mormon sects-the one with the Mormon bishops list all the headquarters in Salt Lake City, the Mormons who happen to be living other with headquarters at Inde- in their wards when report is called pendence, Missouri-recently re- for and so encourage ecclesiastical ported by Dr. H. K. Carroll, is repeating. Nevertheless, in spite 645,158. Of these, about 95,000 of this disposition of the Mormon are J osephites, a midwest variety leaders to claim everything in of Mormon, that have always re- sight, and in spite of their readi- pudiated polygamy and consider ness to wink at "repeating," the Brigham Young and his successors cult is growing. The increase is as usurpe:rs of the authorIty given largely due to Mormon fecundity to Joseph Smith. and the unwillingness of the bish- Deducting the enrollment of this ops to reduce their ward member- J osephite sect, which has little foot- ship by cutting out the dead timber.

hold in the intermountain or Another sign of the vitality of Pacific West, we have left about the Mormon cult may be seen in its 550,000 members of the Utah or new zeal in temple building and its Brighamite. sect – the sect with new emphasis on temple work.

which we chiefly have to do. Three new temples have been built The growth of the Utah variety during the last dozen years-one of Mormonism has not been lux- in Hawaii, another in Alberta, uriant during the last few years- Canada, and a third at Mesa, Ari- say about 21,000 each year, of zona. These temples have cost the whom about 14,000 are children church at least $750,000. There from Mormon families. The num- has also been a great increase of ber of adult baptisms, including such temple work as baptism and adults born of Mormon parents marriage for the dead, initiations but not baptized in childhood, and into the priesthood and marriage converts from the outside world for eternity. At the recent semi- averages about 7,000 per annum. annual conference President Grant The exact figures for last year, as reported that, during the past year, given out by President Grant, are: over 62,000 "recommends" had Children baptized and enrolled, been granted to the members of 14,604; other converts, 6,367. No the church who wished to do reports are made of loss by death temple work or accept temple nor is any report made of losses by vows. Special excursions are ar- apostasy or chronic absenteeism. ranged for the young people of This makes some of the Mormon Utah and southern Idaho who wish statistics rather interesting. For to be baptized for their un-Mor- example: The Mormon church re- monized forbears. Joseph F.

ports a membership of 2,228 in Smith, late president of the church, Kane County, Utah. There are, was in the habit of saying, "We do according to the United States more work to save the dead than Census report, only 2,054 people in we do to save the living." The this county. Another Mormon Catholic doctrine of purgatory, statistician has naively listed this even in its crudest form, has noth- county, basing his estimate on fig- ing on the Mormon doctrine of ures covering twenty-five years, as baptism for the "spirits in prison."

100.07% Mormon. It is evident Polygamy, aside from its appeal

THE VITALITY OF MORMONISM

to the average natural man, was a Idaho, one in Arizona, and three in diabolically shrewd way of holding Utah-elaim to be junior colleges. the leaders of the Mormon cult to- These so-called colleges and univergether. Once tied in polygamy, sities report an enrollment of they were tied up in the Mormon 4,857 students, all of whom take church for life. Moreover, it left courses in Mormon history or Morits mark on their children – a mon theology. mark which did not embarrass them so long as they remained in A more recent and close-gripa Mormon community or the Mor- ping educational program has led mon church. The oath-bound to the building and manning of initiation services and esoteric some sixty-nine seminaries. These teachings of the Mormon temples seminaries contain three roomshave a somewhat similar grip on an office or reception room, a lec- ture room and a rest or recreation A MORMON SEMINARY AND ITS STUDENTS IN UTAH the Mormon priesthood and people room-and are erected adjoining and will be much harder to break or near to the town or county high down than the practice of polyg- schools. A Mormon teacher of amy. high school grade is employed by the church to take charge of each Training Mormon Youth seminary. He teaches the pupils Bible, in which course grades may The rootage and growth of the be given in the public high school. Mormon cult is also fostered by its In addition, he gives courses on the system of church schools and sem- Book of Mormon, Mormon church inaries. Two of these church history and Mormon theology. schools-the Brigham Young Uni- These seminaries are lashed to versity at Provo and the Latter- most of the larger high schools in day Saints University of Salt Lake towns and communities which are City – claim to give university courses. Five others – one in dominantly Mormon. The attend-

ance is supposed to be voluntary First Presidency and Apostles in but the courses have a place in the the Mormon church is much more schedule of the high schools. Ten direct and intimate than that of thousand eight hundred thirty-five the Pope and his cardinals over (10,835) high school pupils were Roman Catholics. enrolled in these seminary classes last year. Faithful Mormons still move in colonies or to colonies of their own In addition to these colleges and kind. The 2,068 missionaries, who seminaries, M 0 r man "religion have during the past year been classes" are held in or near many working out from twenty-seven of our grade schools. The presi- central stations, through 750 dent of the Mormon church reports branches, have been recruiting that 61,131 pupils were enrolled in officers, the branches, as a rule, these week-day religious classes being temporary "holding comlast year. All this week-day proc- panies." For most of the converts ess of Mormonization is in addition hope, sooner or later, to go to some to the work done by the Mormon Mormon community or to get with- Sunday-schools. These Sunday- in easy reach of one of the ~for­ schools are easily the most efficient man temples. If the Mormon peorecruiting and enrolling agencies ple were permanently scattered of the Mormon cult and, as each of over the United States, as are the these Sunday-schools has its the- members of the great Protestant ology class for older pupils and churches, Mormonism would, withadults, these schools are also in a generation or so, lose its hold agencies of indoctrination. The on the majority of its younger regular church services, which are members and nearly all of their usually held in the town or village children. meeting houses on Sunday afternoon, are reiterative, stupid, and So Gentiles, many of them mempoorly attended. bers of Evangelical churches, find it hard to stand up for the faith of Mormon Bishops and Their Flocks their fathers when submerged in a community in which the Mor- The Mormons are, as a rule, mons are outspoken, knit together gregarious or herd-minded. They as one man, and dominant. Some go in flocks or herds, with a bishop of these non-Mormons, when so as herder or herdsman and the tested, suppress _their religious priesthood as his "nippers-in." There are 933 active bishops in the loyalties and soon have neither M'ormQII church and they and other religion to speak of or to live by. priests and high priests being in- Others, like lumps of savorless cluded, there are 130,000 priests of salt, go into solution without givvarious grades in the church. ing color or tang to the solution. Nearly all the male members of Still others are smothered as corn the church who are in good stand- by the weeds. As the Mormon ing, and many who are not, hold church emphasizes the social and office and exercise such authority economic elements of its fellowship as is doled out to them by the First as much as, if not more than, the Presidency and his Twelve Apostles moral and religious elements, some through local bishops and "stake" Gentiles join the cult for social or presidents. The authority of the business reasons, much as they would join a social or commercial

club or a non-religious fraternity. his successors authority to speak This is one of the menaces of Mor- for God and receive additional monism, for while it is probable revelations. that during recent years the Church has made fewer converts These prophets, seers and revelaoutside Mormon communities than tors have taught and still teach in former years, it is more than that there are many gods, male and probable that it has smothered female, that these gods have bodies, down or won into its membership parts and passions, and that the more of the non-Mormons resident Eternal Father is an exalted man. in Mormon communities than at They also teach that men and gods any time dUring the last genera- are of the same species, men being tion. gods in embryo, and that as God is now, man may be. They teach THE MORMON 'l'EMPLE IN HAWAII Doctrines and SUlljection to Authority that men and women, in order to become gods and goddesses, must Today the peculiar claims and be baptized and married by men peculiar teachings of this peculiar holding the Mormon priesthood cult are being pressed to the utter- and accept the secret vows and most. Some of the teachings are: pledges administered in the Mor- That the so-called Christian Church mon temple. was apostate and that Joseph Smith was called of God to reestab- They teach that polygamy, as lish the only true church of Jesus practiced and endorsed by the Christ; that he was given au- prophets, seers and revelators of thority to add the Book of Mor- the Mormon church, is a divine inmon, the Pearl of Great Price, and stitution and that its discontincertain lucubrations of his own to uance as a practice does not the Scriptures and to transmit to discount its righteousness as a principle.

CHRISTIANS WHO HAVE

Mr. Tie n, a colporteur of the robber chief, Mr. Tien found "Church Village," wondered what himself treated as an honored outrageous demands would be guest. The chief called for tea to made for the ransoming of his dear be served, and himself poured it ones who were captured. Among out, apologizing to the embarrassed them was his niece, a girl of six- colporteur for having brought him teen. so far away from home. "I could Suddenly a mysterious message easily have sent your two children reached him by word of mouth. He back to you but was afraid that was asked to travel alone and un- harm might come to them on the armed to a place among the hills, way," said he. "I am sorry that where further instructions would my men made the mistake they did, be given. Dare he venture on such but they could not tell which were a journey into the heart of bandit- your children."

land? But he believed that God *** could take care of him anywhere, Those responsible for evangel- so shouldering his Bible Society istic work in the Tehchow, Shan- knapsack of gospels he set off for tung mission of the American the hills, selling his books as he Board, do not feel that "the Chi- went along. On approaching the nese Church is floundering around haunt of the desperadoes his cour- lost in a wilderness just because age almost failed, for he noticed the missionary leadership has been that armed men were watching taken away suddenly." The van- him from among the high rocks. ishing of this leadership did make Soon he was challenged with a it difficult for the country church gruff "Who are you?" and he re- members to readjust themselves.

plied, "I am Tien of Church Vil- They even anticipated another lage." "Oh! you've come, have Boxer persecution. The church you?" was the puzzling response. elders were stunned. The Chinese He found himself being passed on leaders, superintendents and Evan- from post to post and described by gelistic Committee quickly made the sentries as the "Poor Ticket." plans for a "tour of explanation."

These robbers always speak of Their purpose was to clear up the their victims as though they were minds of the church members and lottery tickets, and here was one encourage them to seize the new whom they reckoned as a blank. opportunity to show that the Chris- At length Mr. Tien found him- tian Church is already indigenous self in a hill village which re- in China. At first things stood sembled a military camp. It was still. But gradually work has been full of armed men who seemed to resumed in the various stations.

be well disciplined. They dressed Whereas a few years ago the Chi- as soldiers during the daytime and nese thought that the Church was travelled among the villages quite an unimportant element in commu- openly, but at night they appeared nity life, as a result of the present in civilian clothes. agitation it has become a center of Conducted into the presence of popular interest.

656 SETTING THE YOUNG WOMEN classes, picture charts for Sunday- TO WORK school work, Sunday-school papers and cards, sheet music and other articles By MRS. C. K. LIPPARD, Philadelphia, Pa. were also sent from the society with no expense except for postage. Cor- General i1£::e!~igat:r~;:Pi~ri'l!~:~~:t, United In this age of projects and objec- respondence was opened with several tives and feminine activities it is not fields, needs were made known, internearly so hard to enlist workers as in esting information was received and former years. But how to introduce closer ties were formed. Christmas great activity into the society without boxes to which each contributed a losing devotional tone is a problem. gift, followed at the proper time. The society's interest was increased ten A Missionary Postmistress fold. The postmistress and stamp In one socie'ty there was a shy, re- window have become regular features tiring but faithful member who of their organization.

seemed to be losing interest for lack A Fireside Circle of a place in the activities. She could When a Mission Study Class was not sing, speak or pray in public and did not work well on committees. Yet first mentioned it did not appeal to she was earnest and longed for a share the girls of one society. Study was in the great task. Finally we estab- not what they wanted. But when atlished, just for her, the new office of tractive invitations were issued to a "Postmistress." Many women in the Fireside Meeting at one of the attrac- congregation had magazines, books, tive homes with a real fireplace, the music and other articles that they words "missionary" and "study" did were willing to send to the mission not appear, and the girls came. A field, but did not want to take the short chapter from a new study book time and trouble to tie them up. Each was read and discussed, appropriate country seemed to demand a different music was rendered by outside talent, mode of wrapping. The post office and light refreshments were served.

was out of the way so that it was a The girls were eager to come again.

nuisance to send them off. Our mis- Curios, victrola records from different sionary postmistress consented to re- lands, and surprise features were in- ceive all such articles brought to the troduced. Before they knew it they meetings, wrap and mail them, send a were deep in the book, and met in dif- letter with each parcel and read the ferent homes, calling themselves "The replies at subsequent meetings. A Fireside Circle." At the third meet- box called Stamp Window was Bet on ing, the girls themselves suggested the table and each member was asked that the refreshments be dropped, and to put in at least one cent each time the cost contributed to a cause pre- to be used for postage. Our post- sented in the study book. This is the mistress grew so interested in her fourth year of the Fireside Mission work that she called up members re- Study Circle and its membership is minding them to bring their maga- still increasing.

zines. Missionaries thus received Loose leaf notebooks were given to good periodicals regularly only a few one group of girls by a wise leader, weeks late. Hymn books for singing and they jotted down at each meeting 657 4

anything that impressed them or that posted on the Sunday before the meet- was new or interesting. At the end ing, is a good reminder. A bright of a short time each girl was asked to picture poster is best. Personal inlook over her book, take from it the vitations to each member of each class, page that seemed to her the most novel in the fall after the scattering sumor impressive and pin it on the wall. mer months, help new or indifferent A very striking exhibit was the result. ones to feel themselves needed and Posters were then evolved from the welcome. ideas on the notebook pages. A tea or reception, given by the Some Si:mple Devices Women's Missionary Society to all the girls of the Sunday-school or congre- Very simple devices may be used to gation, is a good method of approachtake away monotony from a meeting. ing the subject of a young women's In the room where we meet one of the organization. A short dramatization most helpful pieces of furniture is an may impress the girls with the imold battered screen frame we have portance or desirability of organizing. covered with brown burlap. On this Literature may be distributed at the we pin pictures. One night a strip of same gathering. paper across the top carried the words: "Our Guests of Honor." Be- Literature given out in the Sundaylow were pictures of our missionaries school the Sunday before the meeting and after learning all we could of sometimes will influence a girl to atthem personally the screen was tend. turned around and showed on the reverse side the places in which they A contribution to the regular proworked. gram by the children now and then brings out the mothers. An open Once we entertained some of our meeting or mother's party given by outstanding native Christians in the the children's organization will teach same way. Pictures of babies of all the mothers more about missions than nations covered the screen when we many programs of their own. wished to interest the mothers in Junior Work. Palm leaf fans strewn about the Sunday-school seats one Sunday bore Special projects were brought to the words, "We grew in India. If our members' attention by the old you wish to learn many more interscreen without a word being said. A esting things about that country, atlist of things needed from a certain tend the missionary meeting next field was posted and articles made by Tuesday." Japanese paper fans may our Juniors to be sent to various fields be used in the same way. were pinned on the burlap, making an inspiring display. Phonograph records of songs of mission lands, played in the vestibule Our Musical Evening of the church when the young people were having a social gathering, at- In connection with a musical pro- tracted some to come back the next gram an exhibit of musical instru- night to hear more native music and ments from mission lands and some learn more of the people who produced victrola records of native music added it. missionary interest. A sketchy drawing of a hill with a Project" for Young Women path going up, on which were many stones, drew the attention of the In this age of action, a dead or young women. Each stone was marked passive program will not appeal to the with such obstacles as "loneliness," young. Alert leaders, live programs "foreign language," "non-Christian and real projects must be offered surroundings," one was "few letters them. A separate poster for each from home," one "climate," etc. Begirls' classroom in the Sunday-school, low were the words, "Do you want to help our new missionaries combat the

METHODS FOR WORKERS

obstacles in their pathways? They their teacher for help and she put inhave gone there instead of you and to their hands the best to be had in me." children's missionary story material. The girls had never seen books of this The same drawing can be used to kind. emphasize the difficulties in the path of the new native Christians: super- Being energetic and earnest they stition, ignorance, unbelief, millions did their best to prepare and present of gods, tradition, or some of the un- the material attractively. One, a favorable customs of the country illus- normal school student, used posters, trated. maps and blackboard to illustrate the story. Another began, with the The picture of a clothesline between teacher's help, to collect curios to two posts, with America on one and show. One girl dressed in the cossome mission field on the other, with tume of the country she told about. large squares for washing hanging out made an effective poster. Above At the end of three months, withwere the words, "Is your wash clean, out a word of urging from anyone, or does it look like this?" On the this class organized into a Young clothes were written the words, selfish- Women's Missionary Society. They ness, superiority, prejudice, narrow- also started a missionary museum for ness, uncharitableness. A companion the Sunday-school, which has proved poster read, "The real Christian's of great value. washing looks like this"; clothes were marked-love, friendliness, fellowship, A Novel Sunday-School Picnic brotherhood, charity, kindness, equality. A real clothesline with large The teachers and officers of a cerpieces of white cloth or paper really tain Sunday-school wanted some novel hanging on may be one feature of a kind of an outing to take the place program for young people. The of the regular Sunday-school picnic. changing of the first pieces for those They could not afford to go out of the of the second list can be made very city or to provide elaborate sports. impressive. Another use for a clothes- The outing was to be held in a runline is to hang on it gifts to be sent down tourist camp grove. The misto any field. The line may join the sionary enthusiast recognized an openchurch with the field. ing and suggested "A Trip Around the World." Wha.t One Class Did Each class became a certain country The teacher of an attractive class and decorated its place accordingly. of girls was missionary minded, but The boys built a real straw hut and she seemed to fail entirely in interest- blackened their faces. Several brought ing the girls. After much thought drums, and Africa was the result. and prayer she went to the Sundayschool superintendent and made a The American Indians appeared in proposition. full regalia. Tepees were set up, and a monstrous totem pole, which took "My girls can tell stories beauti- weeks to carve and embellish, was in fully," she said. "I want to ask you evidence. Weird dances were the to use them for missionary story tell- order of the day. ing. Anna tells them best for junior age, and Ella for primaries. Please A pretty booth under a blossoming let them do the story telling for the tree, and hung with lanterns and next few months. Let them take paper umbrellas, where tea and cake turns." were dispensed by girls in bright kimonos, was unmistakably Japan. She arranged that the superintendent himself ask the girls to help in this The biggest surprise of all was a way. They were to choose their own red pagoda built by the men's Bible stories, but' naturally they came to class, of heavy pasteboard boxes, in the Chinese city. A part of the great wall, formed of boxes, fenced them in.

The missionary enthusiast had pre- decorate the Sunday-school room durpared some banners telling of the ing the summer. They were led not work of their denomination in each merely to play at gardening but to field. These were made of unbleached really work. Hours were set for them muslin and waved from the trees of to come during the week to do their the various countries. share.

The hymns chosen by the men, and Their memory verse that day was: sung at the end of that picnic, turned Song of Solomon, 2: 11-12. The theme out to be missionary hymns. Uncon- was "Cooperation with God." sciously they had abSorbed something of missionary information and of the Nothing thrills a boy like a flagmissionary spirit. draped room. At one meeting the whole period was spent on the study Interna.tional Post Office of flags of all nations, their origin and their significance. An admiration A program, beginning from the for and understanding of the flags of postman at our door and working in the world makes for world peace. trains, ships, cables. ocean travel and Flag songs and national anthems the stamps of all nations with games were introduced and explained. Interof travel and post office, will interest national stamps may also be brought very small children as well as the into such a program. larger boys. Stamp collections as well as picture postcards from all na- Surprises for Children tions should be shown. Post deliveries by camel, elephant, man-pulled carts, A new song on a chart turned backoxcarts and aeroplane may be ex- wards until time to sing. plained. Such a program can be made thrilling, but its success is dependent A foreign visitor or some one on the leader. dressed in the costume of some for- eign country. Something to Do A taste of native food. The secret of success in any mis- A rainy-day surprise may be the sionary organization is something for story of the rainy season in Africa or each one to do, and each one doing Japan-tasteless salt, food and clothes something. mouldy, shoes white with mildew, etc. Native umbrellas may be shown. At one children's meeting, when the boys and girls first arrived, they For Older Children rushed with shiny faces up to their leader, asking eagerly, "What are we Larger boys and girls may be intergoing to do today, Miss Fannie?" She ested in debates on such questions as: answered smiling, "You'd never, never guess! It's something just lovely." "Resolved that America cannot do without churches." Their replies gave the key to some of the "just lovely things" they had "Resolved that the church is the done. most important institution in our neighborhood." "Is it writing a letter to India? Taking stamps to the lame boy? Go- "Resolved that Japan needs more ing to the museum to see the Indians? missionaries." Scrap-books? Can't we pack another box? Say, I've got some dandy paste "Resolved that the study of misto mend song books. We could make sions is broadening." those old ones look new to send to Africa! Let's make another play These same themes put in question about Japan. Let's make a poster." form may be used as discussion topics for the group. This time they started a garden to "aise flowers for the sick and also to To Encourage Attendance Banners for attendance may be pre- pared for juniors, primary and kinder- garten groups and allowed in the room only when the attendance is per-

fect. The same plan may be employed They had come to learn how to use the to encourage promptness. programs. They wanted to know For Young Women where their gifts were most needed and how they could be of greatest A special "Thank You Box," large service. They grew each moment more enough to hold any gift offered, may discouraged and bewildered. Some of be placed in the meeting room. When them did not come back. A real op- something unusually pleasant happens portunity was wasted.

to a member, such as a birthday, re- Another leader may do everything covery from an illness, an engagement, beautifully. She may conduct the marriage or the birth of a child, she meeting, lead in prayer, play the may feel free to bring a Thank You piano, sing, provide splendid speakers, gift for some missionary, and place it write to missionaries and teach the in the box. A book received as a gift study class. When she is ill no one and read during the illness, a duplicate dares to take her place. No one thinks wedding or engagement gift, some- that she can do it well enough. And thing not needed for the baby, or a no one feels responsibility. It is her gift especially purchased because of a meeting, not theirs. An opportunity thankful heart, may be the offering. to train in other leaders and to de- At regular intervals the box should velop personal responsibility may be be opened, the gifts sorted and mailed lost by one woman's efficiency.

to any persons decided on by the class Then there is the careless and in- or society. This should in no way be different leader. We can pick her out allowed to interfere with the regular at once. The room is not in order.

thankoffering of money. Nothing is arranged. No one is ap- Siu>ple l>evices pointed to take part in the program till after she arrives at the meeting, Clothes pins make excellent people generally late, and hastily requests to be used in a sand table. They can some one to pick out some hymns and wear almost any costume. Two clothes for pity's sake, one of you look up a pins make a horse and rider, a num- prayer we can read together! A ber of them joined together a camel stranger coming in finds no guide, no train, etc. poster to show in which room the A message of love may be written meeting is held. There is no one to on a kite and it may be let loose to fly play the piano; never of course any away, bearing kindness to anyone special music or surprise feature; no who finds it. While it disappears the one is interested; the meeting drags.

children may recite: The Oooperative Meeting Fly a kite of kindness The best meeting is cooperative. To friends across the sea.

Hindering and Helping These words: "Our society," "our meeting," "our program" explain its .Strange as it may seem a most effi- success. The leader, however efficient cient leader may be a great hindrance. and thoroughly interested, has made Recently we attended an organization each one feel herself indispensable.

meeting where an outsider had been Mrs. Brown hears of a Japanese asked to speak a needed word of en- tourist visiting in the neighborhood couragement. The members were and begs him to come and show his women from moderately comfortable curios and costumes to her society.

homes, none of whom had gone to Mrs. Jones brings her new fern to school for the last two decades. As decorate the table, or a geranium the words "project" and "objective," blooming out of season. Mrs. Smith's "psychological," "efficiency," and "cur- cousin who sings is brought along to riculum" were flung about, a look of give a solo. The president welcomes bewilderment settled on their faces. all these helps even though they do

not always quite fit into the program. "Let us make a Japanese quilt," she "Our society" never lacks variety. smiled. "It's different and more in- . "We" are all so interested. "Our hus- teresting." "Ahs" and "ohs" of asbands" have their regular jobs on tonishment greeted the strange missionary society nights, driving patches. Soon each woman was busy about to gather up women for the filling in the outline with the right meeting. "Our college daughters" colored floss provided. Questions folknow that they must go to the neigh- lowed as naturally as breathing. bors so they can leave their babies and come. Even "our sons" stay at The wise pastor's wife had prepared home with their little sisters and and could answer intelligently. At brothers. Every woman in the con- the end of the meeting the pastor apgregation is expected to be at the peared and on seeing the new quilt meeting. Generally she is there. blocks, offered to bring a book on Japan next time, show them pictures How We Did It of the strange objects and read to them while they sewed. So the first Introducing missions into unmis- wedge of mission study was inserted. sionary churches, and interesting the When the pretty quilt, lined with uniuterested is not an easy task. cherry-blossom pink, was finished, Those who are leaders or workers, or there was little about Japan or miswho have always attended churches sion work there that those women did that recognize missions as a natural not know. part of the church program, feel helpless when confronted by the absolute A quilt full of pagodas, wheelbarignorance of and indifference toward rows, dragons and mandarins folthe subject in many communities. lowed, and it was put together with pale yellow, while China became real Here are a few methods used re- to the sewers. cently by earnest women moving into such communities: A black and white quilt, covered with elephants, oxcarts, hammocks, The opening wedge-Mrs. A. was mud huts and cunning black children a young pastor's wife fresh from a followed, as Christ's love for Africa lively missionary church and over- was impressed upon them. flowing with zeal. She was appalled by the fact that a women's meeting in The pile grew until the sale of the their new parish meant either pre- quilts came under discussion. Do you paring a big dinner or quilting. wonder that the minister's wife smiled Though the church women were in- when one woman suggested that the telligent, they knew nothing of mis- proceeds go to the various fields? sions. Offerings were unknown. That was a real innovation in that Sales and bazaars were the social church. events of the year. Quilts were sold to meet the quota of the congregation. "Why not send the quilts themselves After pondering in silence awhile to the missionaries?" the mission-enthe pastor's wife made her decision. thusiast put it meekly. "It might encourage them to know how inter- "If the women must make quilts, ested we are in their countries and I'll help them make a new kind," she the people there. All missionaries said. need bedding."

When opportunity offered she pro- This led naturally to the letters of duced squares of unbleached muslin thanks and appreciation from the missix by six inches, on which were out- sionaries. The personal touch was an lined strange objects -lotus flowers, accomplished fact and the rest folchrysanthemums, bamboo, jinrikishas, lowed slowly but naturally and instrange looking farmers in umbrella evitably. The church now has its mishats, rice bowls, silkworms, and sionary society and mission study Japanese dolls-each claimed a square. class. None of the women realize just how it came about.

WOlIAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK THE JERUSALEM MEETING prise to discover the will of God for this critical hour. By MRS. E. H. SILVERTHORN, New York The three outstanding results to my mind were: We arc still too near the meeting for true perspective or accurate evalu- I. The fellowship experienced on ation. It is, however, quite evident Mount of Olives in the deepest realithat we have witnessed and have par- ties of life, the intimate interpenetraticipated in one of the creative hours tion of mind with mind, of spirit with spirit, across the frontiers of language THE WOMEN DELEGATES FR OM MANY NATIONS AT JERUSALEM of missionary history of the world. and race and communion, the trans- For' one of the really great crises of formation of outlook and the expanmodern missionary history confronts sion of horizon. We experienced the the Christian forces of the world, and great fact of the solidarity of the Jerusalem, 1928, was an honest, de- disciples of Christ, "That they all may vout effort by the representatives of be one." This fellowship developed the responsible leadership of the Prot- through corporate prayer, worship, estant Christian missionary enter- through living, eating, thinking to- 663

gether, 250 of us, representing fifty- where must be a truly missionary one countries. church to express the mind of its Lord, to live vitally, to grow and serve; II. The expression of the common therefore the younger churches must mind of the Council under the guid- share this responsibility with the ance of God, as incorporated in the older churches since it is a cooperafindings. The mornings of the first tive enterprise. week were given to reports by the chairmen of the eight Commissions on III. The richness and depth of the the Surveys prepared before the meet- spiritual life of the Council in its ing. These were followed by forums vitality, its unity and its variety of which brought into the open diver- expression. Our surroundings had, gences or agreements of opinion, new no doubt, much to do with this exmaterial, and varied and rich ex- perience. We lived together for fifperiences of the Christian leadership teen days on the Mount of Olives, the from all over the world. All of this Holy City spread out as a panorama made an excellent preparation for the before us to the west, the Jordan findings groups which were organized Valley and the Dead Sea on the east, around the eight subjects of the sur- to the north was Judea and to the veys, and which met and reported the south Bethlehem and Bethany. The second week. Every delegate was on Wilderness of Temptation lay at our one or more of these findings groups feet. We were constantly reminded of or committees. These findings not the life and death of our Lord. All only gave a restatement of the Chris- these brought back in insistent spirtian message of the Gospel in terms itual recollections the realities and of deep reality, vibrating and real for compulsions of the faith by which we the new generation, reemphasizing are called to live and to serve. the supreme and unique place of Christ, of His life, death and resurrec- On the opening Sunday afternoon, tion as a redemptive act of God, but Bishop MacInnes, of Jerusalem, in the they also expressed for us the com- grounds of the Galilean Church on the pleteness of the Christian message for side of the Mount of Olives gave a deall of life. The findings covered these votional talk on the City of Jerusalem seven other fields: The development which lay spread out before us. On of Christian education on sound edu- Palm Sunday morning he took the concational and spiritual principles to ference on a devotional pilgrimage in meet the growing needs of all ages song and prayer and praise from Bethand groups in the churches all around any along the path our Lord walked or the world; the future of cooperation; rode on His triumphal entry into Jeruthe relationship of the older and salem. Late at night on Maundy younger churches; the type of appeal, Thursday we prayed in the Garden of and the magnitude of the task of the Gethsemane with the moonlight mak- Home Base; the world-wide industrial ing clear the outlines of the olive and rural problems based on sound trees. On Good Friday morning many Christian teaching, economic science walked from the Ecce Homo Church and practical need; the findings on along the Via Dolorosa in devotional interracial relationships, courageous meditation to the Church of the Holy and balanced. All these gave a clear Sepulchre, on the second Saturday we mandate, an expanding program, a went to Bethlehem, to Jericho, the unified world outlook for Protestant banks of the Jordan, where the Christendom. There was evidenced a Saviour was baptized, and to the Dead growing conviction on the part of the Sea. younger churches represented that the missionary task was not the con- In these and other ways the unique cern of the sending churches only, Christian associations of Jerusalem but that the Church of Christ every- wove themselves vitally into our spir- itual experience. We realized as never before that our Lord actually

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

lived our natural life, performed our Ruth Woodsmall, Secretary of Y. W.

natural tasks, walked the crowded C. A. Eastern Mediterranean Federa- streets and highways, and so for us tion; Mrs. George H. Huntington, was broken down forever the partition Chairman of the Near East Commit- between things sacred and things tee of the Y. W. C. A. and wife of the secular. He hallowed all of life for us. Vice-President of Robert College, Another outstanding point of in- Constantinople; Baroness G. W. T.

terest was the contacts and friend- Van Boetzelaer Van Dubbledam of the ships formed among the women dele- Netherlands; Miss B. D. Gibson, as- gates present. At the preceding meet- sistant secretary of the International ing of the International Missionary Missionary Council; Miss M. M.

Council held at Oxford, there were Underhill, associate Editor of the In- five women delegates, at this meeting ternational Review of Missions and there were 42 women delegates, Miss Esther Strong, Assistant Libra- coopted members and secretaries. rian. The women were called together Our own American delegation was twice on their own initiative to dis- a strong one. It included eleven cover in what ways they could give women from the United States and the largest contributions to the dis- one from Canada. There were two cussions and proceedings of the con- women in the English delegation, one ferences, and also to get acquainted from Scotland, one from Switzerland, and to learn something definite about one from the Netherlands, and one the fields, problems and progress of from Germany, Mme. Schlunk, who one another's work. Baroness Van was taken ill .en route and could not Boetzelaer Van Dubbledam was made attend the meeting. chairman of these informal gather- Among the delegates from the ings of the women's group.

Orient were some whose women, at The women were all housed together least, were familiar to us. From in one of the huts, they enjoyed much China, Miss Luella Miner, Dean of informal fellowship there and at the Women of the Shantung Christian morning coffee and afternoon tea University, Tsinan; Mrs. C. C. Chen, hours. While we each had regular Vice-Chairman of the National Y. W. seats in the guest hall of the German C. A. of China and Chairman of the Hospice where our meetings were Board of Directors of the Woman's Christian Medical College of Shang- held, there were no definite places at hai; Miss Pao-Swen Tsing, Founder the tables in the dining hall, each meal and Principal of Fang Girls' College, was like a turn of a kaleidoscope, new Changsha. From India, Miss Eleanor combinations, new tablemates, new ac- McDougall, Principal of the Woman's quaintances resulted. By the middle Christian College, Madras, and Miss of the first week all formality was Tara N. Tilak, social worker from gone and we were a friendly group the University Settlement, Bombay. intent on exchanging views and secur- From Japan, Mrs. Ochinii Kubushiro, ing information from one another. National Secretary of the Woman's Most of the Orientals wore their na- Christian Temperance Union of Japan, tive costumes which added much color and from Korea, Miss Helen Kim, to the gathering.

Dean of Ewha Woman's College, The possibilities of cooperation in Seoul. Some other WOmen notables observing the World's Day of Prayer were Mrs. Mary Grace Forgan, Presi- was presented to the women and there dent of the Woman's Foreign Mission were a general consensus of opinion and Vice-Convener of the Foreign that such participation by Christian Mission Committee of the United Free women everywhere would prove an- Church of Edinburgh; Miss Mary other bond of unity among the Chris- Dingman, Industrial Secretary of the tian women of the world.

World's Y. W. C. A., London; Miss Miss Helen Kim of Korea has con-

sented to prepare the 1929 program suits of the foreign mission enterprise for the World Day of Prayer. than the exhibit of the great lives and The women gave very valuable con- wonderful accomplishments of these tributions through the forums and on Christians who have come out from the findings committees. It was evi- their own faiths and have followed the dent that their contributions were ap- teachings of the Lord Jesus. It is not preciated, for in the reorganization of a new development. When the Com- the Council when the lack of women mittee on the United Study of Foreign members became apparent, the Na- Missions was formed in 1900 we wel- tional Christian Council, which now comed to the platform in Carnegie constitutes the International Mission- Hall, Lilavati Singh, president of the ary Council, was admonished by Dr. first Woman's College in India. We Mott, the reelected Chairman, to see recognized even then the fitness and that this lack was remedied. the ability of Indian women to assume As the question of world-wide co- high positions of leadership. It is no operation was faced and the need ex- new thing to find women of the Orient pressed by the yonger churches for and even in Africa who have given continued help in men and women, "long lives of service worthy to be writ- money, sympathy and prayers from ten with those so marvelously set forth the older or sending churches, the in the Epistle to the Hebrews. It is magnitude of the task ahead pressed especially delightful to be able to an- more and more heavily upon us. The nounce that we have secured as the new areas of life as well as of terri- author and editor of this book, which tory that need to be claimed and in- is to be the climax for our third decade fused with the spirit of Christ, partic- of United Study a popular well-known ularly those areas of industry and in- author, Miss Singmaster. Miss Sing- terracial relations which have been master, who is really Mrs. Lewars, is among the major concerns of our Fed- a member of the Lutheran Church and eration, and the great rural areas of its Woman's Board of Foreign Mis- the world· as .yet but little touched- sions. She has studied mission work these tremendous needs placed over and has met some of the fine repre- against our inadequacy, personal and sentatives who have come to this collective, drove us deeper and deeper country. She will have a wealth of into self-examination, personally and material from all the Boards and will corporately and a profound sense of give the fine literary touch and artistic dependence on the supernatural re- handling which will make it a book for sources of God grew in our hearts. wide circulation and of immense value.

Vomell Delegates and Coopted Members from The Junior book will be written by tlnit~d States and Canada: Miss Helen Calder, Mrs. Seebach, editor of the children's Mrs. R. M. ea vert, Mi.ss Margaret Crutchfipld, magazine of the Lutheran Board. ].[rs. H. E. Goodman, Miss Sara Lyon, Mrs. Here again we have an able writer, 'rhos. Nicholson, Mrs. Harper Sibley (Alte'i'~ one thoroughly qualified to present to boys and girls the lives of boys and IInte), Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, Mrs. Robert Rpeer, )1r8. Chas. W. Williams. ~frs. John R. Mott (Coopted), Mrs. Murray Brooks.

THREE DECADES OF UNITED girls who have made good in their STUDY various countries, and have in their We are happy here to give the an- youth come to know the Boy of Twelve, nouncement for the last book of our who is the model for all boys and girls.

third decade as a United Study Com- As we think over the years and the mittee. The Committee, in conference great writers of our study books we with the Boards, has undertaken to are especially thankful that God has prepare a book for 1930 which will called into this missionary service men give the life stories of our great and women of such eminent ability leaders, Japanese, Chinese, Indian, and that He has allowed us all together African, Korean, and Persian. There to study the work for His cause.- could be no better summing up of re· Mrs. Henry W. Peabody.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND STREET, NEW YORK INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THE PRAYER OF A LONELY Dr. William Pierson Merrill, pas- STUDENT tor of the Brick Presbyterian Church, "Almighty God, our Heavenly Fa- New York City, at an interdenomina- ther, Thou hast made the earth and tional convention of pastors in Ohio the people thereon, white, yellow, red some weeks ago is quoted as having or black, at thy will and they are all said, "If it is just to punish men for good in thy sight. I beseech thee to peace talk in war time, there ought comfort me when I feel like a stran- to be some way of reaching those who ger here; help me to endure perse- indulge in war talk in peace time." cutions ;md scorns, give me wisdom The Ohio Christian News quoting this that I may understand that people said editorially under the caption of whatever complexion are all thy "Peace-time Sedition": children and thou art their Father "Unless 'j¥e really want war, we and Creator."-By a Chinese Student, have no business to talk war-to jug- printed in The Living Church.

gle figures as to comparative strength -to assert that we must have a navy BUILD FRIENDSHIPS FOR NAstrong enough to blow any other navy out of the water. National security TIONAL DEFENSE was never gained by any nation by that method. It is the men who have The National Committee on the talked peace who have brought us Cause and Cure of War has proposed every step of the progress toward a campaign in behalf of the treaty peace that we have been able to make. to renounce war among the Great It is the men who are talking peace Powers. A great movement is sweepto-day who are the real builders of ing over the world to substitute some happiness and security and prosperity form of arbitration for war when disfor America." putes arise between nations. It is the purpose of the Committee to carry Someone has said, "We must plan the news of the Briand-Kellogg nefor peace, and make it as easy as pos- gotiations to as many people as possible to maintain peace, and as stupid sible and to invite them to unite in as possible to wage war." expressions of public opinion support- ing the proposed multilateral treaty And another says, "In time of war renouncing war among the Great the people of a nation bend every en- Powers. (Definitions: A multilateral ergy toward war; in time of peace, treaty is a group treaty signed by all should bend every energy toward several or many nations; a bilateral permanent maintenance of peace." or bi-party treaty is one signed by two nations.) International Relations Publications (15 cents) is a new bibliography pre- The women of the nine organizapared by the World Peace Foundation, tions composing the National Com- 40 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, Mass.

It lists pUblications of forty-one mittee on the Cause and Cure of War, American organizations, with brief while endeavoring to make a demondescription of each publication, so stration of popular opinion in the that one can quickly get some idea United States, have no desire to ex- of its contents. It is very convenient clude from this campaign other in- for those who want to know what is terested organizations or people. All now available in this field. citizens and all organization!! 1!-,e ~1)..~ 667

vited to cooperate in securing the pas- treaty severally with each other to subsage of the following resolution mit their differences to arbitration and, favoring this proposal, at any kind furthermore, thirty of these nations of representative meeting. have absolutely proscribed war each with the other; and The campaign in behalf of the treaty is not confined to the United WHEREAS, The established policy of States. Twenty-three organizations the United States, as instanced notably in Great Britain have united in a in the Root and Bryan treaties, is peacecommittee to conduct a similar move- ,ful settlement of disputes between our ment there. They will plan their work country and other nations, be it through the summer and make a short, intense campaign in the autumn, be- Resolved, That we welcome the corginning with a great public meeting respondence and negotiations now proin Albert Hall, London. They have ceeding between the Great Powers of invited the Committee on the Cause the world-France, Germany, Great and Cure of War to send representa- Britain, Italy, Japan and the United tives from the United States. to speak States-proposing a multilateral treaty at that meeting. It is probable a proscribing war between themselves and similar great meeting will be held engaging by solemn pledges to find in New York and that British speak- peaceful methods of settling any dispute ers will parti<;ipate. The women of arising, and be it further France and Germany are also beginning to move in the same direction. Resolved, That we hereby pledge to this undertaking our earnest and active WILL YOU HELP? support, and urge this and succeeding administrations of the United States per- sistently to prosecute these negotiations until such a treaty is ratified.

Slogan "BUILD FRIENDSHIPS, NOT WAR- SHIPS, FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE"

The Resolution Plan of. ClUIlpaign (Information to be filled in for each meet- State Conferences ing at which the resolution is passed. At every meeting where the resolution is adopted The National Committee invites the four copies should be attested and two of representatives of the nine organizations these Rhould h~ ~iv(ln to. a committee whnst' of which it is composed to call and to duty it will be to take charge of the resolu- hold a conference in each of the fortytions passed witbin the state by the united eight states for the purpose of spreading organizations. TIle other two should be sent public education concerning the proposto Miss Elizabeth Morris. 1010 Grand Central als, their aim and meaning, and to which Terminal Building. New York City.) a resolution may be presented for adop- tion. Adopted at ……………………. . (State character of meetinl!;) Local Conferences By vote of ….. FOR to ….. AGAINST Regional, county, city, town, village, -or UNANIMOUSLY and rural conferences organized with Town or City …. . . . . .. State ……. . the same aim and by the same methods Date ……. . are earnestly urged. Under auspices of ……………… . Other Organizations ( OrganilZation) Chairman of meeting …………… . Resolutions passed by any organiza- Address ………………………. . tion other than one of the nine which Secretary …………………….. . compose the National Committee, and Address ……………….. , ……. . which have been given into the charge of the state committee, should be treated WHEREAS, The rising tide of public in the same manner. opinion throughout the world favors reason not force, arbitration not battles as Branches the means of settling disputes between nations; and Each of the nine organizations is urged to present this resolution for WHEREAS, World opinion is coming to adoption to each of its branches throughregard war as an obsolete, ineffective out the country. Collectively, the nine and uncivilized instrument of national organizations are urged to secure the policy, albeit the institutions of peace passage of the resolution through as are not yet completely agreed upon nor many other gatherings as possible. fully established but are in the process Churches, clubs, forums, men's luncheon of progressive and successful develop- meetings are suitable fields for the conment; and sideration of the resolution.

WHEREAS, Fifty-six of the sixty-four PASS THE NEWS ON! nations of the world have agreed by

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

History of the Proposal sent broadcast for other nations to con- sider the proposal. The press comment April 6, 1927: The French Minister around the world indicates a surprised of Foreign Affairs, M. Briand, an- sense of shock that a definite, official nounced in a speech that a treaty "out- proposal is actually before mankind de- lawing war" between France and the manding attention, that would "outlaw" United States, as a substitute for the war, that is, make it no longer a legal Root treaty about to expire, would be "instrument," and that would drive na- agreeable to France. tions to find other methods if trouble should arise. A minority in any country June 20, 1927: Public opinion having and a majority in some will surely find vigorously supported the idea in both the plan "preposterously idealistic." A countries he presented an official pro- vision of perpetual peace confronts the posal to the Department of State that world! Will nations be too timid, too France and the United States should distrustful, too ambitious to make it a "renounce war as an instrument of pol- reality? The people alone can answer. icy toward each other" and agree to settle by peaceful means any dispute A Few Quotations arising. "If this generation fails to devise December 28, 1927: Secretary Kellogg means for preventing war, it will desaw a shadow in the background of such serve the disaster which surely will ;)e a treaty: the United States might only visited upon it. Later generations wjJJ go to war with the enemies of France; not be likely to act if we fail."–Calvin therefore he returned a counter propos- Coolidge, President of the United State.•. al that France and the United States join in a proposal to all the principal "Everywhere and always France will powers of the world, viz.: France, Ger- remain in the front ranks of the nations many, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, and to maintain peace."-Aristide Briand, the United States, "to renounce war be- French Minister of Foreign Affairs. tween themselves as an instrument of policy." "Who in Europe does not know that one more war in the West and the civili- January 5, 1928: At this point M. zation of the ages will fall with as great Briand saw a possible difficulty. Fifty- a shock as that of Rome?"-Stanley six nations, members of the League of Baldwin, British Prime Minister, 1926. Nations, have agreed to settle their differences by arbitration and are bound The National Committee to unite in punishing any recalcitrant member that violates its pledge and goes The National Committee on the to war. This has never happened; but Cause and Cure of War is composed it might, and France saw a possible of: conflict in her treaty promises. M. Briand therefore made a counter pro- American Association of University posal: that the six Great Powers should Women. not agree to renounce all war, but only war of aggression. Council of Women for Home Missions. Federation of Women's Boards of For- February 28, 1928: By this date the eign Missions of North America. entire world was watching the conver- General Federation of Women's Clubs. sations with astonished interest, as each National Board of the Young Women's great nation drove the other into broad- Christian Associations. er pronouncements. Secretary Kellogg National Council of Jewish Women. asked why it could be possible to re- National League of Women Voters. nounce war between France and the National Woman's Christian Temper- United States if it were not possible to ance Union. do so among a large number. National Women's Trade Un ion League. March 30, 1928: To this query M. Briand replied with a more specific ex- The national office is 1010 Grand planation: that if a war should break Central Terminal Building, New York out between Czecho-Slovakia and Ger- City. Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt is many, or Jugo-Slavia and Italy the Chairman; Miss Elizabeth Morris is Great Powers, except the United States Executive Secretary. which is not a member of the League, would be expected to unite in bringing (Adapted from announcement by the Na~ punishment upon the belligerent mem- tional Committee on the Cause and Cure of ber that had violated her pledge; but War. For informative material regarding the he added, let the treaty not be confined treaty negotiations apply to the World Peace to the six Great Powers, let it include Foundation, 40 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, all the chief nations of the world. 1.fa~s" for its pamphlet-30 cents-of' t() thf' National League of Women Voters, 1010 Grand April 20, 1928: The' discussions rest Central Terminal Bldg" New York City for at this point and invitations have been a briefer digest entitled "The Multilateral Treaty"-5 cents.)

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EUROPE G. H. Morrison said that he had al- ways held that the most important "American-European Fellowship" event in the religious life of Scotland in the last seventy years was the visit T HREE organizations which have of Mr. Moody. He spoke of its im- been at work in Europe, chiefly mediate fruits in the conversion of among Russians and Jews, namely, the multitudes, many of them in the prime Christian Testimony to Jews, the of life and youth, and quoted the late Russian Evangelization Society, and Dr. Alexander Whyte of Edinburgh as the American-European Fellowship, having said to him, "In those days have now merged under the title, "The every second man one met in Princes American-European Fellowship for Street was carrying a Bible in his Christian Oneness and Evangeliza- hand." But, said Dr. Morrison, when tion." A number of missionaries and he remembered the work of the Glasnative workers are laboring in Central gow Association and all that had origand Eastern Europe under the au- inated in the inspiring influence of spices of this society, among them be- Mr. Moody, he felt how still more ing Rev. Paul Mishkoff and helpers wonderfully the fruits had remained. in the earthquake zone of Bulgaria; Rev. and Mrs. R. W. Hill and native Patriotic Bulgarian Girls helpers in Roumania; Rev. Charles Lukesh and Miss Edna Kauffman in T HE students in a Methodist mis- Czechoslovakia; Rev. John Koval- sion school for girls in Bulgaria chuck, Fred Stettler and others, in have sent an ardent appeal for Amer- Poland. Rev. A. Dobrinin in Finland ican sympathy, from which the followis editing a magazine which is being ing is quoted: "It is neither fair nor circulated among Russians in twelve right to label Bulgarians as war countries. A number of Bible schools lovers. No one will ever know the in Europe are assisted by this society, unspeakable suffering that Bulgaria which is also stimUlating the distribu- bore through five hundred long years tion of Bibles and evangelical liter- under the Turks. The heart of Amerature. Its headquarters are at 156 ica went out to Armenia but the Bul- Fifth Ave., New York City, under the garian people bore similar treatment care of Rev. Norman J. Smith, with through five centuries. If we have Col. E. N. Sanctuary as sec'y-treas., had wars they were in the name of and Rev. W. S. Hottel, general director freedom from oppressors who forbade and editor of the missionary organ, us to speak our own language or to recently enlarged, The European worship our God. It was only fifty Harvest Field. years ago that Bulgaria became free of the Turkish yoke and in that time Moody'. Memory in Glasgow AT THE annual meeting of the Glas- we feel that we have made wonderful gow United Evangelistic ASljoci- progress. We have had to build from ation, special tribute was paid to nothing and our schools, churches, Dwight L. Moody, whose evangelistic theatres, universities and cities show campaign in Glasgow in 1874 led to what we have done. We do not wish the formation of the Association. Dr. Americans to praise us or condemn us, 670 but we pray that they may understand ;;hree nationalities on the board of how we are struggling to make a directors. Suspicion and prejudice better Bulgaria." had to be fought, with every meeting conducted in three languages. There "Church Concord" in Hungary was in the beginning a constant spirit of criticism and misunderstanding, I r IS reported from Lutheran sources but now after six years some progress that the 200,000 Protestants in has been made. Not only are the Budapest desire to erect a monument women working together, after generto Luther and another to Calvin, the ations of racial hatreds, but they are first to be located in Deak Place in developing a real feeling of affection front of a Lutheran church, and the for each other. other in Calvin Place before a Reformed church. This simple desire of Religious Chaos in Russia Protestants to honor their historic leaders is not to be granted without a T HE chaotic conditions which prefight. An official Roman Catholic body vail in Russian religious life today has protested on the ground that the are reflected in the contradictory charerection of the monuments would be acter of two reports recently received instrumental in disturbing the present from that country. One, given in the state of church concord. According magazine published by the Moody Bible to Neues Leben, published in Czecho- Institute, states: "The All-Russian slovakia, more than thirty per cent of Evangelical Christian Union, of which the population is Protestant, but the Rev. 1. S. Prokhanoff is president, "church concord would long since have has obtained from the Russian Soviet ceased to exist were the Protestants Government the first permit to print but thirty per cent as intolerant as Bibles in the language of the people. the leaders of Catholicism and the Foreign missionaries and foreignhigh clergy." The Catholic Church in printed Bibles are not admitted to the Hungary is very wealthy, possessing country….. The Soviet Government, a vast amount of property, far in ex- which officially recognizes no religion cess of the property of Protestant and no God, has given to the All-Ruschurches. The Catholics explain this sian Evangelical Christian Union a condition by declaring that it is of very fine piece of land in the heart of divine origin. Leningrad, on which to erect a Bible training institution, provided a large Interracial Y. W. C. A. in La.tvia building is erected in a specified time. The Christian Union has already esr ATVIA after the World War pre- tablished a training school for teach- ers, missionaries and preachers, with L sented a complex problem to the a capacity for seventy-five students, but there is a waiting list of more Young Women's Christian Associa- than six hundred." tion. Crossed repeatedly by contending armies during the war, alternately The second, quoting the periodical the posesssion of Russia and Ger- Antireligiosnik, gives the following as many, desperately poor, with so many the aims of the Soyua Bezbozhnikow men killed that the women have had to (Association of the Godless) : serve both as bread-earners and breadmakers, there remained, in addition to (a) The S. B. is to become a massthis depressing material condition, an organization. (b) Thousands of godless interracial hatred that was over- hamlets and villages are to be created. powering. It became increasingly (c) The method of anti-religious propaclear to the Association that, if it was ganda is to be carefully worked out. going to fulfill its great purpose, it (d) A serious anti-religious literature is must serve the Russians and Germans to be called into being and with it a as well as the Latvian people. The group of anti-religious specialists. first step was to put women of the (e) International relations are to be cultivated and confirmed.

AFRICA Christian speakers, the Bible study classes, and, no less, the social, athletic Mission Schools Like Minarets and educational activities pack the As- sociation with eager Egyptians." Mr. K AMIL EFFENDI MANSOUR, an Smith calls the Cairo building "a Egyptian writing on the subject demonstration center from which the of education in his native land, is Association will spread into every quoted in The Congregationalist as large city and provincial capital of saying: Egypt." Two Egyptian secretaries are now being trained in the Unite:! "When the Christian missionaries States and five more in Cairo. The first entered our country the true light work at Alexandria will be resumed of education started to shine upon us. this fall. But we refused in the beginning to go to any Christian school for fear of Abyssinian Boy Preachers having our religious beliefs changed. So for some time only Christian Egyp- THE most encouraging part of the tians profited from the teaching, with work of the United Presbyterian the result that they were able to hold Church in Gorei, Abyssinia, according almost all the government offices until to one correspondent, is "the way the the Moslems began to have more con- boys, large and small, are carrying the fidence in these mission schools, and Gospel to their own people. Every Frisent their boys and girls to them in day afternoon Miss Bayne has her class large numbers. Now they often prefer of juniors out on one of the roads leadthese Christian schools even to gov- ing into Gorei, where a meeting is ernment schools, for they have found held at any house that will welcome out that these schools care more fo r them. Usually the master of the house moral and spiritual instruction, es- is asked to call in his friends, and then pecially the schools for girls. Thus, the boys, ranging from nine to twelve until popular education was introdu~ed years of age, hold their services led by by the Government, these mission Miss Bayne. Immediately after mornschools were like Christian minarets ing service the older boys start out to our country." for an afternoon of preaching. Since the :first of the year the number of Y. M. C. A. Success in Egypt people reached each week has not dropped below three hundred. This I N THE lands where Jesus as a boy past month 1,491 were reached with and man lived and worked-Pales- the Gospel by the Sabbath teams and tine and Egypt-the Y. M. C. A. today this past Sabbath 449 were in the is meeting a great need. "In Egypt, meetings. About twenty boys go out especially," says a recent report, "is in groups of two, three or four. They stalwart manhood being built by the circle the hill, stopping in villages Association in a nation which is where people are willing to listen. weighed down by the blight of illiter- Special centers have developed where acy on ninety-two per cent of its people gather each week." people and by a great gulf in thought between the intelligentsia and the Ba.ptisms in Southern Sudan masses. Under the guidance of Wilbert B. Smith, an American, the Cairo AT MERIDI, one of the stations of Central Y. M. C. A. was launched in .tl.the Church Missionary Society in 1923 in the former palace of His Ex- the Southern Sudan, great rejoicing cellency Nubar Pasha, former prime took place recently, when a large minister of Egypt. In a city which is crowd assembled on the river banks the intellectual center of the Moslem for the first baptismal service, and world, as the seat of Al Azhar Uni- five young men and one woman were versity, the Y. M. C. A.'s free dis- admitted to the church. Before being cussions of religious problems, the actually baptized the converts turned opportunities it offers to hear noted

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to their respective relatives and stated first courses for higher education in- that they were separating themselves troduced in Inanda have been well from all heathen customs, and that at supported. Of the two hundred girls their death they did ~ot wish "medi- enrolled, one quarter take industrial cine" to be put on their graves, or training, twenty-five hours a week; that their bodies should be taken away one quarter are in what would corre· from the Christians. "It is a joy," spond roughly with academic high reports a missionary, "to see such bold school courses; and a half are taking witnessing for Christ." Another the national normal high school train- hopeful sign in this district is the ing. The enrollment has doubled opening in the near future of three since Miss Margaret Walbridge, the new out-schools in villages near, these present principal, took charge. Her to be in charge of three keen Christian specialties are the training of indus- boys. trial teachers, and home economics adapted to the needs of African life.

Native Rites an Obstaele Since she has been at Inanda, the staff THE story of a young African chief, of the industrial department has in- who gave up his chieftainship creased from one native teacher to rather than abandon any of his Chris- five. When Dr. Mabel Carney of tian principles, is told by Dr. Arthur Teachers' College, New York City, L. Piper, Methodist medical mission- visited the Seminary about a year ago, ary in the Belgian Congo, who con- she spoke of it as one of the outstandtinues ; "We have had a tense problem ing educational forces in Africa, esto face in the question of Kwikala, one pecially in its influence on the womanof the rites this Christian chief re- hood of the whole section.

fused to follow, which has been facing South African Conference the native church, the missionaries, and the government officials for two WITH its general subject "The years. It consists in snapping the Reintegration of Native Life on a fingers in a certain way before a chief Christian Basis," the Triennial Genwhen you come near him, or especially eral Missionary Conference of South when you are required to serve him Africa was held at the adjoining infood, or otherwise wait upon him. It stitutions of Lovedale and Fort Hare, shows respect to the chief, but it also Victoria East, Cape ~rovince, from means acknowledging the chief as June 26th to 29th. The opening of the your supreme being. The native discussions was largely in the hands Christians have refused to follow this of speakers who attended the conferlong·established custom, and many ence on Africa held last summer at have been severely punished by their Le Zoute, Belgium, and the closing chiefs for their neglect. Our Chris- debates were led by speakers newly tians insist on the right of religious returned from the International Misliberty, whereas the chiefs insist upon sionary Conference at Jerusalem. The the kwikala. The Government and announcement· of the conference the missionaries, have so far been un- stated; "It is generally recognized able really to settle the problem." that the old social and religious life of the native peoples in South Africa Training Zulu HOD1e Makers is in the process of unbounded dis- integration. The situation is of such THE government director of educa- gravity as calls for, in the words of tion for South Africa has decided Rev. J. H. Oldham, 'an outburst of new to make Inanda Seminary, established forces comparable to the breaking in Zululand by American Board mis- forth of fresh life in the Church, more sionaries sixty years ago, the center for than a century ago, which led to the the first of the experimental stations birth of the missionary societies which in industrial teacher training. The we represent.' "

5

THE NEAR EAST phasized by the concession that the Robert Wilder's New Field imprisonment might take place in the I T HAS been announced in the RE- mission school at Brousa, the three VIEW that Robert P. Wilder who ladies being confined merely to the is best known in the United States grounds of the school." The case has and Great Britain through his rela- been appealed to a higher court, tions with the Student Volunteer where, the state having been complete- Movement, had accepted the position ly secularized in Turkey by constituof Executive Secretary, with head- tional provision since the alleged ofquarters in Cairo, of a new organi- fense at the Brousa school took place, zation' The Christian Council for most people feel that an entirely new Western Asia and Northern Africa. construction may be put upon the Further information about his work whole matter.

will be of interest to Mr. Wilder's Religious Freedom in Palestine many friends: The field of the Council includes the following countries: ONE of the most significant results Morocco, and Mauretania, Algeria, of the British mandate in Pales- Tunisia, Tripolitania, Egypt, the Su- tine is the fact that the British Govdan, Abyssinia, Palestine, Syria, Tur- ernment has passed a law which allows key, Cyprus, Greece, A I ban i a, a Moslem to become a Christian if Yugo-Slavia, Roumania, B u I gar i a, he so desires. During the past six Trans-Caucasia, Iraq, Persia, and years eight or nine Mohammedans Arabia. These lands represent a total have been baptized in Jerusalem, but population of about 135,000,000, of the work among them and the Jews whom approximately 70,000,000 are continue to be difficult. There is as Moslems, nearly all of whom speak yet not much evidence of the beginthe Arabic language. Within this nings of a religious awakening within area is Mecca, the religious center of the Greek Orthodox Church in Pales- Islam, and Cairo, which is the intel- tine. The higher clergy are mostly lectual center of Islam. There are from Greece. The most significant working in this field over one hundred movement is taking place just now Protestant missionary societies, with in a Galilee village where forty Monearly 1,600 missionaries connected hammedan families-about 110 indiwith them. . viduals-are enrolled as enquirers for Christian baptism. Even though con- Verdict of Brous& Conrt siderable land has been offered to them by leading Moslems if they do not T HE trial of the Misses Sanderson, leave Islam, they still persist in main- Day and Jilson, three American taining their purpose to become Chris- Congregational teachers in Turkey, tians. for alleged violations of the law against classroom instruction in re- Persian Schools ReopeJl ligious matters was not only referred T HE new Persian law which, by to in the March REVIEW, but has been forbidding the teaching of the Biwidely reported in the daily papers. ble and requiring the teaching of the The verdict of the lower court, about Moslem law in all schools made the May 1st, was "Guilty" and the pen- carrying on of missionary schools alty was imprisonment for three days practically impossible, was reported in and a fine of three lira each (about the April REVIEW. The Church Mis- $13.00) . sionary Society, which is at work in "There is every evidence," says The southern Persia on terms of close fel- Potters Wheel, "that the judge felt lowship with the American Presby- compelled to take some action on ac- terians in the north, reported later in count of the sentiment aroused. But the spring: "The Minister of Educa- the lightness of the sentence is em- tion responsible for that law has re-

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signed and his successor and those "Near Slavery" in India associated with him are not enforcing it, but instead have stated that from T HIS is the term often applied to June first all schools must give secular the condition of the depressed instruction only, thus excluding the classes in India, of whom The Indian Bible, Koran, and Shari'yat alike. If 'Witness says: "There is, as yet, no it is possible for the Bible to be taught province in India, so far as we are out of school hours, as in Japan, and aware, where their elementary rights for Christian hostels to be carried on, are fully protected. Even where the a strong, clear witness can stilI be intention of the law is to protect these given in the country." Confirmation of classe's from injustice, the processes this more liberal attitude was received of the law are expensive and the preda- by the Presbyterian Board of Foreign tory classes are able to defeat it." Missions when it was informed re- In its annual meetings in 1927 and cently by the Division of Near East- 1928 the United Provinces Christian ern Affairs of the Department of State Council expressed itself as gravely in Washington that mission schools concerned over the relations between in Hamadan and Daulatabad, Persia, the depressed classes and "those who which were closed by order of the have social and economic power over Persian Government, have been reop- them," and asked the National Chris- ened. tian Council to arrange for an inquiry into "the forms of oppression or of INDIA AND SIAM social and economic subservience" un- der which these large sections of the School for Afghan Girls Indian people suffer.

T HE recent visit to Europe of the The wrongs specified as needing in- Amir of Afghanistan and his wife vestigation are forced, underpaid labor, provided a great deal of "copy" for enforced gifts, hindrances to agricultural newspaper reporters, and also gave improvements, bribery, deprival of ten- new zest to the prayers of those who ancy rights, the impossibility of securing for many years have realized that Af- land, serfdom imposed by debts, depriva- ghanistan is still unoccupied by any tion of hereditary rights, denial of water missionary of the Cross. An inter- rights, hindrances to attendance at view reported to have been given by schools and restriction of freedom of the queen while in Brussels to a repre- conscience and religion. sentative of the Chicago Tribune, is thus quoted: "'I am the first woman Wonten's Conference in Lahore in Afghanistan to work for the eman- cipation of the women of my country AN EDUCATIONAL conference held and for women's education,' her maj- ftin the Y. W. C. A. building in esty said. 'I collaborate from afar in Lahore, the capital of the Punjab, is the great work of women's progress thus described by Mrs. John B. Weir: in the world.' The queen explained "It was attended by Indian women, that she had founded the first girls' some of more education and some of school in Afghanistan and told of the less; English women interested in ed- fierce resistance the idea met from old- ucational advancement, and American fashioned Mohammedans. A revolt women, most of them missionaries, ac- broke out, but it was firmly suppressed tually engaged in some form of wom- by the king. A memorial stone at en's work. The chairman was an Kabul commemorates the battle fought English lady. The opening address for women's educational freedom. 'At was given by the Rani of Mandi, that present,' she continued, 'eight hun- is, a princess of a native state. The dred girls are enrolled in this school address was thoughtful and full of and are reared like European girls. the ideas of a new day for women. My mother directs the school and I Resolutions had previously bee n , help her as far as I can.' " brought forward by various people, and the discussion waxed strong on some of them, such as on the question

of the proper marriageable age for to me one day. 'Oh, we are out to girls. I thought back to nine years convert you to Christianity,' said I. ago, when I first came to India. At 'Well you are sure to succeed if you that time such a conference would keep up your zeal and enthusiasm for have been practically impossible." a little longer time,' replied the man. The week was ended by a procession South Indian Mass Movement of the Christians through the main streets of the city. Banners with MUCH has been written of the mass striking verses were made for the oc- movement to Christianity among casion. The non-Christians requested the outcaste people in the territory in us to stop in front of their shops and North India where the American sing Christian bhajans to them." Methodist Episcopal Church is at work. Less is known in the United Unite to Win Bena.res Pilgrims States of a similar movement in South India, concerning which a representa- REPORTS have come from India of tive of the Church Missionary Society an united effort among English writes: "In our area alone 30,000 missionaries to reach Benares pilgrims converts have been won between 1921 with the Gospel. Representatives of and 1927, and 43,000 since 1916. It the Church and the London Missionary took seventy-five years to win the first Societies have joined with a commitfifty thousand, but little more than tee of the Wesleyan Ministers' Misfive years to win the next fifty thou- sionary Union in the determination sand. About half the outcastes in that something effective shall be atthis area have thus been won in the tempted to influence the crowds of last eighty years. The remaining half pilgrims who come to Benares in the probably can be won in the next five search for merit in the temples or years. Under the able leadership of salvation from their sins in "Mother Bishop Azariah the work has been Ganges" water. The first missionary thoroughly organized and Indianized. to lead this new united campaign will Indians are filling posts of a kind be the Rev. J. C. Jackson of the L. M. once reserved for Europeans. A di- S., a man said to be powerful in the vinity school has been opened during vernacular and versed in Hindu ways the last five years. There are nearly and thought. Around him it is hoped 1,000 day schools at work with a total to gather Indian Christian workers of over 21,000 scholars, and in addi- from the various language areas of tion to these 150 night schools have India so that the polyglot crowd of been opened." pilgrims who flock to Benares may hear there "in their own tongue" the A Stirring Week in Ludhia.na. story of a Real Saviour. Benares city has a population of over two hun- THE Punjab Christian Council ap- dred thousand people, not counting pointed a week in the spring for the hundreds of thousands of pilgrims a special evangelistic campaign, pre- who merely pass through. ceded by a week of preparation. The effort made in Ludhiana is thus des- Child Mothers in India. To-da.y cribed by Rev. B. C. Ishwardas in The Indian Standard: "The entire T HERE are already in India, acchurch community was divided into cording to census figures, about fifteen preaching bands. Special care twelve million Indian wives who are was taken that every important lo- under fifteen years of age, about 300,- cality in the city was visited by some 000 being under the age of five. With group or other. Very soon there was so many as twelve million little girls commotion and excitement in the city. in India in the position of becoming 'What has gone wrong with you Chris- mothers, many of whom are mothers, tians?' said a leading Arya Samajist no wonder the Indian race has such

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an uphill battle in life. This is not nese Christian Church looks upon the taking into account the 396,556 Indian anti-Christian movement as a healthwidows who are under fifteen years giving and corrective influence to be old, over fifteen thousand of these be- used for the perfection of her life. ing under five years of age. And She regards, therefore, some of the yet in face of appalling facts like anti-Christian leaders not as her enethese, the All-India Legislative As- mies but as her friends." sembly at Delhi, on March 24th, refused to raise "the age of consent" Loyalty of Chinese Wom.en from twelve years, the low figure at which it has stood for a generation, WRITING two weeks after her rethe age being raised from ten in 1891 turn to Hwai Yuen, Anhwei after a tremendous storm. "This re- Province, Miss H. R. McCurdy said: fusal of the Assembly, supposed to "Such a beautiful welcome was waitrepresent the opinion of the whole of ing for us from Christians and out- India, will unquestionably do India siders alike. The children on the irreparable harm," says the Dnyano- street came running to hold our hands. daya, "in the eyes of the modern world. All of the first few days and much Here is India, or at least its intelli- of the time Bince has been Bpent in gent section, shouting itself hoarse receiving visits and in feasts of welover its rights and privileges in the come. The women came and poured democratic civilization of this twen- out their hearts in telling the history tieth century, and a vote of 54 to 36 of the year's terrors and dangers. But ensuring a continuance of girl-moth- the one dominant note was of praise erhood is received with applause from to God for His goodness in bringing the 'orthodox' portion of the Assem- them safely through …… After seebly." While the bill was pending, the ing the unspeakable filth of the empty Women's Indian Association addressed shells of foreign houses which were to the Assembly a stirring petition, occupied and looted by soldiers, I am urging the abolition of child mother- still more thankful for the courage hood, not only in order to give India and loyalty of Miss Liu and Mrs. Ling her place among civilized nations, but which enabled us to live again in our also the custom was not sanctioned perfectly preserved home. When I by the Vedas. tried to thank them they answered, 'But this is God's grace alone. We CHINA AND TIBET could not have done it otherwise. Were not many people praying for us? Enemies Friends in Disguise Was not the church in America pray- ing for us?' " DR. CHENG CHING YI, moderator of the new united Church of Ohinese Church Autonomy Christ in China, is quoted in The Congregationalist as follows: "In gen- REPORTS from the missions of vaeral, the attitude of the Chinese rious denominations in China in- Church at large is somewhat as fol- dicate the increased control which is lows: Toward those who oppose her being taken over by the Chinese Chriswith unreasoning blindness and sheer tians. At the General Synod meeting prejudice, she maintains a silent and of the Protestant Episcopal Church patient forbearance; to those who at- in Shanghai there were twelve bishtack her because of misunderstanding, ops, two of them Chinese, and sixtyshe seeks to explain her position and six clerical and lay del ega t e s, remove the misunderstanding; such fifty-five Chinese. Eight delegates charges against organized Christian- were women, five Chinese and three ity as are well-founded and true, she foreign. The House of Deputies had frankly admits and sets about to re- a Chinese chairman and secretary, for move by effecting the necessary change the first time, and it is said that this and improvement. In short, the Chi-

demonstration of Chinese leadership in perfect peace and quietness, and in the excellent handling of business has given us to see the largest fruitwas one of the achievements of the age of all our years of labor among synod. Following the announcement the aborigines in southwest China." He describes the first baptisms among of independence by the Chinese Bap- this tribe in the district. For several months previously, two evangelists, tists in South China came the action Isaac and Paul, assisted by another part-time helper named John, who is in West China by which the control an expert Lahu speaker, had been ex- amining the candidates for baptism of the American Baptist Mission there and enrolling their names. Every per- son was given a separate examination was taken over by the Chinese on May as to his faith in Christ, and also 1st. Rev. Joseph Taylor, D.D., of inquiry was made as to his conduct Chengtu reports: during the year and a half he had been a Christian. Each person was given In each central station an executive a ticket after his or her baptism had been decided upon. In all 347 people committee was formed to take over the were baptized and a church was or- ganized. work and the funds. In stations where Distributing Chinese Testameab missionaries remained at least one was GEORGE T. B. DAVIS, who has included in this executive body. These been conducting the "Million Tes- taments for China Campaign," reports committees have undertaken their work that, in spite of civil war, lack of transportation facilities, anti-Chrisin a spirit of loyalty and with a keen tian propaganda, and the absence of sense of responsibility. ' many missionaries, the work of cir- culating the Testaments has gone Developing La,. Leadership steadily forward. Thus far over 600,- 000 have been sent to missionaries, REV. RICHARD E. JENNESS, pastors, and other workers for wise Presbyterian missionary, has and careful distribution. Hermann been staying in Paoting, North China, Becker, of Hunan Province, previously during his enforced absence from his requested 8,000 Testaments for his own station, Shunteh. During the large district with 1,500,000 populawinter he and' a fellow-missionary vis- tion. Now he desires 25,000 copies. ited their former country field, of He writes: which he reports: "The country Christians welcomed us cordially ev- The first 1,000 Testaments have been erywhere. As a new departure the given away in this city. The blessing country evangelists have been organ- received far exceeds our expectations. ized into an evangelistic band under The Christians are more than ever readthe leadership of Pastor Liu. This ing their Bibles. Our meetings are full band goes about from town to town of those who are wanting to learn more and from village to village, spending about Christ. Many have decided for a week or two in each place holding Christ, and have given their names as evangelistic services. In the centers inquirers. When we have received more where they used to be permanently Testaments, we shall start at our eleven located, the local Christians have as- out-stations. sumed responsibility for the Sunday and mid-week services, taking turn When the soldiers had to retreat, they about in leading. Thus we are trying forced the people to carry their goods. to develop lay leaders and preachers. One of the Christians were taken. He The people are responding well to this said: "I am a Christian." The soldiers plan." A class was ,held for a month said: "How can you prove it?" He took early in the year for the training of his small Testament out of his pocket those preachers. and the soldiers let him go.

BaptisDls ADlong the Lahu T HE China Inland Mission in Yun- nan Province have been carrying on work among the Lahu people, of which Rev. Carl G. Gowman writes: "God in His goodness and grace has allowed the work here to go forward

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Lutheran Church in China patrons. 'Christians give fair meas- AT PRESENT a chain of eighteen ure when you buy of them,' the barber clinched his argument. And the misi'l.Lutheran missions extends from sionary, who had thought that he alone Kwangtung in the south, through the would have a good word to say for central provinces of Hunan, Hupeh and his faith found instead that everyone Honan to Shangtung in the north- excepting the man who started the east, where the former North Berlin, discussion had a hearty respect for now the United Lutheran Church Mis- Christianity as he had seen it pracsion is located. Manchuria is the field ticed in Japan." of the Danish Mission Society. Of these eighteen missions, four are German, two Swedish, three Norwegian, Value of a. One-Sen Book A one Finnish, one Danish, and seven LETTER received recently by Rev. D. Norman, missionary of the American. (In this enumeration, the missions from Germany, Sweden and United Church of Canada in Nagano, Norway that are affiliated with the Japan, told the following story: "One China Inland Mission are not in-· day I saw you and others preaching cluded.) After many years of prepar- on the main street of the city. Though atory work, in 1920 a confederation I hate Christianity, my heart was filled of five mission synods was effected. with wonder at your zeal. You asked Thus was organized "The Lutheran the people to buy gospels at one sen Church of China." Other mission syn- a copy. I bought a copy of Matthew.

ods joined later or have indicated their Next evening I bought Mark and Luke.

desire so to do. An organization has I said to myself: 'Surely there must thus been established which gives the be something in it, he stands there Chinese Lutheran Church an oppor- night after night with smiling face tunity to function, both in regard to and offers us the books and his reli- self-government and self-support. The gion. It cannot be for the sake of a total number of baptized adherents few sen. He comes from a far-off is about 52,000. land.' These three ideas remained in my mind as I read the books-a for- JAPAN-KOREA eigner with a smiling face, a scholar In a Japanese Barber Shop from a far-off land, and a book for ACONVERSATION among the cus- one sen. It was the turning point in tomers waiting their turn in a my life. I entered the better and barber shop in a Japanese city, is thus happier Christian way."

reported by a missionary who was one of them: "Someone began a tirade Japanese WO:mCll in Politics O against Christianity. No true Japa- NE point of view of the "new wom- en" in Japan is shown in these nese could follow a foreign religion like that; no one who respected the statements quoted from Japanese Emperor could adopt a religion which newspapers: Madame Yoshioka says: put another allegiance ahead of every "Men fail in governing the country patriot's duty to the ruler of Japan. because they are impractical. Women, Besides, everyone knew that this re- on the other hand, have a practical ligion was only a cloak for Western outlook on life and try to solve its imperialism. A protesting Japanese problems accordingly. As long as the voice interrupted and asked him where affairs of our country are administered he got his information. A second by men, real prosperity can never be joined in with what he knew to the realized. We women hope to do our credit of Christians. The barber added share when the time comes to lead his tale of the Buddhist merchant who our country to the right road that added the weight of his thumb to the leads to happiness." Madame Hideko goods he was weighing out for his Inouye, president of the Japan Wom-

en's University, Tokyo, who is also good looks, with one stiff hand but head of its alumnlE association with no other deformity, appeared at the two thousand members, agrees with missionary's door to say that he was Madame Wakako Yamada that all po- that man on his way back home, and litical actions should have for their that he stopped en route to express direct object the properity and hap- his gratitude. He drew down his piness of the entire nation. Accord- stockings to show where the numer- ingly, immediate problems of life, ous ulcers had been, now only scars.

such as the price of commodities and No ordinary observer would suspect excise taxes, must be settled in such that he had ever been a leper. He a way that the prosperity of the peo- said: "Not only for the healing of ple is guaranteed. my body am I thankful, but I found the Saviour at the asylum, am cleansed Bibles for Oriental Travelers from sin as well, and am returning AT THE request of Samuel R. Boggs, home to teach all the lepers I meet f t then president of the National how to be cured, and to tell my people Gideons Association, Rev. M. L. Swine- of the Gospel."-Record of Christian hart, Southern Methodist missionary Work.

in Kwangju, Korea, undertook to di- rect a campaign in Japan and China Korean Fasting Societies F looking to· the placing of Bibles in RESH proof of the devotion of Ko- rean Christians is found in the the guest rooms of hotels. As a result of this campaign 2,000 Bibles, about story of an American Methodist mis- half in English and the balance in sionary in Yengpyen, who tells how Japanese and Korean, have been placed some five years ago the Christians in the guest rooms of these hotels. there organized fasting bands all over These cost an average of $1.00 each. the district, and each Sunday noon Capt. Robert Dollar, president of the they fast and pray for the boys'

Dollar Steamship Line, is very much school. He continues: "To-day when interested in this work, and in addi- the time comes for the collection they tion to placing a Bible in each cabin bring forth the little bags represent- of his fleet of steamers, he provides ing the rice they would otherwise have free transportation for all Bibles sent eaten that noon. That rice goes into to the Orient, and recently urged that the box in the corner, and when the a campaign in the Orient, the Straits box is filled it is sold and the proceeds 'Settlement and the Near East be un- go to help pay the expenses of the dertaken, to which he agreed to make school . . . . . . Fasting societies are all a very substantial contribution. Mr. too common in Korea. In a land where Swinehart says that Capt. Dollar re- the average farm is less than three ports an average of twelve Bibles lost acres per family and where ninety per on each of the round-the-world trips cent of the people live by farming, of his steamers, but he would be glad money is not plentiful. And so when to replace everyone each trip, for, a new church is to be erected or an he says, "Anyone who steals a Bible old one repaired or when a new school wants it, and that is what I place them is needed, the local Christians are al- in the cabins of my ships for." most sure to adopt the plan of fasting one meal a week to help raise the A Leper Doubly Cleansed needed funds."

T WO years ago a horribly dirty leper came to a missionary's door at Korean "Church Rice Bags" R Chungju, Korea, asking alms. He re- EV. CHARLES A. SAUER, Meth- odist Episcopal missionary in ceived travel expenses and a letter of introduction-containing a promisory Yengpyen, Korea, writes of a report note—to the leper asylum at Kwangju. received from a Korean district sup- Recently a clean Korean of average erintendent: "He mentions one poor

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circuit as having made an increase other extreme and eliminating alto- in its annual contribution for min- gether the religious idea from the isterial support as well as benevol- curriculum. There should have been ences. I wonder how they can do it. provided a method of transition . . .

But he explains. At each home the The change to purely secular educa- mother places on the wall a bag tion was too sudden . . . As a result marked with her name. Each day as . . . the mistaken impression prevails she prepares the daily meals she takes that the American people are not re- from the bowl of rice normally allotted ligious-a nation indifferent to Chris- to each person one spoonful of un- tianity."

cooked rice which goes into that bag on the wall. On Sunday morning that Two Filipinos' Offering bag goes to church and finds its place T WO men, members of the church in the 'collection' box near the door. in the town of Bay, Laguna, in the It is the contribution of her family Philippines, recently visited a Presand herself for the support of the byterian missionary, who writes of church-taken from the food they them: "The church in their town has would otherwise have eaten. The rice become scattered and broken up, due is later sold and the bag returned to to the falling into sin of the president its place on Monday morning for its of the congregation. No services have daily portions throughout another been held for more than a year. But week. The church treasurer credits these two men have never forgotten each with the proceeds of its 'contri- their privileges and obligations. They bution.' " have read their Bibles in their homes ISLANDS OF THE SEA and they have had their family prayers. Every year they have Need of Filipino Students brought some little offering to the writer, to express their interest in I N EMPHASIZING the importance the work of Christ's Church. They in the Philippines of student hos- are poor men, day laborers, dependent tels and other centers under evan- on their scant wage for the support gelical auspices, Rev. J. L. Underwood of themselves and their families. But quotes the following from a speech by here they came, each with a package Dean Bocobo, of the Law School in wrapped up in newspaper. Oneman's Manila: "The Filipino is losing his offering amounted to $7.50 and that faith in God. In spite of the fanati- of the other to $9. That may not seem cism and superstition which enslaved much to friends at home. But most the Filipino conscience during the church members with regular services Spanish regime, it is undeniable that and the stimulus of constant preachhe believed in the eternal truth of ing and organized life, give less an- Christian principles, and he ordered nually than the smaller amount for his life accordingly . .. But just as the Church as a whole. I knew the the Filipino was blinded by the dark- sacrifice represented the times when ness of ecclesiastical dogma under they must have been sorely tempted Spanish rule, he is also spiritually to go to the place of the little saving blinded by the dazzling light of new for something for the family needs." ideas under the American regime. One of the main causes for present irreverence is the bungling and illadvised policy of proscribing God Honolulu Y. W. C. A. Service H from the public schools. When the ONOLULU has a Young Women's Christian Association that serves principle of freedom of worship was inaugurated and the American Gov- girls of twelve nationalities. A series ernment first laid down its educational of "at homes" at which girls of each policies here, the great blunder was nationality were in turn hostesses was made Of suddenly swinging to the a recent feature. Honolulu has be-

come so Americanized that its Y. W. Denominations Communicants Gains C. A. is a typical big-city Association corresponding to one in New York Roman Catholic … 16,735,691 174,889 or Chicago says Miss Lucie Ford, its Methodist Episcopal 4,592,004 46,138 General Secretary. Six thousand people use the building monthly. The Southern Baptist.. 3,765,001 57,478 new building is an imposing one with its pool, terraces, and loggias, set in National B a p ti s t a picturesque setting of palm and cocoanut trees opposite the Palace. (Col.) ……… 3,253,369 d57,600 Girl stowaways from the United Methodist Episcopal, States not infrequently come to find work in Honolulu on their way around South …•…… 2,567,962 29,651 the world. Miss Ford said recently: Presbyterian, U. S. "Two such girls were Stanford University graduates. They finally got A…………. . 1,885,727 17,672 work after long looking and borrow- Disciples of Christ ing money. Our own girls, however, 1,481,376 44,801 feel a little resentful toward girls of Northern Baptist .. 1,392,820 18,132 this type. It does not seem fair to Protestant Episcopal 1,190,938 beat one's Wqy and then expect help Congregationalists . 17,259 because of the spectacular method." 914,698 NORTH AMERICA T"Completing the Reformation" HIS is the slogan adopted for its Church Membership Gains official declaration by the General Committee of the Men's Church League ALTHOUGH it was reported earlier of the United States and Canada at its annual meeting on June 15, 1928. .tl. that 3,269 Presbyterian churches, This declaration reads: "The supreme need of twentieth century Christianity 3,474 Baptist churches, 1,841 Congre- is personal devotion to Christ, togational churches, and 4,651 Meth- gether with full participation by lay odist Episcopal churches failed to re- members of the Church in all of its port a single convert on profession of plans and work. The Reformation faith in 1927, the church census pre- made history through its insistence pared by Dr. H. K. Carroll and pub- upon every Christian's direct access lished in The Christian Herald shows by faith to God in Christ. The work that the churches of the United States begun by the Reformation can be comgained 573,723 members last year, pleted only by the recognition of permaking the total number of communi- sonal responsibility by each Christian cants 48,594,163. The 1927 gain is to carry out the commission and prolarger than that in 1926, when, ac- gram of Christ. The community, the cording to this census, the increase nation and the world wait for laymen was about 490,000. The returns for to be such Christians as reveal Christ ministers and churches in the various to others and thus enable Him to bedenominations, says Dr. Carroll, show come the Saviour of the world . . . noteworthy decreases. There is a net We declare ourselves unqualifiedly in loss of 1,387 in the number of min- favor of visitation evangelism. With isters, which now stands at 217,204, equal emphasis, we urge that the while the number of churches has de- largest possible number of church creased to 235,991- or 1,470 fewer members be organized into small disthan last year. "This," he says, trict groups to cultivate intensively a "would indicate that the process of limited area." consolidation is assuming larger proportions." Dr. Carroll's table of the Conference of New Missionaries ten largest bodies follows, the Colored Baptists showing a decrease: T HE spirit of oneness in Christ, which was so in evidence at the Jerusalem meeting of the Interna- tional Missionary Council, found fresh expression which holds great hope for the Church of the future in a conference of newly-appointed mis- sionaries, held on the campus of Princeton Theological Seminary from

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June 5th to 10th. This gathering offerings to the Presbyterian Hos- had been arranged for by the Boards pital, San Juan, Porto Rico. The of Foreign Missions of the· Presby- children in a neighborhood house that terian Church in the U. S. A., the reaches mainly Jewish boys and girls Methodist Episcopal Church and the are helping an Indian and a Chinese Reformed Church in America, and the boy through school."

American Baptist Foreign Mission- ary Society. Leading board secre- Problems of Indian Youth taries and returned missionaries of T HE problems of American-born these four denominations were pres- Japanese young people were reent as presiding officers and speakers, ferred to in the July REVIEW. Anand a daily vesper service was con- other American citizen in difficulty ducted by Rev. J. Ross Stevenson, because of his relationship with two D.D., President of Princeton Sem- civilizations is the Indian youth, who inary. Two hours of each day were stands between the old civilization of given to a course in phonetics as a his parents and the new civilization of general preparation for language the white man, and belongs to neither. study. The new missionaries present, In the school he has gone ahead learnforty-five of whom were Presby- ing new things about which his terians, eleven Baptists, ten Method- family does not even dream. He longs ists, and three Reformed, were under to go forward to accomplish his share appointment to Africa, China, India, in this marvelous new life that is Japan, Korea, Latin America includ- opening before him. And yet, he has ing Brazil, Chile and Mexico, Persia, been taught to reverence the tradi- Siam, and Syria. tions and the wisdom of his ancestors.

What is he to do? Education has Children'. Gift.. to Others brought to the Indian young people T HE following incidents, reported new ambitions and new opportunities, by the Presbyterian Board of Na- and every year graduates from the more advanced schools are going back tional Missions, show how the founda- to the Indian country as teachers, nurses, home builders. Others are gotions of interracial friendship, as well ing out into the white communities to as of Christian generosity, are being earn a livelihood at the same jobs laid in some of the schools conducted and on the same footing as their white by that board: "When their 'Jesus neighbors. They are building new re- Bank' was opened and the boys and sources within themselves, new indegirls of Haines House, Alaska, found pendence, new hope. Some mission ten dollars in it, they immediately stations are becoming interested in asked that this go to the little Chinese community programs for the young children in Ming Quong Home, Oak- Indians on the reservations. This land, Calif., of whom their house- means a new and wholesome social mother had told them after her visit life for returned students and young there. The Friendly Indian Club of married couples. the Chemawa Indian Government School, Salem, Oregon, by saving their dues of one cent a week, accumulated nearly two dollars which Nine Fa.cts About Mormonism T they agreed should go as a Christmas HE Utah Gospel Mission sum- marizes as follows the conditions gift to some Indian boy less fortunate than they. After due deliberation in one home mission field: they decided to send this to a Navajo (1) There are now over 600,000 Mor- boy at Ganado Mission. The Junior mons, of the two main kinds–about Christian Endeavor Society at Chacon, equally dangerous. (2) About 122,000 New Mexico, composed of boys ~nd square miles of territory are dominated girls of Spanish descent, send their by Utah Mormonism, besides many smaller centers elsewhere, into which

they spread. (3) Utah Mormonism has president of the Seminary of Rio over 2,000 emissaries out proselyting, Piedras, and Dr. J. W. Harris, presiorganized with officers in eleven districts dent of 'the Polytechnic Institute, are of this country and several across the members of the presbytery, but enwater. (4) These emissaries teach un- gaged in educational work entirely. true and often wicked doctrines, all contrary to the Bible and reason, and dan- The Trinidad Mission Jubilee gerous in their effects. (5) They get approximately 10,000 proselytes from SIXTY years ago the Canadian our present or past church members, Presbyterian Church began work yearly, doing each one perhaps irrepar- in the island of Trinidad, just north able damage. (6) Mormonism has of the coast of South America. Todoubled in twenty-nve years; largely day, there are twenty-three missionbeca,use we have not taken care of our aries, fifty-eight Indian Christian own people and others by informing workers and twelve organized churches them as we could easily have done. with 2,024 communicants. In the 106 (7) The only real cure is teaching the Sunday-schools there are 5,568 pupils Mormon people the true gospel and Bible and in the 78 day-schools there are beliefs in place of their system of errors; 18,768 pupils. They also conduct two and outside, warning everybody intelli- high schools, a teacher training colgently about Mormonism as a false re- lege and a theological seminary with ligion. (8) Mormons are trained twenty-nine students. The Gospel is against attending Christian church serv- preached in over 100 places every ices, and they cannot be evangelized by Sunday and there is a Protestant ordinary methods, as has been proven by Christian community numbering about sixty years of, such effort. (9) Hence 10,000. The total population numthe necessity of a traveling work like bers three hundred and eighty thouours, taking the message to the homes by sand and is composed of English, voice and print. French, Spanish, Portuguese, Creoles, Mulattos, Negroes, East Indians (130,- LATIN AMERICA 000) and Chinese. Over half the population are Hindus or Moham- Devolution in Porto Rico medans and practice these religions. The Jubilee of the mission was cele- WITH the retirement of Rev. brated in January. Dr. James Edi- Arthur James from active service cott, the Moderator of the United in Porto Rico in April, began what is Church of Canada, was present and called by Women and Missions "one recalled the history of the noble work of the most significant phases of done by the pioneers. The work of Protestant work on the Island." the Canadian Church is mostly among Henceforth entire responsibility for the East Indian population and in the promotion and administration of spite of very inadequate forces and the work of the Presbytery of Porto equipment has been remarkably suc- Rico will rest in the hands of native cessful. Porto Rican pastors. This may be looked upon as the consummation of Veteran Mexican Pastor a policy adopted when the work was begun thirty years ago. At that time REV. J. P. HANSON writes from the supervision as well as a larger the Methodist Episcopal Mission part of the pastoral work was carried in Mexico City: "Our old war-horse, by missionaries sent by the board Rev. Lorenzo Martines of the Matafrom the North, but as native min- moros circuit, now nearing the age of isters, trained under their supervision, seventy, who never fails to meet an showed ability to assume leadership, appointment on his wide field, though man after man was withdrawn and at times he trudges many a weary responsibility placed upon Porto Rican mile on foot, has taken upon himself pastors. Mr. James is the last of these, and is succeeded by Rev. Angel Archilla, pastor of the Central Church in Mayaguez. The thirty mission centers are now in charge of native pastors. Dr. James A. McAllister,

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the pastorate of Don Roque and all;lo the mission. In one of them, Medelhas opened a night school there, in lin, where Rev. and Mrs. Thomas E. addition to all his other work. What Barber have been since 1910, the will this man be doing next? His church is now independent of the circuit is as large as three counties mission. Mr. Barber has worked hard in the state of Pennsylvania, yet he for this result. The pastor, a Porto takes this added burden simply be- Rican, and his wife have taken hold cause there are not enough workers to well. The attendance and offerings go around and he makes no complaint have kept on growing. Mr. Barber is about it. If we had a dozen Don often called on for advice, and to at- Lorenzos, how we could win a hundred tend their official meetings. The new towns for Jesus Christ." This Medellin church is a working church, is an illustration of the fact that the with societies for men and women, present force of Mexican pastors, boys and girls. All are working tosacrificing and devoted though they ward the establishment of an old peoare, is far too small to begin to cope ple's home, a hospital and dispensary with the need of Mexico for Christian and an orphanage. In all Colombia ministers in 1928. there is no Protestant hospital, no real dispensary and no orphanage. Land GuateD1a1an Preacher's Peril was purchased in January last for a long-desired Bible training school and MISSIONARIES in Guatemala re- theological seminary. port that almost everywhere the presentation of the Gospel is received The Open Door in Brazil with growing respect, or at least passive tolerance, but occasionally there SPEAKING at the annual meeting is a story like the following: "Ber- in London of the Evangelical nardino Ramirez tells of wonderful Union of South America, Harry meetings in which one man rose to Briault, representative of the Union confess how he had planned to kill in Campina Grande, North Brazil, Bernardino and had several times been said: "The doors of Brazil are open frustrated in his plan. Once, he was today to the Gospel, and we would just drawing his gun on him from that the Christian Church might ambush when a woman passed in be- awaken to its wonderful opportunity. tween and he dared not shoot. An- For we know not when the doors may other time he was about to draw when close again. It is a miracle that they Bernardino spied him and, wheeling, are still open. About three years ago greeted him warmly and began to talk there was a proposition before the to him of the Gospel, wholly ignorant Government of Brazil to reform the of the man's evil intentions. This so constitution of that country, and one disarmed the man that he could not clause in the proposed constitution continue with his plan that day. Up- would have united the Catholic Church on his conversion he confessed all to with the State. While that measure the astounded Bernardino, who praises was being debated in the Senate the God for His divine protection from Catholics became very bold. They unseen dangers and for transforming said to us as we walked along the enemies into friends and brothers." street, 'You wait until that law is passed. Then we will do away with Church Progress in ColoD1bia your believers. We will put an end to this Gospel business. We will pull T HE Presbyterian Church (U. S. down your churches.' But that meas- A.) is the only Protestant denomi- ure was defeated in what is nominally nation at work in Colombia, which is a Catholic country. To us it was a. the third largest republic in South miracle for which we praise God." America. There are four stations in

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The New Africa. Donald Fraser. Pp. sition of educational missions, from xiv, 207, map. $1. New York. 1928. the rude bush school, through the This volume, was prepared for the higher literary work done-though, British United Council for Missionary with rare exceptions, African Mis- Education last year, the American edi- sions do not go very far in their tion differing from it in certain addi- school work. Its adaptation to the tions relating to American contacts needs of the home, of Government, with Africa. and in training Negroes as teachers In his opening chapter Dr. Fraser completes this section. Distinctive tells us of the rapid changes in Afri- problems of contact with the popUlacan life, due largely to the youthful- tions involved, the gradual disintegraness of Africa; then he explains why tion which is in slow process, land Africa has not grown up; and next tenures, and labor difficulties are well follows an account of African peoples opened up for general readers. and their communal life and village social 0 r g ani z at ion, the chapter The volume closes with Dr. Fraser's concluding with a strong setting setting forth of "Christ the Key" to of the effect upon Africans of the in- Africa's problems of cooperation and dividualistic forces of Western con- equality. One of the closing paratacts. The faiths of Africa are then graphs reads: "For 'the depressed explained for us,-their underlying re- barbarian, for the aspiring African, ligious character, their animistic be- for the pushful white man, there is lief in immortality, spirit worship and but one law which makes for the magic. Islam is too briefly mentioned, blending of races and the forces that -Africa's impending religious prob- are in them, and that is the law of lem. Jesus Christ. To burst the prison gates of magic, to steady surging, The penetration of Africa by Gov- ambitious life, to lay the 'firm foundaernments, Commerce, and Colonization interprets the present situation tions and build the walls of a true to those interested in the help and remaking of the continent. Perhaps the civilization, there is but one compe- tent power, and that is the spirit of Jesus." H. P. BEACH.

most important section deals with that India in 1926-27. By J. Coatman. Illus., portion of the continent called White maps, pp. xvi, 377. New York: Brit- Man's Africa, and the special prob- ish Library of Information, 5 East lems arising from that particular con- 45th St. 1928. $1.

tact. The five remaining chapters are Every India missionary should have devoted to the history of the Church at hand for reference purposes at in Africa, its modes of more brotherly least two issues of the British Gov- contact and its salvatory efforts. How ernment dealing with India: the first Christianity affects the family, indus- volume of the "Census of India" pub- trial, agricultural and health life of lished in decennial years, (the latest the Negro also shows us in detail what 1921,) and this latest annual volume Mission work is accomplishing there. prepared for the English Parliament.

Chapter VI is given to a fuller expo- The census volume is as far re- 686

BOOKS WORTH READING

moved from our conception of census and the frankly revolutionary organreports-except of the Philippine Islands-as a novel is from a mass of ization of M. N. Roy. statistics. The volume prepared by Mr. Coatman in an encyclopredia of the Scores of other scarcely less im- Indian Empire, for 1926-27. portant themes are here presented, In that year the leading problem was the relation between Hindus and and are readily found because of the Moslems. The latter, numbering almost sixty-nine millions, are in con- full index. Half-tone illustrations, stant friction with their Hindu neighbors who are more than three times graphs, and maps add to the value of as numerous. The old antagonism has shown itself recently in riots and this reference volume. Though no excesses greater than have been known in years; but few missionaries reference is made to missionary work, have taken pains to get at the root difficulty between the two parties. the intimate relation of the enter- This volume gives much light upon that question in the address of Viceroy prise to social and philanthropic wel- Irwin, who regards this antagonism as "clearly the dominant issue in In- fare makes such a volume of great dian life." Animosity seems to be due to disputes about playing Indian value. H. P. BEACH. music in the neighborhood of Mohammedan mosques, and in connection Barak, The Diary of a Donkey-A True with other celebrations of the two Story of Missionary Life and Travel. communities. But in reality the root Fred H. Easton. 90 pp. London. difficulty lies in the 1919 Reforms, 1927. which gave India a government of democratic type, with the powerful A little book written by a C. I. M. central doctrine of government by missionary of the second generation majorities, precipitating a struggle which merits a long review. The scene for the powers and emoluments of of- is laid in Shensi and Kansu, the two fice. This the Moslem minority re- extreme Northwest provinces of China sents. proper. Barak is the inseparable com- panion of the missionary evangelist. Other important matters discussed This donkey does all of the talking and is much given to philosophizing on the are the beneficent irrigation projects experiences through which his master passes. He is delightfully reminiscent of the British Government; the acts at times, and does not hesitate to pass judgment on his master or the people of the newly established Central In- among whom his master labors. He is amused by the conversation of the dian Legislature; the discussion of people in the market places. When passing through the countryside over- "The State and the People," including run with disorderly soldiers, he waxes quite eloquent over his disgust with the serious wide unemployment, par- militarism …… "Though I am mere- ly a donkey and not supposed to have ticularly of the educated classes; med- any feelings or subtle emotions, yet ical relief of women, sponsored by some of the sights and scenes of that wives of successive Viceroys; the sup- summer and autumn heartily sickened pression of crime, and the difficulties me and always thoroughly upset my of the police in rural communities, master, sometimes making him quite which has led to tattooing a number ill." He attends a wedding in his ofon the ears of all cattle in one import- ficial capacity as a bearer of his masant district; and the important and ter and his description of the affair increasingly serious topic of com- is replete with humor. munism, traceable to Russia and <China through Indian communists Barak makes no profession of his Christian belief, nor does his master claim any innate goodness for this faithful but irascible animal. He is as capable of pulling down the door of a house in the thick of the night, or of stamping out the life of his load of

scripture portions and tracts, as he is prove a prophet, so why should He of being deeply moved by the prayers not use me to preach a sermon?"

of Chinese converts in a three hour One feels a bit sorrowful for Barak. meeting presided over by his master. Should he not have been laboured In spite of his perverse nature, how- with and forgiven by his master "sev_ ever, he is a good sort, and again and again he makes very telling mission- enty times seven"? One wishes that ary appeals. It is surprising how the master had not come to the time vivid and interesting a missionary's when he felt he no longer had any experiences and the description of his use for Barak; otherwise he might environment can become in the mouth have ended his days, if not within the of a Kansu donkey. One smiles as he Kingdom, at least not far outside. reads this donkey's account of his master and a fellow-missionary late at Judged as a whole, this little book night in a cow-shed poring over a map is one of the most entertaining and of the country-side which they are revealing books on the experiences of planning to win for Christ with the a pioneer missionary evangelist, I host's cow and Barak for companions. have ever seen. There is not a page of dry reading. Mr. Easton has hit Occasionally the donkey reflects his upon a unique and very interesting master's prejudices in his allusion to way to convey the story and challenge the pre8enc~ of Roman Catholic con- of West China to our young people in verts in South Shensi and his refer- the West. We heartily congratulate ence to them as constituting "the him on a very fresh and vivid por- trayal of the "greatest vocation in greatest possible hindrance to the life." simple preaching of the gospel." A M. T. STAUFFER.

group of Chinese preachers holding NEW BOOKS their annual meeting are fit objects for comment and psycho-analysis to Adventures in Friendliness. Programs for the Primary Department, prepared Barak. While he is deeply moved by for use in the Vacation Church School. their earnest prayers, one may expect M. F. Brown. Edited by John T. his sense of humor to break through, Faris. 209 pp. $1.75. Presbyterian notwithstanding. "I had a quiet laugh Board of Christian Education. Philup my sleeve, that evening," he says. adelphia. 1928.

Once again he writes, "I am only a The Appeal of a Bible-less World. Annual report of the National Bible Society donkey, I know, but my heart was of Scotland, 1927. Edinburgh. 1928. strangely moved within me as I watched these three men so utterly Pilgrim's Progress and Grace Abounding. diverse, the one from the other, yet so Special Tercentenary edition. John closely united in the one great passion Bunyan. 651 pp. $2. American Tract Society. New York. 1928.

that appeared to absorb them, stand- The English in English Bibles. J. F. Shea- ing there on the cold mud fioor around han. 143 pp. Cloth, $1.25; paper, that charcoal glow and praying for 75 cents. Columbus Institute. Poughthe souls of the people that lived in keepsie. 1928. Liohyang." "Gentlemen-The King!" John Oxenham. 96 pp. 75 cents. The Pilgrim Press.

In the last chapter, Barak traces Boston. 1928.

the steps of his declension from mis- God Is Love. Russian translation. D. L.

sionary zeal. Illustrating from his Moody. 32 pp. 10 cents a copy, 12 own sad end, he uses the last few for $1. Bible Institute Colportage pages of the book to preach to his Assn. Chicago. 1928. readers, exhorting them not to follow his example. In this he feels justified, Revaluing Soripture. Frank Eakin. 249 because as he says: "Samson used a pp. $2.60. Macmillan Co. New York. donkey's jawbone to slay an army, and 1928. God opened a donkey's mouth to re- The Saoraments: Their Nature and Use. C. F. Hogg. 48 pp. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1928.

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1924

~UMEXl,.VII . NUMBER

JANUARY, 1924 THE OVERFLOW AND THE PAS~ION S. D. GORDON .

A BUSINESS MEN'S EVANGEUSTIC CLUB W. G. M. THOMAS A LAYMAN'S VISIT TO THE MISSION FIELDS FRED G. MACMlLL'AN . THE BIBLE AMONG THE BLACKS DAN CRAWFORD ~ WINNING UNCHURCHED .BOYS AND GIRLS ADEUNE GUENTHER BEST METHODS FOR PUBLICITY MRS. E. c. CRONK.

II.sO·A YEAR 25 CENTS A COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBUSHI..N. G COMPANY ad and REILY STS., HARRISBURG, PA. 156 FlFnI AVENU,E, NEW YORK

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THROUGH CHRIST TO CONVERT Selfishness into Service Suspicion into Faith Discouragement into Hope Hatred into Love AMONG The foreign born in whose homes 21,000,000 children are grow- ing up with almost no knowledge of American ideals and institutions. .

The Negroes, of whom only one child in ten ever enters a Sunday School.

The Southern Mountaineers, whose county school term is often no more than five months.

The Latin Americans, fifty per cent of whom are illiterate.

The Jews, about eighty per cent of whom have forsaken the syna- gogue and are religiously adrift.

The Mexicans, whose habies have one-fourth the chance of white children to reach the age of two years.

The migrant laborers, most of whom are prey to radicalism and exploitation, "homeless, voteless, jobless."

The Indians, two-thirds of whom attend no church.

The Alaskans, whose very existence is jeopardized by disease.

We are endeavoring to meet thae needs THROUGH Churches and Sunday Schools Schools and Hospitals Homes and Communities THE BOARD OF NATIONAL MISSIONS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH in the U.S.A.

8tmd raul' Gifts to VARIAN BANKS, Acting Treasurer 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.. _ , -Plea8~ mention THID MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. January Sale of Linens Send for Catalog Housewives all over the country fancy cloths; Household Linens, have been waiting for this yearly sheets, pillow cases, towels; Blankets opportunity to buy McCutcheon and Comfortables; as well as charm- Linens at reduced prices. ing collections of Lingerie, Blouses, Laces, Sweaters, Hosiery and Chil- This popular annual sale includes dren's Dresses. hundreds of much-needed Linen articles, all of which are taken from All these articles are described and McCutcheon's regular, highest-qual- priced-many of them illustratedity stocks. There are liberal selec- in the new McCutcheon "JANtions of Table Linens, damasks and UARY SALE CATALOG No. 20."

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You are giving regularly of your income. After death your principal will have potential power; You can provide for its use in advancing the Kingdom, and have a secure income during life. Ask about the ANNUITY PLAN Write to: George M. Fowles, Treasurer, Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal II A.,."" 150 Filii> A,…… N.w Yod c;,y, ., w. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Method- ist Episcopal Church, I 70 I Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

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CONTENTS FOR JANUARY, 1924 Page F'RONTISPIECE ……………….. THE CHRISTIAN OCCUPATION OF THE WORLD EDITORIALS …………………………………………………….. 5 AT THE TURN OF THE YEAR DOCTRINES, DEBTS AND THE BOARDS SAVE AMERICA FROM RUIN RELIEF WORK IN JAPAN A PROPHEOY FOR INDIA THE OVERFLOW AND THE PASSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BY S. D. GORDON 15 A consideration of the place that Christia,n service and giving should have in the lite at a conseerated layman.

A BUSINESSMEN'S EVANGELISTIC CLUB ………… By W. G. M. THOMAS 19 The story of the remarkable work done in Chattanooga, Tennessee by a group of busin~ssmen who have been spiritually awakened.

A LAYMAN'S VISIT TO THE MISSION FIELDS ….. "By FRED G. MACMILLAN 25 An impress<ve description of what a business man saW in his recent visit to Egypt, the Sudan and india, with, 8Gme of his conclum.ons.

THE BIBLE AMONG THE BLACKS . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . BY DAN CRAWFORD 29 A chara.cteristic letter from the author of "Thinking Black," decaribing the arrival of the first copies of the Bible in the vernacular and its effect on the black men of CentraL Africa.

WINNING THE UNCHURCHED BOYS AND GIRLS …. BY ADELINE GUENTHER 33 The story of the important work be'ing done through the Daily Vacation Bible Schools to reach negLected boys and girls of foreigners in America and the children in mining districts, mill towns (lind other frontiers.

WHAT THE MISSION BOARDS HOPE TO DO IN 1924 ………………… 41 A series of letters from the leading denominational Mism.on Boards describing some of their objectives at home and abroad.

BEST METHODS FOR PUBLICITY …………… EDITED BY Mas. E. C. CRoNK 46 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …… EDI'l'EJ) BY FLORENCE E-. QUINLAN 54 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN………………………….. 57 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ………………………..•…………….. 60 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY …….• '> • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 75 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. SingJe copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1924, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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Robert E. Speer. President Willam 1. Chamberlain, Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall, Treasurer Publication office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, Pa. 25c a copy $2.50 .. year New. York City Entered as secondwclass matter a.t the Post Office, HarrIsburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. P£RSONAL REv. B. M. TIPPLE, D.D., has resigned, on WillSodomand Gomorrah the ground of ill health, as President of the Now Be Dug Up?

Methodist College in Rome. That is one of the next big events archeology is hoping for. And if this *" * spectacular discovery is made, you can be sure of knowing all about it if you suh- REV. WM. C. COVEaT, D.D., pastor of the scribe now for The Sunday School First Presbyterian Church, Chicago, is to Times, for the Archeological Editor of this live journal, Prof. Dr. Melvin Grove be the General Secretary of the Board of Kyle, sails this winter to join the ex- • Christian Bdncation. • pedition of the American School of REV. DR. DONALD FRASER of the Livings- Oriental Research in Jerusalem for this quest. You keep posted in arche(}logy's tonia Mission, ex-Moderator of the United thrilling achievements by taking the Times. . Free Church of Scotland, was warmly wel- " wmed on his recent return to Africa. REV. E. W. SCHMALZREID, mhlsionary of the Reformed Ohurch in the United States at Shenehowfu, Hunan, China, was kid- napped by bandits While on his way in No- vember from Changteh, Hunan, to Tungien, .. Kweichow.

REV. MAIK MATTHEWS, D.D., pa…tor of "Gordon'sWork is Superh- the First Presbyterian Church, Seattle, hi his digest is one of th~ finest features of any periodical I see. It is worth a mint of trying to sell a million one dollar bricks, money," writes an enthusiastic minister about Earnest Gordon's monthly "Survey with which to build a new Bible School in of Religious Life and Thought" in The .. Sunday School Times. This brilliant that city. Harvard graduJte, who holds the old faith and knows Europe and the whole REV. S. RALPH HARLOW, formerly of the world intimately by travel and study,. gives you every month the throbbing International College iIi. Smyrna, has become heart of the religious life of the world.

Professor of Biblical Literature in Smith . .. . College.

REV. HAl!.RY B. MCOORMICK of Detroit has gives you also in each week's issue more been elected a secretary of the United than a dozen of the greatest Jiving Bible Christian Missionary Society. teachers on two great Sunday-school Lesson Courses, the International Uni- * .. * form and the Who:, Bible Lessons. True BERT WILSON, one of the secretaries of to the whole Bible as the infallible Word tI, e United Christian Missionary Society has of God, and the shed blood of Christ as resigned to accept the presidency of Eureka the only way of salvation, it is an every- Oollege. week interdenominational journal for adults in Bible study and teaching, Sun- *** day-school management, and the Chris- tian Ii fe and service. ARTHUR T. UPSON, the Literary Supel'in- r.endeut and Director of the Nile Mission The subscription rate is $2.00 per Press has recently returned to Oairo after a brief visit to England. Mr_ Upson is very year. In clubs of five or more deeply interested in social purity work copies, eitht;r, to separate ad~ among the soldiers in Cairo, and has shown great courage in combatting the social evil. dresses or In a package ~~ 37 to one address, $1.50 ** " ~a ..::p.tj6 DR. DANlEL J. FLEMING of Union Theo- each per year. o>a:'~/ THE logical Seminary, and author of "Building SUNDAY SCHOOL with India" is this year to give the Graves TIMES COMPANY IJectures on Foreign Missions at New Brunswick Theological Seminary. The general :Sox 1650, Philadelphia, Pa. topi" will be "Imminent Changes in Missionary Attitudes and Policies." For the 25 cents enclosed please send The Sunday """ School Times for 10 weeks to DR. ABRAM E. CoRY, formerly a Secretary of the United Christian Missionary So- Name ••••••.•••…•..•.•.••••••••• ciety, has recently been made president of Address ..•..••.••.••••••••••••.•••• the International Convention of Disciples of Christ, to be held in Cleveland in 1924.

"** REv. ARTHUR LEE GruNNELL, M. D., of KiHsien, Honan, China, for twelve years a missionary of the l!Tee Methodist Church, died of heart disease at Kaifeng on the twenty-eighth of November, on his fortythird birthday.

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'" EVIEW1fe VOL. JANUARY, 1924 NUMBER XLVII ONE AT TRill TURN OF THE YEAR n .ANY DAY may bring a crisis though we may not recognize it. In the fullness of time, Christ came to redeem men, but most of His fellow countrymen did not recognize Him or the hour of their visitation. Humanity seemed to be on the down grade, but He started men going the other way–from defE'at and death to victory and life. One who sees and is dissatisfied with the evil tendencies and failures of the day is not a pessimist if he is not discouraged but expects victory through the power of God. Truth is mighty and must prevail- but truth is not always pleasant.

As we turn over the first leaf of a new calendar, opening up a new year, a backward look over the main events and tendencies of the months through which we have pasRed is not altogether enheartening, but it gives no cause for despair, for onr hope is in God.

In America, home mission circles have been studying" The American Boy and Girl" – a truly fundamental subject and one that calls for serious thought and prayer. The Horne and Foreign Mission Boards have almost universally reported a shortage in funds needed for missionary work, with deficits from $100,000 to over $600,000. This is in spite of general prosperity and free spending throughout the country. The need for enlarged giving is great, the success of the work has been marked and there is a call for more extensive and intensive Christian service. The International Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. are also facing serious financial shortages. Some leaders are convinced that this lack of adequate financial support is due to doctrinal disputes in the denominations. This, no doubt, has had its effect, for internal strife will ever hinder united advance in a common task. The great need is for unswerving loyalty to Christ and His Word, sacrificial devotion to His cause, and unselfish service to our fellowmen. Those who put the things of this world first-whether it be in self-indulgence or in social service-will not make such large I?acrifices as do Christians who believe that man's eternal, as well as Q

temporal, welfare depends on a right relation to Christ and His Gospel.

'The" Save America Campaign" has been started to prevent the nullification of the Eighteenth Amendment for prohibition. The President and state executives have held conferences to promote better citizenship and law enforcement. The thirty-seventh Student Volunteer Movement convention was held in Indianapolis during the closing days of the year. Movements have also been started in favor of morally clean literature and clean amusement;,.

In Canada, further progress was made toward Church union be- tween Presbyterians, Methodists and Congregationalists and the final step awaits the action of the Dominion Parliament to make a "United Church of Canada."

In the West Indies, Porto Rico has celebrated a quarter century under the "Stars and Stripes" and of evangelical mission work. Haiti and Santo Domingo have become fields for united evangelical mission work under the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America.

South America has been generally quiet with the exception of an uprising in Paraguay and minor political disturbances. The cause of temperance is progressing, especially in Chile, and religious liberty has won a new victory in Peru with the defeat of the "concordat" between that government and the Vatican.

In Europe, the progress toward political and industrial normality has been almost unnoticeable. France and Germany have become increasingly suspicious and unfriendly; Italy has established the Fascisti dictatorship; Austria has made steady material progress with the help of a loan from the Allies, and Russia has been obliged to return to some degree of private ownership as distinct from radical socialism. The opposition of the Soviet leaders to religion, especially Christianity, is as bitter as ever, but has taken the form of ridicule and of efforts to divide the Russian Church. At the same time, spiritual movements are reported in many parts of Russia, in Czecho- Slovakia, in Poland, in Belgium and in Great Britain. Many important world conferences were held in Europe during the summer, among them the Baptists in Sweden, the Boys' lVorkers in Switzerland, and, most important of all, the International Missionary Council in Oxford, England. This Council united on resolutions that seek to give a basis for harmonious cooperation among societies and workers who had been disrupted by doctrinal disputes in Great Britain, as well as in America.

The Near East has continued a hotbed of trouble. The Angora Government of Turkey, after burning Smyrna and murdering Christians, has again secured from the Allies possession of Constantinople, the abrogation of the "Capitulations" and a recognition of their full control in Asia Minor. Syria is restive under l!'rench rule and Palestine is the scene of strife between Arabs, Syrians and Jews.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

The Near East Relief and the Ohristian missionaries who are still at work seem to be the only constructive forces in the Moslem lands.

In Mesopotamia, the Kingdom of Irak, American Presbyterians and Reformed Ohurches are undertaking a new cooperative mission work with headquarters at Bagdad and MosuI. '1'he Presbyterian missionaries have also reopened their station in Urumia, Persia.

India has been more quiet, outwardly, since Gandhi's arrest, but the people are restive and dissatisfied. "Oivil disobedience" has developed from "non-cooperation" and Moslems and Hindus are in open rivalry for leadership in politics. From a missionary stand- point, important progress has been made in the development of the Indian Missionary Oouncil, and further steps have been taken in Ohristian unity and cooperation in South India.

China has deposed one president and installed another during the year, but little, if any, political stability has been gained. War is still waged between the North and the South, and bandits have been active, even capturing and killing foreigners. Opium cultivation and trade is reappearing and there is evidence of the social and political influence of· Bolshevist propaganda. Christian missionaries and strong Ohinese Christians are the most outstanding force for righteousness and peace.

In Japan, the outstanding event of the year has been the devastating earthquake and fire that blotted out Yokohama and overwhelmed Tokyo on September 1st and 2d. The destruction in property and life was greater than the moral and spiritual loss, since the Japanese themselves have nobly risen to the occasion; the British and Americans, and even Chinese, have sent generous sympathy and help; no Japanese Ohristian pastors or outstanding leaders lost their lives, and only three missionaries are reported missing out of over 400 stationed in the earthquake area. Efforts are Deing made to learn lessons from the disaster and to introduce better buildings, moral reforms and closer missionary cooperation. Korea has reported some spiritual revivals and Formosa has celebrated fifty years of OanadIan Presbyterian missions there.

Africa is gradually emerging from bondage and darkness. Egypt has been given independence (still under British protection), but has not proved herself capable of self-government; Abyssinia has opened her doors to missionaries of the United Presbyterian Ohurch; new mission stations have been opened in the Cameroons, on the Congo and elsewhere; revivals are reported at variollS points; and earnest allpeals come from heathen kings and chiefs for Ohristian teachers and preachers. The report of the Phelps-Stokes Oommission has proved an illuminating document on the needs and methods of missionary work in the continent.

At the beginning of a new year, the world field reveals widespread unrest in politics, in industry, in society, in religion. Men are

cutting loose from old moorings and have not yet found a more satisfactory anchorage. They are doubting the value of their old forms of government, their former industrial methods and their inherited faiths. But those who really know God, as revealed in Jesus Christ, and who have tested the truth and practical value of that faith in daily life – yes, these are standing firm, contending against evil, working to establish good, and confident of victory through the Leadership and Power that are not their own.

DOCTRINES, DEBTS, AND THE BOARDS W HAT, if any, is the relation of doctrine to debt in the mis- sionary work of the churches? It is exceedingly unfortunate, in the face of tremendous need for cooperation and for a whole hearted forward spiritual movement on the part of all evangelical forces, that the churches at home should be divided by doctrinal controversy, and that in the midst of prosperity and ample funds for private enterprises, the mission boards should be burdened with debts. The relation between loyalty to the Church and gifts to His work is the same as between the spirit of patriotism in time of war and the response to the call for volunteers and for subscriptions to national loans.

The time of crisis in the conflict between the forces of God and those opposed to the program of Christ is not a time for dissentions, accusations, party disputes and suspicions among: fellow soldiers and servants of God. The real issues should be clearly distinguished and if any men are disloyal to the cause they must be won over or evidence of their disloyalty must be clearly presented. Only God can clearly judge between wheat and tares.

Among others, the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions has been subject to criticism in certain quarters because of the alleged lack of sympathy of some of its members and missionaries with the doctrinal standards of the Church. In order to allay this suspicion and win the loyal cooperation and support of all sincere Presbyterians, the Board has sent out on November 19th a carefully prepared statement from which the following extracts are taken: All the members and officers of the Board clearly understand that, having been appointed by the General Assembly as the authorized agency to represent the whole Church in its foreign missionary work, they Rhould discharge the obligations imposed in entire obedience to the instructions of the General Assembly, and in fuU loyalty fo the Standards of the Pr-esbyter-ian Church, and the whole system of doctrine contained therein. In these and in all other respects the Board has sought to administer the trust laid upon it by the General Assembly with absolute fidelity, and it is determined to hold this trust inviolate …

. "All missionaries, prior to their appointment, are asked the following ~~: " 'Have you any religious views which you believe to be at variance with the teaching of the Presbyterian Church?

1924J EDITORIAL COMMENT

" 'Do you believe that in every form of mission work the paramount duty of every missionary is to make Jesus Christ known as Saviour, Lord and Master?

" 'Is it your purpose to make such efforts the chief feature of your mis~ sionary career, no matter what other duties may be assigned to you?

" 'Do you believe the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments to be the Word of God, the only infallible rule of faith and practice?

" 'Do you sincerely receive and adopt the Confession of Faith of this Church as containing the system of doctrine taught in the Holy Scriptures?'

"No missionaries are appointed who do not satisfactorily answer these questions. After apppointment, all missionaries are amenable to the missions to which they belong, and all ordained men to presbyteries as well. The Board has considered every definite complaint regarding missionaries, and has not found a single instance of unfaithfulness… While the Board is not an ecclesiastical body and cannot· trench upon the jurisdiction of presbyteries over anyone's ecclesiastical standing in the Presbyterian Church, the Board is the judge of the qualifications of missionaries, and it deems sound views of the Gospel a vital qualification. The Board cannot withdraw confidence from devoted missionaries, on the basis of impersonal and unsupported charges re- garding unnamed and unidentified missionaries, and the Board believes that further rumors or suspicions should be resolutely discountenanced …

"Regarding union enterprises, which are said to be opening the door for unevangelical teaching by missionaries of other denominations, the demand for them has come from the field. .. Such union effort has been repeatedly and explicitly approved and advised by the General Assembly. . . Such unions have been entered into only with sister evangelical churches which are recognized as such by the General Assembly. .. 'I¥benever difficulties and problems doctrinal or otherwise arise in connection with these institutions, it is the policy and purpose of the Board to take them up with the institution concerned and the Boards of the other denominations associated in it. If agreement cannot be reached on a strict evangelical basis, the Board will recommend withdrawal from further participation …

"The Board entreats the churches in the name of the General Assembly whose agency it is, in the name of faithful missionaries whose life work is menanced, and in the name of our divine IJord and Saviour, to remember that withholding or diverting gifts penalizes not the members of the Board but the devoted missionaries and their work … "

The unfortunate doctrinal controversy is causing unbelievers to blaspheme, is weakening the Church, is bringing the cause of Christ into disrepute and is hindering the work at home and abroad. The issue should be kept clear and the followers of Christ united as closely as possible.

First, the great question is not loyalty to the doctrines of a denomination, but loyalty to Christ, His teachings and program. We may differ as to policy, as to personal convictions, interpretations or forms of expression, but loyalty to .Jesus Christ and His teachings is essential to unity and power.

Second, there must be an acknowledged authority for the missionary message and program of the Church. There may be room for differences of interpretation, but there is nO unity in a movement where the credentials and book of instructions are discredited. A dispute as to the loyalty of messengers and of officials to God's mes-

l(} THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [J3Jluary

sage and plan must be settled before there can be full confidence and cooperation.

Third, there is need for humility on the part of those who claim the right to judge. The spirit of hasty criticism and of suspicion must be eliminated and other followers of Christ considered as honest and earnest in their words and acts.

Fourth, we must be careful not to do irreparable damage to the cause of Christ by words or deeds that unjustly discredit mission boards of the Church and seek to punish individuals with whom We may be in disagreement. In refusing to cooperate with Boards we may be refusing to cooperate with Christ.

Fifth, the spirit of prayer, of love and of earnest and unprejudiced seeking for light is necessary so that personal pride and bitterness may be entirely eliminated.

God has wonderfully used the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions and the Boards of other Churches to carry His message to men all over the world; He has also given rich spiritual fruitage as a result of the work. If mistakes have been made, they should be corrected, bl,lt while God Himself cooperates with any branch of His Church, we may designate the direction iu which our gifts will be nsed but we cannot afford to hamper the work by withholding prayerful and generous support.

SAVE AMERICA FROM RUIN NOT LONG AGO, a leper in an American city was discovered selling fruit to school children. The deadly germs of this horrible disease are carried into the blood, not by heredity or contagion, but by infection-through food or in some other way directly introduced into the blood of healthy persons. Public sentiment immediately demanded that the leprous vendor not only cease his traffic but that he be sent to a leprosarium lest he contaminate the healthy. A wave of horror passes over parents lest their children become subject to the dread disease, and a leper, if discovered in a healthy community, is promptly expelled.

Such is the dread of physical corruption! But what shall we s'ay of public sentiment that seems so callous and indifferent to moral corruption that purveyors of pernicious literature and immoral plays are allowed, for financial gain, to scatter broadcast their moral disease germs among youth and adults of all classes! Moral contamination is infinitely more to be dreaded than physical disease – deadly as that may be. It was moral decay that brought about the downfall of Babylon, Greece and Rome, and it is moral and spiritual disease that brings eternal death.

For money some men and women already morally diseased are putting before the public contaminating theatricals, dances, movies,

EDITORIAL COMMENT

books and pictures, and yet even Christian parents are not fully aroused to the evil results. Theatrical managers and publishers have been growing bolder and bolder, because their unsavory and deadly wares find a market among the weak, the foolish and the degenerate. Remonstrance and pUblicity bring no remedy, and appeals to the courts and public officials are ineffective, for money and personal influence are powerful. One supposedly reputable publisher is printing obscene and lascivious magazines that are said to be especially damaging to boys and girls of high school and college age. Under seemingly harmless titles, books are published containing passages, the reading of which is to the character, what eating diseased meat is to the body. One judge declared that he did not dare to go to the theatre today because of the difficulty in selecting clean plays.

The Clean Books League (New York) has taken up the fight locally because of the :flood of impurity that is coming from the presses today. Judge Ford, of the Supreme Court of New York, was aroused when a pestilential book came into his daughter's hands through a circulating library. Ilis eyes were opened to the widespread evil and he declares that to quote passages and send them through the mail would immediately subject him to' prosecution. Newspapers would not dare to print the stuff, but books and magazines spread the disease with impunity. Those who devour this contaminating literature and see these demoralizing movies and. plays, lose their healthy faculties of taste and smell so that they defend their course; their standards and their lives too often become degenerate and themselves a menace to the community. The result is weakness, immorality, divorce, robbery, and murder.

Judge Ford says: "Those of us who believe in the exalted mission of our democracy … may well take serious thought of the growing toleration by the public of the shockingly immoral publications that are put into the hands of the rising generations. I have no language strong enough to adequately picture the depths of infamy to which certain publishers have descended in issuing for general circulation obscene, lewd, lascivious, filthy, indecent and disgusting books, magazines, pamphlets and other prints."

What is to be done about it ~ Certainly high-minded people, whether Christians or not, must not sit still and allow purveyors of such literature and dramas to spread contagion in order that they may reap a harvest of "filthy lucre" while the public reap moral disease and death!

1. Christian people and other patriots should awake to the danger and unite to root out the evil by arousing public sentiment and by passing adequate laws adequately enforced. High-minded officials must be put into office and those who prosecute offending publishers should be supported by upright citizens.

2. Through the hamel the school and the Ohurch, our youth

must be educated as to moral contamination and its damaging effects. They should be given a taste for clean literature and wholesome amusements by precept and by the example of parents and teachers. Moral fitness should be required of teachers quite as much as intellectual ability and freedom from contagious disease.

3. Above all, we must recognize the fact that, while social and industrial reforms are important, nothing can take the place of individual regeneration. Unless parents and children, officials, teachers and other citizens are purified and empowered individually by coming into right relationship to God through .Jesus Christ, they cannot help to make a strong, clean and godly nation. Give our young people and their elders a taste for the Word of God and that will drive out the desire to read or scatter devilish literature. "Either sin will keep you from this Book," said Bengel, "or this Book will keep you from sin."

.NCHRISTIAN SUFFIGRING A~D RELIEF IN JAPAN OTH;ING that has been written to describe the suffering in Japan has probably exceeded the reality in the experience of tens of thousands. Even now there is not much relief for many of these sufferers. There are temporary "barracks" in which families can find refuge, but many have no changes of garments or warm clothing. The storms have caused much suffering for many have no shelter except the trees.

There is danger lest Christians spend all of their energy in their efforts to supply the temporal needs of the people. Women of the Church are devoting much time to selling steamed sweet potatoes and buns, and children in some of the Christian schools are making garments for new babies, four thousand of which will be born in the barracks this winter.

Kimura, Kagawa, Kanamori and many more Christian leaders are taking this opportunity to arouse the people to see their need of repentance and righteous living. The Japanese Woman's Christian Temperance Union has sent out a petition, signed by thousands of women all over the country, entreating the Government not to allow the rebuilding of the prostitutes' quarter in Tokyo. They also appeal for comforters for the poor people, many of whom sleep only uuder matting. .The Government is providing 150,000 of the comforters needed and is asking the people to supply the remainder. Money, tracts and books are also being sent by Christians in an effort to make up for the great loss of good literature.

We are thankful to say that no Christian pastors or evangelists were killed, with the exception of two Salvation Army workers who lost their lives-so that there are trained workers to go on with the work and they are doing it very effectively.

EDITORIAL OOMMENT

The Japanese Ohristian churches are also getting records of Ohristians and are helping those who apply and have established a union work; the Y. M. O. A. has put up tents and Japanese ministers have come from different places to help, holding daily preaching services for people at every place where there are "barracks." Both government and Christian bodies have taken hold quickly to help in every way. St. Luke's hospital staff have put up a host of tents which are thronged. Mr. Kagawa has opened up work in a temporary structure in the worst part of the city. He visits the barracks every day to see what needs to be done and gives out bedding, food, etc., where most needed. Dr. Uemura's church has "barracks" in which they meet and Mr. Hirotsu thinks that he will hold his theological seminary there at present.

The people show a great deal of fortitude. The Japanese Secretary of the Synod, who came home to Tokyo and found his wife and five children burned to death, has taken up his cross of suffering with a rare spirit of Christlikeness. In a recent letter he writes: "This is a heavy cross but I have come on thus far and pray that I may be enabled to do better service for God and men." He has plunged into various forms of relief work. An evangelist, after visiting the refugee barracks in Tokyo, said that he had not heard one word of complaint among Christians but that all were manifesting a spirit of thankfulness. There is great need to unite in prayer for governments and nations and especially for the people of Japan.

THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN THE PHILIPPINES T HE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS seem to be destined to assUme a high place in the affairs of the Pacific, for if Europe commits suicide, the Pacific will become the center of the World's affairs. The Philippines will not excel Japan in military power, nor China in industry, but they may excel both Ohina and Japan in spiritual progress. Many of the Filipino people are determined to make of their nation a model of Ohristian democracy for the Orient and for the world. Many have the sublime audacity to dream of making their Islands a nobler country than the United States or any other so-called Ohristian nation has ever been. '['here is an ever-increasing number of young men and women who possess the qualities which will make a superior nation in every sense of that word.

In these Islands there is a strong demand for an indigenous: Filipino Church, and the movement has begun. People have been eager for Protestant teaching but have not been eager to be controlled religiously by foreigners and they do not like denominational differences. At the same time, they have not made any successful attempt of their own. The Aglipay movement has not been successful in spite of its great numerical strength because its leaders were trained in

the old Roman Catholic Church or else not trained at all, and they do not know how to conduct a Protestant Reformation. The way has now been paved for a rapprochement between Aglipay's church and the evangelical forces and missionaries feel more tolerantly toward him and his movement.

Gradually there is growing up a group of educated Christian young men who have the qualifications necessary for leading the new church which has already made its appearance, and is meeting with great enthusiasm. The United Brethren Mission has a church and dormitory in a strategic position in the heart of Manila's student district, and has agreed to change this into a United Ohurch-inviting representatives of the American Board and members of all other churches in Manila to participate in the new church. A constitution has been adopted which makes this church congregational in government, adopts the statement of faith of the National Council of the Congregational Church and calls itself by the name "The United Church of the Philippines." The leadership is Filipino. Only three Americans had any part in the organization or conduct of the church. The president of the largest university in the Philippines and one of the three or four greatest Filipinos, President Camilo Osias, was one of the first to affix his name to the Constitution of the Union Church.

On the first of November, the first congregational meeting was held to elect the first church council. The membership campaign is in the hands of Mr. Isaac Barza, the leading Filipino in the Y. M. C. A. of the Philippine Islands, and his prospective membership list includes nearly all of the greatest men of Manila-Protestant, Aglipayano and even Roman Catholics. Many of the leading people of Manila, who are still nominally Roman Catholics, are Protestants in everything excepting name, and have never joined any Protestant denomination because of their unwillingness to submit to religious denominations and their dislike of denominational names. This Union Protestant Filipino Church is the thing for which they have been waiting and already other congregations and prospective congregations desire to unite with this church.

Responding to the demand for union, the Presbyterian, United Brethren and Congregational Missions have agreed to meet and endeavor to find common ground upon which they will adopt the name which has been adopted by this United Church in ~£anila. Baptists also may find that the constitution is acceptable to them. The most difficult problem to handle is the adoption of a Statement of Faith which will be broad enough and yet strict enough to meet the desires of all Evangelical Christians.

Thank God for the privilege of living in these Islands and of dreaming with this young nation the dreams of their great spiritual future and of the coming of the Kingdom of God.

FRANK C. LAUBACH.

Over-Flow and the

A Quiet Talk with Laymen BY S. D. GORDON, NEW YORK Author of "Quiet Talks on Power," etc.

T HE" spill-over" of a strong man's life, steadily turned so as to get other men into touch with the Man Who died-this is what "layman" means. I do not mean that this is the diction- ary meaning. No, it gets nearer than that to the meat and marrow.

Look at it a moment or two. He must be a strong man or there isn't any spill-over. He is distinctly above the average. The average man of the race has no spill-over. The fact of a spill-over indicates the sort of man he is.

He's a strong man in the double sense. For there is the weak- strong man; strong in that he is getting a spill-over, weak in the way he lets it slip through his fingers.

There is a spill-over. That means that the man has ability and energy. He fits into things. He has become necessary. If he slipped out unexpectedly it would mean a slow-up for readjustment. He has been successful. The in-come has piled up over the out-go till there's some surplus, for most normal men earn their way by their ability and effort. The man with an ample inherited income is the exception.

This man has responsibilities. He is the center of a personal group, smaller or bigger. His group looks up to him. They depend on him. He delights in having it so. It brings the best in him out, and helps put the best in him too. This is the first charge on his energies and earnings.

Now, that is cared for, and there is something left in his hands. There is a surplus of money and time and ability and strength. And this must be disposed of. He is conscious of this surplus, keenly so. For there is nothing we are all so conscious of as a surplus over and above necessities. The only other thing we are more conscious of, or as conscious of, is grim necessity itself, the lack of what we really ought to have.

Here is where the crowd splits, this way and that. With some, the spill-over slips quickly and easily out through the fingers, an uncontrolled spill-over. At the year's end there is little, if any, of it left. The year has had more comforts. There has been more leisure. The speed has been swifter. There has been a bit of a feverish flush. And that is the year's story. But the man himself is weaker in character than he was.

With some, a spending-hoarding process goes on. The scale of living is changed, maybe radically. The apparel, the sort of house, 15

the home appointments, the general up-keep is on an elaborated scale. There may be donations to various demands pushed so persistently into his face that he must respond to keep his good standing with his fellows. And there may even be more, given with utmost good heart, to good things, and to the church things. There may even be mem- bership in the goodly fellowship of tithers. And that is blessed.

But the striking thing to mark is that all this sort of thing still remains a detail, maybe a substantial detail, but yet proportionately a detail. It is distinctly the small item in relation to the whole spill- over. Then there is the hoarding process that goes hand-in-hand with the increase of the reserve surplus. The capital one controls grows bigger. This is the spending-hoarding process as regards the ma- terial part.

The spill-over of time and energy and accumulated experience and skilled judgment and the like, this has been spent in things, maybe good enough in themselves, but it has not been under the thumb of the finer passion and purpose. And so there is a distinct loss in character, in the essence of life.

That is one way the road forks. And the crowd going down that fork is not a scanty, scraggling crowd. Many of them are lovable, cultured, earnest, religious and, in a good measure, consecrated people.

Then there is the other road leading from the forks. And here is where the passion comes in. Here is a man who finds the overplus of his energies and activities filling his hand, maybe quite beyond what he had dreamed possible. It makes a difference in his personal life. He can make better provision for personal items, for home and recreation, for more leisure, a deeper culture, and a broader outlook and for the future.

But there is a touchstone that guides him in all this. And it is a touchstone that reany controls. There is a sharp line drawn between comfort and luxury. "Whatever makes him stronger for life's task, stronger in the fine broad sense, stronger in character, that is now included, even though it may take in what was once classed as luxury, because not strictly necessary for actually getting along.

For, of course, whatever does not really add to one's strength, and that of the. personal group, character strength, as well as other strength, actually lessens strength. It saps strength. It leaves him and his really weaker in character than before. Here is the true dividing line between necessity or comfort (that which strengthens), and luxury. Whatever makes for strength is properly classed as necessity. It helps one fight better at his post.

Whatever does not make for strength in most cases actually detracts from strength. It is properly classed as luxury, or a hindrance. It is to be vigorously ruled out of the strong man's life. Yet no man may set a·standard for his fellow here, though brothers may advise

THE OVER-FLOW AND THE PASSION

together. The man himself off alone on his knees must make his own decisions. Only he can.

Here is where the strong man of the skilfully guided spill-over, the true layman, reveals himself. Whatever is left over after all this personal part is cared for, all this becomes the spill-over. Thought- fully, intelligently, deliberately, he so guides the current of that spill- over that it helps men get into touch with the Man Who died. That does not mean merely a matter of dollars and checks, though it in- cludes this, for this is immensely more than a money affair.

It includes also the spill-over of strength, growing ever finer- grained, and more of time, of accumulated experience in life's affairs, of seasoned judgment and culture and of the influence of one's person- ality in direct contact with his fellows. Regarding the money part it does not mean, of course, that he checks it all out to this Board or that. It means that this is the principle that governs him in its administration.

Of course, that word "layman" has other implications than the religious. There are laymen in the banking world, in law and medicine, in pedagogy and journalism, and so on. It is the old line of distinction between the professional who devotes his first strength to the specialty in question as his life work, and the non-professional who is so deeply interested in something quite apart from his regular vocation that this becomes the particular outlet of his surplus.

But in common usage, the religious is the first thought of the word layman. It is taken at first flush to mean one who devotes his spill-over to religious activity. The common contrast is between clerical and lay, the professional church leader (using professional in the fine good sense), and the non-professional.

Now, the spill-over of the strong man is turned steadily, skilfully, with an ever-growing skill of manipulation toward this end: getting men into touch with the Man Who died, and lived again, and lives. If once contact can be set up, that wondrous Man will :fix the rest. I mean that this is the ultimate objective under the intricate network and maze of activities of all sorts involved.

And now we come direct to the main thing. It is the thing all a-throb with exuberant abundant life, the thing under that skilfully manipulated spill-over-the passion. But it is more than a passion. It is a love passion burning as steadily as anthracite fed with oil. It is a passion for some One, the passion for a Man, the Man Who died-for the love passion always has a personality at each end of it.

This simply means that this strong man has had some touch with Jesus. That touch, that Man, has gripped him, grips him, and grips him hard. It means this: Jesus actually gave His life clean out for me when He didn't have to, except the have-to of His love. In the tightest of tight corners of my life, when no one could help, He died for me. And the realness of the thing has swamped my heart, even 2

while I hold the tight fist of control on the driving reins of my life.

It is swamped till it controls my control of those driving reins.

It means this: He has kindled His flames on the hearthstone of my heart till the heat and light have gone through the whole house of my life, pervading, mellowing, shaping, dominating as an atmosphere.

That is what passion means, the love-passion, the Jesus love-passion, that no other passion gets anywhere near in power, nor can.

That fire-passion once kindled, and not smothered out, nor smoked out, but allowed to burn, and kept a-burning, will bring four things into one's life. These things will certainly come in. They will stay in. They will get fuller, steadier recognition and place. They will shape the life, both in its regular channels and in its spill-over.

There will be a bit of quiet time every day alone, over the Book, with the Man Who died. His hand reaches out of that Book. He will keep the fires burning, ashes cleared out (quite a job with most of us!), fresh fuel put on and fed in gradually so as to get best fire re- sults, the drafts turned on, and so on. That's item one.

Alongside the Book, there will come to be something like a. map or chart, a literature or memoranda, of the outer world. The world of God gets in close to the Word of God when that world-sized Man, Jesus, gets in and is in control. There is intelligent touch with things outside, the facts, the needs and the strategy. It takes in one's own immediate contacts, church, business, social, neighborhood, city, na- tion, and then the greater, wider world.

That bit of daily brooding time, unhurried (even though your watch faces you), grows the quiet unhurried brooding spirit, through the day, in the tug and drive of things. There is the steady, un- swerving purpose, the poised judgment, the clear-seeing eye that looks under the surface and discerns; the keenly alert ear, the sym- pathetic human feel in personal touches. That is item three, the dominating purpose. .

There comes, too, to be a firm grip on one's self. For the strong man knows self-discipline, steady, poised, sane, sometimes stern, al- ways keenly alert. He must know it. The counter currents are so tremendous. The undertow is so treacherous and sudden, with such a terrific suction. Many a man is gone before he knows it, engulfed in the riotous waves, and then, maybe, boisterously, piteously, laugh- ing, to hide his defeat from himself. This is the fourth notch on the stick, the strong, thoughtful, self-discipline.

Such a man, a common man, in common touch with common life, uncommon only in the uncommonness of his devotion to the uncom- mon Man Who died, with such a passion kept at a fine normal blood heat by the same touch that started it-he is the true layman. He belongs to the Order of Laymen whose head is the Carpenter of Naz- areth, whose human spill-over will yet work out fully the redemption of this old world. '

BUS INESS MEN'S EVAKGELISTIC CL UB AT THEIR WEEKLY LUNCHEON

A Business Men's Evangelistic Club The Organization, Object, A ctivit'ies, ana Some R esults of the Business Men's Evangelistic Club of Chattanooga, Tennessee BY w. G. M. THOMAS, CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSE.E T HE business hours of the business man are busy hours. He seeks to concern himself with things worth-while and does not willingly waste these hours, or idle them away. What subject-matter, not professional, commercial, financial, or industrial, would attract fifty men and move them to form themselves into a group to meet every week at noon from 12: 15 to 1: 30 ~ 'i¥hat would cause fifty busy men in any city, in different lines of business and professional life, to carve out of their daytime an hour and a quarter each vVednesday and to continue this course for more than two and a half years, the interest increasing from month to month, and filling the lunch-hour with a good fellowship, with discussions, personal experiences and projected service ~ This hour and a quarter has yielded rich returns and high enduring values for a body of men in Chattanooga, Tennessee.

The Organization. In November, 1920, as an outgrowth of the city-wide evangelistic meeting held by Mr. W. A. Sunday, fift y business men organized the Business Men's Evangelistic Club of Chattanooga. Eight denominations of evangelical churches-including Episcopal, Baptist, Disciples, Presbyterian, and Methodist-are r epr esented ,in the membership. The single object of the organization is to lead men to accept Jesus Christ as Saviour and to enlist them in Christian activity. Any layman who is a member of an· evangelical church, and engaged in business or professional life, is eligible. Through its officers, committees and groups, the Club has been in operation for two and a half years.

The Membership includes manufacturers, city officials, merchants -wholesale and retail-schoolmen, lawyers, physicians, newspaper 19

men, bankers, insurance men, salesmen, and men of other avocations and professions. Every member is a busy man. Prior to their Clubmembership, a few may have had some training or experience in Christian service, others were from the ranks of the inactive professing Christian, while others were converted to Christ in Mr. Sunday's meeting-their Christian life having had its beginning shortly before the organization of the Club. Probably ~ot more than four or five had ever attempted to speak face to face to another man on the subject of his relation to Jesus Christ and most of the men would have been in consternation at the mere suggestion that he approach some other man upon any such subject. "Who am I that I should go unto Pharaoh!" was Moses' exclamation when God told him to bear a message to the Egyptian monarch! Gideon's excuse for not wishing to obey God's call to service was: "My family is poor, and I am the least in my father's house." 2 God's assurance to each of these two men was: "Surely I will be with thee." • Moses was herding sheep in the mountains; Gideon was thresh- ing wheat; Elisha was in a field plowing with twelve yoke of oxen; Matthew was in his tax-collector's office; Peter and Andrew were seining in the Sea of Galilee; and John and James were in their boats mending their nets, when the call came to them. This sheep-herder became the great leader of the Israelites; this farmer, the general-inchief in the most remarkable victory in history; this plowman succeeded Elijah as the prophet of God; this tax-collector and these four fishermen were five of the twelve men selected by Jesus to spread His Gospel over the whole world; and the one great event in the life of one of these fishermen, Andrew, is his act in bringing his brother, Peter, to Jesus Christ.

The Group and Team Work. The Club membership is divided into twelve groups; and, unless volunteers be called for, all assignments to service are made to the group. At the weekly lunch hour, reports are made, experiences are exchanged, work is planned and assigned. The teamwork of the men is cooperation in service. The weakness of each man is supplemented by the strength of all. Each member's faith is reinforced by the faith of the others. The Club has the value of the collective wisdom of all. In organization and association, there is heightened efficiep.cy and working power. One man may be able to plant, but not to water; another may water another's planting. God gives the increase.

OPEN AND WRITE FIELDS The Club covers Chattanooga, and the work extends into the country and towns thirty or more miles distant. Found everywhere is a soul-hunger that presses itself upon the hnman heart. This bunger is no respecter of men. It is in country, town and city; III 1 Exodus 3: 10, 11; 2 Judges 6: 15; 3 Exodus 3: 12; Judges 6: 16.

A BUSINESS MEN '8 EVANGELISTIC CLUB

cabin and palace; at the work-bench and in the counting room; in squalor and affluence. It is not intensified by poverty, nor is it satisfied by worldly gain.

Day by day it becomes clearer and clearer to the members of the Club that the most popular name in all the earth is the Name Jesus, and that the outstanding need of today is to make it plain to men-all sorts and classes of men, inside and outside the Churchwhat kind of an adversary (the Devil) is seeking their destruction, and what kind of a Saviour (Jesus Christ) is seeking their salvation. No system of ethics, no philosophy, no science, no mere reform Can answer this soul-hunger of the heart. Men need to get right with God; and the highest and richest service in which men can engage is to help other men to get right with God.

The Club discovers other facts: that the church pew is not as busy as it ought to be; that the professing Christian is sometimes A NOON-DAY SHOP MEETING HELD BY THE BUSINESS MEN'S CLUB At this meeting more than twenty men accepted Christ not the practicing Christian; that church membership does not always mean church activity; that a man's daily life speaks louder than his words; that in church membership, profession and practice do not always walk the same pathway hand in hand; that example and influence are far-reaching and more powerful than some men appear to consider them; and that a human life may be a stepping-stone, or a stumbling-block.

Over and over again, those approached have said to Club members: "I am sixty-two years of age, and you are the first person to speak to me on the subject of my soul"; "You are the only person in twenty years to invite me to Jesus Christ"; "I thank you, Sir. Often this subject has been on my mind, but no one ever before mentioned it to me."

The Club has no prescribed rule covering the amount or methods of personal work, but the members are urged to make it their practice to speak each week to at least one person upon the subject of his

personal relation to Jesus Christ. In thirty months there have been 8,331 of such interviews reported, and 1,532 conversions. No record is kept of a conversion unless the Club itself, through a member, or a group, or in a shop, or other Club-meeting, has been the instrument used of God to lead the man to his Saviour.

Sometimes-indeed, often-the seed-sowing has no visible harvest. The Club tries to follow up this, and the seed-sowing is done as wisely as the sower is able to do it.

Other Club Activities. Invitations and calls come to the Club from laymen, pastors, evangelists, church congregations, manufacturing plants, and others. No attempt is made to take the place of a minister of the Gospel but members undertake to serve as Christian laymen. They have their own personal experience as saved men through the atoning sacrifice of J esns Christ; and they are ready to stand as witnesses to the all-sufficiency of His''power to save from sin, and to transform into full-rounded life a man's inclinations, desires and powers.

Some activities are initiated by the Club, as for example, where a church was without a pastor, in a farming community twenty miles or more out from Chattanooga. The Club arranged a three weeks' meeting with three ministers-a Presbyterian, a Baptist, and a Methodist-to do the preaching and a group from the Club going in automobile to each service. As a result, there were more than one huudred conversions; and in follow-up meetings, these converts took the vows of the Church of their choice.

Whenever and wherever the Club, or anyone of its groups or members, holds a service, there is always an invitation extended in some form, and an opportunity is given to any person present to yield himself to Christ Jesus.

There is an Extension Committee, the duties of which are to promote the organization of personal workers' groups or teams in the churches of the city, suburbs and neighborhood; and the establish- Jllent in other towns and cities of men's evangelistic clubs similar to this Club. Many of the churches have set up such clubs in other towns and cities.

THE BIBLE In their own experience, and in what they witness day by day, these men have convincing evidence of the supreme authority of the Bible as the inspired Word of God, and as an all-sufficient guide to a man in his faith and life. A pocket-Testament is carried and the Club keeps itself supplied with copies of the Gospel of John to give away.

The Word of God is living, active, powerful; and the Bible gives God's aSSurance that as the rain and snow come down and water the earth, and make it bring forth and bud "that it may give seed to the

1924J A BUSINESS MEN'S EVANGELISTIC CLUB

sower and bread to the eater, so shall my TVord be that goeth out of my mouth; it shall not return unto me void." (Isaiah 55: 10, 11.) At the time of the preparation of this paper, 2,861 copies of the Bible, the New Testament and Gospels have been given out by the members. Sometimes nothing is done but to give a copy to a man with the request that he read it; and instances are not rare wherein this led him to give his life to Jesus Christ, and to join His Church.

WHY SUCH A CLUB?

Membership in the Club helps to train and develop a man for larger usefulness in his church. The Club's activities help these men to become better men and citizens. The Christian business man will not deliberately turn away and say "No" when his eyes are opened; he faces facts and conditions, and sees for himself the needs of men. Out in the world's highways and hedges are hosts of men. And all the hedges are not on back alleys, or on a country path, nor are all highways paved boulevards. There are hedges along avenues; and paved streets are- highways.

Not now.and then only, but often-unhappily, often-statements such as these have been made to members of the Club: "Sir, I do not see any difference between my conduct and that of many professing Ohristians."

"The church-members here exhibit no interest in me." "I am acquainted with professing Ohristians in this community, and I am a sinner and I know it, but their life is about like my life." "If what I see in these members of the church be Christianity, then I fail to see in it anything of value to me. " But concerning Jesus Ohrist, these same persons invariably answer: "Ah, Sir, that is a very different question! I find no fault in Him." The members of the Club meet men of all classes–classes of intellectual influence, education, property, occupation, and habits of life, but Jesus Christ and His Gospel appeal to all classes, attract them, and hold their thought and attention like nothing else in the world. In the Southern States there are 150 or more similar Men's Clubs. These are organized into an Association of Business Men's Evangelistic Clubs, and this general Association meets annually for a conference. In 1921, the meeting was in Atlanta-150 men attending from the different Clubs. The 1922 meeting was on Signal Mountain, a few miles out from Chattanooga, and 300 men from eleven states attending this conference. In October, 1923, the meeting was in Columbia, S. C. The 1924 conference will be held in Oolumbus, Georgia. A member of the Olub made a small purchase at a drug store. Because the package accidently slipped and fell, the druggist uttered

an oath. The purchaser said: "My friend, do you know you frighten me¥" "Why¥ What do you mean1" ""Vhen that package dropped, I heard you swear; and God says: 'The Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh His name in vain.' You frighten me." "Yes, I believe I did swear; but no one will ever hear me do it again."

Today that druggist is in the church, an official, and the teacher of the Men's Bible Class.

A Club member, passing a hospital in his automobile, saw another machine run up and stop with a man, pale and bloody, stretched upon the running-board. He overheard a third person ask, "What's the matted" The man on the running-board opened his eyes and said: "I was acting the – – – fool, speeding."

This calmness of the injured man, his language and desperate injuries, impressed the passer-by; and the next day he called at the hospital but the patient was too ill to be seen. Weekly thereafter for some weeks he continued to call, leaving reading matter such as pictorial magazines and the like. Finally he met the man and later, when the man was recovering, a copy of the Gospel of John was left with the other reading matter. The man was removed to his home and two or'three calls were made there. One day, the man on crutches walked into the office of this Club member to express his thanks, and when, with no crutches, he came the second time, a personal talk resulted. There in the office he accepted his Saviour and the following Sabbath he took his stand for Jesus Christ in the church of his choice.

On a business trip in his automobile, Mr. A—, a member of the Club, stopped in a to"",'ll and in "B's" office was engaged in a business transaction. A man of apparent education and culture, but thinly clad, and bearing marks of dissipation, entered, and asked financial help. "B, " in refusing assistance, all but ordered the man out of the office. " A," completing the business transaction, left the office, and found the man standing outside on the sidewalk. Engaging in conversation, he found that the man was out of money, had pawned his coat and other possessions, and was trying to reach the city of – – – where his mother lived. As" A's>t home was en route to this city, he invited the man to go with him in the auto. Arriving at home, " A" and another Club member gave the needed clothing to the man, took him to a hotel, and arranged for a room and meals until the next day. That night the incident troubled" A"; and the next morning he went early downtown to the hotel and found the man still in bed. The two had a conference, personal and direct, in which the man was led to Jesus Christ. Then" A" purchased a ticket, handed him a copy of the Gospel of John; and the man took the train to his mother's home. A few days later a letter came from the man's mother, and today the man himself is in the church with his mother.

A Layman's Visit to the Mission

Where Christ Is at Wark in Egypt, the Sudan and India BY FRED G. MACMILLAN, DES MOINES, IOWA Treasurer of the Central Iowa Fuel Company n;FTER sailing from New York, our first stop was Egypt, on the way to the Sudan and Abyssinia. When I saw the dirty, black Nile River, the twelve million people up and down this dirty, black Nile River, the women carrying the bundles and the men riding the donkeys, carrying blue parasols, in many cases the women leading the donkeys, these men and women and children anq donkeys all tak- ing a drink out of this same Nu.le River; when I saw men and women and children and donkeys all taking a bath at the same time in this same Nile River, women doing their weekly washing in this same Nile River-all this was too much for me, and I felt that I never wanted to see Egypt again. But we did return to Egypt, for Dr. Hart of the United Presbyterian Mission met us at Assuan and went with us to Luxor where we saw the great girls' school and the great school for boys that are doing so much in the way of transforming the lives of Egyptian youth. Every day they are being taught to read the Bible and to understand more about .resus Christ. In some of the Christian homes in Luxor we saw fathers and mothers who had come out of those schools; then I began to look on Egypt in an entirely different light.

From all over the world people go to Luxor to see the "Tombs of the Kings" and the temples that have been standing there for six thousand years, and they go away marveling at the wonderful monuments of past greatness, but many of these travelers never turn to see the great monuments that every day are being built in the lives of hundreds of the young boys and girls of Egypt. The iniiuence of these monuments will last thousands of years.

In Assiut we found the great college of the United Presbyterian Church with 1,200 boys who are being taught the Bible and about Jesus Christ. They told us that in over twenty years there has not been a graduating class that has not been 100% Christian. In the girls' high school in Assiut, over six hundred girls are also being taught the Bible and about Jesus Christ. Also there is the great hospital established by Dr. Henry, filled full to overflowing with the sick who are not only having their bodies cured but their souls as well. The Christian homes that have come out of those schools, and the Christian fathers and mothers, show what Jesus Christ is doing for Egypt. Two of the brightest spots in all Africa are the Assiut College for boys and the Pressley Memorial Institute school for girls. All up and down the Nile River in Egypt we found fathers and mothers of young men in high government and railroad positions, 25

who had come out of the Christian schools and colleges. What would Egypt be without the graduates of those schools ~ In Cairo we found the A_merican Mission College filled with girls being taught the Bible and about Jesus Christ. The American University in Cairo is attended by many high~class Mohammedan boys learning about Jesus Christ and being taught the Bible as well as general branches of education. The same kind of work is being done in the high schools of Alexandria, Tanta, and Cairo, and in the primary schools in many cities and villages of Egypt, with similar results. When we saw these things taking place so that lives are being transformed, the Nile did not look nearly so black or Egypt so uninviting. How. can anyone go to Egypt and see what Christ has done for Egyptians without believing in Jesus Christ and His transforming power 1 IN THE SUDAN What a wonderful place is the Sudan! It is worth a trip to Khartum just to see the sunrise in the morning and the wonderful sunset in the evening. But when Lord Kitchener captured Khartum and Omdurman after the death of that great Christian soldier and statesman, General Gordon, the British Government turned over the North Sudan to the Mohammedans, and today North Sudan is one of the darkest Mohammedan spots in all the world.

After traveling up the Nile River for days and days without seeing a living person, all at once we came to a great tribe of black people living along the banks of the river. Animals of all kinds, crocodiles, hippopotami and lions are found in the tall grass and along the river's bank. Thousands and thousands of men, women and children live there just as they were born, raising a little corn for their food, not one able to read or write and with no missionary there to tell them about Jesus Christ. As we rode along the river and waved at them from the boat, the children began to jump up and down. We waved them good-bye as we passed and left them to their desolate, neglected life, looking curiously at us. Those black people have fine-looking faces and bodies, but they will never be more than they are, unless we take to them the Bible and give them a Christian education and tell them of Jesus Christ.

When we came to Doleib Hill, we found a mission station that was established twenty years ago, five hundred miles from Khartum. Here we found a mission station, a school, a dispensary and a church. We found Christian men and women who have come out of the darkness, who have been baptized, and who know Jesus Christ. Although they have no Bible and no written language, and are just out of the darkest ignorance, yet their faces show the difference between those who are Christians and those who are not Christians.

We traveled for days, passing tribe after tribe of people with no missionaries~allliving along the banks of the river in ignorance and

1924J A LAYMAN'S VISIT TO THE MISSION FIELDS

darkness. Finally at Nassar, another United Presbyterian mission station, we found a great work going on under Dr. and Mrs. Joe Maxwell and Rev. and Mrs. W. J. Adair. We found too what Christ can do with those ignorant black people. Nothing but the Gospel of Jesus Ohrist, and the Bible, and a Ohristian education for those other tribes will ever stem the great Mohammedan tide that is sweeping on southward into Africa.

After many days of travel we reached Abyssinia, a wonderful country flowing with milk and honey-honey in the trees and cattle on the hills; a country that will grow anything that will grow in the United States-the finest coffee in the world, cotton, wheat, corn, potatoes, all kinds of vegetables, strawberries, and blackberries; with a most wonderful climate, an altitude of 7,000 feet and bordering on the Red Sea! There are perhaps twelve million people. It is nominally a Christian nation, with a Queen who boasts that she is a descendant of the tribe of Judah, and a Bible nearly like our own. But the people have fallen very low in sin and ignorance, and only a very few can read or write!

The day we were at Sayo, the Queen's brother told us if we would give every boy and every girl between the ages of six and eig'hteen an opportunity for a Christian education, they would promise that within twenty-five years Abyssinia would be a Christian nation, and that they would furnish missionaries for all that part of the world. This great country, with millions of people, is standing with outstretched arms, calling to us to come to tell them about Christ and to teach them to read and write, and to give them the true Bible.

WHAT INDIA OWES TO ENGhl.ND What shall we say about India~ A great land of 325,000,000 people-a great people, and a great country! Without the British Government and what it has done, it seems as if there could be no India today. Great irrigation systems. They have simply put water over millions of acres of gTound and transformed deserts into great beautiful gardens. We saw their wonderful gardens, highways, thousands of miles of railroads, and other benefits all given to India. The British Government has also given great help to the missionaries in their work.

But Jesus Christ has done infinitely more for India. Come with me to see the schools in which thousands of boys and girls are getting a Christian education, and know that these boys and girls are being taught the Bible and about Jesus Christ every day. The beautifullives of these Christian people show what Jesus Christ has done for India. Meet the Christian fathers and mothers with their children and see their happy faces as we speak of Jesus Christ. It is hard to realize that 92% of all the Ohristians in the churches of India come from the "sweeper" class. 'What else but the transforming

power of Jesus Christ could pick up these people from this dirt and filth and transform them into the beautiful lives we now seeT No one can go to India and see what .Jesus Christ is doing for India and not believe in Him.

GREATEST POWER IN MISSIONS What is the sum of the whole matter? As I was leaving India, one of the young missionaries, still in her language study, as I was saying good-bye, took me aside and said, "Pray for me." Then one of the oldest missionaries in the field said to me, "vVhen you go back home, tell the church and the people at home that we want more missionaries and more workers and more money, provided they are going to pray for us. Without Divine power and Divine guidance, we can do nothing. So, unless you are going to pray more, do not send anything more-missionaries or more money. " It is prayer that our missionaries value most of all.

As I came home on the boat, the question came to me: since I have had this opportunity of seeing all of these wonderful mission fields around the world, what of my duty~ First of all I determined to pray more for the missionaries and the native Christians. I determined that I ought also to be more interested in the Christian colleges and in work in America than ever before, for without our colleges and the training of the Christian young people in the home and Church we will have no leaders or preachers, no churches, and no missionaries. It is our duty and our privilege to strive more than ever before to live every day as we will wish we had lived when we stand before the judgment seat of Christ.

EGYPT BACKSLIDING W ITH the gradual withdrawal of the British from control of governmental and educational affairs in Egypt, there are many indications that the country is not in reality ready for enlightened and effective self-government. Bribery, favoritism and weakness are becoming evident in appointments to office in the courts and in the enforcement of rules for civil service examinations. Moslems and Copts are not as friendly as appeared when they were uniting in the movement for independence; rivalry and lack of mutual confidence are manifested in many ways. Land has dropped in value with the exit of many Britishers, for Christians fear that they will be unable to collect mOIley from Moslems through courts presided over by Moslems. More than education and a desire for independence are necessary for an effective government. Moral character, industry and a great objective, with unimpeachable honor on the part of high officials, are essential to keep the ship of state from going on the rocks.

Bible Among the

BY DAN ORAWFORD, ELIZABETHVILLE, CENTRAL AFRICA T AST month saw us going southwest to Bunkeya Conference and L all along the route we had roaring campfires in the forest.

Such welcome breaks into the more sedate life on a Mission Station and stirs up your sluggish blood. Your preaching, praying and palavering is much more real because much more in tune with reality. Then it is you see, and expect to see, sinners knocked over by God's power in the plain preaching of a simple line out of the Gospel. No frills, no fancies, just plain plenitude of power among plain people. Looking back I perceive now, better than I did then, that Pentecostal power is only available for souls on the move. Christ is moving on, "Visiting the Gentiles." And to fail to move on is to break with power in breaking with the moving-on-Christ. It was Gospel, Gospel all the way.

Myself. an old man, I sat down with six older ones. So being "the latest from the nursery" I waited for their wise" saws and certifications" on such a bed-rock business as old age and the inevitability of its end. And truly this rude forefather of the hamlet business is a soul-searching affair. This preaching of mine to such a crowd of burnt-out old fellows certainly presents no easy problem. Moot question: how to make the means mate with the manner1 It is by no means a matter of what they were or are or should be. If they cannot come to God with repentance they certainly can come for repentance. The best attribute of Christ is (how I read it out to them with relish!) "to give repentance and remission of sins." Yes, give it, the very repentance their dried-up souls have not got, lo! this is what Christ was exalted as a prince and Saviour to give.

Like a drowning man coming up for the last time, one old African shouted "no, itava" (I believe!). There was a broken noise in his throat, a sound that signified the crashing down of his old citadel of resistance. The old glaze had left his eyes, and these two were now a pair of fire-pits burning with intense intention. The word for believing is. the self-same form for" an echo." The picture is from one of their own resounding canons here, a whispering gallery, where one cry sends it echoing up and down the deep defile. Thus it is they make "faith" merely the echo-answer of the Voice, God's voice, speaking into, and receiving its own echo from all the crooks and crannies of the empty human heart. This is "faith," the Voice of God answering itself back from man's hollow heart. Same tone, same volnme simulating God's own. A loud exclamation means a loud ccho, and the more pronounced the Voice of God, the more pronounced the faith.

29

The return was a long journey over a new stretch of country. We passed Mushidi's grave and later we passed village after village heading for the great Ohuvo Falls. For one solid week we traversed more desert than oasis. Not a soul saved. Then came the conversion of a hard-mouthed but manly old fellow whose hair was white. Pictures have frames, have they not ~ Diamonds have a setting, and books have a margin. Well, this great conversion happened a la belle etoile. The great white moon was our only lamp. ,Vhite the foam of the Falls. White the hair of the stout old convert. And white as snow the soul of the old sinner washed in the blood of the Lamb! This negro Niagara thundered an accompaniment, like God's organ, as we sang the words: "Dear dying Lamb thy precious blood Shall never lose its power Till all the ransomed Church of God Be saved to sin no more."

Glad at heart we left, leaving word for a pastor to follow him up and diet him pro rata from milk to "strong meat." Next we struck Ohalwe's, the town of an old friend who wanted a Bible School. Then on to Mufunga's where we strike our great blue Plateau. Then we enter Ohona's ("The Destroyers") where we strike our own outlying folk, a choir meeting us five miles out from town, singing us in with dry throats, singing all that distance "I'm redeemed." Now ahead it is welcoming choirs all the way home to Luanza. At Kanswa, at Ohinkonka, at Tambe, all choral welcome until we sleep at the bottom of the Luanza range. Our idea is to slip in surreptiously to our great town for (being headachy and feverish 1) we want no more choirs. But someone betrayed us: a tell-tale boy at sundown tiptoed down the range walling Luanza on the west and lo! the secret was out, and next day here they come, choirs and more choirs, singing us in with, "Our Jesus hath done all things well." We smiled, headaches forgotten, clouds of dust ignored, and so we came home for God as we left for Him.

Over the next few weeks I pass briefly; then we come to the day of days. Two perspiring couriers came up the Palm Avenue, and the sun shining on their spears afar off heliographed their approach. Down goes the brown sack from· their brown shoulders and there they are at last! our long-lived, long looked-for New Testament published by the National Bible Society. It was the crisis of the century in our churches' history. I stood bound in every muscle, for the moment, by a sort of paralysis of pleasure. Then I sort of sobbed. One of our preachers sort of sang. Then all of us prayed t It had been the talk of a thousand campfires more than one thousand times. The arrival had been preached about and prophecied. Now at last, when it comes, we are awed into a childlike, uncaDlly contrition. Are we going to be worthy of it~ Are we now going to translate The

THE BIBLE AMONG THE AFRICANS

Word into Deed ~ The Bible now substantiates all we will say for God: liquid speech substantiated by printed page. But will we truly tmnsubst'arntiate all of it1 The News spread. Straight as the topography of Luanza would allow, it spread in a land that never had any book but The Book. No newspaper ever in this land. One oh-be-joyful sort of man gushed out at a street eorner in prayer: "Lord," he cried, "Now I have all: I have a gun to shoot with, bullets to charge it with, arrows for my bow, and a net for catching many fish!" It was all honest hearthunger in a hungry far-off land. :War-off from you and far-off from God.

The only bit of Bible that hits off majestically this heathen Bible hunger is away back in First Samuel 3: "And the word of the Lord was precious in those days: there was no open vision." Now in this new era the open Book means the open Vision. The divine definition of "The open Vision" is found in verse 18 where Samuel tells old Eli "every whit', and hid nothing from him." ResulU God reciprocates and we read in verse 19: "Samuel grew and the Lord was with him and did let none of his words fall to the ground." There you have an open Samuel and an open God. Samuel told every whit of the Word of the Lord to the aged Eli. And God did let none of young Samuel's words fall to the ground. Let us be "not-a-whit-ers" and God will reciprocate by being a "Not-Iet-one-of-your-words-fall-tothe-ground-er !"

At sun-down we had an open-air thanksgiving meeting when my text was: "But blessed are your eyes, for they see: and your ears for they hear. For verily I say unto you that many prophets and righteous men have desired to see those things which ye tlee and have not seen them and to hear those things which ye hear and have not heard them."

Before I rose to expound, a young native rose to ask God's blessing on my intended effort. It was the Mission cook who was praying. Therefore, praying for my yet-future exposition, he said: "Lord, may he cook it well and serve it up well!"

With the Devil so diabolically busy I heard today a real good African say, "Poor God!" (1nmce Lezaf). I could not shiver at the supposed blasphemy when I knew the man, serious, solid man and his manner of life. He meant what we have all burning in our breast. The exasperated reminder that God Most High has a million worlds obeying Him every second, but alas! He can only get a man or two now and then on this planet to do His bidding. "Poor God!" The sleepless Devil spends his endless energy trying to counteract one thing only, the "one thing that is needful."

While we have a great crowd of voluntary workers, never forget that we must have and must support the solid men set apart as preachers and pastors. These are our sheet-anchors, and ensure

service in unhealthy "black man" territory. Listen to this bit of "inside" information from one of my lieutenants far out in the "front line trenches." He writes; "I was reminded very forcibly of the need to help likely young men financially when out in the ·wilds. The preacher Chamunyonge has had two assistants with him or had when Bible school term was on. .And (splendid!) they had stuck on, these 'dependables' did, without a farthing of financial support for months. Then recently one has been really forced to go off to Likasi to get 'a cloth to wear' as he was getting ragged. I am so sorry that I had overlooked them but did not know until I asked Chamunyonge lately and then it came out that he had been getting reaUy nothing. Yet bravely held on! However, he is getting in touch with him again and hopes to send him and another Christian young man to Kalasa's and visit them from time to time as the one who went to Likasi left word that he would return whenever the Bible School term began. So this means three new Bible Schools and with the other two at Koni and Lukoshi's added to our list, IIallelujak! let us keep on praying!!!! Now if we can get two more going between Koni and Ejville we will have that road fairly well' linked up.' 'What more can I say ~ Does not this oh! so eloquently tell its own tale of true who look to God, not man."

This subject of support in the Gospel is a stinger when you recall the very first meaning of the word "Gospel." This glorious word has passed through three philological phases and the second and third are on everybody's lips. The well-known second is "the good news" itself. The third is the equally famous" Gospd of Matthew," etc. But how many people know that "gospel" first of all meant "the reward for bringing the good news" 7 For many a year our native workers gave us more than they ever got and only the advent of this foreign money has embarrassed them. These workers for God give more than we ever do. Only this week a godly man drew his mere pittance of support from me-for could he not get far, far more money from the world 1 ""Vell, that hundred francs he got-what did he do with it1 Humbly (and all atremble with the tension of soul-concern) he actually handed me back twentyfive out of the one hundred francs for God's work. Mark you, more than mere tithes.

Listen to the very first good thing I heard preached by a native from his new copy of the new version. It is a new" slant," a new exegesis of the words, "Peace from Him that was, that is, that is to come." Here is a fine fellow, the color of a cigar, telling us truly that this means "Peace from all points of the compass." Peace pointing to the past for "Peace from His that was" means that He was there when all my sins were sinned in the past! And He it is (both witness and judge) who pours peace over it all. So too with any present or future peace that is my portion. He was, -is, shall be there!

There you have it: God has made good His word that out of the mouth of these anthropological babes and sucklings He can perfect praise.

— – — — — – — – – – —- — – – — —– ——

THE BIBLE HOUR IN A DAILY VACATION BIBLE SCHOOL Winning the Unchurched Boys and Girls A Story of What the Daily Vacation Bible School is Doing to Win American Boys and Girls to Christ and His Standards of Life BY ADELINE GUENTHER, NEW YORK International Association of Daily Vacation BibleSehools T HE teacher was completing her record by listing each pupil's nationality, the parents' church affiliation, and other facts. Little Tony was a new member of the Daily Vacation Bible School and almost as new an American. He gave his answers proudly until the teacher asked, "What church do your father and mother goto, Tony~" Then he answered, "IDy, they don't go to any church now, teacher-we're Americans now I"

His answer provoked great mirth among the older pupils, but the teacher took it more seriously. She was spending her summer tryingto bring new-American boys and girls to an understanding of what Ohristianity might mean to them. What does the boy's answer mean to those who look into the future and think of the effect that such indifference to religion will have on the nation of tomorrow? No people can long continue in prosperity if they know little or nothing of the 33

religion upon which the nation has been founded and that is the basis of law and righteousness and peace.

"Since religion and morality are indispensable to the conduct of a republican form of government," began the clause in an old state constitution which dealt with the provision for public education. That was in the day when only those of one faith lived together in a given territory. Now when men of many beliefs live under one government, religious education cannot properly be given by the State, but must be left to the homes and the churches. The State has given secular education but the Church has not fully accepted its responsibility. Too many homes have failed to teach religion and one hour on one day in seven-fifty-two hours a year-is not enough time in which to teach children how to become citizens of the Kingdom of God, and how to live every day in harmony with the spirit and teachings of Christ.

Moreover,. while the children within the Church have a little time devoted to Christian education, it is estimated that fifty-eight millions of children in America have no connection at all with any church or Bible School. Imagine a double line of children, standing shoulder to shoulder from New York almost to San Francisco, and you have a picture of the number who are gJ10wing up in ignorance .of the Church and of the message and power of Christ.

Leaders of churches have gradually come to realize that one hour a week cannot meet the religious needs of children who are in the Church. Moreover, something must be done for the three children out of four that are not in the Church at all. These leaders investigated and found that during a long two months' summer vacation an army of children are free from the restraints of school attendance and study; thousands of competent teachers and other workers are willing and free to serve during the vacation months if the children need them; a billion dollars' worth of equipment and property, representing the churches of the country, have been generally lying idle for six days a week. From these facts came the idea of a new school to give many children the foundations of character and citizenship. The "Daily Vacation Bible School" has as its basic principal the allround development of the child, even as the boy Jesus grew, "in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and man."

Twenty-two years ago the first Daily Vacation Bible School was held in New York City. Last summer about seven thousand such schools were held over the United States, Canada and the mission fields. The plan has spread like wild-fire, for the movement has met, and continues to meet, a very real need of the children and of the Church, and has become a very successful home missionary method. In these schools in four or six weeks the child often learns as much of the Bible message in verse and story as he could get in a year at the ordinary Sunday-school. Thousands of children who would other-

WINNING THE UNCHURCHED BOYS AND GIRLS

wise know nothing of Christian teachings learn here to respect the religion that brought our forefathers to found our American nation. All classes of children are reached in the city and in the country, among foreigners, in coal mining camps and in cotton mill districts. The Daily Vacation Bible Schools are particularly effective in reaching children who are not otherwise reached by the Church.

The cotton mill villages, scattered through the South, are made up mostly of workers who come from the mountain regions. They are of the purest Anglo-Saxon ancestry, with an ingrained love for things religious and are, nominally, Protestant. The states and the mill owners have provided liberally, in a majority of cases, for the physical and social well-being of their workers and the children. They 'fHE OPENING DAY OF A D. V. B. S. IN A MINING 'fOWN IN COLORADO have, in the better-equipped villages, community workers who take charge of the "Velfare House-medical care, social activities and community life. They have public schools with carefully selected teachers. In some cases, the owners have erected church buildings where services may be held when it is possible to secure a minister. But the social workers and the mill owners cannot take charge of the religious activities. Even where there is a Sunday-school with occasional preaching services- a condition which does not prevail in most cases -there is no systematic Christian training for the children. One of the mill owners said: "They have everything but religion here-" If the Daily Vacation Bible School did nothing more than provide 'enjoyable, profitable employment for these children during the summer months, when the public school is closed and fathers and mothers are busy in the mills, they would be valuable. But when they provide distinct religious training, when they teach Bible stories, hY1llIls and

GIVING A "HABIT TALK" IN A DAILY VACATION BIBLE SCHOOL. BROOKLYN CHURCH Christian habits of thought to many otherwise neglected children, they become priceless. Wherever they have been organized, parents, mill owners and children have been very happy over the results. A local lay worker writes: "We feel that the Lord used this school to deepen Christian experience and enlarge the vision of both parents and children in our community, where we have been laboring for some years to win souls to our Saviour and train Christians in Kingdom service."

The work that the Daily Vacation Bible Schools have done thus far in reaching the unchurched children of the mill villages needs to be multiplied literaJly hundreds of times in order to touch the lives of those who have all the advantages of citizenship in our so-called Christian country, save only that of learning to know Christ.

The situation in coal mining camps is, if anything, even worse than in mill districts. In many of these camps where thirty or forty families live, there is absolutely nothing in the way of a public building. The children are sent to the next camp to school. There is no attempt to provide for the social welfare of the miners and their families, and there is an appalling absence of anything approaching religious instruction. In the better camps there is often an industrial Y. M. C. A. building, which sometimes serves for the public school, and occasionally even a small frame church building. Many of these camps are somewhat migrant, .and some are almost entirely isolated. In some there is a Sunday-school, but where the teachers are untrained and the Christian spirit is lacking in the homes, more is needed. A worker in a mining territory in Colorado writes that "a regular meeting of a Sunday-school in this neglected camp, where the children must walk a mile to enjoy the share of a friendly tree, is very much needed."

Last summer the Daily Vacation Bible School has demonstrated its value more than ever before in these coal mining camps. In every

WINlI.'1NG THE UNCHURCHED BOYS AND GIRLS

A CHINESE DAILY VACATION BIBLE SCHOOl, IN NEW YORK CITY case the schools have been reported as eminently successful. One small school, in a camp where there were eighteen children, had a perfect record of attendance for every day that the school was held. One supervi.sor of a school, held in an industrial Y. M. C. A. building, said: "We expected to have to use hawsers to get the children to attend, but we found that we would have had to use bludgeons to keep them away." A Home Mission worker in a coal mining section, who had eighteen Daily Vacation Bible Schools in his area, says, "We are all enthusiastic about this work as a practical Home Mission agency. " It can be put on by those who would be otherwise engaged at other tt!TIes of the year, and has thus proven exceedingly practical. The term is long enough to make real education in the fundamentals of Christianity possible, and the results are real and permanent. After a Daily Vacation Bible School is over, the little Sunday-schools which do exist in some of the camps report an increased interest and effect. Boys who had hitherto scorned anything like Sunday-school, become interested attendants, workers and leaders. In one camp a Daily Vacation Bible School was organized by a denominational Home Mission secretary. ·When the term was over, the children continued to hang around the building, so a woman was sent out for parttime religious instruction from a neighboring town. The parents began to attend and were interested. Sunday services were begun and a preacher sent out, directly as a result of the interest of the children in the Vacation School. Today there is a live church in that camp, where before there had been no interest in religion, and no opportunity for such an interest to be aroused. Now foreign and American mine laborers are proud attendants and supporters of the church at "The Christian Centre."

A third group, part of the fifty-eight million children who are outside the Church, is found in the foreign sections of our great cities. One large eastern city has a population of 55,000 Italians of whom only 5,000 are in any way connected with any church. The immigrant

has left his church in the old country and has not connected himself with any church in the new country. Down in a dirty, crowded foreign district, a Daily Vacation Bible School teacl18r had gathered into her kindergarten scores of little children. One morning she told them the story of the Good Shepherd and how He cared for His flock. She brought out the fact that Jesus is our Good Shepherd, "and so," she concluded, "Jesus takes care of us and watches over us, because you see He loves us." There was a long spellbound silence around the circle of children, until one boy, bolder than the rest, but evidently voicing the thought of all, said timidly, "Say, Teacher, is that really true?"

In another city, among a different class of children, the Daily Vacation Bible School laid the foundation of the Bible work in the Old Testament stories. And these stories were so dear to the children MODEL OF TOWN OF NAZARETH MADE IN A DAILY VACATION BIBLE SCHOOL that by and by some of the mothers, heavily shawled, and carefully shielded from contamination, came to listen. Day by day the lives of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were unfolded to the group. Then one day, one mother said, "When do you tell the Jesus Story, Teacher1" "Oh, I'll tell that to you by and by." The lessons went on, and still other mothers asked, ""When do we hear the Jesus Story ~ " One day, when the time seemed right, the teacher told the sweetest story of all, the Jesus Story. At the close of the session, one little boy shyly volunteered the information, "vVe didn't think the Jesus story was like that. We like the Jesus story."

One day a teacher came and asked: "vVhere can I get some Bibles for my children? Most of them are little Polish children, and most of them have never been in churches. I wish you could see the way they hang on every word of the Bible story each day. And after school they fairly swarm about me, just to get a chance to hold the Book and read some of the stories for themselves. Where can I get some Bibles? "

WINNING THE UNCHURCHED BOYS AND GIRLS

Parents of these unchurched foreign children are often shy and fearful of the strange churches and strange workers, but when their children have been taken into the Daily Vacation Bible School and have learned to love the Church, the parents are won. One large downtown mission church where such a school has been on the regular program for years, has a staff of Sunday-school teachers, everyone of whom first came into the church and Sunday-school through the influence of the Daily Vacation Bible School. In another city, a little Chinese boy entered a church where the D. V. B. S. sign was hanging. His father became interested and the church more so and before long a class of seventeen adult Chinese was a department of the church. In Chicago, New York, Pittsburgh, Detroit, St. Louis and other large cities, the Vacation School has found its largest development in the sections of the city unreached by the Protestant Church and in many cases has been the only means of presenting the Gospel of Christ in the districts made up almost entireJy of Catholics, Jews, and those of no religious faith. In San Francisco, and other cities on the western coast, these schools are almost the only means by which the Christian teachings are being carried to the Russian, Chinese and Japanese children.

A fourth group of neglected children without Christian training in America is found in the frontier towns in states like Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas. In San Antonio, schools have been conducted exclusively for the Mexican children and have served as the only means by which evangelical truth has been brought to the Mexican families. In the frontier districts of Montana, Idaho, and Arkansas, the district denominational missionary workers have been using Vacation Schools to reach the frontier children whose parents have no church connections and who in many cases were totally ignorant of the Bible. One worker reported: ""Vhen the School opened there was not a child who could repeat the Lord's Prayer or the twentythird Psalm. In fact they did not know a single verSe of Scripture. Vie have many such localities yet to be reached." In these small frontier towns and villages, almost isolated from the rest of the world by reason of the difficulties of transportation, these schools, put on by a corps of workers with their intensive program, often provide the only Bible instruction and Christian training the children have.

More and more the Daily Vacation Bible School is being used as a Home Missionary agency and as part of the evangelistic program of the churches. One Sunday-school, whose average attendance increased from sixty to four hundred within four years, attributes its steady growth to the fact that a Daily Vacation Bible School has been held each summer as a regular part of the church program.

Thus the Daily VacaHon Bible School has been serving the children of America and preparing them to take their rightful places in Church and State. It ha~ increased the time spent in Christian edu-

cation for the child already within the Church; it has brought into the Church many parents and children who would otherwise have remained strangers outside; it has been the means of bringing the Bible and Christian training within the reach of thousands whom the churches have not yet been able to touch. The combination of Bible stories, work and play, whenever possible carried on within a church building, helps them to understand that Christianity is not a matter only of how they pray, but of how they play-that it is not for Sunday alone, but for all departments of life every day in the week. There, in these schools, for a few hours each day for several weeks, the child r eally lives in a Christian community, working with others for the good of those less fortunate, or for the benefit of the whole school. Lessons are learned and experiences gained which help the boys and girls of today to become a truly Christian generation. There the Church is also winning and holding boys and girls, as they develop, "in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and man."

The idea of these Schools has been promoted and the work carried on in new territory through the various denominations, the Religious Education Councils, Clmrch Federations and particularly by the International Association of Daily Vacation Bible Schools, 383 Madison Avenue, New York City, which is the "operating auxiliary" of the International Sunday School Council of Religious Education.

the Mission Boards Hope to

Plans for 1923 to 1924 The Secretaries and members of the llnd operation as well as in origin and Foreign Mission Boards of the vari- goal. Through unseen media, it is ous denominations correspond with easy for us to believe in the release their missionaries on the fields so as of spiritual forces through prayer and to direct their work. They make up through other mt'ans at the command the budgets so as to meet, as nearly as of those in contact with God. A possible, the most pressing demands Church, impressed with the deep need of the work and most of them plan of the non-Christian world and con- carefully to reach certain objectives vinced of its own ability to meet it during the year. These obj'CCtives re- will willingly send overseas the neces~ late to the sending of new mission- sary force and funds. For the pur- aries, the enlistment of the definite pose of establishing better this double cooperation of more churches at home; contact of the Home Base with the the reaching of certain standards in power of God and the need of the education and religion. At our re- world, special campaigns to inspire quest, a number of the Board Secre- and inform the Church are being con- taries have bl:iefly stated these objec- ducted which should lead to more ade- tives as follows: quate support of its great interna- tional task.

Presbyterian Objectives 'l'he Board is placing increased The Post-Vvar Conference of the emphasis upon careful surveys of Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- each misS'ion field, with a closer study sions, with representatives of its and clearer conception of the local twenty-seven missions and of the home objectives as part of a general plan.

Church, stated its great and continu- Probably the largest single element of ing objective as follows: change which our missions are all "The supreme and controlling aim undergoing is that of developing the of foreign missions is to make the Lord leadership and responsibility from the Jesus Christ known to all men as their fOTeign mission to the native Church.

Divine Saviour and to persuade them In many lands, the rapidly growing to become His disciples; to gather competence and consecration of na- these disciples into Christian churches tional Christians are bringing a con- which shall be self-propagating, self- dition where the church must increase supporting and self-governing; to co- and dtheesirmabislesiodnevmoluusttiodnecmraeayspe~· octeheadt operate., so long as necessary, with this these churches in the evangelizing of in the wise and right way is an out- their countrymen and in bringing to standing interest of our Board.

bear on all human life the spirit and Soldiers of Christ enlisted in for- principles 0:1' Christ." ~ign ser~ice need constantly to grow This year the Board has been reor- III eapaClty to meet the ever increas- ganized through the union of the As- ing demands upon them and the Board sembly Board of Foreign Missions, has arranged that the entire first fur- the Woman's Board and the Commit- lottgh and muc7t of later fttrloughs be tee on Work in Europe. To increase spent tn a<lvanced stndy; for this the strength and raise the morale of purpose, the initial term o"f service has the Home B'ase, the Board plans to been decreased to five years and this cultivate intensely the spiritual fac- winter the first five-year group is in tors involved, for the enterprise is the homeland bnsy at further inten- predominantly divine in its motive sive preparation for service.

41 The prospect on every mission field Alliance which took place in Stock- is encouragiJlg and presents a great holm in July. The Board recognized chaHengB of need and opporhmity to that the present moment is one of which we hope that the home Church spiritual awakening and great oppor- will respond in a way which not only tunity throughout Europe.

will preveut any retreat because of HOME DEPARTMENT: The Board is the present burdensome deficit of the rende]'ing its fullest cooperation to Board but also will make possible a the General Board of Promotion which steady and substantial advance wor- is leading the promotional work of all thy of the cause to which our repre- our missionary o]'ganizations. Every sentatives overseas are devoting them- effort will be made to bring about the selves so faithfully and -effectively. successful conclusion of the New GEORGE T. SCOTT. World Movement, now in its closing year. Our budget for the present ADlcrican Baptist Aims year amounts to $1,837,890. It is FOREIGN DEPARTMENT: During the hoped that funds will be seeured to past year the American Baptist For- reduce considerably the very heavy eign Mission Society has reviewed the deficit carried over from previous policies under which it has been oper- years. Measures are being introduced ating for the past decade with a view with a view to securing a larger interto making such modifications or addi- est in the work abroad and a fuller tions as the ,present problems in for- degree of support both on the part of eign missions seemed to render desir- ehurches and individuals. able. The outstanding features of P. H. IjERRIGO.

the policy as now adopted are as fol- lows: Southern Baptist Progr8Dl The intens'ivB development of the Unparalleled opportunities, at home work in sections already occupied and on foreign fields, challenge us to rather than the entrance upon new renewed vigor and deeper consecrafields. tion in efforts and prayers for the missionary enterprise. The effort to develop within strategic areas strong Christian communi- ties which shall be permanent forces The Foreign Mission Board of the for evangelization and will gradually Southern Baptist Convention is, as a assume full responsibility for the ex- primary and supremely important tension of the Kingdom in their own part of its work, reenforcing with all lands. Members of the indigenous its might the Seventy-five Million Christian churches should be called Campaign of Southern Baptists on into positions of leadership as rapidly which it is depending mainly for the as possible. Our missionaries are pre- support of its work. It is our hope pared to welcome the day when they that between now and the end of may stand beside or behind their na- April 1924, when the present South- tive brothers as advisers and helpers ern Baptist Convention year ends, in the great task. this Campaign shall be greatly acceler- Re-emphasis upon the necessity for ated in movement and substantial re- Ch"istian education which the Board lief may thus be secured for the work deems to be at this time a matter of of this Board. As concerns home most pressing importance. finances, this is ou]' chief concern and Cooperation with other Christian shall be our main business for the next groups working in the same field on twelve months. In this effort we ex- such a basis as shall not compromise pect to use not only the office force denominational principles. and Board membership, but mission- Greatly increased interest in the aries at home on furlough and every Enrope(Jjn field has been brought about other instrument and agency at our by the meeting of the Baptist World command.

WHAT THE MISSION BOARDS HOPE TO DO

Our plans and objects vary on the cnred for Roumania her present rating many mission fields of this Board. On some we are seeking to strengthen the among the nations of the world, more cooperati've spirit between missionaries and workers and promote a perfect than 300,000 of their young men. .understanding of the policies of the Board; on others we are seeking to "Moreover Greek Catholics, who are th., strengthen a rather laggard spirit of self-support among the churches; on main instigators of persecution in still others we are endeavoring to stabilize wavering situations, gain a Roumania, are guaranteed all the firm footing and get ready for an assured advance. We are gradually but privileges and protection of Baptist rertainly working out educational pol- icies for all the fields by which we people in America, while their ecclesihope to avoid the unnecessary duplication of educational and other insti- astics in Ronmania are seeking to tutions, the over-emphasis upon institutional features of the work, and to manipulate public officials for the opcome to general understanding as to the class of educational work which pression and persecution of men and this Board proposes to foster, and the limited extent· to which it may be ex- women of our faith. These facts make pected to go in the multiplication of educational institutions of any par- persecution in Roumania more painticular grade. ful to us and the more inexplicable. As always, Southern Baptists are in their foreign mission work as in We protest in the name of millions of their home work seeking as their chief and controlling ideal evangelistic re- Baptists and the Christian conscience stt/ts. Weare persuaded that nothing else can so certainly secure the life of the world. J. P. I~OVE. and succe~s of the foreign mission enterprise as such sound and passionate Disciples' Golden Jubilee Goal preaching of evangelical truth as brings men and women to repentance, The following resolution was ap- faith in the Ijord Jesus Christ and proved by the Executive Committee experience of the new birth. It is and Board of Managers of the United the purpose of this Board in the years Christian Missionary Society, and by to ~ome to let nothing get in the way the International Convention in ses- of this main business of a mission sion at "Winona Lake, Indiana, Sep- board and of mission workers. tember, 1922: The severe, unprovoked and inex- WHEREAS, the 22d of October, 1924, cusable persecution of our Baptist marks the fiftieth anniversary of the people in Roumania constitutes the organization of the Christian Wom- darkest chapter in the history of our an's Board of Missions, therefore be it work for the present year. The connivance of Roumanian statesmen in Resolved, That in fitting recognition this persecution is made the more of this historic event, and to meet the painful to Southern Baptists, and I urgent needs of our work, the womanam persuaded the Christian people of hood of our churches in the United America generally, because America States, Canada and the mission fields has been the ally of Roumania and is lmite in a Golden Jubilee gift of one her steadfast friend. Southern Bap- million dollars, and in securing 50,- tists gave to war service, which se- 000 new members for our societies: Be it Further Resolved, 'I.'hat this sum of one mil- lion dollal's shall be, if it is found pos- sible, used in the erection of fifty of the most needed buildings at home and abroad as the Bxecutive Commit- tee of the United Christian "Missionary Society shall direct. Be it Also Fur- ther Resolved, That the Golden Jubilee shall be furth-er celebrated by a great demonstration to take place at onr ]924 couvention (in Ohio if possible), participated in by all the states an:d provinces and mission fields, at which time this gift shall be presented.

A fifty-dollar bond shall be the unit 4. Two hundred thousand dollars in individual gifts with the major porof our gifts.. . tion for the General Fund.

Each state and province has adopted 5. Stewardship Study Classes in 2,000 churches. its share of the Jubilee aims and is 6. The Budget System, the Every- , going forward with courage and faith Member Canvass, and Weekly Giving, in all of our churches, and monthly that they will be attained. remittances of the missionary offer- ings. Fifty thousand, net gain (through 7. Increased emphasis on the Gennew and already organized societies) eral Fund among all donors.

is the aim in membership. If this aim 8. At least a 10% increase for churches which reached their goals is attained, it will add at ieast $100,- this year, and at least a 15% increase or all other churches, to the General 000 a year to the support of our world- .B'und of the Society.

wide work. 9. A Half Million Dollars for mis- sions, from the Bible Schools. ]<'ive thousand new subscriptions 10. The Golden Jubilee Aims of 500 for King's Builders and fifty thou- New Societies; 50,000 New Members; $1,000,000 Jubilee Gift; 50,000 New sand new subscriptions for World World CaU Subscriptions; 5,000 New King's Builders Subscriptions; 50 Call, which is the Jubilee aim, would New Buildings, to be realized by Sep- tember 30,1924. BERT WILSON. create a new interest in world missions Some Methodist Objectives and a new conscience in stewardship. The period covered by th'8' Centen- It is fully understood that our ary Movement of the Methodist Epis- copal Church comes to a close on June auxiliary organizations will give as 30, 1924. The question is what shall be the Post Centenary program for much for the regular work of the the Church. The council of Boards of BenevolencE', charged by the govern- United Christian Missionary Society ing body of the Church with responsi- bility for a new program, called on in the year ending June, 1924, as they each Board for a survey of its field and a statement of its plans for the did in the year ending June, 1922. next ten years following the Centen- ary period, with special attention to '['he $1,000,000 is to be an expression the first year's need. A survey of the foreign mission field was made on this of appreciation on the part of our basis. This first year program of all the Boards is called the "WORLD great brotherhood for the woman's or- SERVICE PROGRAM" of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The needs for ganized missionary work and what it this nrst year are classified as follows: has 'meant to the local church and to The direct appropriations to the field, pensions, administration and world missions. other general expense items bring the total of what has been designated as One of the greatest needs in our the "Legitimate Needs" of the For- eign Board work to $12,015,900. missionary work at the present time It may be of interest to note that is better equipment. The $1,000,000 the above total for direct appropria- will provide for fifty of the most lleeded buildings in the home and for- eign lands.

GENERAL SLOGANS 1. "As much for others as for ourselves. "

2. Per capita gifts to missions from the Brotherhood increased from $2.95 to $5.00 as soon as possible.

SPECIFIC AIMS 1. Add 100 Living-links, bringing the total up to 450, 30 of these from individuals and 70 from churches.

2. One hundred and fifty thousand dollars in annuity gifts to the United Society by June 30, 1924.

3. An active educational program on the making of Christian wills and the securing of at least $250,000 written in wills in favor of the United Society.

1924J WHAT THE MISSION BOAHDS HOPE TO DO

tions is apportioned $4,116,402 for felt along with other churches follow- evangelistic work, $4,116,125 for edu- ing upon the War and its immediate cational work, $1,014,085 for medical aftermath. Our main and most im- work and $1,670,488 for other and portant objective at present is to se- general departments, making in all a (jure funds that will maintain the total of $10,915,100. regular work of our Missions in the While the prime objective of the grcat fields of Japan, China, India and WORLD SERVIn: PROGRAM of the Meth- Arabia without diminution. The op- odist Episcopal Church is the portunities which the new and strong str·engthenil1.'f of the spiritual life of nationalistic spirit in all these coun- the congregations throughout the tries has made even greater than be- world, the working out of the details fore call for all the resources that we thereof is necessarily committed to can summon. vVe are not for this the various conferences and local 01'- year planning any new enterprises.

g'anizations both in America and on All that can be done in that direction the foreign field. beyond the maintenance of our reg- The only con,~ete statements which ular and progressing work will be can bc readily made are the financial required for the rehabilitation and re- statements here summarized. construetion of our work so seriously WM. B. 'rOWER. affected in Tokyo and Yokohama by Southern Methodist Pla.ns the recent earthquake. We expect to go forward with the 1. The foremost thing in our pro· gram is the collection of our Cen- plans formed last year in developing the Union Mission in Mesopotamia in tenar'Y pledges. There are several cooperation with the otber Boards of millions still unpaid, and this is the tbe Presbyterian-Reformed family of fifth year, when all of these pledges churches. This does not involve an fall due. Weare planning vigorously advance beyond that which was deterfor making a "pay-up canvass" in mined upon last year and wbich will December and January. be more thoroughly realized we expect 2. In view of the fact that we are in the coming year. nearing the close of the Centenary, we have planned a thorough and exten- WM. 1. CHAM;BERLAIN.

sive cultivation program on Missions The Reformed Church in the United Sta.tes for our entire Church.

3. Weare launching a vigorous and The important objective is a $50,- Church-wide movement for the secur- 000 Thank-offering in November to ing of special directed gifts, through build a Thank-offering Hospital in our Bureau of Specials, to aid us in China for Women.

carrying our enlarged missionary pro- An Increase in Membership-" Tak- gram after the Centenary period. ing the Trouble to Double. II 4. A full and complete plan of co- Enlisting the Young Girls-And a operation with the Sunday School Mission Study Class in Every Society.

Board, the Epworth League Board, Every organization to be Front and with onr Conference Boards of Line Societies. The Special Methods Missions, including joint schools of are Institutes in every district.

e11iciency, a Church School of Mis- The incident in Ohio is the merger sions, and the preparation and circu- of two large synodicals into one or- lation of suitable literature. ganization. Will convene September These are the salient features that 27 to October 1. 1923. This means are challenging our attention at the prayer-more efficiency-more coop- present time. W. W. PINSON. erating and larger service for this Reformed Church in America State. Home Mission Budget, 24 workers, Weare bending all our energies to $16,242.80; Foreign Mission Budget, overcome the reaction which we have $18,563.20. ANNA L. MILLER.

MBTHODS

EDITED BY MRs. E. C. CRONK, 721 J'IrTHliIINIlERG BUILDING, PHrr,ADELPHIA, P A.

PRAYER AND PUBLICITY T HOUSANDS of missionary workers all over the world are adop~ing as the basis of their missionary methods the four short words given by Pastor D. IVr. Stearns as the foundation of all successful missionary methods: Ask God – Tell People Prayer and publicity are two of the BEST METHODS for missionary work. There are those who believe most earnestly in prayer who think of publicity only as a rather questionable method adopted by individuals who like the limelight for the exploitation of their personal achievements.

Missionary work is essentially publicity work in the finest sense with representatives sent out into all the world. "Go and tell"-"Go and publish,' '-" Go and preach," are among the commissions given.

First of all our prayer should be "Lord teach us to pray" and after that" Lord teach us to go and tell."

BEST OF PUBLICITY REPRESEN. telephone, telegraph, wireless or radio.

TATIVES – THE TONGUE lie simply told His disdples; they told their own brothers, their kinsfolk, Helen Barrett Montgomery has sug- and friends. They halted chariots gested "Let's talk about our real from Ethopia to tell the retinue of work. It is inevitable – we cannot queens; they walked by the seashore help it if we would. All unconsciously to tell the fishermen; they sat in the our hourly talk is about our daily business. • No more surely does the market place to tell the tradespeople; merchant talk shop, the teacher school, they went to the temple and into the the farme'r crops, the lawyer court, synagogues to tell the assembled multhan do men and women talk of the titudes; even in prison they told their things that most deeply interest and jailers – everywhere they went they engage them. Talk is a touchstone. were publicity representatives, sipeak- Is our conversation most animated, ing of the things they had heard and eager, natural and unwearied about seen. business, clothes, servants, teas and If Christians today talked of Christ theaters r Then in spite of protesta- and the things of His Kingdom; if tions and subscription books these are missionary workers talked missions; our main concern and' busyness.' Out if everyone who is a Christian told of the fullness of the heart the mouth only one who is not, of the love of God speaketh. " and brought him to Jesus, it would not be long until the angel's message When Christ bcgan His Church on of good tidings of great joy would earth there were no great dailies, no really reach "all the pe'Ople."

weeklies or monthlies. There was no Let's talk about our real work.

46 PUBLICITY AND THE MISSION substantially the cost of a leaflet. It is better to tell one interesting inci- BOARD dent in a few words, blending care- fully a graceful mixture of type-hav- By JULIA LINCOLN MILLS ing it hand set when possible – than to write a whole book about the work Secretary of Puhlicity Department of the and cram it all in one leaflet. Board of F'oreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. It is also well to remember that this is a picture age. Our eyes are trained The Missionary Publicity Depart- to convey to the mind a story in photoment is a clearing house of ideas. graphic form; therefore the picture Here suggestions of every nature are in missionary pUblicity has never assembled and put into such form as played a more important part. It is, would interest the various missionary however, possible to use too many organizations of the Church. It also photographs, particularly little one~. acts as a service bureau for the Mis- One or two enlargements that tie up sion Board and for the constituency. the story are worth more than a quan- It endeavors to answer all questions tity of smaller cuts scattered through pertaining to the organization of so- a leaflet. cieties, and when requested selects material for various kinds of meet- Varied are the avenues of approach ings. by a publicity secretary of a mission board and many are the blind alleys, Missionary publicity is classified but in all the great purpose is to prennder several heads: organization ma- sent Christ for" In Christ is Life proterial giving information to various vided for all mankind." groups or societies; promotional material showing the progress of the MISSIONARIES AND THE SECULAR work of the Board; free literature printed in simple form; pay litera- PRESS ture presenting missions in a more attractive manner. Pav literature acts By REV. J. T. BRABNER SMITH, CHICAGO, ILL_ in a meaFmre as a barometer for the general interest in missions through- Division of Publieity, Department of Eduout the Church. Newspaper, graphics, cation, Committee on Conservation and and religious press articles are also Advance, Council of Boards of Benevohandled as publicity. lence, Methodist Episcopal Church The major part of missionary pub- Is it possible to secure space in the licity, however, is confined to leaflet secular press for missionarv activiproduction, and here the greatest care should be exercised that the old mis- ties r Do the publishers and editors sion "tract" be not perennial. For many years there seems to have been of the great me1ropolitan city and a mold for the production of the mis- county newspapers welcome stories or sionary leaflet: tight set-up, small news of missionary activities' Our type, boxed cover, shiny paper, black experience of over eight years in ink; but tim€s have changed, and secular publicity would compel us to those who are responsible for mission·- say "yes.' , We had the assurance of ary literature do well to study modern editors, publishers, and writers of advertising, to know that shiny paper Chicago papers at a recent conferis not essential to reproduce satisfac- ence on church publicity that such tory illustrations; that wide margins news was acceptable. We predict that and open spaces are as necessary as in the near future church news will the text; that soft tinted paper, col- be as welcome by the secular press as ored ink, simple title pages or covers sporting, society, or business news. and blank back pages appeal to an artistic sense and often reach a new What shall we send to the newsaudience heretofore not interested in papers? Most missionaries write perthe "tract." None of this increases sonal experiences in letters from the missionary field to the general offices in the United States. Some mission- aries send parish letters to the home

office which are really the personal throughout the United States, and he experiences of the missionary. The gecures very large audiences to hear editor of a country paper will some- his jungle stories. Human interest times take these parish or personal stories written in newspaper style letters and use them, because the mis- should be submitted with photographs sionary is well-known in the territory to the JVIanaging Editor's desk. The in which the paper circulates, but, in newspaper should be studied to which order that the missionary might make the article is being sent. There are this material acceptable to the news- several newspa.per syndicates in New papers, he or 8he should at least know York and Chicago, but these syndithe first rudiments of writing for the cates prefer to have missionary stories newspaper. sent from the office in the various cities. The missionary should take the most thrilling personal experience and . Mrs. Cora Harris's stories in the write it in the form of a news story in the style of the newspaper to which Saturday Evening Post are suggestive the missionary is writing. It should of what the missionaries or missioncontain either on the left-hand side of aries' wives could write about the the front sheet, or the right-hand side, home life and incidents and expethe name and address of the mission- riences of missionaries. ary and the subject of the article. It should be dated on the first line, The following are stories printed by and the first line should be at least the newspapers: one and one-haIr inches from the top of the page. It should be written by a A Missil:mary Smd China W!ill Become a typewriter preferably, and should be Strong Nation. double spaced. A margin on the paper should be left on the left-hand Chinese Political Disorganization Need f>ide of at least one inch, and a margin Give No Cause for Alarm. at the bottom of the page. This article should be submitted to the Managing The Story of an Eye Witness of the De- Editor, if the missionary sends it struction of Japan Missionary Property.

direct, or, if the article is sent from The Material Loss of the Church in the Japan Earthquake. the United States, it should be submitted to the City Editor. Chinese ProbleIIlll Told by Delegates. Feng Yu-Shiang, thfl Famous Chinese There is always a good local story Christian General, Will Visit the General for a country or city paper when a Conference of the Methodist Episcopal student decides to be a missionary. Chareh. The photograph and a brief personnel Ask Big Sum to Rebuild Japan Missions. of the coming missionary should be Building a College on Monte Mario, Rome, Rent to the City Editor of the paper Italy. where the missionary was born or Interview with Doctor Gideon Draper lives. from Japan_ The Yearly Report of Membership and We know of one missionary who Missionary Activity. wrote a number of thrilling stories in Who Sent the First Money t() Japan' his parish letters to a New York office, Warcloud: Challenge to Missionaries. but these stories lay dormant for a Missi()naries Granted Commission. long time, until a special writer re- Missionaries Pledge Dry Law Aid. vamped the articles, and they were Bishop Urges Dismantling of U. S. Forts submitted to a boys' magazine and in Mexico as Aid tOe Missionaries. were printed and illustrated. Later Missionaries Facing Challenge in Russia. these same articles were printed in Program and Announcement of Names on book form. This missionary now Program for Missionary Meetings. sends brief stories in advance or afteT Airiean Will Address Parley. he has spoken at missionary meetings Missionaries Mnst Help to Make the World Dry. Article with photograph of Two Koreans and One Chinese, with a brief artiele on "Serve Cross in Orient." Photograph with brief article on "Mis- sionaries Going Abroad." Calls Teaching Big Field in Work in China. Salvation, Sanitation and Soap Crying Need of India_ The names, photograph, and copy of the

19240J BEST METHODS

Service of Consecration of Missionaries Who group of heathen people. 'rhitl wom- Are Going Abroad. an had refinement and culture in America. Surely there is a story in Missionaries Who Are Engaged in 1m· this, if rightly written. He're is a proving AgricultlUal 01' Social Oonditions. woman, cultured, a club woman, owner of horses, who goes out to The Effect of Conversion or Acceptance of China and comes back so consecrated the Gospel by the Heathens. that she wants more money to do her work, and she is selling all kinds of The Difficulties of tJie Converts and the hand-work made by the Chinese peo- Sacrifices Made to be FaithfuL ple. There is a story in this.

We remember a good story printed Missionaries on furlough can alby the newspapers in a certain state, ways secure brief newspaper stories in because from the State Agricultural their local papers, and a visit to the School there have gone out students editorial sanctum, with a talk with as missionaries who helped the com- the editor or one of the reporters munity by growing grasses which were would always bring good results; but almost three times as high as the com- the missionaries should be careful in mon grass which the natives grew what is said. They should be very acbefore the seed was imported. We curate, and wherever possible, in givrecall another interesting story of mis- ing figures, they should be written out. sionaries who imported eggs from thoroughbred chickens from the Let the missionary remember the United States, and these eggs de- words: "Go ye into all the world and veloped a larger type of chicken and preach the gospeL" The world ineggs, which enabled the natives to cludes the newspapers. Here is a vast raise themselves from poverty to prac- field of almost unused possibilities. tical independency. We remember The newspapers certainly are ready one missionary found a wolf boy, that to print stories of real human interest, is, a little boy in a pack of wolves, adventure and self-sacrificing service. which he captured, and this boy became a missionary. The story of the PRESS REPRESENTATIVES capture of this wolf boy is equal to any ever told by Kipling. The stories The ,Toman's Missionary Union in of encounters with wild animals, the Kentucky which is auxiliary to the danger in the forests, extraordinary General Association of Baptists in weather conditions, isolation from Kentucky is one of the organizations other human beings, the story of be- which appoints press representatives ing two weeks without mail, the com- as regularly and carefully as it aping of the mail, how it is brought, who points presidents, secretaries and brings it – all make interesting news treasurers.

stories. Several years ago this organization stated to the secular press of Ken- Why should not a missionary tell tucky the fact that there were 1,877 what 'she expected to find in the for- Baptist churches in the state with a eign lands as a missionary, and what membership of more tban 258,663 she actually does find? Or, should people who were especially interested not a missionary tell exactly whether in reading before breakfast eveTY the methods used are being successful morning and after dinner every eveor not in a miBSionary territory-the ning missionary news in general and effect of singing, speaking, visiting, news of Baptist Missions in parreading the Bible, on the people ticular. among whom the missionary works ~ A press chairman for the state was Last night we heard a professor tell appointed with district chairmen in the story of a missionary, a woman, each of the five districts of the state who had a baby in her arms, and her to plan and supervise general pubhands were all covered with chilblains. licity. Each missionary organization She had to be protected by neavy clothing from the cold weather, and in this attitude she was teaching a 4

in ,local churcheos was urged to ap- little of Baptist work and are there- point a press chairman who should fore not familiar with Baptist organi- send notices of meetings and items of zation and nomenclature. For in- news to the local papers, clip the items stance, when writing of an "Associa- when printed and send them to the tion" meeting, few outsiders would district chairman. realize the scope of it, but if the ter- There is an award of merit for the ritory it embraces is mentioned, all association which makes the best rec- will fully appreciate its due impor- ord. The individual church with the taU(~e. Write out in full the nameos of best record in this association is cus- organizations. The same rule applies todian of the award. to any word or phrase peculiar to the denomination. Make it clear.

PEN POINTERS 9. Well-written news items are jUst Compiled for the Kentucky Baptist W. M. U. as much a business commodity to the Secular Press Committee by Mrs. W. H. newspaper as attractive merchandise Matla,ck, Chairman is to the merchant. Whatever helps 1. Write your name and address to make a paper attractive and desirclose up in the left-hand corner of able wHI be welcomed by all Editors. your paper. 10. Simply enclose your news. If 2. Begin your news item wen down your items contain the necessary infrom the top of the page (two and a formation to make them a satisfactory half inche& or more), leaving the blank commodity they will need no explaspace above for the heading which will nation or request.

be added by the headline writer in the 11. Send your news to the news- newspaper office to suit the space and .paper office in good time. Many sec- place given to it. tions of a weekly paper are set up 3. Write on only one side of the several days before its issue and the paper. dailies are compelled to have a time 4. In your first paragraph be sure limit also for news of this class. If to include the four W's-what, who, your copy reaches the- editor even a when, where. If anything unusual is minute after the pages have been set to be done, add another Wand tell up and locked in the forms it cannot why. Whenever possible, include the get in, however much he might like name of chairman or leader and of to have used it. Find out when your those taking part on the program. news should reach the offices of the 5. Write names plainly. If you do various papers on your list.

not use a typewriter, practice using a 12. Your newspaper is literally legible, medium hand with each letter your field glass with a worldwide a completed unit and well-spaced sweep. Read it with your whole be- lines. ing wide-awake. Then rerriember, 6. Give the main point of news first your little item may point the way to -and any other detail in the follow- a safe haven for some other reader.

ing paragraphs-the least important No Pomp nor Power nor Strife nor Sword last. If your newspaper i" crowded Is a match for the Word of the risen Lord I and the item has to be cut, the last Speed the Word!

paragraphs will be the ones removed.

If the gist of your news has been put TRY THESE PUBLICITY PLANS first, even with this cutting, your news A Convention Daily. The Women's item is still effective. Home Missionary Society of the M. E. Church issues an eight-page "Con- 7. Never use "I," "we," "you" or vention Daily" during the days of its "our" when writing for the secular annual convention. 'l'housands of peopress.

8. Try to think of the news item or ple who cannot attend the convention report from the standpoint of those subscribe for the daily so that they who, presumably, know nothing or may read of the proceedings before

BEST METHODS

~he customary long-delayed appear- WHY THEY CAME ance of the annual report, and the There were five hundred people atdelegates have announcements, reso- tending a missionary meeting. Everylutions, reports and convention news one was surprised at the size of the before them promptly. audience but then the new missionary eommittee, with a representative from Missionary Bulletin Service. En- list several enterprising young folks eaeh organization in the church, had in your church to conduct a mission- been aceomplishing a number of surary bulletin service. Arrange mis- prising things. sionary bulletins for the vestibule of the church, for church parlors, class- If someone had gone through the rooms or any other rooms in which audience that evening and written meetings are held. The bulletins may down the answers to the question, be blackboards, charts, sheets of , 'Why did you come 1" the report manila wrapping paper-anything on would have recorded: which announcements may be made. "At the elmrch service Sunday morning Have items of missionary news and I heard an invitation to, the meeting tha,t striking facts of missionary interest rcally sonnded inviting so I accepted it and came."

written on the bulletins each week. "I saw an annonncement in the evening Ready-ta-Use Stories. When yOUI' paper yesterday. The picture of the misdistrict, state or national convention sionary wlw was to speak caught my eye. meets, as the· delegates start home, She wag an old schoolmate of mine." give each delegation a story of the- "I took lunch yesterday with several fel- lows who were talking about this meeting.

most important actions taken, and a They said it would be worth conring to, so I came." statement of the most interesting items of information about the extent "My daughter is taking part in a little of the work of the organization. Leave- dramatization and I had to come to fix her space at the top for the insertion of c.ostume. ' , . an item of local interest of names of "A friend caUed me over the phone and invited me to come. She asked me to phone delegates from specific city or county three other women. Two of them are here, attending the meeting so that the too.' , "Twenty girls and boys from chnrch were story may be given in the form of an invited to sing in the chorns choir." interview, or report from them. "I was shopping with Mrs. Blank last Ask each delegate or delegation to week and she invited me to reserve this evening to go with her to this meeting." call at office of local paper imme- " Judge and Mrs. Blank gave a supper diatelv upon return home and give story "to the editor or reporter. party this evening with one of the speakers as guest of honor. Of course all of the guests came right on to the meeting."

"I am one of the seven hostesses ap- GOOD AUDIENCES FOR GOOD PRO- pointed to S8€ that the church was in good GRAMS ordfrr, attractively decorated and that guests were heartily welcomed."

There are fifteen best methods for "A business man called up the city getting an atrdience, hidden in this editor of our paper and asked t(} have a story. Find them and pnt them to reporter here. I was sent to report the meeting." work in your church. , 'Six high school boys were asked to usher If there is anything more sad than and take up the offering. I came because a poor program for a good audience it I was one of the six."

"Our Sunday-school teacher invited our is a good program for a poor audience. organized class of girls to come to the Most speakers know that it is much church at six 0 'clock for a class snpper and more difficult to speak to ten people meeting, and reserved pews so we could go than to ten hundred. into the meeting and sit together, telling ns beforehand not. to make any other engage- The story or "Why They Came" ments fo1' seven-thirty o'clock." is'an interesting one for anyone who "Saw the poster hanging in chnrch vestiis making programs and inviting bule announcing the meeting." audiences. "A special annonncement was made in Brotherhood Bible Class by the teacher who

knows one of the speakers well and who played. There were a draftsmaIt, said the meeting would be worth eoming to." some carpenters and a number of "handy men" in the class. , 'A friend wrote me a note reminding me of the meeting !1lld asking me to join her If all the members in a church realhere." ized that a child is of more value than a calf or a convict or any other life in Of course the regular "old faithfuls" the world, our leaders of work with who always know 'about the meetings with- the children would have all the equipuut any announcements or newspaper no- Illent they need to help in training tices, or phone calla, or snpper parties or boys and girls. specIal invitations were there too and so 'was the church filled. AN EFFECTIVE COMBINATION A MEN'S BIBLE CLASS THAT The Woman's Society of Grace M. E. Church, Dayton, Ohio, has com- VALUES BOYS AND GIRLS pleted two years of successful opera- tion of a plan which combines in one This year's Home Mission courses organization the membe'rship and acare making plain the fact that Amer- tivities of its former Women's Home ica values a calf in a herd of fine l'lissionary Soeiety, Women's Foreign Holstein cattle more highly than it Missionary Society and Pastor's Aid does a baby in an American cradle. Society. The plan is no longer an The feed, the stabling, pure drinking experiment but has beeome an achievewater and constant eare of the calves ment. A maximum of efficiency and have been perfected so that only one' a minimum of function have resulted calf in every hundred dies, while, be- from its operation. cause of the lack of proper care in exactly the same requisites to child The church has over 1,400 memlife, the death rate of babies is ten bers, more than 400 of whom are enout of every hundred. rolled in this Woman's Society. There is only one women's organization. At '1'h8 fact also is being made known present there are three sets of officers that we pro'Vide more generously for who arrange together for the careful our criminals than for our children. presentation of the work and interests We spend $15,000 a year on the aver- of the three former organizations. age criminal and $15 a year on the There is only one program. Two average grade pupiL meeotings are held a month. The reg- ular offerings go into a common treas- A similar investigation in many ury and are pro-rated according to churches would reveal the fact that a vote of the society. Special gifts may large part of the funds of the church of course be designated for any cause. is spent with especial consideration All the interests – Home Missions, for the adult membership. Foreign Missions and Local Work are presented to the entire membership Recently there is an increasing and instead of enlisting one group for number of churches which vote, from Home Missions and another for Forthe current expense fund, varying eign Missions, and a third to insist amounts needed to provide equip- "There's plenty to do right here in ment for the missionary education of our own church without looking for their boys and girls. any mission work," all of the women are learning to support all of the In addition to furnishing funds for work .. equipment, the men of the Bible class of the First Lutheran Church of WESLEYAN SERVICE GUILD Chambersburg, Pa., met recently for a number of evenings to make some of "The 1'eglllar meetvng of tke Misthe equipment which was neoeded by siona;ry SlJ'Ciety Friday afternoon at the Superintendent of the Light Bri- 3 o'clock" type of announcement can gade, the missionary organization for t.he boys ,and girls of the chureh.

One of the results was a cabinet or table in which sundry supplies may be stored, and on which charts, posters, cut-outs and villages may be dis-

1924J BEST METHODS

not enlist bl6siness and professional Oriental countries. They wanted to women who have 110 leave of absence grow: spiritually. from b11siness or office Jumrs. Simultaneously, dtiferent Metho- The Wesleyan Service Guild wthe dist groups appealed to the two wom- en's missionary societies asking that solution som.e of the young women of they be allowed to pass the splendid .Methodism are proposing for the prob- idea which they had worked out, on lem of how to enlist the young women to other groups of bu.siness women by who are in b11siness and professio'flal means of a joint affiliation with the life. Miss Marian Le,za NO'rris, Chair- 'Voman's Foreign and the Woman's Man of the Central Committee of Home Missionary Societies. Business Women, tells of the plan and its first year of operation. After much question and deep and praye·rful consideration, and a period When the great war caused the of experimentation in a limited terbusiness and professional world to ritory, these various local attempts open up many new avenues to women materialized in the Wesleyan Service they rushed to "do their bit." They Guild of the Methodist Episcopal liked the work. They surprised others, Church. and sometimes themselves, in what they could do. They stayed. In May, 1923, Mrs. Thomas Nichol- son, President of the Woman's For- There were problems other than eign Missionary Society, and Mrs. economic involved in this transition. Wilbur P. Thirkield, President of the The social life was radically changed. 'Voman'!> Home Missionary Society, This in turn afEected the religious life. announced that the official organiza- tion for business women for these two Various local groups, not wishing to Societies was the Wesleyan Service lose all church contacts save the Sun- Guild, which should work jointly with day services and the privilege of pay- the two Societies. ing dues, set about earnestly to solve the problem. 'rhey canvassed the The annual report for the experichurch calendars to find an organiza- mental year of the Guild, ending May tion meeting their needs. In vain! 31, 1923, showed 22 units, 514 mem- So they set about to organize one of bers, and per capita contributions their own. (including double dues) of $7.13.

What did they want? First" a The Guild expresses its purpose in normal social opportunity to meet the a four-fold program; other bu~iness women, a chance to eat a leisurely meal seasoned with the 1. Development of spiritual life. spice of friendly congenial conversa- 2. Opportunities for world service. tion. Then they wanted a chance for 3. Promotion of Christian citizenship and self-expression. Being capable, ma- personal service. ture women holding responsible posi- 4. Provision for social and recreational tions, they were not satisfied to be activities, and use of the regular inter· merely the dues-paying members of denominational study books of the mission· groups with which they could never nry societies. meet and in whose creative work they eould not have a part because of their The Units of the Guild meet once occupation throughout the day – the a month, or more often if the Unit so only time such meetings we're held. desires, with the possible exception of They wanted to study local civic con- the summer mouths, and frequently ditions and be ready to take their have dinner meetings which provide places in the evolving community me. more opportunity for the social needs They wanted to study world condi- of the members. tions and contribute to the great causes doing' something toward rais- The U.nits, which extend from coast ing the standards for women and chil- to coast, are very desirous of spreaddren particularly in Western and ing information concerning the Guild and thus helping other business wom- en to enjoy the fellowship which this new organization has brought to them.

Woman's Foreign Mission

Editorial Committee: MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, ALWE M. KYLE, GERTRUDE SHULTZ BOYS AND GIRLS AND WORLD and girls learned temperance lessons PEACE in schools and Sunday-schools and, The following address by Mrs. Eo. c. when this new generation came to the Cronk, representing Ev'erylanil, was given at polls, the Constitution of the United the recent Congress for International Justice States of America was amended. and Good Will held in Philadelphia.

The extent of the influence of this We may set high ideals today. This generation may accomplish world ~~~g~~S~t~S l~~::~~~s~nlfo b~e~~:U~:~ peace. It may not. This generation limitations is to increase influence. is uncertain. There is no uncertainty This group of men and women who about the next generation if we give propose plans for international friend- to its boys and girls true ideals of inship and international justice, repre- ternational friendship and world sentative men and women as they are, peace-if we train them as world citiare not the men and women who will zens. How shall we do it ~ make operative throughout the world Boys and girls are not reading the the plans they propose. Whether or official reports of the Proceedings of not this Congress becomes permanently the Congress of America and the Per- operative depends on the babies who manent Court of International Jus- are in the world's cradles today j on tice, neither are they devouring with the boys and girls in the world's avidity the bulletin of the Federal schools j and on the children at the Council of the Churches of Christ in knees of the mothers of the world. America, nor any of the records of the Attitudes and policies of international 'Vorld Alliance for International friendship do not spring full fledged lhiendship Through the Churches.

from the tip of a resolution of even a Ve are giving them for their guidance world '8 congress. They are not in world attitudes and relationships formed overnight in the hearts of men the prejudice-forming headlines and and women who take no account of stories in yellow journalism.

the sessions of such a congress. The Of the making of books and maga- dates of history often show a genera- zines there is no end, yet the only tion between declaration and success- periodical in which the Churches of ful operation. Not until a generation Christ are uniting their strength and after the women of America first influence to enlist boys and girls in faced their responsibility to a non- world friendship and world peace is Christian world did the Student Vol- E1Jeryland. About thirteen years ago, unteer Movement come. The organi- Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, said, "The zation of mothers was not followed by hope of the world is in the children an immediate declaration of students of the world." With that conviction, then in college. Not until a new gen- she started Ev(wyland, a magazine of eration, trained from childhood in at- world friendship and world peace for titudes of Christian internationalism, boys and girls. Later, the magazine had grown up, did there arise the was given over to the Missionary Edu- young men and young women who cation Movement and then to the In- said, "Here am I, send me." . terchurch Movement. Now it is back In 188a. Frances E. Willard found- in its mother's arms-not indeed in ed the Woman's Christian Temper- swaddling clothes, but clad in strength ance Union. A generation of men and and influence, and fostered by the women passed, some ridiculing the Christian women in America. It is very idea. Then a generation of boys helping to make strong advocates for 54 world friendship and international A Japanese Appeal for Helpful Reading justice and good-will. The Wor~d Al- liance seeks to cement friendshIp be- The Woman's Interdenominational tween nations. EveryZand helps to Committee on Christian Literature make the cement by forming under- for Women and Children in Mission standing friendship between boys and Fields has received the following stir- ring appeal from the Christian Lit~r­ girls of various nations. The World Allianee of tomorrow will have no ature Society of Japan. The CommIt- difficulty in effecting an interchange tee has been interested for some years ogfrowspneaukperst~giefthtehrosaes speakers have in helping to publish "The Light of boys and girls Love" a weekly news-sheet for the of an international family. Interna- coolie women of Japan and has also tional correspondence will not have to made gifts for the translation of be started by men and women. There Christian books, among them Hurlwill simply be a continuance and ex- but's" Story of the Bible" for which tension of correspondence already be- a special gift was received last ye'ar. gun. EveryZand enters, doors no Con- There are no funds in hand to meet gress can enter, and enlists the little the emergency created by the recent sons and daughters of the rich and disaster and it haB been suggested that individuals interested in this importthe poor, the great and the humble.

We Can not have our Secretary of ant branch of Christian service may State with us today, but during the send gifts which will enable the Chris- past year his little daughter wa;;; w.ith tian Literature Society to render valu- Everyland, every month wmnmg apbeoleples.e*rvicMe isasgaAinmyto the Japanese Bosanquet of highest honors for the best Everyland stories during the year. John D. Tokyo writes:- Rockefeller, Jr., cannot attend all the "Since I last wrote we have had a meetings ann answer all the caUs th~t terrible blow. The Christian Litera- clamor for him, but his little son IS ture Society has suffered very much, not too much engaged to be an Every- for Dr. Wainwright's house, with the land correspondent. The citizens of C. L. S. office, my house, where the the world are in the making. special work for women and children We ask three things of this Council: was mostly done, the Methodist Pub- lishing House which managed the 1. The appointing of a representa- tive as a member of the Everyland sales and had most of the stock, and the printer's, with the shells of our Editorial Committee.

2. The commendation of Everyland books and our old picture blocks, were as a magazine of international friend- all in Kyobashi, one of the districts ship and world peace. . which was swept by fire after the 3. The influence of delegates to thls earthquake. It was like a waste des- Congress in the extension of the cir- ert afterwards. One thing we were culation of the magazine. very thankful for: the office safe was Sometimes the ideals for which we a good strong one and the manuscripts are striving seem far of attainment. in it were not injured. Other safes There is only one hope. were not all so satisfactory, or the heat Ho, ye faint·hearted! Ye are not alone in some places was even more intense, Into yonr worn out ranks of weary men Come mighty reinforcements even now. for manuscripts in those safes were Look where the daVl'll is kindling in the east, found quite charred, so we were in Brave with the glory of the better day- A countless host, an endless host, all fresh great suspense until ours could be With unstained banners and unsullied shield; With shining swords that point to victory opened. And strong young hearts that know not how "Dr. Wainwright and I were at to fear- Karuizawa on Se'ptember first and I The children have come to save the weary was just pa<;king up to return when world. oil Checks may be made payable to Allee M. lerle, Treasurer, 14 Beacon St., Boston, Mass.

the earthquake came, It was severe open on a table and read a little whenever but not disastrous there. All the staff she could spare time. Christian books may do a great deal to help people noW to keep are safe. their faith and to win them to Christian faith so that they may have hope and peace "It is difficult to get printing done of heart in the midst of the destruction and stunning ruin in which we are living. but we are setting to work. The lists The practical sympathy shown so swiftly of subscribers to "Little Children of and generously by America has made a great Light" and "The Light of Lo:ve" impression in this country. We feel sure we can count on your special prayers and were destroyed but we are bringing special interest and efforts to uphold us in the struggle we are making now tt> rebuild them out again for No:vember, after a and extend the literature work of the mis- sionsa short break, and hope to collect names ANNUAL MEETING OF THE and orders very soon. FEDERATION Dr. Wainwright has found a house and I am looking for one. We plan to open an It is expected that the authors of office in a part of the city which was not our textbooks on China for 1924 will burnt, perhaps just a little wooden tempo· be present at the annual meeting of rary building, such as are springing up all our F~deration. Mrs. Gamewell has returned from China where she wrote over Tokyo. her intensive study of a mission sta- We have not heard from the translator of tion beginning with the earliest days of missions in China. Her book is Hurlbut '8 "Story of the Bible" yet, but we called "Ming Kwong, City of Morning hope that the unfinished manuscript was not Light." It is now in press and will lost. be published early in March. Mrs. Meyer is writing our book for juniors, It is strange to have to start again like entitled "Chinese Lanterns." This this and it will be uphill work for a While, will prove an ideal book for junior but we want to get on quickly and not lose classes. this great opportunity. All over Japan, and especially in these parts, people have been. A very important meeting, under deeply stirred and shaken, and they have the auspices of the Fed~ration, will be still to go through many trials. They are in held in the Madison Avenue Baptist special need, conscious need, of new light Church, New York City, on Sunday, and new life, guidance and comfort. In the January 6th, at 3: 30 P. M. The cenvast colonies of refugees in the parks and tral theme will be '( Christian Women other open spaces, libraries are being started and International Relations" and the and it is heartbreaking that we should main address will be given by Dr. have so little to contribute just at this time. Robert E. Speer. Mrs. Henry W_ Pea- We must work hard and get books out. body will also speak on " A Federation But we need funds for this, 80 we ask very of the Christian Women of the earnestly that you will bear in mind our diffi- World." This will be followed by a culties and the importance of this critical discus."ion in which Mrs. Thomas Nichtime and will bring the circumstances be- olas, Mrs. Fred S. Bennett and Mrs. fore the people. I am sure if friends know Helen Barrett Montgomery will take they will be glad to help. part. "Messages from Christian Wom- en of the 'World" will be given bv We brought out some little leaflets, "Light in Darkness" and "In the Day of Komarya San of Japan, Miss Sung df Calamity" as quickly as possible after the earthquake, getting them printed at a pro- China, Miss Sorabji of India, and Mrs. vincial press, and we want to bring out more Emerich of the N~ar East. There will for general use. Also we want to reprint be a prayer offered by Miss Emily some of our best books speedily. One great Tillotson and a solo by Miss Hisako disappointment was the loss of a charming Koike. translation of l/ Stepping Heavenward" (abridged) which caDle ont at the end of July and was selling well. The Japanese said that Katharine '8 experiences were sO like what they have often had to go through and it appealed to them very much. The other day I went to see our printer's wife, herself a good tran"lator and at one time my secretary. Her husband lost his two large pTinting estahlishments, one in Yokohama and the other in Tokyo. The one at Yokohama crashed down in the earthquake and then was burnt. Mrs. Muraoka said that in the sad, anxious Q.ays which followed the catastrophe "Stepping Heaven- ward" was a great comf<>rt; she kept it

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINI,AN, 136 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY IN 1924 ful information in regard to the Fed- Speak to all more kindly eration and Council are printed on Than the year before, the back. The program is priced, as Pray a little oftener, usual, at 2 cents each, $1.50 per 100. Love a little mOI'e, Every local group should procure a Cling a little closer supply of both card and program at To the Father'8 love; an early date. 'rhe demand increases So lif"" behold, shall liker grow To the life above. each year and the placing of orders -Be/cot ca. early is advisable to insure delivery.

DAY OF PRAYER FOR MISSIONS The card "and program are annually ready early in November and may be MARCH 7,1924 obtained from denominational head- The first Friday in Lent is observed quarters.

annually throughout the United If no one has taken the initiative States and Canada as the Day of in your community toward planning Prayer for Missions. The Council of for the observance of the Day of "V Women for Home Missions and the Prayer for Missions, will you not see Federation of oman 's Boards of that the leaders in the various denom- Foreign Missions, through a joint inations are called together by the committee, each year publish a pro- first of February to formulate plans?

gram for this interdenominational ob- All publicity opportunities should be servance, the theme for this year used, such as printed church calen- being "The Spirit of Power." dars, bulletin boards,' pUlpit notices, A card entitled" A Call to Prayer" local press items, posters, arnlOunce- has been issued as a preliminary aid. ments at all meetings and gatherings, This card will be found very useful religious, civic and social. Pen and in preparation for the observance it- telephone should be utilized to invite self. It is small enough to fit com- friends and neighbors to the observ- fortably into an ordinary envelope, to ance. "A Call to Prayer" could be be carried in one's Bible or purse, or enclosed in personal letters to ac- tucked into the corner of the looking quaintances for several weeks before glass on the dresser. Space has been th'tJ observance. Praying in faith for left on the face for local insertion of wisdom in preparation, His Spirit, the place, hour and leadel!O's name, if de- Spirit of Power, will guide and in- sired. On the reverse, suggestive spire. Begin praying definitely now!

topics for prayer are listed, linked to THY STRENGTH the theme of the program. The card is distributed freely by the various Give me Thy strength for my day, Lord, boards. That wheresoe'er I go, There shall no danger daunt me The program, "The Spirit of And I shall fear no foe; Power, " is by Mrs. DeWitt Knox, So shall no task 0 'ercome me, So shall no trial fret, who has so acceptably furnished many So shall I walk unwearied previous programs. In the five parts, The ]lath where my feet are set; So shall I find no burden entitled Praise, Prayer, Purpose. Practice and Power, all hymns and Greater than I ean bear, scripture passages are printed, so that So shall I bave a courage Equal to all my eare; groups not having Bibles and hymnals So shall no grief 0 'erwhelm me, at the plaee of meeting, nevertheless have the full text. Suggestions as to So shall no wave a 'erilowhours, leaders, speakers, etc., and use- Give me Thy strength for my day, Lord, Cover my weakness 80.

. -Annie Joh1t$On Ji'l'fnt, 57

AMERICAN PEACE AWARD sentative women and missionaries are The American Peace Award created sl?e~king at the Loyalty IJuncheons. glv1~g one day to each city. Repreby Edward W. oBfotkhwe ibllesgtivpera$c1t0i0c~0b0l0e "to the author sentlllg Home Mission interests are plan by which the United States may such leaders as Mrs. S. C. Jennings.

cooperate with other nations to achieve ]}frs. ~. S. Osgood and Miss Alice W.

and preserve the peace of the world." S. Br1mson of Chicago. Mrs. Willard Th~ time limit for receipt of manu- H. Smith of New Jersey. and Mrs.

SCripts was November 15th. It is ex- Orrin ~..Judd of Brooklyn, N. Y.

pected that the Jury will be able to Our mlSSIOnal'[Y representatives are announce the selection by January 1st. ~Iiss Hel~m A. ~ainwright, represent- A referend~m of the whole country lll~ MexlCa~s ill the. United States; -the expreSSIOn of popular opinion M1ss ;-lbertme D. B1schofi', Spanish- upon whatever plan is chosen-will speaklllg work; Miss Luella E.

then be taken. It is expected that all Adams, Christian Centers; Miss daily papers will print text of the plan Ethel Ryan, Indians; Miss Mildred ~nd coupon for referendum vote. It Kaminskie, Christian Americaniza- 1S hoped that everyone interested in tion; and Miss ILnoaudisdeitBio. nCtaorttehr~ Cen- tral America. Loythis most siammpeo rttoa n tt hseubjoefcfitcewiollf votthe~ sending alty Luncheons, there are to be ten Award. 'fhe plan will be sent to the echo meetings of each luncheon in United States Senate early in 1924. local churches, carrying back to the churches the messages given at the Eighty-eight organizations – civic Loyalty Luncheons.

business, professional and religious—-': The women are endeavoring to raise CarOelIDccoilopoef rWationmgeninfotrhHe omAewMair~dsiothnse during this year $2,000,000, and it is being one of these. hoped that one ohfalift,omf tahyisbesubmr~uogrhta goodly portion WHAT'S GOING ON in at the time of the Loyalty Lunch- . It is st~mulating and inspiring once eons. The campaign motto for the ~n a wh1le. to scan the outstanding ltems of mterest in one another's lruenR~cihnegoonns is "Our God is awbol~ee"n and work. The following news has been this promise the are eollected from the various Women's going forth to attempt great things in the Master's name.

Mission Boards and Societies. If you GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY find it interesting and helpful, tell The Woman's American Baptist us so and we shall be glad to present Home Mission Society is expecting to such material periodically. celebrate the fifty years of its organi- Baptist zation in 1927. A national committee has been appointed to make plans and LOYALTY LUNCHEONS to carry them forward throughout the Realizing that the year 1923-24 is a constituency. In September, commitvery crucial one in the mterests of our denomination, there have been tees were organized, plans drafted, planned a series of eighty or more luncheons, called Loyalty Luncheons, and a forward look taken. The launchfor inspiring the women of our churches to larger consecration of life ing of these plans in the local churches service and gifts to the cause of is not to begin until the close of the present fiscal year. thus giving three yea.rs, 1924-1927, for inspiration in- formation and publicity. '

Christ, and to the end that He might DEDICATION AT BACONE be magnified and be made known to Mrs. Kath-erine S. WWoemsatnfa'l~l Execthe nations of the world. The lunch- utive Secretary of the Amer- eons are being held in eighty or more ican Baptist Home Mission Society, large cities. Five teams of' repre- recently attended the dedication of

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

some very fine new buildings which tions, 50 new buildings. A fifty-dollar have been erected on the campus of gold bonel is the unit for the Jubilee Biacone College, Bacone, Oklahoma, gift. and also buildings for the Murrow Baptist Indian Orphanage, which has PROGRAM OF EVANGELISM been, in recent years, located on the campus of the college. The buildings The Disciples of Christ, in their Inare the result of gifts from the Home ternational Convention at St. Louis in Mission Society, the General Educa- the autumn of 1920, voted unanimoustion Board and the Indians. This im- ly to launch a five-year program of portant Indian school, which is of evangelism to add one million to their higher grade than any other Indian churches in all fields, home and forschool in the country, being a stand- eign. Several years previous to this, ard high school, ministers not only to they launched the "J'vIen and Millions the five civilized tribes in Oklahoma, Movement" and were successful in but to students from other sections raising millions for their missionary, and other tribes who take advantage benevolent and educational work of the higher courses. throughout the world. The campaign to add the million new members to The new buildings are absolutely their churches has met with a wonfireproof and well adapted for the derful response eluring the last three purposes for which they were con- years. lJast Easter Sunday was the structed. Those for the orphanage in- greatest single day in evangelism that clude a boys: and a girls' dormitory the Disciples of Christ have ever and a joint dining room in connection known. This last year in evangelism with the girls' dormitory. Each child their net increase above all losses by has a room alone, which is quite un- death and removals, was 78,500. Many usual in such institutions. Splendid new congregations have been organboys and girls are attending the ized during the last year. They are school, many of them giving every evi- expending thousands of dollars upon dence of becoming good citizens. their church maintenance budget. Twelve young people who have gradu- Last year 151 churches were assisted, ated from Barone are now taking col- a number coming to self-support durlege courses in Baptist colleges. Other ing the year. As a part of the fivebuildings are now in prospect, and in year program to win the million, a time it is hoped that Bacone College great simultaneous campaign is being will be in every way worthy of its conducted across the nation. This year name and the purpose for which it 13 states and all Canada are seeking was founded-the Christian education to have an evangelistic meeting in of Indian boys and girls. everyone of the 4,550 churches with- in that region. Many churches in Disciples of Christ cities, counties and districts are begin- ning eVllngelistic meetings on the same GOLDEN JUBILEE day and date and together carrying forward their work. 'V The fiftieth anniversary of the be- THE NEW YEAR ginning of the Christian oman 's Board of MisRions will occur in Oc- A bower unknown; a book unread; tober, 1924. The work of this organi- A tree with fruit unharvested; zation has been merged into the United A path untrod; a house whose rooms Christian Missionary Society and it is Lack yet tbe heart's divine perfumes; by this new Society that this Golden A landscape whose wide border lies Jnbilee is observed. The aims to be In silent shade, 'neath sHent skies; attained in connection with the cele- A wondrous fountain yet nnsealed; bration are 500 new societies. 50.000 A casket with its gifts c{mcea.Ied: new members. $1 ,000.000 Jubilee gifts, This is the year that for you waits 50,000 new World Call subscriptions, Beyond tomorrow's mystic gates! 5,000 new King's Builders subscrip-. -Horatio Ne!son Powers.

FROM (MANY

GENERAL ference whether $10,000 contributed A War-Mad World in America will bring 30,000 rupees A N enumeration of post-war arma- in India or 35,000 or only 20,000 rn- ments and budgets for prepared- rees; and whether $50,000 sent to ness leads one easily, says The Chris- China can be exchanged for $100,000 tian Centtwy, "to believe that the (Mexican) or for 125,000 or only world is war mad. The League of Na- 50,000 Chinese dollars. The change tions' officers tell us that in 1913 in value is due, in part, to the direc- Europe was spending 19.7 per cent of tion of the flow of trade and, in part, its revenues for armaments; and that to a shortage in gold or silver in cirlast year 24.2 per cent was spent for them. This is exclusive of pensions culation, or to the fear of bankers or and war nebts. It represents wholly preparation for possible future wars. of the people in a given country that The preparedness budget of the Unit- trade values are threatened. ed States will almost equal Great Britain's, notwithstanding the Wash- As a result of the fluctuation in ex-' ington conference. And our prepared- change, the missionary societies of the United States lost, during the years ness advocates are still not satisfied. )918 to 1920, hundreds of thousands They want a half billion for new cruisers, the remodeling of battleships, of dollars on the purchasing power of new submarines, a vast airplane fleet money sent to the Far East. Even and new naval bases. They ask for with the return to more normal ex- 26,000 more men in the regular army, change rates in mission lands, the an increase of the R. O. T. C. from prices of commodities have risen so 96,000 men to 784,000, thus making rapidly that the cost of missionary work has greatly increased, even with- out any increase in personnel Ol" equipment. Therefore, give more!

military training practically compulsory for all college men. They have in E:dent of Lutheran Church S mind an increase of the national guard 'l'ATISTICS have been published from 160,000 to 424,000 and of volun- by Dr. Nathan R. Melliorn, presi- teers in summer training camps from dent of the American Lutheran edit- 22,000 to 100,000. If America must ors' association, stating that the Lu- be armed and prepared, it is more in theran Church throughout the world accord with our policy and fiber to now numbers about 75,000,000 per- prepare civilians than to sustain a sons, being the largest section of Prot- great standing army. But it is only estant Christianity. Of this number reasonable to assume that the same 3,500,000 are found in America. The amount of energy and enthusiasm ex- churches on the Western continent are pended in preparing ways to prevent independent of national or political wars would fortifv us and the rest of boundary lines, while the Lutherans of tile world against the extravagance Europe form, in most instances, and hideousness of war, and make us "state" churches. .

the torch bearers in world peace."

Keynote of the Y. M. C. A.

Exohange and Cost of Missions CRITICISM has been made in some THE fluctuation in foreign exchange quarters of the objectives and rates means much to missionaries methods in Y. M. C. A. work. The and their work. It makes a great dif- financial crisis is serious in the Asso- 60· ciations at home and abroad; there- dicapped by drinking beer, The fore it is well to note what Dr. John great labor unions of Germany had R. Mott Igives as the keynote of the begun to think of that before the war.

organization and the one remedy for Since the war they have thought of it the ills of the world, namely "con- more. Again the question is under fronting men with the living Christ." discussion, and to test it out, a refer- The Life of Faith quotes his remarks endum has been taken in one indus- at the Y. M. C. A. conference in Lon- trial district. The Precinct of Biele- don last year: feld was selected and prohibition won "Do we need workers r There is no way by an astounding majority, for out to get them save by confronting men with of 14,069 qualified voters, 12,625 voted the living Christ. Is it money we want' ., dry. " Votes in other districts are We are only at the blne print stage of the work of the Y. M. C. A. We in America are to be taken.

going to spend 100 million dollars dnring the next ten years where we have spent ten NORTH AMERICA million in the last twenty years. What is Social and Religious Research the secret of getting moneyt It is to have people who have it, whether little or much, T HE Committee on Social and Re- ligious Surveys, of 370 Seventh get a glimpse of th" living Christ as Lo'rd and Master. Then the fountains of sacri- Avenue, New York City, which in the fice begin to gush and the streams to flow over the hanks; then the money becomes three years of its existence has made omnipotent. Then there is onr need of many valuable contributions to scienvision, to see why men and boys are perish- tific knowledge in the socio-religious ing; our need, too, for courage and perse- field, has become "The Institute of verance to appJy the principles of Jesus to Social and Religious Research," with modern industrial, social, international and John R. Mott, Chairman; Ernest D. inter-racial life. I know of no other place Hurton, Secretary; Raymond B. Foswhere men get willingness and quiet deter- mination and enthusiasm to take Christ's dick, Treasurer; James h Barton, word and apply it as they may. If we want W. H. P. Faunce and Kenyon L. world-eonq,uering power, the seeret lies in Butterfield as directors. The most getting all confronted with the living Christ, recent and one of the most important and this, thank God., is what the Churches expect us to do." of the Institute's publications is "The Hope of a "Dry" World Religious Education of Protestants in an American Commonwealth, " by T HE general press paid little atten- Prof. Walter S. Athearn, Dean of the tion to the convention of the World School of Religious Education and League against Alcoholism, in To- Social Service in Boston University.

ronto, Canada, which brought together delegates from sixty-three nations on Fasting for Near East Relief'

I six continents, including all the prin- T is estimated that "Golden Rule Sunday," December 2d, was obcipal mission fields. Striking as was the polyglot nature served by more than one million of the assembly, disclosures which re- Americans who ate at least one vealed prohibition as a world force , 'refugee meal," costing about four were little short of amazing, even to cents, and consisting of soup, rice or the studeut of reform. The gathering beans and bread, without butter_ The heard of students' anti-alcoholism difference in the cost of this meal and movements in Germany and Switzer- an ordinary Sunday dinner is to be land, with an enrolment of 2,500,000; sent to the Near East Relief Head- of the near success which met the first quarters and it is hoped that the effort to secnre a prohibition law in amount thus realized will be more Sweden, and of the fact that even in than a million dollars.

wine-producing France the battle be- President Coolidge, cabinet mem- tween the "drys" and the "wets" bers, ex-president Woodrow Wilson had entered on its initial stages. The and very many other leading Amer- efficiency of German workmen is han- icans were among those who observed

"Golden Rule Sunday" in this way. Protestantism during the last genera- It is also reported that the observance tion and whose eminent service as spread to Europe and Asia so that it Church historian and as prophet and is impossible to estimate the number pioneer of Christian unity has been of people who thus showed their sym- recognized by the Christian world pathy with the suffering Armenian generally. widows and orphans. Even Japan took part in this self-denial in spite of Automobiles and Missions its own recent disaster. A BAPTIST newspaper has found Many of the Americans in Athens that Southern Baptists own a ate their Golden Rule dinner with half-million automobiles. Counting 2,000 orphans at the famous Zappeon three hundred dollars as the minimum Palace Orphanage, where a band of cost of maintaining these, the expense American bluejackets from the flag- to the denomination for keeping the ship Scorpion entertained the chil- gas wagons on the road is $150,000,- dren. Twelve thousand Armenians in 000. Recently, the Baptists had a Greece under care of the Near East very hard struggle to secure $75,- Relief ate only one meal, consisting 000,000 in five years, which fact would of vegetable soup and bread. Mr. indicate that in the interest of a Henry Morgenthau, head of the Southern Baptist missions is outstrip- Refugee Loan Commission, sent word ped ten to one by automobiles. Men from Athens that the need for con- of other denominations, warned by tinuation of American relief is only this result, are now trying to find out too apparent to those who are on the what the facts are in their fellowground. ship, as regards missions and automo- hiles. A Christian Unity Building A "Red" Archbishop in New York AUNIQUE building in Americau Church life is the Schaff Office RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH Building in Philadelphia, which was circles throughout the United dedicated in October. It was erected States are deeply stirred over the arunder the auspices of the Philip rival of tlle "Red" Archbishop, John Schaff Memorial Committee represent- Kedrovsky of the so-called "Living ing more than 100 divines and men of Church," that follows the Soviet affairs from various denominations, in regime in Russia. The representative cooperation with the Publication and of the "Red Church," as it is gen- Sunday School Board of the Reformed erally called by Russians, has an- Church in the United States. nounced his intention of seizing all the Russian Orthodox Church prop- This interchurch office building now erty in the United States, amounting houses more than fifteen denomi- to millions of dollars, and of becomnational and interdenominational ing the spiritual head of the 300,000 agencies including the Philadelphia adult members of the communion. He Federation of Churches, Lord's Day will attempt to depose Metropolitan Alliance of Pennsylvania, Philadel- Platon, the acknowledged head of the phia Sabbath Association, Pennsyl- Church in North America. vania Anti-Saloon League, The Presbyterian lfagazine of the Presby- Rev. Dr. Thomas Burgess thus. deterian Church, U. S. A., Boards of scribes the situation: the United Presbyterian Church, Boards and Agencies of the Re- "John Kedrovsky, who was suspended by formed Church, Phihidelphia Chris- church officials in this country several yea:rs tian Endeavor Union, Brotherhood of ago and who has been constantly fighting Andrew and Philip, and is named in the recognjzed church authorities, was called honor of Dr. Philip Schaff who was to Moscow two months ago by the Living an outstanding figure of American Church and appointed by it to head its work in the United States. It is rumored that he will be followed by two Red bishops, four

NE'WS FROM MANY LANDS

Red archpriests and forty Red priests, whom There are 5,826 churches and 857,846 he will appoint in the plaee of the present members. bishops and pastors, if he can get away with the plan. It is stated that he is well sup- Resolutions were adopted in favor plied with Soviet money. This fight will of Sunday observance, against the Ku be a real hardship for the Russian churches Klux Klan, and in favor of the League in this country as they are poor and the cost of Nations. Plans for closer union of defending their rights against this new with the Protestant Episcopal Church body will nearly rnin them.. The com,munion by double ordination have proved fuhas an honorable history of more than one tile and the Council voted in favor of hnndred years." closer fellowship and possible union with Presbyterians on the "Cleveland Statistics for Disciples plan"-even without doctrinal agree- ment. The Philadelphia plan of union T H.BJ year book of the Disciples' de- with all other evangelical denomina- nomination gives interesting sta- tions has been generally approved by tistics for the year ending June 30, the Congregational Council. There 1923. It says: "Our total church was a strongly expressed desire to membership throughout the world is avoid conflict and overlapping among 1,383,247, a gain over last year of 72,- Christian ctmrches. 951; and in the United States and Canada, 1,311,930, a gain of 68,572. The American Board announced its Our Sunday-school enrollment for the determination to go forward with its world is 1,170,148, a gain of 76,310; missionary program in Turkey. the gain in. the United States and Canada being 72,613. The number of Methodist Centenary Gains our churches throughout the world now totals 9,533, a gain of 136." The MISSIONARIES of the Methodist giving of the denomination is at a low level. The year book publishes 1 Episcopal Church, according to figures from Secretary Bert Wilson's the Christian Advocate, "are now addrecent book, "The Christian and His ing 219 Christian converts per week Money Problems," which indicate to the roll of Church members in that in the matter of giving, the Dis- India. During the Centenary years ciples rank twenty-fourth in a list of 1919, 1920 and 1921, there were added twenty-six evangelical bodies. Figur- to the roll of the Methodist Episcopal ing the average income of a Disciple Church in India 34,232 converts over at $586 a membet', the giving is about and above all losses from death. In two per cent of the annual income for China Methodist missionaries are enall religious purposes. rolling 122 per week -19,000 new Christians during the three Centenary Congregational Progress years. Africa shows an increase of 3,947 above all losses for the same T HE American Board of Commis- period; Japan, 3,424; the Philip- sioners for Foreign Missions re- pines, 6,735; Mexico, 1,323; Malaysia, joices in an increased income during 2,476. From all the fields administhe past year, as reported at the meet- tered by the Board of Foreign Mising of the National Council, held Oc- sions of the Methodist Episcopal tober 16 to 23 in Springfield, Mass. Church come reports showing gains in The Home Missionary Society also is Methodist Church membership totalmade glad by a million-dollar legacy. ing 80,519 for the first three years of Dr. Rockwell H. Potter of Hartford, the Centenary period. That means Conn., was elected President of the that Methodism alone is adding to the Council. King's army 516 recruits per week- 74 per day. And those whose lives The statistics reported show 151,395 are changed by the gospel message, new members added to Congrega,tional though they may not join the church, churches, or 12,902 more than in any are many times that number." previous year. Over 90,000 of these additions were on confession of faith.

Y. M. C. A. Budget for 1924 is a cinder path and when school is dismissed, announcement is made of ABUDGET of approximately $3,- the religious school to follow. Often 000,000 to carryon the 1924 Y. it is so made that pupils who do not M. C. A. program was approved by go are marked. (Schoolmates do not the International Committee of Young hesitate to dub them "heathen.") Men's Christian Associations of North Teachers well-versed in the Mormon America, at its annual meeting in doctrine give their time for instruc- Atlantic City, N. J. Of this $900,000 tion in these seminaries. Thus the conwill be apportioned to work in the stant teaching of children begun at United States; $1,400,000 to Asia, four years of age is carried through IJatin-America and Africa; and $700,- the high school period. No wonder 000 for the European division. ' that their growing youth, though in- telligent, are confirmed in the faith. A Jewish COlnmnnity Center LATIN AMERICA I N Newark, New Jersey, the Presby- terian Board of Home Missions A Mexican Baptist Pastor opened, on October 25th, New Bethany Community Center at 165 Court T HFl Southern Baptists have a Street, in the heart of' a large He- church of 150 members in Morelia, brew population. The Christian center Mexico, the pastor of which was once is especially planned to help the Jews a barefoot boy in a mission school in of the cOIllUunity to understand the Toluca. He is doing a strong work Gospel of Christ and its benefits. along various lines. There are assembly rooms, class rooms, social rooms, a dispensary and facili- One of the curses of Mexico is the ties for recreation. Weekly Bible lack, in so many cases, of legal marclasses and services are held in Yid- riage relationship. The majorLty of dish as well as in English, also classes the poor people live together year and meetings for mothers and for chil- after year without being lawfully dren. The work has already been married. This pastor has the happy fruitful in spiritual results and has faculty of influencing just such won many friends in the community. couples to get the lawful right to live It is under the general supervision of together. They listen to his preacha board of trustees in Newark and the ing, become converted, and to join the director is Mr. E. S. Greenbaum, a church they must first get married. A Hebrew Christian. large number of the church members are newly-married middle-aged folks, How Mormons Train Children many of them already grandparents. During the eleven years' pastorate, THE school of week-day religious there has been an average of three instruction ha~ been appropriated such marriages each year. by the Mormons, according to the Presbyterian 11lagazine. In many com- Converts Eager to Preach munities where there are no "Gentiles" to oppose, there is constant and THE story of how Salvador is being unhindered teaching of their faith evangelized by its own people is within the public school building. told by Rev. ,John G. Todd, of the Elsewhere they have had academies or American B'aptist Home Mission Sochurch schools. But with the coming ciety. He says, in M1$sions: "Those of the high school they have abolished who have received the truth of the the academies, they depend on the Gospel in Salvador manifest a sponpublic funds to educate their children, taneous and energetic disposition to but a few feet away they build a spread it. The common method is to "seminary. " 'J'hey have about sixty organize as many Gultos or preaching of these two-room buildings. Leading services as possible in the surrounding from the high school to the seminary country. Some of these are small, but their continued repetition in many

19241 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

different neighborhoods cannot fail to EUROPE produce much fruit. Of the 130 mem- London and Dublin Campaigns bers of the First Baptist Church of AT t11.e ~losing m~eting of the evan- Santa Ana nine are licensed to preach and others give promise of being ready Rfeervr.egdDehotsuotgJclianscaBtmhreopwmDnge,ncoeinmnebLoefrontRhdeEon~leEarWde~- soon. Many are ambitious to be allowed to conduct these neighborhood ers, commented first on the attendservices. One old man who cannot ance at the meetings and second on ;ead asked to. be licensed to preach. If someone wlll but read the text for the large proportion of young men me, I can use it. I never lack for words. ' Such men have not been li- among the inquirers. In the next censed; albeit none of the licentiates place, he said, the campaign has re- 11.ave any but the most meager educatIon. To them evangelism means long vealed the power of believing prayer. country trips, mostly afoot, and late (hours. But they are at it all the time. He told of a boy of fourteen whom he The preaching services are held in homes, on coffee plantations, and foun~ kneeling. among 350 people, wherever people can be found for an praymg for hls paTrhenatts~erayndnighhist audience: Weddings are always made brother and sister. an occaSIOn for them. " all four were converted, Wherever there had been the most prayer the largest number of conversions had re- sulted. Most remarkable of mael~ltihnogws.- ever, had been the ministers'

He had met altogether some 600 min- Peruvian Leader a Christian isters in conference, and had not TI~E .revolt in Peru against eccle- found one who was not keen to win Slastlcal tyranny was described in men to Christ.

the December REVIEW. Word has now A rem~rkable stiries of meetings was come of two striking facts about the also earned on in Dublin during the leader of itmhpartismonoevdembeyntt.heFGirosvt~rnh­e 9.autumn by Captain Gipsy Pat SYm. iMth~ has been the of which the secretary of ment. Second, he had become a fer- A. writes: "About 10,000 people vent disciple of Jesus Christ some time m the aggrega,te have attended the before. Haya de la Torre is the idol services today (Sunday) which of the liberal forces in Peru. His roughly, is one in five of the Protes: strong stand against both the Govern- tant population. This in itself is ment and the Church has brought him rather more startling than the fact prominently to the front as a man to that the aggregate attendance in the be seriously reckoned with. Seemingly whole campaign up to the present is ~e has for a long time past been hold- about 54,000 – more than the entire mg back the forces which might easily Protestant community of Dublin. To become revolutionary. Of course he those who are cognizant of the atmos- is a marked man, and his enemies did phere in which Christian work has not wait long before thev laid hold on been carri~d on here, and the fight for him. The latest word concerning Sr. ProtestantJsm, these figures are won- de la Torre is that he has been ex- derful. It is all of the Lord."

pelled from Peru. He first went to Panama, where he gave some lectures The B. C. M. S. in the Field in the Methodist Church. From there THE. Bible Churchmen's Missionary he went to Mexico, answering an in- Soclety, whose organization as a vitation of the MwionriksteorfotfhEadt udceaptairotn~ to help in the result of doctrinal disagreement in the Church Missionary Society was disment. Pray for this strong Christian cussed in the June REVIEW announces Evangelical leader, that he may re- that it is "in a position ' financially main true to Christ and may be a and otherwise, to despatch without depower in Latin America. lay a number of missionaries to four S

great fields of operation-China, In- were presented to Flemish students dia, Canada and South America. because the Flemish school is just be- ginning its third year." , '1. China.-The unevangelized districts of Kwan Ngan Chow and Lin Shui Shien Refornls in Italy (including populous regions, busy cities and progressive markets), to which Bishops Cas· S IGNS are not wanting of a new sels and Mowll have heartily invited us. spirit in Italy, according to the Record of Chr'istian Work. There is "2. lnd·ia.-The town and district of a movement on foot toward the keep- Saugor (some 4,500 square miles) adjacent ing of Sunday as a day of rest. In to great unevangelized native states of the tramcars are notices warning limitless opportunity. Here two B. C. M. S. against blasphemy, and a crusade havmissionaries (the Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Keay) ing for its object the suppression of are already at work, and have purchased vile books is in progress. Unfortusubstantial property, as a central missionary nately, the occasion has been made use station. of by the enemies of the Gospel, who, at a procession held in honor of the "3. Canada.-Here B. C. M. S. has al- Madonna which was described in the ready saved much evangelistic work among October REVIEW, denounced the Protpagan Indians from falling into the hands estant Bible, and incited Roman Cathof militant French Romanists, and has six olics who possessed copies to throw ordained missionaries in this field. But the them on the flames. The Italian news- Bishop" of Saskatchewan, Moosonee and papers recording that occurrence Keewatin aye pressing the society for fur- made no comment, but the Conncil of ther missional'Y efforts among their Indian Evangelical Pastors of Milan took the and Eskimo populations. matter up, and all the papers of the city, with the exception of the Carri- "4. South Ameriaa.-It is now possible to ere de la Sera and the Italia, pubsend a band of missionaries to Ceara, and lished vigorons protests against the from there, as. a base, t() strike out am.ong classification with vile writings of the untouched million s in the Amazon basin. men of the Bible, whose truths are Money, ear·marked for this purpose, is in admitted bv Roman Catholics to be hand; only the men are wanted." the founda'tion of the Christian re- ligion. Belgian Gospel Mission Baptists in Sweden THE evangelistic E!ociety carried on in Belgium under the direction of T HE congress of the Baptist World Mr. and Mrs. Ralph C. Norton, and Alliance, which met in Stockholm known as La Mission BeIge Evan- during the summer, and which was gelique, reports increased interest in referred to in the October REVIEW, various centers and the securing of witnessed the observance of the sevseveral permanent buildings. "On enty-fifth anniversary of the Baptists September 25th, in the Mission Hall in Sweden. It was a great transat Brussels, a very successful meeting formation that had come over Stockwas held for the opening of the holm and Sweden during this period. Flemish and French Bible schools and The first Baptist was exiled. These the graduation of certain students. were welcomed by the city, and men Mr. de Perrot of the Interior Mission of every Christian faith made them of France was the speaker for the feel that Baptists were the kind of French students and Mr. Teeuwissen, people Sweden delighted to have. One of our Mission, for the Flemish stu- Swedish Baptist in every 600 is a dents. The fact that it was necessary foreign missionary and seven were to have the two speakers is an indica- commissioned during the Congress at tion of God's blessing on the work. one of the most impressive services He is calling out people of different ever witnessed. Although the Alliance tongues to spread the Gospel in Belgium. Mr. Bentley, the Director of the French Bible School, presented diplomas to five students, four men and one woman student; thus signifyjng the successful completion on their -part of two years of study and one year of practical work. No diplomas

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Congress met in a free church, wel- the village, in all about one thousand, comes were received from the' Prime gathered together for final refuge in Minister, who came in person, from the church. It was their last stand. the Archbishop of Upsala, and from The Turkish soldiers had stationed the city and greetings came from the themselves about the church and were King. waiting, expecting a terrible outcry. B~t no sound was to be heard, not NEAR EAST even the sob of a frightened child. " We could not endure that," said the Churches of East and West soldier. An officer knocked loudly on the church gates, and cried: "Come I N the opinion of Rev. Samuel Mc- out! Accept Islam, and you shall live Crea Cavert, General Secretary of safely here in your fields and vinethe Federal Council of Churches, the yards. " For a time there was no Protestant churches of the West know answer, and no sound from within. far too little of the Orthodox Eastern Then the door swung open, and an Church. "Never," he says, "was a aged Armenian priest stood there, his moment more opportune than the snowy head bowed in prayer upon his present for developing cooperation be- breast. That was his answer. They tween the Orthodox Churches and led him out to death. One by one, Protestantism. Their leaders are now they followed, even to the smallest of turning to us for sympathy and prac- that great company. Not one accepted tical help, grateful for what has al- Islam. "There was something very ready been done by American Chris- strange about it," said the soldier. tianity. . . . As steps in the further "They did not seem to see us at all. development of closer fellowship and They looked afar off, and a light helpfulness it would seem that the shone on their faces. They seemed to Protestant Churches of America, act- see something, but we could see nothing through the Federal Council as ing. What could it have been that their agency for united effort, ought those Armenians beheld Y" to serve as a center for at least the following program: " (1) Interpreting the Orthodox Churches Plural Marriage in Turkey to the West, first of aU, removing the pres· ent ignorance and lack of uuderstanding; I T is reported in the Christian Cen- (2) expressing in every possible way the t1wy that a vigorous campaign is sympathy of the "Western Churches toward being waged for the restoration of the Eastern, and facilitating more personal Turkey's old system of plural mar- contacts and more systematic communica· riages, five successive bills having been tion wIth the Orthodox leaders in the Near introduced in the national assembly East; (3) giving practical assistance to the for that purpose since polygamy was Orthodox Churches in such ways as they abolished a little more than a year ago. may deem helpful; (4) developing a more Mustapha Kemal, himself a monogamregular consultative and cooperative rela· ist, has opposed all such measures and tionship with the branches of the Orthodox caused their defeat. Polygamists Churches ministering to their own people point out that there are nearly a milin America." lion more women than men in Turkey, while the Koran permits plural mar- What Did the Martyrs See? riages to those men who are able to support more than one wife. A TURK soldier told the following story, quoted in the Gospel Ba;n- "New-Born Lambs Among Wolves" ner, to a Near East Relief worker for whom he was acting as bodyguard NINE newly baptized Christians in while they were traveling in Asia the fanatical Moslem city of Tur- Minor. 'They passed the ruins of an bat, Khorasan, Persia, are so described Armenian church along the way, which by Rev. W. M. Miller or Meshed. He recalled the event to his mind. The says of a visit to Turbat: "The most soldier said that during the deportations the men, women and children of

effective evangelistic work was done gelists in villages. who, while giving by my language teacher, Fakr-ut-Taj. primary attention to Armenian and As soon as wc reached Turbat he went Assyrian work will utilize the many boldly out into the city and began to openings for village Moslem work. preach the Gospel to all who would The problem of assisting the Assyrian listen to him. He did not use the in- Evangelical Church and its system of direct method of giving the message village schools back on to their feet, that most Persians follow, but with an is a perplexing one. For the present abruptness that was startling he would the station has employed Kasha Baset forth the doctrines of the sin of billa as evangelist to the Assyrian man, the deity of Christ, the atone- people in Urumia; but beyond this ment, and the resurrection, and his we have done practically nothing conconversations seemed to make deep structive in the solution of the probimpressions. After he had led his lem. The medical work has been very men to accept his message he would popular, and our great regret has been bring them to me for further instruc- that our senior medical man, Dr. tion. As a result, few people came Packard, has been prevented by cirto see me in Turbat, except those who cumstances from reopening the work were vitally interested. Such aggres- in person. It is very apparent that sive efforts naturally provoked opposi- the people of Urumia wish our schools tion from the mollahs, especially as reopened; ~lJ.e obstructions have been Fakr-ut-'raj wore the clothes of a placed by government officials, probsheikh, and- soon it was rumored that ably local officials. It is possible that there was a plot to kill him. Several if the government officials higher up men who had asked for baptism were understood that the Station had not frightened away and for some days contemplated opening new schools, did not come to see us, but Fakr-ut- but simply continuing schools that Taj continued to go openly about the have been in existence for eighty years city and seemed almost to covet per- or more, but which had to be closed secution. However, our inquirers had during the period that the region slipdisappeared and the situation looked ped out of the control of the Persian discouraging for the establishment of Government, they might give instruca Christian group in Turbat. Then tions that our schools should be alit was that God's hand began to do lowed to go on as before the war." wonders. " Mr. Miller then tells how these nine men one by one accepted INDIA Christ. The Man-Power Problem Reoccupied Urunlia I N the area covered by the Telugu URUMIA was re-established as a Mission of the Church Missionary regular station of the Persia Mis- Society, the number of baptisms has sion of the American Presbyterian risen from 2,824 in 1919 to 7,202 in Board in May, 1923, but the reopen- 1922, and now 24,000 are being preing of the work, says Rev. Hugo A. pared for baptism. Rev. E. S. Tan- Muller, "has been of necessity a proc- ner writes of the dangers involved in ess rather than an act." He writes: such growth without an adequate "At no time during the year has any force of workers to deal with it: serious handicap been placed on our "Within the next five years we need evangelistic work by government. au- to employ at least 300 more men and thorities. Our evangelists have been 100 women, to train some of our unfew and we have the more appreciated trained teachers, to replace inferior Tabriz Station's loan of the services workers with better ones. Not to do of Rabi Yosip Sayad for a few months. so means one of two things: Either The :field needs one good Moslem evan- we shall receive adherents and not gelist in the city and several evan- teach them, with the consequence that we should have an ignorant, semi-

NEWS PROM MANY LANDS

heathen Church. or else we must re- brance of that life of loving service fuse to receive them. In that case the had remained with the Moslem and Roman Catholics would accept them, help-ed him to understand something and would dominate the whole situa- of the greater love of Christ.

tion and lead away some of our -The Wayfarer.

immature Christians. At present we have only one European man mission- SIAM ary engaged in educational work, but SiaDlese Graduates to Teach our organization calls for at least five. I N 1922 the Prince Royal's College In 1899 there were seventeen Euro- at Chiengmai, Siam, sent two of its pean missionaries in the field; today first graduates to Manila, P. I., for a there are only four, and the number year's study preparatory to teaching of adherents has risen from 15,000 to in their Alma Mater. Rev. William 70,000. " Harris,. Principal of the College, New Oollege in South India writes, in the Presbyterian Magazine: "This was an expensive proposition; T HE Christian College which has we had to raise privately $800 apiece been opened at Alwaye is likely to for this adventure, including travel, prove a great strength to the Church board, tuition and clothing; and, you in Travancore. Hitherto any Chris- may be sure, we were anxious to know tians who wanted nniversity education how the thing would pan out Well, have had to go to the government col- the lads haye returned wearing the lege which is' Hindu. The Rev. W. same sized hat they went in, and hav- E. S. Rolland, Principal of the C. M. ing gained enormously in their out- S. college at Kottayam, is to lecture look on life, and their desire and at Alwaye, but the staff consists abilitv for service. I don't think the chiefly of Indian Christians from the school ever made a better investment. "

Madras Christian College. The Bishop in Travancore (Dr. C. H. Gill) writes CHINA of them thus; "The Alwaye Teaching Agreement on Wei-hai-wei Fellowship is the finest product of the THE draft agreement negotiated at Indian Church that I have seen. It Peking between the British and stands for the will and ability of sons Chinese Governments for the return of India to do something themselves of Wei-hai-wei by the former to the on a large scale for the Kingdom of latter provides for a Chinese adminis- Christ in India." tration with.a reservation of certain The Mosle:m's MeDlory privileges by Great Britain for the benefit of the British Navy. The AMISSIONARY had been telling a principal features of the agreement as group of people in India about received by the State' Department fol- Christ and His great love, when a low: The British Government agrees Moslem man stood up and said: "I to hand over the administration of have seen that sort of man … He waR I,iu-kung-tao to China, in return for a strange man. When people did which the Chinese Government wiII wrong to him, he did good to them. give precedence to the British NaVY He looked after sick folk, and every- and allow it to use a suitable anchor- body who was in trouble. Many of age for a certain period, which may them had neyer had such a friend as be extended by mutual agreement.

he was. He used to take long journeys T~iu-kung-tao Island shall not be used in the broiling sun to help them. He as a trading port nor as a foreign was just what you said." What did settlement, and it shall be under the the Moslem mean '/ It seems that some control of the Chinese Navy to be used years before in a place five hundred as a naval station. The Wei-hai-wei miles away, he had noticed the life leasehold on the mainland will be re- of a missionary doctor. A remem- turned to the Chinese Government,

but a small portion will be reserved mittee, with headquarters in Peking.

for trade and residential purposes and At a pubLic meeting in Kuling in city quarters will be established. The August the following resolutions were area will be administered by Chinese adopted: offieials appointed bi'the Central Gov- "WHER.EAS, the cultivation, use, and trade ernment. The Chmese Government in opium, its derivatives, and allied drugs will continue to enforce poliee and are again assuming sllch proportions as to sanitary regulations. Chinese mari- form a deadly menace to the life of the na- tion as a whole and particularly to the time customs' officers will collect dues spiritnal life and growth of the Christian and control the port as in other trad- community, we earnestly believe that the ing ports. time has come to summon the Christian Chureh to withstand this evil in the name and power of God. We therefore make the Gifts from Missionaries following recommendations, viz.

A MERICAN Presbyterian mission- "(1) That the National Christian Coun- aries in China have themselves cil set aside a day, or days, this autumn contributed $500 Mex. to the budget when special prayer shall be offered by aU Christian congregations and Bermons of their Board. In view of the serious preached on the drug evil and its menace to deficit which that Board is facing, as the physical, moral, spiritual and national stated in the December REVIEW, the life of China, and that the National Chrismissionaries on the field passed the tian Council be requested to prepare placards and tracts giving the outstanding facts of following resolution at the meeting the drug traffic suitable for placing in the of their China Council in Shanghai: hands of all Christians, if such be not al- ready availa.ble. "Suggestions have eome from several parts of the field as to how we " (2) 'fhat all Christians honestly face the on the field may 'do our bit' toward present conditions with regard to opium, its derivatives, ilUd aWed drugs, and endeavor helping the Board in its present finan- to realize how far they are called by God cial straits. With remarkable unanimity a reduction in the native a·nd are themselves willing to face the COnwork is depreeated, and offers of per- sequences of a decided stand against this evil." -Chi,.ese Recorder.

sonal sacrifice are volunteered. It is The W. C. T. U. in China T surely a time for a careful scrutiny HE work of the Chinese National W. C. T. U. has grown rapidly of all expenditures and a checking up of all possible resources. The prayers since its first national convention in of the Council and the Missions go up January, 1922. Dr. Mary Stone, a on behalf of the Board which at this time is bearing such a tremendous Chinese Christian. as most friends of missions in China know, is the presiburden of responsibility. Is not the dent; Mrs. Renyin S. Mei the general situation, although distressing, still a secretary; Mrs. H. W. Liu the secredefinite challenge to our faith 1… At tary of the young people's branCh, this crisis, the Council and the Missions stand ready to give their hearty and Miss Faith Liu secretary of the cooperation to every effort which the editorial department. The work of the Union is directed against the use Board and the churches may make to of alcoholic liquors and tobacco. There meet the emergency which now con- are at present eight.y-two young peofronts them, and may those efforts all ple's branches in sixteen cities; of look toward an advance iu receipts these Shanghai has seventeen and Canrather than a reduction in the work." ton eleven. A special campaign at the Christians Fighting Opium end of 1922 added 380 general mem- bers and secured $750 in membership A GROWING demand is being re- fees. The W. C. T. U. in China now ported from China for determined has 6,300 members in all branches, Christian opposition to the social men- these being found in eleven provinces.

ace of opium. In the early summer The W. C. T. U. now cooperates with the National Christian Council took the International Anti-Tobacco Asso- steps to organize an Anti-Drug Com- ciation. Besides direct anti-drug work

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the Chinese National W. C. T. U. has A Christian Mongol several other interesting pieces of work. A day nursery, in which is a WAHl HURLATT, now a student kindergarten and rest rooms for chil- at Antioch College, Ohio, is a dren of workers, has been started in Mongol whose people have for cen- Shanghai; a special financial cam- turies been herdsmen. His father paign secured $3,376.64 toward its ex- owned three thousand sheep, five hunpenses. As many as 120 children at dred cattle, three hundred horses, and one time have used it. A night school a dozen camels; and the familyfor working women has also been es- grandparents, brothers, and sisters, tablished, which has an average at- and their families, fifty in all-live in tendance of forty-five. A temperance tents, and move from place to place quarterly has now b€en issued six over an area with a radius of one huntimes. During the year eighty public dred miles, in search of pasture and addresses were given to audiences ag- water for their flocks and herds. Until gregating 38,800. Sixty thousand let- he was sixteen Wahi lived on a pony's ters were also sent forth. back watching the stock. The ma- jority of merchants and gov.ernment -Chinese RecOI·de1·. officials in Mongolia are Chmese, so that the Mongols are at a great dis- Changes in Western China advantage unless some member of the family can speak and ~rite the. Chi- T HE Rev. A. A. Phillips, of the nese language. At sixteen Wahl was Church Missionary Society, Soo- sent by his grandfather to a school in retary of the. Western China Mission, Peking. Later he entered the Peking Y. 11. C. A. night-school, where he besummarizes the present po§ition there came a Christian and a general favor- ite with all who knew him. as follows: "The work of the Western His und(,1'standing of the Christian China C. M. S. Mission has grown up message gave him a new and larger vision and he moved on to Tokyo, dfourreiing'"~ the various oeriods of anti- wh€re' he met and came to know in- riots between- 1891 and 1900, timately 1,1r. and Mrs. W. R. Stewa~t, Y. M. C. A. secretaries, who took hIm the Box€r uprising in 1900, the polit- into their home, and tau~ht him Eng- lish and especially the New Testaical unrest of the years while the ment. When the Stewarts returned to America on thfir: furlough, Wahi Manchu dynasty was tottering to its came with them. lIe says that Mon- golia has three great needs-s~m€ refinal collapse in 1911, and, most un- liable means of transportatIOn, a school system, and Christia.nity. He certain and difficult of all, the twelve wants to return to MongolIa to help meet these needs.-Christian Endeavor years of the so-called Republic. And World.

today nearly the entire country, and JAPAN. CHOSEN especially Szechwan, is suffering an Earthquake Losses unimaginable amount of killing, loot- ON Sept€mber 29th Rev. W. E. Tow- son, of the M. E. Church South, ing, kidnapping, extortion, and every wrote from Kyoto: "The Home ~e­ partment of the Government has ISform of oppression. We have wit- sued the following total figures as a result of the latest investigations: nessed the change in the attitude of 'Afflicted population, 2,385,500; houses burned, 350,186; houses colthe people towards us, from that which was implied in the epithet' for- eign devils,' so freely used in former years, to the confidence reposed III us as educators of their children, leaders in social enterprise, almoners of funds for relief of distress, mediators be- tween contending armies, and as those whose word may be relied upon, and whose help will be giv€n readily in all good causes. Better still, we have seen the Chinese Christians, formerly reviled as 'eaters of foreign religion'

and 'slaves of foreigners,' now gen- erallv recognized as worthy citizens- men 'and women who may b€ trusted."

lapsed, 59',843; houses partially col- since the days of the war. Some of lapsed, 69,223; killed, 77,831; injured, the non-Christian leaders are calling 103,100; missing, 42,545.' Terrible the nation to repentance." as is – the total of the dead, it will probably be considerably increased in Further Reports from Tokyo the final report. The 'missing' ones include those who were buried under T HE following messages received in houses that fell and were afterwards England from Bishop Heaslett in burned. Then, too, many of the' in- South Tokyo, give further details of jured' will die and thus help to swell the earthquake situation: "Permathe total. Today's paper states that nent reconstruction of Tokyo and the railway system of the country, South Tokyo, church and mission which is only about 10,000 miles in losses minimum quarter million length, has suffered to the extent of pounds, besides dwellings, schools, $50,000,000, while the Communiea- hospital, dispensary, missions. All tions Department, consisting of the seventeen churches lost. Over fifty postal, telegraph and telephone sys- workers including missionaries, and tems, reports its total losses as $120,- 450 Christian families, homeless, lost 000,000. The total destruction of all. Killed and wounded Christians property by the earthquake and the over 100, many missing. Impossible fires caused by it will aggregate, the calculate losses. Cannot realize gravnewspapers report, somewhere near ity and immensity of calamity. Misa total of $5,000,000,000." sion work back fifteen years. Facing winter intense physical Buffering and Preserved Lives Dedicated much mental and spiritual distress. Christians gathering courage, living REV. W. E. Towson writes from and worshipping in lean-to's made of Kyoto, Japan: "Only last night, broken timbers…… The Government October 7th, I was told this story by has earned nothing but praise for its one of Japan's most earnest and suc- handling of the situation. No one has cessful Christian workers. He and died from starvation. All have been his family had planned to be in Tokyo taken care of as far as possible.- There on the day the disastrous earthquake has been terrible suffering and loss. occurred, but were providentially hin- All that are of anv use of our churches dered. Their escape from harm, and and other buildi"llgs are being used, probable death, so impressed the older with our glad consent, for the relief daughter of the family, who had of families, with the one proviso that mapped out a musical career for her- they allow us to have some use of them self and was already at work on it, on Sundays." that she announced, at family prayers, that she had given her preserved life News from Madame Yajima to God for any field of service for whieh He wiRhed her. 'rhereupon, the ONE of the outstanding Japanese younger sister said, 'If sister does Christians, to whom the thoughts that, I will do so also.' In telling the of many in this country turned when story, the father said, 'The revival news of the earthquake came, is has already begun in my family.' Madame Kaji Yajima. Readers of the lVlany are praying that throngh the REVIEW will recall the article about earthquake and the fire the people her in the October number. On Ocwill hear the call to repentance and tober 11th Miss Halsey, the present consecration of life and service to our principal of Joshi Gakuin, the girls' Lord. The people have been greatly school in Tokyo of which Madame sobered by this terrible experience and Yajima wa!' principal for forty years, they surely needed to be, for extrava- called on the latter to carry the gift gance, luxnriousness, profHgacy and of sympathy that the Presbyterian immorality have been very rampant Board had sent in their first cable to Japan after the earthq'lake. Miss

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Halsey writes of her visit as follows: lands has fanned into flames the eager- "This dear old lady of ninety had ness for education which the World been carried by the soldiers in a litter War had kindled in tbose countries, Qut to one of the suburbs and she very so long stagnating in an apparently politely said that it was the finest ride contented ignorance. The contact that she had ever had. She lost her with Western civilization brought hom-e and the office of the W. C. T. U. th-em by the war awakened this desire Now she is living in the bakery of the to know; the coming of national in- Rescue Home. I assured her that it dependence has faced them with the is a most appropriate place for one absolute necessity of it. Native lead- who has spent her life in telling ers must be trained. They must have others of the Bread of Life. She all of the learning held by the leaders wished me to say ''l'hank you' for of the Western world, with whom th-ey your kindness to her." have suddenly seemed to be thrust on terms of eqnality. And the only A Korean Boy Soul-Winner sources of that education are Western F OSTER K. GAMBLE writes in colleges. As a consequence, the Amer- The Korea ,"'fission Field: "On a ican University at Cairo has taken on recent country trip, in a village far an importance in their -eyes which we out in the mountains, I met a boy could not have hoped for a decade eleven years old and was told an inter- ago. We have been able to accept only esting story of his work. Less than one third of the students who have two years ago a group of believers applied to us for admisS!ion. We enwas gathered at Twee-tooroo through rolled only 200 of them this past year, the work of the preaching band. Se- but that means reaching into 200 of vere pers'!'cution resulted in increasing the most inHuential families of all the faithfulness of those who had Egypt; and we hope that through undertaken to follow Christ, and there extension lectures this coming year, are now {tbout seventy in regular at- we shaH penE'trate into hundreds more of these homes." 'fhat the way is not tendance. A church building has been all clear, however. is evident from an erected and a school opened. Among article in a leading Moslem newspaper those who attended the school and in Cairo, calling the University sharpchurch is one boy who lives in another ly to task for requiring Mohammedan village two miles away. For months students to attend daily chapel sel'Vhe was th" only one in the village who made any profession of Christi- ices.

anity, and many made light of him.

He never wavered, but was regular at A Christian Headman school and church. and constantly R EV. C. A. CHAZEAUD, who has told his parents and others that they been engaged in evangelistic work too should become Christians. Through under the American Presbyterian the boy's entreaties the father and Board in· tbe Cameronn since 1921, mother have now done so, and all are writes from Elat: "At Ewon, out happy in their new faith. Who from Elat. in the Ntoumou country, where the evangelist has been at work knows but that there is a career of only five months, there is an audience great usefulness in the Church before of ·SOO at the meetings. Th-ey come this bright, earnest boy?"

AFRICA from far and near to hear the words The Opportunity in Cairo of God. Manv new converts were ex- amined and se~eral were admitted into D R. CHARIJES R. WATSON, pres- the first vear catechumen class. The ident of the American University headman' of the town, husband of in Cairo, rec'€lltly said of the oppor- many wives, who has been invested by tunity before the institution: "The the Government of Gabon with a very nationalistic Ulovement in Moslem far-reaching influence and authority,

has lately become a Christian. Ela ANew Station in Cameronn .Nka has I?ut ~way all his wives except MERICAN Presbyterian missionone. Thls wlfe and also two of his . . aries in the Cameroun are emphachildren have become Christians. A slzmg the strategic importance of house of God has been started and Yaounde, the newest mission station meantime meetings are conducted in "Since its establishment as the capitai the headman's big palaver house. Ela of the Cameroun it has become more has shown his earnestness and zeal and more a center of traffic. With the for the things of God by going about French government headquarters as the co~ntry s~bject to his authority, !he center, the population has greatly collectmg febshes of every descrip- mcreased and a steady stream of tion, including human skulls and traders from the coast and the interior bones. He was very proud to show us bring a varied life to the town. The these trophies which filled seV'€ral position of Yaounde as the center baskets lined along the sides of the from which will soon radiate roads in large room assigned to us as sleeping all directions, will enable the Chrisquarters in his new house." tian workers to reach fields that have never before been touched with the Mission Fleet for Congo Gospel-an opportunity greater than h~s .been oered by any of the other ~~NOT every foreign mission board, " mISSIOn stations."-The Continent. says The Continent, "can boast ISLANDS OF THE SEA of so large and so well equipped a fleet of boats as the Disciples of Christ Chaos in New Hebrides now have for their African work. The Disciple missionaries have to travel ARECENT cablegram from Mellong distances by the great Congo bourne, quoted in the Anti-Slav- River and its tributaries, and for ery Reporter and Aborigines' Friend, many years such travel was done stated that the conditions in the New under the blazing African sun in Hebrides under the Condominium crude dug-out log canoes. For the were growing steadily worse, and that past fourteen years the mission has the situation was intolerable. Alcohol had a ~hip of forty tons, the Oregon, is prohibited, but the natiV'€s get drunk and a lIttle motor launch, the Marion, on French spirits. ' 'Firearms and but last February contracts were let ammunition are barred by treaty, but for two 57-feet sternwheel steamers to natives kill one another with such ply up and down the river and carry weapons. Women are an open shame the Gospel to tribes that hitherto the on French plantations, justice is dead, missionaries have been unable to and every effort for the good and inreach. The new boats, which are ex- dependence of the natives is thwartpected to be ready before the end of ed. " The Presbyterian General Asthe year, are the Illinois and the Mis- sembly in Victoria have protested to souri, each named for the state that is Government against the Condominium providing the $10,000 necessary for administration. The British Governtheir construction. Each boat con- ment replied that "the representatains two cabins,. shower bath, toilet, tions are being considered," and it galley stove, foldmg tables, four seat- hopes that the conditions will be more berths, lights and all fittings, and satisfactory when the Joint Court every window is provided not only again begins work. "But we fear," with glass but with copper screening says the editor, "that this is little against the mosquitoes and the tsetse more than a pious hope in a situation fiies that carry sleeping sickness. which under present conditions seems Every part is built for service and yet nearly hopeless." with the utmost economy, and the Illinois is also provided wit.h a dispensary."

LmRARY0_' ~.. THE ·iRHi· iRki" ·LI"UO

.

~ iAki· '" ova·………….. "

China-Yesterday and Today. By Prof. E. sionary enterprise in China. 'fhe au- thor, being engaged in promoting the T. Williams. IUus. and Map. 8vo. 613 interests of the British-American pp. Thomas Y. Crowell. New York. Tobacco Company in China, felt a 1913. de~ire to visit the ancient eapital, HSI-an Pu, where was located the Nes- China is so vast a country that torian Monument, dated A. D. 781. He not only saw the stele, but had it many volumes cannot exhaust the dis- secretly duplicated on the very ground, using the same grade of stone cussion of its peoples, the cities, coun- and copying the inscription as accur- ately as a "squeeze" could make it try>. customs, history, learning, possible. As the reviewer has another "squeeze" of the inscription and rehglOn, politics and possibilities. Dr. writes less than 500 feet from a plaster facsimile of Dr. Holm's replica, he "¥illiams, formerly a resident of gladly recognizes. the accuracy of the work done under his direction. Dr. China, and now professor of Oriental Holm wisely chose the translation of the Sinologue, Alexander Wylie, and Languages and Iliterature in the Uni- of Professor Sael,i, whose "Nestorian Monument in China" is the standard versity of California, has given in this volume on the subject.

single volume an unusnally compre- The account of the author's travels hensive, iniorming and readable de- ~cri"ption of Qhina and its history, its mstItutions and customs, its govern- rmeleingtionasn,ditsinfdoursetirgines~elitastioentshiacns and d re- cent changes.

One marvels that so much informa- tion is condensed into such limited spac~ v:rithout squeezing out the life, the mCldents and concrete facts that make it interesting reading. The through inland China, his dealings with the people and the many diffiauthor does not treat largely of Chris- culties encountered as he brought the tian missions but he acknowledges. the monument to completion and then had debt of China to Christian education and ideals and he shows the condi- it conveyed to the steamer is most tions under which the missionaries interesting, but the narrative suffers work and the need for their work. from the too common weakness of Perhaps the most serious omission is travelers who regard the" natives" as the failure to recognize the influence proper material for flogging with a of Chinese Christians in the making over of China. This volume is valu- Cossack whip, and whose idea of able collateral reading for mission Eelicity is a table filled with abundant study classes on China. supplies of liquor at some club or rne0rch:mt.'sh residence. My Nestorian Adventure in China. maBpy. Frits Holm, LL.D., D.C.L. IlIus., ne WIS es that the volume might have included some further account of 335 pp. New York: Fleming H. Revell Company. $3.50. 1923. the early efforts of Nestorian Chris- Dr. Holm has rendered archlEology tians in the ancient capital, and the and Christianity a great service in later disappearance of their form of sccuring a replica of the most ex- Christianity from the Empire. This tended Christian monument of Asia, ultimate failure seems from the in- first exhibiting it for years in New scription to have been due in part to York and finally sending it to Rome the withholding of important Chris- where it stands in the Ilateran as one tian truth from the public, if not from of the greatest proofs of early mis- their converts. H. P. B.

75

New Lanterns in Old China. Theodora conduct of schools; the opening of a second station at Safed, perhaps "the Marshall Ingli&. 175 pp. New York. city set upon a hill that cannot be hid"; the spiritual clinics of the phy- J<'leming H. Revell Company. $1.25. 1923. sician, so typically set forth; the ad- venturous work afield among the A doctor's wife, whose hospital was Bedouin Arabs; the "dead tired" section, when the Doctor wrote: "The in Peking, tells these thirteen stories, work is very hard, and so is the field, and one is apt to become engrossed in most or them with the hospital for a the dry detail of our daily duties; but we keep pegging away"; the war background. Some are tales of the tragedy of 1914-1917; and the re- Boxer time and its persecution of Christians and all enter into the life of the Chinese. The author's hus- band, Yin Tai-fu, is naturally prom- inent, and the smell and magic of his double-healing are prominent. "The Camouflaged Pill" is a fair sample of construction work beginning in 1919; these are sample chapters of the book. what any missionary doctor in China might duplicate. We wish that the Doctor Torrance never faltered nor healed Buddhist priest, made over in- feared and his dealings with Jews, as prejudiced today as in A. D. 30, were to a witness of .Jesus, were common in modeled after those of the Great Phymission hospitals. Professor Head- lana is right in commending to young sician. The secret of his wonderfully fruitful li.fe is found in these words people and their libraries this volume, with little to criticise – except its of the author: "The supreme lesson of Dr. Torrance's long experience is hardly successful attempt to make Chinese words pronounceable for Oc- that love alone will bring them to Christ. The Jew is intensely human; cidentals. H. P. B.

A Galilee Doctor: A Sketch of the Gareer he is affectionate, with the home sense of Dr. D. W. Torranee of Tiberias. By strongly developed, a man of concord W. P. LivingstonE', Illus., map, viii. 283 and peace, and he responds readily to pp. New York. George H. Doran Com- sympathy and kindness. Through pany. $2.00. 1923. love he can best be drawn to the ap- Every traveler who stops for even a few hours at this city of Herod peal of Christ." H. P. B. Antipas is struck by the plant of the United }<'ree Church of Scotland and The year Book of the Churches. Edited is sure to hear the praises of its famous by E. O. Watson. 8vo. 483 pp, $1.50. missionary, locally known ~s Trance, The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America., New York. 1923. and whose fame as a Hakim has spread over Palestine like that of the Divine This directory of religious bodie'S, Healer of Galilee nearly twenty cen- brought up-to-date, gives a statement turies ago. of history, doctrine and polity for evangelical denominations, and other While the environment of Dr. Laws religious organizations in America. of Livingstonia or of Mary Slessor of The officials, boards, periodicals, ed- Calabar cannot add color and thrills itors, educational institutions and to this story, the author makes the executives are listed under each dereader visualize the Holy IJand of to- nomination. Then follows a directory day-or rather of conditions preceding of interchurch bodies, governmental the British Mandate. The story of agencies and other social service acthis useful life includes the establish- tivities. ment of the Mission by the young 'rhe' statistics of churches, of for- Scotch doctor, sent out by the Jewish eign and home missionary work, and Mission Committee of the Free of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. Church; the early days of hostility- for 1922, include a study of growth which never really disappeared, de- in church membership as compared spite the fact that Jewish enemies with growth in population in the United St.ates, 1890-1922. A table came and were healed of manifold dis- also shows the relative growth of eases; the establishment and difficult Roman Catholics and Protestants in Church. The real intellectual obstacle the United States from 1890 to 1922. to missionary success is not inflexi- Facts as to prohibition in the United States are given, with tables as to bility or the like, but on the contrary the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment, and the area under pro- the absence of a message. Agnostic hibition by state laws and its results. There is also included a list of impor- Modernism, whether in the Unitarian tant events in Christian Church his- Church or in the churches called tory by Dean 'V. E. Garrison of the ., evangelical," has no message; Paul, Univel'sity of Chicago. This handbook represents a large amount of on the contrary, was a missionary becareful work and is exceedingly valuable for reference. cause he had a pi€ce of "Good News"

The Apostle Paul and the Modern World. which he held to be true for all time An Examination of the Teaching of Paul in Ita Relation to Some of the Religious and for all peoples. J. G. M. Problems of Modern Life. By Francis Greenwood Peabody, Plummer 'Professor African ldylls. Rev. Donald Fraser, D.D. of Christian Morals (Emeritus) in Har- vard University. Pp. xi, and 280. Price Introduction by Jean MacKenzie. Illus. $2.50. New York: The Macmillan Com- 8vo. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Co. New pany. 1923. York. 1923.

A greater' contrast could scarcely The author, for nearly thirty years be imagined than that which exists a missionary in Nyasaland, British between modern Unitarianism and the Central Africa, was elected last year religion of Paul. Dr. Peabody seeks Moderator of the United Free Church to bridge the gulf by an unhistorical of Scotland. He is one of the truly modernizing of the Apostle; but the great Scotch missionaries and an aueffort, despite the skill with which it is made, was doomed to failure. It is thor of unusual ability. His book quite impossible to force the Paul of the Epistles into a mould that shall has charm and humor as well as inbe acceptable to the modern" liberal" formation and inspiration. Dr. Fra- Church. What Dr. Peabody, despite ser has deep insight into the African '0' all his learning, has failed to under- mind and character, and is familiar stand is the simple fact that the real Paul had a message, which he believed with their black magic and witch docto be not m~rely useful but true. This tors. Each chapter pictures some fact places an impassable gulf between Paul on the one hand and the aspect of missionary life or describes agnostic pragmatism of the modern vividly the church or the African. liberal Church on the other. Dr, Fraser speaks for other mission- 'I'he way in which Dr.' Peabody al- aries in Africa when he discusses the lows his own predilections to color his results of his work-" If arithmetic is treatment of history appears with to be the measure of progress, who will special crassness in what he says flnd for us a table of acts of mercy 1 about missions. "Lack of flexibility," If only we had a register to record he says (p. 270), "incapacity to adapt deepening character, growing knowlone's self to environing and alien edge, faith, Christlikeness I-then we ideas, fixity of mind and condescen- would have a record, true and revealsion of mannE'r – these have been ing, of how the world is moving on, throughout all Christian history slowly perhaps and hirpling, but t.he intellectual obstacles to mission- moving on to the Light and the Image ary success." This sentence is refuted by the entire history of the of God." c. T. W.

On What Authority. By Rt. Rev. Edmund Knox, D.D. 12mo. 284 pp. $2.50 net. Longmans, Green and 00. New York. 1922.

In these days of theological dispute and uncertainty, it is refreshing to :find such a clear, sane, Biblical and constructive statement of the founda- tions of the Christian faith. The late Bishop of Manchester has writtep. a book that will apeal to thinking men and women. Bishop Knox's conclusions as to the authority of the Scrip- ent chaotic condition strikes the less tures and the deity of Christ are hopeful Westerner as unjustifiable.

conservative and scriptural. Ministers The last chapter is of special value will find much help here. to the student of Christian Missions For a New America. By Coe Hayne. 12mo. for in it Dr. Cheng, the man chosen by 173 pp. 75c and 50c. Missionary Edu· cation Mov~ment. New York. 1923. foreigners and Chinese to be the Concrete illustrations of the need Chairman of the great Conference in and the results of Christian work in America are brought together in these Shanghai, reviews in a truly masterly manner the position of the Chinese Christian Church. R. G.

very delightful home missionary Henry Martyn, Confessor of the Faith. By sketches. The author draws from the Constance E. Padwick. 12mo. 304 pp.

life and work of individuals he has $1.50. Geo. H. Doran Co., New York and Student Christian Movement, London. met in rural communities, in cities, 1923. among the foreign born, the Indians, The aim of these brief biographies Negroes, Mexicans and in industrial is rather to give a fresh interpretacenters. There are helpful sugges- tion and a richer understanding of tions for study and discussion, ques- the life and work of great missiontions and supplementary reading. The arie's. In this biography of Henry chapters also are suitable for reading Martyn we have depicted in succesaloud in missionary circles. sion the Calcutta of the Nabobs to Directory of Protestant Missions in China. give the Indian setting of the story; $1.15 (map 25c). Kwang Haueh Pub· the preparation of the future missionlishing House. Shangha.:i. 1923. ary from his early life and schooling This new edition of the very useful in Cornwall, through his under- annual directory lists eighty Protes- graduate days at Cambridge, his contant missionary agencies in China version consequent on his father's with five thousand missionaries. These death, to his Fellowship of St. John's are arranged alphabetically, by sta- and his curacy with Charles Simeon, tions and by societies. The map shows until we arrive at the circumstances the centers occupied by missionaries that led to the call to India. Then we (indicating the approximate number are given his love story; the account of of foreign workers in each center), his nine months' voyage to India; we the one thousand or more unoccupied see him at Calcutta, Dinapore and cities, the rivers, railways, canals and Cawnpore. He appears before us in his trade routes. strenuous studies and work as a lin- China Today Through Chinese Eyes. Dr. guist, with the charge of translating the New Testament into Hindostani T. T. Lew, Prof. Hu Shih, Prof. Y. Y. and of supervising the translations Tsu, Dr. Cheng Ching Yi. 144 pp. $1.25. into Persian and Arabic. In the mat- George H. Doran 00. New York. 1923.

Four Chinese who stand out today ter of linguistic attainment he stands as among the foremost among the brilliant minds in the Far East have as a high ideal to all who would follow written these seven thoughtful, well- him in missionary work. Then folwritten chapters on as many vital low an a~count of his journey to problems which now face rapidly Shiraz, a chapter entitled "A year changing China. The book enables among the Doctors" (of Persia) and finally a chapter on Martyn as Travthe reader literally to see through Chinese eyes. To the student of eler, ending with the vivid scene of his last hours at Tokat.

China and her present complicated In this Henry Martyn will be more problems it is invaluable. The key than ever a recruiter of missionaries, note is "Renaissance." Extreme op- especially to the Mohammedan field, timism characterizes most of the and a source of continual inspiration artic:les, which in view of China's pres- to those-already in this field. P. S. The Religion of Lower Races: As nlus- Moslem and Christian Press in all trated by the African Bantu. By Edwin Mohammedan countries." And it is W. Smith. 7%x5. Pp. xiv Blld 82. $1.00. not a superficial view of the subject, The Macmillan Co. New Ymk. 1923. as the manv names of workers in Mos- lem fields, found on pp. 281-83, abun- " The World's Living Religions" dantly suggest. Weare glad to look Series is prepared under the direction of the Board of Missionary Prep- into the faces of twelve of the number aration of North America. Its aim is at p. 34. Authority, wideness of into furnish students and missionary vestigation, combination of forces in candidates in particular with accur- personal consultation, excellent editoate, trustworthy, brief and popular rial work, differentiate the volume presentations of the actual religious from any preceding volume even relife of each great region of the non- motely treating the subject. We con- Christian world; but if this volume, gratulate the Committee and its Chairwhich is the first of the Series, is a man Dr. C. H. Patton, upon this fore· prophecy of those which are to come, rnnner of what ought to be a series of busy pastors and leaders of mission~ similar surveys of Christian Literaary study classes are likely to find ture in great religious areas of the them even more useful. non-Christian world.

Mr. Smith, son of a South African Naturally the volume partakes more missionary, worked for seventeen or less of an enumeration of works in years as a Primitive Methodist mis- various hmguages, classed by geosionary among the Baila, on the Kafue graphical areas. The average reader River, some two hundred miles north will not attempt to read the many lists of the Victoria Falls (Zambesi). That throughout. Indeed, the work is not he is of the open-eyed variety is mani- especially intended for him, but rathfest from 'l'ke !la-speaking Peoples,'IF er for missionaries and others who nine-tenths of which is from his pen; are studying the distribution and and his culture is vouched for by his character of the printed page for the recent appointment as Literary Superintendent of the British and For- enlightenment and conversion of our eign Bible Society. widely scattered 234,814,989 brothers The Raligion of Lower Races deals with the whole of Bantu Africa. Its and sisters of thfl Moslem faith. They ten compact and readable chapters, which can be easily covered at a sit- are listed under 106 countries on pp. ting, outline Bantu religion, with its twin foci of magic and the cult of the 292-95. For these students of the dead, and close with valuable advice concerning the Christian approach to subject, what better method of presdevotees of this religion; the result of ripe experience, prolonged study, ~ntat~on could be devised 1 Not only and a steady determination to enter into the feelings of others. w. c. w. III POlllt of concrete mention of books I and less ambitious works, but espe- Christian Literature in Moslem Lands. Pre: cially in the many diagrams andmaps, pared by a Committee Appointed by the Committee of Reference and Counsel of they and all others gain impressions the Foreign Mi.sious Conference of North Am.erica Bnd the Committee of Social and through eyegate which no end of let- Religious Surveys. IUus. maps, 306 pp. New York: George H. DorBll Co'. $3.50. ter press could impart. The superb 1923. half-tones add greatly to this aspect This volume carries out with some degree of fulness the claims of its sub- o~ the volume. Its division into spe- title, " A study of the activities of the CIally marked paragraphs is most com- *See article on riA Study ot Souls in Central Africa" in our January number. mendable; anything can be found at a glance. H. P. B.

The Children's Bible. Edited by Henry A. Sherman and Charles Foster Kent. nlns. Large 8vo. 329 pp. $3.50'. Charles Scribner's Sons. New Y(}rk. 1922.

This beautifully illustrated and well printed volume is a "Children's Bible" in the sense that the editors have selected only those portions of the Old and New Testaments that cism and states as facts conclusions they think adapted to children under that are mere guesswork. The narra- about sixteen years of age. Unlike tive of the birth, life, death and resur- Bishop Petter '8 "Bible for Children, " rection of Christ depart in many it does not follow the King James respects from the Bible record. And Version but simplifies the language, yet this book is being recommended as where "made" is substituted for EoI' Sunday-sehool teaching! Many "created" in Genesis 1: 1. It is not people will take as gospel truth Mr.

in reality a new translation of the Tan Loon 'f! statl'ments and will, on Hebrew and Greek texts but a para- his authority, set aside the gospels as phrase of the English version. There mere tradition. While the author, no are, or eourse, many omissions and doubt, intended to do good, the book some word substitutions of which is calculated to do harm to uninformed many Bible students and teachers and undiscriminating readers. Most will not approve-and some which do of the illustrations are crude in the violence to the original. extreme; many are grotesque and a The record begins with Creation few are sacrilegious.

and the Fall of Man, goes on to the flood, the call of Abnham and subse- NEW BOOKS quent events of Jewish and Christian China and Her Peoples. Lena E. Johnston. history; it closes with the vision of 136 pp. 28. United Committee of Misthe New Jerusalem from Revelation. sionary Edueation. London. 1923.

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The Story of the Bible. By Hendrik Van The Christian and His Money Problems. Loon. Illus. Large 81'0. 452 pp. $5.00. Bert Wilson. 233 pp. $1.50. George H. Boni and I,everight. New York. 1923. Doran 00. New York. 1923.

Mr. Van r~oon confesses that he has Religion in Its Purity and Power. T. W. no theological knowledge. He is evi- Gardiner. 191 pp. Is 6d. Christian Literature Society. London. 1922.

dently also not a thorough Bible stu- I'risoners of Hope: A Story. Beatriee dent for this story has more of Van Levertofl'. 104 Pl'. 28. Faith Press. Loon in it than of the Bible. It con- London. 1922. tains the author's opinions of how the Bible came to be written and what A History of Moravian Missions. J. E. is false and what may be true. Many Hutton. 550 PI'. 5<8. Moravian Publicaof the statements have little or no tion Office. London. 1923. foundation in established facts. The result is more of the author's story The Methodist Episcopal Church and Its Foreign Missions. Bishop Thomas B. of the Bible than the Bible story. He Neely. 332 PI'. $2.50. Methodist Book considers the Old Testament a mass Concern. New York. 1923. of fables and folk-lore and the New Testament a compilation of traditions Directory of Protestant Missions in China, of Jesus written a hundred years 1923. Kwang Hsueh Publishing House. after His time. He denies the apos- Shanghai. 1923. tolic authorship of any of the gospels. Although the book is supposedly writ- Report of the International Christian Con· ten for young hoys, it deals with un- ference, Shanghai. Rev. F. Rawlinson, Chairman Editorial Committee. 724 pp. $2.50. Oriental Press. 115 Avenue Ed· ward VII, Shanghai. 1923.

China Mission Year Book, 1923. F. Raw· linson, Editor. 373 pp. Christian Litera- ture Society. Shanghai. 1923.

settled questions of historical criti- (Coneluiled on thiJril eovor page.) Chinese Recorder JOURNAL OF THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN CHINA Independent Interdenom;nat;OfIal Internat;';'al T HERE is no better Cbris. tian and Americanization E,tablishetl Fifty-four Years work tban the free distri. The oldest bution of Bibles to tbe imn'i. Aims to Interpret China of To-day a8 Seen Bible /';oClety grants who reach our shores in New InteUeot..al Life. Sooial in New York daily. Changes and Religious Movements lind the OJliy The work of circulating the Bitne distribul- ble, in 53 languages, among Original Artioles by Chinese Writers Ing Bibles these poten~al citizens brings FREE;nlh, far reaching resnlts. A Neawiry to Libraries and those Concerned <with the Needs and Aspirations of Changing China City and har- Your donation will help ir this noble work and at the same PUBLISHED MONTHLY..,… Each issue contains at oor. time may establish a life income least sixty-four pages. from your investment accord- ing to the annuity plan. SUBSCRIPTION- United States and Canada, $3.00 gold. LEARN HOW GENEROSITY ACTUALLY PAYS CASH CHINESE RECORDER DIVIuENDS 5 Quinsan Gardens. Shanghai Writ~ For Booklet HTH Sample copy sent on request. New York Bible Society 5 EasU8th St. New York Cil} NEW BOOKS The Making and Meaning of the New Tes. tament. James H. SnOWden. 297 pp_ (Concluded from page 80.) $2.50. Macmillan Co. New York. 1923. The Kachins, Their Customs and Tradi- In Palestine at the Empty Tomb. E. E. tions. Rev. O. Hanson. 225 pp. 58. Violette.' 89 pp. $1.25. .Goorge H. Doran American Baptist Mission Press. Ran- Co. New York. 1923. goon, Burma. 1913. More Twice Born Men. Harold Begbie. When the East is in the West. Maude 164 pp. G. P. Putnam's Sons. New Madden. 153 pp. Fleming H. Revell Co.. York. 1923. New York. 1923. Franeois Coillard. Edward Shillito _ 230 Glimpses of Indian America. W. F. Jordan. pp. $1.50. George H. Doran Co. New 203 pp. $1.75. Fleming H. Revell Co. York. 1923. New York. 1923. More Jungle Tales (India). Howard.A. Musser. J95 pp. $1.50. Geo. H. Doran Tables in the Wildern~ss. Amy Wilson Co. New York. 1923. Carmicbael. 154 pp. 18, 6d. Order from Answered Prayer in China. Charles E. Miss E. D. Sewell, 29 Grosvenor Rd., Scott. 219 pp. $1.50. Sun clay School Westminster London, S. W. 1. 1923. Times Co. Philadelphia. 1923. China Yest?rday and Today. E. T. Wil· Life as a Stewardship. Guy L. MorriJl. Iiams. 8vo. $2.00. Tholl1l1B Y. Crowell 108 pp. 25c. Presbyterian Bonrd of Co. New York. 1923. PUblication. Witherspoon Building. New Lanterns in Old China (Stories of Philadelphia. 1923. Chinese Life). Theodora M. Inglis. 175 pp. $1.~5. Fleming H. Revell Co. New Japanese Posters (to be colored and let· York. 1923. tered). Heidelberg Press. Philadelphia. – Bible Stories in Rhyme. Florence E. Hay. 1923.

84 pp. Bodeheaver Co. 218 S. Wabash Reigning in Life. J. East Harrison. 212 Ave. Chicago. 1923. pp. $1.50. Sunday School Times Co. How to Produce Flays and Fageants. Philade1llhia. 1922.

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through The American Chri::tian Literatpre Society for Moslems U"COTpOTated in 1915) '.l'his Society is Interdenominational Committoos of Missionaries Cooperate on the Fields The Literature is Adapted to Moslems The Jl.le3sages are Thoroughly Evangelical The Tracts are Printed Attractively They gl' where no Missionaries are allowed They can be read in secret and repeatedly Many Moslems have been converted through 'ioracts Will YOll help give Moslems the Gospel?

Write for Information to Mr.. James M. Montgomolry, Secretary, Box 888, New York City THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS William I. Chamberlain. Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer. Delavan L. Pierson. of New York. Vice-Presidents Dr. JamesRL~'B~rt~zi zwe~:: ~r~iik C:l~~onH~;.~~:ry ~~~ldA~~;:e~~rYMi1ligan Mrs. Wm. B. Hill Mr. Fennell P. Turner Mrs, D. L. Pierson Mr.. Finley J. Shepard Mrs. Wm. Borden Seltd Gifts to :Mrs. E. E. Olcott. 322 West 75th Street. New York. Treasurer A CHALLENGING PROBLEM!

Are Yon Interested in Helping Solve It?

Tke most di.fficult missionary problem is how to el'angelize the 200, 000, 000 Mohammedans. Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, of .Cairo, is editor of t!le Quarterly magazine which deals with this situation from an experience of over thirty years.

Read THE MOSLEM WORLD You wi:l receive first-hand informatien from those who know.

A FEW ARTICLES IN JANUARY NUMBER THE AMERICAN BOARD AND THE TURKS . . . . . . . . Ernest W. Rigg., THE CRUCIFIXION IN. THE KORAN ……… Mart/vi Muhammtu/ Din SCANDINAVIAN MISSIONS TO MOSLEMS ……….. . F. Fris Berg A HINDU APOLOGIST FOR ISLAM ………..•… . Murre:; 1'. Titus A TRT(' TO ADIS ABABA …………………… , .. John C. Young A MOHAMMEDAN'S KNOWLEDGE OF THE KORAN .. Trevor Bomford A MOSLEM VIEW OF THE CHRISTIAN BIBLE … . M. H. A1I£mikiam CUHUENT TOPICS BOOK REVIEWS SUBSCRIBE-KEEP IN TOUCH WITH THOSE f7HO KNOW THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY 156 Fifth Avenue, New York Send today for the latest number-the demand soon exhausts the sUPl?ly.

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The Missionary Review of the World — February 1923

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CONTENTS FOR FEBRUARY, 1923 Page FRONTISPIECE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BUILDING THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH IN CHINA EDITORIALS …………………………………………………….. 85 CHRISTIAN LEADERBHIP IN OHINA FOREIGN MISSIONS AT BETHLEHEM CHANGED SITUATION IN CHILE A UNITED FRONT IN EGYPT A BIBLE REVIVAL ur AUSTRALIA A NEW STAGE IN MISSIONS IN CHINA . . . . . . . . BY KENNETH S. LATOURETTE 93 A review of the pre.ent .it1wtion ana forces in China ana the new methoas aaapted to meet new conditions.

HOW A MISSIONARY WORKS IN CHINA ………. BY CHARLES E. PATTON 97 A graphio pioture of a method by which a miSSionary gavns a hearino and undertakes to establish a permanent Christian chut'ch in a pioneer fiela in.

China.

A TRAINING SCHOOL FOR BIBLE TEACHERS IN CHINA ………….. . ……………………….. ………… . BY MISS MARY F. PARMENTER 104 The story of the preparation of trained women Bible teachers in China to carryon the work formerly done by untrained B·ible women.

A MISSION TO THE ARISTOCRAOY OF INDIA . . . . . . . BY REBECCA J. PARKER 109 An. interesting account of the unique mission to a '",eg/.eetea class of Indians, most difficult of access.

CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA, PRESENT AND FUTURE .. BY MILTON T. STAUFFER 113 Some striking extracts from addresses at the Shanghai Conference and from reports printed in the China Survey.

DENOMINATIONAL COOPERATION IN MONTANA …. BY G. CLIl"FORD CRESS 119 A remarkable record of the methods and resu.lts of cooperation in one home missionary state. under the auspices of the Home Mission,q CouncU.

THE EDUCATIONAL COMMISSION TO OHINA . . . . . . . . . BY T. 11. P. SAILER 125 .A ret'iew of the epoch-makimg report of the Commission, of American educa· tionalists who personally examined missionary Schools in China.

JUDSON'S MISSIONARY MESSAGE … ,……………………………. 129 MOSLEMS AND ANTI·OHRIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , …… BY A. T. UPSON 131 A BUNDLE OF MISSIONARY METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . By MRS. E. C. CRoNK 133 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN … EDI~ED BY SARAH J. POLHEMUS 137 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …. EDI~ED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 139 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ………………………………………. 142 MISSIONARY LIBRARY ….. ,…………………………………….. 158 TERMS: $2.50 a. year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1921, by Mlissionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Ha.rrisburg, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY. Inc.

Robert E. Speer, Preolden' Wm. I. Chamberlain. Vice·Preaident Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall. Treasurer Publication olliee, 3d /I: Reily Su.• Harrisburc. Pa. E;ditorw and Business Olliee. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York CitT . aso a COPT $0.50 a 7ear "7'· Entered &I Becond·cla•• matter at the Post 0&•• Harrisburc. Pa•• under Act of March ,. BUSINESS CHAT Wade Smith Comes Back FOREIGN MISSION BOARDS AND THE "Say, Fellows-" by Wade C. Smith, was one REVIEW of the most captivating of "boys' talks!! on the Sunday-school lessons ever published-it ran Cooperation between the Home and For- every week in The Sunday School Times a year 01' two ago. There was deep regret on the part eign Mission Boards and the MISSIONARY of many when this gifted Southern writer was obliged, because of ill-health and overwork. to REVIEW OF THE WORLD is increasingly ef- lay it down. And DOW he has taken it up again I This real genius of 1es80n eXDosition, whose penfective_ The valuable service rendered by and-ink pictures on the lessons, tiThe Little Jetts," are endearinK him to multitudes of chilthe REVIEW to the missionary cause is widely dren and grown folks the world around, not only continues "Little letts" in each issue of The Sunacknowledged and many Boards are using day School Times, but also his article for teach- ers of boys, every week. It is packed full with the magazine to help educate their home the most intimate, every-day knowledge of boy life and boy episodes. constitnencies and to carry a world view of Mistakel of Higher Critics the progress of Christianity to workers in The articles during the past year in The Sunthe field. day School Times by Prof. Robert Dick Wilson, of Princeton, have been "high eX'Plosives," :n For six years tho Foreign' Missions Con- their legitimate counter-attacks against the anti-Christian campaign of the destructive critiference has cooperated with the REVlEW by cism of the Bible. Dr. Wilson is going on with this writing for appointing a Committee to represent them on the Editorial Council ot the REVlEW..

'l'wo years ago none of the Mission Boards were making any contribution to the main- tenauce fund. One year ago, six Foreign Mission Boards and five general Mission Boards made appropriations for this pur- pose. Last year, eleven Foreign Mission Boards and eight general Mission Boards contributed; also eignteen Boards subscribed for the REVIEW to be sent to their workers at home or abroad.

This year, at tb.e Foreign Missions Con- ference held in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania; January 9th to 12th, the Conference voted unanimously·.-'to adopt .the following recom- He will bring together B number of typical and inexcusable mistakes of the critical school, 90 mendations: . that Sunday-school teachers and pastors, and other "ordinarv" students of the Bible, like the "In view of the interdenominational rest of us, may have at hand, easily usable, the facts of Bible scholarship to answer the chargee character of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE of the critics. This is but a part of the Times· WORLD and its· increasing value to the For- contributions in the field of Bible scholarship, in which such other conservative authorities as Sir eign Mission cause, your Committee recom- William M. Ramsay. Professor A. T. Robertson, Professor W. H. Griffith Thomas, and President mend: Melvin Grove Kyle, are enriching its columns.

1. That the ForeIgn Missions Conference con- When a Sunday-School II Sound tinue its Committee to coopera.te with the Editorial Council of the REVIEW. Seven years ago a new Sunday-school was be- 2. That the constituent Foreign Mission gun" somewhere i.n Ameri.ca." To-day the "maln Boards be asked to contribute to the financial support of the REVIEW, if. not in proportion to school" enrolls 1690 members, and the average their budgets, at least making some appropriation during the year to show their sympathy weekly attendance during even the Summer and readiness to promote its usefulness. months of 1922 was one thousand. AU but a few 3. That the Boards cooperate definitely in of the teachers in the main school are trained. promoting the circulation of the REVIEW by recommending it ~<? their constituencies, by Every Sunday morning the teachers and workers including it in their m~ssion stu~y cou~se ma- meet for prayer. One oftht- classes in this school ;:~~~~d::ce,e~dsib: r~~~i~~~~S a~~ ~~ar3f:~ seeks to cover every town in that county1 visitsubscriptions. ing every street and every home, giving out 4. That each Board or denominational society Gospels and tracts, doing personal work and appoint someone to keep in touch with the Editor of the REVIEW for the purpose of sup- endin&" the day with a street meeting-thi8 is plying the magazine promptly with important denominational miSSionary news and to suggest done every Sunday afternoon. Every worker valuable articles and writers on topics of general interest concerning their particular fields in this Sunday-school is required to sign a sound and work." statement of Bible doctrine. Through the va- rious departments of this S~nday-school If these recommendations are acted on within a period of six month. during , effectively by the Mission Boards and So- 1922. over five thousand Dereons cieties it will mean a new era of usefulness confessed Christ a8 Saviour. It for the REVIEW, If the circulation can be looks as though "orthodoxy" promoted so that there are thirty or forty were really practical and thousand subscribers it will mean a decreas- successful, does It not? ing deficit, and also a much wider influence The story of this 17 and increased giving due to more intelligent school will be told in full in The interest. Saaday ScOoI Time. THE The Committee appointed by the Foreign early tn t. SUNDAY SCHOOL ~'<IJ TIMES COXPANY Missions Conference to coop<rat.e. with the 192.l. Bolt 1550, l'hIladelphla, Pa. REVlEW during the coming year consists of ~-o" For the ~s cents enclosed Wm. P. Schell, Chairman; Enoch A. Bell, _.fIII' . please send The Sunday School Times for 10 week!. James R. Joy, Helen Barrett Montgomery, ~ to Artley B. Parson, Mills J. Taylor and L. B. Name Wolf. Address ………………….. __ ••:0 A.k your bookaeller to .hoW' "OU The SUJ1day School Time. lloolla Please m.ention THE MISSIONARY REVlJIlw OJ" THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. A CHINESE EVANGELIST, "LITTLE ANGEL," AND 'rHE CHRISTIAN CONGREGATION HE HAS BUILT UP BUILDING THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH IN CHINA (PHOTOGRAPHS BY REV. C. E. PATTON)

MISSIONARY

EVIEW, VOL. FEBRUARY, 1923 NUMBER LXVL TWO CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP IN CHINA W HEN Japan returned the much-disputed territory of Kiao- chow, including the city of Tsingtao, to China at noon De- cember 10th, the occasion was signalized by running up a Chinese flag over the administration building at Tsingtao. It was the first time the Chinese flag had flown officially in the city for twenty-four years.

In anticipation of the removal of the Japanese authorities, bandits appeared with the prospect of easy looting. In dread of what might happen, many inhabitants of the city made preparations for flight. The Chinese Government was unprepared to give the city proper protection, and its first step was to appease the bandits temporarily by a payment of $100,000. But soon after the Japanese evacuation, I the Government appointed as Governor of Shantung Province the well-known Christian leader, C. T. Wang, so that there might be no possibility of misrule. Mr. Wang accepted on condition that the province should be policed by troops from the army of the famous Christian general, Feng Yu Hsiang. This was allowed and Christian soldiers are now on guard everywhere and are serving the people in all sorts of friendly ways.

Dr. C. T. Wang, the new governor, was for years one of the leaders in the Y. M. C. A., and his appointment emphasizes the significant fact that several of China's most prominent statesmen are Christians. W. W. Yen, the acting Prime Minister, and Wang Chinghiu, Minister of Education in the Cabinet, are both sons of Christian pastors. Wellington Koo, who has now become China's Foreign Minister, was educated at St. John's College, Shanghai, which belongs to the American Episcopal Mission. He was a delegate to the Paris Peace Conference and has since been Chinese Ambassador to England. Wu Ting-Fang, who has just died, was China's Foreign Minister. He was baptized when a boy and was educated at St. Paul's 85

College, Hongkong. His son, Wu Chao-Chu, was one of the Chinese delegates to the Paris Peace Conference.

Dr. Wang Ching-hui, Minister of Education in the new Chinese Cabinet, is described in The Life of Faith as one of the most interesting and promising of the younger intellectual leaders of China. Only forty years of age, he was studying political affairs in Japan during the Boxer rising, and then went to America, where he received his D.C.L. at Yale in 1904. He then went on to England, France, and Germany, to study Jurisprudence and international law. He was assistant to the Chinese representative at the Hague Conference in 1907, and after the revolution in 1911 was made Minister for Foreign Affairs to the provisional Government when not yet thirty years old. Yuan Shih-kai, on forming his government in 1912, made Dr. Wang Minister of Justice, but he declined and became chief editor of a large publishing company in Shanghai. From 1916 onwards he has done work of epoch-making value as President of the Commission for codifying the laws of China. Dr. Wang is a son of the late pastor of the To-Tsai Independent Christian Church in Shanghai, and is an eminent example of the young educated Christians who are in leading governmental and industrial positions in China.

The real hope of China is in such educated Christian young men and women who intelligently, honestly, and unselfishly seek to follow Christ and to serve their generation by the will of God.

A UNITED FRONT IN EGYPT G RAIN ground between the upper and the nether millstones loses its identity. Ripe clusters after they have been in the wine press are forever blended. In the same way Christians are drawn closer to each other in days of persecution. The Oriental churches in the Nile Valley may not have suffered as have their sister churches in Asia Minor, but the story of Smyrna, the exile of their fellow Christians in Asia Minor, and the long drawn out massacres of Armenians for the sake of their faith have not been without effect upon the churches in E:gypt.

The new spirit of fellowship was shown in a remarkable response on the part of the Coptic Orthodox Church, the Greek, the Syrian and Armenian Churches to the call to attend a conference on Church Reunion held near Cairo last October. Neither this nor the similar conference held the previous year was in any sense official, since those present had not been delegated by their respective bodies. It was convened on the initiative of the Right Rev. Bishop Gwynne (Anglican), and was designed to be a time of fellowship to cultivate mutual understanding of each other's type of Christianity, in order to prepare the way for a larger measure of unity.

Face to face with the world of Islam and its denials, our com-

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

mon faith in Jesus Christ was precious. Under the leadership of so thoroughly an evangelical bishop as Dr. Gwynne, the" sessions were not ecclesiastical but fraternal and fruitful in the deeper things of Almighty God. A communion service was held at which most of the delegates participated. Dr. Chas. R. Watson read an important paper in which he discussed the extent of cooperation and unity practicable among the Christian churches in Egypt. He distinguished four types of cooperation: Conferential-where church leaders meet together for fellowship; Administrative-where departments of churches charged with similar responsibilities and activities cooperate; Federal-where churches officially "enter an alliance for cooperation with each other; Organic–where ecclesiastical bodies effect organic union and form one body.

Conferential cooperation has proved practicable among all the churches that acknowledge Jesus Christ as the Son of God and as Saviour and Lord, the fundamental value of fellowship and unity in prayer, and service. Administrative cooperation may be practicable on some lines in Egypt where the division of forces has proved a weakness. Why should not Christians unite in a common campaign for temperance, purity, and philanthropic effort in the Valley of the Nile1 Can we not also arrange for periods of intercession, special evangelism in which community service would be inaugurated in all of the great cities 7 On such questions as freedom of the press, the observance of the Lord's Day, etc., such a group as was represented at the Conference on Church Re-union would have more weight with the Government than any plea or pressure on the part of individual missionaries or ecclesiastical·bodies.

One of the best speeches was on the duty of evangelizing Moslems and was made by a Coptic layman. As a proof of the spirit of Christ one of the delegates of the Greek Orthodox Church prayed for the Turks and their conversion. Two Christian evangelists present were converts from Islam; one of them was recently ordained.

We may well join in the following ancient prayers for greater Christian loyalty and unity.

"We pray Thee, 0 Christ, our God, to strengthen the foundation of the Church, and may that unity of heart which is founded upon love be deep-rooted in the earth. Convert all unbelievers; let the divisions of the Church be removed; and compass us all about with the unity of godliness. Amen." (A Coptic prayer.) "0 Lord our God, grant peace, we pray Thee, to Thy holy Church. Suffer it not to be disturbed by schism and enmity; but establish it in unity of faith. Grant to us life, and defend us from evil, for we know no other name than Thine, and confess Thee only as our Saviour. Am!:)n." (An Armenian prayer.) S. M. ZWEMEB.

A CHANGED SITUATION IN CHILE EDUCATIONAL progress in Latin America countries is bringing about a need for some changes iu the missionary program of Protestant Churches. Formerly education was in Roman Catholic hands and was entirely inadequate even under state control. The need for Protestant primary schools was great and higher education was required to develop intelligent Christian leaders. "Today," writes Dr. Webster E. Browning, "the attitude of the public toward mission schools is changing and there is not the same need for educational work by Protestant missions as in former years. One explanation may be found in the new law of compulsory primary instruction which has obliged the Government to open more schools and thus provide, free, for the instruction of the children. The Director General of Primary Instruction reports that there were 80,000 more children enrolled in the public schools last year than in the year immediately preceding, and that he expects that this number will be increased by some 70,000 more in the present year. These increased and bettered facilities provided by the Government have, very naturally, lessened the need of private schools, especially of schools that have to wQrk under the name of Protestant missions. There seems to be, also, an increasing demand for instruction, especially for boys, that will prepare them for the entrance. into the learned professions. This affects schools like the Instituto Ingles, where the courses do not correspond to those of the Government, and it is felt that the school loses thereby. Then, too, equipment, like a suit of clothes, will wear out, in spite of all that one can do, and the mission schools look shabby and worn, as compared with many of the state institutions. The same, as to wearing out of school buildings, may be said of practically all the buildings now occupied by our mission schools in Chile, and the question of reconstruction, and on a better and larger scale, must be faced by the interested Boards, if we are to continue our educational work in this country."

The beneficial results of missionary educational work in Chile are beginning to be evident in the number of prominent officials that have been trained under Protestant Christian auspices. At a recent banquet given to Dr. Browning by the old boys of the Instituto Ingles (of which Dr. Browning was Director for twenty years), in one of the finest hotels of the city, over seventy men sat down to dinner. This number included men from all walks of lif~parliament, banking, professors, lawyers, physicians, dentists, etc. They represented all the years, practically from the first. Many of the graduates are now well-to-do, and all seemed to be clean· and straightforward, men who are contributing a good deal to the progress of Chile in its moral as well as material growth. It is not, of course, enough for a mission school to bring its stu-

1923J EDITORIAL COMMENTS 89 '

dents to the point of moral cleanness, but that is something, and if we add the evident respect that all these men have for evangelical religion, as they knew it in the school, surely such work is not in vain. A proper programme properly carried out by those doing the work in Chile ought to conserve this friendliness on the part of this large and influential group of men and turn it to account in the development of our general work of evangelization.

The great need in Chile today is for better Bible instruction with well-trained teachers and good equipment. The Union Bible School still holds its sessions in the little old Methodist Church, and Dr. Browning says that is is no wonder if students get a very poor idea of Protestantism and its resources from the tumble-down, dirty, dilapidated, squalid set 6f rooms. There has been a good deal of discussion between the two schools of theology represented in the faculty-one conservative and the other too glib in its acceptance and transmission of the most advanced theories of revelation, the atonement and other vital doctrines. The result may possibly be a dissolution of the seminary into its component elements. There is little now to hold them together and the breach is widening. The Presbyterian mission, which voted money for a new building, is now planning to use the funds in some other construction. Cooperation, in general, is undergoing a period of quiescence. The Congress of Montevideo has made no impact on the consciousness'of the workers, the organization is debilitated by the going away of some of the most efficient chairmen of sub~committees, and interest in cooperation is not at high flood.

FOREIGN .MISSIONS AT BETHLEHE:YI T HE dominant theme at the recent Conference of Foreign Mis- sion executives (January 9th to 12th), was the question whether, in view of the attitude of native Christians as expressed in recent conferences in India, China and Japan, the missionary message and missionary policies should be changed to meet the new viewpoint and altered situation.

Modern Bethlehem proved a more hospitable haven for these discip~es of Christ than did the ancient Bethlehem for the infant Jesus. This' town of eastern Pennsylvania is famous as the home of the great steel company, the seat of Lehigh University, and as the official and historic center of the Moravian Church in America whose pioneer representatives settled there in the eighteenth century and in 1746 sent out the first American-born foreign missionaries. This "Society of the United Brethren for Propagating the Gospel among the Heathen" was the first foreign mission society incorporated in America. It was organized in 1745 and received tts charter in 1788.

There were noticeable in the Conference two elements or cur.: rents of thought, not in full agreement though without a' note of

discord. On the one hand, there were the honored missionaries and executives of long experience who have seen the missionary enterprise safely through many difficulties, winning its way in the face of much opposition. On the other hand, there was the younger group of workers who are especially sensitive to the modern spirit at home and abroad calling for a change of policy to meet changed conditions. The members of this group generally sympathize with the demand for a new terminology and new methods and for "self-determination" in politics and religion. The older group are generally conservative and emphasize the need for guiding carefully the young churches in harmony with the teachings of the Scriptures and according to methods that have been tested and found most successful. Many of the younger group call this "paternalism" (or somethmg more objectionable) and favor a restatement of the Ohristian message with a greater emphasis on the social Gospel and a speedy turning over of the control of missionary work to the young native Ohurch. Some advocate the dropping of such terms as "missionary," "native," and "heathen" and less public emphasis on the sin, squalor and ignorance in non-Ohristian lands that give offence, and the placing of greater emphasis on the higher qualities of cultured Hindus, Ohinese and Japanese and on the ethical truth contained in their religions. In this way they hope to develop more sympathy between Ohristians and those of alien races and religions. The older missionaries, as a rule, press the need for individual regeneration through the acceptance of Ohrisb as the divine Saviour, while the younger generation press the need for social regeneration by education in Ohristian ideals of life and service. The two views are by no means mutually exclusive but there is a distinct difference of emphasis and frequently a decided divergence of opinions as to methods of operation.

The session on the Ohina Survey and Ohristian Education in Ohina illustrated both the fundamental principles and the modern methods in missionary work. Milton T. Stauffer, editor of the "Survey," pointed out the value of a scientific study of missions in Ohina, with its revelations as to unoccupied fields, the uneconomic dil?tribution of missions and the too frequent lack of coordination among Ohristian forces. The work of the Educational Oommission, as reported by Bishop Francis J. McOonnell, President Mary E. Woolley, Dean William Russell, President W. L. Butterfield, Professor Ernest D. Burton and President J. Leighton Stuart revealed the need for more Ohristian schools among the rural population, a larger proportion of Christian middle schools and greater attention to the training of Ohinese Christian teachers and preachers.

One of the noteworthy addresses of the Conference was delivered by Dr. Cheng Ching-Yi, a fine type of educated Chinese Christia~, the president of the recent Ohina Christian Oonference at ShanghaI.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

Dr. Cheng spoke of the aspirations of the Chinese Christian Church. These include a larger degree of self-detennination, a "Chinafication" of Christian institutions, greater concentration of work, more adequate Christian literature, better cooperation among missions, more unity among Christians, a development of native talent for leadership and a deeper sense of partuership between missionaries and Chinese Christian workers.

Many criticisms of present day missionary methods, affecting particularly the home base, were made by missionaries and secretaries and one paper by a layman, James M. Speers, calling attention to some weaknesses as he saw them in his visit to Japan, China and India last year, was ordered printed for distribution among the officers of the boards. Several resolutions were also passed, looking toward a more adequate training of missionaries, a clearer understanding of the native Christian viewpoint, closer cooperation between American missionary forces and the Christian leaders of mission lands, and the more effective development of the churches in those lands.

Other reports and topics discussed at the Conference related to Latin America, where it is proposed to hold a missionary conference in Montevideo in 1924. The crisis in Moslem lands was the subject of addresses by Robert E. Speer, Ernest W. Riggs, Mrs. Emrich and Samuel M. Zwemer. A general conference on missions to Moslems is to be held in 1924, and another for Central Africa sometime before 1926. The International Missionary Council was asked, if possible, to call another World Missionary Conference in 1925.

Arrangements have been made to publish in the REVIEW several of the noteworthy addresses given at the Conference, particularly several on China, Japan and the Near East. Dr. John R. Mott gave an able address on the need for enlisting and training young men and young women for missionary leadership in the home church to take the place of such missionary statesmen as Bishops Bashford, Thoburn and Lambuth, Dr. John F. Goucher, Dr. Woodruff Halsey, Dr. A. McLean and others who have recently gone :to their reward.

The opening address of the Couference by Dr. Robert E. Speer, on "The Missionary Enterprise an Enterprise of Hope," did much to strengthen faith and increase courage in these days of difficulty. Among the grounds for hope mentioned are the miracle of redeemed individuals transfonned by the power of Christ, the influence of Christ on the moral conceptions and the life of the nations in the Far East, the growing consciousness that the Gospel is the only hope for the world, the larger opportunities which inspire to more earnest and consecrated devotion, and the great realities in the Gospel of Christ which prove it to be the one revealed religion from God and Jesus Christ to be the one divine Saviour.

A BIBLE REVIVAL IN AUSTRALIA REVIVAL campaigns are reported from Melbourne, Sydney, . and other cities in Australia, during which tens of thousands of copies of the Bible have been distributed. and thousands of young people have professed faith in Jesus Christ. In Melbonrne the movement extended over twelve weeks, during which 32,000 Tes- taments were distributed to those who enlisted in the Pocket Testa- ment League, and over 12,000 are said to have accepted Christ.

The Archbishop of Melbourne, Dr. Harrington Lees, and leaders in other churches, signed a Call to Prayer for the campaign which was conducted by Mr. George T. B. Davis and his associates. One of the chief fields of operation were the schools and colleges. In Scotch College, which has an enrollment of over 1,300 young men 934 were enlisted in the Pocket Testament League- and nearly 500 recorded their acceptance of Christ. The Chaplain, the Rev. F. Chisholm, declared that the movement was "unparalleled in the long record of its seventy-five years." Mr. oW. F. Woodcraft, of the Y. M. C. A. and the Evangelization Society of AustralaHia, after seeing the effect on the students enlisted, said: "For 25 years I have been engaged in arranging missions of all sorts in Australia; but today's experience in the schools is the greatest single day of evangelism I have ever witnessed. "

It is earnestly hoped that this awakening will mean a new era in Chnrch life in Anstralia and a new spiritual uplift for the community. Every Protestant should have an opportunity to receive a Testament and enlist under the banner of Christ. Some meetings of the campaign were held in Broken Hill, the hot-bed of Socialism in Australia, a big mining center in the desert. Many children of socialists enrolled in the League and professed faith in Christ with the same readiness as the youth of other cities. They then became missionaries in their own homes and started a children's prayermeeting at the close of the mission.

Plans have been made for a tour of fifteen to twenty of the largest cities and towns in Victoria, visiting the schools, distributing Testaments and preaching, and for other campaigns in 1923. One of the encouraging signs of the times, writes Mr. Davis, is the springing up of little prayer-groups in homes and chnrches. The formation of such praying bands helped to promote the great revival in Scotland two hnndred years ago. D. L. Moody once said: "The best way is for the pastor (or some member) to say he wants to see those who desire a revival. Then kneel down and pour ont yonr hearts, asking Goa to revive yonrselves. You never. see an anxious church without souls being saved. Do not wait for the whole church to move. Form a Praying Band of two or three. Pray and the blessing will come."

Stage in Missions in

BY REV. KENNETH s. LATOURETTE, NEW IL<.VEN, CONN.

Professor of Missions in Yale University T o one who has known missions in China in other years and returns after a prolonged absence there comes a flood of im- pressions which for a time is almost overwhelming. In the first place, the physical equipment of missions is steadily improving. Throughout the country one finds new buildings, adminibly adapted to their purpose and sometimes the equal of any government or business structure in the city. At Canton, Soochow, Foochow, and Hangchow, for example; the Young Men's Christian Association has relatively new plants which would grace any city at home. They would, to be sure, be deemed much too small for centers of similar population in the United States, but in quality they leave nothing to be desired. Colleges and universities are being given new and excellent plants, as at Canton Christian Oollege, Shanghai Baptist Oollege, St. John's University, Nanking University, and Ginling College, and here and there, middle schools are being adequately housed. The equipment is still for only relatively small student bodies, but it is often better than that of any other educational institution in the city. Excellent church buildings are being erected, some of them with auditoriums to seat a thousand or more and others designed for all the activities of a modern institutional church. Substantial hospitals are rising. That of the Yale Mission, for example, dominates the northern part of Ohangsha, and the well-known structures of the Peking Union Medical Oollege are as imposing as are those of any medical school in the world. There are still all too many instances, however, of work cramped by old, small, and illadapted structures, and of men with splendid ability and training making heart-breaking sacrifices to do the impossible with wretchedly inadequate equipment. Such, indeed, is still the rule. Again and again one is called upon to lament an opportunity which. is going unused or a life that is being burnt out too quickly because funds are not at hand f()r land and buildings. It is little short of criminal for the churches at home to send out men without seeing that funds are provided ,to help them make the best use of their powers. There are, however, far more encouraging exceptions to the rule than there were a decade ago. It is, too, a hopeful sign that money is beginning to come from Ohinese sources and that in more than one place substantial gifts have recently been made by merchants, gentry and officials.

In the next place, one is impressed with the growth in the missionary body. At least half of it is young or in early middle life, 93

and taken as a whole it is representative of the best of our churches. It is as a rule quite ready to experiment and is responsive to the newer ideas in Europe, America, and the Orient. It is increasingly thinking of the transformation by the Ohristian spirit of the social, political, and economic structure of Ohina but it is also eager to see this done through the remaking of the individual life.

Then there is the much talked of and very encouraging growth in Chmese initiative. Although this sometimes leads to strained relations between the Ohinese and the missionary it is, on the whole, decidedly hopeful. It is especially so because of the Ohinese leadership that is emerging. This latter is lal!'gely the product of the Ohristian schools that have been so prominent a feature of mission work during the past two decades and it is still young. It is, however, numerically far behind the demand and missionaries are usually far more eager to transfer responsibility than they are able to find leaders prepared to assume it. The past decade has, nevertheless, witnessed marked improvement and there is every reason to believe that this will be continued. There is rapidly emerging a self-conscious Ohurch, with able leadership. It is often impatient of foreign control, sometimes critical of the missionary, and has frequently little use for the creeds and divisions of the Occident.

The Chinese Church is steadily growing in numbers, as statistics show with great distinctness. The more important question of whether there has been an increase in depth of Christian experience and in eagerness to share that experience, cannot be answered by mathematics. Taken the country over, the verdict appears to be favorable. Here and there a church seems to stagnate and to be satisfied either with dependence on the foreigner or with the mere act of having achieved independence of him, but, on the whole, the growth in numbers seems to have been paralleled by a deepening spiritual life, greater moral earnestness, and a broadening vision.

With the increase in equipment, in foreign and native leadership, and in numbers and Ohristian life, there has also come a greater unity, an increased willingness to view the task of missions in China as a whole, and to build toward a church which can attack as a unit the problem of "Ohina for Christ." The most forceful demonstrations of this that have been given are, of course, the China Continuation Committee, the recent conference in Shanghai, and the new National Christian Oouncil. It is also seen in a multitude of less spectacular ways-in union educational 'projects, middle schools, medical and theological colleges, in educational associations, in union between different branches of the same general denominational grouping, and such projects as that for the union of the Presbyterian and Oongregational bodies. One wonders at times whether attention is not being diverted to all this ecclesiastical machinery to the detriment of the real purpose for which the machinery exists.

A NEW STAGE IN MISSIONS IN CHINA

On the whole, however, the impression that the Christian movement makes is one of life, of splendid activity on the part of the missionary and of a native church which is beginning to show promise of catching up with the equipment which the foreigner has given it.

With the growth of the Church in so many ways there has come a marked change of public opinion toward it and its message. As a rule all classes are increasingly open-minded. The old forms of prejudice and the old grounds of opposition have either weakened or disappeared. People, scholars, and gentry are almost always tolerant, are often open-minded, and are sometimes eager to learn and to cooperate. In the older days Christianity was resisted largely on the ground that it was evil, or that it was a foreign interference with established Chinese customs. Such opposition as now exists is usually based on new objections. The anti-Christian movement among students, for example, which a few months ago assumed fairly large proportions and attracted much attention but which in its organized form is dying down almost as quickly as it arose, held Christianity to be superstitious and capitalistic. But while the move- ment as such is disappearing", the criticism remains and many are .still saying that missionaries are trying to force on China a system which is being abandoned by more enlightened Occidentals and which has been. and still is the agent of intellectual obscurantism and economic oppression. It is this criticism with which missionaries are apparently to have to deal increasingly in the future.

All these facts show clearly that the Protestant Christian enter- prise in China has distinctly entered a new stage. Until twenty and even ten years ago it was almost entirely a foreign undertaking whose chief obstacle was time-honored national customs, beliefs, and insti- tutions. Much of its energy was spent in an attack upon well- established systems and national isolation and prejudice. To become a Christian was in many ways to be denationalized-to cut oneself off from one's native community and to join oneself to the foreigner. As a Christian one had to abstain from or alter profoundly most of the ceremonies that bound together the basic unit of society, the family; one must refuse to take part in most of the community celebrations and festivals, because they were associated with idol worship. In joining the church one abandoned his own people and became a foreigner. The missionary had, perforce, a dual function; he was the pioneer of an undesired civilization and the propagator of a new religion. In both capacities his work was largely that of a revolutionist, a destroyer, and except in the realm of personal char- acter he had little opportunity to build. His entire program was affected by this situation. Medical missions were regarded as a means of commending the missionary's message to the people, of "opening China by the point of a lancet." Education was either to prepare a few assistants to the missionary-evangelists, teachers,

, and medical aides-to provide a meager training for the children of converts, or to serve as an evangelizing agency of doubtful value in educating boys for elerkships in business houses in the semi-foreign treaty ports. Evangelism was constantly running its head into the stone wall of an apparently unyielding civilization.

For the past two decades or more, as all the world knows, former barriers have largely been giving way. Western civilization is popular and is rapidly being copied and older social customs and institutions are disintegrating-and from other causes than the mis- sionary's attack. The Chinese is no longer denationalized by becom- ing a Christian but, as has' often been said, by joining the churches connects himself with one wing of the popular, progressive movement. It is not always as clearly recognized, however, that with the change the missionary's function has been substantially altered. He is still, as always, the bearer of Glad Tidings to the individual. His work can, however, be far more constructive socially than f6rmerly. In rural and backward communities he may still find much of his energy ab- sorbed in attacking existing institutions, but more and more, par- ticularly in the newer commercial and manufacturing cities, where the destruction of the old order has progressed furthest, his task is that of a builder. He and the Church which has grown up under his guidance have a chance to mould for good the civilization which is emerging. This has long been recognized as being tme in some fields, in education and medicine chiefly, and upon both these phases of the nation's life the Church is having a marked and a salutary effect. It is only beginning to be recognized, however, that this can be tme in other lines and Chinese Christians and missionaries are feeling their way, sometimes only partly conscious of what it is that they are trying to do. The institutional church, with its playgrounds, health campaigns, kindergartens, evening classes, movies, and lectures is one widespread attempt to meet the need. Agricultural adjuncts to education are another. A few isolated efforts .are being made to bring wholesome influences to bear upon the industrial popUlation that is beginning to collect in the rapidly growing factory districts of a few cities. The type of mission station of the old days, however, with its church, school, and hospital, is still the rule. There is great hope that in the many experiments that are being made, the Church will think its way through to its place in the new order. It has not done so as yet, and the problem requires the attention of the best brains, both Chinese and foreign. The growth and the approaching independence of the Chinese Church are, fortunately, recognized facts, but the foreigner is to be needed for many years to come and the problem is still a joint one. It is a glorious prospect that opens up before the Church, and for many years it will continue to need the best brains and consecration that the Church in Europe and America ,can give.,

NERATING IN A HOUSEBOAT IN

How a Missionary Works in China BY REV. CHARLES E. PATTON, SHANGHAI, CHINA Missionary of the PresbyteI"ian Church, U. S. A.

G IVEN a field having six walled cities of from twenty to fifty thousand population; one hundred and fifty market centers, each of which has from five hundred to fifteen thousand people and three thousand villages, a total population of at least a million and a half! Given such a field six days' by four days' journey in extent-were you the missionary, how would you proceed to de- velop it~ This problem is an actual one which confronted two mis- sionaries a few years ago when they went out to become the nucleus of a new mission station in the center of a comparatively new and unworked field.

Naturally the first move was to make a more or less compre- hensive study of the field itself, resulting in the formation of a threefold program. Of this program, the first f eature was the estab- lishment at the station center of a model church-a model in the sense that it was to be a pattern for the entire field. Into it likewise were centered all the interests of the field as a whole, and from it went out to all parts of the field ideas, suggestions and all the help- fulness possible. The second feature was the opening up at strategic centers throughout the field of evangelistic halls, preaching places or "chapels," as they were usually called. There being few, if any Christians, these were necessarily opened at foreign expense. The third feature was the grouping and organizing of the membership ; 97

of the Chinese Church. In all of this program our aim was the establishment of a self-supporting, self-governing and self-extending Chinese Church.

Now let us retrace. First, however, let us note that in this paper, we shall limit ourselves to the evangelistic work. The educational and medical work furnish another story.

We have noted a program of three stages. Upon the first, we cannot dwell. In order to consider the second-the opening up of chapels at strategic centers-let us take a concrete case. Journeying from Canton to Ko Chow, you take a small Chinese steamer or junk, the latter a sort of over-grown tub, a veritable Noah's Ark in its variety of animal life. A two days' journey by water brings you to within thirty-six miles of Ko Chow. This thirty-six miles is a twelve hours' ride, as journeys go in China, and is broken mid-way by a market town, Kung Kun. This town in itself was a strategic center; and as it was midway on the road to and from Ko Chow, we were the more eager to find an entrance. We tried to rent or buy, but in vain. •Tust at this time one of our young preachers, familiarly known as the "Little Angel," became ambitious to add to his education at Canton. Between the close of his work and the beginning of his studies at the Canton Christian College lay a period of two months.

We seized the opportunity and took him into our confidence, telling him something like this: "The key to the situation, we believe, lies with the gentry. Are they favorably disposed, the people will come to us; otherwise, the people will hold aloof. Here is $10.00 for incidental expenses. Spend a month in the town, get into touch any way you can with the gentry; do not attempt to preach as from a pulpit, for you probably cannot secure a pulpit for such a hearing; but in any way possible get into touch with the gentry and tell them why the missionary comes, what he stands for, and why he opens chapels and schools. Go in and do the best you can."

The young preacher went in and secured for himself living quarters in the corner of a temple. His next move was to call on all the Chinese gentry and leading citizens. According to Chinese etiquette, if I ca1l upon you, you. are in duty bound to return my call. The young preacher set out to make calls. Soon return calls led to feastings and return feastings. Due, no doubt, to his own suggestion, there arose a desire for the opening of a summer school, a sort of normal class. He planned a course of one month's teaching. He arranged a curriculum which included some mandarin dialtehcet,naewbitedouf cWateiosntearlnsymsatethmemoaf tiCchsm,. sao.me English, and lectures upon Opening day came bringing a few pupils. The rabble however made anything like school an impossibility. His pupils fled. But the very audacity of his next move enabled th.e young preacher. to come out victor. He went to some of the leadmg gentry and smd:

HOW A MISSIONARY WORKS IN CHINA

"You wanted us to open this school. vVe have done our part; but you see the result. I do not know what we can now do unless we set another date and you come and sit as pupils. The rabble seeing you will not dare molest or make us afraid." Strange to say, those leading men promised, came, and sat. The rabble seeing the quality of his pupils were overawed, and the school went on. The climax of his month lay in a visit on the part of two of us. For the evening of the first day he had arranged a special program to display the progress of the month. To our amazement there were assembled seventy pupils, every man of whom was of the school teacher grade or upper class. Many teachers had closed their schools for the month COMMUNION SERVICE IN CHUN SHAN VILLAGE, WEST CHINA (.This wotk was begun by Dible women) in order to enter the class. At the tap of the bell the school would stand up, at another tap sit down; the young preacher literally had the school under his thumb.

The next morning at seven 0 'clock, he had arranged a breakfast tea in our honor. All seventy were present. This was followed by formal calls upon us by the guests. The seventy were arranged into squads of tens. The first ten came and, being properly seated, inquired my honorable surname, my honorable country, my honorable age, then, after a brief chat, departed. So with each of the squads of ten, up to the seventh, some two or three 0 'clock in the afternoon. We were thoroughly surfeited with honorable questions!

For that evening, at my own suggestion he had arranged a quiz. That is to say they were to question me. I had a twofold purpose. On the one hand I wished to add to his instructiun, on the other to

test his work and, to see how much of the real Gospel he had talked during the month. For a full two hours those men literally fired questions at me as rapidly as I could make brief responses; and all their questions were pertinent. But here is the point-fully one- half of the questions asked bore directly upon the Gospel and the Church, showing that he had done excellent work. The event of the evening was a most eulogistic address delivered by the oldest greybeard in the company, in which he tendered us the keys to the city, invited us to come in and open a chapel, a school or whatever we chose. Today in that town, we have a chapel with a membership of between twenty and thirty, and as many more adherentl'-all the outgrowth of this initial effort on the part of the young preacher.

The third stage of our program was the following np of th8 natural growth of the Chinese Church. When we took up residence in this field, we found one hundred and fifty Christians; but. they were too scattered and too far away from any then existing chapel for anything like regular Sabbath attendance. They were the results of the work of our colporteurs, the pioneers or scouts. We adopted the slogan, "Every member at worship somewhere every Sabbath." Borrowing the idea of grouping by tens, we proceeded to group our Christians locally. Where· there were not ten, two, three, or more were organized into a group. The group at once proceeded to elect from its own members one to be leader or deacon, later an elder. Such a group was encouraged to develop into a chapel, and subsequently into a full-fledged church.

Soon we had a number of such groups, some twenty in all. Confronted by this number of chapels and having but a limited force of preachers, each preacher was made a circuit rider with approximately four chapels to care for. He spent not only his Sabbath in a given chapel but the week following, during which he was expected to visit on an average of at least three ·neighboring villages. On such visits he took with him the deacon or members of the local group. Thus the preacher encouraged personal work and was himself introduced into the village. Having four chapels to cover in a month the preacher could spend but one week at each. For the remaining three weeks of the month the sole charge of the work fell upon the local deacon.

A record of this village visitation was made in the following way. Upon a wall of the central station church we made an outline map of the entire field. About each chapel indicated on the map, we drew circles representing certain distances. Each of our preachers, colporteurs, Bible women and school teachers submitted a monthly report showing his daily work and from these reports the names of towns or villages were inserted in the circles on the map. Thus at our annual workers' training conference, which one year had one hundred and eighty-five in attendance, for two weeks the workers of

HOW A MISSIONARY WORKS IN CHINA

the field may see graphically exhibited the villages, towns and cities which have had a hearing of the Gospel; or may have before them the great extent of country not yet covered for the Gospel.

Another problem soon confronted us. Over twenty groups had deacons and elders, men for the most part untrained. We sought to enable them to rise a bit above their fellow-workers. We made a four-year term deaconate and eldership. At our biennial election, each deacon or elder-elect was required to pledge himself to spend at least three days at the central station in Bible study and also to master the Westminster Shorter Catechism and the Presbyterian Book of Church Government and Discipline. The local congregation reasoned that if a man were unwilling to prepare himself for the office, he was not worthy of the office, and would, therefore, proceed to elect some one in his stead.

Our next slogan was, "Find men first, then places." An erroneous idea had grown up in the minds of our Chinese friends that it was impossible to meet for worship in any place other than a formally opened chapel-opened at mission expense. We sought to convince them that four walls and a roof were not essential to the preaching of the Gospel or the assembling of themselves for worship. They were urged to meet in their own homes or in shops. In several cases they met in temples. Subsequently when a group grew to any size and wished to secure for itself a building to be used as a chapel, the group was required to prove itself, to do something first. In every case where mission aid was granted an equivalent of some sort was required on the part of the local group. Initiative and responsibilitywere pressed upon the members and officers of the local group. At the end of the year the missionary came not to say: "Next year you will do so and so;" but to ask "What are your plans for the next year 1 Show us and we will see how the mission may supplement your effort." From all this you will readily see how, from the beginning, there was self-government on the part of the Chinese Christians.

There is a newer aspect of self-government which more intimately touches our foreign share. One of the most important problems of mission policy at the present time in China is to find a satisfactory form of cooperation between the Chinese Church and the missionary body. Don't misunderstand me; individual missionaries have at all times freely conferred with individual Chinese as to the direction of the work and the disposition of foreign funds; but the time has now come, in Shantung Province particularly and in a measure elsewhere, when it is a real problem how and to what extent the Chinese may be entrusted with the disposition of foreign contributions. Some three years ago we were led to an experiment. Five repre- sentative elders were invited to spend three days at the central

station. To them was given the budget of the current year. They were told that there was $1,500 (or $3,000 Mexican) available for the field work of the ensuing year. They were asked completely to reorganize the budget within the limits of that sum. They were given power to increase or decrease salaries, even to recommend the dismissal of workers. To make their task a more re&l one, they had to make provision for fourteen new theological students, whom they, as elders, had already approved, who were to be sent to Canton to enter upon theological studies. That is to say from $3,000.00 Mexican they were to take $1,400.00 Mexican and yet have $3,000.00 Mexican left; a genuine problem I After wrestling, late the evening of the second day they came with a very satisfactory budget. In this experiment we observed several interesting things, one of which was this. One of the five elders was at the time a colporteur in the employ of the mission. In their effort to provide for the theological students, the elders were compelled to close a number of schools and dismiss several colporteurs, reducing the salaries of others. Much to our disappointment, we noticed that the salary and position of this elder-colporteur were left untouched. We felt our scheme, therefore, was in danger of collapse, our experiment a failure. The second day after, however, the elder-colporteur came to us saying: "This thing does not look right. It is not a square deal." "What is that~" we asked. "The fact that we have dismissed other colporteurs and allowed my position to stand. To sit in judgment on my own work does not seem right." "Granted," we replied, "but what do you propose to do about iH" "I mean to resign as colporteur," he said. "I would rather be an elder anyhow than a colporteur." From that day to this it has been an unwritten law in our field that no church officer shall at thl? same time be an employee of the mission or receive any compensation from mission funds. Out of this experiment has grown a simple but apparently satisfactory form of cooperation under which the Chinese Church has a large voice in the disposition of foreign funds as well as of its own contributions.

How to begin self-support was another of our problems. Ten years ago in the field we are discussing and in the adjacent field there were nine chapels. The total cf.Jntributions of the~e chapels amounted to $96.00 Mexican. The rent and most of the current expenses were paid by mission funds. How to transfer this burden to the Chinese was our problem. After some study we secured from a friend in Baltimore a sum to be used as a loan fund for the purchase of chapels. With this fund we went to each chapel group with a proposition something like this: "The outgo of rental annually is a great

HOW A MISSIONARY WORKS IN CHINA

waste. You should stop it. You should own this building and make it your own church home. If you will raise one-half the sum necessary for the purchase of this building we will lend you the other half, without interest, to be repaid by you in annual installments of approximately the rental. As you repay, the money will be again loaned to other groups. You will be helping them as you have been helped-doing unto others as you yourselves have been done by." For the Chinese to secure something for nothing, the use of some money without exorbitant interest was irresistible; herein lav the incentive. We reckoned that, on an average, one chapel each' year would be bought. Much to our surprise the very first year four chapels were bought. Our capital was swamped. We secured more capital and continued to buy. To summarize: in five years this fund was the direct or indirect means of purchasing in these two fields fourteen different buildings. The original capital has gone out and came back three times and is now on its fourth round, In other words one dollar has done the work of three, and is beginning to do the work of the fourth. But better still was the incitement to . se~f-help. Had we at the outset asked anyone of those groups to pay the rent of its building it would have had a score of reasons why such a proposition could not be considered. From one way of giving they were led on to others until at the end of five years from the beginning of the loan fund those original nine chapels were not only repaying their loans but were bearing all of their current expenses in addition-everything except the preacher's salary.

Self-government and self-support are sought not as ends in themselves but as means to an end, self-propagation. For, until we have secured for the Chinese Church not alone the power itself to live but· also such a life as will lead it naturally to propagate itself, ultimately taking possession of the land for Christ, China won to Christ through the Chinese, we have not secured the real thing. Let me emphasize the adjective, a Chinese Church. It is not an American, nor an Americanized Chinese Church, but a Chinese Church pure and simple. Were you to enter one of those church services you would see many things which would surprise, perhaps astound you, so different are they in outward form at least from the things to which you have been accustomed. But if the heart of it all be the heart of Christ, if the underlying principles be the principles of His gospel, what matter if the garb be Chinese ~ Your part at home is to give and to pray; ours yonder on the foreign field as your representatives to disburse as wisely as we are able the funds you contribute; ours to make beginnings, to counsel, to guide and direct the growing Chinese Church; ours, if you choose, to be its brains for the time, and, humanly speaking, to be its spiritual head; yet first and last that Church is to be a Chinese Church. We must decrease as the Chinese Church increases.

Bible Teachers for

BY MARY F. PARMEN°TER, NANKING, CHINA Nanking Bible Teachers Training School T EN years ago a school for training women to become Bible teachers was opened in a borrowed building with only two students. Later a semi-Chinese house was rented and the school soon outgrew this. A foreign residence was rented and was outgrown. The Friends' Seminary was rented and outgrown. In September, 1921, the school moved into its own hew building, which now contains seventy-eight students from fourteen provinces and representing twenty-two missions.

This Bible School, which is the only one of its grade in China, is seeking to train women leadet°s for the Church. It has a unique place in the Christian movement in China. Most Bible schools for women were opened for widows and other women of mature years who had to begin at the age of thirty or forty to learn to read and write. The graduates of these schools became China's first genera- tion of Bible-women, their age making them the only women suitable for direct evangelistic work. They broke down prejudice, they opened homes, they won souls to Christ; but there was something almost pathetic in the limitations that grew out of their early lack of op- portunity. They could become helpers but they rarely became leaders.

Happily we have fallen upon new times in China. The educa- tional and social upheavals of the last decade have brought to the . front the educated Chinese woman and to her has been given a larger liberty. She can earn her own living and enter many professions hitherto closed to her-such as nursing, medicine, stenography, and journalism. It is not strange, therefore, that in girls' boarding schools there are students who are looking forward to giving their lives to evangelistic work. For the first time in the history of China young women are free to take up such work, being loosed from shack- les of custom which demanded their seclusion. There are no prece- dents, consequently the question uppermost in the minds of these student volunteers is how to do the work to which they feel them- selves called. To meet the need for a place of training for these educated young women, the Bible Teachers Training School was opened. The Mission Boards participating in this work are: Amer- ican Friends Mission; W. F. M. S. of the Methodist Episcopal Church j W. M. C. of- the Southern M:ethodist Church; Foreign Christian Missio1l/.l.ry Society; American Baptist Foreign Mission Society; Board of Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. j Board of Missions, Southern Presbyterian Church.

This past year there have been twenty-one pupils in the Senior 104 Department and forty-five in the Junior Department. Our students come from all sections of China. This means long journeys and wearisome travel. Some brave the perils of the sea, others the danger of robbers and bandits, and the discomfort of travel in inland China. One traveled three and a half days by sedan chair, passing the nights in inns, in order to reach Chengtu, from which place she traveled by boat twenty-one days, and passed through the dangerous rapids of the upper Yangtze.

Coming from so many provinces involves great language difficulties. It is not uncommon for a student when she arrives to be TRAINING SCHOOL STUDENTS STARTING OUT TO DO BIBLE TEACHING One of these girls is the daughter of an omclal and ba.s suffered much persecution for Christ's sake unable to understand a word spoken by the·teachers or the majority of the students. In fact one entered last fall who spoke a dialect that was not understood by one in the school. Imagine the loneli- Hess! The tears would flow, but they soon gave place to smiles as she learned to speak mandarin. '1'0 obviate this difficulty we have a miniature "Language School" for three or four weeks before the opening of the fall semester.

Students are also from different walks in life. The poor and middle classes are represented and not a few come from the wealthy and official classes-yet the love of God rules. in their hearts and they live and study together as one in Christ.

Some are married and have small children. This necessitates the mother's renting a near-by room or two, employing a servant to care for the little ones, and coming in as a day pupil. It is wonderful to see how difficulties can be overcome if there is a strong desire to take this training! One student is the daughter of a man who was one of the Empress Dowager's highest officials during the Boxer outbreak of 1900. The Empress ordered him to send a telegram in her name to the Yangtze Valley, saying "Kill the foreigners." He changed the word "Kill" to "Save," and thereby saved many of the lives of God's servants. He himself paid for this grave act by the loss of his life. His daughter is a most zealous Christian, a fine student, standing at the head of her classes, and is bravely overcoming many difficulties with her little family while she takes this training.

The spiritual atmosphere of the school is most precious. One cannot enter morning chapel or the twilight service without becoming conscious of the spirit of love, joy, praise and worship. Many faces are radiant with His joy. Another marked feature is the spirit of prayer and intercession. They are burdened in prayer for the salvation of their families, and of their own people. Besides four periods of prayer daily one often hears the voice of prayer as one alone, or two together, engage in prayer in the quiet chapel or elsewhere. They know how to pray. God answers their prayers. A recent instance of answered prayer was that of a student whose husband left ,her some six years ago and had not been heard from since. She prayed most earnestly for him the past year; the whole school joined her in this. A few days before the close of the term she received a letter which showed repentance on his part, and stating that he would come for her on a certain day, take her with him to spend the summer, and bring her back in the autumn to complete her studies.

, Our textbook is the Bible. Our purpose is that the students shall really know the Book and love it; also to obey it and to give it out to others. Some students come with a sense of ignorance of the Word and a great longing to get deep down into its treasures. Others come feeling that they already know it-that a Bible course must of necessity be very easy. Last fall we heard one testify that when she found she was to study the Gospel of Mark she thought that there was little more that she could learn from Mark,-she had studied it and had repeated the whole book from memory,–but when she saw the assignments on the first chapter she changed her mind. However,all soon become earnest, eager, diligent students of the Word of God. The class work is' a joy to both teacher and pupil. The Holy Spirit is present as Teacher revealing the things of Christ to receptive, responsive, yielded hearts. '1'he teaching is all in Chinese.

Beside the study of the Bible they are trained in practical work

TRAINING BIBLE TEACHER FOR CHINA

under the supervision of a missionary who brought to her new position a ripe experience in evangelistic work, out of which had grown the conviction that possibly the greatest need in Ohina was the need for Bible-women that were different-so different that they could take the place of leadership and do the work which hitherto had been left to missionaries. Nanking with its four hundred thousand inhabitants, its forty non-Ohristian educational institutions, its fifteen organized churches, its important stratum of officialdom and its myriads of unevangelized people furnishes an ideal field in which to give the training. The practice work is done in connection with the regular organized work conducted by the various missions. oper- STUDENTS IN THE LIBRARY OF THE BIBLE TEACHERS TRAINING SCHOOL. NANKlNG ating in Nanking, and its object is not to practice for the sake of practicing but to make Nanking different.

The assignments include services and personal work in hospitals; Bible classes in both boarding and day-schools; evangelistic work for women and children; work in Government Orphanage and Door of Hope. Altogether thirty-six places this past year with an average attendance of over one thousand. 'l'hey report a number of women and children who have definitely given themselves to Ohrist; two cases of children suffering real persecution; gratifying progress in learning to pray, to read, to understand the Scriptures. One student has three women who were illiterate in the fall who are now studying Mark in phonetics. One young girl of seventeen who has been converted in one of their Sunday-schools is suffering much

persecution from her family who have commanded her to come to the Sunday-school no more. They have beaten her until badly bruised, have threatened that if she comes again they will hang her up and beat her, if she still persists they wiII sell her. Her faith keeps bright. She says that as she occupies the same room with her mother and little brothers she cannot pray morning and night but that she arises in the night while they are sleeping for her time of prayer. Seniors are also taken out on an evangelistic trip each year. Two years ago they went in three houseboats to country places where the Gospel was little known, In one place they were begged to open a chapel. This last year they held a three days' Institute in two out-stations. Each senior received an appointment and was' given time for preparation. Some TEACHERS AND PUPILS IN A RURAL SUNDAY SCHOO!. IN CHINA taught phonetics, some gave temperance instruction, others taught songs, told stories, gave book studies, talks to outside women and visited in homes. The Institute was a· great success. In this way light shines in dark places and often a new vision of service comes.

From the beginning to 1921 there were sixty-one graduates; two have died; four are married; the others are engaged as evangelistic workers (27), teachers in Bible schools (16), and teachers in girls' schools (12). Last June twelve more completed their course and entered the service. Twice as many more could have been assigned to places that are pleading for evangelistic workers and Bible teachers for immediate needs.

II The Lord giveth the word. The women that publish the tidings are a great host." We labor on with the hope of seeing this verse fulfilled in Ohina.

AND MRS. SATYAMS , TRAVELING EVANGELISTS OF THE MISSION

THE ARISTOCR ACY OF I NDIA Mission to the Aristocracy of India BY REBECCA J . PARKER, LONDON MISSION, TRAVANDRUM, TRAVANCORE ,A.uthor of the Life of "Sadhu SUlldar Singh"

W ITH the development of political aspirations during the last few years amongst the peoples of India are those religious aspirations which in the present day are seeking expression, and in some cases are more than justifying the character India bears of placing religion before all else. Perhaps because the methods adopted have been silent and productive only of good, little is known outside India with regard to the indigenous work of her best Christians, often being carried on in the face of opposition and even under suffering. Such Christians have already discovered that to win India for her Saviour, her own people must take up the work, and do it in those ways most acceptable in approach and method.

The work done during many years for the uplift of persecuted widows by that amazing Christian woman, Pandita Ramabai, is sufficiently known to need no more than a mention here. Indian in its character, it has succeeded as only an Indian could make it succeed; and this noble woman has left behind her a magnificently organized institution which will continue its beneficent work on the plan laid down by her, so long as there is a single tortured widow in India needing to be rescued.

109

Recently there has risen up a leader of men in the person of Sadhu Sundar Singh, a man now well known almost throughout Chris· tendom as well as in India, China and Japan. He may prove to be the first of a line of Indian apostles specially raised up by God for the salvation of India. So entirely Indian is the Sadhu in person and method of life and work, that he wins the confidence of all and an enthusiastic following everywhere.

It has sometimes been urged that Christianity has as yet, scarcely touched the fringes of the Eastern (as opposed to Western) educated peoples of India. Because of its Western methods of propagation, and by reason of its being adopted by great masses of the depressed classes, it is said that Christianity finds little acceptance ~mongst the higher castes. Be that as it may, it certainly appears outwardly that up to the present there is little to encourage the belief that India is being Christianized.

In this time of crisis India is seeking amongst her own people men and ways of religious .approach peculiar to herself, and entirely outside what is regarded as foreign missionary w-ork. EVery year sees some new development of this kind, some feeble and doomed to die, but others vigorous and full of life. One of the latter came under the observation of the writer a few years ago, which is perhaps in its way one of the boldest that has been attempted-bold not only because of the object it has in view and the sphere chosen, but because one man thought of it and proceeded to carry it out.

The man is John Chowdhuri the son of a converted Bengali Brahmin, and the sphere is among the aristocracy of India.

India is a continent of many peoples and languages, dotted over with more than 700 independent or semi-independent communities known as "Native States" (Native or Protected), varying in size and importance from the small holdings of a wealthy landowner to the better known States such as Mysore, Travancore, etc. These States are all tributary to the British Government in varying degrees in return for British protection: they have their own rulers who reign in their own right, and often have their own laws, postal systems, coinage, etc. Besides these actual Indian Kingdoms, there are many Indian princes often of great wealth, but no longer rulers of territories, scattered throughout the Empire. There is therefore a large and powerful aristocracy almost entirely non-Christian, which provides a sphere for Christian activity that for centuries has remained untouched.

John Chowdhuri is a man of literary tastes and is on the staff of a well-known Indian paper. For some years he had tried to influence several noblemen whom he knew, and this suggested to him the idea of a wider sphere. Perfectly understanding the people he desired to work amongst, and in nowise dismayed by their high status j

MISSION '1'0 'l'HE ARISTOCRACY OF INDIA

or the immensity of the task before him, he no sooner conceived the idea than he began to make it a matter of persistent prayer.

In December, 1911, Mrs. Chowdhuri lay very ill and near death.

On December 10th whilst King George was being acclaimed Emperor of India in Delhi, Mr. Chowdhuri, overcome with grief, retired to his room to pray. As he prayed for those he loved he suddenly became overwhelmed with the thought that at that very time such large num- bers of Indian royal personages who knew not Christ were assem- bled together. In his own words: "I knelt long in prayer. I was im- pelled to pray for the crowned heads of India, many of whom were in Delhi at that moment."

Soon afterwards Mrs. Chowdhuri had a vision in which she beheld many rajahs and nobles being cast out from the presence ·of God. This vision caused her husband to think deeply on some plan for reaching the hitherto inaccessible aristocracy of India. A few days later Mrs.

Chowdhuri died, and from that great personal sorrow was born the resolve to carry the Gospel at all costs into the palaces of the highest in the land. One day as he was praying he thought he heard a voice bidding him, "Take up this work yourself, " and coming out of his MR. JOHN CHOWDHURI room he called his motherless chil- Founder of the ~~SSl~~lio the Aristocracy dren around him and told them he had received a call from Godio work voluntltrily amongst the aristoc- racy of India. It is interesting at this point to note that everyone of these children, even to the youngest, is as keen on this work now as is Mr. Chowdhuri himself, and all render help wherever possible.

In 1913 with no funds except what he could spare himself Mr.

Chowdhuri invited the sympathy and cooperation of a few friends, and made a start, realizing at the time that great delicacy was needed in carrying out his design. He made no mistake when he took the nobility on the line of their own lives, and made the events of state and family occasions for congratulations and expressions of sym- pathy. A royal birthday, sickness or death, flood or famine, the in- an vestiture of the Brahmin holy thread were opportunities of pre- senting the claims of the Prince of Peace. With his own hand, and in the name of the frie!lds who now formed the "Mission to the

Aristocracy" Mr. Chowdhuri wrote letters enclosingilluminatedtexts, Testaments and Christan literature to all the highborn of India wherever opportunity offered. The noble personages so approached are now too many to enumerate, but by the efforts of this one man during the past eight years, some thousands of letters have been written, and the Gospel has thus obtained entrance all over India into the palaces of the highest.

That these approaches have been regarded favorably is proved not only by the acceptance of the Christian literature sent and gracious replies always accorded, but also by voluntary donations given again and again in aid of the work. A few instances recorded by Mr. Chowdhuri may give some insight into the charming way in which he approaches these noble personages and wins from them gracious responses.

"Rajah Bhujangarow Bahadur of Ellore … translated the Gospel into Telugu. The Mission presented him with a gold locket containing the effigy of Christ as an acknowledgment. That day the Rajah sent a letter to the Mission testifying to his faith in Christ."

"When the Maharajah of Kolhapur lost his son by an accident two consoling texts were sent, for which he telegraphed his thanks."

"Letters of congratulation have beQn sent to many titled Indians who have received Government and Birthday honours. Two Scripture texts accompanied the letter to Lord Sinha when he was raised to the (British) peerage."

Early this year Mr. Chowdhuri was joined by Mr. Satyams, who with his wife had already done excellent work in the Godaveri District, where they made frequent evangelistic tours in their house boat along the canals and rivers to reach distant villages. 'Mr. Satyams was the son of a wealthy Brahmin landowner, and as a boy was often sent to play in the fields where his elder brothers directed agricultural operations. One day he discovered a stone shaped roughly like the symbol under which one of the Hindu gods is worshiped, and taking it home he prayed' daily to it demanding of it many gifts, but chiefly that of a good life. Receiving no answer to his prayers, in disgust he threw away his newly-acquired god. The story of how he searched and found the Rock of Ages in place of his stone deity is a romance too long to relate. But with such rich experiences this highcaste and highly educated Christian has brought reinforcements of devotion and enthusiasm to this work amongst the aristocracy of India.

The Indian Bishop of Dornakal, himself a leader in the employment of an unpaid ministry in his own diocese, declares: "The Indian Church is truly awaking… there is a keen desire on the part of many of India's sons to undertake new tasks for the Master, and to attempt new enterprises for the spread of the Kingdom of God in this land."

in China-Present and

Extracts from Addresses and Reports at Shanghai SELECTED BY MILTON T. STAUFFER, NEW YORK Editor of "The Christian Occupation of China"; Educational Seeretary of the Student Volunteer Movement, U. S. A.

THE CHINESE CHURCH AND THE MISSIONS H FOR many years missionaries have been committed to the po- sition that the Christian Church should become naturalized in every country in which it is found. The difficulty is that whil-e there has been agreement in theory, too little has been actually done to put it into operation."

DR. C. Y. CHENG, Chairman of the Conference.

'" '" * "We can no longer regard the Church in China as though it were a kind of appendage to the Church in the West. The missionaries who really hold sway among Chinese Christians today are those who have given themselves most freely and fully in love and trust to their Chinese brethren and sisters. The measure of our Christian surrender as foreign missionaries will be the exact measure of the Chinese desire for foreign cooperation."

R. K. EVANS, Peking University.

• II II "The Chinese Christian Church must be a worthy teacher of the Bible-not for the purpose of propagating any particular school of theology or any denominationalism but with the sole purpose of helping the Chinese to understand and to live according to the will of God and to find the Eternal Life. She must herself have a genuine faith in the Bible as the Word of God. This faith must manifest itself with unmistakable clearness in perfect confidence in its impreg- nability. She shall not fear, but, on the contrary, welcome scientific investigation…… Not the Bible alone, but all the teachings of the Church, she shall gladly submit to true scientific tests and trials.

She shall stand by the seeker of truth and bend over the reverent inquiring hearts as a divine pedagogue sent from God, with dauntless courage and divine patience to teach and guide as the Master 'used to do when he said to His disciples, 'Come and see.' "

Commission on The j'J;Iessage of the Church.

* II * "All currents of thought and feeling which are moving the Orient and the Occident are now pouring in confusion across the mind of the New China. It seems to be more than a mere intellectual awakening. It amounts almost to an intellectual revolution. It has created keen dissatisfaction with things as they are and has led to a 3 113

questioning of every source of authority and every dogma. It is more than a seeking for new knowledge: it represents in countless cases a changed point of view, a new mental attitude. New methods of research are being applied to all kinds of sUbjects. The traditions, practices and customs honored by time, if they do not meet the exigencies of the day, are cast aside. All this presents to the Ohris- tian movement in China and in other lands not only a real problem but likewise a marvelous opportunity." JOHN R. MOTT.

*** "Since Christian education was begun in Ohina the realm of education has been entered on a large and rightful scale by the government. The function of the Christian Church ,at this stage is therefore defined as that of the duty of concentrating, through its educational system, on the development of a strong, Ohristian com- munity for the purpose Of making China, so far as possible, a '. Christian nation. The study which your Commission has made, has brought them to the conviction that Christian principles may yet become the controlling force in China's life. But whether this shall be the case or not will depend in no small measure upon the wisdom . and intelligence with which Christian education is carried on in the next few years, and the generosity with which it is supported by gifts from Christian lands…… If the present hour of opportunity is vigorously and wisely .seized, if unimportant differences are for- gotten and all our efforts are united to build up a system of educa- tion, sound, vigorous, progressive and fundamentally Ohristian, then we may hope to see the time when the religion of Jesus will be the religion of Ohina." Educational Commission.

II< II< * MESSAGE OF THE OHINESE OHURCHII< The United Church. (a) We Chinese Christians who represent the various leading denominations express our regret that we are divided by the denominationalism which comes from the West.

(b ) We are not unaware of the diverse gifts through the denominations. that have been used by God for the enrichment of the Church.

(c) Yet we recognize fully that denominationalism is based upon differences, the historical significance of which, however real and vital to the missionaries from the West, is not shared by us Chinese. Therefore, denominationalism instead of being a source of inspiration, has been and is a source of confusion, bewilderment, and inefficiency.

(d) We recognize also most vividly the crying need of the Christian salvation for China today, and we firmly believe that it is only the unitlJd Church that can save China, for our task is great and enough strength can only be attained through solid unity.

(e) Therefore, in the name of the Lord, Who prayed that all may be one, we appeal to all those who love the same Lord to follow His command • (The Commission on this subject was composed entirely of Chinese Christian church leaders, men and women. Their report constitutes a fearless and stirring challenge to us of the West.)

CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA-PRESENT AND FUTURE

and be united into one Church, catholic and indivisihle, for the salvation of China.

(f) We believe that there is an essential unity among all the Chinese Christians, and that we are voicing the sentiment of the whole Chinese Christian body in claiming that we have the desire and the possibility to effect a speedy realization of corporate unity, and in calling upon missionaries and representatives of the Churches in the West, through self-sacrificial devotion to our Lord, to remove all the obstacles in order that Christ's prayer for unity may be fulfilled in China.

(g) We confidently hope that the Church of China thus united will be able to stand as an impetus to the speedy healing of the broken body of Christ in the West.

The Indigenous Church. (a) We Chinese Christians do hereby acknowledge that the Church is the spiritual home of Christians where wc receive a spiritual nurture which should not be alien to the racial inheritance and spiritual experience of our people.

(b) We register our appreciation and gratitude for the devoted and self-sacrificial service of the missionaries who have helped to build up the Christian Church in China, and for the Churches in the West which have made the service of these missionaries possible.

(c) But we wish to voice the sentiment of our people that the wholesale, uncritical acceptance of the traditions, forms and organizations of the West and the slavish imitation of these are not conducive to the building of a permanent genuine Christian Church in China.

(d) We notice, moreover, that the Chinese Church is becoming conscious of her own unique mission and duty today.

(e) The history of China, the characteristics of the people, the nature of the work, the results of our past experience, and the rapidly changing conditions of the country all demand an indigenous Church which will present an indigenous Christianity-a Christianity which does not sever its continuity with the historical Churches but at the same time takes cognizance of the spiritual inheritance of the Chinese race.

(f) Therefore, we appeal to all the followers of .Jesus Christ in China, with united effort, through systematic giving, to reach the goal of self-support, through persistent practice, fearless of experiment and failures, to reach the goal of self-governmeut, aud through religious education, an adequately trained leadership, and devoted personal work, to attain the goal of seUpropagation.

(g) We declare further that the time has come when Chinese Christians should make a careful study and with courageous experimentatiou find out what should be the forms and organizations and method that are the most practicable and helpful for the establishment of an indigenous Church.

(h) We call upon the missionary leaders of the Church to assist the Chinese in carrying out this great task by their useful advice and by giving unfettered freedom to the Chinese Christians in these experiments.

(i) We confidently hope that time will soon come when the Church of China will repay in part of that of which she has bountifully received from her mother Churches in the West, the loving tribute of the daughtercontributions in thought, life and achievement for the enrichment of the Church Catholic.

SttLdy of the Word of God. (a) We Chinese Christians accept the Bible as the inspired Word of God and the supreme guide of faith and practice.

(b) We do hereby express our appreciation of the patient, persistent and diligent work of those servants of God who made the Bible known unto our people.

(c) We are fully conscious of the fact that the Chinese Church as a Church is yearning for a Bible for the Chinese which is the work of the Chinese. Just as the English Bible is the work lof English scholars and the German Bible is the result of the labor of German men of God so the Chinese need a version of the Scriptures which is a product of the ;everent scholarship of the Chinese race.

~ro~ the experience of our work and the rapid advancement of learning and III VIew of the future task of the Church, we have come to the conclusion that we must have an indigenous version of the Holy Scriptures just as we Ileed an indigenous Church.

(d) We, therefore, call upon all Christians in China to study more diligently the Word of God, first of all individually in an ever-increasing devo- tion for one '8 own spiritual life, for comfort, for hope, for faith and to gain strength for Christian service.

(e) And, secondly, we call upon the students in schools and colleges to see the glory of Biblical scholarship and to offer their lives to its thorough study, preparing themselves by the grace of God to be adequate interpreters and expositors of the Word of God, in our noble Chinese tongue, so that the people of China shall share in full measure with the people of the West the splendor and joy of the Truth. ( Social Regeneration. (a) We take this occasion to state in most emphatic terms our realization of the tragic reality of Sin, its hideousness and its aUpervasiveness, and to testify to the saving grace of Jesus Christ, through whose death we are reconciled to the holy and righteous God.

(b) We also believe that sin is fundamentally an individual problem but it is also social. We believe that an unjust economic order, an unrighteous political regime, unfair treatment of any human being, or of any group, is unacceptable to the righteous and loving God.

We take this occasion to express our appreciation of the various forms of social service which have been rendered to our people through the earnest efforts of the servants of God and sustained by the generous support of the Faithful in the West.

We confess our failure to meet adequately the social needs of the Chi- nese people thus far. .

We are further conscious of the ever increasing and crying need of the social regeneration in China today. We recognize that a thorough-going application of Christian social teachings is of primary importance.

We hereby call upon the whole Church to proclaim the justice as well as the love of God, and to apply Christ's teaching of justice as well as that of love in our social life.

We hereby call upon the Church to mobilize all her forces to work for the regeneration of the home, of economic conditions of political standards, of educational, industrial and commercial life, in thought and in practice, through the spiritualizing power of Christ, and to accomplish it at any cost and at whatever sacrifice the Church may suffer, so that we may hasten the speedy coming of God ~s Kingdom and the full realization of His wiH on earth as it is in heaven.

International Brotherhood. (a) We Chinese Christians believe that God has made of one blood all nations that may dwell on the face of the earth and that He is no respecter of persons or of nations, but the loving Father of all.

(b) We express our appreciation of the manifestation of international brotherhood through the missionary effort of the last century in China, but we at the same time express our deepest regret for the unfortunate circumstances through which' Christian work has been introduced into China and that the history of the Church of China has been darkened by the association

1923J CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA-PRESENT AND FUTURE

with the repeated incidents of national humiliation which have been one of the greatest obstacles to the speedy evangelization of our race. .

We as a Church, confess her failure to stay the hands of the so-called Christian governments of the West in their unchristian exploitation and aggression upon the sovereignty of China.

We firmly believe that the teaching and the life of Christ have taught us beyond any doubt the possibility and the necessity of international worldbrotherhood. With Him nothing is impossible.

(c) We hereby call upon everyone who serves in the Christian Church in China to seize every opportunity of promoting international friendship and to fight together against any international injustice.

(d) We further believe that the starting point for genuine internation- alism is afforded by the providence of God within the Church of China, in the development of which different nations have heretofore had a share.

(e) We express our appreciation of the good examples of international comity and cooperation among the missionaries of different nationalities and especially to the increasing effort for Union work in educational and medical service. We confess at the same time that the relationship between foreign missionaries and the Christian workers, partly due to almost unavoidable circumstances, and partly due to human weakness, has left much to be desired. We are voicing the sentiment of the loyal and devoted servants of the Church in all parts of China to ask for a more vigorous effort on the part of missionaries to improve the conditions, to emphasize Chinese leadership, to sacrifice individual preferences and such national and racial prejudices as have in many instances retarded the speedy formation of an indigenous church in China. We also call upon Chinese Christian workers to study the problem of cooperation and to .be persistent and patient as to their faith in its practicability, for only through cooperation can the great task of the evangeliza- tion of China b.e accomplished.

(f) We as a Church believe that God has a special mission for each nation on this earth, that each nation has a definite contribution to make to the progress and enrichment of humanity; that China, which has been pre- served by Him throughout these ages as an independent and sovereign nation has her distinct destiny and contribution to make to the world; that in the present world conflict and restlessness and under the yoke of accumulated national humiliation, we Chinese Christians feel as one with our fellow citizens that we must turn to somewhere for genuine love as the only solution for the present international situation. Therefore, we call upon the whole Church to exert her influence to demand from time to time adequate hearings from the nations of the world for our claim to the inalienable right of our nation to her sovereignty and to her unfettered opportunity for development and growth, and that the Church should work with lmtiring zeal through some definite program to promote such international service as will attain the end we seek.

(g) Furthermore, we call upon all Chinese Christian pastors and other teachers to Christianize the rapidly developing national consciousness that we as a nation may be a witness t() the whole world of the wonderful gift of the peace-loving nature with which God has endowed our race.

Evangelism. (a) We Chinese Christians declared that we have the commission from the Head of the Church,Jesus Christ, to proclaim the Gospel to every creature.

(b) We express our appreciation for the w()rk of the missionaries who through untold difficultie!l have blazed the way and laid down the foundation of a great strueture for national evangelization and for the Christian Churches

in the West through whose faithful support the missionary work has been developed and attained its present growth.

(c) We confess with humiliation that we Chinese Christians have fallen short in thorough-going efforts to carry on the noble task which is ours.

(d) In view of the small percentage of Christians in proportion to the population, the vast extent of territory where darkness still prevails and the lack of indigenous and, vigorous. presentation of the Gospel to th~ various classes of society, we sense the appalling need of a thorough-going evangelism.

(e) We hereby call upon all the followers of Jesus Christ to go forth with renewed zeal and consecrated hearts, wit,h persistent efforts, and through united and definite programs to evangelize every part of China.

(f) We hereby declare that in our evangelistic efforts we stand solidly on the evangelical faith of the Christian Church, the faith which has given us our genuine religious experience and which baR Ird us into intimate rela- tionshin with God our Father through ,Tesus Christ our Lord. We also pmnha.Rize that the evangelical faith whif'h we nroclaim is also the faith of an IIhnndant life which actually manifests God's love as revealed through Jesus (;'hrist and which is being continually revealed and witnessed in our hearts hv the Holv Spirit., , (g) We take this opportunity to state our rrligi.ons exnerience in our own tonglle and in our own way as a summons to this evangelical faith from the Chinese Christians to their non-Christian fellow-citizens.

To CHRISTIANS OF OTHER LANDS, "An overpowering sense of the joy and strength of fellowship in Christ has come to us who are gathered in a national conference representing more than one hundred and thirty Christian bodies in China. It has been g-iven to us to catch the vision of a wonderful united Chinese Church bound together in the service of the Master in this great land where the laborers are all too few and the harvest so plenteous. Yet we find that this great desire of our ,hearts-as always the work of our hands-is hindered bv the tragedy of division among the Christians of the world. While standing for the principle of indigenous Christian Churches, we do not seek isolation and separation from the Mother Churches. but we ask that they shall strive for unity among themselves so that we in China mav be ablr alE:o to unite and bear undivided witness to the mighty works of God.

"Surelv. the salvation of the human race calls for nothing less than a world program and is a task which in itsplf points to the danger and sin of longer perpetuating the spirit of division among the children of a common Lord. We ask therefore that our brethren in every land shall strive for that perfect unity for which Christ prayed when He said. 'that they all may be one as Thou Father art in me and I in Thee. that they also mav be one in us, that the world may believe that Thou hast' sent me.' "

Closing Message of the Conference.

FOR ANNUAL MEETING IN WEST GARFIELD DISTRICT

Denominational Cooperation in Montana BY REV. G. CLIFFORD CRESS, LEWISTOWN, MONTANA Secretary of the HOllie Missions Council of Montana T HE beginnings of Christian. work in Montana were not unlike those of other American states. With the discovery of gold in the 60's came a mad rush of miners, prospectors and the usual transport forces. The first preaching by a Protestant minister was in the gold camp at Virginia City. For about twenty years mining was the leading activity in the state and the major denominations were found at the principal camps, preaching, teaching and rendering such service as the times and conditions would permit.

Agriculture was slow in its development. In a few fertile valleys the pioneer farmer turned the sod and reaped good harvests. Streams were turned into irrigation ditches and scattered but pennanent rural communities were developed in southern and western Montana. Most of the settlers were from Missouri, Kentucky and other central states. They brought their faith with them and established churches patterned after those they had left in the homeland "back East" or "down South." These straggling churches had no regular ministry but were visited occasionally by traveling missionaries and fanner preachers. By 1880 there were several denominational state-wide organizations.

119

]J'ollowing the mining era came the period when the live-stock interests of the state dominated all other activities. The Federal Government by a series of military campaigns had broken the power of the Indians, thus making it possible to utilize the great prairies for grazing. Vast herds of cattle were trailed into the state from the plains of Kansas, Indian Territory and Texas. During the 80 's and 90's, population increased but not rapidly. The cattle industry requires wide ranges and the people engaged in it shift about constantly. Consequently these two decades did not witness any great church program. Every denomination was making slow gains and strengthening its forces. There was very little over-lapping of mis- A SOD SOHOOL HOUSE IN SHERIDAN OOUNTY, MONTANA Until the work was started by the Home Mission s Council there was no Sunday-school here for children sionary effort in the first forty years in the state and there were no conscious efforts at cooperation. This state which is as large as the combined areas of Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland, had only a sprinkling of popUlation. There were few railways, almost no graded roads, no telephones and the scattered and shifting population had small chance for mutual acquaint.ance and plans. Each denomination with whatever funds and men were available did what seemed best under the frontier conditions then prevailing.

Later when five great railway systems had entered the state, came a vast activity in agriculture. "Dry land farming" experiments that had been tried in Russia, South Africa and Australia,

DENOMINATIONAL COOPERATION IN MONTANA

were applied to Montana. Amazing crops were produced by this new method of tillage. The railroads were anxious for increased tonnage and began a nation-wide campaign of advertising for agricultural settlers. Several hundred thousand people, bitte~ by land hunger and thrilled by the glowing offer of free homesteads of three hundred and twenty to six hundred and forty acres each, rushed into this vast state between 1900 and 1915. It was one of the most spectacular colonizing schemes ever put on in America. New towns developed in a single year. Old counties were divided and subdivided. Schoolhouses, roads, bridges, fences, elevators appeared in bewildering numbers. Unheard of crops were harvested and money THE FIRST MEETING AT TIMBER CREEK SCHOOL HOUSE A Sunday-school was organized Rnd rel-.igiou'.! work was started was plentiful. Then the war broke out in Europe and prices rose.

The Montana field was flowering in a mad profusion.

This intensive era of agriculture coincides with the era of denominational competition in the state. . Glowing accounts reached the Home Mission boards in eastern cities and secretaries came in squads to look over this new promised land of magnificent distances and unequaled opportunities. The land was booming. Everywhere one turned he heard the voice of optimism and of fabulous possibilities that were about to make Montana the wonder of the world. Church leaders felt the contagion of this boom condition. The day for action had arrived. Every bishop, superintenqent, or secretary, was eagerly buying up the opportunity to plant missions in every new town that gave promise of growth and importance. In those days each religio'ls leader did that which was right in his own eyes. There was no coordination of effort.

By 1915 anyone traveling through this state could see on every side the evidences of unrelated denominational programs.. Small communities with only a handful of people had anywhere from two to six different meeting houses. Missionaries traveled about in overlapping circuits. The frequent canvasses for funds to erect buildings seemed almost epidemic. Most of the missionary boards after a few years began to press these mission churches to undertake self-support. Local church finances in the smaller communities created much irritation and dissatisfaction.

In January, 1918, Dr. Lemuel Call Barnes, chairman of the Com- mittee on Comity and Cooperation of the Home Missions Council, presented a working plan to the Council known as the Every Com- munity Service Endeavor. The Council adopted it and about a year later offered it simultaneously to five different western states. It was a new conception of denominational cooperation. Certain helps were promised to that state in which five major denominations should first agree to try out this plan. Montana was the first state to qualify. The denominations were Methodist Episcopal, Disciples, Presbyterian, Congregational, and Baptist. Later the Methodist Episcopal South, Protestant Episcopal, Evangelical Association, United Evangelical, United Brethren and a few groups of Lutherans, joined in the movement.

In July, 1919, the first meeting to study this proposal met at Miles City, with Dr. Barnes and Dr. Alfred Williams Anthony of the Home Missions Council, who undertook to interpret these proposals to the church administrators assembled. The plan proposed included action by all the cooperating bodies in such a manner as to conserve denominational ideals and organizations. There was to be no merging of denominations and none were to be eliminated. The object was to secure a competent ministry in every community in the state by such methods of adjustment as the denominations themselves might make. Union churches, undenominational community churches and federated churches, were not approved. Denominations were to be strengthened, not weakened.

The conference compo'sed of over fifty delegates divided into three groups and for ten days toured the state to observe at first hand the concrete problems to be met. They re-assembled at Helena and were joined by other denominational representatives here. Practically every state executive, many district representatives and national secretaries, were present.

There was a unanimous agreemelH that the proposals were sane and workable. Then followed several tense days as the whole state was carefully passed under review by the entire body. Every area in the state fell under one of three heads: (1) Fields requested by but One denomination, thirty-nine were thus assigned and every denomination present gave approval to these allocations. (2) Fields

requested by more than one denomination, thirty-nine were adjusted satisfactorily or were assigned to two or more bodies. (3) Fields unasked for by any denomination. There were twenty-nine such areas, some of them as large as fifty miles square, which had inadequate religious privileges or none whatever. Each of these fields was assigned to some denomination for immediate care.

All of the denominations agreed to respect the allocations of the others. No denomination was to enter into competition with others or to enter new fields without due notice and approval. An organization known as the Home Missions Council of Montana was set up with officers and an executive committee to continue the work.

A 'fYP1CAL CAMP O~' CROW INDIANS, ASSEMBLED FOR A "JESUS MEETING" ON THEIR RESERVATION IN MONTANA During the following year the executive committee met every three months. Adjustments were made. Surveys were put on. Allocations were modified and differences were composed by conferences. The Council is not an ecclesiastical organization and has no authority to enforce any decision and it is not a state-wide federation of churches. Neither is it a standing comity committee. Many attempts at cooperation in the past have been wrecked by standing comity organizations. The Montana Plan calls for a new committee for every caSe involved and after it has reported it automatically ceases to exist. During the three and one-half years that the plan has been working there has not been one case where harmony has not been secured.

Annual sessions have been held with as many called meetings as have been necessary to meet the needs of the state work. Reports

are made in writing and each denomination with the utmost candor outlines its plans, special features and forces of men and money: The men have learned to trust each other. It seems unthinkable that any official would take undue advantage of another. At the fourth annual meeting held in November all the original bodies were represented and there was not a single suggestion of giving up the experiment. It was a unanimous conviction that the Oouncil should devote its fourth year to an intensive study of realignment of areas and circuits whereby the workers now under appointment could cover wider areas with less travel and expense. Denominations having similar faith and organization are planning mutual exchanges of many fields for added efficiency. Another proposed 'objective for the current year is that of taking up Montana's cities and counties, one by one, for re-study and survey, since many changes have occurred in the past four years that affect the religious complexion and needs of many fields.

Best of all gains achieved today is the new sense of confidence that the leaders have realized through these years of intimate fel- lowship. The frequent meetings are times of confession and fervent prayer for each other. We have discovered that thE). task is far greater than our combined strength is able to meet. We have demonstrated that in actual results more souls can be won to Ohrist, more Ohristian service rendered with less expense by the simple plans of mutual conference and agreements.

The evils so freely predicted of our efforts have not appeared.

Weare pledged to absolute fairness in dealing with the smallest group in the state. The right of the least denomination to expi:m- sion and unhindered self-determination is unchallenged. Noone is estopped in programs of aggressive service. The Oouncil has never made a decision involving a withdrawal of any denomination from any field. The state is large and the needs greater than all com- bined can meet. New work is launched with the knowledge and ap- proval of all the cooperating bodies. .

We do not feel that we have solved all our problems, but that a new and hitherto untried principle of "working together" has been discovered by Dr. Barnes and Montana is giving it an unprejudiced try-out. It gives us harmony without negative action or compromise of principle. It has shown the way for unity of action while de- veloping new intensities of denominational loyalty. It achieves re- sults not by mandatory methods enforced by authority but by purely spiritual forces. Its cohesive energy lies in the simplicity of its ideals, its spiritual quality and approved soundness from social and business viewpoints. It is built on the basis of a larger service and a fuller recognition of the higher unity of believers than that con- ceived of in plans involving organic union. It is purely a mission- ary program without legal elements and is genuinely fraternal.

Educational Commission to

A Review of the Report By T. H. P. Sai~er, Ph.D., New York.

I N April, 1915, the China Christian Educational Association passed a resolution declaring that there should be "a careful study of the higher institutions of learning by a commission of experts."

The China Continuation Committee approved this action. There were several reasons for this vote. Missionary education in China was begun by a number of different agencies, American, British and Con- tinental. While there was no unworthy spirit of competition, yet the schools were placed according to denominational exigencies, very much like churches in America, rather than according to a single unified plan. As a result, just as sections in America are over- churched and others are under-churched, so relatively to the resources available, there were sections in China that were over-schooled and others that were under-schooled. The fraternal feeling among mis- sionaries tended to mitigate some of these difficulties, but there was still an obvious danger of duplication that a commission from without might help to remove.

In the second place, many of the schools had been established by missionaries whose educational ideas would today be considered decidedlyold-fashioned. It has been a commonplace fm~ missions on the field to appoint as heads of schools men with college and theological training who had never studied educational theory nor done an hour of classroom teaching. Schools of this kind, especially when under- staffed and scantily supplied with funds, are not apt to keep abreast of educational progress.

Time was when even these schools were better than any of their non-Christian competitors who taught only the Chinese classics by archaic methods. But since the Empress Dowager abolished the old- fashioned examinations in 1905, modern schools have been cropping up everywhere and steadily improving in quality. More recently, Chinese students have been returning from Japan, America, and Europe, in some cases with advanced degrees in education. Chinese educators have studied the best methods of other countries and their schools are in certain ways beginning to surpass even the best mis- sionary institutions. This gives an entirely different slant to the whole problem. Many missionaries realize these difficulties, but few have time to study them in the large. Overloading tends to make conscientious workers narrow in their outlook, and the average edu- cational missionary is heavily overloaded. '

Forall these reasons it was felt that a commission of sympathetic experts might be a. great help in bringing to bear a detached judg- ment and presenting the situation in proper perspective. War con- 125

ditions contributed in delaying the response to. this appeal, but in August, 1921, the Oommission sailed from Vancouver. * As a whole it represented very varied and high-grade experience. The members reached Peking in the middle of September, began investigations at once, and on this basis outlined their plans. Having had the privilege of attending many of their sessions, the writer can testify that the Oommission was absolutely open-doored to evidence of all kinds, and that it was indefatigable in visiting schools of every type, organizing conferences with educational workers, and discussing the resulting impressions. There was a happy combination of harmony in spirit and purpose with the freest and most uncompromising debate. Early in October the Oommission divided into two groups which covered different sections of the country, and towards the end of November settled down in Shanghai for discussion of data and final conferences lasting two months. For such complex problems the time was unfortunately brief. On the other hand, there probably has never been a missionary investigation conducted so ably and thoroughly.

The result of all this is a report which was rated by Mr. J. H. Oldham as "the most notable contribution to missionary literature that has ever been made." Mr. Oldham is thinking, of course, of the literature of missionary policy.t The introduction calls attention to some important facts. In the first place, the growth of government and private schools signifies that as far as missionary schools are concerned "there is no longer any possibility of successful competition on the basis of numbers. That contest is. over and the schools established by the Ohinese in the last fifteen years have won it. Henceforth the Ohristian schools must base their claims on quality alone." Elsewhere the striking statement is made that Protestant schools represent approximately onetwenty-seventh of the present educational effort in Ohina, the Roman Catholic another orre-twenty-seventh, schools under private Ohinese auspices five-twenty-sevenths, and schools under government auspices twenty-twenty-sevenths. This will come as a shock to those who have been accustomed to think of the Ohinese as largely dependent upon missionaries for Western education.

• The Chairman was Dr. Ernest D. Burton, of the Univel13ity of Chioago, who had made a survey of missionary education in China ten or twelve years previous. The other foreign members were President Kenyon L. Butterfield, of Massachusetts Agricu1t.ural College; Dr. WllUam F. Russell. Dean or the College of Education of Iowa State University; Prof. Percy M. Ro:xby. of, the University of Liverpool; and President Mary E. Woolley. of Mt. Holyoke College. Bishop F. J. McConneil, of the Methodist Episcopal Church Joined the Commission at the end of November, and was present at the flnal discussions. The following members representea the missionary body in China: Dr. E. W. Wallace, General Secretary 01 the West China Christian Educational Union; Mr. H. B. Graybill, Principal of the Middle School of Canton Christian College; Dr. J. Leighton Stuart, President of Peking Christian University; Miss Clara J. Lambert, PrinCipal of the C. M. S. School for Girls in Fooehow; and Mrs. J. Lawrence Thurston, President of Ginling College for Women. Dr. Frank D. Gamewell and Rev. E. C. Lobenstine were ex-ofiicio members. In addition, there were three Chinese members: Dr. P. W. Kuo, President of the National Southeastern University; Dr. Chang Paling, President of Nan Kai College; and Miss Y. T. Law,. of the True Light Middle School for Girls in Canton.

t The Report covers over four hundred pages and can be obtained from the Committee of Reference and Counsel, 25 Madison Avenue, New York City. It is intend~d for stu~ent8 of missionary education and is not a popular statement for laymen, but anyone Interested In the enterprise ought to be interested also in its broad conceptions and conclusions.

1923J THE EDUCATIONAL COMMISSION TO CHINA

Again, the rising spirit of nationalism has affected the situation. "It mnst be remembered that Ohinese Ohristians are Ohinese as well as Ohristian, and that the very patriotism which Ohristianity tends to produce will draw them away from the school whose atmosphere is foreign' and to one that is Ohinese. It is not wise to compel them to choose between these alternatives. The Ohristian school must become as rapidly as possible thoroughly Ohinese as well as thoroughly Ohristian, if it is to attract students or win the financial sUPPQrt of the Ohinese." The developments referred to by these quotations are recent, but they have come to stay and to grow.

The Oommission states that the principal immediate objective of Ohristian education in Ohina is the creation of "a Ohristian community characterized by physical health, financial strength, keen and broad intelligence, high character, and spiritual power; a community endowed with the power of self-development, but abounding also in good works to those that are without" (XV). The more commonly quoted objectives of education are means to this end. The contribution of Ohristian education is to be made in four ways: by bringing in significant personalities who can illustrate the application of the Ohristian message to personal and social life ; by creating institutions and agencies by which the message may be perpetuated and applied; by demonstrating methods of service; by training those who shall ultimately make the Ohinese social order Ohristian (p. 72).

The Oommission is highly appreciative of the service that has been rendered by educational missionaries and institutions. Its function, however, was to indicate weaknesses and suggest improvements. The most characteristic weakness of missionary education it finds to be the lack of centralized organization for the discovery and execution of unified policies. Individuals are doing high-grade thinking, and the office of the Ohina Ohristian Educational Association is active in diffusing these ideas, but there is no adequate general staff with time and ability to work out problems, direct effort to the weakest spots, such as teacher training, and help create a supervisory force, both to disseminate and collect ideas. The result of this lack is considerable duplication of functions, especially among the higher institutions, and, on the other hand, a neglect of 'certain obvious moves because there is no agency to mobilize the resources. The recognition of these needs by thoughtful missionaries has led to the formation of educational associations covering almost every province of China, a development which other mission fields would do well to imitate.

But all this has been far short of the ideal and there was need of an authoritative statement from an outside body commanding respect, to bring the matter home. The Oommission recommends the creation of a national board of Ohristian education, with four departments: higher, elementary and secondary, teligious, and extension and adult education, each with its own council and secretary, and

with coordination of effort as its main function. Boards of Christian education are urged for each province or small group of provinces, to secure minimum essentials, regular supervision, continuous study of problems, and adequate methods for testing results. These should have large power delegated to them by the missions and ecclesiastical bodies. The limited resources at the disposal of missionary schools must be employed with the view to the best missionary strategy. This is especially true in the field of higher education. The Commission finds sixteen missionary institutions claiming to do work of college grade, with enrollments in this grade of from less than twelve to about three hundred students. It concedes that for the immense population of China this number is not large, but holds that "in view of the total available resources, the maintenance of all these schools with their present variety of courses and consequent duplication of effort for a limited number of students, is unjustifiable economically. Some of these schools should be closed or their character changed." Later it makes some specific recommendations as to changes in missionary colleges.

The Report contains chapters on all the different types of missionary education. All are of consuming interest to the student of missionary policies. It is stimulating to havo the judgment of such experts as Dean Russell on the training of teachers, and of President Butterfield on agricultural education. There is a chapter on education in the social application of Christianity, and discussions on the place of law, engineering, and journalism in the Christian curriculum. All is on a high plane of Christian and educational thought. Among the recommendations are those for an institute for educational research, a higher grade of theological training, an institute for social and economic research, that special efforts be made to attract younger Chinese of ability to the work of the Church, and that the qualifications of educational missionaries should be passed upon by a committee of experts before they are sent to the field. Many readers might pick out similar lists that would seem more striking. At the close there is a summary of all the recommendations, which are finally reclassified, first, according to expense, and finally, those involving large expense, according to urgency. At the head of this list stands the strengthening of the China Christian Educational Association. Other prominent items are the establishment of normal schools and the conclusion of the building programs of institutions having yet no permanent plants. The Commission estimates that in order to carry out this program of advance there would be needed a capital outlay of $7,000,000 gold for land and buildings, and a subsequent annual expenditure for maintenance of $1,000,000. The cost of an effective program of Christian education in China seems small compared with some of our other luxuries.

JUDSON'S MISSIONARY MESSAGE

Judson's Missionary Message A Translation tram Dr. Judson's First Tract tor the Burmans Appendix 2 ;n Edward Judson's Life of Adon;ram Judson T HERE is .one Being WhD exists eternally; WhD is exempt frDm sickness, .old age, and death; WhD was, and is, and will be, withDut beginning and withDut end. Besides this, the true GDd, there is nD .other GDd.

The true GDd is diverse frDm all .other beings. Uniting three in .one, GDd the Father, GDd the SDn, and GDd the HDly GhDst, these three are one GDd. GDd is a spirit, withDut bodily fDrm.

Although omnipresent, it is abDve the heavens that He clearly discloses His glory. His pDwer ~nd wisdDm are infinite. H,~ is pure and good, and pDssessed of everlasting felicity. Before this WDrid was. made, GDd remained happy, surrDunded by the pure and incorporeal SDns .of Heaven.

In .order tD display His perfectiDns, and make creatures happy, GDd created the heavens, the sun, mDDn, and all the stars, the .earth, the variDus kinds .of brute creatures, and man. The first man and woman, at their .original creatiDn, were' not liable tD sickness Dr death; they were exempt frDm every.kind of evil, and their mind was upright and pure. Afterwards, because, by violating the cDmmand .of GDrl, they transgressed against their Benefactor, the sum of all perfectiQns, beYDn<". compare, the light .of the divine CDuntenance disappeated, and those two, tDgether with all their posterity, became darkened, and unclean, and wicked; they became subject, in the present state, to sickness, death, and all othe,r evils; and they became deServing .of suffering, in the future state, the dreadful punishment of hell. Thousands of years after mankind was thus destroyed, God, being moved with compassion for man involved in misery, sent to the earth, the abDde .of man, God the Son.

The circumstances of His being sent were thus :-God the Son, uniting the divine and the human natures, without destroying or confounding them, in the land of Israel, and country of Judea, in the womb of a virgin, was conceived by the divine power, and was born. This Godman, WhD is named Jesus Christ, being man, endured in our stead severe sufferings and death, the punishment due to our sins; and being God; is able by virtue of having endured those sufferings, to deliver all His disciples from the punishment of hell, redeeming them with His own life, and to instate them in Heaven. On the third day after Jesus Christ suffered dbath, His soul reentered his body, and He Uved again. For the space of forty days He remained, giving instruction to His disciples, after which He cDmmissioned them thus-" GD ye into all llountries on earth, and proclaim the glad news to all men. He that believeth in Me, and is baptized, shall be saved; he that believeth not shall be condemned. " Then, in the presence of many .of His disciples, He 4

ascended into Heaven, and took up His abode in the place where God displays His glory.

According to the final command of Jesus Christ, His disciples, beginning with Judea, traveled about through variolls countries and'kingdoms, and proclaimed the glad news; and many believed, and became disciples of Jesus Christ. The true religion afterwards spread into the countries of the west; and now to this country of Burmah, among the, countries of the east, a teacher of religion, from the country of America, has arrived, and is beginning to proclaim the glad news…..

A disciple of Jesus Christ is one that is born again; the meaning of which is, that the old nature, which is sllccessively inherited from the first man and woman, begins to be destroyed, and the new nature, which is implanted by the Holy Spirit, is obtained. The unrenewed man loves himself supremely, and seeks his own private interest. The renewed man loves the true God supremely, and d€Sires, that the divine glory may be promoted. He loves all others, also, as himself, and seeks their interest as his own.

Tne desire of the unrenewed man is to enjoy sensual pleasure, worldly wealth, fame, and power. The renewed man's desire is to be pure in m1nd, to be replete with grace, to be useful to others, to promote the glory of God, and to enjoy the pure and perpetual happine,'3S or Heaven.

The unrenewed man, influenced by pride, hates the humbling religion of Jesus Christ. When seized with alarm, he endeavors to perform meritorious deeds :ill order to make atonement for his sins, and obtain salvation. The renewed man, knowing surely that man, having sinned against God, and contracted great guilt, cannot perform meritorious deeds, firmly fixes in his mind 1;hat it is on account of the God-man, J esns Christ alone, that sin can be expiated, and the happiness of Heaven obtained; and therefore, through supreme love to Jesus Christ, and a desire to do his will, endeavors to avoid evil deeds, and to perform good deeds only, according to the divine commands….. He who is renewed and becomes a disciple of Jesus Christ, in the present life, is acquainted with true wisdom, and attains the state of a Thautahpan (one that has acquired a new and: excellent nature, which will issue in final salvation). And when he changes worlds, his soul having obtained the pardon of sin through the death of Christ, will, through the grace of God, enter into the divine presence…" .

On becoming a disciple of Jesus Christ, receive baptism in water. Afterwards, in memQry of His flesh and blood, which He gave for the sake of His disciples, reverently, from time to time, eat bread and drink the fruit of the vine. Use all diligence that your relations, and neighbors and countrymen, who are not disciples of Christ, may be converted. With a compassionate mind, use all diligence that the inhabitants of towns, and countries, and kingdoms, that are in darkness, not having obtained the light of the knowledge of the true God, may become disciples of Christ. The above are commands of Jesus Christ.

Moslems and Anti-Christ

ARTHUR T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT T HE following is a rough translation of a pamphlet by a sincere but uneducated Moslem at Medina, Arabia, now being printed and dis- tributed in Cairo:- "In the name of God the Compassionate and Merciful! "This is the command of the Apostle of God (Upon Him be prayers and peace).

"Sheikh Ahmed, a guardian of the Holy Apostle's tomb, savs: 'One night I was awake reciting the verses of the Holy Quran, and then i recited the 99 Names of God. After that, I prepared to sleep. Then, I saw the face of God's ApostIe, and he said to me: "Sheikh Ahmed, I am ashamed of the wicked actions of men, and I cannot meet either God or the angels. I stand on one foot (for shame), because there die, of the people of the earth, from one Friday to the next, 1,000,000 without the religion of Islam and only one dies a true believer. True, they say they are Moslems, but I take refuge in God from all that, for their rich have no mercy on their poor, and I am so ashamed of their evil deeds that I cannot meet my Lord, or the angels, on account of the disaster that has befallen the faith. Their faces have become darkened, and every one looks after himself and cares not for his brother, the son of his mother, and their sins increase all the time. Now this command is out of mercy to them, for I am utterly tired of all the evils caused by them. Warn them, Sheikh Ahmed, warn them that before the punishment falls upon them, from Almighty God, and before the gates of mercy are closed in their faces, that they are unbelievers, not walking in the straight path. We take refuge in God from the evils of such a wicked generation, who will not hear, nor will they speak of their Lord. Now the 'hour' (i. e., Judgment) has drawn nigh, for, in 1340 A. H., women rebel against their husbands and will go out into the streets without permission. Then, in 1350, there will appear signs in the heaven, Iike a hen's egg. These are the signs of resurrection. In 1370, the sun will fail to give its light and, after that, it will rise in the west and set in the east. Then, the gates of repentance will be closed. In 1390 the Holy Koran (i. e., religion) will be taken away from the hearts of Moslems, and then Anti-Christ will appear. Then Islam will go back to ruin. Warn them, Sheikh Ahmed, warn them of this commandment, and tell them that it is taken from the' Preserved Tablet.' " Every o'ne who writes or sends this from place to place shall have a mansion in heaven, which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard of it.' "

NOTES UPON THE ABOVE 1. It is not at all important from the point of view of "au~hority," but it is from the point of view of sincerity.

2. Never mind the dates (1340 A. H. ended in August, 1922), nor the fact that what disturbed the writer's parochial mind was the public political demonstrations by Moslem women.

3. The point is that it more or less represents the unhappy, unformed half-conviction of many simple, sincere Moslems that the days of the Great Apostasy are near at hand, and that there is no religi01~ Islam left!

4. Every Moslem holds that after Anti-Christ has appeared, Jesus the Messiah win come back, and they have located the place of His descent.

5. When distributing tracts in an Upper Egypt railway train, two Mo~ lem Sheikhs were interested in my Gospel Purity Movement, but said: "We cannot rebuke men for their sins, and preach to them, because our Islam has no power in it. "

131

Indian Outcastes'

We are poor, benighted people, but with glimpses of the light, Weare sunk in superstition, but we wish to learn the right; Weare seeking, we are turning, we are drawing very nigh, But we need so many teachers-will the Christians hear our'cry?

Men have called us only outcasts, but we hear the words of love, And they tell us there's a welcome in the heavenly courts above; We would gladly join the ransomed, but we do not know the way; It will be too late tomorrow-will the Christians come today'

Will you tell us news of Jesus, who has done so much for you f Is the message really for us, are the tidings really true? Weare coming by the hundreds; there are thousands on the track; We are ready for the Gospel-are the Christians holding back?

-ANNA STEVENS REED.

Highland, Ulster Co., N. Y.

UNITED STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL-1922 STATISTICS COMPARATIVE STA'l'EMENT OF MISSION AND OONGREGATIONAL OONTRIBUTIONS —- Per Capita Gifts.

;; ~r;:Iri ;; COMMUNION. "'~ g ~~~ o ",",~~ ~§"~ :Da. ,; ~~ ~ ""''"~ Ib'Io"~ .-;.~ ~ ~0t"~. .I">'.".<. ~ Rt",0 8~ ~i~ ~!l"8'~~ 0 ~ ::il ~li "~'""

.~~ ::il Seventh-day Adventists . _……………. . $32.421 $100.24 $3,200,518 $9,895,645 98,715 Dee. 31, 1921 United Presbyterian ………………… .. 15.00 23.55 2,500,009 3,834,638 16&,7&1 Mar. 31,1002 Moravian, North …………….. _……. . 11.61 18.38 202,142 231,001 17,SW Dec. 31,1921 Presbyterian, U. S. (South) ………….. . 10.41 18.11 4,286,665 7,457,000 411 ,854 Mar. 81, 1002 Baptist, Ontario and Quebec ……….. .. 10.16 16.85 623,334 l,03!I.,135 61,36& Sept. 80,1921 Evangellcal Association ……………… . 8.00 17.66 l,WS,ass 2,217,101 alWm ,,2W11l Aug. 31,1922 Presbytexian Church, Oanada ., ……… . 7.75 18.24 2,7t1l,4l!O 6,514,662 Dec. 31, 1921 Northern Baptist Convention ………… . 7.16 15.48 9,072,197 19,620,451 1,001.721 Apr. 30,1922 Congregatjonal .. _…………………… . 6.86 19.1& &,334,892 16,035,396 838,271 Dec. 31,1001 91.001 Mar. 31,1922 United Evangelical …. _……………… . 6.32 15.79 576,000 1,487,641 Methodist Episcopal (North) ………… .. 6.28 15.74 23,517,106 59,402,009 B,773,I60 Orl. 81,1921 Reformed in America ………………… . 6.04 ro.fa 852,278 2,8135,581 141,222 Apr. 30,1922 Methodist O'hurch, Canada .. 000 •••• 0 •• 0 • • Ii. 75 11.86 2,840,020 4,622,946 400,938 Apr. 30,1922 Protestant Episcopal 0 ••••••••••••••••• 0 ••• 5.li2 26,11 6,000,809 28,Bt!2,782 1,104,009 Dec. 81,1920 Presbyterian, U. S. A. (North) ……… .. 0.4<1 19.W 9,327,457 82,742,633 1,717,846 Mar. 31,1922 Reformed in United States …………. · .. 5.06 9,91 1,001,044 8,816,641 834,526 May 81,1922 Ohristiall ……………………………. . 4.69 '6.85 466,800 616,624 9'1,084 Sept. 30,1921 Lutheran (not listed below) …………. .. 4.28 10.fa 4,400,000 10,008,819 1,041,OOl 1921 United Brethren . . 0 •• • •••••••••••••• • •• , · , · 4.24 12.72 1,608,204 4,528,006 800, JOO O1lt. 1, 11m United Lutherau …………………….. . 4.17 13.05 3,341,700 lO,4!i6,400 SOl ,200 1001 Evangelical !Synod of North America … . 4.06 14.34 928,B76 3,280,242 228,713 Jan. 31,1002 Lutheran·Missouri Synod …………. , .. . 3.77 10.95 2,557,147 7,662,312 673,821 1921 Southern Baptist Oonvention ………… . 8.48 6.84 ll,U6,961 22,470,021 8,284,634 Dec. 31,1921 Methodist Episcopal (South) ………… .. 3.0. 11.69 7,016,204 26,008,217 2,301,844 Dec. 21,1921 2.00 8.24 8,8'74,159 10,808,1129 1,319,296 JUlle 30, 1922 Disciples of Obrist 0 ………………….. . 2.76 11.72 192,945 818,491 Friends .' 0 •••• 0" ' •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 69,836 Mar. 81, 1922 Church 0 f Brethren .,., ………………. . 2.35 9.10 2li6,004 1I9l,62'I 108,9'10 Feb. 28, 1922 —-~——~———–I—- 2:l Communions . . . . . . . 0 ••••••••• 0 ••••••• • •• I $5.17 $14.13 $l09,500,006 $tl1l!1,222,112 21,183,272 f Y. Y. M. 0 . A. {HFoormeiegnDiDviisviiaslilon$85$0l,,0W69S,788 } 1921 W. O. A. . . 1J Hom.e mvis~on $1,392,161 1922 ForeIgn DlVIS10D $397,650'

*From living givers through the permanent boards and agenCies constituted by the national bodyexclusjve of contrJbutlons made to educational institutions directly, L eo, not through an agency of the national body. HARRY S. MYERS, Secretary, DeCember, 1922. 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City. 132

MBTHODS

a EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 844 DREXEL BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

THE SHAME OF EMPTY ARMS "IS THE BOX YOURS?" "Is the box yours 1" queried the There was undisguised scorn in the next porter, in chilling tones. tones of the dignified porter as he "Yes," again confessed Dr. Scudsurveyed the stack of eminently rcspectable bags which added yet more der, "the hox is mine." dignity to him and to his car. Along- The box might have contained any of a number of things. It looked as side was a plebeian box of unwrapped undisguised corrugated pasteboard. '

With Pinkertonian insight the por- ter swept the little group of passen- gers until he met a pair of contrite blue eyes.

"Yes," admitted Ida Scudder, "the box is mine."

Gingerly taking the string which seemed in adequate for its heavy re- ~ponsibility, the porter- sighed with professional resignation and put the box under his arm.

There were four of us in the party.

Our baggage consisted of a suit-case marked " 1. S.," which was the property of Dr. Ida Scudder, Presi- dent of Vellore Medical School, India.

A second case bore the initials "G. D.," indicating that Gertrude Dodd, the Treasurer of the school, was with Dr. Scudder on this trip as she has been with her in so mnch of her work. A third suit-case was marked "E. F. P." It belonged to DR. IDA SCUDDER (right) AND MISS President Ellen Pendleton of W elles- GERTRUDE DODD (latt) WITH ley, whose clear insight and outlook THEIR CHRISTMAS BUN DLES had estimated the importance of the FOR INDIA seven union colleges of the Ori ent in the world's future, and whose great if it were originally designed to carry heart had made .room for the cam- about four dozen bottles ' of malted paign of these colleges at a time when milk. Or it might easily have housed W ellesley was also issuing its own several kittens, or perchance have call. Lastly came myoid black bag, packed away a small wardrobe.

and then–the box. In Milwaukee we' again faced a W e were starting on a trip to some porter's reproachful eyes and the solenmity of his interrogatory indictmid-Western cities for a series of ment-"Is the box yours?" Again luncheons and dinners and mass meet- Dr. Scudder confessed guilty owner- ings in the interest of the Women '8 ship. Then she told us apologetically Union Colleges of the Orient.

133

about the box. She'd been traveling ,Oh, the shame of our unburdened arms! The disgrace of our empty constantly every day for months and h~nds! H0'Y many there are who are Wlrthout. qI:rIst and Christmas because speaking for the colleges. There had responsIbIlIty rests so lightly upon us. How many brave hearts there been no time to send off Christmas are that are fainting under unshared burdens. How easy it is to work on a pr~sent~ to India. Unless they were task instead of working under it.

maIled:n November, Christmas would DIVIDING RESPONSIBILlTY come WIth no presents for the foreign The congregation was assembled in annual meeting. The hour set had and native workers at Vellore. She a.rriyed, but the pastor had not. Ques- tlOl11ng looks were directed toward had slipped out to the stores and had the door and a growing impatience was evidenced. One of the elders bought numerous gifts, hoping to took charge and called for a hymn. As the hymn was finished the door wrap an~ mail them, but there had ope?ed and the pastor appeared stag- g-ermg beneath a load of boxes and been no hme, so they had been hastilv envelopes. A dozen men sprang for- ward to help him with his burden. thrown into the big box to be packed Together they managed to get all the load to the platform. ut the next stop. Then the pastor began his annual :'I hate to bother all of you with address. It was different from the annual addresses of other years. thIS poor old box," she said "but I :'My people," he began, "it is very just can't let Christmas come' to those eVIdent that your pastor has a heavier load than he can carry. It is also (lear tired workers over there with no e~i~ent that all of you are eag-er to dIVIde the weight of the burden bemessages from America." tween yOU. For the coming year we want not only these men who Sj')rang At Milwaukee there was a luncheon forward so spontaneously to help, but everv member to take some nart of then a tea at the CoIleD'e Club a din' it. I have made the mistake of trying to carry too much alone." All 'over ner and a mass meetin"'g, then' a dash the room members were opening envelopes and reading the assignments for the train. A courtly host put the for service!

baggage in his large car. t , Yon are a~ked to assume special re- " 0 h, is the box yours T" he in- sponsibility for the colle!?" boys "nd girls of the con<n'egation. See that all announce· quired' as Dr. Scudder came forward ments of interest anil in"itations are maile<l. to them. Plan special affairs for them duro with it in her arms. ing vacations and enlist their interest and At St. Paul and Minneapolis the aetivities in every way possible. (Jall on any other members yon need to form a next day there was scarcely an extra committee to assist you." minute between luncheon at the Uni- **• versity Club, an afternoon mass meet- t, Will vou :lrrnnge a· service for every ing, the College Club dinner and the first Runoay afternoon of the year at th·e Countv Alms House ~ This Sunday has been evening's broadcasting, but'at night Rssigneil to our church. We count on you to get your own orchestra, automobiles :md as we boarded the train Dr. Scudder's helpers. "

weary arms still held the box.

Past the Mayo brothers at Roches- ter, Minnesota, where she longed to stop to observe new methods in sur- 1<ery, we went. In the cold dawn at Madison, we astpooordteor.utsiOdeurthbeagggaagt'e~ waiting for was heavy, and there was also-the box. There was only one meeting at Madison and by evening the packages were all wrapped and on their way to India, and at night we boarded the train in boxless respectability, but we knew that Ida Scudder had emptied her arms only to fill them again with another load. We knew that if one responsibility had been met it simplv made room for another to be assumed.

To us Christmas in India had been a matter of good wishes. To her it had meant burdened arms.

BEST METHODS

"There is a great unused opportunity in "What wonders he could accomthe careful distribution of worn clothing plish in the church if he could only among the poor and needy. Will you, in see that his church calls for the same consnltation with the men and women listed quality of ability!" thought the below, take charge of this and make and carry out plullil for the collection and dis- pastor. tribution of clothin g' " One day he called on him.

<0 " .. "Mr. B, I want you to get under a big business proposition. Our con- , 'The pastor has been staggering along under the 10lld of editing and circulating our parish paper. As an experienced newspaper gregation has been offered a wonder- man you can do an exceptionally fine piece ful opportunity of taking in an entire of work aR managing editor of this paper, while :You make it possible for the pastor to mission station in India. There are speak his weekly messages thr'ough it." three hundred thousand people be- tween it and the next station. Ten * * ti· thousand dollars is all that is asked "Will you be one of the fifty girls and boys who are going to read to the shut-ins, for this year_ I'm sure the man who carry flowers and cheery messages, and do everything possible to make sunshine under put the – – corporation over can put this proposition over, too." the direction of Mrs. – – , " There were various arguments and "Will you work and pray especially that protests. '

the following men may be led to the "I'm going to leave this thing on Saviourf" *"• your shoulders," insisted the pastor. "It seems rather hard for me to come No one 'except a pastor with a in and unload on you three hundred strong committee that had for many thousand souls, but, I know you can days studied a congregation of three carry it if you 'II get under it fairly. " nundred members and considered the The result? The load transformed work to be done and the capabilities the layman. The man who had been of each member could have outlined content to ease his conscience by dropsuch a plan and program of service as ping a few small coins in the collecwas presented in the various assign- tion basket faced squarely his responments. sibility. He called together half a Leadership of mission study dozen men of large affairs he knew in classes, circulation of missionary the church. "If we'11 get tog-ether literature- a full program of churllh with a thollsanil apiece that will start and community and world-wide mis- it off so we can get the balance in sionary service was provided. Absent smaller amounts." he told them. He members also received their assign- preparf'd splendid publicity about ments. "Our Parish in India. " As he talked .Of course, not everyone did the to others, his own conviction deepwork, but there were enough who did ened. He became intensely interested to transform that congregation into and active.

an active aggressive community and Thus did a load transform a lay- world force. man.

A LAYMAN TRANSFORMED BEGINNING AT,THE BEGINNING He was used to doing things of Pu,tting Young People to Work_ telescopic proportions in his business and things of microscopic propor- A certain congregation had enjoyed tions in his church. The pastor for years an annual, miS!sionary prowatched him swing, with a masterful ~ram prepared by an elderly woman. hand, the affairs of his company. He She announced one year that she saw him take over another corpora- simnly could not take the responsition that had failed and turn failme bility for training the children. Coninto success when he got ullder the sternation reigned. Dire and doleful load. forecasts were made. Suddenly some one said, "There's a girl here who is

studying expression at college. She room in order, arranged flowers and gets up fine things for the club and chairs and books. She played the she's never done a thing in the church piano, and gave the Bible lessons because nobody's ever asked her to do and told the stories. She received anything. Let's turn it over to her." the offerings and deposited them A cautious voice suggested, "She's in the bank. When she had to very young. She might not know how give the work up, there was no one to go on with it. Her friends said, to go about it." ., What a wonderful woman she is t Since there was no one else who No one can ever take her place. When appeared to be even a possibility, the she dropped out, the children all girl was asked to take charge of the stopped coming. They were so demissionary program. She was used voted to her." They thought they to doing things with her whole heart were complimenting her and she reso she went about it with a vim that ceived their words with tired satisenlisted the eager interest of all the faction. children. The other woman selected a half The program was successful. An- dozen older girls to assist her and other worker was enlisted and a pair assigned various responsibilities to of over-burdened arms relieved to the them. Instead of making ready the lasting advantage of a pair of arms place of meeting herself she announced that had heretofore been empty. that boys and girls who were born in January would be January hosts and The Responsibility Whick Trains hostesses and so on thro' the year. She Children: "We used to have ready- played beautifully herself, but she was to-wear meetings made for our chil- never pianist at the meetings except dren," said a worker. All the chil- in an emergency. She interested a dren did was to attend. Now, the young music teacher who secured an entire responsibility is placed on the orchestra of haH a dozen pieces. She children and I simply superintend the prepared her Bible lessons so a dozen work. Our pianists are ten, eleven, or more children took part. When and fourteen. All three of them play she gave a dramatization, she called at every meeting. One plays quiet a group of mothers together and exmusic before the meeting, and accompaniments. Another plays hymns, plained what was needed and had each and the third plays for the flag salute one assume responsibility for the cosand the march. Our little president tume of her own child. is only twelve, but she knows parliamentary practice better than half The older girls learned to tell the 1he .presidents of adult societies in our lesson stories. The treasurer received the offerings and deposited them in state. . the bank.

The treasurer has his bank account When the leader had to give up the and check book and is learning to work, the responsibility was so di- handle finances correctly. It has been vided and so many workers had been an absolute amazement to me to see interested and trained that there was how the children are carrying the no break in the activities.

responsibility and. work since it was A Discipleship Test-The Taken- definitely assigned to them. Up Cross. One day as the Lord walked Two Wa.ys of Working and the Re- and talked with His disciples He gave suUs: They were both good women, them a discipleship test. "If any intensely interested in missions and man would come after me let him in the ~hildren, but their methods deny himself and take up his cross and follow me." Most of us carry were different. One woman prepared only the inescapable burdens. The programs for the children's society Lord calls for voluntfjers to take up most carefully. She worked for many loads and responsibilities and we go hours on her Bible lessons. She went on our way with unburdened arms. early before each meeting and set the

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY SARAH POLHEMUS, 25 MADISON AVE., NEW YORK Executive Secretary of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions NEWS NOTES FROM INDIAN 'upper-room' which we have used COLLEGES until now. This was originally part The Building Campaign for the of the stables, (but Christianity after Woman's Christian Colleges is over, all began in a stable) and is dear by but the Colleges, their work and their its association, but the new one will desires are still of great interest. be more beautiful and spacious. Given Messages from members of the fac·ul- by an American, designed by an Engties who have just come to America lish Quaker, and built under the diwill aid to keep them in our minds rection of an Indian Episcopalian, it and add color to the study of India. will, we trust, be yet another sign of tbe intercontinental unity which has Miss Thillyampalam, an Indian made our College possible. lecturer at Isabella Thoburn, the oldest of the India Colleges, is study- "Plans are made and in general aping at Columbia, and gives this mes- proved of-the great new Science sage: building which we so urgently need "The enrollment is unusually large and the ground is marked out for it.

this year.· Only four members of the Our Science Staff is American, (Miss ~taff are able to live in the main Edith Coon, Mt. Holyoke, now study- building; with all the dormitories ing at Toronto, and Miss Eleanor filled with entering students, and the Mason, Wellesley) and they are long- Deaconess Home overflowing with ing for the funds from America for second year students, and a few of this new building. Why do we need the older students, there was nothing it V Because India is realizing its for the rest of the staff to do but hoist need for Science. Every year the a roof somewhere else. The Lahue number of our Science students in- Bakhsh (part of an old palace) friends creases but we have to turn them took compassion on them and between away after the first two years (except showers carted their possessions into those specializing in Botany) as we place. All the rooms had to be wired have no laboratory equipment for ad- for lights and fans, and bathrooms vanced work. Every year we lose had to be built in several instances. some of our best students. The Uni- The music room has been appro- versity of Madras to which we are priated as a dining-room for teachers affiliated only recognized our Science between class and practice hours. Courses on the understanding that The whole of the main fiorr in the better a<!'commodations would soon be study is filled with study tables, and provided. Most classes now have to the platform is used for Chapel. be divided and the instruction re- We have eight Mohammedans in peated on account of limited space.

the boarding department and two as day students, and four Hindus, of Successes of the Women's Christian whom two are boarding pupils. One College, Madras Mohammedan student is taking her M. A. in history." 1.. In examinations the students of the college fa,r excel the men. This '*' .'*' '*'

From Madras Christian College, year, 25 out of 27 students passed the Miss Coon and Miss Brockway write: A. B. examination, and the average " A new chapel is being built to re- from Madras University is not more place our over-crowded bare little than 30 per cent. Two students ob- 137

tained a First Class in English, and out of the fourteen passed fully, three one a gold medal. did so well that they were reexamined in October. 2. ,There is a new enthusiasm for social service: In the seven medical schools of the Madras Presidency (six men's and (a) A little school for the children one women's, Vellore), 400 students of the servants which means went up for their senior examination. the sacrifice of leisure time. There was a great slaughter and only 85 passed and ten of them were our (b) Visiting outcaste villages, Vellore girls, and @ur tenth girl passed washing the babies, tending fortieth on the list, so our girls were those with sore eyes, distrib- all in the first half. One of them uting simple medicines, play- stood at the head of the Presidency ing games, etc. in Obstetrics. . There were so many applicants from (c) Establishing cooperative banks the Mission Hospitals. for our gradu- to break the curse of debt, the ates that there were not enough to power of the money lender. go around.

3. The old students are breaking One of our graduates asks that through prejudice and living lives ot after she has finished her time in the service. One is working amongst out- hospital where she is to get practical castes in Travancore, one is teaching experience under the guidance of a at Mukti, .the home founded by the missionary doctor, she may be sent great Indian woman, Pandita Rama- to some village dispensary where she bai, and one is helping at the National may reach those who are far from hos- Missionary Society Hospital. pitals; so she is going to' be placed Recreations and Out-or-School Ac- with a Bible woman who will act as chaperon in a village with 72 vil- tivities lages around and a popUlation of SO,- 000 where there is no medical help at 1. Lectures and debates are much all. Pray for this student. more interesting than in previous years as political, social and educa- One of our graduates who was on tional questions are discussed. her way to the hospital to which she had been assigned, broke the journey 2. In August, 1922, at the time of at a place where there was a governthe University Convocation, the Col- ment hospital in charge of an English lege gave an entertainment in honor woman, who said she was greatly in of the women who received degrees need of help and begged our student this year at the convocation, the ma- to stay, offering her twice the salary jority of whom were from the Wom- she would .get in the Mission Hospital an's Christian College and the Gov- as well as full fees of any private ernment College for women. To this patients she might have (as is not a:lentertainment were invited all the lowed in Mission Hospitals) free quarwomen in Madras, Indian and for- ters, a bandy or cart to go to any outeign, who were university 01" college calls. Our student refused the temptgraduates. The College Dramatic So- ing offer saying she had received all ciety gave "Julius Calsar" and the her education in mission institutions performance was described by one of and she was glad to go to serve in a the faculty as "an immense success Mission Hospital. and a real pleasure to remember." At class day exercises last March From Vellore Medical School, we copied Vassar, but had not a daisy Doctor Ida, Scudder, the founder, and chain but a Jasmine chain or rope Miss Gertrude Dodd tell us: which the Freshmen carried on their "Our first class finished their four shoulders. year course in April, last. The class There are 88 students now in the started in 1918 with seventeen members, and fourteen held out and went Medical School.

up for the senior examinatiQU!? 'l'eu

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK From the report' of the committee on Hebrews of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions presented at the Annual Meeting in 1922.

HEBREWS I has been slowly developing a con- The Jewish problem has lately been siderable anti-Sem:tic s.pirit. This up for open discussion in America. spirit, so foreign to American ideals, The popular magazines, as well as the is not to be accounted for wholly as daily and weekly press have given the reflection of a European state of consideration to various aspects of the mind, nor by racial antipathy, or P08- ever-varying subject. Your Commit- sible religious animosity. Certain tee is convinced that the time has racial characteristics, both natural come, indeed is long overdue, when the and acquired, must also be recognized.

Christian Church must face earnestly The Jew is by nature aggressive and and courageously the situation that masterful. His aim, wherever he goes, confronts us in our country today. is to reach the top; and he is not 11.1- America, within the PaBt few years, ways scrupulous as to the methods he has become the largest Jewry in the employs. Shrewd, clever, and indus- world. According to the latest esti- trious, he may be also cunning, selfish mate there are now 3,750,000 Jews and unprincipled. It is only fair to in the United States. If the probable recognize, however, that these traits Jewish population of the world is have very largely been developed by 15,000,000, then one-quarter of the the ill-treatment which he haB re- entire number is in America. In ceived at the hands of nominally Metropolitan New York there are Christian people. A race like the 1,750,000 .Jews. This constitutes an Jews, denied ordinary human rights extraordinary community, the life of and oppressed and persecuted at which has never been seen in the every turn, inevitably resorts to craft world before. Warsaw, the largest and guile in self-defense. These are center of Jewish population in Eu- their chief weapons against injustice rope, has but 300,000 of this race. All and force. The Jews, therefore, along of the countries of Western Europe, with many noble qualities, have together with the countries of South brought from the lands of their op- America, Canada and Palestine com- pression characteristics which call bined, have not as many Jews. There forth resentment and opposition. The are, moreover, in the United States resu1tant anti-Semitism we must not 160 other cities having a Jewish popu- on1y deplore, but resist and condemn lation of 1,000 to 300,000. as alien not only to the Christian The Hebrews are not only here in spirit, but the spirit of America.

large numbers, they are becoming in- From the standpoint of his reli- creasingly influential. America to the gion. the influence of America upon Jew spells "opportunity," and he the Jew has been disastrous. Liberty responds with resolution and eager- is not conducive to the maintenance ness to its challenge. He is the fore- of arbitrarv restraints. Having found most exponent in the land of the freedom t; participate in social and American spirit of "getting on." In political affairs, and in industrial and the rea1ms of law, medicine, educa- commercial activities, he has rebelled tion, journalism, finance, commerce against the distinctive restraints and and politics his influence grows apace. customs of his communal life. Juda- Side by side with this enlarging ism, which by the repressive and cruel Jewish prosperity- llP.q. ip.fiuence, there measufll3 ,of Eastern Europe was 13~

driven in upon itself and intensified, would earnestly urge upon the various is now threatened in America by the boards a careful consideration of the greatest peril it has ever faced- need and opportunity for a Christian liberal toleration. The effect of ministry to our Jewish neighbors. A American education and the contacts service so Christlike and vital to the of social and business life has been future welfare of the Church and the to make the requirements of the an- nation can no longer be left to the cient faith irksome and unendurable. haphazard efforts of independent and The great mass of the people have irresponsible agencies; it must be abandoned the synagogue and are re- made a part of the church enterprise. ligiously adrift. In their search for some religious equivalent many have The primary need is the cultivation adopted soeialism, with its doctrine of of a Christian attitude. We must set human brotherhood, as their religion, ourselves against every form of antiwhile others have gone to worship at Semitic propaganda. No nation that !mch strange shrines as Christian calls itself Christian can deny its own Science, Theosophy and Spiritualism. ethic and successfully preach its faith. A very large number are frankly ma- We must seek to interpret to this peoterialistic and give themselves unre- ple the spirit of genuine Christianity. servedly to the pursuit of pleasure When the sympathy of the Church is and the acquisition of wealth. reaching out to all other races in our land, it is surely time that we should Among those who hold to Judaism, give some consideration to the race of great changes have taken place. The Jesus. They have a claim upon us old type of orthodoxy that seeks by a that no other people can advance. To multitude of legal requirements to exclude them from our missionary regulate the life of the Jew in all its program is unthinkable. Perhaps details from the cradle to the grave is more than any other people are the now lightly esteemed. Only recent Jews responsive to sympathy and immigrants and the very old are kindness. When the Church purges strictlv observant Jews. The Re- her own heart of all prejudice and formed Jew, in his mode of life and bitterness and presents Christ to the thought, has departed far from recog- Jews not only with her lips but her nized Jewish standards. The customs life, it may well be found that they of worship have been changed almost are the most responsive people that beyond recognition. The prayer shawl can be found in all the world. and phylacteries have disappeared; Hebrew has been discarded for the There is also needed by the Church, vernacular; organs and choirs, though if we are to accomplish anything expressly forbidden, are regularly worth while, a policy – not at the used; the men worship with un- present time detailed plans, but a covered head. and the women's gallery policy-generous, far-reaching, imhas given piace to the family pew. perial and worthy of oilr American Perhaps most significant of all is a Christianity. The Jewish problem is changed attitude toward J esliS. Jews in its essence a religious one, and the of liberal tendencies no longer deride responsibility for ,its solution rests His name, but acclaim Him as one of their own prophets. The New Testa- upon the Church. But it must be conment is no longer a forbidden book. sidered in a large way. Spasmodic, This opening of the mind in some timid and half-hearted endeavors will measure to the person and words of not avail. A lonely missionary here and there, laboring with inadequate .Jesus cannot but have its spiritunl effect and open the way for a fuller equipment, having behind him an appreciation of His liJ'e and work.. apathetic Church, not at all sure as to the worth of the work, is certainly In view of the present condition of not an adequate way to meet the our American Jewry your committee greatest task that has ever challenged American Christianity. Yet, only

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

seven of the denominations repre- pared with last year, while in six sented in the Home Missions Council others there was a marked increase. have attempted even this. What is In the School at St. Petersburg, needed is a policy, outlh,ed in the Florida, with an enrollment of 496, In Church's name by men of clear vision twenty-two states were represented.

and large sympathies, and carried out De Land, Florida, and East Northby those specially prepared for the field, Massachusetts, with an enrolltask, supported with adequate re- ment respectively of 297 and 503, sources and invincible faith. twenty states were represented. We must also recognize that the time for a thoroughgoing ministry to There is a general increase in the the Jews is now. The need and the number of cooperating denominations opportunity add urgency to the duty and in uddition to those cooperating of the Church. Never before have the the number represented in attendance Jews listened so sympathetically to is of great interest, as, for example, ChristillIl teachers. Many minds .are in Boulder, Colorado, where six de- now open to the impress of Christian nominationS cooperated and fifteen truth. We cannot afford to miss the were represented, and De Land, tide. What will it profit if we min- Florida, where three denominations ister t.o the needs of all other unevan- cooperated and fifteen were repre- gelized peoples and pass this people sented. This extended participation, by-the most virile, the most te- though not in full cooperation, pre- nacious, the most persistent, intellec- sents an encouraging field for culti- tual and self-willed-to add to the ma- vation. The leaders in several of the terialistic and irreligious forces with Schools have expressed a very earnest which we already have to deal T By desire that the Council through the , further neglect we but multiply our women's boards, urge the affiliation of existing diffi(lUlties. In this time of denominations represented but not change and of new beginnings for cooperating. Israel, God is providentially calling ~o the Churches of America to do for thIS Two SchooJ.s.—De Land, Florida, people, so highly favored in t~e past, and Wilson Co).lege, Chambersburg, what has not been attempted SInce the Pennsylvania, each report six coun- days of the Apostles-bring them into tries other than the United States contact with a vital, conquering Chris- represented in their registration.

tian faith. At the sessions of the Schools of Missions women are frequently brought face to face, for the first time, SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS* with the Nation's problems in their Home Mission implication. Through The Schools of Missions affiliated the discussion and conferences leader- with the Council of Women for ship is developed, incentive to service Home Missions report, for the year is furnished, and a ioealization created 1in9f2l2.u~inncec.reasTihneg interest and extended that effective contact of the individual total registration at must begin in her immediate sur- the seventeen schools was over 7,100. roundings.

Boulder, Colorado, held a session this We believe that it is a true inter- year with a registration cf 475, fifteen pretation of the reports of the Schools states being represented, and 112 text- to say that interest in Home Missions books were sold. Following an inter- is increasing. Thousands of women mission of two years thiil record is impelled by this interest, coming to- encouraging. Eight of the schools gether each year, giving and receiving report last year somewhat of a de- jnspiration, and going home to fields crease in the total registrations com- of service the country over, can but ~m the report of the edmmittee on Schools help in the solution of the Church's of Missions of the Council of Women for Home problems, which are also the problems of the Nation. at MiSSions Mrs. John Ferguson, chairman, pre- sented the Annual Meeting In 1923.

fROM .MANY

CHINA less there was something of which Aims of ChiJlese Church they knew nothing which could help MR. T. T. LEW, in his address at him. If Chri~tianity could do this for the Shanghai National Christian a man, they wanted to know some- Conference set forth the aims and thing about it. A strong Christian aspirations of the Chinese Church as community of earnest men is now follows, says the Chmese Recorder: growing up in this region, and its be- ginnings all lie in the quiet, patient, (1) Be a fearless fighter against sin. consistent example of a man who (2) Be a faithful interpreter of Jesus. kept his self-possession under such exasperating conditions. (3) Stand as the flaming prophet of God.

(4) Be an obedient disciple of the Holy Spirit.

(5) Be a worthy teacher of the Bible.

(6) Be a genuine servant to the Chinese The Gospel in IJldnstry people, thus making her own contribution to the world, in such a way as to free her DR. SHERWOOD EDDY, accomof being stigmatized as a foreign institution. panied by his brother, Rev. Brewer Eddy, a secretary of the (7) Be a defender of Christian unity and American Board, and Rev. Stanley comprehensiveness. .Jones, a missionary from India, (8) Be a courageous experimenter in cooperation.

"Such is the Church," says The toured China from the first of Oc- Life of Faith, "which the Chinese tober to the middle of December, Christians need, which the Chinese conducting meetings sometimes simul- Christians are praying for, and for taneously in one city, and sometimes such a Church many will be willing in different cities. Their message was to lay down their lives." mainly evangelistic, though in indus- trial centers emphasis was laid on the UDCODscious Evangelism application of Christian principles to industrial problems. The Chinese Re- SEVERAL small groups of men, corder reports that at Chefoo as a numbering some twenty in all, result of the campaign the Chinese came recently ,to the chapel at Chi- Chamber of Commerce decided to Tsun Chen, in' the Fenchow field, adopt the minimum industrial stand- Shansi Province, and asked to be ards adopted and recommended by the taught the doctrines of the Jesus re- National Christian Conference. There ligion. They were all found to have is a growing feeling that the Church come from a village twelve miles away, must take the lead in making these and when the native pastor asked standards effective. where they first heard about the new religion, they replied that 'six months before, during the famine, they had A Chinese Wo:man's Work been at work on the road. All their THE CONGREGATIONALIST re- work and measurements had been 1 ports that Miss Janet Nguk Leng reckoned and their pay checks for Ro, of Foochow, China, who gradu- famine relief issued by Dr. Watson, ated from the Boston University a representative of the Christian faith School of Religious Education and and the Christian Church. They had Social Service last .June, with the de- seen him day after day and month gree of Bachelor of Religious Educa- after month besieged by mobs of tion, has assumed direction of a Chi- hungry men, working under condi- nese parish consisting of thirty vil- tions where no man could have kept lages. The missionary work in this patient and restrained his temper un- parish is under the general direction 142 ' of Hua Nan College, which is the cent of the amount grown in 1907- Methodist women's college of South in other words, not less than 7,000 China. A big temple in the center of tons of opium yearly. The fight must the valley is the community center be again fought. The battlefield is for the thirty villages included in the not quite the same, for we are not parish. A Sunday-school has been now dealing with the India Govern- organized in each village. Miss Ho ment and its millions of revenue de- is the general superintendent of the rived from the trade, but solely with educational work of this large parish. the Chinese people…. Opium in She also directs through-the-week ac- China today is almost exclusively a tivities, consisting of health lectures, domestic product, the amount stereopticon demonstrations, etc., de- smuggled into China being almost signed for both children and adults. negligible except in Manchuria and a few East Coast provinces. Without A Chinese Governor's. Gift opium some of the fighting of the last GENERAL LU YUNG-HSIANG, few years would have been impossible Military Governor of the Province and at this moment poppy taxes are of Chekiang, recently gave $1,750 maintaining troops in several prov- (gold) for an outdoor gymnasium inces. In fact the narcotic habit is for the Hangchow Union Girls' High slowly but surely forcing its way into School, to be known as the Lu Yung- almost universal use. The other part hsiang Gymnasium. The name was of the truth is the cultivated desire . consented to by the donor only at the on the part of the Chinese for narearnest request of the alumnre asso- cotics which is the product of several ciation of the school. He is the first centuries, and only by education and Chinese official in Hangchow to give enlightenment can the mind be taught as large an amount as this to mission- to recognize the physical and moral ary work in China. This gift was evils resulting." .

made as a result of the influence of Mr. K. T. Yuan, the head teacher of Use of Phonetic Script M the school, and shows that Chinese ISS lWEMCKE, of the C. I. M., writing from Chaocheng, Shensi, are able and willing,.on the one hand, to give, and on the other to solicit says: "During 1921 we have been funds for missionary work. " We able to have five classes for women, hope," says the Chinese Christian who teaching the Phonetic Script as well writes in Missions of the occurrence, as Scripture, each class lasting three , 'that friends in America will realize to four weeks. Eighty-seven women that Chinese have arrived at the time have received instruction, and thir- when they can appreciate missionary teen of these attended two to three effort. Continued financial support crlasses. We have been encouraged to from America will undoubtedly stim- see the increasing hunger for the ulate even more generous giving in Word of God, and rejoice in having China." the whole New Testament in Script for our women."

The Re.turn of Opium Another worker, Mrs. Mason, of WRITING in The Chinese Re- Kwangchow, Honan, reports in corder, W. H. G. Aspland issues China's Millions: "Weare steadily a stirring appeal to the missionary making progress with the use of the body to resume the methods by which Phonetic Script, and the people are the first fight against opium was won. understanding the benefit of it through He says: "Since 1918 the gradual seeing illiterates reading fluently.

recrudescence of poppy cultivation Very many women and girls have has resulted in China's producing learned or are learning to read-some under circumstances far harder to quickly and others more slowly, and control not less than twenty-five per you will like to know that many men

i44 THE MiSSiONARY REVIEW OF THE WClRLb [:E'ebrnary

throughout our whole district are in- JAPAN-OHOSEN terested and taking it up. This is Japanese Police Attitude largely the result of the Bible THE Japanese police authorities posters." are taking a new attitude toward various questions of religion and Benefits of Opposition super~tition. For instance, a police THE Review has referred to the bulletlll recently issued states that Anti-Christian Movement in Chi- Shintoism throughout Japan is bena, of which President A. J. Bowen, coming very corrupt, that there are of Nanking University, says in his' many religious propagandists workannual report: "This agitation would ing in many districts and that any of hardly have secured the notoriety it th.em coming to the notice of the police did had it not been headed by the wlll be arrested. There are now thir- Hon. Tsai Yuan-pei, President of the teen minor religions, according to the National University, Peking. The notice, which are being urged by their movement carried on for a time a followers, and the police ask that the rather widespread propaganda against general public be not deceived by the Christianity in certain magazines and statements of the propagandists. The papers, but the criticisms of Chris- banishing of an old superstition was tianity were in general so sweeping shown by the Tokyo police, who failed and contrary to the facts, and the to recognize damage done to the home leaders were, apparently, so lacking of a Mr. Saisuke Katayama by a in constructive plans or policies, that mikoshi as the "vengeance of the gods" and arrested the perpetrators. it has had relatively little influence, and seems to be dying out. It has oTrheshorlidnebeclairerfiewdasthtrhoautghthtehemisktoresehti~ by no means been a harmful thing for Christianity or the Church. It by a surging and noisy crowd of has brought Christianity to the attention of multitudes who otherwise youths, if it struck against a house showed that the gods were angry with the occupant. If there happened to would have given it no attention, and be a person in the neighborhood who it has stimulated the leaders of the was especially ~npopular for some Church to greater zeaL" recent act or failure to do what was expected of him, the mikoshi was very Oatholic Missions in Ohiua likely to strike his house, and in some THE organ of the Catholic Stu- communities this indication of the dents' Mission Crusade, called The wrath of the gods was followed by Shield, devotes ten pages of its Oc- violent acts by the gods' human repre- 'sentatives. "This doesn't go with the tober issue to China, presenting a Tokyo police any more," says the large amount of varied and interest- Japan Advertiser. ing information. We learn that there are today in China about 3,000 Sis- Chris'tian Progress in Japan ters, of whom 1,928 are natives. There are more than 17 distinct na- 'l'HE outstanding Christian fact in tive sisterhoods in China, with 1,201 members. There are two orders of .1 Japan is the organization in May native Brothers with about 45 members. There are about 2,400 priests of the National Christian Council and also 1,000 native priests. In 1918, which is uniting the labors of misthere were 48 major seminaries and sionari.es and Japanese churches in 41 preparatory seminaries, with an one national movement. An interest- ing sidelight on the growing influence of Christians is the report that Chris- tian leaders in Tokyo appealed to the enrollment of 576 and 1,872 candi- Japanese government to remove the dates, respectively. In 12 years there Mimizuka monument which was has been an increase of 25 seminaries. erected· in Kyoto "on the spot where

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the ears of Koreans were buried at Temperance Union, has been fighting the time of the conquest of Korea by Hideyoshi Toyotomi in 1597." This the cause of women of the underreminder of cruelty, the Christians claim, should be removed. Growing world. Christian Century. out of' this appeal "the officials at Tokyo took opportunity to consider A New KOl'ea whether all the war trophies in different shrines and temples cannot be I N. October last Sherwood Eddy disposed of in some way." Christian wrote from Korea, where he was education is enjoying a period of un- addressing night after night audiences precedented prosperity. With the ex- of from three to seven thousand ception of theological schools, all people: kinds of Christian schools from kindergarten to university, are nearly all "Two forces are today shaping full to overflowing. Some of the Korea under the providence of God. more popular boys' and girls' schools There is the inner, silent, spiritual of high school grade have five or six leaven of Christianity working times as many applicants as they can through churches, schools, hospitals, accommodate. An editorial in one of and institutions, permeating the life the prominent papers suggested that of the leaders of the nation. And to relieve the scarcity of dwelling there is the outward, iron framework houses the hundreds of temples which of the ste~n, efficient militaristic rule on one street extend for more than of Japan under the fine Governor ten blocks, might be used for dwell- General Baron Saito. Both of these ings. -The Christian Century. forces are playing their part in the reshaping of the nation, and as a re- The Wo:man Move:ment sult we are witnessing in the pangs of travail and suffering, the birth of MANY recent news items from a new Korea….. Everywhere you can Japan show the development of see rising the modern schools, hos- "the new woman" there. For in- pitals, churches, and institutions, for stance, Mrs. Hideko Tamamoto has the training of the new leaders. Stand been appointed secretary to the Osaka in Pyeng Yang and you will see bemunicipal education department. This. fore you some fourteen churches atis the first municipal position to be tended by 10,000 Christians, and a occupied by a woman in Japan. In score of modern institutions for the Osaka also a Woman's International training of the spiritual leaders of Association has been organized "for the new day. In Songdo the modern the promotion of friendly intercourse mission college stands beside the old between foreigners and Japanese" and temple of the God of War. In Syen membership is open to those who Chyun where I am writing, my classspeak some English and who desire to mate, Norman Whittemore, entered in promote good international relations. 1896. Twenty-five years ago he found The first women's political meeting 60 Christians here. Today there are was held in Kobe, May 10th. This GO,OOO ChristianB in the district, with was the day on which the police regu- churches, schools, hospitals, and instilations prohibiting women '8 attend- tutions for training the rising generaing political meetings were revised. tion. The 300,000 Christians of Korea The leading speakers at this meeting are not only self-supporting, they are were: Mrs. Nobu Jo, one of the great also conducting their own missions Christian social workers of Kobe; successfully in China among the Chi- Mrs. Kagawa, wife of the well-known nese, and among their own people in Christian leader, and Miss Utako Ha- Siberia and Manchuria. Nowhere in yashi, now in this country, who for the world does one see more Clearly years through the Women's Christian the contrast of modern missions a"gainst the dark background of a 5 backward and degenerate heathenism of the past."

Figures of Korean Progress sessions all to God, lie down and sleep clear through till morning." T HE three-year campaign carried on by the Presbyterian Church in J[orea Mission Field. Korea, with Rev. W. N. Blair, D.D., as its secretary, was referred to in INDIA the December REVIEW. Dr. Blair has since forwarded the following statistics All India Would Be Christian of the Korean Presbyterian Church for the three '!<'orward Movement REV. .A. G. COWIE, of Rawalyears. pindi, India, writes in The Mis- sion Fi-eld: "I go down to the munic- 19~O 1921 1922 ipal library as much as I can. Many disa'/l'ected (Hindus, Mohammedans, Korean Ministers 180 208 240 Sikhs, etc.) congregate there to read Helpers …….. 353 362 464 the papers. .A member of St. .An- Total Churches .. 1,921 2,090 2,307 drew's is honorary librarian. He tells me that it is most difficult to keep Baptized during 5,603 8,461 10,535 the peace between the excited dis- the year 62,748 65,984 70,188 putants. One day the talk was about hindrances to social union caused by 'rotal Baptized .. the caste system, and it was acknowl- Catechumens reo edged that all the caste rules were not as beneficial as they were in the ceived ……. 8,002 12,349 15,640 old days….. However, it was sug- gested that caste could be removed Total Adherents. 153,915 179,158 187,271 with advantage to the country. 'Oh! no,' said a Hindu. 'Impossible! Ii Children in Sun· we do away with caste the whole coun- day School … 40,929 56,790 67,955 try will become Christian.' "

Teachers in Sun- day Schools. . . 9,783 10,453 14,522 Children in Pri· mary Schools. 17,208 29,115 39,362 Academy S t {I • dents …….. 982 2,752 5,809 College Students 56 135 295 Total Contribu· tions …….. $287,998 $355,355 $532,619 .As all Korean Christians attend A Complaint from Lucknow Sunday-school the total Sunday-school ~~B.ABU ENGLISH" has provided attendance is about the same as the many an entertaining hour for total adherents. .American readers, and the latest specimen is a letter of complaint from Korean Testimonies . an importer in Lucknow, which the COLPORTEUR KIM, of Chung Ju, Department of Commerce has made was preaching on the market- public, for the benefit of American place. .A Christian in the crowd manufacturers of toys. Readers are heard an unbeliever say: "Look at left to guess what" lits" is supposed that man's face! He used to be one to mean. It reads: of tlle worst drunkards, gamblers and "Honored Lits and Clients. Hop- fighters on the market-place here. ing all's well, we apologize for undue Now his face is full of joy. I wonder procrastination in furnishing neces- what made the change." sary reply to your last esteemed of Grandmother Yu was being exam- bygone date. Peradventure, we are ined for baptism. "Wh:lt benefits at fault, be ours the blame and burhave you received from faith in den, also contrition. Jesus 1" " Many. I will tdl you of "Honored Lits. The elephants is one; though you may not think it gone off instanter and ditto the tigers. important, I do. Before I was a The leopards is too much deficient in Christian I never slept through a' spots for our cIimate, so pray be night without starting up and lying watchful and we will watch over you. awake, sweating with fear lest the e"yil The sample wax dolls is all running spirits were bringing some disaster on away, owing to equatorial heat of our family or property. Now when Indian summer. So noses per doll the sun sets I commit family and pos- and nine cats is come with only seven

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tails. For which our values will make Christian Advocate, with the statesome necessary deductions on funda- ment that now that Gandhi is in cusmental basis of one nose per biped and tody, "some of the reverence with one tail per animal. Admonishments which he was regarded attaches to his of your honors packing department is wife' '–surely a new point of view our good·advice to you that the same for lndia! may not come to pass again." Scotch Centenary in India Quoted by the Outlook of M1·ssions from the Phila. P71blic, Ledger. THE year 1923, according to Rev.

Dr. Maekichan of Bombay, marks Gandhi and His Wife t~e clo.se .of the first century of Scot- MRS. SAM HIGGINBOTTOM tlsh mISSIOnary effort i~ India. The wrote from Allahabad in November: "Last week-end Sadhu Sundar members of the Scottish Churches Sin~h was i~ the city for two days of specIal meetmgs which were held in a have been wont to date Scottish misschool courtyard four miles from here. Everyone of our students was sionary enterprise in India from the there and some of the non-Christians have had serious talks with the Pro- year 1830, which saw the arrival at fessors about Christianity since. The meetings were the best attended ever rCeaallcbuetgtainonfinAg lteoxoaknpdlearceDwuhff~·n but the held in Allahabad and nearly a hun- Donald dred people raised their hands for prayer the last service….. Owing to Mitch~ll, ordained by the Presbytery t~e changed attit~de of the people SlUce non-cooperatIOn broke down I of Nalrn and sent out by the Scottish am most cordially welcomed in the homes and the little girls are sent 2: Missionary Society to Western India gladly to the two schools. The two untainted girls of lepers who were landed in Bombay on January married last year teach one school. I 1823. From this small beginning have have recently started a night school sprung all the Scotch missions in Western India-those in Bombay and the surrounding district, in Poona and the Deccan, and in the Nizam '8 Dominions. In these fields 63 Euro- pean missionaries, men and women, are now at work; in all India the Scottish Churches have nearly 600; today there is a Christian community in Western India numbering between for bOJ:s and men who work. Many four and five thousand, with six or- are takmg advantage of i t~osormk eiswoavlker- ganized congregations, and a large ing four miles after t heir band of Indian Christian workers, in order to attend. Just tonight my both voluntary workers and agents in husband has received a letter from the service of the Mission. The edu- Gandhi from the prison where he is cational work has advanced from the confined and which he calls his 'place simple village school to the college, of sacred retirement.' He thanks my through all the stages, vernacular, husband for a copy of "The Gospel Anglo-vernacular, and high school, a~d the Plow" and while he disagrees leading to Wilson College, which has WIth him on much in i~t hi'tchherethaarnek sometimes had more than 1,000 stuhowever, things about dents, undergraduates of the Bombay God, I can heartily agree with you, University.

the chapter about lepers I hold to be the best.' Since he went to prison the Converts by Force Return people are very much more friendly DURING the Moplah rebellion on the west coast of India many to us than ever before and certainly Hindus were forcibly converted to Mohammedanism. Their position is the interest in Christianity was never one of extreme difficulty. Their forcible conversion has excluded them before so great in India." from the caste to which they formerly In this connection it may be of interest to note the picture of Gandhi's wife, which recently appeared in The

belonged. The way of return is The New Caliph for Islam I hedged with obstacles. Numerous efforts have been made to secure the SLAM has been struck down by members of its own household in return of these persons to the caste and religion to which they were for- the words of an Indian followe; of merly attached. ~f they return, they Mahomet. The Turkish Sultan who pl~ce themselves III great danger, for was also spiritual ruler over ail the Moslem millions, has been forced to It IS the creed of many a Moslem that ~enounce his throne, and is a refugee death is the only penalty for an apos- III Malta under British protection tate. A meeting has been held in and Abdul Medjid Effendi a cousin' Calicut, and resolutions agreed to has been elected Caliph by' the Turk~ after a heated discussion, showing ish Parliament sitting at Angora what penance must be performed by though they denied him the Prophet'~ the person who wishes to return to sword, the insignia of temporal power Hinduism. Apparently there are when they clothed him with the Proph~ various stages of conversion manifested in outward signs, and therefore et's mantle. But like the imperial exile the penance varies. In the case of at Doorn, the refugee at Malta, we are told, still lays claim htoashinsotthraobdnie~ men who have simply had the tuft of contending that as he hair cut off and repeated the kalima, or Mohammedan confession of faith, e9aatleidphaanted, was not deposed from- the and of women who have had their he is still Caliph, the spir- ears bored and wear Moplah jackets, ltual ruler of the Moslem world….. the victims must take panchagavya, It remains to be seen whether the or the five products of the cow (a 200,000,000 Mohammedans outside most disagreeable combination), for Turkey will like the idea of having three days at any temple, make what- their spiritual head appointed by a ever offerings they can, and repeat the few Ottoman Turks.

names of Narayana or Siva 3,000 The Literary Digest.

times every day.

Bishop Azariah's Success American Interests in Turkey THE appointment a few years ago COMMENTING in December on of the first native Indian bishop, the Lausanne Conference, the Azariah, was widely commented on Outlook said: ' '.All this discussion because of its significance for the fu- has brought out the fact that there ture of the Church in India. Recently are important American interests in word has come that before his retire- Turkey about which we have a right ment the Bishop of Madras gave to to be heard. For instance, Dr. Gates, Bishop Azariah, of Dornakal, the full for many years the President of Robepiscopal jurisdiction over the four ert College, in Constantinople, which districts in which the two great mis- is the largest educational institution sionary societies of the Church of in the Near East, declares that the England, the C. M. S. and the S. P. G., Kemalist Turks for the future will are working. By this act Dornakal not tolerate any minority population, becomes numerically the second and that the Christian minorities have largest diocese in India (Tinnevelly already practically been driven out, has the largest Anglican population). so that the twenty-five thousand pu- Under Bishop Azariah are some sixty pils who were in .American-managed Telugu clergy working among 1,000- schools have disappeared and the 000 Christians. A new cathedral, for schools are closed. Naturally, Dr. which the money has been subscribed Gates, Dr. J. L. Barton, of the Amerby Indian Christians, is to be built in ican Board, who is also in Lausanne, Indian style to replace the small one and others interested in American inof wood and mud which has served ~titution8 think that those institutions, the diocese hitherto. as well as the Christian minorities

1923J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

and the exterritorial rights, should be tion; the Afghan consul to Teheran protected in so far as they are Amer- passed through here last year, but now ican by separate treaty with the we have here an Afghan consul of our United States." The American Board own. It seems to us a sign of the estimates its money loss at $2,880,000. opening of the Hermit Kingdom that is coming so fast; and we think more A Factory for Men and more of that little trip across the border to Herat,' that has been our- WHEN a Persian nobleman, a dream for so long! Recently three old Mohammedan, appeals to the men from Kabul arrived. They said American Legation to compel the mis- they had been six months on the road, sionaries to admit his son into the traveling on foot, to reach our hos- American High School- when the pital, for they had heard of it there. " principal of the aforesaid high school is kept almost as busy refusing pupils An Advance Step in Mesopotamia because of lack of room as he was accepting them the first few weeks- AMONG the many consequences of when boys travel nine hundred miles the W orldWar is the enlarged by caravan, a sixty-day journey, in or- opportunity for missionary work in der to enter this school, remaining for Mesopotamia, the land between the years without returning home, thus ne- Tigris and the Euphrates. The cessitating a Boy Scout camp for the Church Missionary Society, for years summer-·when. the son of the Prime at work in Mesopotamia, has with- Minister is kept on the waiting list till drawn with the expectation that the a vacancy occurs-when a list of the Boards in territory adjacent.:-Arabia parents of these boys reads like a to the South, Persia to the east, and 'Who's Who' of Persia i-then we rea- Syria to the west-will carryon the lize that there is a flood taking place in work. As this territory is now under Teheran in which all live Americans the British mandate, active mission ought to be interested." So runs a work is far more possible. The Restation letter from the Presbyterian formea Church in America and the Mission in Teheran, Persia, concern- Presbyterian Church North sent ~epu­ ing a school of which the Persians tations in 1920 and 1922, .respectIvely, say, "The Americans have a factory to visit this field. Both deputations in Teheran where they manufacture joined in a recommendation to the men. " five boards of the Presbyterian-Re- formed family to occupy Mesopota- The young men trained in this mia jointly; providing five stations school are exerting an influence out of with a married man and a single all proportion to their number. They woman missionary at each one of the are found throughout the length and five. The stations proposed are at breadth of the Empire in positions of Bagdad, Mosul (old Nineveh), Hillah honor and trust. It is the earnest (old Babylon), Kerbala, Bakllba. desire of the mission to develop the The Reformed Board and the Presbyschool now into a full-grade college, terian Board North have approved of and Dr. Robert E. Speer says of the this joint occupancy, the work to be plan: "I believe that no greater need administered by a Committee of rep- Dr opportnnity for a Christian college resentatives of all the cooperating can be found than the need and op- boards' and negotiations are proceedportunity in Teheran." ing with the Boards of the United Presbyterian and the Reformed A ConSUl froUl Afghanistan Church in the U. S. Already the Reformed Church in America has a MRS. R. E. HOFFMAN, medical representative in Bagdad, and the mi$sionary of the Presbyterian ~t:esbyterian Church, North, has one Board in Meshed, Persia, writes: in Mosul. "The coming of an Afghan consul to Meshed is an event that demands men-

AFRICA Honor' -a young men's purity movement making no religious dis- Marvels of Progress tinction in its appeal-and the paper Orient and Occident, issued first of T HE Cameroun region in West Af- all to reach educated Moslems, but rica, where American Presbyterian soon finding a wide constituency missionaries are at work, has proved among Copts and Protestants, have one of the most responsive mission owed their success in part to the fields in the world. Within twenty generality of their appeal. The exyears the Church in Cameroun has perience of the American evangelistic grown from small beginnings to over work teaches the same lesson, the Mos- 700 congregations, with more than lems proving to be most accessible in 100,000 adherents, 30,811 church villages where there are Copts and members, and thousand~ in training Protestants, and coming more freely for membership. In 595 Christian to a meeting with Christian friends schools, where the Bible is a chief and neighbors, than to one more extextbook, nearly 25,000 pupils are elusively for Moslems. So the Mosgetting a practical education. Before lems get accustomed to attendance at the missionaries came, there was no Christian meetings, and the Copts t() written language, and in the spoken evangelistic effort; and when any language there were "no words for Moslem begins to be an inquirer there home, heaven, hope or thanks," for are Christians able to give him a the people had no such ideas. Mis- helping hand." sionaries supplied both the ideas and the words.. Last year the Cameroun A Former Persec",tor Baptized. Church .contributed for Christian work in its own country and in other FOR the past eighteen months the lands $18,899 out of incomes averag- Christians in the interior of Iboing not over three dollars per month. land, Southern Nigeria, have been It supported its own churches and subjected to fierce persecution by the paid the salaries of hundreds of Af- heathen members of the Okonko club, rican men and women emploied as whose ringleader was an old chief, pastors, teachers, colporteurs and Wogu. Some months ago he, his son, evangelists. Not one cent of Amer- and another chief became convinced ican money was used for the support that they were wrong, and asked to be of the churches. enrolled as inquirers. The son has since died, but on May 21st Wogu was The Church in Egypt baptized. He has severed himself from his wives, from the Okonko club, I N a recent article in the C. M. S. and from the superstitious customs of Review on "The Policy of the his country, and desires to be known Christian Church in Egypt," Rev. as a follower of the Lord Jesus Christ. G. T. Manley, after discussing the Coptic Church, which he says' has New Words Needed "large numbers, great traditions and a living patriotism," continues: AMEDICAL mission among the Moru people of the Anglo-Egyptian "Recent efforts to reach Moslems on Sudan has recently been opened by the a large scale have shown that the best Church Missionary Society, with prosresults accrue when men are ap- pects of much success. The Moru proached, not as Moslems or Copts, language hitherto has not been rebut as sinful men needing a Saviour. duced to writing, and the doctor's first Where Christians as well as Moslems work was of necessity to find a means are being addressed, the latter will of understanding his patients. listen with patience and toleration Through the medium of Arabic he has even to the story of the Cross, which gradually gathered a number of would arouse bitter opposition if they words, but naturally found nothing to alone constituted the audience …. The recently formed 'AUiance of

1923J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

express a motorcycle. The Morus, list to be presented to the Church this however, soon coined a word: "dub- year. It is our confident hope and dub, " basing it on the noise made by expectation that when the marvelous the machine when heard from a dis- story of accomplishment and oppor- tance. A camera became the "shadow tunity for Africa has been told in our box, " and it waR found that apart churches, this amount of money will from "shadow" there is no word for gladly be given by the Presbyterians "spirit. " How to explain the Spirit of Ohio." of God is a difficulty awaiting solution. EUROPE Slavery Yet in Africa The Brea.k in the C. M. s.

THE League of Nations, according REFERENCE was made in the to the Evangelical Christian, has January REVIEW to the existing had under consideration the reports of friction between different elements in slavery in Abyssinia, and it is clear that greatest of missionary bodies, the from the discussions that a prima Church Missionary Society-the chief facie case has been established. Not question at issue being the authority only in Abyssinia but in other parts of of the Scriptures. The latest report Africa is there well-founded suspicion is that the conservative theologians that slavery in one form or another have formed a new organization, "The exists. The fullest investigation is Bible Churchmen '8 Missionary Sonecessary, and the remarks of some of ciety," of which its supporters say the Continental nations that have in- that i~ is "the real C. M. S." terests in Africa naturally lead to a feeling that all is not well. No co- British Student Volunteers lonial power ought to be afraid of frank inquiry. The interests of hu- THE report of the Studcnt Chrismanity are at stake and humane ad- tian Movement in the British Isles ministration can fear no effort to dis- for 1921-22 states that during that cover inhumanity. year 150 students joined the Student Volunteer Missionary Union, and con- Ca.mpaign for Cameroun tinues : "The prevailing diffidence throughout the country on the whole BECAUSE Rev. W. H. Hudnut, question of the universality of Christ, chairman of Ohio Synod's Com- due not only to a wider knowledge of mittee on Foreign Missions was sent the religions of the East and their in 1921 as one of a commission to visit good qualities, but also to the growthe Cameroun Country, West Africa, ing refusal on the part of the best the Synod of Ohio voted to conduct students to accept any conventional from Nov. 12th to Dec. 18th a cam- presentation of Christianity, is partly paign in the interest of the West responsible for this shortage. The Africa Mission of the Presbyterian number of foreign students in this Board. A letter sent to all Presby- country who are rightly presenting terian pastors in Ohio, reads in part the good things in their civilizations as follows: and their religions, and showing us what contributions their countries are "After visiting all of the stations, going to make to the thought and traveling over fifteen hundred miles, carefully examining the presentequip- progress of the world, coupled with ment, and considering the imperative the failure of our civilization in the needs for enlargement and extension, war, hIlS created in the minds of the Commission, in council with the thinking members of the student body' Mission representatives, recommended as well as of the general public a to the Board an additional minimum considerable doubt as to the superiorexpenditure of fifty thousand dollars ity of Christianity which has been al. for property. The Board has included lowed in the past to go unquestioned. these items in its approved property This attitude is all to the good. There

is now very little danger of any stu- ing was for a single student to enter dent joining the Student Volunteer a certain shop to make a purchase, and Movement without knowing exactly to observe that he would gladly have what it means to be a missionary in made such a purchase, but for the these days." fact that the shop-keeper sold indecent post-cards. This was followed by a Church Army Evangelism second student, and so on throughout the day. Very soon the offence was T HE Church Army in England pos- removed from every shop in Dresden. sesses a great variety of agencies, probably the best known being its Gospel Hunger in BelgiuD1 evangelistic tours. Practically every diocesan bishop is patron of the THAmEeBrieclagniahneaGdoqsupaerltMerisssairoen~tw1h0o3s1e Church Army, and every diocese has Walnut St., Philadelphia, reports its mission van, in charge of one of the Church Army officers. Through an unprecedented opportunity for every part of the diocese this van makes its way, and at the stopping spreading the Gospel. Mr. Ralph C. places the officer in charge preaches the Gospel, visits the people and car- Norton writes: "The other day we ries on a special mission agency. He IJeVer sojourns in a village or small received a petition from the City of town without the approval and encouragement of the parish clergyman. Braine Ie Comte, signed by seventy- Last summer the Church Army conducted a series of Crusade Marches. four people, earnestly beseeching us to Commencing about the second week in June and continuing until the end open a hall. We have been told that of July these pilgrims visited 375 parishes and gave their witness at there were 300 people who would have nearly 1,200 outdoQr gatherings and at 560 indoor services. It is estimated signed the petition. These Christians that 30,000 visits were paid to homes en route, and a rough calculation by are being visited in their homes and the officers shows that no fewer than 435,000 people listened to the Cru- they give gratifying evidence of a new saders' witness in the open air and about 90,000 in buildings. life in Christ; and yet, three months A Students' Crusade have passed and they have no place THERE is evidence of a moral of worship! A building in this place awgkening in Germany, says the British Bible Advoca,te. Professor would cost about $3,000. One stu- Konig, of Bonn, has been telling of a crusade for social purity. The cru- dent with a wife and three children sade is being conducted in several large towns by young men who are offered to mortgage his salary for high-school and university students. In Dresden the police were unable to twenty years to ~uy a building there, stop the sale of indecent postcards in several shops. Months of endeavor on but of course we could not permit this. the part of civil authorities had brought no result. The demand was So far thi& year over 300,000 pieces there, and the sale went on. But the sale in the' whole of Dresden was of religious literature, of which some stamped out in a very short time by the students. Their method of work- ] 00,000 were Scriptures, have been distributed and what results have fol- lowed! There is a young man in the Bible School now, studying for Chris- tian work, who was led to Christ by a gospel given hitn by one of our col- porteurs. This is only one case. There are many others. Our workers report hundreds of .people in the land who are reading the Scriptures who have never read them boelfdo,ret.oldAonnoeldoflaoduy~ sixty-eight years workers the other day that she had not heard the Gospel until this sum- mer, nor ever heard of anyone in her village who had ever heard of it, or ever seen a Bible! This distribution continues and increases and we are seeking means to purchase a million gospels at a cost of about $7,500."

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

The llible in Germany the maintenance of order in the higher FOLLOWING a visit from the schools. founder of the World Pocket Testament League, Mrs. C. M. Alexander Methodist Work in Siberia of London, there was organized iIi the town of Gevelsberg the first BISHOP BOAZ, of the M. E. Pocket Testament League in Germany. Church, South, reports from Pa~tor Sc~loemann of Gevelsberg wntes of thIS: "If our hard-struggling Vladivostok: "The sessions of the German nation is to arise and blos- mission meeting were full of interest. som once more in our days the help The preachers made most excellent will not come from any Conference reports and manifested profound conof the Entente, any stabilization of cern in the work of the Kingdom. the falling Mark, any transformation 'Vork was started in this field in Febof the government. That which alone ruary, 1921. The Mission was forcan truly help us is a return to the faith of our fathers, the use of the BmiaslhlyoporWgaanlitz~erdRo. nLAamugbuustht fpirtset~i1di9n2g1: precious Word of God, which still has ~he power to make men happy and At the openmg of the Mission there Joyful and blessed. We believe that were two missiouaries and two orthe Pocket Testament League in its dained native preachers. Three other preachers were licensed, and fourteen ux;-as.sun;i,ng method really has a great appointments were made some of mISSIOn. Early in November more them being supplied by' exhorters. than 10,000 evangelical Christians in There were two hundred and twenty- Hamburg, old and young, men and four church members in the Mission. women from all ranks of life held a During the session just closed seven procession and assembly on what they men were. licensed to preach; three called "Bible Sunday" taking as were ordamed deacons, and two other' their slogan, "Our Most'Sacred Treas- deacons were received from other ure-the Bible." churches. Twenty-three preachers w~re appointed to as many charges, WIth a total membership of 1,212. One y~ar ago there were thirty con- lligotry in Rumania gregatIOns, and now we have one THE Government of Rumania has hundred and twenty-nine, with 6,911 adherents. Last year 652 yen had been receiving from various ele- been collected, this year 11,123 yen. This may seem a small sum, but· it ments of. the popUlation protests manifests a remarkable growth. The preachers are going to their appointagainst religious persecution. The ments filled with enthusiasm and de- termined to make this year better Baptist Congress, which brought to- than the last.

gether in the city of Buteni 325 dele- LATIN AMERICA ol gates from all parts of Rumania de- voted one session to accounts the persecutions which had bteheenKeinndgurwead~ and a vote of protest to taken. In Decembel' the news despatches from Bucharest stated that New Life in Me:o:ieo W a deputation of representatives of the REGINALD WHEELER, an leading Jewish organizations waited • assistant secretary of the Pres- on King Ferdinand to complain of byterian Board of Foreign Missions continued acts of violence against writes of a recent visit to Mexico; J ~ws, perpetrated by students of the "A final impression, in addition to hIgher schools, who, it is alleged are that of the visible attempts to main- incited by their teachers. The Gov- tain political and military stability ~rnment has prohibited mass meetings of the racial diversity of the people: m all parts of Rumania and an- and of the beauty of the natural nounced that inspectors of schools scenery, was that of the currents of will be held personally responsible for new life, largely American and Prot-

estant in origin, that are running to- tangled hair fell over the shoulders day in channels formed long ago by on the gaudy brocaded robe he wore. Spaniard and Roman Catholic. Ford The dirty cloth with its torn lace, cars traverse the ancient streets, ad- covering the board on which he was vertisements for votes for this or that carried was not shabbier than the representative of the RepUblic adorn mean little £gure with its tawdry robe the monastery walls; the spire of a which was supposed to represent the Protestant church rises in the very One who is the effulgence of God's shadow of the great cathedral. glory and the express image of His Trenches newly-made and occupied in person. After him came the Virgin, the last revolution zigzag along the always the most resplendent figure in hillcrest on which stands the Bishop's any procession or collection of images. palace built nearly three hundred Two others followed, the Apostle years ago, a symbol of the violent re- Peter bringing up the rear with a action of the people against unfair large rooster spreading his wings on a and unscrupulous privilege and power pole which he carried. Climbing the whether military or ecclesiasticaL" hilly street they came, to the strains of slow, weird music, and as one Union Evangelical Training scanned the faces endeavoring to read the thoughts, expecting to see some ONE of the mightiest forces for the signs of the devotion which is sup- evangelization of Mexico is the posed to accompany these religious Evangelical Seminary, in Mexico City. acts, the impression one received was Rev. O. W. E. Cook, writing in The of absolute indifference on the ma- Missimwry Yoice, says of the faculty: jority of faces. Nevertheless, here "We believe they have laid in the and there one saw a face full of unlives of the students a firm foundation satisfied longing, a pitiful, child-like, upon which will some day be erected questioning expression, that surely a united and efficient Evangelical denoted the heart-hunger within." Church in Mexico. None {lther can finally win the day here, and none Gives His Home to God other can truly meet the desires of those who are laboring on the fi'3ld REV. H. r. LEHMAN, of Uruat the present time. This year's class guayana, Brazil, writes in The is the third that has graduated, and Missionary Voice: "I want to tell in some respects the 'best yet.' There ;rou briefly what God has done in the were four members, representing heart and home of a dissipated brickthree denominations-two Methodists, layer who began to learn the truth a Presbyterian, South, and a Friend through the reading of the Word and -who now go into places of activity who was converted about a year bein their respective churches." fore we came to Uruguayana. Before his conversion he had learned of the Holy Week in Salvador tithe and began giving his tenth shortly aft:er his conversion. But he AWRITER in The Lati1t A.merican soon decided that a tenth was not Evangelist describes as follows a enough and asked the pastor to help Holy Week procession in Cojute- him deed over his entire home, humble peque, Salvador: "Up the'stony street though it be, to the Lord. He is 'not the procession came, lighted by married, but supports his old mother, candles in the hands of barefooted wbo also consented that they should women. Shoulder high in the middle give everything to the Lord." of the street were borne the images, five in number. First came the image NORTH AMERICA of Christ from whom they had now removed the heavy cross which he had Interracial Results been carrying earlier in the day. The figure was bowed with grief and THE Commission on Interracial Coweariness, and bunches of coarse, operation has issued a report of "typical achievements" in the South

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

during 1922. This includes activi- fective missionary work at home and abroad. 'fhe following figures indities to "curb mob violence and in- cate their expansion in non-Christian lands during the past forty years. justice" iKn eAnltaubcakmy,a,TeGnneeosrsgeia~, South Carolina, Okla- hOI?a, Arkansas and Virginia. Legis- 1882 1922 latIOn to secure increased public Foreign missionaries ……. 8 331 Converts from Paganism …. support for Negro schools was pro- Conversions in one year …. 0 25,00() Mission schools ………… moted in Kentucky and Oklahoma. Mission school pupils …… 0 3,131 Hospitals, dispensaries … . . . In the latter state a law was secured Patients treated ……….. 0 233 Native helpers …………. providing support for Negro schools Printing presses . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 10,933 Sunday-schools. . . . . . . . . . . .. equal to that for white schools. Sim- Sunday-school pupils ……. 0 36 Property value abroad…… ilar educational activities have been Home Churches contributing. 0 277,515 0 1,574 fostered in Tennessee, Louisiana, 0 4 Arkansas, Georgia, South Carolina 0 275 and Florida. A press service and 0 24,661 platform publicity have been widely 0 $1,384,787 f 5,001} influential in creating better under- What fruitage will the next forty years show? standing between the races.

Southern Baptist Centenary Vaeation Bible Schools THE exhibit, parade and pageant, A T the annual meeting of the In- staged by the Baptists of Missis- ternational Association of Daily sippi at the annual state fair at Jack- Vacation Bible Schools, which was son on the occasion of the first cen- held in New York late in November, tennial .anniver~ary of the founding there was reported an increase of at of BaptIst work m that state, provided le~st thirty per cent over last year, an informing and inspiring publicity WIth a total estimated number of program. This included a parade 5,000 schools, 50,000 teachers and containing floats and representatives 500,000 children. The International of every Baptist institution and ac- Association is a clearing house for the tivity in the state, which moved promotion of the Vacation Bible through the principal business thor- School Movement, which is fast takoughfare of .Jackson on the morning ing its place as a part of the threeof Friday, October 20th, which had fold Religious Education Program of been officially designated as Baptist the Church, including the Sunday, Day at the fair; well assorted and the week-day and the vacation sesdisplayed exhibits of every institu- sions. According to the most careful tion and interest among Mississippi estimates, 2,362 schools were con- Baptists in a large space in the main ducted, 1,000 schools under Baptist exhibit hall at the fair, which had auspices, 1.000 under Presbyterian, been rented for this purpose; and an 700 under Methodist, 150 under historical pageant in front of the Christian, 300 under United Brethren grandstand on the fair grounds in the and 600 under other denominations, evening, the tableaux in the pageant while 1,000 were conducted under b~ing interspersed with stereopticon union or community supervision. The slIdes, some of which were pictorial in average cost of the schools reporting their nature, but the larger number this figure to the central office was carried brief, pointed and informing $1.12 for each child in attendance. statistics upon Baptist work and growth in Mississippi, the South, Work Among the Indians America and the world. AREPORT of the Presbyterian Forty Year's Progress Board of Home Missions says that ] 33,000 Indians can speak English, THE Disciples of Christ are a wide- 91,300 can read and write and 83 462 awake, growing part of the Church are citizens. About 100,000 Indians and are conducting a large and ef-

are registered as attendants at the An Alaska Brotherhood services of some church. Farming is the principal occupation of the In- THE natives of southeastern Alaska dians. For example, there are ap- have combined in forming The proximately 1,500 Choctaw Indians Alaska Natiye Brotherhood which, acwithin the borders of Mississippi, cording to Mr. William L. Paul, who remnants of the tribe that once re- is Secretary of the "GTand Camp" sided in the state, and that removed of this Brotherhood, "embraces practo Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) tically every native in southeastern in 1832-33. Practically all of these Alaska with the exception of the Indians are farmers and land for them Tsimpshheans and Metlakala, who is the key to the situation. The were originally under the Canadian American Baptist Home Mission So- government, who speak a totally ciety is carrying on considerable work different language, and being the only in Nevada, Arizona, and Northern reservation Indians in Alaska, are California, but sees many openings separate and apart in thinking and which it cannot enter for lack of problems." The Brotherhood's profunds. Of the In~ian population in gram calls for advancement in moral Canada, the Roman Catholics are look- and mental development, in coming after 44,000, the Anglicans 22,- merce, and in politics. Most of the 000, the Methodist between 15,000 and leaders of this movement are gradu- ] 8,000, the Presbyterians between ates of the Sitka Training School, 2,000 and 2,500, the Baptists about which was the forerunner of the ],300. Sheldon-Jackson School. An annual convention is held when subjects like "I Want That Spirit" the following are discussed: the fu- ture of the natives of Alaska; better NOGALES, Arizona, is on the in- schools; fisheries, their depletion and ternational line running between the remedy; better politics, why every t.he United States of America and the Indian should vote; and the place of United States of Mexico. Immedi- religion in the Brotherhood. An ately opposite is Nogales, Sonora. The open forum is conducted on these combined population of these cities is subjects. about 19,000, and with only an imaginary line running between them Cooperation in Canada in the center of International Street, their problems and interests are much REPORTS of the Home and ForthB same. Rev. O. A. Smith, Congre- eign Departments of the Methgational minister on the Arizona side, odist Church of Canada were prewrites in The American Missionary: sented by their respective secretaries "Last week a man came into our of- to the General Conference at its refil'e, somewhat emaciated, and address- cent meeting. Rev. C. E. Manning, ing the secretary through the inter- D.D., Secretary for Home Missions, preter said: 'I want some of yOUl' said that the most outstanding develreligion. ' We asked why he addressed ·opment has been in the matter of us thus. He replied: 'Last winter I cooperation among Presbyterians, was ill; so was my family. We were Congregationalists and Methodists, a nearly starved to death as well. Had movement which had its inception in it not been for your immediate re- 1908. This movement is not to be sponse with .food, shelter, clothing, confused with the local union church physician and medicine, we would movement, which is a different thing. have died. You did not know UB; Before the coming into effect of this we are aliens; but you saved us. It cooperative movement the situation certainly could be nothing but your on some of the circuits, particularly in religion that would cause you to be so the West, was often very, embarkind to strangers and foreigners. I rassing. The service which cooperawant that spirit.' " tion has made possible does not mean that the people are left without the

1923J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

preaching of the Gospel, but simply over 20,000 pilgrims go to Mecca each that where Methodist and Presby- year. Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer has terian churches were both holding recently visited the islands and has services, usually at the same time on addressed nine public meetings in the same day, only one service is now Dutch, and three in Arabic. He was being held and two congregations are especially impressed by the need for worshiping together. It has effected a vigorous effort for young men in the saving of thousands of dollars each great cities, Semarang, Soerabaya, year and made possible the carrying Batavia and Bandoeng. There is no on of work elsewhere. The three de- organized Y. M. C. A., although the nominations are also cooperating very Salvation Army is doing a magnifieffectively in work for immigrants at cent work. The Dutch missions have the various points of entry. done thorough work and have organ- ized self-supporting churches of Mos- ISLANDS OF THE SEA lem converts, but they lack coopera- tion. There is a pitiful meagerness Loyalty in Loyalty Islands of Christian literature in any of the three great languages, Javanese, Su- ON the recent transfer to the Paris danese, and Malay. Everywhere the Missionary Society of its work in Moslems were eager to hear the Christhe Loyalty Islands, and the retire- tian message. Dr. Zwemer says: "In Sumatra I saw the wonderful results ment of Rev. J. Hadfield after forty- of fifty years' work among the Battwo years of service, the London Mis- taks, of whom there are now 200,000 Christians. There is great need for sionary Society received from native missionary reinforcements. The Gov- ernment is somewhat patriarchal, but pastors in Lifon and Uvea a letter, offers every facility and in some part of which is translated as follows: cases liberal aid to missions." "Oh, our first fathers! It is with weeping that we, the churches of Li- *** fou, and pastors of the same, pen these OBITUARY Jines of farewell to you our first fa- JOHN WANUfAKER died in Philadelphia thers in the religious life of Lifou, on December 12, 1922, at the age of eighty· be~ause we know now that you have four. Mr. Wanamaker was for years pres· really handed us over to the Paris ident of the World's Sunday School As· sociation, and maintained a life·long interest Missionary Society; it is well that in Y. M. C. A. and Sunday-school work, as well as in various Presbyterian activities. we should accept joyfully the arrange- BlfiHOP JAMES W. THOBURN, the well· ment you have made with ,the church known and highly honored bishop of the of France….. Thanks greatly for the Methodist Episcopal Church in India, died missionary you gave us, that is Mr. in Meadville, Pa., on November 28th at the Hadfield, to plant the seeds on every' age of 86. A sketch of his life will appear later in the REVIEW. side. He has planted and watered what he has sown, so we all rejoice *** and give thanks for the work Mr. Had- REV. GEO. C. Door.ITTLE, D.D., for nearly neld has done at Lifou. Thanks! thirty years a missionary of the Presbyterian Church in Syria, died on September 16th Thanks! to the L. M. S. and farewell largely a.s a result of overstrain brought on during his strenuous service during the war. until we meet, with Jesus, in our He had recently returned to America with country and His, and where we shall Mrs. Doolittle hoping to regain his health. One daughter is now a missionary in Syria. meet again our father, Mr. Hadfield, Dr. Doolittle was a very effective worker and had recently opened a new station for and our grandfather, the church at Arabic·speaking Moslems in Aleppo. He was always full of good cheer and in many London." L. M. S. Chronicle. ways manifested his wholehearted devotion to the people among whom he labored. Missions in Java THE population of Java numbers 35,000,000, or 700 people to the square mile. Only about 30,000 of these have been gathered into the Christian Church as the fruit of missionary effort. Islam is not strong, for the people are largely animists, but the Moslem press is active, and

MISSIONAll.Y 1]U8RAR1r

The Religion of the Primitives. By Most often brutally utilitarian. That is good Rev. Alexander Le Roy, translated by which is serviceable and pleasant. Rev. Newton Thompson. Pages xi, 334. Everything is sacrificed to personal New York. The Macmillan Company. mterest; in that contaminated atmos.

$2.50. 1922.

With several very competent prede· phere, egoism reigns supreme, as a cessors in the field, and prefaced by tyrannical master. Vae victis! The the non obstat of a Roman Catholic censor and the imprimatur of the vanquished are the weak, the slaves, Archbishop of New York, one might the wemen, the children. This, is the wonder if this volume were not a work barbarous morality which too often of supererogation and dubious as a conceals and stifles true morality in scientific production. tnthe black country." God, as seen by A careful reading of the book will e African as distinct from totems, remove all doubts. Its author has been fetiches and ancestral worship, is in· almost continuously in Africa since terestingly pictured in pages 113-131. 1877, and during these years he has His worship is described on pages 193- 198 which proves, the author asserts, been domiciled or traveling through. that the God thus addressed is more out both eastern and western Africa. real than A. Reville and his school He is open-eyed and a careful recorder believe. of what he has observed and investi· gated. He likewise has read much on It is in the opening chapter, which is well documented, that the author his theme. Consequently the discus· shows his orthodoxy as opposed to sion is at once scholarly and inform· most evolutionary views and the gen· ing. It could not fail to abound in eralizations of certain· writers upon specimen cases as he presents data the science of religion. He claims that and argument. It is most nearly like they are prevailingly a priori in their Junod's "Life of a South African discussions, while he follows the ill'- Tribe," though it confines itself to ductive mE(thod. Mr. Bryan would religion alone and is much more read- delight in much of this chapter. In able. his final pages one sees why Roman Chapters ii·vii discuss the primitive authorities should approve a volume which contains so much that is in the presence of nature, the primi- modern. In these " Conclusions,"

tive and the family, belief, morality, filling almost fifty pages, our "Su.

worship, magic. Then comes the perior General of the Fathers of the broader view when Africa is momen· Holy Ghost" includes much that our tarily left to itself while the Bishop best writers on the subject believe; compares' the religion of various prim· but he likewise reaffirms what some itive races, concluding with the as· of them disbelieve, and sets forth the sertion that religion is everywhere, Roman Catholic Church in a light the family is always the mainstay of which will cause Protestants to dissent religion and magic always its corrup- in the claims of Rome's exclusive pos· tion. Of these chapters the one dis- session. But on the whole, the volume cussing magic will be most familiar, is another source book upon Negro as the average reader thinks of Negro religion which ranks with the writings religion as fetichism, with little knowl· of Nassau, Roscoe, Junod, Willougby edge of the higher views of a hazy and E. W. Smith-a goodly company deity akin to God. Of magic the of devoted missionaries who, like our Bishop writes: "Magical morality, author, have spent long years in the if one may use the term, is purely and patient search for the glimmering 158 adumbrations of God which He has the chinks with such a program as granted the benighted African. this of 1899 : ' 'He had preached ninety sermons, given fifteen other addresses The Measure of a Man. The Life of William and lectures at conferences, attended Ambrose Shedd, Missionary to Persia. By twelve preachers' meetings and sev- Mary Lewis Shedd, with an Introduction enty-five other meetings. He had by Robert E. Speer. Illns., maps, 280 pp. visited forty-seven villages, seven for New York. George H. Doran Company.

1922. $2 net. . a stay of two days or more. There This son of a Persian missionary were two extended trips to Tergawar, appears what the title of the biography suggests until chapter viii is reached, and he had spent a week of prayer in when the Great War in its inception and progress evolves before the the City Church and Fisk Seminary. " reader's eyes a super-man of a type of which Nietzche had not dreamed. Separate chapters portray him as How to explain Dr. Shedd's ability to plan, devise, decide, direct, persuade, preacher and scholar, in hwisorhkomaendlifae~ and win as he did without believing in his legal and political an educationist and as missio'nary to Moslems-a difficult type of work for which he felt a special call and in which he secured excellent results.

that God was veritably present with Then came the War! Because of him, is most difficult. What his his legal relation to the Mission and famous prroecessor in the same city the Persian Government, and later to and in a similar relation to the Persian our own Government, days and nights people and Government, Dr. Joseph are filled with most difficult negotia- Cochran, accomplished ishererepeated tions and with attempts to maintain without a physician's handicaps and peace among quarreling Kurds and advantages, and with a vastly greater Nestorian Christians, between hostile load of responsibility resting upon him Turks and wily Persians, and working as a missionary and as an Honorary with Russian and British official rep- Vice-Consul of our Government. resentatives as they sought to maintain The' 'Man" is pictured in ancestry, order and prevent massacres. As if in his student days at Marietta College this were not enough, these troubles and Princeton Seminary, and in that brought to his doors, and almost to his bed scores, and later thousands, of Khoi-Salmas experience which was to refugees and poverty-stricken natives. him what Damascus was to St. Paul, Of course he was aided by his colthough rather in the way of a true leagues and by the Christians; yet vision of self not wholly devoted to his work and his God. With this final his is the directing mind, and he the experience of preparation, he was able bearer of the heaviest burdens. But to enter upon a work which he had finally the situation was too difficult known from boyhood, which he had even for our Super-mau, and he rebegun under his father's guidance, gretfully flees. In that perilous reand which a rich training had pre- treat he did not lost his steady nerve pared him to develop. Then the and unfaltering trust in God; but in- Urumia plain and the city itself be- sidious cholera germs finally attacked gan to feel his impact. In the College him, and in a few hours he was in he was principal and teacher of theol- Heaven, whrIe his sorrowing widow ogy, often making his own textbooks; was left to see his body interred in 'a after those duties were over, the Syriac shallow wayside grave made with the newspaper and other literary work aid of a small adze and feeble hands awaited him; or he was working on a -later found to be too shallow and proposed dictionary, studying Old so it enabled beasts of prey to devour Syriac manuscripts, helping in the the body which had been so unstint- College museum, and acting as trustee ingly given for years to Persia and its of an orphanage; and always when needy thousands. Well may Dr.

opportunity offered, he was filling in Speer say: "For nearly thirty years as intimately as a brother I knew him, demon possession. Objections to this his pure heart, his peaceableness, his view are chiefly due to unbelief in courage, his quiet power, his tender- evil spirits and to the lack of per- ness, his prudence, his freedom, his sonal experience with such manifesta- loyalty. He was one 'who never tions. Dr. White carefully presents turned his back but marched breast many well authenticated cases and forward,' trusting God." This is the distinguishes between them and in- sort of material one finds here-and sanity. He defines demonism, gives one thanks God and takes courage. his view of its origin and describes the methods of treatment and pre- Neue Christoterpe, 1923. Holle, C. Ed. vention that have proved successful. Mueller, Pub. Paper -280 marks: gift The book is of special value to Bible binding 320 marks. 240 pp. students and to -missionaries in non- Christian lands. This favorite German Christian year book, now in its 44th year, con- tains general reading matter in prose The Firebrand of the Indies. By:il. K. and poetry. The present volume con- Seth·Smith. 12mo. 149 pp. 48, 6d. So· tains a valuable article on the Refor- ciety for the Promotion of Christian mation in Sweden, and one by the Knowledge, London. Macmillan Co. veteran authority on missions, Julius New York. 1922.

Richter, on Christian Missions in the This historical romance is an in- Ferment of the Non-Christian World. spiring but very incomplete story of An interesting contribution on the the sacrificial service of Francis hymn ' ,Dayspring of Eternity", Xavier, the famous Roman Catholic missionary of the middle ages, who traces the history of this beautiful early carried the Gospel into India hymn from its inception to its use on and Japan. The story graphically the mission field, ending with transla- pictures Ignatius Loyola, founder of tion specimens in Nias and Sulu. the Jesuits and the early life and mis- There is an article on Steiner's An- sionary experiences of Xavier. It throposophy and its relations to The- describes the motives, the methods, osophy and one by Erich Stange on the difficulties and the results of their Work among Young Folks during the work but does not tell of the weakpresent crisis in Germany. nesses and failures of their mission.

Demonism Verified and Analyzed. By Like Don Raimon, the author's story Hugh W. White. Illus. 12mo. 155 pp. of Raymund Lull, this book is es- $1.25 net. Mission Book Co. Shanghai. Presbyterian Committee of Publication, pecially intended for young people Richmond, Va. 1922. and will inspire them to service.

Twenty-five years ago, Dr. John L. Hampton Institute Publications. The following pamphlets will be helpful Nevius of China wrote a book on to those studying the "Negro in "Demon Possession and Allied America" this year: Themes" in which he presented a careful study of the evidence and a 'J'rue Religion in Negro Hymns …. $0.10 discussion of the various explanations Education for Life (Educational offered. He did not, however, sum up the evidence or present his own Ideals of General Armstrong) …. .10 Fifty-Six Years of Negro Progress.. .10 final conclusions. Dr. Hugh White Building a Rural Civilization …… .10 of the Southern Presbyterian Mission J nte'r·Racial Cooperation in Georgia. .10 in China presents similar evidence Contemporary Poetry of the Negro.. .10 Lynching ………… . . . . . . . . . . .. Free and draws his conclusion that" demon Race Riots ………………….. Free possession" in China is clearly similar Negro Farmers of Virginia … ';" Free to that in Palestine at the time of Set of Hampton Pictures (27) …. .25 Christ. The testimony of Scripture These may be ordered from Hamp- and 0:1' Christian missionaries seem to ton Institute, Hampton, Virginia.

be clearly in favor of the fact of

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1920

XLIII NUMBER

SEPTEMBER, 1920 LIU.CHIU, THE FLOATING D~AGON c. K. HARRINGTON MR. PAIK EARLY SPRING TELLS HIS STORY A RESIDENT OF KOREA THE ALBANIANS, A FORGOTTEN RACE . MRS. SEVASTI K.DAKO THE WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN COLLEGE, TOKYO A. K. REISCHAUER CHINA'S NEED FOR CHRIST CHENG CHING-YE THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN BISHOP HUGH L. BURLESON MISSIONS IN THE HOME MRS. E. C. CRONK $2.50 A Y E A R " . , , : ; , . ; , > 25 CENTS A COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK 156 FIFTH AYE., NEW YORK

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CONTENTS FOR SEPTEMBER. 1920 Page FRONTISPIECE-A WAYSIDE SCENE IN JAPAN EDITORIAL COMMENT ……………………………………………. 753 THl, BOIJ,ING CAJ,DRON IN INDIA CHURCH UNION IN INDIA OPPOR'tUNI'tnlS IN GUATEMALA M,SSION PROBLEMS IN SAN'tO DOMINGO NON-CHRIS'tIAN LABOR CHURCHES JAPANESE CENSORSHIP AN OUTBREAK IN LOVEDAJ,E INSTI'tU'tE THE WORLD AND THE GOSPEL TODAY By V,SCOUN't BRYCE 761 LIU-CHIU, THE FLOATING DRAGON ………… By C. K. HARRING'tON 763 MR. PAIK EARLY SPRING TELLS HIS STORY By A RESIDENT IN KOREA THE ALBANIANS. A FORGOTTEN RACE .. By SEVASTI KYRIAS DAKO 779 THE WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN COLLEGE, TOKYO By RIlV. A. K. RErSCHAUER, D. D. 786 CHRISTIAN TRAINING E.OR JAPANESE CHILDRt£W.

aY;.HORA~~ E: COf$MA~ 789 THE WORK OF THE CANTON CHRISTIAN COLLEGE By MAHLON H. DAY 791 CHINA'S NEED FOR CHRIST …………………… ·.·.lBy DR.' CHENG CHING-YI THE SOUL OF.THE INDIAN ………….. By BISHOP HUGH L.BuRLESON 804 KOREAN CHRISTIANS IN ADVERSITY …. By RJlv. S. A. MOFFJlTT, D. D. 811 BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT MISSIONS 'IN THE HOMll ………………………… By MRS. E. C. CRONK 819 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN .. EDI'tllD BY MRS FRED H. BENNETT MIGRANt LABORERS NEWS FROM MANY LANDS …………….. '……………………. 824 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ………………………………………. 841 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00. in clHb. pi five.) Ifpreignpostage, SO <;ent~. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1920, by' Missienary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Coo"pe~stown, N. Y., .under 'the Act of M:air.ch 3, 1879.

THE MISSIONAIY REYIEW J'UB{,ISHINg COMPANY, Inc.

Robert E. Speer. President.' . . . . < -Prailk L. Brown, Vice-President. Del• .."an L. Pierson. Secreta!]', Walter McDou.$all, Trealurer COj/II,~rslow.l1. BlIsinesJY. oQrQ~jc"~;ilYtS6 r ',:. co.,. .' '." "'w' Publication .. ' . , Fifth fur " 2Sc • I>flce, 1'/. Y . l>llitori.a.l an! Avenue, ;U.JO a " .' , . ,( • F;ntered.a. ,e<>99d'clallO 'wlltler at ftie ,:P.QstQ/li!;< ColIPer!ltown,' (lie… ; ¥Ptk, ,under the Act of ~~rr J •.~879. C""ytigbted. H20 He Saw An Emperor Pray!

Kuang H'su, Emperor of China, was in surroundir:.gs distinguished from to worship at daybreak in the inner normal American activity by the shrine of the Imperial Lama Temple. romance of Oriental life in contact It was sacrilege for a foreigner (0 look! with the wit, intrigue and gaiety of These raw-boned Mongol priests were European high diplomatic society.

ugly customers to offend. Much of the story is from Straight's own diary, letters and sketch books. Willard Straight made up his mind to see. A friendly Lama, religiously re- The story of WILLARD STRAIGHT creant, breaking his vows is only one of many feat- by all his Mongol gods, ures in the SEPTEMBER determined that Straight issue.

should see. And then Straight, shaven bald- ASIA is a magazine headed, in high-necked which appeals to every purple camel-hair robe, member of the family. If crouching all night among you do not know it, per- the golden Mongol idols, haps your neighbor does.

lotus-stands, skull-goblets He will tell you to get of wine! From afar the acquainted.

bugles of the Emperor's What Albert Bushnell guard-the Imperial court eunuch rousing from his Hart, Professor of Gov- sl umber-approaching ernment in Harvard Uni- footsteps-the eight High versity, thinks of ASIA: Pri e sts-red-buttoned "Your periodical is certainly men and yellow-lacquered the most beautiful and attract- hats-wands of incense- co~;a~~:nvflt~:r~f~~~~~; ive of many periodicals that come into my house. I always And a few years later Biography, :from his own sketch- find in it, not only travelogues Straight is negotiating book. and descriptive articles of with the Chinese Govern- great interest, but material on diplomacy and n~tional con- ment as the American bankers' repre- ditions which is grist to my mill, as a professor offering lectures in diplomatic history and sentative for a $10),000,000 loan. In international relations."

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~VIEW~ VOL. SEPTEMBER, 1920 NUMBER XLIII NINE THE BOILING CALDRON IN INDIA M ANY events and tendencies in India, are not recor.ded in Western newspapers. That the situation is serious, es- pecially in the north, is acknowledged in government circles; and some missionaries are very apprehensive of the future. Their faith in God rather than in the British keeps them calm and hopeful.

A recent letter from a missionary in the Punjab, who is in close touch with the situation, tells of the political conditions-the riots, the unrest, the nationalistic movements and the costly mistakes of some British officials. He believes that masses of Indians are not loyal at heart to the British government, but are anxious for autonomy though they are not prepared to exercise it wisely. The better class of Indians are out of joint with materialistic western civilization, while at the same time the political leaders in India are arrogant and self-seeking. This militates against the success of reform movements.

Our correspondent continues: "Given a population of 315 to 320 millions, 300 of them thoroughly ignorant and easily led, and a couple of millions only with any adequate education and only a few thousands of these with any power of leadership and personality, and most of these determined upon winning power for themselves rather than advancing the best interests of their country, and include in this group some who have a fanatical hatred against foreigners and you have a dangerous position. Add to this the keen feeling of resentment over the Amritsar affair and the Khilafat agitation which is growing deeper and stronger all the time, and I would predict an explosion within five years. India in social and religious reforms is not keeping pace with her political advance. Masses of people have not changed 753

their ideas alloqt social matters at all. For example: scores of my students have been excused recently in order to get married; a regular epidemicof them! Whyf Because the Hindu astrologers say that the next two years will be unpropitious. Therefore every yov.ng Hindu of sixteen or seventeen is rushing off to plunge him- self and his family into economic difficulties to say the least. On the platform' the Arya Samaj is preaching Brahmacharya (late marriages), but in reality they have no iufluence at all iu these matters except over a small, rather highly educated group in a few large cities. Even Mohammedans are influenced by these social customs, and many of them have married in order to avoid the unpropitious season ahead.

"As to casfeand its influence, there are no doubtsigrndhat it is weakening. But a social custom which has existed for 3000 years cannot be destroyed in three years or even thirty years without danger, and there are evidences on every hand that the morals of the people are giving way under the rapid disintegration of the old social fabric. And yet the worst of the old customs like early marriages still have a strange superstitious hold on the minds of most Indians.

"The women's movement is purely superficial, except in small circles in a few of the largest cities. The attitude towards women in general is not changed at all. They are looked upon as distinctly inferior to men, and without any claims to the same rights and privileges. In some of the large cities women are getting educated and are coming into touch with the world enough to resent the former attitude of their men-folk, and demand a larger measure of freedom than has been theirs for centuries… The Mohammedan's community is most backward in the Panjab both in the matter of education and in tolerance for others; its bigotry and its attitude towards women is much the same as ever. The Mohammedan who is educated on the modern lines and is acclimatized in a modern atmosphere, is looked upon by the majority of Mohammedans as a renegade. A small body of fanatics is greatly inflaming the ignorant masses of Islam to an attitude of bitter hostility not only towards foreign Christians but even towards native Christians. Woe betide the Indian Christian Church if the Mohammedans were to get power in India in the near future!

"The strength of the movement for unity between Hindu and Mohammedan, is purely political. They neither trust nor like each other, and are simply driven together, for the time being in opposition to the British. Let the foreigners be removed and within five years they will be at each other's throat. Ten or fifteen years from now after the Reforms have had time to penetrate the ordinary life of India sufficiently and have proved measurably successful, then

19201 EDITORIAL COMMENT 7'55

there would be some prospect of permanency in this union, but at present it is worth nothing except politically.

"With regard to the relations between missions and Indian Christians there is fault on both sides. Some missionaries are incapable of realizing the changed position that has arisen in India, and many Indian Christians have the attitude that 'missionaries' have been top dogs long enough and now we are going to have our turn! ' It is needless to say when these two kinds of Christians come together there is not much harmony as a result! Where there is sufficient progressiveness in the missionary body and sufficient restraint and tolerance amongst the Indian Christian com- Illunity, the gulf can be bridged, but it is a difficult situation. 1'he future of Indian Christianity in the 20th century depends (humanly speaking) upon whether Indian Christian leaders and missionaries can work together in harmony. The Indian Christians left largely to themselves would either be absorbed by other bodies or would become a weak and querulous faction."

The whole problem of unrest 'in India is unquestionably due to the failure to inject the spirit and principles of Jesus Christ into political, social and religious life. It is no doubt inevitable that an awakening people should become restive, and that ambition should lead to self-aggrandizement. This is all the greater reason for promoting the evangelization of the people in India, and the training of Indian Christian leaders.

CHURCH UNION IN INDIA T HE Bangalore Conference held in India May 27 to 31 adopted the following resolutions in favor of Christian unity. 1. That this Conference of Indian Christians con~isting of members belonging to the Anglican, Wesleyan, Lutheran, Baptist, Presbyterian S. I. U. C. and Syrian (Mar Thoma and Jacobite) De- nominations, is of opinion that the several denominations of the Christian Church are in all esse.ntial respects within the one Church . Catholic, and that, in the interests of true Christian fellowship and for the extension of the Kingdom of Christ in this land, a recognition of the equal status of the denominations within the one Body of Christ and of their ministries as of equal validity, is necessary.

2. That such recognition should be given effect to along the following lines:- a. Ministers may receive due authorization to minister fully and freely in the churches of other denominations, it being under- stood that the above authorization is not to be regarded as re- ordination or as repUdiation of the present position of their minis- ters as validly ordained.

b. All the denominations should recognize fully the members of one another and admit them to the Lord's Table.

3. That further negotiations toward union of an organic: oharacter should not take place until the above two resolutions have been given practical effect to, and until the Indian Churches have attained financial and administrative independence, which, it is hoped, will conserve the best elements of Indian religious experience.

We must acknowledge that there are dangers in this attempt to realize the ideal of Christian unity; but with proper emphasis on the necessity of loyalty to Christ, of faithful obedience to God's Word and of complete dependence on Him, encouragement should be given to every effort to fulfil the prayer of our Lord for true unity among His disciples.

OPPORTUNITY IN GUATEMALA O NE of the significant things about the recent revolution in Guatemala is that the Unionists, who succeeded in putting down Cabrera's autocratic government, used as one slogan in their demonstrations: "Down with the clergy (Roman Catholic priests). We believe in evangelical religion!" The public made no protest against such anti-derical sentiments, and many called for the punishment of Bishop Pinol, who fell into popular disfavor because of his olose association with the Cabreristas. The general public sentiment in Guatemala is in favor of "evangelicals," as Prostestants are called. It is hOJ)Bd and expected that the new regime will be characterized by liberality in religion. The new Herrera gov- <ernment seems to be self-restrained, sane and judicial, with little <evidence of blood-thirsty revenge, in spite of the inflammable nature of Guatemalans. The outlook for the progress of Christian work in Guatemala is hopeful.

President Herrera, himself is reputed to be a wealthy land 'Owner, but a patriot of good judgment in political matters. The lIlew government is more thoroughly democratic than the old, and has shown ability to control the situation. After such a revolution in a Catholic country, there usually come enlarged opportunities in evangelioal work for some years and there are promises that the government will offer no opposition to Protestant missions. Evangelical missions in Guatemala have had a profound influence on the ideals and character of the people. The past three years have brought many difficulties in the form of war, earthquake, high prices, lack of workers and enemies to the truth, but the douds have broken and the light of a new day seems to be dawning.

As signs of the new day, gambling dens have been olosed by the decree of the government in Qruezaltenango; a vigorous anti-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

saloon league campaign is in progress; base ball is driving out bull fights; healthy sports are replacing idleness and excess; political clubs are repLacing champagne suppers and religious liberty is ex- perienced instead of fanatical oppression. These changes have not come from Roman Catholicism, or from atheism or from an auto- cratio government policy. They are not a guarantee of Christian faith but they are the result of the growth of enlightenment through the preaching of the Gospel. After forty years of evangelical mis- sion work there are more signs of promise than ever before. More than 500 evangelical congregations, with 15,000 adherents are scat- tered over the .country and hundreds of thousands of Bibles and Testaments are in the hands of the people. Education is also producing results but these must be safeguarded by spiritual awakening and direction. Now is the time to advance in Guatemala.

THE MISSION PROBLEM IN SANTO DOMINGO S ANTO Domingo, rich in trade and industrial opportunities, and with the traditions of the oldest Spanish civilization on the western continent, is still practically unknown to people in the United States, although for three and a half years a Rear-Admiral of the United States Navy has been its" President," carrying on a military government with the aid of a Cabinet of United States Marines.

Since the American oC{lupation, however, the Protestanf churches of America have made plans to enter Santo Domingo with a missionary program that will go far toward bringing the republic to the notice of the outside world. The work will be administered by a board of trustees, so that the divisions of the Evangelical Church shall not be introduced. Such a plan is without precedent in Christian missions.

The missionary program calls for more than one million dollars in the Ilext five years, with thirty foreign workers and fifty native worker&. It includes an institutional church, an industrial school, a hospital, and a book store in the city of Santo Domingo, the capital of the republic,and a similar group for Santiago, its most important northern city. While these will be the two great centers of work, the plan also calls for an institutional church, and a hospital at five other places. The project has the approval of Rear-Admiral Snowden, United States Navy, Military Governor of the island.

The Dominicans take pride in asserting that they have the remains of Columbus in their Cathedral, and that they are authentic has been but little disputed. Reminders of Ponce de Leon, Cortez, and Pizarro are on every hand. But here interest ceases. Nothing of modern beauty or utility meets the eye. There is no modern life of any kind, except that brought by the Marines, who installed a telephone for their own use, built a military hospital, saw that the

streets were cleaned up, and built some new roads. Street cars and street lights are unknown. There are no roads across the island, and the journey must be made by boat, a ten-day trip.

In the northern part of Santo Domingo there is a larger percentage of white blood, and the people are more progressive. Nothing now remains of the early Indian tribes, which were wiped out by Spanish cruelty. African slaves followed them, brought by Spanish and Portuguese slave dealers, and their descendants, often of mixed African and European blood, have been left to drift along for centuries. Torn at times by revolution and at others invaded by European capitalists who have attempted to exploit the resources of the country, Santo Domingo finally dropped out of the running commercially. Fior the last three hundred years she has lived in isolation, and it is only since American occupancy that she has shown evidences of again entering into the active life of the world.

Notwithstanding her isolation from centers of progress, and her large Afro-European population, there is in Santo Domingo a small intellectual circle with a high degree of culture. The intellectuals resent the continued occupation of the island by the United States Marines, with the censorship which has been exercised over their literary productions, but the lower classes are grateful for the peace and prosperity that have corne to them as a result. The American occupation has concerned itself largely with establishing schools, and education has developed rapidly, a school attendance of 85,000 children having grown from one of 25,000 three years ago. The schools cover the primary grades only, and it is not easy to secure teachers.

The Roman Catholic Ohurch in Santo Domingo is poor, and cannot minister to the needs of the people, who are as destitute as the people of ,any land not devastated by war, plague or famine could possibly be. The great mass of the inhabitants have nothing, and 95 per cent of them can neither read nor write. Leading Dominicans have advised that anything that can be done by the American Mission Boards will be acceptable, and that there is no chance of duplicating any work, as none is being done. Except in a few isolated instances, scarcely any Protestant activity of a missionary character has ever entered the field.

NON-CHRISTIAN LABOR CHURCHES M EN are ever seeking to secure the fruits of Christianity without the roots j to develop the form of Godliness with- out paying the price or experiencing the power. A "Non- Christian Church" seems a contradiction in terms, but such are being formed. In Canada a "Labor Church" was organized in .July, 1918, and now has ten branches, Winnipeg alone having 1200 members. It has grown because of the popularity of industrial movements but it has not yet endured hardship and persecution.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

There is avowed belief in God but no clear surrender to the claims of His Son, Jesus Christ. The basis of admission is as follows: "I am willing to support an independent and creedless Labor. Church based on the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man. Its aim shall be the establishment of justice and righteouslless on earth among all men and nations."

An idea of the Sunday School may be gained by the following extract from one of the lesson outlines: "Lesson 1. Who set the dinner table7 (a) The many who keep us; (b) Our part in the world's work; (c) 'Grace before meat.'

"Lesson 3. The Age of Homespun: (a) Manufacture in home workshop; (b) Production for use-independence; (c) 'God bless me and my wife and son John.'

"Lesson 5. The First with the Machine; (a) Tools of production in the hands of the few; (b) The new slavery-men, women and children; (c) The work of Jesus-Luke 4:18.

"Lesson 16. Where the Baby Came From: (a) The miracle of life; (b) Sex instruction; (c) Bodies temples of the Holy Spirit.

"Lesson 21. The Life of Jesus: (a) Carpenter and reformer; (b) Opposed by church and state; (c) The sins which crucified him."

While most churches are lamenting the absence of men, the Labor churches like Masonic Lodges, are filled with them. It is unfortunate that a dividing line is being drawn between workers and others, and that men and women are making social organizations a substitute for the Church of Christ. These ideas are directly opposed to th.e teaching of the Founder of the Church and the Saviour of the World.

JAPANESE CENSORSHIP G OVERNMENT censorship in Japan, except in time of war, is calculated to create impatience in the minds of lovers of free speech and freedom of the press. For the same reason, British members of Parliament have taken their government to task for carrying on secret warfare in Somaliland, East Africa. The policy of sec,ret diplomacy, secret treaties and secret spy systems is not acceptable to liberty loving people. Japan's policy of seeking to eontrol not only the acts and speech of her people but their very thinking is arousing opposition among the Japanese themselves.

The editor of the Osaka Ashi was warned because he disapproved of a Japanese expedition to Siberia; the editor of the Kobe Herald was imprisoned for printing a sentence of "Mr. Putnam Weale" referring to the Emperor as inexperienced; the Japan Chronicle was suppressed for reprinting a reference to the famous "twenty-one demands" from the North China Daily News; The

J apqn Advertiser was suppressed for referring to the Mikado's "mailed fist" falling heavily upon the Japanese proletariat; Pooley's " Japan at the Cross Roads" and other books are placed upon the "Index Expurgatories." There were 1927 suppressions under the Okuma ministry (1914-1916).

It is clear why the Japanese people and even the government officials in Japan do not know the facts about the Korean uprising and Japanese methods of torture and suppression in Chosen. There is hope that the Japanese press law may soon be revised in favor of greater freedom.

OUTBREAK IN LOVEDALE INSTITUTE STUDENT unrest is not confined to India or China. A ser- ious disturbance occurred at Lovedale Institute, South Africa, on Sunday, April 25, and inVIOlved the destruction of the chapel by fire, the breaking of windows and other property damage, the stoning of Rev. J. Lennox, the acting principal, and assaults on other teachers. The immediate occasion of the riot seems to have been some dissatisfaction with the bread, but the real, underlying cause was the agitation from outside. One hundred and ninety-eight native lads were arrested and imprisoned. In spite of the plea for clemency made by acting-principal Lennox, the judge sentenced each of the fourteen ring leaders to three months' imprisonment at hard labor and £50 fine; and the remainder of the men to a fine of £15 each or one month in prison.

The Christian Express, Lovedale, says: "The virus of this trouble came from outside, but it is probably not all of one strain. The Land Act of 1913 implanted a deplorable crop of suspicion in the minds of the natives, and served to bind together tribes and clans which, up to then, had been disunited. There is a restlessness all over the world and notably among students. Strikes are in fashion. Educated natives read the newspapers, and not a few have witnessed strikes in Johannesburg and elsewhere. The term "strike" conveys to the mind of the native the idea of smaHhing things in general and windows in particular. It is almost certain that few of the rioters realized beforehand the seriousness of their actions. The majority were led by the few, and those who did not join in the riot were threatened with bodily harm."

Lovedale Institute, which has done such a noble work in Africa, has been temporarily closed on account of the riot and damage, and a real setback has been given to the cause of native education. That the South Africans in general are not in sympathy with the action of the students is shown by the regret expressed by parents whose sons have caused the trouble and by the resolutions passed by one of the native church courts. These resolutions express deep regret at the disturbance in Lovedale Institute, and record hearty

EDITORIAL COMMENT

disapproval of the conduct of the students. They close by saying: "Our prayer will daily be that the great danger with which our educational system is threatened may be averted and that brighter days may come to the Institute."

The W orId and The Gospel Today* BY VISCOUNT BRYCE, LONDON, ENGLAND T HIS period of history is one of great urgency and gravity. The white races are penetrating the whole world. The whole world is brought together as never before. There is hardly a spot that was not touched and smitten by the War in one way or another. It affected regions that had hardly a place in history before-all Siberia from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean, Central Asia and much of East Central Africa. If you except some tropical forest regions of Africa and South America, nearly all the backward· races have in some way suffered by the War. It is owing to the quarrels of the socalled Christian peoples that so much misery has been brought to the world.

Not only is the white man penetrating everywhere, but wherever he goes he is a destroying force. Not only are ancient faiths crumbling, but the moral foundations of custom on which the backward races lived in former times have been removed. They have now nothing to live upon until and unless they are given the Gospel of Christ.

I cannot think of any time in the history of the world when we have had phenomena of this sort. That is the reason why we ought to bend our minds to developing our work in every mission field. It is also the reason why we should try to see that our influence in every country where Britain can exert her influence, is well exerted in the cause of justice and humanity, and to see also that our people abroad set a better example by their own lives than in times past.

We have to ask for gifts to support missions. It is a duty to give them, every Christian must seek to sprc:lad Truth and Light. But a gift is an external thing, it mayor may not be an expression of a man's real sense of duty, of his real devotion to his Lord. It is an offering, as in the Old Testament dispensation were the sacrffices on the altar. But mercy is better than sacrifice, because mercy is part of the quality of the human being himself; it means the individual's moral purpose, his realization in his own life of Christian duty and Christian love. In and by it he shows forth his faith by his life better than any offering of money can do.

" " " "From the LaymenJs Bulletin, published by the National Laymen~s Missionary Movement, London :f;ngland. .

Now. we have come to the end of the War and what do we see? Those ~ho have the best means of knowing tell us that two normal epidemics are visible all' over England. One is an epidemic of crime, and especially of robbery with violence. There has heen an increase in theft and all forms of .dishonesty, theftfl on railways, thefts in the postal service.. The 'other epidemic is even wOrse. It is a prevalence of sensual vice such as has not been observed for many years. If there is a department of moral conduct in which Christianity has rendered an especial service to the world, it has been in raising the level for human morals, and in its treatment of sensual vice. When one reads of what sensuality was in the ancient world, when one recalls its treatment by the Greek and Roman poets, and what St. Paul says of it in his own time, one feels .how enormous has been the change to the modern world, and how entirely that change is dne to the influence of Christianity. Even when things were worst in the modern world, they never sank so low as they had done in pre-Christian days. Whenever we see a falling back toward the thought and practice of that pre-Christian world, it is a dangersignal which warns us of the need for guarding the higher conception of sexual relations which Christianity gave.

All these thoughts bring us back to the main thought-what can we do to make our country a Christian country7 The more we feel what has been called" the bankruptcy of civilization" the more we feel that the only thing that can save the world is to return to the precepts of the Gospel, and try to bring our practice nearer to our profession.

There is no light from any quarter promising moral dignity and purity and goodwill among men except that which comes from the Gospel. That is the Light which lighteth every .man, and that is the Light which we must do our best to spread not only abroad but among ourselves. The precepts of the Gospel are the one remedy for all the troubles we see around us at home and abroad. No nation has ever yet really tried to put those precepts into practice.

There seems to be a great call going out to us now to Christianize other peoples. To do this effectively, we must begin by Christianizing ourselves. If the Gospel is the only Light, then it is according to the Gospel that we must try to rule our own liYes and induce others to do so. The best way to move others is to set an example by following these precepts ourselves. However zealous we may be for the diffusion of the knowledge of the Gospel abroad, and however earnest our efforts, after all the most vitally essential thing is that we should try to infuse a Christian spirit into the society in which we live. Let us by all means continue our efforts to spread the Light abroad, but let it also illuminate the individual life at home.

A BUSY SCENE IN THE MARKET PLACE. NAHA. LlU CHIU

Liu Chiu-the Floating Dragon BY REV. C. K. HARRINGTON A N IMPORTANT chain of islands stretches from the south- western extremity of Japan, across well nigh a thousand miles of salt water, to Formosa. These beautiful and fertile islands, which number about ninety in all, while divided into several groups, were known as a whole to the Chinese as Liu-Kiu, or Liu-Chiu. The Japanese, to whom the pronunciation of the letter l is as difficult as that of r is to their Chinese cousins, call them Riu-Kiu. The name, which signifies the "Floating Dragon," was bestowed on them by their Chinese discoverer, because they suggested to his mind the appearance of a sea-dragon, or sea-serpent, floating on the surface of the water. The alternative .Japanese name is Okinawa, the "Rope-in-the-Offing," as though this chain of islands united Japan with Formosa.

The Liu Chius lie in the course of the Kuro-Shiwo or Japan Current, the Gulf Stream of the Pacific, and thus have an equable, warm and humid climate, very trying to Europeans and even to Japanese. The agricultural products comprise rice and millet, tea, tobacco, cotton and indigo; beside such fruits as bananas, pineapples, oranges, peaches and plums. The most important crop is sugar cane, the sugar from which, half a million barrels a year, is sent up to Japan for refining. Another principal crop is sweet 763

potatoes of a very inferior quality, which form the ordinary food of the common people. There are many domestic animals, such as ducks and geese, swine, cattle' and horses. Mining, also, and manufacturing are carried on somewhat extensively.

On account of the typhoons which frequently visit the islands the people of the cities surround their houses with high walls built of blocks' of coral rock. The village dwellings are small, wretched huts. As a rule the native Liu Chiuans, whether in city or country, are almost indescribably poor, even from a Japanese point of view. The population of the islands is estimated at over :half a million.

In race the Liu Chiuans differ somewhat from the people of Japan proper, being chiefly, it is supposed, a blend of Japanese with aboriginal tribes. They have a langnage, or dialect, of their own. They claim that their traditions date back seventeen thousand years, but having had no written language they have no native historical records or literature. In the year 1879 Japan fonnally annexed them to her own territory, this being the first considerable addition to the Empire after the restoration: Since that time there has naturally been a great increase in the number of pure Japanese living on the islands, and the use of the Japanese language has been spreading among the Liu Chiuans of the better educated classes. Even yet, however, the Liu Chius are to the .Japanese of the mainland practically a foreign country, inhabited by an alien race, speaking an unknown tongue. For a Japanese preacher to set sail from Kobe for Naha, to carry the message of the Cross to the Liu Chiu Islanders, is as truly a foreign missionary enterprise as for an American to take the gospel to Japan, or at least, as being an American possession, to the Philippines. As a race the Liu Chiuans are said to be much inferior to either the Japanese Or Chinese. "For centuries they have been ground between two mill-stones, and that, combined with the tyranny of their own officials, has utterly crushed out every particle of decision of character, leaving them a weak, spiritless and groveling people."

Their depressed condition is no doubt due also in part to the fact that they have not been brought under the sway of any great religious or moral teaching. However inferior to Christianity we may consider Buddhism and Confucianism, we cannot doubt that these have been to a very large degree Lights of Asia, and that China and Japan owe to them much of their progress in knowledge, in morality and in the arts and refinements of life. Buddhism was introduced from China in 1281, and between the old capital, Shuri, and the new capital, Naha, is a Buddhist temple said to date from that time, the walls of which are lined with the ancestral tablets of the Kings of Liu Chiu for over six hundred years.

1920J LIU CHIU-THE FLOATING DRAGON

The teachings of Confucius also have become familiar to people of education. But neither Buddha nor Confucius has exerted much influence over the minds of the Liu Chiuans generally. They seem to be destitute of an aptitude for great religious ideas, and are the slaves of many superstitions.

The great missionary campaign undertaken in the sixteenth cen- tury by Francis Xavier for the Roman Catholic church, in south- ern and eastern Asia, probably included the Liu Chiuans in its scope, but, if so, it made no per- manent impression on the people.

The story of modern Christian missions in the islands begins in 1846. At that time the ports of Japan were still closed to foreign shipping, and Naha, the chief Liu Chiu port, was a regular ren- dezvous for the fleets of western nations cruising in Asiatic wat- -ers. A number of Christian of- ficers of the British navy became interested in the spiritual condi- tion of the people, and with their A LIU CHIUAN GRANDMOTHER support a Dr. Bettelheim, a Ger- man Jew by birth but a Christian in faith, and with an English wo- wan for his wife, settled at Naha, and labored for seven years to plant the Christian faith in the islands. The story of Dr. Bettel- heim's arrival, and his subsequent experiences, was told to Dr. Thomson of Kobe by an eye-witness, an old man of over seventy.

"He arrived in Naha in May, 1846, with his English wife, his family of two children, and his household goods, on board an English man-of-war, at that time the only means of reaching these islands. Application was at once made to the officials for permission to land and begin work, but it was refused, and strict injunc- tions were issued to the boatmen not to bring the missionary ashore. He bided his time, however, and one day while a boatman was aboard the vessel, probably beguiled below, Dr. Bettelheim hastily piled his family and goods into the boat and waited. When the boatman returned and saw his boat full of unexpected guests, he fell on the deck and implored the officers to take them back on board, as he would be severely punished if the missionary went ashore in his boat. No notice was taken of this appeal, as the officials had no right to refuse permission to land; and after wait-

ing for ·five or six hours he most reluctantly left for the shore. The vessel sailed away, and thus this brave missionary took up his lonely post among these islanders, for Christ's s~ke and the Gospel's. ' , pro Bettelheim remained in Liu Chiu seven years, suffering many hardships and constant petty annoyances. The common peo- ple were not unfriendly to him, but the officials, knowing of the opposition of the Japanese government to Christianity, and fearing to incur its hostility by allowing the prohibited religion to gain a foothold, did all in their power to discourage the missionary and cause his retirement from the country. "Guard-houses were erect- ed at the entrance to his residence, and he was kept under the strictest surveillance night and day. Spies followed him every- where he went, and if he stopped to preach or speak to the people, at a signal from these men the crowd would at once disappear. When he distributed tracts and portions of Scriptures the officials would gather them up from the people and return them to him next day in neatly tied packages. The shopkeepers were forbidden to sell to him, and in every possible way his position was made as unpleasant as could be, in the hope of driving him out of the islands. "

The only thing that deterred the officials from making an end of him altogether was their wholesome fear of the British fleet, the ships of which frequently touched at the islands. We are told that on one occasion he had been arrested and beaten, but the sudden appearance of an English vessel caused his release, and the officials were compelled to apologize and promise better treatment in the future. Under the constant strain of these persecutions his health finally broke down, and in 1853 this obliged him to withdraw from the field, without having seen, so far as we can learn, any results of his labor. Dr. Bettelheim, during his stay on the islands, made a translation of some portions of the Scriptures. As the Liu Chiuans had no written vernacular, this translation was probably into Japanese, and if so was one of the very earliest attempts to produce a Japanese version of the Scriptures.

But although the Liu Chiu officials, influenced by the Japanese hatred of Christianity, succeeded in foiling this early attempt to establish Christianity on the islands, Providence had arranged that after all they were to play a part in the introduction of the Gospel into Japan j and that it was to be in turn from Japan, and from the lips of Japanese, that the islands were to receive the Message. HIt was from these islands that Commodore Perry commenced those operations which finally resulted in throwing open Japan not only to trade but to evangelization."

Dr. Bettelheim was still laboring and suffering at Naha when fJle Perry squadron arrived, May 26, 1852. When Perry with his

A LIU CHIUAN WORSHIPPING BEFORE AN ANCESTRAL

"black ships" came sailing into the harbor, he was surprised to be immediately saluted with the British Ensign, run up on a flagstaff on a cliff near the town. In the fine three-volume account of the Expedition published by the United States government, we are told of Dr. Bettelheim's visit to the ship. Presently Perry was up at Yedo, knocking at Japan's front door, and ere long that door was open both for the foreigner and the foreign ·religion.

Forty years passed before the Gospel again came to the Liu Chiu Islands. There was a new Japan, and the Liu Chius were her possession. Japanese officials conducted the affairs of Naha.

In the spring of 1891 there came to the East an old lady from Scotland, a Presbyterian, Mrs. Alexander Allan, of Glasgow. For years she had been concerned for the spiritual welfare of the people of the many islands that cling about the skirts of Japan, and first of all for the Liu Chiuans as being the least likely to be early reached by the gospeL In Kobe she found a fellow-countryman and a kindred spirit in Missionary Thomson, to whom she expressed her interest in this matter. On her return to Scotland she made an offer, through Mr. Thomson, to the American Baptist Missionary Union-now the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society-of a sum of money sufficient to establish a Christian work in the Liu Chius, and to sustain it for a number of years. The Society gladly accepted Mrs. Allan's proposal, and steps were at once taken by Mr. Thomson to begin the work. In the Baptist

Theological Seminary was a Mr. Hara Michinosuke, who had had an inward call to labor for the Liu Chiu people, and among the Baptist preachers was a Mr. Okamoto who had lived among them years before as a government official,and was willing to return to them as a missionary. The autumn of 1891 saw these two Jap- anese pioneer evangelists settled at Naha. A few months later Mr. Thomson, accompanied by his wife, made his first visit to the islands. During the three weeks they remained they were received everywhere with kindness and courtesy, and to the daily meetings the Liu Chiuans flocked in crowds, of course largely from curios- ity, to see the foreigners, as the addresses, being in Japanese, would be unintelligible to most of them.

"The sight of a foreign lady nearly upset the equilibrium of the city of Naha, her appearance on the streets was the signal for a general suspension of business. She could clear the public square, which was the general market place, of both merchants and cus- tomers, inside of three minutes, if it was known that she was out walking in the streets. This disturbance of the traffic of the place led to the amusing request on the part of the police that the lady should stay indoors during the day, only coming out for exercise after dark."

The condition of the Liu Chiuans when Mr. Thomson made his first visit to Naha was truly worthy of compassion. Although they had been already more than a decade a part of the Japanese Em- pire, very little had apparently yet been done by the government to promote their. welfare. Outside the Capital, schools werE' un- known and the bulk of the people were destitute of even the ele- ments of learning. In their domestic and social and industrial life they were in a very primitive state. Modern methods and implements, and conveniences of domestic life, whicp had become common in the empire at large, were here yet Ul'known. Even the humble kerosene lamp was wanting. There were many in such poverty that they could not afford even the sweet potatoes of poor quality which grow in the islands, but were obliged to resort to a mixture of potato and clay.

As for religion, they were without even such insufficient guidance and consolation as Buddhism might give, and were under the sway of all kinds of superstition. So materialistic had they become that the very idea of a spiritual religion was foreign to them. If they knew of Christianity it was as something to be shunned, having in it, it was thought, an unholy magical power which cast an evil spell on men and separated them both from living friends and dead ancestors. It was perhaps to escape this spell that whenever a white man appeared in any of the villages the women and children fled from him in terror.

LIU CHIU-THE FLOATING DRAGON

BUSY STREET IN NAHA, I,IU CHIU ISI,ANDS The handicap of the language, and the timidity, conservatism and superstition of the people, made the work of our pioneer Japanese evangelists difficult and sometimes discouraging, and ten years passed without large visible results. Then a change came, and the people gathered in crowds to hear the gospel. Hundreds professed faith in Christ and were baptized. Other Japanese Christian workers from the mainland joined in the work, and from among the Liu Chiuan Christians were raised up preachers and teachers. Churches were organized at Naha and at Shuri, and a number of country stations were opened. Dr. Thomson, although in residence at Kobe, a thousand miles away, has been in direction of the work, and when occasion has required has either visited the islands in person or has arranged for some other missionary to make the journey. Two or three years ago the Baptist church membership was not far from one thousand, but a drastic weeding out has reduced this number by two-thirds.

The faith of most of the early converts waS not of a highly spiritual nature. The Christian God of whom the preacher spoke was evidently a great and powerful Being, and under His favor they might expect prosperity. Bodily health, a flourishing family, fat crops, and rapid increase of their livestock were to them the visible signs, at first the only intelligible signs, of God's love and care. Let the harvest fail, sickness invade their home, or disease break

out among their domestic animals, and the foundations of their faith began to criImb1e. For-they- were- essentia11y -it primitive people, and among all primitive peoples-as among the primitive Israelites themselves, as is clearly shown in the Old Te§.tllmentmaterial prosperity and adversity have always been hel(l'to"te the tokens of the divine favor or displeasure. "That is uo~.Jirst which is spiritual but that which is natural, and afterward, thit which is spiritual. " Thanks to years of Christian teaching :~d experience, more spiritual conceptions are gradually supplanting these primitive ideas, and while the numerical growth of the churches is at present less rapid than formerly, they are in a more satisfactory condition.

Following close upon the Baptists in Ohristian work for the Liu Ohiuans came the Methodist Episcopal Mission of Japan, in 1893, and the Ohurch Mission Society, in 1894. The former has enjoyed very considerable success. A number of church@s have been organized, with a roll of perhaps a thous-and members. In one village, where nearly 150 had united with the church in a single year, the villagers took alarm, and endeavored to stay the progress of the work, declaring that if the new teaching, with its disapproval of drinking, dancing and the theatre, should gain further headway, life in their village would become intolerably dull. This recalls to the writer a remark sometimes made by Japanese on learning that he was an abstainer from both sake and tobacco: "I should think you would find it very lonesome."

During these twenty-five years, while Ohristian missions have made a beginning of the spiritual transformation of the Liu Ohiuans, the Japanese Government, in pursuance of a wise policy operative also in Korea and Formosa, has been exerting itself to promote their welfare along industrial and educational lines. Missionary Wynd, of Tokyo, who had made his first visit to the islands in 1893, made a second visit in 1915, and speaks of the marked changes that had taken place during the interval. "Schools have been established in every big village, and high schools are found in the business centers. Ambitious young men flock from the islands to the mainland. One or two, after taking degrees in the Imperial University, are back in the islands to light the torch of culture in Naha, Shuri and Itoman. The young men meet together and talk about the poetry of Tagore, the philosophy of Eucken and the plays of Ibsen. The ignorant, downtrodden, fearful native of the Liu Ohius has been transformed. His ideas, his habits, his outlook on the world are different, as is also his appearance. He has become a Japanese." To become a Japanese, in this case, is to become intelligent, alert, independent, progressive, interested in politics, education, science, art and social problems, both of the East and of the West.

Material conditions also, at least in the larger towns, have greatly improved. Mrs. Thomson, who braves the perils and hardships of the long sea journey to assist in the work of the Bible-women and kindergartners, says: "No longer will the traveler feel that he is landing in a primeval country, untouched by modllrn civilization. The dreadful mixtures of sweet potato and clay that in former days were expo~ed for sale have disappeared. The people are much more vigorous. The J"apanese regime has certainly made the town dwellers more sanitary in their habits. 1'he streets have drains and the rubbish is removed, so that the city is much more cleanly in appearance. Tram cars run on time through the main streets of Naha, and up to the gates of Shuri, the old capital.

'I'he inflow of. western thought and civilization, by way of Tokyo, upon the pdmitive life of the Liu Chiuans is creating a new Liu A CHRISTIAN CHAPEl" LIU CHlU ISLANDS Chiu in the midst of the old, and this cleavage extends into the religious realm. The old style native, who of course is in the great majority, is still, Mr. Wynd tells us, "primitive and simple, receiving the Gospel as a child, and the preacher as a messenger from heaven. The new Liu Ohiuan is ostentatiously modern, a reader of new books, full of new ideas and as much taken up with his recent acquisitions as a child with a new toy. He, too, is groping after God, and has deep spiritual experiences, which he likes to express in modern terms, using any quotations from his favorite books." This rise of the new Liu Ohiuan adds an element of difficulty to Ohristian work. "These two classes are both found in the church, and the preacher's difficulty on Sunday morning when they meet for worship is to minister to both classes. The modern man does not want to hear the Liu Ohiu dialect; the bulk of the congregation does not understand anything else. The new man wants his pastor to be also a new man, talking the language of the modern sages, going to the root of all the problems of philosophy, science, religion and life, explaining and illuminating these. The older members cannot understand these things, but wish to hear of- the Father's love and care, in the simple language of the story of the Prodigal Son, or of the two spar-

rows sold for one farthing." So the preacher must choose whether to preach in the native dialect, in a simple, Biblical style; or in Japanese, in a more profound manner. Mr. Haraguchi, the longtime Japanese missionary to Liu Chiu, wisely chose the former course, and his good example has been followed by most of the other Christian workers, both native and Japanese.

In 1917 the Baptist Mission force in the islands was reported as consisting of one pastor, three evangelists and two Biblewomen. There were four Sunday-schools, with an aggregate roll of 700 scholars. The churches at Naha and Shuri were overflowing the modest buildings where they met for worship, and the preaching places where evangelistic work is being carried on were well attended. On the occasion of Mr. Wynd's recent visit to Naha, he was waited upon by a group of country people who had walked fifteen miles as a deputation from their village. They made very urgent request that he should come out to their district and preach the gospel to their people, many of whom were eager to hear. The Wise Woman of the village was the spokesman of the group, and said, "We came on purpose to invite you, and we started early, before the village cocks had begun to crow; when the stars were giving us light and the frogs were croaking in the pools." In addition to Sunday-school work for children there is a flourishing kindergarten carried on in Naha, and in the heart of that city the Baptist Mission established, in 1917, a fine mission plant, with a good church building-the first to be erected in the Islands-a parsonage, and ample kindergarten accommodations.

It may reasonably be expected that through the efforts of the several Missions now at work in the Liu Chius the more important islands of the chain will ere long be entirely evangelized, but many of the smaller ones cannot well be reached by the methods now employed, and may have to await the day when a Gospel Ship, like that which sails the Inland Sea of Japan, shall cruise among them.

The story of missionary work in the Liu Chius presents a striking example of divine providence and leadership. The officials at Naha, under pressure from Japan, sought to prevent Christianity getting a foothold in the Islands. At this very time the Perry Expedition, with Naha as a base of operations, opened Japan to western commerce and to Christianity. Later, the Liu Chius were swept up into the Japanese Empire, and Christian Japanese, under Japanese government protection, carried the gospel message back to Naha.

Paik Early Spring Tells His

(The following narrative is given as nearly as possible in a translation of the man's own words as he told the story to us.) TRANSLATED BY A RESIDENT IN KOREA I T IS a long story and all very strange. God has strange ways of working. We cannot follow them all. I will tell you what happened as a man sees it. Can one know the plant before he understands the root f To tell you my story I must begin with another's history. There was a certain Buddhist priest, a man of restless desires but spiritual withal. He was not lazy nor content to live slothfully on monastery lands like the others, but was a man of spiritual yearning who sought the hidden meaning of things and peace for his unquiet soul. If not why did he wander through our "three thousand Ii of mountains and rivers," making pilgrimages to all the monasteries of the thirteen provinces? And even this was not enough. He passed over the Eastern sea to the land of the Rising Sun and visited the holy places there. Was it not. by the grace of God that he met a missionary who showed him the first chapter of Genesis ¥ Who would begin a Gospel word with the first chapter of Genesis? Is not this also a way of God who knows the need of every man's heart? This man read the first lines and he laid down the Book and he said: "I have found the truth! 'In the beginning God'! All through the years I have known the words of the Way of the Buddha. Have not Suhkayuri's" words been in my ears? 'None in heaven above, none in earth below, only I, alone.' Suhkayuri meant there was no God but it was all athwart my consciousness. 'In the beginning God' ! There was a beginning. There is a God! This is truth!"

So this priest learned the Christian doctrine in a measure and believed. Also he became a merchant and prospered in business. He crossed into China and became a seller of drugs and because he was prospered, his gains were five thousand ounces of silver and certain bales of Chinese silk. So he returned.

It is written, "The love of money is the root of all evil," and so it became in the after days but the tale must be told in order.

Did I tell you where I first heard the Word? In the second month of the year of the Rabbit (1903) on the road to the provincial capital I met a little man with a round face. He was a gentleman in his bearing and he wore a winter cap of fur beneath his gentleman's hat. A coolie with him bore a heavy bundle in the rack of his carrying frame on his back. They were resting a mo- * Suhkayuri is the Korean name of G-uatama Buddha or Sakyamooni.

773

ment in the sunshine by the big rock below the Kyung Ju Pass, so I too stopped and gravely salut~d a~cording t9 the custom of our people.

"I am Paik Early Spring of Peace River Village," I said "Even so," he replied. "I am Kim Source of Strength of such and such a place. ~, (You know him today as Pastor Kim. Was he not the first to believe in our province n "Are you in peace 1' , "I am in peace. What have you in your load that seems so heavy?"

"They are books."

"I also am a reader of books. What sort are these?"

"They are the Books of the Lord, the Saviour of the world,"

he said.

"Saviour of the World 1 Lord!" The words had no meaning to me. "Who is this one whom you call Saviour of the world 1"

"God sent His son," he said "to be the world's Saviour. "

"Can God have a son? What idle words are these 7" I an- swered him in scorn and turned away quickly in bitterness.

Of a truth in those days I was not slow in speech, but I think he prayed for me. And all that day as I walked the road in the keen Winter air there was one sound in my ears, "the Saviour of the World . , . the Saviour of the World." The wild geese passed overhead and their honking cry sounded in my ears "the Saviour of the World." "What spell is this?" I said in anger. "Oannot one forget a senseless word 1 I will stop for food at yonder inn."

They called me a well-to-do man in those days. There were certain fields and if. the year was favorable there was rice for all the food mouths. Also the wood of the mountain beyond was mine for the cutting. I was a reader of the classics and no merchant and yet as men will, I went from time to time to the market town on market days and on a certain market day, I sought in the mar- ket place for satin piece goods of a sort and it was not found, but there were those who said: "Has not Pak the Buddhist returned from China with satins?

Seek his house in such a village."

Now this was the man of whom I have already spoken but as yet I know not the man nor his new manner of religion, only that he had satin piece goods of value. So I went to this village and one directed me to his house. .

The gate of the courtyard was open and the door of his guest room too. You know of our custom to have one room with the door facing outward where visitors are received. There was a gathering there, one or two men, and on the open porch beyond one or two women on rush mats. I stood before the door and they

MR P~IKEARLY SPRING TELLSHtS STORY

so bade me. enter I entered quickly and kneeling in it respectful attitude I said:'

"Let 'us make ourselves known to one another. I am Paik Early Spring of Peace River Village."

"I bear the name of the house of Pak," my host answered gravely. "You have come at a fortunate time. Presently we shall.

enquire your business but now we worship. Be pleased to join with use. This is the Lord's Day.;"

So he spoke and I answered wondering, "What Lord's day7"

" Jesus, " he said, "The Lord, the Saviour of the world."

Was it not the echo of the voice in my sOlll? And I saw again in my mind's eye the little old man by the roadside in· the sunshine with his books on the Kyung Ju road and his words were still in "Saviour of the world"! r my ears through many days.

thought to myself, even as I have said, this is a strange world but I was minded to listen to his words. So the master of the house said "Let us pray. Condescend only to refrain from smoking while we worship."

I knocked the ash from my pipe bowl across the door sill and thrust the bamboo stem into my sleeve. They bowed their heads and one prayed. How should I know the meaning of what he said1 Strange words they were, yet not strange. Words that I knew everyone but put together with new meanings that made it sound in my ears like the language of the outer barbarians. Again I heard of the Son of God, but what was this talk of love and trust and of One's blood that had been shed? He prayed even for me, that I, a stranger, might understand the doctrine. They prayed and bowed their heads but why should I bow my head? It was not my worship yet I held my peace and listened and my eye searched the room, but never a Buddha nor a spirit-jar nor a worship tablet did I see.

What worship was this I thought scornfully? Then the man Pak took a book and read words like those of his pr:iyer and he made explanation of it withal as to one of little understanding and I perceived that he meant me and I listened to his, words. Then they sang a song and the words were "Far, far have I wandered." All these things are known to you but I had never heard the Jesus doc- trine before in all my days. The words- were new and strange but I learned their meaning and understood something about the Saviour of the world. And so it was that from time to time I went to this ·house and joined in worship, but the doctrine had not yet come to rule my life and I was not greatly changed, only men said I was a disciple of Pak and did the Jesus doctrine.

There was a time of political and religious disturbance when the Il Chin Whoi (Progress~ve Society) was abroad and there was persecution also from the Catholics and we were very ignorant in those days and once we took revenge on them; but I may not tel]

that tale now, only we were much troubled and many fell away fill of those who gathered at Pak's house only five or six remained. Two of the group had died suddenly. The wives of two others died and certain children. Is not death the common lot of all? Yet the unbelievers said it was because we had followed the Jesus doc- trine, and yet others cooled off in their minds little by little until their minds fell completely and only the Buddhist and I were left.

I cannot tell it all, how he took the typhus and died and how there was none to help but a young wife and an old father-in-law. And I because I was a believer I thought to take no hurt from the disease and attended him until he left the world.

He besought me to write a letter to a missionary and make words to the effect that he had sinned grievously and must fall into hell for that his wife had called in a devil exorcist to drive away the devils of his illness, but he bade me say that it was done when he was without senses and knew it not, by others in the house and he would know if this was a sin laid to his door. So I and one other wrapped the body in matting and tied it round and round with straw rope and buried it on the mountainside alone and there was no coffin.

I took his Bible and hymn book and the useless roll-book of our church and went away and was a Christian no more for many days, but all the while there was a heaviness in my heart and my conscience was unclean for that I visited the market even on the Lord's Day.

I was no Christian then, but one day a young colporteur came to the' market place and preached, and when one jeered at him in the crowd I bade the disturber hold his peace that all might hear the words and the young man also said to me: "Do you also know the doctrine?" My heart burned but I was afraid and I said "I have known . something. "

I held the young man's bag while he spoke standing on some sacks of rice in the market place, and all the people listened for his words-were good and new. So I followed him even to another market place and held his books while he preached and a certain scholar in that place believed and because he was a noted man and had a following, a church grew up there, but it was not my home village· and my mind was not warm towards the doctrine then. I did not put my name on the roll books then though certain ones urged me to do so, even one who had been a companion of my childhood. Is not his name Pak Sun Tal ¥ The manuer of his urging was this. It happened that a certain market day fell on the Lord's Day for it often will when our market days run once in five and the Lord's Day once in seven. I rode upon my horse to go to

MR. PAIK EARLY SPRING TELLS HIS STORY

market. By the crossing of Peace River I met Pak Sun Tal who had become a Christian.

"Whither~" He said only. "To attend the market," I answ(>r~d. Then he said: "You also were a believer once.• Rave you forgotten that it is the Lord's Day~" I was minded to make a surly reply and a lying one withal, and to say even that a man must live and how could he live and still be idle one day in seven and tha,t I greatly needed the profit of that day's trade. I say I was minded to say all this but I looked do'Wll sidewise at Pak Sun Tal and there were no words in my mouth to make reply, for I saw his garment that it was worn and frayed while my own was silk and in my heart I knew that of us two he was less able to be idle than I if that were all. He seemed to know my thought for he said simply: "The Lord has a way. He knows how to make up the time we give to Him." But my mind was proud and stubborn and I lied and said, I must needs go, for a reason; so Pak Sun Tal went on sadly but I think he too prayed for me. They made me a judge of the market in those days and I sat on the judge's seat and those who had quarrels over their wares brought them before me and I settled their disputes and in that market my word was law. But with some I had the name of Jesus believer because once I had attended the church in the house of the former Buddhist monk, only none of my family believed. Their time had not yet come. This also is strange. God has times for certain things. You believe it do you not T And when His time comes then things must happen, but my family's time to repent had not yet come.

Then came the great trial. Our family was eight food-mouths in all. Then three of my sons died one after another. Was not God arousing me 1 And myoId mother desired the sorcerer to drive away the evil spirits that were bringing sorrows on our house, but I would none of it for my conscience would not let me, though I was no Christian. Only when I was away from home they did so secretly but what was the profit 1 Did not the last of my sons also depart? Then my daughter became ill and the mother was even as one bereft of senses for she said: "It is our only child. "

So they brought the sorcerer with his drum and bells but I would not do obeisance to him, tolching my head to the ground before him who had the familiar spirit as the custom is, though my mother besought me with tears and wailing for she said: "If we do not honor his demon the child will die. He will let it die! Why should she die, only this little one?"

Then she commanded my younger brother to bow before the sorcerer and he refused saying; "The honorable elder brother says it is devil worship and an evil thing and useless. Why should I do it either1" So the sorcerer departed in a rage saying that seven devils sat upon the roof of our house could we but see them.

Then I lay in my room reading. My hand had fallen upon a gospel tract and being drowsy the paper ,fell across my eyes and I slept but in my sleep someone seemed calling, calling, ever calling, till I awoke and looked through the door into the courtyard and behold a devil rope was hung around the house, a devil rope of braided straw with paper prayer fluttering at intervals throughout its length. My mother had done this thing to keep the spirits afar. Also she sought them in prayer-you know the custom. How runs the patter?

"Seven spoons of cold clean rice purified and boiled-fortyfive paces toward the north, a hollow gourd, a straw shoe and a lighted wick in a saucer of oil and a call upon the tree spirits name."

It WaS the call I heard in my slumber. Quickly I arose and seized my writing brush and fiercely ground the ink-cake on the wet stone and wrote letters to all the J esuSI believers whom I knew and bade them to come quickly to my house to pray with me for the child. So in the night we prayed and sang and the wondering villagers thronged the courtyard. And the child lived, for God works miracles in His time. And all my household repented and came out unto Jesus for their time had come and God's time for them. Said I not that God has times 1 In ten years since then has my mother missed one Lord's day from attendance at the church? Though the winter wind whirls down and the snow drifts deeply even to the knees and one would dissuade her from going the long walk to the meeting place, she takes her staff in hand and fares forth across the river, for she says she must needs pray. Have I not also given my life for His service and when it seemed best for the work that I should be called to be an evangelist I left my native village and sold even the land, to live henceforth as the Lord should give support through the church.

As to how by the grace of God I became a helper and an elder and of what befell in the Spring of this year thou knowest very well. . . . Truly of His grace have I received abundantly.

(Yes, we knew very well what befell in the Sprmg of last year. He was one of five men who was seized without warning while sitting in his room at the Theological Seminary, rushed away by the police, tied to a wooden cross and beaten with twenty-nine blows because he was a Korean and a Christian, but he calls it the grace of God!)

HIGHLANDeRS AT HOM!'

"The Albanians-A Forgotten Race"

BY MRS. SEVASTI K. DAKO T HE whole world has become a student of European affairs, conditions and peoples. The maps of the Near East have been examined more diligently than ever before; but in spite of this world wide interest very little is known of Albania and its "Forgotten Race."

Albania is a country blessed with every gift of nature, and has been termed the Switzerland of the Balkans. It is bounded by the Adriatic on the West, by Montenegro on the north; Serbia and Macedonia on the east, and Greece on the south. It comprises the southern part of ancient Illyricum and the whole of Epirus, and commands, by its geographical position, the main entrance 1.0 the Near East.

Into the soil of this beautiful and historical land, the Alballians, the "Sons of Eagle" have thrust deep roots and we date our history as far back as 4,000 years B. C. Every Albanian feels behind him this vast antiquity, giving him personal dignity and great national pride.

For a long time, the origin of the inhabitants of Albania, like 779

that of the Basks of the Pyrenees, has been an enigma for the ethnologists; but they have now succeeded in proving that the Albanians represent the most ancient living race of the Balkans, who have dwelt among their bleak hills from time immemorial. They 'form a distinct nationality and come from the most ancient branch of the Aryan family. They are the direct descendants of the ancient Illyrians, Macedonians, Epirotes, the offspring of the Pelasgians, the first peoples to come to Europe. Illyricum, or Illyria means in Albanian, "the Land of the Free." It was to the forefathers of the Albanians that St. Paul referred when he said, "Round about into Illyricum I have fully preached the gospel of Christ." The Albanians still claim St. Paul as their first missionary.

Albania has its glories. The heroic resistance offered by Albanians in the past against the Romans, the Goths, the Huns, the Serbians, the Bulgarians and the Normans has been nothing short of marvel(}us. Before it was overwhelmed by the Turks, it maintaine'd under its great leader George Kastriota, known better as Scanderbeg, a long and heroic struggle. With Scanderbeg as leader, Albania formed a bulwark of Europe against the Turk, and on his death, in 1467, the Sultan exclaimed, "Asia and Europe are mine at last! Woe to Christendom! It has lost its sword and shield!" It was Albania who fought ardently for half a century Europe's battle of Christianity against Islam and prevented the Crescent from supplanting the Cross in Europe.

It is true that during certain periods of its history, Albania was forced to acknowledge a certain amount of foreign nominal domination; but she never consented to renounce entirely her sovereignty, never consented to give up her national aspirations; her submission being only temporary and apparent. They have survived five great Empires and successfully resisted every effort to denationalize them. They have retained their language, their national customs and traditions throughout all the centuries, thus proving to be incapable of being conquered and assimilated.

In 1912, during the Balkan war, Albania became the bone of contention of Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria and Montenegro, which were contemplating its full partition; but the European Powers stepped in and hindered them from carrying out their programme. Meanwhile the Albanians, under the leadership of their veteran statesman, Ismail Kemal Bey Vlora, proclaimed the independence of their country and appealed to Europe for the integrity of Albania. A month later, the London' Conference, as a confession of the faith in the principle of nationality, sanctioned the independence of Albania, which was proclaimed by the Albanians themselves on November 28, 1912. A great part of the Albanian territory was however unjustly given to Montenegro, Serbia and Greece. In spite

ALBANIA

.AND IT$ UNREDEEMED 'I'ERRtTOFUE~ 781

of this, our neighbors were not satisiied, and at once started and invaded the country anew, and Oestroyed the machinery of the uewly born state, before it had time to get on its feet. The atrocities and massacres committed by thB invading forces during the summer of 1914, just before the outbreak of the great war, will remain a bloody stain in the history of the world.

But with the beginning of the great world's war-considering the solemn pledges made by the representatives of the Allies for the rights of the small nations-a glimmer of hope appeared that Albania, among other nations, was -at last to be granted her just claims for complete independence and national unity; and on this assumption they did their share in helping the Allies' cause. The Peace Conference, however, has traveled far from the principle of nationality in trying to settle the Near Eastern Question. The iirst time the Supreme Council deigned to notice the existence of ~~lbania was to propose its partition between Greece, Jugoslavia and Italy on the basis of the document knOwn as the Pact of Loudon. The Albanians have vehemently protested against this act as an injustice, and have waited patiently hoping that the Allies' representatives, in the name of justice and for the sake of peace in the Balkans, will restore the national unity of Albania, and will grant to the oldest race of Europe the undeniable right to gOVE'rn herself. But all in vain. The statesmen of Europe propose the allocation-of Albania to Italy, Jugoslavia and Greece ;by way of compensation for disappointments elsewhere! The Albanians are determined to iight until the champions of the Greek, Serbian, and Italian imperialistic policies withdraw their troops from Chameria, Kossova and Vallona. The Albanians speak an absolutely unique language, one of the most ancient, and historically one of the most important languagE's of Europe. It can only be compared with the Lithuanian in its importance, as a living witness of her past. Today it is spo~en only hy four million people; but in former times, before the Slavonic invasion, it was spoken over the whole of the Balkan Peninsula. 4mong the national aspirations of the Albanian people, the preservation of their ancient language holds a supremely important place. All their bitterest national struggles have centered round that, as it ts a question of life or death for them, and the women hl'lv~ played the predominant role in this struggle.

Ohristianity reached the Albanian coast as early as the iirst century, and by the third and fourth centuries the Albanians became entirely converted. – In the year 1054, when the Oriental schism took place, Albania being a part of the Eastern Empire, remained with the Eastern Patriarchate, which refused to preach the Gospel in the language of the people, so when the Turks came to Europe, the Albanians were Christians only in name. Adding

THE ALBANIANS-A FORGOTTEN RACE

to this reaSon the ignorance of the Greek clergy, and the love of wearing a sword, symbolizing power, one of the greatest characteristics M the Albanian people; we will easily understand why the majority of the Albanians embraced Islam. Two-thirds of the Albanians are Moslems and the rest Christians, those living in Southern Albania, belonging to the Greek Church, those of the northern part of the country being Roman Catholics.

The first attempt to give to the Albanians the Christian truth in the vernacular was made by the British and Foreign Bible Society which published the N€IW Testament in the year of 1820 in the Albanian language. In spite of the bitter opposition of the Greek clergy who regarded the circulation of the Holy Scriptures in Albanian as contradictory to all church orders and impious, the Eible Society published two new editions of the New Testament, one in 1838 and another in 1872. The people received them enthusiastically, for they saw in the work of the Bible Society the only scheme that will awake and consolidate the nation.

A few years later another important step was made in this direction by the late Gerasim D. Kyrias, who after graduating from the American Collegiate of Samakov (Bulgaria), went to Kortcha and for the first time preached the Gospel in the vernacular, in the presence of a large crowd, both Christians and Moslems. He was heartily congratulated for this noble step and earnestly begged by his compatriots to remain permanently at Kortcha and start a systematic Christian work among his people. Encouraged by these earnest invitations, he made an appeal to his American and English friends for help and in 1891, after the writer graduated from the American College at Constantinople, he founded the first and only Albanian girls' school. It was natural that the idea originated with him for he was in a position to see the great advantage of Christian education and the misfortune involved in the lack of it and to respond to the voice and dumb yearning of the Albanian youth fQr the knowledge which gives power and light. This institution has been the center of uplift and enlightenment, not only for young people, but also for women, who did not have the opportunity of attending school in their young days.

To a great extent, the Albanians still live a patriarchal life. Each family has its own leader, the oldest member of the family, and the younger members have to obey his orders. In Albania thp hearth is the altar and the throne of the nation's life, and she who presides in the home is inviolate and inviolable in her virtue where- ('ver she goes. Matrimonial alliances are regulated by the head of the house with the most rigid observance of rank and precedence. The men and women descending from a common ancestor, though remote, regard one another as brothers and sisters. Marriage between cousins separated by twelve generations is not thought of,

though the. church permits it. The betrothal in infancy still prevails in Albania. The betrothed girl and boy can marry no other. In case the girl refuses she swears to remain virgin and this entitles her to inherit property if there is no son in the family.

The marriageable age is 14 to 17 for the girls and 18 and over for the boys. The bride is brought to the parental home of the bridegroom, where she is to remain under the orders of the parents-in-Iaw until she herself becomes head of a family.

-rrhe highest aspiration of an Albanian wife is to be the mother of boys. This gives her great authority in the home, to which she has come as a stranger. In her old age, she looks forward to their support and affection and feels amply rewarded to be able to have her grandsons grow around her.

The Albanian men treat women with great consideration; consuit them freely in their affairs, both private and public, and accord them a position in the family equal to their own. To such an extent, indeed, is the respect for women carried by the Albanians that it is contrary to their notions of propriety ever to make women the subject of jokes or humorous stories. Well do women merit the respect of their husbands and brothers, and often prove themselves to be fit companions for men, unmindful of fatigue, danger and even death in the cause of liberty. Whenever the armies of the enemy menaced the privileges, of which the people of Albania had always been proud, it was the women who were the first to give the alarm and to excite the men to resist to death, themselves following in the combat. Restraining the tears, so natural to their sex, they 'Would carry the mutilated bodies of their loved ones among the combatants in order to excite them to avenge their death; and the same women refused to receive back into their homes the husbands or sons who had turned their backs upon the enemy. Albanian women are often entrusted with negotiations for truce and peace. Such being the character of the Albanian woman, it is not sur- prising that they have played a considerable part in the history of their country. The strength and influence of the mother in moulding the sentiment and the ideals of her children is great. She has always been opposed to Islam, because she has instinctively felt that Islam with its polygamy and divorce is a danger both to the rights of women and to the sacredness of the family. To her great credit she has been victorious in this "holy war," for even after five centuries, although the majority of the Albanians became Moslems still they are a monogamous people.

The Albanian woman has been equally successful in fighting for the preservation of our national traditions, customs and language, and although unlettered she fought bravely against many powerful, organized foreign propagandas, which for centuries have

worked to denationalize and assimilate the Albanians. History gives us a list of celebrated Albanian women and the wide field in which distinction has been won.

The education of the vast majority of Albanian girls is still of a purely domestic character. They take an active part in household duties, and each one also has the important task of getting ready her trousseau. This begins with the spinning and weaving of the various stuffs, cotton, woolen, linen, silk, of which they make a multitude of elaborately embroidered garments. The peasant and country girls generally help also in tending the flocks on the hills, fetch water from the fountains and lead a life of health and industry.

The future of the Albanian women depends largely on the political and religious future of the country. Given an opportunity to develop they will prove to be fine strong women who can take advantage of education.

The American Board sent its first missionaries to Albania in 1907, Rev. and Mrs. Phineas B. Kennedy, who are endeavoring to help the people both by living and doing. They have proved to be most earnest and zealous in their work and their noble efforts will surely be amply rewarded according to God's promises.

There is probably no wider field and greater opportunities open for the Gospel of Christ and more in need of the new life and its blessings than this old race, which has for centuries struggled for better things. Albania now more than ever feels the need of a strong sympathetic friend, while this new era with its overpowering evidences of selfishness, greed and force tramples the rights of the weak.

Who is to be Albania's Good Samaritan? She needs a friend to educate her and to present to her the highest Christian principles, now when she is about to start anew her national life. This great undertaking can be entrusted only to Christian America. Many would not have thought that the simple truths of repentance and salvation could have produced so much intelligence and patriotism as to revolutionize the whole Orient. But this has come about through Christian influence.

What America has done for the women of the other countries Rhould be done for Albania. The seed of righteousness must be sown to give strength of character and purity of ideals on which depend the success and greatness of nations. The unhappy Albanians, trodden down for 500 years, yearn for a spiritual new birth. These people are endowed with characteristics which, if moulded in the right way, will make the nation a power for His glory.

Woman's Christian College

BY REV. A. K. REI SCHAUER, TOKYO, JAPAN Executive Secretary of the Board of Trustees J APAN as a nation believes in education. It is her boast that 98% of the children of primary school age (a. 6 years' course) are in schools. There are almost as many girls as boys in these schools. In Sunday-schools the enrolment is about 330,000 and the ratio between boys and girls is two to one in favor of the boys. In schools above the High School grade the enrolment is something over 50,000. The ratio between men and women in these schools is about forty to one in favor of the men. But this is not all; the government has recently launched a new program for higher education which calls for the establishment of 33 new colleges and the enlargement of existing institutions, entailing the expenditure of millions of yen. Not one of these new schools and not one cent of these n€!W millions is for the higher education of young women. At the same time we must remember that the women of Japan are coming into new prominence in the life of the nation.. The new Woman's Christian Oollege in Tokyo has therefore an opportunity almost unprecedented in the history of Christian education on the mission fields. It would be difficult to find anywhere an investment which promises greater dividends in termR of a better Christian womanhood and purer homes than this inyestment for the Christian education for women leaders of Japan. In the Tokyo Imperial University the student body represents bright and ambitious young women who are destined to be the lead- {'l'S of tomorrow in all walks of life open to women. As a large percentage of them are earnest Christians they represent in a large measnre the hope of Christianity in Japan.

The Woman's Christian College of Japan (Tokyo Joshi Daigaku) isa Union Missionary InstitlJ,tion founded in April, 1918. Its first class opened with an enrolment of 84 students; and the second year enrolment was 153, with 124 other students attending a few lectures each week. The college admits gra!fuates from the J;~ive Year Girls' High Schools to its one year preparatory course. It offers five courses extending over a period of three years, and students who have finished one of these courses may be admitted to the two years' graduate course. The length of the entire course is therefore six years and takes a girl through her 17th year of education. The courses offered at present are five in number, viz.: Liberal Arts, English Language and Literature, Japanese Language and Literature, Social Service and Business. As soon as 786 THE PRESENT BUILJ;lING OF THE WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN COLLEGE. TOKYO the college is housed in permanent quarters it will offer courses also in Science, Ho~sehold Science, Music and probably in Kindergarten Training. The subject of education is given a large place in the curriculum and so a student may prepare herself for teaching in any of the above mentioned lines.

A striking feature of the college is the atmosphere of freedom and friendliness that binds teachers and students together. There is little of that stiff lecture system in ·which the professor does all the talking and the student simply takes notes as in preparation against the evil day of examinations. The students' are constantly urged to do their own thinking and to do much collateral 'reading: Tht) college has cut down the class room hours to 18 or 20 per week, whereas in many government schools for men they run as high as 30 or 32 a week.

Religion has not only a place in the curriculum but a live place in the various activities of the college. About 60% of the students are Christians, and the Social Service course ptomises to be the most popular. This course has already attracted the attention of the Government to such an extent that the Home Department is giving two scholarships of yen 300 each. This is, as far as We know, the only case in which the Impel'ial Government of Japan gives scholarships toa Christian· SC'hoot TheCollege' was founded and is maintained by the following

denominations: Baptist (North), Canadian Methodist, Disciples, Methodist Episcopal (North), Presbyterian (North), Reformed Church in America. The Congregational Church will also be represented in the College in the very near future and two or three others may join.

In America the interests of the college are promoted by a joint committee representing the cooperating denominations. In Japan there is a Board of Trustees consisting of missionaries and Japanese Christians. A Supporters' League has just been formed which consists of the following prominent Japanese: Viscount Koneko (Chairman), Baron Sakatoni, Baron Shikisawa, Baron Kanda, Baron Nakajima, Hon. S. Ebara, Member of the House of Peers; Mr. Inone, President of the Bank of Japan; Mr. Ono, Vice- :President Commercial Bank; Mr. Kushida of the Mitsubishi firm; Messrs. Fukui and Youeyoma of the big Mitsui Company, Mr. Kadono of the Okura Company, and Mr. Nagao of the Imperial Railroad Bureau.

The President of the College is Dr. lnazo Nitobe, one of Japan's leading educators and best known authors. He is also one of Japan's representatives on the secretariat of the League of Nations. The Dean is Miss Tetsu Yosui, an earnest Christian woman who stand in the very front rank of educators. The faculty is composed of excellent teachers, many of the lecturers being professors also. How much will it cost in lives and money to establish this new institution f The College already has attracted to itself a fine group of Christian women and men who are giving the best of their lives to its welfare. Already. the Christians of America are making some rather generous appropriations for carrying on its splendid work, but the institution is housed at present in small rented quarters. It needs an adequate equipment as the first thing. Twenty-three acres ·of land have been purchased at a cost of $135,000. The building program for the next five years calls for the erection of a chapel, library, academic hall, science hall, administrative building, gymnasium, eight dormitories, four residences and some smaller buildings. The CQst of these buildings will be approximately $350,000. Unless there is a drop in the cost of building materials it will not be possible to erect the proper sort of buildings for the amount mentioned.

But whatever the cost may be in lives and money it is plain fhat in the great task of winning Japan for Christ and the Christian way of doing things, an institution like this new college is really indispensable. It is the most effective way in which the Christian womanhood of America can help the womanhood of Japan to achieve all that is best and truest. None of the great problems which face Japan, such for example as the old social evil and the new industrial situation, which crushes its tens of thousands each

CHRISTIAN TRAINING FOR JAPANESE CHILDREN

year, can, hope to find a real solution without the leadership of educated Christian 'Women. The great problem of giving a nation true homes, and not mere houses, will depend for its solution upon Christian women. The standard of the civilization of any nation can be best measured by the place occupied by its women, for they determine largely the atmosphere of the home and so shape the ideals of the next generation. It may be true that women are the weaker sex, but after all the mother determines largely what sort of a man her son will be; and therefore the surest way and the shortest cut to make over a nation is to make over its womanhood.

An institution, therefore, that has not only high educational stand- ards but that is permeated with lofty Christian ideals can not fail to be an immense factor in the rebirth of a great nation. '

A Christian Training for Japanese Children BY HORACE E. COLEMAN, TOKYO, JAPAN Field Secretary for Japan of the World's Sunday School Association T HE coming of the next World's Sunday School Convention to Tokyo will not only be a demonstration of Christianity to the Japanese but will bring to Japan the best opportunity she has ever had for the promotion of Bible study through the Sundayschool. Probably no other nation thinks more of her children than the Japanese, and with some training the young people of Japan make very good Sunday-school workers. You see children everywhere in Japan, and it seems as though we could have a Sunday-school in almost every block if only we had the workers.

The Christian Sunday-school is one of the best means of opening up a new district for evangelistic work, and a splendid way of gaining a vital touch with the homes. For this reason the Sunday-school and other activities for children are often the chief work in a new preaching place. In Kobe there is today a large independent church that has grown up entirely through the development of a little Sunday-school; and from the heginning has had no financial help from foreigners.

The Sunday-school too affords the' best opportunity to make use of volunteer workers. There is in Shikoku a crippled man who was saved from the verge of committing suicide, and has become an earnest Christian. Before he became a Christian, this man thought his life useless; now he is teaching the elements of the Gospel to four or five hundred children and older people every week through Sunday-schools that he sltarted and is carrying on through his own efforts.

The preparations for the World's Sunday School Convention in October has stimulated interest in Sunday-school work all over

BOYS IMITATING BUDI;>HIST FESTIVAI,S IN JAPAN Japan, and we hope that this convention will do much to break down prejudice, and to op~n the door for Sunday-school work. For this larger opportunity we have prepared a forward program to meet the need. This program calls for equipment for the Summer Training School at Karuizawa, enrolling on the average about one hundred earnest Sunday-school workers from all parts of Japan. A Japanese business man, not a Christian, has already given the land needed for a lecture hall and four dormitories. J;-'our new secretaries are also called for to take charge of special features of the work-one to develop the elementary department, and one man and one woman to work for the young people's department for boys and girls. A strong man is also required to devote his attention to the adult department and teacher training. With such additional secretaries we can train those who shall have charge of these departments in the Christian schools all over Japan, besides training men and women as teachers and officers in the Sunday schools of the country.

The World's Sunday School Convention in Tokyo will bring hundreds of delegates to Japan who 'will see the great opportunity and we are hoping and praying that their intelligent interest will make possible a great development of the work in the next few years.

CANTON RIVER FRON'!' AND rl'S BOAT

The Work of Canton Christian Collcg-e BY MAHLON H, DAY, NEW YORK CI'I'Y Home Secretary for Canton Christian College ·AN'I;ON is the metropolis of Kwangtung, a province with a population of thirty million people, and famous for its polit- Cical, commercial and industrial leadership. In education this province has been backward. With a population of eight or ten millions between the ages of six and twenty there are only about 210,000 pupils in primary schools. Canton Christian College, founded by Dr. A. P. Happel', of the American Presbyterian'Mission, is the. only school in K wangtung which is doing full College work.

Canton itself is a city of approximately two million people, and ·students come there not only from the province of which it is the capital but from other provinces, from the Straits Settlements, and even from Australia and New Zealand. When we consider the contiguous territory it is not too much to say that this college is in a position to serve the needs of 50 million people! one-eighth 791

of the entire population of China, and equal to nearly one-half that of the United States.

The opportunity of Canton Christian College is to be measured not simply by the numbers of the population but by the character of its students. One of the pro- fessors of Columbia University after a trip to the mission fields said, "Very few missionary c{)l- leges seemed to me to have the quality of students you are se- curing. An American, resident in North China for thirty years, writes: "The Cantonese among whom you are working are bright- tr and mentally more alert than any other section of the Chinese popUlation. They are now play- ing an important part in the mod- ernization of the country and are destiIl{ d to playa still larger part in the future." De. Henry li'owlcr who is familiar with all parts of China says, "The South- DR. A. P. HAPPER, ern student is proverbially in- Founder of Canton Christian College telligent and the College has choice material on which to WILLIAM HENRY GRANT work." These statements from S~cr~tary of Trustet:s of Canton Christian College men who are familiar with China give some idea of the quality of the students with whom the College works. To train such students is to affect the future of China and the world.

The first thing that marks Canton Christian College as an unusual institution is the rapidity of its growth. Its inception dates from 1884 when Dr. Andrew P. Happer received a petition signed by mon~ than four hundred leading Chinese asking that a Oollegl: be started at Call1ton. Little real progress was made however until 1904 when work was begun on the present site. fn

THE WORK OF CANTON CHRISTIAN COLLE:GE

February of that year four teachers, two of whom-C. K. Ed- munds,now president, and H. B. Graybill, now Professor of Education and Principal of the Middle School-are still with the College, came from Macao where the institution had moved on ac- count of the Boxer uprising, camped in a small house boat and surveyed the tract of land that had b~en seeured as a site for the College. In September of that year work was begun. In a re- port covering the fifteen years on the present location President Edmunds said, "Perhaps the most striking feature of the in- stitution since 1904 has been the rapidity of its growth. The campus has increased from thirty acres to over one hundred and thirty; two long wooden bunga- lows which provided shelter for the whole institution in the first years are now supplemented not only by a score of other tempor- DR. C. K. EDMUNDS, PRESIDENT ary buildings, many of which are Canton Christian Collere DR. WING ,(WONG CHUNG of brick, but by twenty-five per- Vice-President for Chin~se Affairs manell t fire-resisting and ant- proof buildings, with five more in course of construction. The stu- dent body has grown from sixty to six hundred and the staff from six Americans and six Chinese to thirty-one Americans, two Brit- ish, and fifty one Chillese (not counting wives who do not teach). The budget of current expenses has risen from twenty thom;and dollars (Hong-kong currency) to over two ·hundred thousand dol- lars annually."

Even these enthusiastic figures do not fully represent the pres- ent situation. Since that r eport was written several acres have been added to the campus, four other buildings have been COlli-

pleted, making thirty-four permanent buildings, which with the twenty temporary ones, make a total of fifty-four buildings. At the present time three staff residences and three village houses, two workmen's barracks, a student store, and a pier at the river front are in process of construction. The Chinese have contributed $50,000 toward a seventy-five thousand dollar secondary school building. The Silk 'Association of America has recently raised the money for a building for silk culture. The growth of the student body and staff is keeping pace with the growth in buildings.

The second thing that marks Canton Christian College as an unusual institution is its hold upon the Chinese. Even though the College has an American Board of Trustees it enjoys an increasing support from the Chinese. This is shown not only in their personal interest, in their willingness to send their sons and daughters to the College, but by their financial support. The. relationship between the College and the Chinese community is most cordial. q Ling Naam" is known far and wide among the Chinese. Leading Chinese, including officials, are frequent visitors. On the occasion of the recent anniversary there were forty-five hundred guests on the campus.

Many Americans seem to have the idea that education is being forced upon the Chinese and that in order to get them to attend a Christian school it is nec€ssary to offer the courses free. Nothing could be farther from the truth. Students at Canton Christian College pay tuition the equivalent of that paid by students in the best American colleges. The College received last year (1919- 1920) more than one hundred and fifty-six thousand dollars (Hongkong currency) in tuition and other fees from students, which is more than two-thirds of the entire running expense of the imrtitution.

But Chinese participation is not limited to student fees. They are contributing generously to the support of the institution. The Chinese gifts for the year 1918 amounted to $103,006, including $7,106 contributed by the Chinese in America. Of the permanent buildings the Chinese have given the five large dormitories, four of the elementary school buildings, the College infirmary, and the. guest house. Of the $162,000 to be spent for new buildings during 1920, $103,500 is from Chinese sources. We believe this record to be unique not only for China but for similar institutions on any mission field.

The third thing that characterizes Canton Christian College is its educational standards. Thirty-five years ago, when Canton Christian College was conceived, comparatively few believed in Missionary Colleges. To be an advocate of this policy and to attempt to put it into practice required both faith andc6urage. THE ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, CANTON CHRISTIAN COLLEGE Canton Christian College was founded upon the idea that well educated Christian leaders are needed to help usher in the new day.

Believing in the educational method, Canton Chdstian College has insisted upon high educational standards. It has believed that the surest way to reach and hold the Chinese was by doing an honest piece of educational work. It has, therefore, insisted that a complete Elementary School course should precede entrance to the Secondary School, that only graduates of an accredited Secondary School should be allowed to enter the College without conditions, and that a full list of college students must be studied before degrees were granted.

By adopting this course Canton Christian College has been accredited by the Association of American Universities, so that its students can enter corresponding classes in the leading American colleges and its graduates can enter, without examination, the professional schools of American Universities. To do work of equal grade with colleges in America is not an easy task, and that it is being done in spite of all the difficulties is greatly to the credit of the institution. It is also one of the chief reasons for the faith which the Chinese have in the College. But above all, the policy has been approved by the spiritual results. The College believes that education is the surest guarantee of an intelligent faith, a sub- ~tantial Christian character, and a life of real usefulness. By this method it has been able to gain the confidence of the Chinese and thus to give Christianity standing and make all Christian work easier. As Bishop A. T. Howard, D. D., has said, "I appreciate fery much the extent and especially the quality of work being done 1n Canton Christian College. The college .is making a very great (lontribution to the uplift of all South China."

A fourth thing that marks Canton Christian College as an unrumal institution is the Christian spirit and work of the College. Some have reared that a college founded on a non-denominational basis might not .IPaintain its evangelical character. The fact is that the Christian atmosphere at the college is a most striking feature. pro Sherwood Eddy, on the occasion of his recent visit to China, paid glowing tribute to what Canton Christian College was doing religiously for its students. Rev. George H. McNeur, for twenty ~ears a missionary at Canton, said recently: "I have followed the history of Canton Christian College with increasing admiration, I like the splendid way in which the "Christian" in the name has been justified. I appreciate the way in which your council and faculty-both Chinese and foreign-have sought to make the College subservient to the building of a Christian Church in Kwangtung. "

The doors of the College are open to all students qualified by character and attainment to enter, irrespective of religious belief. Christian instruction, however, is a part of the regular curriculum in all grades; daily chapel and weekly Sunday-school and preaching services are held. Though comparatively few students are Christian when they come, at least ninety per cent of those who stay two years or more voluntarily become Christians. In recent years from seventy-five to one hundred students have each year made public profession of faith in Christ.

The Student Christian Association furnishes a channel through which the students give practical expression to their religious life. The students raise twenty-five hundred dollars each year. They carryon a school for farm children, a night school for workmen and· servants, and, under the direction of the girl students of the College, four village girls' schools. In these extension schools there are 250 pupils. They have a Sunday-school for each of these groups. In addition they maintain a room in one of the villages which is run as a social center. Preaching bands go out each SUhday. Last summer the students had a leading part in the Daily Vacation Bible School Movement which has just been launched at Canton, and which bids fair to be a large factor in that vicinity. I know of no American College where there is such a normal, wholesome religious atmosphere, where so large a propor-

THE WORK OF CANTON CHRISTIAN COLLEGE

STUDENTS OF THE DEPT. OF ARTS AND SCIENCES, CANTON CHRISTIAN <;:OLI.EGE tion of students are won to Christ, or where the students them- selves are doing such practical and efficient Christian work.

Canton Christian College is an evangelical but a non-sectarian, Christian institution. It is org.!lnized under the laws of the State of New York ·and grants degrees by authority of the Board of Regents. Its affairs are managed hy an independent Board of Trustees with offices in New York City and by a Council on the field. The Board of Trustees and the Advisors of the. College are composed of a number of well-known men of various denomina- tions. The Baptist, Congregational, Episcopalian, Lutheran, Methodist, Presbyterian and United Brethren Churches and the Society of Friends are represented on the teaching' staff. '

Canton Christian College, being an . independent ,institution, is not financed by the denominational boards as such. The London Missionary Society maintains a man on the staffb'ut is the only Board that now has any financial responsibility in the work. The College is supported partly P..Y money received from tuitio:rt 'i~('ls, partly by gifts from the Chine,se all,d partly fr<?m fund$/~op- ,tributed, chiefly by Americans~iIiterested in ChrisWm educ'at'ionin China. The work : of,; the College: has appe~dedii!tx)': ·'111)) Aincreasing

constituency. Eight American colleges-:-Columbia, Kansas State, Pennsylv~nia, Penn State; University of Pittsburgh, Williams, Washington and Lee, and Vassar are helping to support representatives on the staff at Canton as their contribution to education in China.

. While Canton Christian College has had a wonderful growth it has not been able to keep pace with either the needs or the opportunities. Every availabl~ class room and laboratory is crowded.

China is the strategic mission field. No other country at the present time offers such large returns for the Kingdom of God. China can be made modern and Christian, and can become a great ;force for righteousness and for the peace of the world. Every Christian desire to spread Christian liberty and truth in the Far :East, evp.ry wish to secure the welfare of mankind, as well as every deRire to establish the Kingdom of Christ, all these motives urge upon Christians everywhere to help Canton Christian College in its great work for the redemption of China.

M0 ,..

.-I o~· AR~AS S~RV~D BY .THF; CHRISTIAN .COI,I,~GF;S It. CHINA

China's Need of

BY DR. CHENG CHING YI, SHANGHAI Secretary of the "China for Christ Movement"

I T WAS a challenge to faith when Morrison came to preach the Gospel to the people of this land over a century ago, when China was absolutely closed to the Christian religion and foreign intercourse. It was faith that encouraged that man of God to move forward in spite of untold opposition and difficulties.

That faith has honored God and, what is more, God has honored that faith tOO!

It is also a challenge to faith today, but in a larger measure, for us who are called of God to take part in the great divine task of leading men to Christ, when both the country and the hearts of the people are widely open to receive the glad tidings which the Christian messenger has to bring to them.

To neglect such a Divine call is a sin, and to shrink from such a great responsibility is unpatriotic on the part of subjects of the Kingdom of God.

Pardon me for putting it so bluntly. I am convinced that this is a time of times; this is the day of the Lord; and the doors of opportunity are clearly maJ;ked with the word" PUSH!"

Dr. Eddy was right when he said, during his recent visit to China, that "politically China has never been so dark as it is today, but spiritually never so bright."

In speaking of the Christian opportunity in China we are not unconscious of the difficulties and drawbacks and even the dangers that confront the infant Christian Church in this country; how largely the Church is still dependent upon foreign friends for financial support; how meagre is our Church leadership; what inadequate provision we have for training men and women for the work (jf the ministry; how pathetic it is that at least half of our Christians cannot have direct access to the Word of God because of their inability to read; how little we really know of the deep things of God; how small is still the influence of the Christian Church upon society and the nation; and how few are definitely and constantly serving the Lord and their fellow men with a pure motive, an unselfish aim and a sacrificial spirit. For all these shortcomings we bow our heads before the Lord with true humility and deep sorrow.

At the same time we cannot close our eyes to the fact that the Church is facing today an unparalleled opportunity such as it has •At the China·for·Christ Conference recently held in Shanghai, more than a hundred missionaries and Chinese Christian. launched the China·for·Christ movement. Dr. ChenK Chin.. YI, Secretar,. of the China Continuation C()mmitteo;.. struck the keynote in a &'Teat speech which Ihould be re.d ear… fully by every Christian. Dr. .-hen.. was later selected as ..eneral .ecretlLr7 of the Chin.·f….. Christ movement.

never had before-certainly not in the time of the opening of the ports for commercial intercourse with foreign nations j nor in the time of the formation of the Republic which has so recently taken place.

Why is the Christian Church in need of such a movement at the present time?

,/First, because there is an unusual willingness on the part of the more enlightened classes outside of the Christian Church to study and investigate Christian truth. Many have realized that the nation is desperately in need of help and guidance which can be supplied by Christianity alone. There is hope in Christianity because it has a living Lord, Jesus Christ.

Many men of education are coming to the Christian Church to study the Word of God, and are even willing to identify themselves with the Christian Church. Man after man who used to despise Christianity and would not even glance at its printed pages is now coming to regard it as the hope for China.

On the one hand you have those deeply interested in Christianity, who entertain large hopes in Christ for the saving of the nation, while on the other there are loud voices of protest against the Divine Son of God. It means-at least so it seems to me-two things.

In the first place, it shows the restlessness and discontent of men's souls; longing for something, or someone, that can put China's house in order. In the second place, it shows that the influence of Christianity is being felt and recognized by men who have the love of their country at heart.

The second reason why we need a great forward movement is because there is a readiness for action, for service, and even for sacrifice, within the Christian Church today.

One may safely say that the Chinese Christians have never been so willing and ready to take part in the divine task of serving their fellowmen and of extending the Kingdom of God on earth.

(1) Whatever form this work may take it must certainly be a spiritual movement.

Deep down in the hearts of men the greatest need is a spiritual one. Many methods have been tried to satisfy that need and have failed. The Christian Church is essentially a spiritual institution. Every activity of the Church should be the expression of its spiritual nature and such alone can satisfy the deepest need of the world today.

(2) Next in importance is that whatever form it may take the movement should be launched at once. We are facing an unusual opportunity"that demands prompt action. "Strike while the iron is hot" shciuld be applied to the present situation.

CHINA'S NEED OF CHRIST

DR. CHENG CHING·YI Secretary j)f China Continuation Committee and Leader of "China for" Christ Movement"

We cannot afford to lose time, or be absorbed in non-essential things. Things are moving rapidly and they call for an immediate movement on the part of all the Christian forces in China.

(3) In the next place it is essential that whatever form this movement may take it should be a movelllentthat is capable of being carried through. I mean b)' that, that whatever form it may take iT should certainly not be a mere paper scheme, ot empty talk~ which does not lead us very far. . ' . '. '. ' . ' . . . ' (4) Whatever formihe moven)~mF'may)'tak~ it'should' be a

Chinese movement; a movement that aims at the developing of the Chinese Church. " ""

Foreign missions in China are the scaffolding and the Church the permanent building itself. It is not a day too soon to begin to lay more emphasis on the strengthening of the Church, so that in all our policy and· work it shall be Church-centric rather than mission-centric.

What then are some of the urgent and concrete things which should be taken up by the Christian Church in such a forward movement?

There is the appalling fact that at least half of the members of the Christian Church in China today cannot get direct access to the Word of God, not because of unwillingness but because of ina- bility. The Bible is not an open book to them because of illiteracy.

What a hindrance to progress and advancement in one's spiritual life!

Furthermore the question of illiteracy is not merely a Church question j it is a question of the nation as well. It thrills one's imagination with joy to think what a great object-lesson it would be to the whole nation if the Christian Church can, after a given period of time, declare to the non-Christian world that all of the 400,000 Christians in China can read and write!

We value highly the generous and sacrificial spirit of our friends abroad in thus trying to help the work in our country. We need all the money and men they have asked for and a good deal more, but on one condition, and that is that we should at the same time make the spiritual life of the Chinese Church rise to the occasion that will put her in a position to meet the unusual situa- tion.

We can readily see what a power for good such gifts will mean to us, yet at the same time" we must, as soon as possible, realize our .own obligation and shoulder our own responsibility according to the light that has come to us from above.

Again we are facing the important question of securing men and women of the right type for the Christian ministry. What can be done in this matter more than has already been done1 Let us mention a few of our needs at the present time in this direction. The securing of more men and women for direct evange- listic work is our first need j the securing of men and women of the right type who are willing to put themselves either upon the field for service, or the altar for sacrifice, is our second need; the pro- viding of efficient institutions for such purposes is our third need; the safeguarding of the integrity pi the Word of God is our :fourth need. How to meet these needs is a problem that requires careful consideration. Then there is the ever abiding prineip~ of the Christian

Church rea<;hing out to those in the regions beyond. The growth of the Church is measured by its missionary spirit and a<;tivity. The Christian must come out of the narrow and somewhat selfish con- ception of caring only for the Church with which he or she is con- nected.

If reference here is only made to the work of the Yunnan Mis- sion it is simply because this is better known to the present speaker.

Similar incidents can no doubt be cited in connection with the work of other home mission movements.

Since the commencement of the Yunnan Mission, a year ago, the Christians of many provinces have taken a very keen interest in it, and even friends abroad have shown their interest in the wGrk by rendering practical help to the movement. About $10,000 has been given to the work, nearly all of which came from Chinese sources.

There is also the great realm of Christian work on social and moral welfare questions. What does Christian citizenship mean 1 What is the contribution of Christianity to the social and moral welfare of the people T Where does the Christian Church stand in relation to social principles 1 What should be the voice of the Christian Church in regard to social sins 1 What remedies has it to offerT What obligations have we, as Christians, in the better- ment of the social life of our people 1 Are we prepared to uphold the truth, attack the evil, and up-lift the down trodden 1 What are our limitations and what are our possibilities 1 * • * * ~ The whole of the Christian propaganda is the greatest ad- venture in the world.

Are we bold enough to face the difficult situation? Under such circumstances are we daring enough to capture the unparalleled opportunity in taking China for Christ? Are we brave enough to tackle the humanly speaking impossible task, relying on the assur- ance that there is nothing impossible with God? Are we determined to act in accordance with the times and do our utmost to win China for the Lord 1 My heart is burning within me. The thought of a failure on our part to rise to the occasion for a forward, immediate, nation- wide, spiritual movement makes me shudder.

Look wherever you like, such a definite step must be taken.

Look at the compassionate Lord on high; look at the opposing forces below; look at the needs of our fellow men around us; and look at the personal obligation within us, and there seems to be no way out of it. We are in it, all of us, and no backing out is pos- sible. Let us rise up to the call and, in the power of the Lord of Hosts, attempt the impossible thing, seeing, in the near future; Christ for China and China for Ohrist.

Soul of the

BY BISHOP HUGH L. BURLESON, SOUTH DAKOTA Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church for South Dakota I T IS a very audacious white man who attempts to speak about the soul of the Indian, and yet perhaps after thirty years in more or less close contact with Indian life-because my father wa,s a missionary on an Indian reservation, and it is almost thirty years ago that I was adopted into an Indian tribe, and I have two Indian' names, and am the bishop of more Indians than all the other bishops of the Episcopal Church put together-because of these things I may feel privileged, perhaps, to delve into the habit, life and thought of the first Americans.

Most of us realize how prone we are to judge other people by our own background and our own framework. I believe therein lies the failure of a good deal of our missionary work. W'e are condescending to people; we are passing them something from a superior height; we who know so much, and are so much, and have so much, are handing it down to somebody less fortunate. All that may be true, but the trouble is that we want to hand down not only the facts, but our interpretation of the facts. We want people not only to take Christianity, but to take the same brand, color, kind and complexion that we have ourselves discovered; and if they fail, we feel there must be something wrong with them. We have tried by governmental processeS' t,o make just a fair average white man out of the Indian. We have not succeeded, I am glad to say, and I hope we never shall, because to try to make a white man out of an Indian is to spoil a perfectly good Indian without making a very satisfactory white man. The same situation exists with regard to the Negro. In other words, we have our own racial way of understanding things, and we must remember, when we are thinking of other races, to think of them in terms of their own surroundings, their own experience and their own ideals of life. The misunderstandings between the Go'Vernment and Indian peoples, the misunderstandings between the Indian peoples and their white neighbors, have largely been a matter of this lack of orientation, this inability to know 'what the other man is thinking about, and why he thinks· as he: ,does. Back of the' things that seem unintelligible to'us, there is' in the Indian a different quality of soul, aoifferent.rattitude toward 'life, ;a differing coricept of things.

When I·· became 18;' Secretary of our Board of Missions, one of set ;he first thing~d had to do was to go' oveir OUr lantern slides, which were sent out free,'rimd iI tackled the on the Indians: ,jOf course it began with a picture of a! war dance':";";"a very poor picture of' a 804 very impossible W8:r dance, but it served the purpose of opening up the subject-and then pretty soon it passed to another picture; two pictures on the same slide, with the legend" before and after." One was the Indian before Christianity had touched him and the other after the light had reached him. The picture representing the Indian before Christianity showed a tepee out on the Dakota prairies, with an Indian squaw splitting wood near the door of the tepee, while in the background an Indian sat smoking his pipe. The after-Christianity view was a picture of an Indian family crossing a river, the woman sitting in the stern of the boat, the man pulling the oars. That was the effect of Christianity upon Indian life! It made the man get up, lay down his pipe and row his wife across the river! I broke that slide, then and there. In the first place, it was pitiful comparison even if true-and it was not true. It was based entirely on our conception of a division of domestic service-the kind of thing a man ought to do, and the sort of thing that seems a woman's task. It had nothing whatever to do with the Christian faith. It would be just as sensible to show an Irishman smoking his pipe in the kitchen while his wife washed the dishes. In the Indian conception of life there is no more reason for the first than for the second. It is merely a question of customs and conventions. It is through that kind of picture and that sort of background that we have interpreted the soul of the Indian. So many times we have taken some little, inconspicuous, unnecessary thing, that was not related to the real, deep questions involved, and have' made it the basis upon which we judge a whole race. Or we have taken something which to us meant one thing and to the Indian another, and have based our judgment on that.

In the soul of the Indian, as I have seen it-and some of them have let me look,-I find qualities which aTe at first sight surprising.

First, I believe the Indian is far more naturally religious than the white man. I think the Almighty God has His hardest job with the Anglo-Saxon race. It is awfully hard for us to be really religious. It is hard to be a Christian in New York. It is hard anywhere. Yet one reason why the Indian is a naturally religious person is because he does not live in New York. He is out on the plains, living the life of the open, the life of God's big world, under the free sky and on' the broad prairie; and it is so much easier to believe in God when you are in His home than when you are separated from Him by scores of secondary causes. It is a great deal easier to believe in the cow when you see her milked than if you get your milk from the milkman. We are living in a wilderness of brick and mortar, and in the midst of a mass of machinery set up to make life good. The Indian is nearer the deep springs. of life, and he realizes that back of them are eternal purposes and

eternal love; And so perhaps it is not because he is of a different nature that he is naturally religious, but· because he has the simpler surroundings which we cannot have. Yet I think that there is an instinctive spirit of religion in the Indian people. I have never seen an Indian who was not a believer in God. Yet we think of going to the Indian as a heathen race. They have had God always, in their daily life. The God they believed in was the Great Spirit. When the Indian went out of the door of his tepee in the morning, he said his prayer to the Spirit who sent the sun; when he smoked his pipe he raised it to the four quarters of the globe and murmured a prayer to the Spirit who sent him the good things of life. Most of the Indian dances that we talk about had a religious significance. Religion went along with the experiences of his life. God was near by. So the first thing I find in the soul of the Indian is a very simple disposition to believe in God, to accept the concept of the spiritual back of the material.

Then, perhaps because of that, perhaps as a part of it, the next thing in the Indian soul that I see is sensibility-a keen quickness of perception of the relations and the portent of things. People think that an Indian is stolid and stupid; that he does not smile, and cannot laugh, and does not discriminate. It is Anglo- Saxon dullness and stupidity that makes us believe that. I am constantly impressed with the thought that they must be laughing at us for understanding them so little. You know how you thought about an Indian in the days when you read the United States history. The Indian was, to you, a sort of tiger, a person of tremendous, tireless patience and relentless cruelty; a beast of prey, not a human being. I remember, as I read the stories of him, how I admired him, as I would some stealthy panther; a splendid thing, but an inhuman thing. Well, the Indian conducted warfare according to his fashion, but I had a letter from one of our Sioux boys, one of a fine group of Indians, who had gone over with the army to France, and he gave a suggestive comment on modern warfare. He said: "I try to do everything they tell me, but some of it seems awful bloodthirsty!" The Indians volunteered far more generously and promptly than the white boys. Not a single district that included an Indian reservation in South Dakota had to resort to the draft, because the Indian boys volunteered so promptly. The first soldier of South Dakota to receive a decoration in France was Chauncey Eagle-Horn, who afterwards gave his life for his country and lies under one of those wooden crosses in France. He was a son of men who fought against our own flag under Red Cloud and Sitting Bull.

Yet, we have thought of the Indian as a stupid, a stolid, an inhuman thing. The Indian in warfare was only trying to defend himself. Put yourself in his place. Think what your soul would

",. THE SOUL OF THE INDlAN 1IJJ1

have been under the same circumstances. We thought of him as a dull person, of small understanding, when all the- time we have been dull ourselves. The Indian's problem is you and me. He can be whatever you and I think he can be. His capacities are fine, but they do not find an outlet unless we believe in him.

Remember what we have done to him in S()merespects. There is the matter of our translation of his language. Some instances of our interpretation of his names will point a moral.. How about, "Young-Man-Afraid-of-His-Horse1" There is stupidity, not in the man who chose the name, but in the white man who made the translation. This was a young warrior of such valor and dauntlessness that the enemy was afraid, not only of him, but even of his horse when it appeared on the horizon. There is some sense in that. Yet the white man called him "Young-Man-Afraid-of-His-Horse."

Another example: A Chippewa chief lies buried on a reservation in Minnesota, and the stone over his grave bears the name "Hole-in-the-Day." Silly, absolutely.siUyl Again the misunder* standing white man. "Hole-in-the-Day" was the son of a young Chippewa chief who started on the warpath against my people, the Dakotas. He had been married but a few months to his young bride and he wished to make a splendid record as a leader. It was the first time he had led the war party, and he led with courage and strategy, but adventured himself so bravely, that the whole party came back victorious but brought their dead chief with them. Shortly afterward the son was born, and his mourning mother called him, "Rift-in-the-Cloud." It is a picture-name. A long dark day of cloud and rain, and shadow and sobbing trees i then, just as the sun sets, its rays break through a rift in the cloud and shine out across the plain. The little lad was a rift in the cloud of her sorrow and we called him "Hole-in-the-Day." And when he was dead, we put a two-ton monument on him and wrote '"' Hole-in-the- Day" on that. Such is our white stupidity.

Thirty years ago my father Was a missionary on the Oneida reservation. I had a little sister, whose blue eyes and golden hair and sunny, sweet disposition completely won the hearts of the Indians. They gave her the name of Gajajawox. I tried to find out what it meant, but the old Indian smiled and shook his head, and said "No put in white man talk." The words did not fit, you see. Again it was a picture. We do not call things by pictures, we call them by names of so many letters. We have a very stiff and definite way of calling things, but the Indian draws a picture for a name. The picture they thought of in connection with my little sister was this: the wind blowing over a field of flowers and bringing you the perfume as it came-the perfume of flowers borne on the summer breeze. Well, we would not have thought of a name like that and the white man, if she had been an Indian maiden1

would have called her, "Smell-on-the-Breeze!" It is impossible for us to give an accurate interpretation of that Mohawk name, and we are unable to get at the sensibilities, and the artistic touch, and the conceptions of beauty and of order that lie in the soul of the Indian. But let us believe in these things, for they are there.

The next thing which I find in the soul of the Indian is some- tbing which we are trying to recognize and minister to, but which we should ha.ve recognized sooner. Deep down in the soul of the Indian, as in the white man, there is a real ambition, a desire for leadership, a wish to do and to accomplish. In many ways still it is the undeveloped desire of a child, and he does not know just what it is he longs for, but the Indian wants to lead, and we have not been quick enough in giving him leadership. That, perhaps, is one of our common failures in missionary policy among foreign people. For the Indian problem is a foreign problem, and labor in the Dakotas is a good preparation for work in China or Japan. We have hrsitated to give responsibility. We have felt that the white man must hold things in his own hands. We have not been willing to trust God with the souls of other people. We have wanted to keep a little hold on them ourselves. We were not quite confident that the riches of the Gospel could be trusted with these people unless we WfTe nearby to help them understand. Yet they will get a different message from ours. God never speaks in the same terms to two human souls, nor to two different races. We must not be afraid to develop their sense of leadership.

I am thankful that I have inherited the wise leadership of a great man. I am a small person standing in the light of a great name. William Herbert Hare was the first bishop of South Dakota and the greatest friend of the Indian in the middle West. He had two convictions with which he began his work, and which he felt were absolutely necessary to success. The first was of the necessity of education. He founded schools, and the most helpful Indian men and women that I have today were educated in these early mission schools of Bishop Hare. Secondly, he believed that you cannot fully and permanently evangelize a people except through men of their own race; you cannot hand down religion as we have sometimes done, saying: "I am the man between these peoples and God." We must introduce Jesus Christ to his own, and let His Spirit work in them. Yet we have feared to trust the fidelity and intelligence of these people, and have not utilized the Indian c:::pacity for leadership. One present and immediate need is to develop leadership among the young people. The desire is there, the ahility is there; it must be trained and carefully handled, but it can he developed. There are twenty-two Indian priests and deacons in South Dakota, and seventy men who serve in a lay ministry. Three- fourths of the services held in our ninety chapels are conducted by

THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN

laymen. What would happen if we were to ask our laymen in the white field to render such service. The Indian is naturally religious, he does not think it remarkable to talk about religion, he discusses it as he would his crops. One is as real to him as the other, and as important. Yet we find it so hard to talk about these things naturally. An Indian man will stand up and make an address with all the simplicity and dignity and directness that you can imagine. He may be totally uneducated, but he can tell you in an effective way what religion means to him. So leadership is possible among the Indians and leadership in religion is already developed.

And then, down in the soul of the Indian, besides these things, I think there is the ability to stand fast; the integrity, the fundamental something that lies at the roots of a race which can be trusted; that something in human character to which you pin your faith. It is in the Indan people. It shows in their self-respect, in their dignity of procedure, in their courtesy towards others. I am sometimes a little ashamed of the attitude of white men toward Indians, in contrast with the courtesy of the Indians toward th('ir white guests. I take people out occasionally to see my Dakotas. They are good people, Christian people, and yet one could see they felt as though they were going to a circus to see the animals. But did my Indian people fail to show courtesy and dignity and respect to them ~ Not at all. These things are fundamental in the Indian character. You never saw an Indian who was knowingly grotesque, or absurd, or foolish, or lacking in self-respect.

In the soul of the Indian are deep principles of character, tremendous possibilities of life and service that very few of us understand because we have approached life from a different angle. '1'he angle is this: The Indian is a natural communist. By which I mean that the Indian thinks in terms of his group. The ,,,hite man always thinks of himself first and his group last. We approach things from the view-point of the individual. The Indian's point of view is that of the group; his relation to and his responsibilty for the group. He thinks in group terms. He has a socialized concept of life. Society has been a definite thing to which he was responsible. The family life and the tribe have an immediate bearing upon all his actions.

Many of the things that we cannot understand are explained by this truth. The only missionary of the Episcopal Church in South Dakota ever killed by Indians was a white priest. He was shot by two Indians who had never seen him before, and to whom he had done no wrong. Apparently an utterly criminal murdersimply the bloodthirsty desire to kill! What other explanation could there be 1 So the white man writes the histories, and this is the answer he gives. Nobody excuses that act. But it was COIll-

mitted by two Indian men who had received a very terrible wrong at the hands of a white man. In their rebellion of soul they swore that when they got out of jail, where the white man had finally landed them, they would kill the first white man they met. Was a there no excuse for them 7 None, except that back irt their con- sciousness was a sense of the responsibility of group for the actions of the individuals who compose it.. They held the white group responsible for the white man's sin. That was a part of their past history. They were unjustified, of course, but back of their act was a deep-rooted sense of justice,-perverted, mistaken, but growing out of a communal sense of society's responsibility for those who compose it. They viewed the matter from a side exactly opposite to ours. They had no quarrel with the individual, they simply believed they were avenging a wrong that had been done to them by white men. Just bear that in mind in your judgments of the Indian peoples. Remember that we are approaching the problems of life from the opposite angle, and that a great many of the things which to us appear strange and unaccountable and wrongside-out, may be explained if you will remember that the Indian is the product of a communized social order, and we are the product of an individualized social order.

Take the thriftlessness in the old days. Then a man would go out, be successful in his hunting, and eat up what he had killed all in one day. Wastefulness we call it; and in a way that is true. But the point was this: he brought in his deer or his buffalo, took what was necessary for his family, and then anybody in the group could come and take what he needed. The hunter did not feel that success had come to him and to him alone. He did not say, "Go to, I must store this up for my owp family in the days to come. " He held that he had had success for the sake of the group, and that it was theirs as much as it was his.

Of course, the Indian must learn some new viewpoints if he is going to compete with the white man in civilized life. He must be able to meet the white man on his own ground. But it is hard to make an Indian believe that mere possession of a thing constitutes an absolute ownership, if someone needs it more than he-and I do not know but that he is right.. Indeed, I hope we are in the way of re-adjusting some of our ideas of society and of economics a little more to the vision of the i30ql of my brother, the Indian.

A GROUP OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS AND A

Korean Christians in Advefsity* BY REV. SAMUEL A. MOFFETT, D. D., PYENG YANG, KOREA The phenomenally rapid spread and development of Christianity in Korea might easily suggest a "mushroom" growth that was neither solid nor permanent. Mass movements are always liable to suspicion, a suspicion, by the way, which is no monopoly of the people in the home lands. Indeed, it is this suspicion that has made missionaries exercise the greatest caution in regard to the baptizing of professing believers. We need not be ashamed of the product of our thirty-five years' work of Christian Missions in Korea, in quality any more than in numbers.

The Korean Church has always been composed of Bible-reading and praying Christians, but the real test of allegiance and fidelity is shown only by the amount one will suffer and sacrifice for a person or cause, and the difficulties one will overcome to practice a principle or belief.

Among the political prisoners now confined in various places in Korea are many Christians. Although some of these Christians are officers of the church, ranking all the way from ordained pastors down to a leader of a small group, yet there are enough other Christians among them to justify the statement that they constitute a fairly representative body of Christians as they are found in the thirteen provinces of the peninsula. These imprisoned men, far from denying their Lord, seem rather to have their ·Condensed from "The KDrea Mission Field.'· 811

spiritual lives deepened and their zeal quickened with every trial and difficulty borne. They have sung and prayed in prison, individually or in groups, silently or audibly, with or without hymn-books and Bibles according to the will of the officers in charge of the particular prisons. Prayer, however conducted, is a great comfort and strength to the men. The "Communion of Saints" is a reality to these men in prison; the spiritual communion in prayer with Christ uniting them in spiritual bonds with all Christians in Korea and throughout the world.

In some of the prisons regular organized Bible-study classes are conducted having a leader (often a pastor or elder. well fitted to instruct), an outlined course of study, and a scheduled time for study and prayer. Though the men cannot assemble for this class, they learn much and derive much good from knowing that they are doing the same thing at the same time. How do they get information to each other? How did the prisonen in the Leavenworth prison communicate with one another before the strike? There seems to be a way where there is a will.

In one prison, by permission of the Japanese officers, over one hundred men have Bible study and prayer each day under the leadership of a pastor. In another prison, some two hlndred prisoners have prayer together, even the non-Christians joining reverently with the others at the hour of daily prayer. Reports of conversions are frequent.

Perhaps the most remarkable periods of worship are the inaudible praise services held in prisons where any other kind are impossible. A hymn is selected and all sing in unison, but not a sound goes forth, only the ear of the Lord hears the praise as it ascends from reverent hearts in the prison cells.

The significance of this praying of the Christians is not alone in the fact that they pray-the way they pray is of still greater importance. Theirs is no mere "saying of prayers." It is real wrestling with God; importunate pleading that works effectually irl God's universe. It is reported that when the men are holding silent prayer, on several occasions the intercessors have been so far carried away by their zeal and earnestness as actually to forget where they were and the necessity for praying silently, and burst forth into audible petition and praise. They were not long in discovering their mistake, but the fact that they can forget, when the consequences are likely to be anything but pleasant, shows how these men really commune in heavenly places in the spirit, if not in the flesh. The personal testimony of one of these men describes his experience during devotion in one of the prisons where groups were permitted to have audible prayer: "They seem as if they had been with God. The prayer of one of them during an early morning hour took us into the very presence of God and kept us there. All day long we experienced no hunger for food of any sort, save that which was furnished us through prayer."

When one hears and knows of the sacrifice these men have to make for the privilege of prayer and fellowship with God, he is ashamed of his own religious "ease in Zion." He no longer asks whether others are Christians, but wonders whether if he were in prison, he too like Paul and Silas would be '3inging psalms unto God at the dreary midnight hour. He also wonders whether the day of God's earthquakes is past forever.

@ @ ~…..,B….Eua S. T aM. ET~HO…..D..w.S''''_ . ,~

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK MISSIONS IN THE HOME The great conventions, the training schools, the chairs of mis- sions in universities~1 these are the superstructure. Foundation stones are laid in the missionary influence and t.raining of the home. True it is that there are some striking stories of late conversion, but a large per ceDJt of the heroes and heroines of missions can scarcely tell when their missionary interest began. It grew simply and naturally as a part. of their daily home training.

At the 1920 meeting of the International Missionary Union at Clifton Springs it was found that nearly one third of the one hundred and ten missionaries present made their decision for mis- sionary service because of home influence.

MISSIONS NOT AN ELEarIVE bandits were ever more eager to capture a missionary alive than is There has been an inclination in Mr. Blank" said a pastor who was many homes to treat missions as an arranging for the entertainment of a optional attachment to Christianity visiting missionary. Other member~ with connections to be established of the official Board had politely only on Sundays, or even on annual stated various reasons for exempor quarterly Sundays. tion when the pastor called for a host to take the visitor home. A principal of one of the large schools in a Pennsylvania city re- "Put him at a hotel. It's much cently made a word test on "mis- more pleasant for him anyway," said sionary." The answers of her one deacon. juniors are indicative of a somewhat general impression. One wrote: "I know that's easier on the mis- "Missionary is a place where women sionary," said Mr. Blank, "than to go." The definition of another was have my quartet climbing around "A basket they pass around in over him and leading him all over church." the. house, but think of me. Why, I'd rather entertain a missionary The missionary spmt is not an than the King of Spain. I am not external attachment but an inward caring to have any of my boys dream development,-anattitude of life. of castles or kings in Spain, but I The home is the center of largest care tremendously that they shall possibility in training boys and girls have missionary ideals before them. who will be "missionary" not only That agricultural missionary I had on Sundays but every day of their over last year completely captivated lives, not only if they should go to my eldest, and the youngest sat en- Africa or Tibet, but as they live each tranced on the lap of the medical day in their homes and in their missionary we had in the fall, while schools. A home that is missionary he told him all about his hospital in all its relationships exerts an in- in China. My boys are getting a fluence that reaches to the ends oi real conception of what missionaries the earth. are doing in the world's work."

Taking missionaries alive. "No 813

The famous mIssIOnary bishop~ . tains the following sets of pictures.

Coleridge Patteson, counted as one Stories tq be. told as pictures aceom- of the strongest influences of his paning each set are shown: life the delegate whom his mother, African Picture Stories Lady Patteson, entertained in her China Picture Stories home. With his arm around "Coley" Helper Picture Stories Bishop Selwyn told the lad stories and talked with him during those Immigration Picture Stories days in a way which Patteson, as a Italian Picture Stories Little Neigbors Picture Story Set Near East Picture Stories lad and later as a bishop, never Mothers whr are looking for bed- forgot. time stories for little folks will find For guests under sixteen. Why some interesting suggestions in this do we have all our receptions for series.

older folks? When you have a mis- 4. Picture album possibilities.

sionaryas a guest in your home, give Time-Sunday afternoons, rainy a reception to the children of the days, or any other days on which community. With decorations and boys and girls are looking for some- refreshments typical of the country thing to do, and mothers are looking from which .the guest comes, and . for pleasant and painless methods of possibly some children in costume to teaching missionary lessons.

assist in receiving and in enterta.ining; Place-Any pleasant nook or cor- with stories tol<;l by the missionary, ner indoors or out in which a table and games of other lands played, a and the requisite number of chairs most delightful occasion is assured. maybe-°placea. .

Guests from many Nations. One Materials-Ordinary kodak albums mother, who is eager that her chil- which may be bought at ten and dren should have a circle of world twenty-five-cent stores or book stores.

friendships, carefully plans to enter- If these are not available, cut plain, tain in her home, guests of different smooth wrapping paper in sheets of nationalities. To the many foreign any desired size. Make a cover of students as weJI as to foreigners who cardboard and fasten together loosely are not students, American hospital- with a shoestring. On the cover ity may be made most welcome while page paste or draw letters giving at the same time our American young title, with some attractive picture.

people may be given an oppottunity On inside sheets paste pictures from really to know some of the strangers magazines or Picture Sheet Series.

who are in our midst. For fifteen cents each, this series gives picture sheets on the following Using pictures at home subjects: .

1. Add to the pictures on the Africa Bible walls some of the good missionary Alaskans pictures now available. An inter- Armenians and Syrians esting touch may be added by draping pictures with flag of country Child Life of the World from which missionary came' and the Children of the City country to which he went. Chinese Boys and Girls Chinese Snapshots 2. Give to boys and girls small lJow We Are Clothed pictures of missionary heroes and How We Are Fed heroines which they can mount or How We Are Sheltered frame for their bedrooms. The How We Travel story of the missionary may be told Egypt and Modern Heroes of or read as the picture is given, so that the children may learn reaIly to Lands Boys and Girls of Bii)le Lands Italians Japanese Mexkans in the United States know each one. NOTE.-All of the pictures mentioned may be 3. The Picture. Story Series con- !!!ecured from denominational boaTds.

BEST METHODS

Orientals in America above, but additions should be made South America from time to time of pictures which Work Around the World the children collect from many sources. The frieze should grow 5. The pictures on these sheets from day to day rather than be may be made into most attractive completed immediately. charts to be presented to the Sunday School or Missionary Society. 9. Missionaries in many stations are asking for pictures of various 6. Post cards of scenes and people kinds. Some can use to good advanin mission lands may be obtained tage postcards that have been mailed from denominational mission boards. if they are pasted together back to They offer possibilities for post card back. Others want postcards with albums. Many homes have post card blank paper pasted over the address projectors and the boys and girls so they can print a verse in the take turns at being audience and native language on the blank. Still speaker as the post cards a!e pro- others would like to have cut-out jected on the wall.. A favonte pl~n pictures pasted on white sheets. is to give each chIld of the famlly Find out from your Board or from and, any guests who may be jnviteq, the Department for the Utilization a post card to study. Then a com- of Surplus Material of the World's posite lecture is delivered, each one Sunday School Association, (Metrotaking two minutes to explain the politan Tower, New York City) just card assigned. what the needs along this line are, and help your children and their 7. A number of homes have bal- friends to supply them. opticons or stereopticans which make possible many delightful missionary An International Cabinet evenings 'at home with pictures. The various denominational and in- "Never," said a well-known misterdenominational agencies- rent sets ~ionary leader, "shall I forget the of slides, the rentals ranging from thrill attending the ceremony of the fifty cents to tw.o dollars. The mak- opening of mother's trunk. This ing of slides is an art of never- was no ordinary trunk. As I saw ending fascination to young people it in later years divested of its of artistic tendencies. magic contents I could scarcely be- lieve even then that it was made of During the war days Mr. A. K. ordinary wood and metal bands. Gould tried a clever plan for show- As we children knew it, it was a ing stereopticon pictures to soldiers marvelous treasure – house around who had to lie flat on their backs; which we gathered, wide-eyed and by turning his machine on end he expectant, as mother again and again projected the pictures on the ceiling, drew froin its depths wonderful so they were perfectly clear to his treasures from lands afar." patients. For the folks who have stereopticons available for home or It is not difficult to have an interhospital use here is a delightful sug- national cabinet' for which members gestion for entertaining shut-ins. of the family may be collecting in- terestingand valuable additions, and 8. A Ohildren-of-All-Nations frieze around which never-to-be-forgotten may help j;o lay the foundations for stories will center. From Mission "the international mind." Children Boards, from stores, and from love to decorate their rooms. For friends of other lands, many things a' play room or' a bed room have illustrative of life and customs in them make an international frieze. tnission lands may be secured. Boys On a width of buff paper or cambric and girls are interested in collecting around the wall let them paste cut- stamps, coins and pictures from forout pictures of children of -various eign countries. It is easy now to get lands. A beginning may be made with the picture sheets ' mentioned

tiny flags of all nations, and an in- GAMES FOR SUNDAY AFTERNOONS ternational cabinet or museum in which all the family have part i~ a "How we used to love Sunday at possibility within reach. In its in- home" said a prominent missionary nermost recesses, to be opened on leader. "My mother had no books Sundays or reserved for other special on How to Make Home Pleasant, but occasions, may be some of the things in some way she always had some about which Mother or Father can special attraction for Sunday aftertell special stories. noon and, without being painfully conscious of the fact that we were Painless Missionary Instruction being made to do certain things and held back from doing certain other It is quite possible for boys and things, we memorized Bible verses, girls to learn lessons of World learned missionary facts, and stored Friendship while they play. A di- our minds with information that rerector of boys' work said recently mains with us until this day." that the only way he had been able to establish a real admiration and Here are some of the missionary friendship in the hearts of the boys games this leader suggests: of his city for the Chinese boys, was through a game. His boys were 1. Name the Missionary-Two tired of all the games he had taught captains choose their teams. The opthem. posing teams face each other seated in line. Each captain leads off by "Aw, think up a new one. We're giving the name of a missionary and tired of the same old games," said the country to which he or she went. one of them. Then the members of each team fol- Iowan. The first person who is "Ever play Skinning the Snake?" unable to give name and country of aoked the leader. a missionary not yet given has to go over to the other side. The game "Nope," respond2d the boy eagerly, continues until one side is broken up "let's have it." or until no one can name another missionary, in which case the side "It's a game the Chinese boys having the largest number at that invented," said the director. The time is declared winner. boy's interest lagged. 2. Find His Country-Every con- "Well, I guess there's nothing to testant is given an outline map of it then." the world. These may be made at home or bought from bookstores or "Try it and see," challenged the mission boards. When the maps director. "These Chinese fellows are in place on the tables or rugs discovered a number of interesting before the children, each one is given things along about the time our an- from twelve to twenty large pins to cestors were painted savages, eating which are attached little white paper their neighbors for pastime." flags. On each flag is printed the name of some missionary. The pur- Soon the boys were deep in the pose of the game is to place the flag intricacies of Skinning the Snake. on the country to which the mis- sionary went. All contestants must "Those Chinese chaps must have have the same mlsslOnaries. The some brains after all," they agreed one who places all correctly in the with enthusiasm. shortest time, wins.

That was the beginning of a recog- 3. Nlixed Sentences-Prepare as nition of China never before con- many sets of twelve sentences each ceded by that group of boys. The containing a definite piece of inforrecognition developed into a real mation about something some misfriendship for the Chinese boys. sionary said or did, or a fact about Mothers and teachers will get much * help from the book, Children at Play in Many Lands.

* Child,e" Haal llP, Iap"ric.e" M …." La..dl, b" KoI",.,.· ;ne Stanley ?5 centL

BEST METHODS

some mission field, as there are con- of different lands; Japanese houses testants. Write or print these on made of corrugated paper, while slips of paper or cardboard. Then branches with bits of pink and green cut them in two so that the subject paper fastened to them make beautiis separated from the predicate. ful cherry blossoms. An Eskimo Mix all the sentences of each set scene may be worked out with cottogether and give to each contestant ton for snow while the dogs may in a box. The one who first ar- be modeled from plasticene or from ranges the twelve sentences correctly the clay that may be near at hand. Almost every story that is told may is declared winner. be worked out by the children. 4. Who am I!'-Pin on the back JUDGED BY WHAT THEY READ of each contestant the name of some nllsslOnary. Contestants may ask "Show me what a man reads and questions of each other or of a group I can show you what manner of of "judges" who are seated around man he is," might be written prothe room, such as "To what country phetically, "Show me what a boy reads did I go?" "Am I stilI alive?" "What and I can forecast for you what mangreat work did I do ?" The first ner of man he will become." one who, from the answers given, guesses his own identity, sits down, Cyrus Hamlin, the great founder and so on in order until all discover of Robert' College, bore· testimony in his la:ter years to the fact that he who they are. thought he had dropped himself into 5. Dinner Guests-"I was in a the missionary contribution box the day his now world-famous seven home recently," 3aid a missionary, "in cents which he had intended to spend which at dinner each child imper- for gingerbread went into that box, sonated some missionary. Each one but he always added in telling the had been reading up on his mission- story that the two missionary magary and in the lively conversation azines on his mother's table were the told about 'my station' and 'my work' agencies through which he became with all the zest of the original." acquainted with the boys and girls of non-Christian lands. At another dinner party in a home in which there was a number of On the library table, or on the children, large and small, and sev- table in mother's room, or in the eral guests, each one dressed in children's room, let us place our costume of some mission land. There missionary magazines. was great interest and excitement in the study and research necessary David Livingstone was one of the to develop the costumes and learn many missionaries who attributed to something of the customs, and the the books he read at home a large result was a delightful evening. share in influencing his missionary determination. In those days it was A Back Yard Course-"Some of not easy to find interesting books for the richest memories of my life are young people. N ow we have a staged in our old back yard," said wealth of material. Among the a great missionary. "Then it was books for the younger children are: that we played all the stories we loved best from Robinson Crusoe to African Adventurers by Jean Kenyon David Livingstone." The back yard Mackenzie furnishes an excellent opportunity for impersonations and plays. The Americans All, by Augusta Huiell journeys and lives of various mis- Seaman sionaries can there be made very real to the children. Sand tables for the Frank Baba and the Forty Jungle little folks may be used either in- Brownies, by Lillian Roderick doors or out, clothes pins dressed in crepe paper may be made into people Friends of Ours, Elizabeth Colson The Honorable Crimson Tree, Anita B. Ferris Giovanni, Anita B. Ferris Stories of Brotherhood, Harold B.

Hunting this may include a single country or a continent, or it may be a trip Story d£ David Livingtsone, Vautier around the world. Very simple ac- Golding cessories may be made to serve the purpose, or they may be elaborate Livingstone Hero Stories, Susan Men- denhall Primary Stories, Margaret Applegarth Among the books that are sure to and include folders, time-tables, interest the boys and girls of the maps, and other paraphernalia of the intermediate grades are those of the traveler. To each pupil should be Pathfinder Series. issued a ticket, printed on colored Brother Van, Stella N. Brummit paper, to resemble a genuine railway Black Bearded Barbarian, Marian Keith ticket. In a large department these Livingstone the Pathfinder, Basil Mat- would be more easily obtained if printed; for smaller classes they hews could be typewritten. The following Making Life Count, Eugene C. Foster suggests a possible form; Martin of Mansfield, Margaret R See- back Uganda's White Man of Work, Sophia Lyon Fahs S. B. R. R. Winning the Oregon Country, John T. via Faris E. C. and H. F. Line (Story-book Reading Route vW For the young people in their later teens and early twenties have the Easy Chair and Horne Firebeen prepared: side Line.) Ann of Ava, Ethel Daniels Hubbard Comrades in Service, Margaret E. Bur- ton Good until ……………….. . Makers of South America, Margarette Conductors please punch at: Daniels South America- Masoud the Bedouin, Mrs. Alfreda Post The Land of the Golden Man * Carhart Men and Things, Henry A. Atkinson Ministers of Mercy, James H. Franklin Japan- The Moffats, Ethel Daniels Hubbard When I Was a Boy in Japan * Servants of the King, Robert E. Speer If it is not possible to add these books to the home library they may Tell Missionary Stories be secured through the city or Sunday-school library. If they are not The little folks who can not read among the books listed, sufficiently and some who can will iisten eagerly urgent and oft-repeated requests may to missionary stories which may be result in their being added. gleaned from any of the books named above, or from the Picture Since "internationalism" is a Story series or from the many books household word in this day, an In- now on sale at denominational headternational Reading Course may be quarters. Many wise mothers premade an interesting feature of the serve the stories they collect from home reading plans for this year. various sources in a loose leaf note Select books suitable for each mem- book with large rings. ber of the family-one in each of a give number of countries. Keep * The titles of the books may be varied to score of the progress in any way that ~~leingtd~du,r;ip~~e~ap~n anodt~~s~~r~is!dv~:lisi~~ will call forth most interest. Cer- the trip, folders giving attractive reviews of tain books may be designated to be the books, "time~tables" stating the time when read aloud. Miss Gertrude Hutton's plan for the Story Book Trip ~:~dr~~ b:~~ b:'iliiv;hreo~ ~~Og~~:S o~ndholdhe'!. is suggestive to leaders who want to secure home reading. The same meeting, all may be used to add interest. A plan might be adopted for family large outline map of the world may be colored fl:; :ria/Jbee and filled in, as the class travels from place in~ca~~ddib:' pb:~n;h: :fn~ts s'::ft~:'

the map. Book reviews in the form of fifty.

:e~~d ~~Ief:'::d ~vi:~y t~ia~O~a~tb~es~~~~ ~~ine trip tickets. read in the department. As each book is read, "At the discretion of the leader the uconductor" punches the ticket, and thi.. forms the record of the rcadul~.'~

BEST METHODS

Giving Mone:r and Service gestions for things that may be made by children at home for gifts The reai headquarters for the cam- to children in hospitals, homes, or paigns that furnish the millions mission stations. The various h0liof dollars needed for the missionary day seasons may easily bf ~11ade openterprise are at mother's knee. A portunities for service to others. man who has given hundreds of thousands of dollars for missions re- Over an, Prayer plied when he was asked how it happened that he made such large John G; Paton, the hero of the gifts: New Hebrides, said that even as an old man he recalled the earnest "It didn't happen at all. When I fervor of the prayers he heard his was a little boy my mother taught father and mother make for those me to set aside for the Lord's treas- who had never the message of a ury a certain part of all the money Saviour's love and for the young I had. I simply have more money people who might go as messengers. now than I did then." It was said of the mother of It is not "frenzied finance," but the Jacob Chamberlain iliat through her careful home training in stewardship prayers and personal influence thirthat will fill missionary treasuries. teen members of her family went to mission fields. Dr. and Mrs. John In the home of one of our great Scudder in their home in India missionary leaders there is a strong prayed for their children "Not Chrisbox known as the Lord's treasury. tians only, dear Lord, but mission- Into that box father, mother and aries everyone if it he Thy will," and the children put at least one-tenth all of their children save one who of the money that comes into their died while he was in college went hands. From there the church back to the mission field. envelopes are filled on Sunday mornings with amounts agreed upon iT! The history of missions is the council for the gift of each member history of family altars. Back of of the family. Special offerings also St. Augustine was Monica his go into this box. Frequently the mother, praying God to call her family agree together that they wilt son. Ere Bartholomew Ziegenhalg, do without something they had ex- the first Protestant foreign missionpected to have in order to make a ary, set sail for India, his mother on gift for some special object. The her deathhed kept the habit of her family all discuss together the pur- life when she placed in his hands a poses for which the "Lord's money" Bible with the prayer that it might shall be used, and there is a deep and. guide his steps. abiding interest in the work in which they have part. In this home the Christian Frederick Schwartz, angiving is regular and systematic. other pr!nce!y missionary of India, It is sacrificial, for the members of )lave testimony that his mother's and the family individually and collec- father's prayers had led him from tively deny themselves many things the ways of recklessness and sin into in order to make larger gifts, with a ways of Christian service. spirit that is as fine and as contagious as was the spirit of "meat- . From the homes in which prayer less days." IS wo~t ~o be. made, th.er~ are going out mlSSlOnanes and miSSIOnary sup- Of equal importance is training porters who are giving their lives to for giving of time and service. The answering their own prayers and the things we do are not only the result prayers of their fathers and mothers. of our training but a most important part of that training. The book "Things to Make *" gives many sug-

Woman's Home Mission

MIGRANT WORKERS ing crop, from state to state to North Dakota. By M. Katharine Bennett Another agricultural group is that President of the Council of Women for made up of the workers who help with the truck farming, fruit picking Home Missions and the canning. These groups are to be found in large numbers in Many startling facts were brought California, Colorado, along the gulf out by the Surveys made by the of Mexico, in 'Vestern New York Interchurch World Movement. None, State and in New Jersey, Delaware perhaps, were more surprising than and Maryland, workers from the those relating to the number, location latter groups in many cases moving on and types of seasonal employments to the oyster canning along Chesaand the vast importance of the group peake Bay in the winter. known as "Migrant Workers." "The truth is," says the Survey, "that Mining, fishing and manufacturing much of the work of the world is also make their demands on the miseasonal. As a result of these seas- grant worker and help to swell the onal fluctuations, an army of a mil- appalling number of those who, to lion and a half migrant laborers keep the wheels of industry moving, constantly on the move is necessary must themselves be often "on the to save our industries from disaster. move," to the detriment of home life, social relationships and community "These casual workers go tramp- consciousness-three natural and susmg over fixed paths towards goals taining influences, deterring from vi tremendous, national and world crime, anarchy and shiftlessness. importance. They have no permanent place in society and receive only The report of the Home Mission the most trivial and fleeting recognition for their important work." Survey was presented to the Home Missions Council and the Council of The logging camps, from Maine Women for Home Missions at their to Washington, employing hundreds joint Annual meeting held in January of thousands of men, "about 90% of -with special consideration of the them unmarried, afford a specialized migrant groups. By action of the problem from the fact that they are Councils responsibility for these centers of an extremely radical social workers was definitely allocated, sentiment and propaganda. Loggers among the actions taken being the are almost overwhelmingly radical and strongly 1. W. W. in convictions." following: Some of the denominations have undertaken work in camps, but the "That the unallotted work among women great majority of these groups are and children in the small fruit, vegetable left without religious or Christian and canning industry in the states, of social service of any kind; lumber New York, New Jersey, Delaware and jacks coming out of the woods when Maryland, and elsewhere when the surthe logging season is over are, there- vey is completed, be allocated to the fore, unsympathetic and critical of Women's Boards having constituency in the church's attitude. these states."

A second large migrant group, es- In accordance with this action, a timated at about one-quarter million special Committee was appointed by of men, is made up of those who the Council of Women to plan for harvest the wheat; the great number experimental stations during the of these workers begin in Texas and summer of 1920, and a letter was move northward, following the ripen- sent to the Women's Boards asking their financial cooperation. Many of these had already so planned the work of the year that no financial margin 820 remained, but enough were able to the long one-story bunk-house, a shack in which every room opens outcontribute to make possible an im- of-doors. Worst of all, a number of families may be housed in a barn mediate beginning of the work. loft without any partitions whatever.

The first necessity was a director Men, women and children, young people and adults, the married and to visit the field, locate the stations, the unmarried alike, are often com- pelled to live in this promiscuous secure cooperation both on the part way."

of cannery owners and of local Among most of these groups no church women, find field workers, es- provision is made for caring for the children who are too young to work, tablish them at their posts and direct and no recreation provision is made the ·work. Such a Director was for the leisure time of the young people. The latter fact leads to bad found in Miss Lila Bell Acheson, moral conditions and to mischief. Ve shall leave to Miss Acheson her- Secretary of the Department of self the telling of the effort being Christian Social Service under the made in the stations opened this Woman's Board of Home Missions summer to meet the needs of the of the Presbyterian Church, which women and children at three places. Board released her temporarily for The Survey in speaking of "Units this important work. Under the for women and children in cannery Y. W. C. A. Miss Acheson had and agricultural labor camps" estiduring the war organized and con~ mates two hundred as the number duded the splendid piece of work of groups that should be reached in for industrial girls in the munition the program. of the next five years. plant at Pompton Lakes, New Jer- Three months is the usual length of sey, and had later organized the fine service needed per year. It is hoped work at New Orleans among the that most of the Woman's Boards of cotton mill and tobacco factory girls. Home Missions may be able to in- clude amounts for this work in next Perhaps the best preparation Miss year's budget and so make possible .-cheson has had for this special work the opening of many more stations was in volunteer social work done in the summer of 1921, and that they by herself and her sister in the Puy- may also make provision for the folallup valley of Washington state. lowing of the cannery workers to their winter homes. The Interchurch Survey speaks of BEGINNING OF THE WORK the problems of the cannery workers Lila Bell Acheson as follows: "The characteristic prob- Supervisor of Work Among Migrant lem of the cannery group is the very Groups conducted by the Council of Vomen for Home Missions acute one of housing, sanitation and The work was first commenced at morals The majority of Riverton, New Jersey. Just outside of this very attractive little town these fruit pickers' camps consists of large crops are grown and afford al- most continuous employment from existing outbuildings, temporarily de- early spring to late fall. On account of the nearness and size of the Philvoted to human habitation. Condi- adelphia market, the fruit and vege- tables are shipped fresh and no tions in such quarters vary greatly.

A large fruit grower frequently has a well-built bunk house near his residence, the second story of which will house two or three men per room, the first floor being used for a dining room and kitchen. Where immigrant family labor is used, one may find a long two-story tenement in the midst of an orchard housing an indeterminate number of families.

There is no logical separation of living quarters; no proper provision for individual privacy or domestic economy. Another frequent type is

SOME OF THE "PRIMARIES" AT RIVERTON, N. J.

canneries are located in this vicinity. of a day. The tiny ones are taken The fatlier and mother with the older care of in a day-nursery; the next children work in the fields from early morning until late at night, size have kindergarten, and those while the younger children, ranging from tiny babies to boys and girls who are old enough commence their eight or nine years of age, amuse themselves as best they can, with no regular schooling. The morning supervision or care, and no prepara- passes all to quickly. A hot lunch tion for their meals. The mother comes in at noon, tired, hurriedly is provided at noon, and before it eats a cold lunch and is off to work is finished, tired little heads are nodagain. Often she does not even see ding, so hammocks and rugs under her children. When you think of the trees are soon in use and the the constant care and training other wind sings them a lullabye. When children receive, you wonder that the nap is ovet·, all enter into the these kiddies ever grow up with any supervised play, and swings, slides, and sandpiles are exceedingly popuideals at all. lar. The school day is over at five An exceptional group of Quaker o'clock and cars deliver them safely at their so-called homes. They have women live in this neighborhood, and had the right food and play to dethey have been vitally interested in velop them physically and ideals of these Italian children who live for a Christianity and Americanizationfew months each year on their farms, essentials of which they know nothand have wanted for some time to ing- are readily absorbed by their bright little brains. do something for them. When we told them of our plan they imme- The location we chose in Delaware diately offered to cooperate in every is at Houston, and differs from way possible and proved it by obtain- Riverton in many ways. The people ing the school house which is located come from Philadelphia and Baltiin the center of this district and, more to work in the large cannery. situated in a grove of trees, makes They live in long rows of one-story a most ideal workshop. The children bunk houses on the cannery ground. are brought here by auto from the During the peas and tomato seasons surrounding farms each morning and at least I SO live on this tract of land, here they spend a very different sort less than half the size of a city block. The older members of the family often work night and day in the can-

THE WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

nery, during the busy season. The are among the agencies that have al- babies and children are either under ready agreed to join in the support their feet, in danger of injury from of an interdenominational program the machinery and the boiling canned for Santo Domingo. The island is goods, or amuse themselves in the practically unoccupied ·territory and nearby grove. under the leadership of the Com- We put up a large tent across the mittee on Cooperation in Latin Amer- road from these shacks, overflowing ica there has been a successful effort with children, and besides the activi- to secure a united approach there ties carried on at Riverton, we have and to make impossible the over~ a health clinic with an Italian nurse lapping establishment of churches or in charge. Regular Sunday services other evangelistic agencies.

are conducted by neighboring minis- Between 90% and 95% of the ters. Lantern slides depicting the population above ten years of age is Bible stories afford entertainment illiterate, schools are needed through- and instruction one or two nights a out the island both academic and week. Music for the entertainments industrial, evangelical churches are is provided by the Italians, much to small and few, hospitals are few and every one's delight. The cannery community service is unknown. Both managers and people of both Hous- in the towns and the country region ton and Milford have cooperated all forms of Christian cooperation wonderfully, supplying us with lum- are sorely needed, and there should ber for our tent floor and seating be a prompt and full response to the facilities, giving us a piano, material opportunity to take Santo Domingo for hot lunches, the use of the stere- for Christ.

opticon lantern, and valuable vol- unteer workers. CONFERENCES IN THE FALIl OF 1920 The third place that we are work- A series of conferences under the ing in this summer is Bel Air, Mary- auspices of the Home Missions land. This is the county seat of Council and the Council of Women Harford County, which has 214 for Home Missions are announced canneries, a larger number than any for this fall: other county in the United States. The work does not commence until On Indian ·work at Wallace Lodge, the middle of August and as the Yonkers, to consider common re- Riverton season closes at this time, sponsibilities and the allocation of we will be able to move the staff unoccupied territory. and equipment on to Maryland. The prospects are very bright there for On work for Spanish-Speaking doing a fine piece of work. The people in Albuquerque, EI Paso and cannery is situated about two miles in Tucson, to discuss questions of out of town on the edge of a grove, comity, of education, and a general program for advanced work.

and the bunk houses are in the On work for Orientals, Chinese, shadow of these trees. The owner Japanese, Koreans, Hindus, and Ar- of this cannery received the idea menians, in Los Angeles and San most favorably and is cooperating Francisco, to discuss questions of with us heartily in our arrangements. comity and to consider a program of work for the future.

SANTO DOMINGO On Mormonism in Salt Lake City, Two Woman's Boards of Home to discuss better equipment and per- Missions, that of the Methodist sonnel, suitable publications, lecture- Episcopal Church, North, and that ships, program of education and col- of the Presbyterian Church, North, portage.

FROM MANY

JAPAN-CHOSEN Kindergarten for the Deaf "New Life Discussions" JAPAN has had schools for the deaf for a number of years, but NEWSPAPER evangelism which until this year no attempt has been Dr. Albertus Pieters has shown made to teach lip reading and speech. to be so effective, is now being A kindergarten has been organized pushed by Mr. Walton of the Church under the direction of the Presby- Missionary Society in Hiroshima. terian and German Evangelical Asso- His "New Life Discussions" go into ciation Missions. Mrs. A. K. Re;s- 20,000 homes through the medium of chauer, who is in charge, writes that the daily press. The correspondence more have applied for admission which these have elicited reveal a than can be accepted. The applideep spiritual need. One wrote from cants range from the poorest to the a distant village: "My condition has son of a baroness. It is horeo that been indescribably fearful. I have this kindergarten can demonstrate to heard Buddhist sermons without the educational authorities what is number, but I cannot believe them." possible, with the result that the In three months 311 persons from Government will then introdllce 117 villages have written for more modern methods into its institutions. information regal-ding Christian principles. Korean Week of Evangelism From Monastery to Y. W. C. A. A WEEK of evangelistic services held in Pyengyang, Korea, the A MOHAMMEDAN monastery, latter part of February brought thl'ee a landmark in Japan, is to be thousand persons to a decision for converted into a Y. W. C. A. build- Christ. These meetings were planned ing, if the purchase of the property and carried out almost entirely by can be negotiated. This project is the K 0 r eans themselves. Men, sponsored by the college Y. W. C. A. women aljd children visited from branches of Ohio, Pennsylvania, house to house and teams of college West Virginia, Maryland and Del- boys toured the country districts. aware, which are raising money to The proportion of church members make the payment. to the population is higher in Pyeng- yang than in many parts of America. Practical Results from Facwry Meetings No Weather Bureau in Korea A NON-CHRISTIAN fa eta r y owner of Osaka, Japan, has taken T.7 OREAN daily newspapers do pains to advise other employers to .l~ not announce "fair and warmer" allow Christian teaching to be given indications for the next day, as the their workers. He gave his reason in natives believe the gods are in charge a trade journal, and it is a convincing of the weather, and that if properly apologetic for Christian missions. approached their climatic decisions "During the twelve months since the may be regulated. Dr. A. Garfield missionaries began coming to the fac- Anderson of Wonju, Korea, destory," said he, "a thousand less rice cribes the various ways by which the bowls were broken than the year people try to induce rain. They before. This is because there is I(:'ss write prayers for rain and hang bad temper among the women them up on the hillside. Two workers who hear Christian teach- dragons lie between the market ing."

824 stalls, each about one hundred feet Conversions in Prison long and two feet high at the head, tapering off gradually to the tail. A I N MARKED contrast to 1110st sorceress in time of dry weather Chinese prisons is one in the diswill come out and dance before these trict of Kiang-lin-hsien, Kiangsu dragons to bring rain. Province, where the warden is sympathetic with Christianity. For CHINA the past two years a local pastor, at the invitation of the warden, has Congress of Chinese MIssIons been preaching regularly to the pris- oners and teaching them the Bible. A CONGRESS of all Protestant A large number of the inmates have Missions in China is being plan- asked for baptism, and a distinct ned by the China Continuation Com- change in the atmosphere of the mittee for next spring. It is ex- prison is noticeable. The warden, pected that one thousand delegates although not as yet a professed will attend, including missionaries Christian, heartily joins in the serand Chinese. The Congress will dis- vices. cuss matters of common interest and elect a new Continuation Committee. Chinese Proverbs Department Store Chapel Services CHINA is a land where custom is more binding than law, and THE two largest department where the ancient past is the standard stores in Shanghai, Wing On's for the present, so that proverbs and Sincere's, hold religious services abound and have great force. The on the roof garden every Sunday following are characteristic: morning between nine and ten, and every employee is obliged to be A good drum does not need a heavy stick. present. The managing director of If you do not want anybody to know it do one of these companies heard and believed the Gospel in Australia not even do it. twenty-seven years ago, and believes that he is carrying out God's will in If you are in the right you need not thus bringing the teachings of Christ speak in a loud voice. to his employees. The preachers at these services are pastors of the city. Words whispered on earth sound like thunder in heaven. Blinded for Attending Church More trees are upright than men. OPPOSITION to Christianity has The highest towers begin from the not ceased in China, according to a report in fhe New Yark Times. ground. This year on March 7, less than 200 No image maker worships the gods, he miles from Shanghai, a young man had his eyes put out for attending a knows what stuff they are made of'. Christian church. On a visit to Free sitters at the play always grumble Soochow the young man had heard the Gospel preached for the first most. time, and after his return home he What avails it to pray to Buddha like accompanied a friend to Christian services nearby. The father con- silver and scold your brother like brass. sented to blinding his son for attend- One dog barks at nothing and the rest ing and the stepmother did the deed. It was intended also to cut out his bark at him. tongue, but neighbors succeeded in You can't clap hands with one palm. getting him away and he is now in a Christian hospital. (i. e. in union there is strength). One more good man on earth is better than an extra angel in heaven.

INDIA Salvation. Army in India A COMPLETE reorganization of Salvation Army work in India has been effected, including the di- vision of that country for Salvation Army administrative purposes into three separate territories.

The Army there has confined .its evangelistic and other efforts almost entirely to work for the criminal

tribesmen, and has a record of re- Bible Mission, handled the argument markable acruevement in its work for the Bible. The debate took among this class of India's teeming place in the physician's office, other populations. The Juvenile Criminal Mohammedan doctors being present Home in Rangoon has been in opera- to add an occasional word of re- tion for five years and the official enforcement. Copies of the Koran, government records show that fifty Greek Testament and Hebrew Bible per cent of the criminals committed were in evidence; also several vol- to it are permanently reformed, while umes of an encylopedia. A record the majority of these are evangelized. of the debate was kept by a secretary who wrote continuously in a large The SCriptures at Work note book.

THE Bible Translation Society The Bible champion, after a pre- work has not been in vain the past liminary skirmish, used solid logic year, the eightieth of the Society's and showed photographs of Alexanactivity. Here is an example. drian and Sinaitic manuscripts of the New Testament to prove the A Hindu, resolved upon a change ancient origin. Then he proceeded in diet, bought a farthing's worth of to explain the differences in the two sago instead of his accustomed por- records. tion of rice. The sago was wrapped in a printed sheet, and while prepara- As a sequel, the young Moslem tion of the meal was in progress, secretary a day or two later came to the Hindu read the wrapper, which the Presbyterian mission for further was a page from the Gospel of John. discussion. It is regarded most The words arrested attention, and hopefully that Mohammedan unrest both sides of the page were read. leads to such inquiry. The man wanted more, and went to the trader from whom he bought the Rajahmundry Diamond Jubilee sago, thinking that he could enlighten rum as to the origin of the sheet. SEVENTY-FIVE years ago a The trader sent the customer to the Lutheran minister, Rev. L. P. M. missionary, who readily gave him a Valett, arrived as the first Christian complete copy of the coveted volume. missionary at Rajahamundry, India. The pages were devoured as This station has remained an Amereagerly as the sago had been, and ican Lutheran Mission. The diathe man's heart was touched. In a mond jubilee was celebrated early short time the missionary, hoping this year, in which a thousand Christhat he might find in the man an tian converts participated. After anxious inquirer, sought to get into opening celebrations at the main stacontact with him; but all he could tion two bands of Indian Christians find out was that the man had left toured the entire field and held juhi~ home, and was itinerating the bilee meetings in many centers. villages of Bengal, telling the Gospel of God's love in Christ! The report of the Mission gives the baptized membership as 27,000; The Christian. Sunday-school pupils, 11,465 and 12,- 3% pupils in Christian day and Ohristian-Mohammedan Debate boarding schools. Associated with the twenty-eight American mission- A MOHAMMEDAN physician of aries are 1362 native helpers, eight Cawnpore challenged the Chris- of whom are ordained pastors. tians to a debate on the trustworthiness of the Bible. The point under GEo. DRACH. discussion was the difference between the accounts of Christ's gen- Christian Loyalty or Sikhs ealogy as given by Matthew and by Luke. Nazir Husain, a worker in the ABOUT 6000 Christian Sikhs served in the war as soldiers, in addition to large numbers as trans-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

port drivers, hospital assistants and 28, 1872, with seventeen pupils. clerks. When asked to sing on Forty-three per cent of the Christian parade they struck up "Christ the Burmese and thirty-eight per cent of King of Glory" and followed that the Christian Karens who graduate with other Psalms. When their from Judson College become mission officers insisted upon having their workers. national airs, they replied. "But these are our national songs." MOSLEM LANDS New Treatm.ent for Leprosy Cloudburst in Persia SIR LEONARD ROGERS esti- FLOOD and fire have been caus- mates that there are over 300,000 ing great damage in East Persia, lepers in the Indian Empire. the worst havoc being in Teheran, the capital. A cloudburst occurred The method of treatment with the in the foot hills near the city and salts of fatty acids introduced by a torrent of water poured over the him has been lately tested by four- plains, breaking down the north wall teen medical officers and assistants of the Presbyterian Mission, and surin Leper Asylums throughout India rounding homes in the vicinity. To with most favourable results, 72 per check the progress of the flood, doors cent showing marked improvement, were banked with earth, the city ga~e in spite of the fact that most cases was forced shut and earth was piled were advanced and the period of against it. In Tomans the loss was treatment had been comparatively heavy, not least of which was the short. More research is needed, destruction of the flourishing garhowever, further to improve the dens. Fires in many places followed treatment. the damage by flood.

Tobacco "Missionaries" The French Save Christian Syrians THE following appeared in The THE Archbishop of Tyre, Rev.. Indian Witness: Shukrallah Khoury, visiting in "A travesty on the name mission- America, received from his secretary ary appears in a letter from a vet- a report of cc1nditions in Syria, dated eran lately returned to India, who May 18, which shows that the action states that on the vessel upon which of the French Government had saved he crossed the Pacific, a fellow-pas- the Christian population from extersenger who travelled with him in the mination. On April 24 the Shiite same cabin said that he himself was Mohammedans convened in general the missionary of a well known session and approved resolutions for -Tobacco Trust and sent out to the the annihilation of all Christians for Orient to push the business by intro- the reason that the latter would not ducing samples. A younger man forego their demand for French prowas apparently coming out as a mis- tection. On May 5 thousands of sionary apprentice." armed Shiite Mohammedans began a furious attack upon Ainebl, where Judson College, Ilangoon the inhabitants held back the hordes for eight hours until their ammuni- THE one Christian college in tion failed and night came on. The Burma, formerly known as Ran- defenders were finally overcome and goon Baptist College, has been re- inconceivable atrocities were comnamed Judson College in honor of mitted. On May 7 bandits came in the first American Baptist Foreign great numbers to the city of Tyre. missionary, Adoniram Judson. The raided plantations on the way and college will be a constituent part of destroyed the promising silk crop. the new Burma University. The French authorities, at the direc- The institution was opened May

tion of the French Governor of Tyre, Better Pictures for Moslem Children took prompt and energetic action and sent a military contingent to repress MISS ELSIE WOOD, a trained the outlaws. illustrator, has gone to Cairo to serve Moslem children in a unique Stirrups from Church BeIl~ way. She will provide, through the Nile Mission Press, a wholesome CHURCH bells are an abomina- illustrated literature to counteract tion to Moslems. In 1917, the the cheap and demoralizing pictures Turks, hearing that the Germans for which a demand has grown up. had melted their church bells and Pictures were at one time barred made them into bullets, decided they from Mohammedan lands, but opwould melt the church bells of Asia position is disappearing, largely due Minor. In order to add insult to to the prevalence of the "movie." injury some of the bell metal was made into stirrups, to show the Ar- Mission Study in Egypt menian Christians that they were both in fact and figure under the FOUR nationalities, Egyptian, feet of their Mohammedan over- Syrian, Armenian and American, lords. But the Armenians of Marash are represented in the Tanta, Egypt, have collected the money for a good Christian Endeavor Society, which church bell to be purchased in Amer- has about forty members. It is one ica, and are looking forward to a of the few societies in Egypt where time when they can worship God in both young men and young women peace. take part. A mission study course based on Dr. Underwood's volume Changing Customs in Syria on Korea has been completed, and the members were prompt and eager .rT.(ING Feisal of Syria who has to report on topics assigned. A recently yielded to the French broadened sympathy for other lands is a lineal descendant of Moham- was evident as a result of the course. med, yet his government decreed that women shall be eligible to all AFRICA offices. Not only is there a greater appreciation of woman's place in Converted in Exil(' Syrian society and ino the home on the part of men but the women them- WHEN the Germans left Kamselves are imbued with a desire for emn they retreated with all better things and a better country. their black soldiers into Spanish During the war two women's clubs Guinea. The Spanish Government were formed in Beirut. One con- then transported all German soldiers sists entirely of Moslem young to Spain and all the black soldiers women. They invite lecturers on to Fernando Po, an island off the hygiene, domestic science, litera.ture, Kamerun Coast. These men and etc.; maintain schools and volunteer their wives were there interned until as teachers. late in 1919 when they were sent back to Kamerun. Some German The second club was founded by missionaries had remained with them a well educated Christian women in exile, and some very earnest conwho is the wife of a Moslem. The verts were made, who presented their purpose of this group is to bring application for membership in the together Syrian women of all faiths, various churches in Bululand. help them to overcome their age long prejudice, and to appreciate The Bible as a Charm each other's viewpoint. Once a month they come together to hear THE following order came from papers on profitable subjects, and a Greek merchant trading among the Abyssinians: enjoy good music. "To the director of the British and The Orient. Foreign Bible Society:

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

"Respectfully I have the honor to minister to the wives and daughters inform you that I want you to make of workingmen who are now crowd- New Testaments in the Abyssinian ing the native quarters in Nairobi. language in a very small size, to be Two years ago the population of this used as charms against the devil, for place was almost exclusively young the Abyssinians. I want you also to men employed by Europeans, but make three pictures in it-on the first recently wives, children and others page the picture of the Holy Trinity, have come to the town because of in the middle the crucifying of Jesus, famine at home, or the desire for and on the last page the ascension adventure. These latter are stranded of Jesus. I pray you to let me know and unprotected, and to send them if you can do this book, or not. back to their homes would mean If you can do it, how much is the condemning them to heathenism, expense? And how long before I while on the other hand, they are can have it? And to whom shall I exposed to great temptation in send the money? And I shall be Nairobi. The Church Missionary much obliged." Society has formed regular classes for them, and now proposes to sur- Growth in East Africa round this particular class with the influence of a Christian home, and THE e.arly pioneers who went to assist them in earning a livelihood. British East Africa to carrv the Gospel were also pathfinderS' for Life of Faith. that vast territory, and laid the foundations for a prosperous colony. The Vakaonde of Rhodesia Today, Mombasa is a flourishing port. The Uganda railway has its T.(AONDELAND, not indicated terminus there and its daily train service taps the country's resources .r on most maps, lies in the exfor 600 miles around. Lake steamers travel between Uganda and Port treme northwest of Rhodesia. Its Florence, and afford means of reach- inhabitants, the Vakaonde tribe, numing the Belgian Congo. Nairobi, the ber about 30,000 and are semiheadquarters of the Africa Inland nomadic due to their defective agri- Mission, is 325 miles from Uganda. cultural system. They know nothing It has a European population of of rotation of crops, and when their 5,000, about 30,000 Asiatics and 600,- gardens cease to yield enough to feed 000 blacks. No immigrant is al- them they move to a new site. lowed to settle there unless he has a sufficient sum of money to tide him The South Africa General :'vlis,ion over the first few months. Mission- has undertaken to evangelize this aries, officials and settlers have trans- tribe and has established two stations formed a non-productive desert into about 160 miles apart. Seven a self-supporting colony, while the workers are now in charge, four black man has observed and mar- more being absent on forlough. The veled. This is the era that will give people have no well defined idea perma,lence to the work that has of God. They believe in His exisbeen undertaken. tence and want to follow Him, and herein lies the encouragement of Refuge for Women in Nairobi missionary work among them. They are apathetic, but not savages. Sus- AFRICAN women, by heredity tained effort of any kind is quite and environment, are helpless foreign to their temperament, alcreatures. The Alliance of Protes- though they possess great power d tant Missions, formed last year at endurance. Kikuyu, plans to institute a refuge home at Nairobi, East Africa, to Zrunbesi Industrial Mission W HEN the Zambesi Industrial Mission was founded 'more than twenty-five years ago it wa!:'

the aim to make the work self-sup- tablished by the mine workers of the porting by the end of the fifth year. Transvaal, and the growing unrest Coffee plantations proved very suc- has lead to a refusal of smaller cessful, and would have made the groups to work. Agitators have initial station self-supporting before gone about advising the people to the fifth year, but the Mission, in- revolt against law, such as pass stead of limiting its activities, launch- regulations, curfew rules, sale of in- ed out into a wider sphere, and toxicants, etc. Ten thousand blacks opened new stations where industrial of different tribes and speaking difwork promised encouraging results. ferent languages, who until now had Today there are eight centers, each not had any feeling of relationship, a mission in itself, and radiating have united in proclaiming a general missionary helpfulness far and -near. strike. The Germans consider that There is a vast territory in posses- the expulsion of their mission sion of the Portuguese Government workers from this territory en- still untouched by Christian missions dangers the situation, as they feel of any kind. that they have better insight in deal- Result of Bad Housing ing with the native temperament.

While there are differences of opin- TUBERCULOSIS IS taking a -ion on this point, there is no doubt fearful toll on the Bantu people. of the serious nature of the unrest From the annual report of Lovedale ;among the natives, and it gives rise Hospital it appears that one-fifth of to critical problems in missionary all the patients admitted are sufferers work as well as in the political and from some form of this disease. The industrial situation in South Africa.

usual Kaffir hut, with its minimum of ventilation and its earth floor :EUROPE which does not admit of disinfection, Muller Missions T is a prolific breeder of tuberculosis, HE society founded by George Muller of Bristol, England, not and the fact that most domestic ser- vants are natives, brings this menace only supports the larger orphanages into European homes. South Africa at Ashley Down but maintains five has an ideal climate, and with atten- schools in Italy and one in British tion directed to housing reform for Guiana. They also subsidize a great the natives, a great advance would number of mission causes in differ- be made in the control of the "white ent parts of the world. The total death." number of orphan children cared for during the year has been 1467.

A Blind Kaffir Evangelist Although financial appeals for A BLIND Kaffir evangelist is all kinds of causes were never so moving about in the Peddie dis- great as during the past few years trict of Cape Colony. Never having the orphanges, without making any had his sight he has not learned to appeals have received more last year read, but after his conversion school than at any time in their history.

children read to him, and so well All has come in answer to prayer versed in the .Bible has he become and not one working day passed that he can give the location of any without some gift. Since the begin- well known text of Scripture. He ning of the work £2,141,850 have is a most successful soul winner. been contributed for its support.

Bolshevism in South AfriCa Literature for Lighthouses MISSION work in South Africa THE British and Foreign Sailors' has been much hindered by the Society, the oldest sailors' society spreading of Bolshevism among na· in the world, takes a practical internve workers. A union has been e,- est in the lonely lighthouse keepers.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

So far as possible, monthly parcels less difficulty in assembling an auof reading matter are sent to each dience and more attentive hearing of the 300 lighthouses and light-ship than heretofore. stations. Books on scientific subjects, on religion, art, wood carving, Historical Study as a Weapon travel and poetry are requested, showing the variety of interests THE Giordano Bruno Association which these men represent. At has established a School of Papal shore stations, the children are pro- History which will commemorate the vided with suitable literature. fiftieth anniversary of the deliverance of Rome from papal control. The Edinburgh Mission to Jews Waldensian paper, La Luce, gives the main lines along which investi- THIS society maintained by an gation and study is proposed. interdenominational committee, owns a situable home in the center 1. The genesis and development of the of the Jewish locality, with reading papacy, and the injury which it has done rooms and auditorium for services. to the national sentiment of Italy. The medical department is the chief avenue of approach to the Jews. Z. The functions of the papacy in the Christian addresses are delivered to mediaeval and modern world. the patients, and literature distributed among ,them. 3. Episodes of papal history-the here- sies, quarrels, persecutions, the Jesuits, The Bible in Ireland etc.

THE distinguishing feature of 4. Powerlessness of the papacy to live the Irish Mission is that it affirms without the support of the foreigner. the right of every man and woman to possess and study the Word of 5. The work of the papacy during the God, in opposition to the stand taken Italian national struggle and since. by the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland. 6. Significant figures in the history of the papacy-the nepotists, the Borgias, During the past year 106,172 Clement VIII the executioner of Bruno, homes were visited, 25,597 religious etc. conversations were held; 20,390 Scriptures and portions were sold, 7. The thought of Italians concerning an increase of 1,399 over the num- the papacy-Dante, Galileo, Carducci, Fosber sold in the previous year. The colo, Bruno, Machiavelli. total number of sales to Roman Catholics was 17,479, an increase of 8. Dogma against political liberty and 3,390 over that of 1917. liberty of thought.

Comparing the above figures with Difficulties in San Sebastian those of 1908, we are faced with the fact that last year, with five workers SAN SEBASTIAN in northern less, we sold nea;rly three times the Spain is the summer home of the number of Scriptures. This fact is royal family, and has other varied in spite of the fact that last year all interests.A Christian school for girls our books were at least double the was founded there by Mrs. William price at which they sold ten years H. Gulick some years ago but was ago. transferred to Barcelona. Since then regular church activities have con- Roman Catholics manifest such a tinued in rented quarters. The desire to look into the Scriptures, Catholics persisted in trying to eject that their priests are now teaching them, but without avail. Recently bits of it here and there. This only however, the owners were compelled tends to broaden the minds of the to sell and all efforts to find another hearers. Open air preachers report location were fruitless. The work has had to be abandoned temporarily, except for small informal groups which meet in private homes. The church has about forty members and a C. E. Society of fifteen members. A class of ten boys meets for in- struction in their teacher's bed room.

It is not uncommon for represen-

tatives of Catholic societies to follow The Gospel is preached daily with a the children to their homes and at- directness which proves it "the power tempt to frighten the parents into re- of God unto salvation." moving them from the school under threat of dispossessing them of their Bibles by Weight in Russia homes. One church member, a street car conductor, was so bitterly per- I N RUSSIA Bibles are bought and secuted that he left for the United sold by weight, in accordance with States, and after two years' sojourn the decree of Lenine. This man has been able to send money for his who is "anti-Christ" to the Greek wife and three boys to follow him. Orthodox Church, has himself writ- This man is a member of a Spanish ten books by the score, and not es- church in New York. Such per- teeming these products of his brain secution gives pUblicity to the Protes- as "light reading" he has ordained tant work, and manv assurances of that all books be sold by weight. To sympathy are received. some extent the Scriptures are being allowed sent in, and the Bible So- Norway Becomes "Dry" ciety must give account of the pounds and ounces. On the average, 2369 NORWA Y has outlawed strong Bibles make a ton. drink. Prohibition was brought about by popular referendum, and it How much attention Lenine or his seems to be the universal verdict that people will give the Bible is probthe women turned the scale. This is lematical, but if as America deports the first general election in which the "Reds" to Russia some one Norwegian women have had a part. would supply each radical with a few "Dry" in Norway, however, allows pounds of Scripture that which the the sale of light wines and beer of world deprecates in the Soviet syslow alcoholic content. tem might be neutralized.

Christian Center in Copenhagen SORTH AMERICA THE Central Mission in Copen- Congregational Council hagen, with its twenty-eight branches of activity, is one of the MORE than three thousand Conmost remarkable city evangelistic or- gregational men and women asganizations in Europe. The work is sembled in Boston from all parts directed by one man, Dr. Anton Bast, of the world for eight days in June. but back of him are the king and One day was largely devoted to queen, the government, the country's missions. The history of work in best citizens and many of the labor- America was traced to the present· ing class, financial supporters of the day, as was the story of the London work. Missionary Society-now 125 years old. Speakers represented different The Mission has three principal fields, and Dean Brown of Yale foredepartments: Mission Work, com- shadowed "The Path Ahead." prising church services, newspaper and pamphlet dis..ribution, temper- The Congregational World Exhibit ance lectures and musical entertain- pictured the graphic story of work ments; Slum Work, with its refuge in India, China and Africa. There for homeless men, evening school, was a model of the city of Madura home visiting and aid for women and to make clear the nature of a mission children; and finally Rescue Work, station in India and the model of the which provides employment bureaus, African slave girl with a chain day nurseries, vacation outings and around her neck told another story. help for laborers out of work. The original Chinese version of the Bible in twenty-one volumes was Crowning all these varied activities shown besides. the autographed copy is the evangelistic spirit and purpose. of Adoniram judson's Burmese Bible.

An international League of Good

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Will was formed to promote trans- numbers. England is sending morc atlantic friendships. than any other nation. Scotland and Ireland have greatly increased their t'neungellzed Foreigners in New York contribution. The French immigra- tion, very small before the war, is ACCORDING to the recent cen- now almost equal to that of Italy. sus thirty-two foreign tongues It is claimed that prohibition is reare spoken in New York City, those sponsible for the vast exodus of using them numbering nearly 1,700,- Slavic people. If this is true, we realize 000. Evangelical missionary effort what a mistake we made in delaying has concentrated upon the Italians this legislation so long. If prohibibecause 0~ ,: greater number, and tion becomes a factor in the selecthere are thirt) three organizations tion of superior material for nation holding Christian services in that building a new argument will be furlanguage. Next in order are the nished to sustain it and to secure Swedes, with thirteen churches, then the vigorous enforcement of the law. Norwegians, Chinese and Japanese, but there are at least ten or twelve United Presbyterian. nationalities that have no opportunity to hear the Gospel proclaimed in The Jewish Problem in America their own language from an evangelical pulpit. For seven of these na- THE total Jewish population of tionalities there are no services of the United States is almost. four any kind in their own tongue. Only millions. In the garment making two per cent of the foreigners in areas of our great cities, in stores, New York City are members of brokerage houses, and arts of trade evangelical churches. Here is a prob- one emphatically realizes the part lem worthy of cooperative effort. which the Jew is playing in our economic life. He still is the Jew, Italian Leaders in Conference though largely without allegiance to the synagogue or loyalty to the re- THE need of evangelistic teach- ligion of his fathers. Still less is ing among Italians was empha- he affected by Christianity. Of all sized at the biennial conference on the million and a half in Greater Italian work, held at Auburn, N. Y., New York there are no more than June 22-24, under the auspices of 2,000 Christians. Through its Comthe Presbyterian Board of Home mittee on Plans and Policies for He- Missions. After a discussion of brews the Home Missions Council is methods for breaking down the re- seeking for the various denominaluctance of Italians to enter Protes- tions doing work among Jews to fortant missions, recommendations were mulate a literature, to outline a promade regarding the printing of tracts gram and to develop a method that on Protestant principles. About fifty shall more earnestly and broadly delegates represented 102 organized meet the spiritual demands of the churches and missions working for sons of Israel. Italians. A Year of Prohibition Slavs Leaving America A YEAR and more of prohibition A SIGNIFICANT change has has gone by, and it is possible to taken place in the character of gauge the material results of the the immigrants coming to this country new order. The fact that most of since the war. The vast Slavic tide the returns come through the courts of the pre-war days has changed its and penal institutions is indicative direction. It is now an outgoing of the need for the banishment of instead of an incoming tide. The alcoholic temptation. Although the people of northern Europe, on the lay enforcement is far from perfect, other hand, are coming' in greater less than one-third as many 1?eople

were arraigned for drunkenness the ing out in colleges and seminaries first five months of the year in the claims of home missions. Massachusetts, as during the corresponding period last year. AMore Missionaries Needed LTHOUGH the Presbyterian Money has been diverted into new missionary force on the foreign and more useful channels, and the present scarcity of scrub women in field shows a net gain of sixty-four many places shows· that the number of drunken husbands supported by this year, and the largest number of wives has diminished, and the wives are now experiencing the unaccus- new missionaries the Board has ever tomed luxury of being supported. Children already give evidence of had are under appointment to sail being better nourished. for their posts in thaendneraersigfnuattuiroe~ These facts should cause the the losses by death American people to line up solidly for full enforcement of the law. nearly balance the gain; reinforce- Student Volunteer Movement Broadens ments still are sorely needed. The THE Student Volunteer Move- Board wants for Africa alone twenty- ment will in the future include 11; five new workers; for China 30' calls· for service in the home field. This will be done in cooperation with Kor,:a, 15; India, 25; Japan: the Home Missions Council and the MeXICO, 12; East Persia, 7 ; West Home Boards. The Movement will render service ( 1) by listing all Persia, 13; Philippines, 15; Siam, needs and calls for the Home Mission . Boards in the same Bulletin 15; Brazil, 7; Colombia, 7; Venewith similar calls from the Foreign M.ission Boards; (2) including in the zuela, 2; Syria, 13; Chile, 7. Directory of Church Agencies with which the Christian students have AFederated Church in Massachusetts dealings, the Candidate Secretaries YEAR of federation of the of the Home Boards as well as the Foreign Boards; (3) cooperating churches in Ashland, Mass., has with the agents of the Home Boards changed the whole situation for the by giving them suggestions as to town. Congregational, Methodist and methods for finding candidates quali- Baptist Churches in March, 1919, fied to fill positions in home mission adopted the Articles of Federation work; (4) promoting the study of recommended by the Massachusetts the home mission courses provided Federation of Churches, and there is by the Home Boards in the same no longer a struggle to keep alive. general manner in which the Move- In March this year the combined ment has promoted the study of membership, after vigorous pruning, foreign mission courses; (5) recom- was 250, and there have been fifteen mending through the Christian or- additions since then. Attendance ganizations of the colleges that in the often reaches four hundred. The series of missionary meetings, lec- Federated Church is raising $700 a tures and topics of discussion clubs, year more than the combined budget home missions be given their proper of the three former churches, and place, and (6) helping the agents of the Home Mission Board to route the pastor receives $2000 salary. T r a v e ling Candidate Secretaries The Sunday-school is full of life whom the Home Mission Boards and has a membership of nearly fou; may desire to set apart for sound- hundred.

The Churches in Tennessee A SURVEY of seventeen coun- ties in Tennessee shows that the average Protestant Church has onlv seventy-five members. Many church buildings are used only twelve times a year, and one in every six is with- out a pastor. Only two out of three possess any record of membership.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

To Consider Mormon Field as from New York to Constantin- ople. ( 4 ) Better methods of com- HE Joint Committee on Mor- T monism of the Home Missions m u n ication-wireless stations. In Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions has appointed a some places the missionaries receive sub-committee to take into considera- only 2 or 3 mails a year. These tion the relative values of colportage, are material needs-above': all Alaska lectureships, churches, denominational -Eskimo, Indians and white men- school, mission enterprises, commun- needs the Gospel of Christ. ity centers, literature and its distri- bution, new cooperative agencies, LATIN AMERICA instruction in Theological Seminaries, enlistment of the clergy in preven- On the Mexican Border tive propaganda, legislation laws and enforcement, and such other mat- REV. JOHN BURMAN, a Swe- ters and methods as they feel should dish-American, is making his in- come under consideration in the fluence felt in Mexico. He found cooperative program of Reconstruc- Christ while working as foreman tion. The committee consists of Rev. in a copper smelter, gave up a F. L. Moore, Chairman (Congrega- good paying position and acquired tional); L. C. Barnes (Baptist); E. some education. He then served six L. Mills (Methodist Episcopal); A. years as a missionary in Bolivia and . ]. Montgomery (Presbyterian); Mrs. became acquainted with the Latin M. L. Woodruff (Methodist Epis- Americalp temperament. Returning copal); Mrs. F. W. Wilcox (Con- to the Southwest of the United gregational); John Wood (Protes- States he built up two Mexican tant Episcopal). churches, one on each side of the border. Last year he received thirty- Alaska's Needs seven Catholic Mexicans into his Old Mexico flock. He reports Mexico 'THE riches of Alaska have at- as increasingly friendly to Protestan- tism, and regards United States tracted thousands of settlers but military intervention as an over- with them have come the vices and whelming disaster. diseases of the States. Ten years ago, for instance, there were 12,000 Union Church in Mexico City Eskimo in Alaska; last year there were only 8000 and since 1918 at ALL English speaking Protestant least 1000 have died of influenza- churches in the city of Mexico most of them on the arctic circle. with the exception of the Protestant They are a virile race but at the Episcopal, have formed a union present death rate they will rapidly church. Its membership is about one disappear. hundred and fifty, and it has a strong and growing Sunday-school. Dr. John A. Marquis, who visited Alaska last summer reports that there Training Evangelists in Mexico are four great needs in Alaska (1) Medical work under Christian aus- HE School of Visitors" of pices-hospitals, physicians and nur- T Guanojuato, Mexico, has for its ses. There is a doctor at Point object the training of house to house Barrow but the nearest hospital is evangelists, and the course covers 600 miles away. (2) They need a one year. Thorough and practical division of territory among Evangel- Bible training is given, as well as the ical missions-to avoid overlapping history of the Reformation and early and to care for unoccupied areas. church history. Mornings are de- (3) They need modern methods of voted to study and in the afternoons homeopathies. From Sitka to Point the students go out on visitations Barrow is in point of time as far with their directress. Not only are the students developed in their per- sonal spiritual life, but they become

expert in the task of influencing Holy Virgin, for healing my others to· accept Christ. daughter Jane in September, 1918." Above are crutches reported to have Bible Work in South America been left by those who came there on them and departed without need- SHIPPING conditions between ing them. North and South America last year greatly crippled the work of A poor old woman of Santiago Scripture distribution. Nevertheless, said to one of the priests. "I want the results from the circulation of a nice mansion in heaven. How can Gospels in towns and villages was I get it?" "You can have one for far beyond mathematical computa- 30,000 pesos," was his reply. By tion. The workers rarely visit a the most rigid self-denial she was town without finding some who are able to hand over to the priest the keenly interested in the Bible, and 30,000 pesos at the time of her death. in many places the teaching of the Gospel is gaining ground rapidly. A Suggestion for Paraguay This is in spite of the unfriendliness of the priests, who are contin- ALTHOUGH the people of ually slandering the work. One wo- Paraguay are embittered against man said that the priest told her that Romanism, it does not follow that if she would not burn her Bible, it they are thereby drawn to evangelwould bring misfortune and sickness ical Christianity. Mr. Morton, of on her house. "That I dared not to the Disciples Mission, says that for do," she said, "and so I threw it into this reason a practical comparison of the canal; the water carried it away the two religions is what is needed into the interior of a vineyard and above all else. At present there is left it sticking in the mud; a con- no orphanage for boys in all Paratractor found it, cleaned it off and guay, and the only one for girls began to read it. "Since I came is an annex to an insane asylum. into possession of this book," said he, "things have changed The physical condition of the I feel as if I were a child of God." people is such that more than seventy- per cent of the conscripts have to The workers are looking forward be rejected. American packing comto an enlarged personnel, a Bible panies are ready to finance Chriscoach and Bible motor for Argentina tian social work in connection with and a Bible yacht for Paraguay. their plants in Paraguay. Mr. Mor- ton also urges an industrial and agri- Bible Society Record. cultural training institute for the Indians of the old Jesuit mission Heavenly Mansions for Sale territory.

NEAR Santiago, Chile, is a re- AUSTRALIA AND THE ISLANDS production of the Lourdes Grotto in France. The cavern is about Morality in Australia thirty feet wide and fifteen feet deep. On one side is a statue of the Virgin REV. C. B. COCKETT of Meland near the entrance are six spigots bourne, Australia, one of the of city water. The water that flows speakers at the International Confrom these spigots has been blessed, gregational .Council in Boston, reand is believed to have miraculous ports that in Sunday observance powers. The sick and crippled take Australia is ahead of America. There a drink, and many bring bottles to be are no theatres open on Sunday, and filled and carried home. Numerous in some provinces no trains or train slabs about the grotto bear such in- service; in others, car service is in scriptions as :"1 give thee thanks, 0 operation at the church hour only.

(Continued on page 839) What are You doing to spread the Gospel?

JOIN THE POCKET TESTAMENT LEAGUE and have a part in its endeavors to put the Word of God not merely into the pocket but into the life. .

MEMBERSHIP IS FREE. Let us send you membership card~ and literature describing the work of the League around the world.

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Send for information now. Your name on a postal will do.

POCKET TESTAMENT LEAGUE Fifth Floor 156 Fifth Ave., New York City John Doe Was a Christian He was a devoted church worker He was an ideal husband and father He believed in Missions He wanted to provide for his wife's old age He wanted to help establish the Kingdom He made a Will BUT His Will contained a technical error It was contested It dragged through the courts His estate dwindled through litigation His widow had worry instead of ease John Doe meant well but he should have administered his own estate LIFE ANNUITY BONDS would have solved his problem For full information send a postal card to George M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Fifth Avenue. New York. or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 170I Arch Street. Philadelphia. Pa.

Please mention THlC MISSIONARY R£VIltW OF THF; WORLD in writing to advertisers ARE YOU TOO BUSY TO HELP WITH GOD'S PROGRAM?

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Every new sUbscription for THE MISSIONARY REVIEW means increased missionary interest. Every subscription means increased support for the workers out in the field.

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Will you help us sow this missionary seed? "A Jive REVIEW representative in evel y Protestant Church in the United States" is the slogan we will carry through the Fal1 SUbscription campaign. Can we count on you to hold up your end of the Jine?

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-;:::::a:-:::n: – – —- ::h~W:J:- –II ~.-:l::=~vi= ~~::,-, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City, Gentlemen: II Gentlemen: I am glad to recommend the following as I ~~w~'I)dwNa~n'ti'toir,h*a.ve a part In the spreading of MISSIONARY REVIEW representative In my Please tell me your plans town and church. II Name ………………………………. . Name……………………………….. Street …………………………. ..

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,uB I Ohurch…………………. AU Please mention THlC MISSIONAllY REvn~w 011 'tHE WORLD in writin£ to advertisers NEWS FROM MANY LANDS (Continued from page 836) He says that 'the churches are united This as an influence in politics, and that Smile they are putting up a strong fight Says "I against the liquor interests. There Hear Clearly" is also well organized welfare work among industrial classes. II you are hard of hearing. [you1 [have embarrassing amUotmruesnetms-bsaorradsosmyeo!Lurt friends. Is it not worth while to see if Interracial Y. M. C. A. in Honolulu can be a.voided?

THE Nuuanu Y. M. C. A., Hono- 400,lJuu ~rl:lunl:l are now nearing olearly by ~aid of the lulu, which was at first considered Acousticon. A New York physician says: "It is of great value a doubtful experiment, has just celebrated its second birthday and is beat all_devices to me. I should have been obli~d to give up the practice of now firmly established. It is carrying out along practical Christian lines r:'t!"~~::f~:.:';!thad not 0 ained this ot the fundamental principles of interracial fellowship. The building is We offer you the used by organizations of widely different interests, such as the Japanese 1920 Acousticon Chamber of Commerce and the. Korean Citizenship Club, and meet- For 10 Days' FREE TRIAL ings are held by interracial groups of Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, Ha- NO DEPOSIT-NO EXPENSE waiians, Filipinos and Americans. Noon religious meetings are held on :w1dd! Just write…ying "I am hard or h~nd'wilI try the Wednesdays where men of all races receive instruction in Christian prin- ~ue:~~n~ ~~ i:~ ~~ii~1 fo~ YO~rr&!m~ ciples. however. that the Acoustico. baa patented f.._ whieh cannot be duplica.ted. So no matter what your past experieneea have been. ,end for YOUR free trial today.

Dictograph Products Corporation 1447 Candler Building, New York Prohibition in the Phlllppines Save THE first anti-liquor bill was pre~ $32.00 sented to the Philippine legislature in 1918, but went no further We want you to KNOW that we can save you than the committee. The real con- from $25 to $32 by buying our test began last August. The regular session of the legislature was to be- Bulletin Board gin in October and continue until after prohibition should go into We also want you to KNOW tbat our board effect in the United States. The is made of the very b("st material, is DURA- Christian Service League and the BLE, HANDSOME, ATTRACTIVE, CON- Evangelical Union were each par- VENIENT. tially prepared to carry on the campaign, and literature was at once Make Us Prove It prepared, committees were formed and petitions circulated. Large pos- A Postal wiI1 save you many dollars. ters were displayed in different places. Mass meetings, led by R. W. HOLLINGSWORTH MFG. CO. leading Filipinos, drove home prohibition facts, and temperance songs OVERTON, NEB. were sung.

At the various hearings before the Prohibition Committee of the Legislature speeches were made by the dean of the College of Law, the assistant director of education of (Continued on page 840) Please mention THlC M1SfiIOlfARY }btvnew OF THlt WOllI..D in writing to advertisers ftlontgommery VVard NEWS FROM MANY LANDS & Company ( Continued from page 839) Manufacturers and Exporters the Philippine Islands. the director of of General Merchandise health of the Philippine Islands, one or two Filipino preachers and one or Have eatered to the requirements of two missIOnaries. In his message Missiouaries In all parts of the world. to the Legislature the Governor- for over 25 years. General recommended the passage of the prohibition bill and when the law- You are Invited makers had to close their regular session without acting upon that bill, to mite for a copy of our larce Catalog the Governor-General again asked of general Merchandise and our special them to pass it in their special session. But the law makers con- Missionary Circular sented only to increase the revenue. Although the campaign failed to We guarantee safe delivery bring about prohibition legislation, anywhere it had an important educative value, and the problem now is to educate MONTGOMERY WARD &I COMPANY the public conscience. Facts regard- ing the effects of alcohol must be Mi..ionary Bureau put in text books, and a mass of CHICAGO. ILL. evidence of its evil consequences must be given wider publicity.

$100.00 The Filipino Woman for Your Church TWENTY years of American Today's Housewife has helped administration in the Philippines churches all over the country to raise funds in a refined, dig- have broadened opportunities for nified manner. Far superior women. Coeducation has been a to the usual, threadbare, tiring principle in the entire school system. supper, sociable or bazaar. The CIVIC spirit aroused among Not a cent of expense or risk. women by Red Cross work, food Write tcday for details, Church campaigns and Liberty Loan drives Aid Department, led to the organization of women's clubs and a year ago the first con- Today's I-Iousewife, vention of such clubs was held.

100 Main St. Custom still holds sway on certain points. A woman does not drive a Cooperstown, New York horse or automobile, or ride a bi- cycle. She may wish to be a nurse, but men and boys occupy this field. She can do fine embroidery, but the men design the patterns. Statistics show that the percentage of women engaged in earning a livelihood is more than twice that in the United States.

(Missionary Library page 841) Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIltW ott THE WORLD in writing to advertisers MISSIONARY LIBRARY A Garo Jungle Book, or The Mission to the Garos of Assam. By Rev. William Carey and Others. Maps, illustrations. 57:'1 x 7% in. Pp. 283. (Price not given.) The Judson Press, Philadelphia. 1919.

This is of far higher value than For my sermons, I use Kipling's "Jungle Book," and his the large, bold type. "Second Jungle Book," if of somewhat less literary excellence. A Bap- Then by "Just turning tist missionary in Bengal, a relative the knob" the ~~ of the great pioneer of Indian Missions of the same surname, has given t1j~' 1.8 "ea.,,! ~(I" ,.., us these chapters each page of which is interesting. This jungle is inhabit- •• ~"~a.~. CO"".8~O~a..~o ed not by wild beasts but by the Garos of northeastern India who are 6y Sund4Y Schoo£ ~ot'e. or were wild enough to need taming. Their lair and the wild men are "ManYITypewriten In One" finely described in chapters I-V. When they leave their hill-top coverts Because of Its verl!latilityl and descend to the frontier markets, The Multiplex Hammond does "what a procession it is of black, everythjnll any other typewriter wUI weighted, nude-limbed, chattering creatures! How furtively they look do. and besidlJs. it you "Just turn the at you as they crouch beneath their knob" you ca.n chanp:e from one style of type. or trom one language, to anbaskets, arms hanging free, and other. Note the above specimen sword held firmly in the right hand (slightly reduced) all wriuen OR the ready to strike." After bartering SA ME fIIachin4. their jungle goods comes the feast. "There are caldrons of greasy pork, No Other Typewriter Can Do Thi. stuffed roast puppies, smoking No matter who mountains of coarse rice, and huge tubs of beer. But over this unsavory you are. tDhlJt you repast and subsequent carousal let us are, Olt whtlr. you draw the curtain." are. the Multiplex Hammond Is the The British Government found the Garos too near their capital for ~!t}nJu~o.ci:l~ comfort, as they had a way of descending upon the plain, and when the coupon for they had not been supplied with suf- tree folder. ficient "preservation of the head" money they would massacre the land- Also a PORTABLE Model holders, "collect vast numbers of their relatives and neighbors round Full capacity. Weight ..bout 11 pounds. the reeking heads; and filling thes.e Ask for special fOlder. MaUed free. with wine and food, would eat, drink and dance, chanting songs of tri- Inquire about apecial t.rma umph. The heads were then buried, to profe••ionat. to be dug up later, cleansed of their putrid flesh and hung up as trophies ____________ _Free Fo'der____________ _ in the houses of their slayers." In order to reduce such savages to THE HA.MMOND TYPEWRITER CO. civilized men, fearless David Scott in 1823 began for the government the 577 E••t 69th St.1 New York City. educative program, and in one of the frontier schools. three Garos were Please send free Folder to: N~e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ Ad~8 _~_________________ O~p.UOD ___________________ (Continued on page 842) Please mention THE; MISSIONARY RE;V1E;W OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers

MISSIONARY

Correspondence Courses Continued OF educated and became the first fruits of Garo Missions, as well as pioneers Union Bible Seminary in teaching the hillmen. The thril- ling story of Omed, Ramke and WESTFIELD. INDIANA Rangku, is wonderfully told. All were resourceful evangelists after the Have been studied by over 12.000 ministers. "man-cub" in them was developed missionaries, Sunday School workers and into earnest, trusting, Christian char- interested believers in the Premillennial acter. The beginning of the work of Second Coming of Christ. the Baptists for Garos dates really from Feb. 8, 1863, when five were SERIES I baptized, including Omed and TWENTY LESSONS IN BIBLE PROPHECY Ramke, Rangku being baptized three covering in a general way Bible History and Prophecy from years later. Genesis to Revelation. The story of the Christian develop- SERIES II ment of Assam is told in the latter TWENTY LESSONS IN REVELATION half of the book, an inspiring section of the modem Book of Acts. The or An exceedingly plain and reasonable interpretation this diffi~ reader follows Bronson and Stoddard in their early touring as they blaze cult book. trails for the Gospel; we see the Our Method.–8end One Dollar for either course, and a epoch-making Mason and Philips, leason sheet will be sent to your address weekly for 20 weeks. with their wives, starting stations and No further corres:Rondence necessary. un1eas you desire to ask doing the first things in that series questions, for which no charge is made. of manifold activities,-educational, E:wm.mations are optiona.bJe and charge 26c. medical, literary, industrial and DiplomGIJ granted for satisfaotory results. ecclesiastical,-which they and their S.unple••-Th. first sheet and prospectus of either course successors employed to transform the sent free on request. jungle into a paradise and wild men Students ean begin at any time and can study singlyor in classes. into Pilgrims and Evangelists and Pastors find it helpful to keep yuung people inter.oted in Bible more than one Greatheart. The 164,- study. Address 000 Garos have already done enough to make the beginnings effected pro- UNION BIBLE SEMINARY phetic of what the 5,777 church mem- bers will do to evangelize their fel- WESTFIELD. INDIANA lows. They have read Acts 8:4 and go everywhere "prattling the Word." Old Bibles As the author says: "They are Re-Bound equipped not only by their mountain segregation from the wasting curses Haven't you often wanted that old of. the plains, but also by many Bible re-bound-that old Bible with all customs followed in common with its associations and sentiment? You other Mongolians, which help to have wondered where you could have make them winsome and effective missionaries." This last and best . the work done and perhaps you have "jungle book" is worth reading for you and for your children. thought the price would be prohibitive. B. The rebinding of Bibles requires the work- manship and aervices of men who have made Some Aspects of International Christi- . a specialty of this kind of work. You can anity. By Dr. John Kelman. 167 have your Bible expertly rebound in leather pa·ges. New York. The Abingdon or doth. Press. $1.00 net, 1920.

Send me your Bihle by parcel post insured While Dr. Kelman does not claim – I will send you an estimate of the coat to have the knowledge of an expert subject to your approval before the work i. in international affairs, he has what done. (Continued on page 843) R. H. HOWLAND 156 Fifth Ave., New York Please mention THJt MISSIONARY RJcVIUW o' 'l'Hl WORLD in writing to advertisers

LIBRARY Tilling the soU in the fieJds

Haran. Northern Mesopotamia Continued The UNDERWOOD is of equal importance, an insight LECTURE SERMONS into the needs and hopes of men. He believes in the vitality of the Visualize true to Life Real Scenes. Buildings. principles of Christianity and their Customs and r eoples throughout the World, continuing power to mould even such -impersonal things as governments. bringing an aucience into intimate relation with the acti, ities of the inhabitants of all Countries The first chapter appeals to men to rededicate themselves to advance on and Climes: the uncertain future. even though by untrodden ways. The man who fails Bible Lands Asia now would break the unity of Popular Hymns history. He must look upon the sor- lJIustrated Songs Africa row stricken fields of earth and study Oceania the social unrest until he can think Art Lectures Boy Scouts dearly upon the grave problems it Nature Study, Birds. etc. Freedom in Evolution North America (6 periods—51 to 57 presents. South America slides. etc.) The second chapter is a study of Europe the relation of Patriotism to Christi- ~nity, and the third chapter ably dis- Recent Additions .cusses individual and national moral- ity. The fourth chapter deals with Poland and Czecho-Slovakia jugo-Slavia, Ukthe League of Nations as an unique raine and Lithuania. The Life of Christ in Art, conception. "The hour of history The Passion Play. The Birth of Our Nation. and the conditions of the world are unique and the arrangements which MAKE YOUR BOOKINGS NOW must be made for these must be equally so." Lecture Sets For Sale Dr. Kelman is admirable in his We'lffiust make room for the constantly growchallenge, so to speak. to thos.e who ing number of new sets, and are therefore offerwould charge him with dreams of Utopia and calls his readers' attention . ing a number of complete lecture sets at Y3 less to the words of Cleon that Paul's doctrine "could be held by no sane than regular prices. man." As a matter of fact the ideas thought of as wild and insane Eend for particulars of our special over-stock in one age are more alive in the next clearance offer. 51ides at 25c each in lots of than the "safe and sane" policies so 10, 25, 50 and 100 on many countries and subardently championed. jects.

The chapter on Statesmanship in Lanterns and Grapholcope Molion Picture Proiectou. Foreign Mission Work will be strikingly interesting not only to those UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD who are intimately concerned with missions, but to the general reader Dept. M. R. as well, because of the insight into the significance of this often misun- 417 Fifth Avenue New York derstood work.

The last chapter -"Britain to America"-uses tactful yet eager words to wipe awav all our differences. Surely every fair minded student of history will follow Dr. Kelman's thought with enthusiasm when he asserts that England has long been fighting for the cause of liberty which is the common mission of the Anglo-Saxon race.

(Continued on page 844) Please mention TH. MISSIONARY RlcVIlCW Og l'H:C WORI.D in writing to advertisers GET THIS ILLUSTRATED MISSIONARY LIBRARY BOOKLET TODAY-ONLY 16e Continued Ridding the World of Leprosy The Rebirth of Korea. By Hugh Heung-wo Cynn. 12mo. 272 pp. By w. M. DANNER $l.50 net. The Abingdon Press, New York and Cincinnati. Every Christian should read this succint account of the great problem which concerns The Principal of the Pai Chai the Protestant Clturch especially today. It Haktang School of Seoul, Korea, gives in a nutshell, facts that many would gives in this volume a very vivid like to k.low: How the Mission to Lepers but temperate description of the Works-Restoring to Helpfulness-Saving Korean independence movement. the Untainted Children-Curing the Incur- Mr. Cynn is a Christian, educated able-How it can be Done. in the University of California and has been in close contact with the 48 pages, paper covers-containing Japanese educational authorities. colored map showing distribution of He shows himself to be a thorough Leprosy in the World. Christian, as well as an intelligent and self-denying patriot. We have Sent postpaid-15c per copy seen no clearer description of the independence movement than that ADDRESS given in this volume which, though written from the Korean viewpoint The American Mission to Lepers and naturally not sympathetic with Japanese aspirations, acknowledges 156 Fifth Ave. New York the benefits of Japanese administra- tion. These improvements and re- "Oh! For a Thousand Tongues forms may have benefited the Ko- reans, materially, but they have not to Sing been pro!llpted by unselfish mo- tives on the part of the Japanese. My Dear Redeemer's Praise" Twenty times as much proportion- ately has been spent for Japanese A practical way of fulfilling education in Korea, as for the eduthis desire is offered through cation of the Koreans. While in the Japanese schools 65,000 Ko- The American Christian rean children have been accommo- Literature Society for Moslems dated, these advantages have been available for only one out of 250 REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D., of c."o, p…;den! of the Korean population. Over 34,000 Japanese children have been ROBERT Eo SPEER, of New Yor~ Vice~President provided for in the Japanese schools which have been able to DELAVAN L. PIERSON, of New York, Vice-Preaident provide for more than one in ten of the Japanese settlers in Korea. Islam does not see the glory of the Incarnation, the Atone- • Among the valuable features of ment and the Holy Trinity, and this volume are the translations of the Korean documents, including denies the integrity of the the Declaration of Independence, the Letters of Protest to the J ap- Scriptures. anese, the demands for reforms There is, hawever, a new spirit drawn up by missionaries, and the of inquiry everywhere and text of Japanese-Korean treaties.

Mohammedans are eager for Noone can read this history the Christian message. without being moved with the The Literature published by keenest sympathy for Korean pa- triotic ambitions and the deepest the Society is evangelical and indignation against Japanese ofadapted to the Moslem mind. ficials, and without realizing the It goes even where no mission- ( Continued on page 845) aries are allowed.

Fund. ore urgently needed to preach the GOllpel to Mohammedans through the printed paNe Se…l gift. to MRS. E. E. OLCOTT7 Treasurer~ 3!! West 75th St., New York Write for informa.tion to MRS. JAMES MDNTGOMERY,Sec'y, Bos888,Ne"Yo,kC;!y Please uit:ntion THlt MISSIONARY R:t;VII;W OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers MISSIONARY LIBRARY They Have Contznued Tested It possibilities of development in edu- "I feel that lam not adequately qualified to cated Christian Koreans for self- teach the lesson until I have studied it in the government. We heartily recom- Times. It contains the best and ablest helps mend this volume to all interested that I can find." in the progress of Korea. A West Virginia Pastor. The Negro: An American Asset. A Study by Rev. S. ]. Fisher, 12mo. "I use constantly your reading suggestions 186 pp. 60 cents cloth, 30e paper. on the le.son, and feel that I cannot get alons Presbyterian Board of Missions without them; in fact, I do not see how I for Freedmen. Pittsburg, Pa. 1920. could be a Sunday school superintendent at all without the co-operation of The Sunday It is difficult for most pt;ople to School Times." think of the Negro without pre;- udice. Either they are influenced A Tennessee Superintendent. by affection for some good colored "mammy," or by bitter antagonism "I have been able to get a number of our because of dislike for ignorant and people to take The Sunday School Times and criminal Negroes, or by pity for a it is a ble.sed experience to watch them grow downtrodden, handicapped race. Dr. in grace and in the knowledge of our Lord Fisher writes dispassionately and Jesus Christ. Your allegiance to the gospel from first hand knowledge. He de- fundamentals is assuredly refreshing and scribes the history of the Negro in strengthening in the atmosphere of dou bt and America, the religious and home uncertainty that is so prevalent. t, life today, the political, industrial and educational problems and the A Wisconsin Pastor. outlook for the future. The Negro is a liability or an asset in propor- "I am teacher of the Bible class in a little tion as he is kept in a wholesome country church. Seven of the memhers of environment, is trained for useful my class have subscribed for The Sunday service and is brought into prac- School Times and I look forward with rare tical Christian experience. Dr. pleasure to our weekly talks on the lesson Fisher's volume is adapted for a because I feel that your paper will be an intext book, with questions on each spiration to them, as it has been to me, in chapter. It is worthy of study for getting at the heart of each lesson." it deals with a very pressing problem in an up to date and intelligent A Virginia S. S. Teacher. way. Will You Test It—Right Now?

Not only for yourself-do that, anyway- but why not send it to a few friends? Why not speak at once to some of your fellow workers in the Sund.ay school, and let them know that they too can have Foreign Missions Conference Report. or 1It weeks for 25 ten(s–Qur "Get-Acquaint. Edited by F. P. Turner. Pamphlet 75 cents. 25 Madison Ave., New ed" offer which thousands have accepted? York. 1920. …. And this means receiving ."ery week for The Annual Foreign Missions Conference brings together about 10 weeks the best work of a dozen four hundred missionary specialists t.rained specialists on the study and ,l' each year for a three days' conference. The printed report contains teaching of the International Im- <C> the papers, addresses, reports and business transacted. The meeting proved Uniform· Lessons, with .,0< last January dealt particularly with a wealth of other articles of International and Interchurch co- absolutely vital concern to >v0 operation with German missions, "".<> the war and missions, women's ..'" the Christian of today. work, politics and missions, un- This coupon is for <" THE SUNDAY occupied fields and the Christian. o~<> SCHOOL TIMES message. The statistics and direc- -t your convenience. COMPANY . (Continued on p. 846) ..0. 1031 Walnut St., Philadelphia ; ..-.c– For the U ew.ta enQloooo. lleese ~~o; to~~% ~:kS St~nday School T1mes ~ ….e/' N ame________ — ___________________ Add ress. _______________________________.

Please mention THI M'SS'ONAIIY Rsvmw 011 THI WORl.D ·in writing to advertisers For a concise, vivid and MISSIONARY LIBRARY authentic account of the (Continued trom p. 845) Japanese Administration in Korea tory of societies a.re now published in a separate volume-the "Foreign Japanese Policy in Korea Missions Year Book." (Price $1.00). The Rise of Democratic and Nation- alistic Spirit Among the Koreans Social and Religious Life of Italians in. America. By Rev. E. C. Sartorio, READ 8vo. 149 pp. $1.00. Christopher Publishing House, Boston. 1920. The Rebirth of Korea An Italian view of Italians in The Reawakening of the People: Its Causes Ilnd America is sure to be of interest. Mr. Sartorio is a Protestant Chris- the Outlook tian, and gives a clear picture of life in Italian colonies, the influ- By HUGH HEUNG-WO OYNN. ence of America on the immigrants. Principal Pai Ch80i Ha.k:tang, Seoul, Korea mission work among them and methods by which Italians may "The entrance into English literature, and be- best be approached. As a minister fore the American public, of the Korean who of the Protestant Episcopal Church wields such a facile and trenchant pen, is an event Mr. Sartorio naturally pays esof no small importance in the literary and politi- pecial attention to the work of ·that ca.l, as well as the religious world. One of the Church. It is worth while to set> elements of strength and durability, is the chast- Italians in America through thi~ ened self-control of the writer. The book is clear sighted author's eyes. bound to be an epoch-maker and to bring the Baptist Missions in the South. 12mo. ~~~~~~(>~~fJ::~n:~~~~~~«~~egri~~.Pinion to 205 pp. 55 centS. cloth.

Illustl ated. Net, $1.50, postpaid Country Churches in the South. 12mo. (Price subject to change without notice) 207 p. 60 cents, cloth.

AT THE BETTER BOOK SHOPS The Call of the South. 12mo. 222 pp_ 60 cents cloth. THE ABINGDON PRESS By Victor 1. Masters. Home Mission Board of the Southern (P.unded 1789) Baptist Convention Atlanta. Georgia. 1919. New York Cincinnati Chicago BOlllon P.hl.barah San Fra!ll"isco These three volumes offer tht> Detroit Kansas City basis for a practical and compre- hensive study of Christian work in Portland~ Ore., Salesroom the Southern States. They have been prepared by the Superintend- GORDON ent of Publicity of the Southern Baptist Convention as text books Bible for Home Mission study classes. As such and for their general in- College formation they have value.

T HEOLOGICAL. Missionary. Reli- o Hana San-A Girl of Japan. By gious-Educational College course of 4 years. college degree of T. B. Grad- Constance A. Hutchinson. Illus- uate school of Theology. 3-year course trated 12mo. 160 pp. 2s. net Church graduate degree of B. D. Two-year Missionary Society, Lond.on, 1919. collegiate training course. Interdenom.. inational. Of full college and graduate The romance a.nd oddities of grade. with a wide range of studies. per- child life in Japan are woven into meated by a remarkable evangelical this story of a Japanese girl who spirit. Notable faculty and student came under Christian influence and body. New and beautiful fireproof was thereby transformed. It is a buildings. with dormitories. Organized good book for girls, combining in- religious work. Self-support. For cat- formation as to Japan with the alog and correspondence address interest attached to Oriental life and the inspiration of Christian NATHAN R. WOOD, President influence. Gordon Bible College Boston, Mass.

Please mention TH~ MISSIONARY bYlaw or 'rRI WenD in writiq to adTertUera MISSIONARY PERSONALS The Canton Christian DR. JAMES L. BARTON, Secretary of the College American Board of Commissioners for Is in urgent need of money with: which to carrv on its work in the in- Foreign Missions, was elected permanent terest of all the missions.

chairman of the International Congrega- Fifty-seven per cent of the expenses are met by the receipts from the . tional Council. '" '" students so that about forty-three DR. ANDREW C. MURRAY, General Sec- per cent constitutes the annual def- icit. Of this annual deficit only retary of the Nyassaland Mission, has about ten per cent is derived from interest on invested funds, including come to America for a period of three endowment, while nearly ninety per cent must be raised annually in or four months to awaken interest in direct gifts from individuals, branches of the General Association of the opening Portuguese territory to mission- College, church sessions, Sunday Schools and missionary societies. ary effort. .. '" . The danger is that if at the end of the year the annual deficit is not REv. EDWIN F. LEE, D. D., of the Board covered by gifts, then there is a real deficit which amounts to a set of Foreign Missions of the Methodist back. This is the case just now with the College. Everyone can do some- Episcopal Church has been elected Asso- thing and every gift is gratefully received, from a one cent postage ciate Secretary, with Europe and North stamp up to a million dollars toward the endowment fund. But why stop Africa as his special field. there? At present put of a popula- tion of 35,000,000 in the two Kwang * '" .. Provinces there are only 1,500 boys and girls in Christian high schools, DR. MARY STONE, the well-known Chi- and in college. One-third of these are in Canton Christian College. nese woman physician, has been offered Write for information on how to the deanship of a Union Nurses' Training interest children and grown-ups in missions and how to become a col- School about to be opened in Shanghai, lecting or contributing member of the General Association of the Colunder the auspices of several American lege and be sure to read the article in this number of the Missionary Mission Boards. Review by Mahlon H. Day.

REV. S. B. ROH'"OLD*, *Superintendent of Trustees of the the Presbyterian Mission to the Jews in Canton Christian College Toronto, has accepted a call to under- 156 Fifth Ave., New York take the work of organizing a Bible School in Palestine, under the direction of the London jew's Society.

* .. '"

BISHOP W. R. LAMBUTH, of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, South, sailed for the Orient with a party of missionaries in July. * ….

DR. WIUIAM C. STURGIS, Educational Secretary of the Protestant Episcopal Board of Missions, is devoting a year of study to every aspect of the mission field. He expects to visit Italy, India, Siam, Ceylon, Burma, the Philippines, China and Japan.

REV. JOHN E. *RO'B" IN'S" ON, D. D., mis- sionary bishop of the Methodist Church in India from 1904, has retired from ac- tive service but will continue to reside in India.

MR. AND MRS. '" F.'" S.* BROCKMAN have recently returned from the special mis- sion to Japan, China and Korea, to help forward the Young Men's Christian As- sociation work in those countries.

MR. MYRON A.'" C'L" AR'"K, pioneer secre- tary of the Y. M. C. A. in South America and oldest in continuous service on the staff, died suddenly May 16, shortly after his return to Rio de Janeiro.

*** BISHOP FRANK W. WARN>;, of Luck- now, India, was able to reach America to attend the General Conference only by signing articles of agreement to work as an oiler in the engine room of a freight steamer. The Bishop arrived in New York May 6, and received $57 for his services, which he distributed among the other members of the engine room force.

Please mention THJt MISSIONARY RI!VI.W OI' 'tHI! WonD in writing to advertiaeta The Religious Press As a subscriber to religious magazines you are keenly appreciative of their value to you, to our country and to the church. They are the one class of publications which carry the message of righteousness as the dominant theme. They are one of Christianity's greatest forces-the printed page at work for God and men, week in and week out, year after year.

There are hundreds of thousands of readers of religious magazines. These readers are-like yourself-the backbone of our nation-the one class of peopJe whose chief thought is to make the world a better world-a Christian world. Think of the influence of the printed page carrying the vital message of Christ to these thousands of earnest persons.

Like other publications, religious magazines carry advertising as a business proposition for the revenue adverti,;ing brings, but unlike other publications, the religious press carries advertising for the sake of others also-for the benefit ofthe reader-yes, and for the benefit of the advertiser. This magazine solicits and accepts only that class of advertising which is worthy of encouragement -it maintains a standard of excellence designed to protect the reader, the advertiser and the magazine.

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SINGING MEANS

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The Missionary Review of the World — March 1920

XLIII NUMBER

MARCH,1920 INTERCHURCH WORLD MOVEMENT NUMBER The Need for Missionary Cooperation S. EARL TAYLOR Growth of the Interchurch World Movement JOHN R. MOTT The Enlarging Definition of Missions TYLER DENNETT World-Wide Religious Surveys RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER – FRED P. HAGGARD AT HOME – W. S. ATHEARN ABROAD EDUCATION The Resources of the Home Church SPIRITUAL – W. E. DOUGHTY FINANCIAL – DAVID McCONAUGHY LIFE SERVICE – – J. LOVELL MURRAY Enlisting Cooperation DENOMINATIONAL CAMPAIGNS ELSIE McCORMICK CAMPAIGN PROMOTION PLANS – A. E. CORY BEST METHODS FOR THE LOCAL· eHURCH MUll E. C.CRONK 2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COpy MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK

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CONTENTS FOR MARCH, 1920 Signs of the Times and Editorials …………………………………….. P~~~ The Need for Mis-sionary Cooperation ………….. By S. Earl Taylor LL. D. 171 Growth of the Interchurch Movement ………….• By John R. Mott LL. D. 177 The Interchurch, Organization-Illustrated ……..•….. By H. C. Reynolds 179 The Enlarging Definition of Missions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . By Tyler Dennett 182 Surveying the Foreign Fields …………………. By Rev. Fred P. Haggard 185 Surveying the Field at Home ……………… By Rev. Ralph E. Diffendorfer 190 American Religious Education Survey ………… By Prof. Walter S. Athearn 195 Christian Education in America …………………… By Rev. James E. Clark 198 American Ministerial Support ……………….. By Dr. Joseph B. Hingeley 200 American Hospitals and Homes ……………… By Rev. Frank C. English 201 Releasing the Spiritual Forces …………………. By Rev. Wm. E. Doughty 202 Enlisting and Training Givers ………………….. By David McConaugley 205 The Stewardship of Life ……………………….. By J. Lovell Murray 208 Plans for Enlis-ting Life Service ……………… By J. Campbell Wbite 211 Results of Denominational Campaigns …. . . . . . . . . . . .. By Elsie McCormick 213 Best Methods-Working Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . By Mrs. E. C. Cronk 219 Woman's Home Mission Bulletin-Annual Reports …… By Miss F. E. Quinlan 226 News From Many Lands …………………………………………….. 231 THE MISSIONAR Y REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert E. Speer, President. Frank L. Brown, Vice-President. Delavan L. Plerson, Secretary~ Walter McDougall, Treaaurer Publication office, Cooperstown, N. Y. Editorial and Business Officc;e,. 156 Fifth Avenue, 2Sc a COP7 $2.50 a year New York uty *ltntered as second·class matter at the Postoffice Cooperstown, New York, under the Act of Marcll 3. 1879. Copyrighted, 1920 The New York Times says: No one who is in the least inter- ested in human endeavors to better the world can aHord to miss DR. GRENFELL'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY A LABRADOR DOCTOR Here is the story of a man of will and indomitable courage. It is a story of such dramatic interest that it is hard to put the book down when one once starts it. Adventure I-there is enough adventure here to fit out a dozen novels of the most thrilling sort-adventure by land and sea, with reindeer journeys, long trips in dog sledges, cruising up and down a wild and rocky coast, mid snow and ice, dealing with all sorts of men, 'hair-breadth escapes from the imminent deadly breach'-one need not say more. Everybody knows Grenfell of Labrador." -The Christian Work.

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The Official Organ of the Interchurch World Movement, solves your problem for you.

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It gives you vivid. interesting materials written by men and women of world-wide authority and reputation-stories that stimulate. inspire and instruct. Abso- lutely the finest talent will be commandedl It is not a journal of church machinery. It gives little attention to the departllUletal mechanisms within the churches. and great attention to the religious and social impact of the churches upon society.

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Facts for

What It Is. The Interchurch World Movement and women from twentyaeight communions and has been called into existence for the purpose of de- largely representative of the official denominational veloping a plan whereby the evangelical churches of· boards and societies, was held in Cleveland, April 30~ North America may co-operate in carrying out their May 1, 1919. Here the idea of the Movement J'e~ educational, missionary and ben~volent programs at ceived the most careful consideration, and th.e conhome and abroad. viction was unanimous that it was providential, timely and imperative. Origin. It had its beginning in a meeting held in New York City, December 17, 1918, in response to a Education. The "Interchurch Bulletin'" informs call of the ForeigIl Missions Board of the Presby- workers in the churches and in the Movement of terian Church South. The 135 persons in attendance the latest developments in the program of the unanimously agreed that the times demand a degree organization. Severa1 periodicais–"World Outof effi.cieDc"y and power on. the paTt. of. the evangelic:al look," "Ever}'land," "La Nueva Democracia"-are churches, which can be effectually secured only by publiShed by the Movement tor the dissemination the cooperation of all. through the churches of information concerning the Kingdom. Literature explanatory of the Move- The Plan Formed and Received. A Committee of ment and designed to develop the spiritual resources Twenty was created to report a plan of organization of the churches, CHristian stewardship and lifeand procedure. The report of this committee was work, is widely distributed by the Movement. received, and approved in turn by the Foreign Missions Conference of North America, the Home Scope. The Interchurch ,Vorld Movement, in Missions Council, the Council of Church Boards of order to promote an intelligent and effective co- Education, the Sunday School Council, the Federa- operation of the various educational, missionary, and tion of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions, and benevolent programs of the evangelical churches, set the Council of Women for Home Missions. Each about to discover and group the facts concerning the of these bodies heartily pledged its cooperation in Vorld's need. These facts are being graphically makin&" the plan a reality. Nearly eighty denomina- presented to the country, and on the basis of these tional and interdenominational agencies have en· needs an effort will be made to secure enough men dorsed the Movement. and money to meet them.

Announced to the Country. The plans of the Survey. At the Atlantic City World Survey Con- Movement were presented wideJy by means of a ference, January 7 to 10, 1920~ the facts so far de· series nf regional ~onferences, and much helpful termined and tabulated were presented. Although criticism and many constructive suggestions were l.1lC surveys we-re'inc~mpete> the facts. -rc"Vtaled "We-rt: -called forth. On·e hundred leading pastors, after a sufficient to convince the Conference, composed of two days' conference at Pittsburgh, in April, 1919, over 1700 men and women representing forty-two enthusiastically and unanimously approved the denominations, that the time had come to call out Movement. An lnterboard conference of 500 men all tb,.e forces of the evangelical churches to meet the challen~e.

On the basis of the needs revealed by :Movement. It also will serve as a cIeadni'

the: Survey made at Atlantic CityJ a preliminary for all co-operatine agenCies, receivin& funds not budget for five years amounting to $1,320,214,557 sent through regular denominational treasurers and was proposed. This budget is not for the mainte- distributing the same on a pro rata basis as agreed nance of the Movement) but to meet the needs as upon by the severa] agendes co-operating. diSIClosed by the Survey, While it is la.rge in amount, it was declared by competent judges, in view of the Basis of Distribution. The Atlantic City Con~ facts presented, to be quite moderate. ference passed a resolution recommending "that all undesignated money contributed to the central treas- Training Conferences. During November and De- ury be divided among'the participating agencies pro cember of 19191 sixty-seven training conferences were rata with the actual receipts ftom the coming cam- held throughout the United States under the direc- paign at the end of the year," tion of the Movement. The number of delegates in attendance reached 13,877, representing over eighty Administration. For economy and conservation in denominations. the work of the Kingdom, interdenominational co- operation, which has been steadily increasing during Pastors' Confertnces. The Interchurch World recent years is to be carried just as far as the condi- Movement plans to hold Pastors' Conferences in tion of separate organizations will permit. The every state, beginning February 16, and dosing Movement, however, does not in any way seek to March 15. AU the evange}i.cal ministers of each displace or interfere with the autonomy and respon- state are to be invited to come together to receive sibility of administration of the co-operating the report of the 'World-wid~ Survey, and to hear agencies. leaders tell of the v1ans for co-operative effort, based on the revelation of th~ needs of the world. This Expenses. The immediate expenses of the Move- will be the first tim.e that all the evangelical minis- ment are being met through credits established by ters of a11 the churches of a state or given area have the co-operating boards of the churches. These had the opportunity to sit down together to con- boards do not advance money, but they do provide sider their mutual task. credit on which the Movement can borrow. The Board of Review, composed of some of the most: Enlistment. The Interchurch World Movement noted business men of the United States, which met has planned a great spiritual campaign for the pur- at Garden City, December 20, said: "The expendi.. pose of enlisting the entire life of consecrated men tures are carefully and judiCiously planned, and and women, and of securing sufficient funds to carry though amounting to important sums, are relatively the entire World Movement program of the evan- small when compared with the I"~sults in accomplish.. gelical churches_ Arrangements cover four-week ment, spiritual, educational and financial, which are periods of emphasis ou the work of (1) The Spiritual justly to be anticipated." Resources Department j (2) The Stewardship Department; (3) Tb" Life-Work Department. Tbe Cost. The cost of the campaign will depend upon World Survey Conference recommended that the the size of the budget. The larger tho budget, the whole period from January 9 until Easter be _set less will be the proportional C:ost. It is expected apart for an evangelistic campaign, co-ordinated that the cost of this campaign will be about four with similar campaigns of the various denominations, per cent. of the total. and emphasizing the work of the departments named above in this general evangelistic campaign. Extent of Co-operation. It is left to each denomi- Financial Campaign. Following the evangelistic nation to determine the extent to which it will cocampaign and the emphasis upon Intercession, Stewardship and Lite-Work, a financial crusade will operate in the financial campaign. If any denomibe undertaken by the Movement. The Atlantic nation has obtained all the money it needs for the Ciry Conference fixed the dates from April 25 to next five years it can enter on all the other phases May 2 as the period for this financial effort. of the Movement, if it so desires.

Contributions. In the financial campaign the Relations to the Forward Movement. The Interfunds raised among the several constituencies should church Movement comes as a nittural culmination of be sent directly to the regular treasurers of such denominational forward movements, the leaders of bodies. A central treasury however will assemble which were quick to realize that the objectives and report the financial facts of the campaign and which they had in mind could be attained in a still will disburse funds for the common expenses of the larger way by working together. With revised pro.. grams and unified aims, they now seele to do their work collectively through the instrumentality of the Interchurcb World Movement.

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MISSIONARY

EVIEW1£ kill MARCH,1920 A CHINESE INTERCliURCH CONVENTION C IDNESE Christians have been stimulated by the great for- ward movements in the American Churches to undertake the greatest evangelistic effort in their history. With the watchword j j China for Ohrist," they have launched a movement to take the Christian message and Christian salvation to the last village of that great republic within the next five years.

The Christians of China see that their land is in a very critical period and they believe that only Christianity can save thei'r nation from ruin. The example of faith and courage -in America has brought a conviction that now is the time to launch a Christian movement for the salvation of China. Already in cities as widely separated as Peking and Canton spontaneous local movements have sprung up, geneTally calling themselves "The Christianity to Save China Movement." Cheng Ching-yi, one of the foremost Christian leaders in China, gave expression to the general feeling when he declared, "We are facing an unusual opportunity that demands prompt action. We cannot affprd to lose time. Things are moving 'rapidly, and they' call for an immediate movement on the part of all the Christian forces in China."

A national conference of Christian leaders of China was called and met in Shanghai, December 16-20. When 120 delegates came together representing practically eve'rY province and every Christian body in China. This milke-up of tl1e Shanghai conference tWas significant as Anglican bist JPs and 'Methodist preachers sat together and planned to work in a united campaign, David Z. T. Yui, the national Y. M. C. A. Secretary Bt~sided. Among. the delegates we're such men as the Chinese who invented the 600-character phonetic system, the man who has attempted to introduce Christian treatment of emploYfoles into one of the great ootton mills of Shanghai; the man who accepted the ministry of justice in the Canton (revolutionary) cabinet on the understanding that he would 161 use the position to preach Christianity; th~ man who had just baptized more than a thousand troops ef the best-drilled division in China; the woman who has largely financed the effort to reach one neglected province. The foreigners present inclnded Dr. Beebe, head of the medical missionaryprogtram for China; Dr. Rawlinson, editor of the ChVnJese Reoorder-and Dr. Stuart, president of the Peking Christian University. ._ '

The Conference was progressive and businesslike. Its first question was, "What ought to be done!" and the second "How are – we to do it T" The China Continuation Committee which called the Conference is gathering the statistics and the maps and the reports that are to make the situation in that country plain to the Christians of North America. This committee suggested a wO'rk- ing program. Seven commissions were formed to study various aspects of the situation alid each,after long discussion drew up recommendations as to what ought to be done.

The new movement will be known as the "Chin~-for-Christ Movement. " And its watchword will be "Christianity the hope of China." Dr. Cheng Ching-yi is to be the general secretary of the new movement. A Chinese, to be supported entirely by Chinese funds, will be his assistant. Rev. E. C. Lobenstine will act as associate secretary. David Z. T. Yui will be chairman of the executive coJlllIlittee. The leaders immediately proj,ected plans for a Week of Evangelism, at the time of the Chinese 'New Year in February, by which every member of every chutrch is offered a definite task in spreading the Christian message, and hence every Christian lined upwithi this movement from the beginning.

The movement is particularly significant because it shows that such an effO'rt as the Interchurch World Movement will not only arouse the Church in North America, but may inspire Christians on the other side 'of the globe, in the midst of a non-Christian civiliza- tion, to attempt tremendous things for the advance of the Kingdom of God. .

NEW FOREIGN MISSION POLICIES R EPRESENTATIVES of fifty-eight Fo!,eign Mission Boards and Societies met at New Haven for the Annual Foreign Missions Conference January 13-15. The program was unusually interesting to tlie 288 dek;ates present. Three points of especial interest should be noted. – 1. In the discussion on the politioal arvd governmental relation- ships of missions, it was recognized that while missionaries should keep free from political complications, they have a necessary re- lation to their own home governments and to the governments in the lands in which they ,work. The work should be carried on with .s little personal appeal to governments – as possible since mis-

SIGNS Oli' THE TIMES

sitmanes ar'e supra-national and are guests of thQ country in which they labor. They should not readily interfere in domestic quarrels and problems but they have first a responsibility to the govern- ment of God, and must stand for righteousness and truth under all circumstances. They also cannot but show their sympathy with afflicted peoples, whether in Korea, China, India, Egypt, Turkey or America.

2. The advantages of uniting Women's Mission Boards with the general denominational Boards were considered. Some churches have already effected this union. Some advantages are clear, but the great question is on what basis should women be represented on the General Board. The general consensus of opinion was that • in case of such amalgamation women members should be selected, like the men, because of their ability to help guide the missionary policies and program of the denominations, rather than o.n the basis of equal representation or proportionate to contributions. Mrs. Henry W. Peabody was unanimously elected Chairman of the Foreign Mis,sions Conference for next year, but declined theelectio.n.

3. The principal interest of the Conference was connected with the financial outlook for the coming year. Strong appeals were made by Robert E. Speer and S. Earl Taylor for greater faith and courage in adopting missionary budgets that are more adequate, to. meet the present needs of the world. John R. Mott offered a resolution, which was unanimously adopted, to the effect that "it is the sense of the Conference that the aggrega'te budgets of the Foreign Missionary Societies for the coming year, as presented to the American people in connection with the Interchurch WorId Movement Campaign should total approximately $103,000,000. This sum is to in- clude not only $30,000,000 as heretofore. contributions for the year, but in view of the imperative needs of missionary work should include $31,000,000 additional, necessary for maintaining the present missionary work at a higher degree of efficiency; $33,000,000 for union enterprises and other unallotted types of work in the foreign field and $9,000,000 for unoccupied areas."

The Conference felt strongly that the appeal presented to the Christians of No.rth American churches should be based, not on past gifts or on what certain leaders believed to be the giving capacity of. the churches, but on the actual present needs to enable mission- ary forces to carry out the evident pro.gram of Go.d.

FORWARD STEPS IN HOME MISSIONS T HE Home Missio.ns Boards o.f evangelical churches included in the membership of the Home Missions Council sent their representatives. to the annual meeting in New York City, January 13-15. Comity and co-operation-and how to meet the needs of the national life in America were the topics most fully discussed. 164 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD (March To evangelize and educate Americans and to make America Christian are the aims of Home Mission workers. The various agencies are ambitio"q.s to magnify Christ and to promote His Church rather than to promote the work of .any particular denomi- nation.

The Woman's Council of Home Missions was in simultal'ieous session and three days were spent in the 'Presentation of needs, the discussion of programs of co-operation, the reviewing of results achieved, and in the study of the broadening fields of service. The Negro question, which is now a matter of grave concern, is under the special care of Rev. R. WI. Roundy, the new Associate Secretary of the Home Missions Council. He will help all agencies doing missionary work for the Negro to obtain a national point of view.

Alal~~a is, one· of the most difficult fields on the globe in hard- • ships for the missionary. It was suggested that the Government be urged 14. establish a wireless system to shorten distances and bring Alaska nearer to the life of tl).e world, and denominational Home Mission Boards were urged to enter at once the field as- signed to them by' the new Associated Evangeli(lal Churches of Alaska, an prganization for cooperation composed of aU the Boards doing work in Alaska. .

.An Interdenominational Training School for Christian leaders among Indians was proposed and plans were formulated for such a school to be presented to Boards working among Indians. The Student Volunteer Movement will be asked to include the home field in its appeal for life service. .

The Home Missions Council and the Women's Council for Home Missions are uniting their etforts to make the Interchurch WorId MoveJllent a success and resolutions were adopted promising assistance in the survey of home mission tasks and in the develop- ment and operation of cooperative programs. The unallotted budgets for the various divisions and types of Home Mission work were allotted to the several Boards conducting such work.

. The number of denominational Home Mission agencies in the Home Missions Council has increased to forty by the admission to membership of the Board of Home Missions and Social Service of the Presbyterian Church in Canada, the Board of Home Missions ~of the Evangelical Synod of North America, the Home and Foreign Missionary Department of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, and the General Mission Board of the Brethren. The following officers and chairmen of committees were elected for the ensuing year: President Dr. Oharles L. Thompson; Vice~Pr~sidents, Dr.

Charle!i E. Barton, Dr. S. Leslie Morris, Dr. Lemuel C. Barnes; Executive S~retary, Dr. Alfred Williams Anthony; Associate Ex- ecutive Secretary, Rev. Rodney W. Roundy; Recording Secretary, Dr. Ralph Welles Keeler; Treasrurer, Mr. William T. Demarest. PR@;~RE~SIVE PROGRAM FOR LATIN AMERICA A MONG THE most neglected peoples of the- world are the Indians 9f South America. Very little Christian work has been done among them, especially by Protestant organizations. In view of' the encouragement" to all mission work by the Interchurch World Movement, and renewed earnest purpose on the part of all Boards and. their missionaries to ~ push th.'e worj{ of evangelization to a successful victory the Committee Oil Cooperation in Latin America called a conference in New York, January 16th and 17th, to consider the needs of these neglected tribes.

"Missionary'warkin this ·fieldin the past has been done chiefly among those of the lower and middle classes. The time has come when the evangelization of Latin America will be greatly hastened by the adoption of special measures for reaching the cultured and influential classes. The Conference urged the cooperating Mission Boards to provide a: fUIid' of $105,000 to support lectureships on evangelistic and apologetic subjects for these classes of people in appropriate halls in large centers."

A most deliCate and difficult part of the program of evangelism is that which must provide for carrying the Gospel message to the women of Latin America. The women of the cultured classes are very exclusive; those of the middle class:- spend their lives largely in. the seclu~ion of their homes; and the women of the lower class are interest~d only in the things to which they a~e accustomed in the daily round of their lives. The majority of the women of all classes are religious, and are a powerful force whicli is holding ml}ny of the men' to the Roman Catholic Church. One effective way of reaching these women is through Christian literature.

The chllrches are under ,obligation to undertake on a scale neVQr before attempted the evangelization and Christian education Of aboriginal Americans of whom there are not less than fifteen million full-bloods between the United States and Cape Horn, to say nothing of the many millions more who are largely of Indian blood. The most trustworthy; data available indicate that there are in Latin North America 7,015,800 full-blood Indians and in Latin South America 8,022,000. More than half of these are the direct descend~ ants of Americans who had developed remarkable civilization bflfore the days of Columbus. In spite of four centuries of disinheritance they are an indispensable factor. in the final development of most of the Latin American nations. In the next five years 147 workers froin the United States ought to be establi'shed at 40 strategic centers in Latin .A,merica with a considerable number of branch stations and with many cooperating workers' born in the countries under consideration. It is estimated that tlie cost of such undertaking in the ne.xi'five' years would not be less than $3~419,690.

Medical work In Latin America should be very greatly enlarged and Boards having work in Latin America should be encouraged to study more definitely the need for medical work in their respective fields and begin as early as possible such medical work as may seem to be particularly needed..

In regard to the great unoccupied fields in South America the following Boards were urged to assume responsibility for the O!3Cu- pation of the fields mentioned, along the lines of the Five-Year Program.

For Venezuela, the Northern Presbyterian Board. For Peru, the Northern Methodists. For Ecuador and Southern Colombia, the Northern Baptist Foreign Board and the Christian and Missionary Alliance. For Brazil, the American Board is requested to help the four American boards now in that field.

The following Boards are considering entering the needy fields of Santo Domingo and Haiti: Presbyterians in the U. S. A., Methodist Episcopal, Congregational, and Disciples.

The next steP ip. the program is the Conference in Guatemala City, which is to be held in March.

EFFORTS TO PROMOTE CHURCH UNION P LANS for interdenominational church union 'meet as many difficulties and opponents as the treaty for a league of nations.. There are divers forms and divers ways in which the movements toward union are manifested. There is the "Conferenc.e on Faith and Order," promoted by the Protestant Episcopal Church; there is the effort to have a conference of the pre1atical churches of Christendom, such as was sought by the Protestant Episcop~l Church with the Roman Catholic and Greek Catholic Churches; there was the Conference on Organic Union that met in Philadelphia last year and sought a basis for interdenominational union, with one name-" The Church of Christ," one creed and one book, ' the Bible, and one form of government. There follows the Interchurch Council which met in Atlantic City last June to consider plans for the amalgamation of the 20,000,000, to 30,000,000 Protestants in America. This Council has recently met again in Philadelphia and adopted the name "The United Churches of Christ in America."

Then there are the less difficult and more practical movements· for unity and cooperation, such as those that take form in great interdenominational conferences, and the interchurch organizations. These are becoming more important, more practical and powerful every year. Where the spirit of unity is fully developed there 'will be less difficulty in organic union. . Finally, there are the actualconsolidations, successfully consummated or contemplated in America and 011 mission fields. Such are the church union movements in China and India.

JBDITOlUAL

~ I I:fiftI ij dii. II SHALL WE GO FORWARD T HERE are two' easy courses open to everyone who laces a new and unusual proposal. One may say "It is better to abide in the old ways of which we have been sure." Or we may say, "The thing should be done. Let us not spend time, then, in scrutinizing the proposals as to whether the methodl suggested are wisest and best. Let us go forward without ques· tioning. " But neither one of these courses is right. When 8 new program, .such as that which the Interchl,1rch World Move- ment outlines, is proposed we must face it with just and critica1 minds, honestly and conscientiously.

If there ever was a time when Christian men and womell needed vision, this is that time. We need to listen to those who know the history of the Christian Church, who can show us where the Church has gone wrong in the past so that we may avoid those mistakes. But today we may be called upon not only to de- scribe past Church history but to make present history. Possibly our children in days to come may see that we erred, here s:nd there, in our judgment and acts but we must not for that reason refuse to move forward. .A. wisdom greater than human wisdom is needed to guide us to better ends than 'we" forsee.

The plans that are set before us in this Movement call us ro set aside divisive issues and to set our minds on our gre~t collective treasures: the ideal of cooperation; the spirit of courage and of faith; the sense of brotherly fellowship and confidence; the will to discover oUr duty in courageous and heroic terms; the purpose , to find and bring to the nation and to the world today those great moral and spiritual forces which we know to be the vital need of mankind; our resolute purpose to keep our eyes fixed on our great common interests and not on the separate inte'l'est of any individual or any group of individuals.We must find the way to accomplish our great task togethet- It does not matter how great are the difficulties. They exist merely in orde'l' that, by the grace and Spirit of God, we may overcome them.

American Christians have an opportunity to exhibit to the nation and to the world ways in which the great work of Christ . can be done in loyalty to higher truths than those with which most men have been accustomed to work. .A. new standard should be set if a better one can be found. But we ought not to" sur- 167

render to practices, no matter if they have been found successful in othe>r spheres, unless those practices embody the purest ideals as one finds them in the methods of our Lord and in the Apostolic Church. _ A financial campaign in behalf of world wide missions is right and necessary. One of the chief engineers of a great railroad was recently explaining the plans of his road to spend one hundred million dollars on improvement·in the next six years. Should not the ChuTch of Jesus Christ provide for more adequate facilities and equipment in the great missionary enterprise at home and abroad ?But the financial aspect is the least part of it. One St.

Paul and what he stood for is worth much more than a billion, three hundred million dollars. The value of one right man is greater than ever can be expressed in figures. We must not distort the ideals and proportions as we go out to do the work that God has . given us to do. We must be united in the brotherhood and in the fell()wship of Jesus Christ.

THE INTERCnURCH WORLD MOVEMENT T HIS NUMBER of the REVIEW gives as clear, as complete an<l as compact a story of the origin, purp()se and plan of the InterchurclJ.World Movement as is possible to present. in the limited space. This is done for the benefit of those who have not been able to keep in touch with the developments of the past two years. The Movement is young and vigorous. Noone will deny that it moves though some may have questioned whether it 1s moving in the nght direction and with spiritual power. Mistakes have been made–what great enterprise has been without themT- but many errors have been corrected and we may hope that others win be foreseen and avoided.

Three things in the program of the Movement call for hearty cooperation. First is the study of the need of mankind for Christ and His Gospel. It seems inconceivable that, nineteen hundred years after the Saviour of the world came to reveal the Way of Life and commissioned lIis followers to go into all the world and pro- claim His message, there should still be two-thirds of the human race who have practically no knowledge of what He came to do.

Scarcely more than one in ten of the world '8 population can be counted among His devoted, intelligent disciples. There is no ques- tion as to the nMd for a thorough and united study of the world in its relation to' Christ. This is the purpose of the various depart- ments of the Home and Foreign Surveys. .Second, all Christian 'agencies should cooperate to insure a more adequate education of the home church as to world conditions and their own indebtedness. anTdheprlienacdipelresso.ffotrhme amniyssyioenarasryb~etnttehreprise have studied the facts

EDITORIAL COMMENT

rank and file, even of the pastors, have been in comparative ignor- ance. Many have studied their own little parish, a few: have taken an occasional hasty glance over larger fields where their own Church ii' working, but few indeed have studied the needs of the world-field with the vision of Jesus Christ, without sectarian or selfish bias.

This united program of education of the whole Church to bring before "the last man in the last church" the whole task is the work of the promulgation group in its various departments. '

Third, Christians should unite to secure a more adequate response than Christians have thus far made to the can- of God to give themselves, their prayers, and their possessions, whole heart- edly to world evangelization. From Antiocil the Holy Spirit called three sixths of the Christian teachers to pioneer work. In the recent war some nations called one in twenty of the men to leave home and business to fight for the cause of freedom; arid yet the Christian Church has been satisfied with one son in two hundred in the ministry and one son in three thousand for work on the fron- tiers. With untold resources in the hands of the Church vast multitudes of ChriS'lians still give little thought and less money to missionary work. Few, very few, have any true idea or practice of stewardship. There is need to mobilize the forces of the Christian Church for the work of Christ. This is the province of the Educa- tion and PromUlgation' Groups. '"

But suppose that all these things are done, and they cannot be done hastily, there is still a staggering task to be completed.

When the field is thoroughly surveyed, the Church thoroughly in- formed and the forces more adequately mobilized, not one individual can be converted:- nor one commUI).ity truly transformed without the work of the Spirit of God. We cannot too often remind our- selves that our dependence is upon Him. . '"

Another danger in a great organization is dependence on human machinery and power and the imitation of worldly methods of promotion. During the war the one thing sought was to "com- plete the job" as quickly as possible. Extravagance and waste were overlooked if >only the end in vieW! was accomplished. Great organizations were built up only to disintegrate later. In the Kingdom of God it is life rather than machinery that counts and right methods and lasting results rather- than large undertakings or quick results.

TIle greatest reason for. encouragement in this Movement is the snirit of prayer that pervades the leaders. Work that is done in the power and under the leadership of God is not in vain, but God's processes are unhurried. The harvest reqnirespatience and self-sacrificing service but above all it requires an understand- ing of God's program, faithful obedience to His laws and unselfish ~ cooperation with Him. –

MISSION

OF THE WORLD _ Unoccupied II _ Vert inadequate" occupied D 1>'1 IIost nearly occupied.

r::::J Almost 110 population THE TASK BEFORE THE EVANGELICAL CHRISTIAN CHURCH TODAY I An evidence of the need for Christian cooperation-nineteen hundred years after the Saviour of the World gave His life for the 'World and told His followers to go into all the world and to preach the Gospel to every creature. :iY S. EARL TAYLOR, LL. D., NEW YORK General Secretary of the Interchurch World Movement P RESIDENT Wilson haJs said: "Religion is the only force in the world that I have ever heard of that does actually trans- form the life, and the proof of the transformation is to be found all over the world '9.nd is multiplied and repeated as Chris- tianity gains fresh territory in the heathen world."

What are the fundamental elements of democracy in America!

The Christian home, the open Bible-in a word, the foundations of morality laid deep by our Pilgrim forefathers. But if democracy has been built up in America by these elements. of our civilization, what shall we say of other nations of the globe 7 Almost two-thirds of the earth's population have never even heard of Christ. They Jive apart from the whole range of influences associated with Christianity; they lack the sense of the value of personality and human rights which work so mightily in a nation's progress. And ·the nations are" telling us about it. The dead f()lI'malism of the Far East will not hold the educated clrusses today. One of the great men of China who passed through America on his way to Paris said: "You have taken away from us our idols and our temples and destroyed our faith in Buddhism and Confucianism.

ResponsiDility rests on you to give us a positive substitute, which we must now have to avoid chaos." Mighty Russia, so vast in size that we cannot comprehend it, sends out this cry: "Russia wan~ books, not bayonets. Russia n(leds teachers, not soldiers. Send us farm machinery, not machine guns. And give U!S help for the four million orphans 6f our country. Send us men and women to work with us, to live with us in the, villages as well as in the cities, to teach us how to be· free and to use freedom wisely."

There is Mexico. Four out of five people in Mexico cannot read the Bible. The very name of God is unknown to one-fifth of the population. Rev. S. G. Inman e!Stimates that the first··six months of the Mexican border patrol cost the United States government more than enough to build and maintain for ten years a fully equipped college, hospital, social settlement, and church in every town' of over fOUT thousand people in the republic pf Mexico. A single Christian school, developed in Mexico by one lone American girl with a few native workers and the help of Almighty God, has literally transformed the city in which it was founded, and its whole attitude toward the United States, and especially toward our Christianity, has been changed. If this sort of thirtg could be 111 .

extended, 'border patrol of Mexico would be unnecessary inside of ten years.

Take South America, made up of republics most vitally related to ,us, a country so vast we cannot comprehend its size. Bishop Oldham declares that the intellectuals of South America have dis- carded God from their vocabulary. They hold a position ,agnostic and openly infidel.

Look at beautiful Japan. A little white square in the center of a map of the island empire represents the Christian poulation.

A little larger area ishows those in reach of the Word of God, and the vast bulk of the population is still untouched by the Gospel of Christ. Japan has failed at the point of her greatest success, namely, her educational system, because of the complete separa- tion of education and religion.

Today 90 per cent of the grad- uates of the government col- leges in Japan are frankly with- out religious faith. They are the future prime ministers, cabinet ministers, governors, principals and professors of colleges, doc- tors, lawyers, and other leaders'

BRAZIL, WITH A POPULATION OF 24,000,000 of Japan. What kind of a Japan A~~ tA~~~ l~Vft¥.~T~Hf~~~%lS can these men be expected to make'

Is Japan a menace f Only: in the sense that America and Europe are a menace in so far as ,they are not Christian. A Christianized Japan would he a mighty force for 'l"ighteousness and peace in the Far Eastern world. Twenty-five years ago th.e mis- sionaries in Japan called aloud to the churches, saying that Japan's redemption was possible at that time.. that the opportunity would pass in a year, ,and the Church must act quiokly. The Chmch did not respond, and the Christian harvest in Japan has been post- poned for at least fifty years, posisibly a century. '

China is better prepared today than Japan was twenty-five years ago. A mighty land is China with her 330,000,000 people, equaling in population all of Russia and Gerrmany and Austria-and Bulgaria, Greece, Denmark, Holland, Norway, Sweden, Great :t3ritain, France and Italy. Today we have the opportunity; to~ morrow will be too late. Will we take advantage of the present opportunity to win China for ChristT The program of the Christian Church must ~t least match the policy of the nation in Service to mankind, if the Church is to con- tip.ue as a world force. Dr. Mott said not long ago: "A practical

THE NEED FOR MISSIONARY COOPERATION

plan of cooperation, entered into intelligently by the leaders of the aggressive forces of Protestantism and adhered to loyally without compromise or sacrificing any vital principle, would make possible easy world-wide occupation by pure Christianity of all those fields that now concern us." Now, if that be true, God pity the Church or the Chr~stian that stands in the way of a program like this!

Let us turn from the foreign field to face the problem before the Church at home. I will mention a single phase of the problem, that of the Negroes of America, and I know of no more difficult CIDNA task in the home mission field.

Illiteracy among the Negroes has been reduced from 90 per cent to 30 per cent. The total property held by them is valued at $700,- 000,000.. There are 50,000 Ne- groes in professional service.

They print 400 newspapers and Jl.eriodicals. Their migration from South to 'North is sending its powerful streams to Chicago, to Detroit, to our great cities. As a result, two hundred and fifty thousand workingmen are located in a new environment. This is their plea : WANTED: churches .

in which to worship (or they are inherently a religious people) decent houses in which to live; fair chances at an honest living; good schools; equal protection to life, liberty and property. In one of their ~hlITches in Philadelphia the contrast is alarming between the space for the Sunday-school and the actual school, with its enrolment of 3,800. The church seating capacity is 1,000 and its membership is 3,300! Why not occupy a field like that' , THE CHURCH RESOURCES AND GIFTS Beyond all question,·the Church of Jesus Christ is incomparably the most powerful organization in the world. With such opportunities before Uls the work can go forward, if the Church will face its task.

Yet a fair study of the Church's latent resources-and un,used power would pTobably compel us to conclude that, of all the great organizations in the world, the Ohurch ~s, developed to the smallest percentage of its capacity. When we look at the Church's financial response to the world's need, we find that in one large denomination it took eleven days to give one cent to the Board of Foreign

Missions, thirteen days to give a cent to home missionls, two months and twenty-four days to give a penny to the Freedman's Aid Society and three months aml three-tenth days to give a penny to Sunday-schools. Then !Somebody discovered that if we gave a two cent postage stamp a week it would increase Our offerings a million dollars. A cent a day would make an increase of $10,- 000,000; a dime a week, $15,000,000; a half dollar a month (the price of a very cheap meal these days), $18,000,000. After fifty years of missionary organization and development in the Methoditlt _ Episcopal Church, the per capita offerings for missions, foreign and home, from both church and Sunday-school, including the work of church extension, special gifts, and city miSisions, are actually less than the per capita fOT missions fifty years ago; and yet the wealth of the nation has increased from $7,000,000,000 t9 $250,- 000,000,000 in that period of time, the per capita wealth of the nation jumping from $500 to $2,500 per capita in that same period.

A typical inistance is that of a church, free of debt, well located, with a good building, good parsonage, fine Sunday-school, having the every-member canvass, the duplex envelope, paying the seventh high- est per capita offering in the district, and has the following record: 102 give nothing; 31, one cent a week; 57, two cents a week; 58, two and one-half i3ents a week.

The war cost the world $450,000,000,000-$7.41 per !second since Christ was born! Interest charges at four per cent for one hour exceea the total foreign gifts of America for 1918. No wonder the commander of the British fleet said: "If haIf of the zeal and passion, half of the outpouring of life and treasure OT organization and efficiency that the state has put into this World War' could be thrown into the cause of the Kingdom of God and of th~ eternal verities, the world would soon be won."

A new day is upon us. If we, as Christiansr believe sincerely that the business of God is the most important work in the universe, it is our duty to use every effort in our power to further the interests of that business with all the resources and knowledge and experience we possess. When the director of a large enterprise discovers that time and effort and money are being wasted through lack of Coordination in, the variouil. departments, he does not rest until he has got the thing coordinated and eliminated the waste.

He will call in efficiency experts and reorganize his enterprilse from top to bottom, if necessary, until finally, allowing only for human error, he has secured 100 per cent efficiency. .

If it is worth going to that trouble to secure the best results from a mere human money-getting business, is it not our sacred dutY as Christians to see to it that God's business is made as efficient as human effort, inspired by faith and prayer, can make itt The trouble with OUT Protestant churches has 'been that, though WHERE 58 MILLIONS UNCHURCHED ,PROTESTANT AMERICANS RESIDE ALABAMA ARIZONA ARKANSAS COLORADO * ~~ -CONNECTICUT DEl4WARE >i ~ 3ili. >''; 'S, D., C. FLORIDA ===~ GEOIIGIA IDAHO i~ ·ILLINOIS 'Y///////U///////////AW//////M iNDIANA , IOWA ~W-= KANSAS KENTUCKY – To..15 : C.tholics 16.788.21<4 Jew, 3,388.9~1 Other Non-Prot. 139,709 LOUISIANA ProtesUlnt. 24,354,216 Not members of ~ny church 58.368.241 MAINE JEWISH PROTESTANT NOT M[MURS MARYLAND OF ANY CHURCH MASSACHUSETTS ,~ ,~ MICHIG"N MINNESOTA G '67 MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVAOA NEW H""'PSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK N, CAROLINA N. DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA RHODE ISLAND S, CAROLINA S, OAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON W VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING —.. individually many of them have displayed a very high degree of efficiency in Christ's service, they have not functioned efficiently in relation to the Church as a whole. It has been like the parts of ~ machine functioning independently one of another.

The Interchurch World Movement was organized for purposes of cooperation, not union, among denomiqational agencies. It is a gtouping of missionary, educational and philanthropic organizations within the several communions, not to supply the details of a plan of eampaign, but to promote cooperation among the' churches, ISO, that a unified plan may be evolved and put into operation. The work must be undertaken in no narrow sectarian spirit. It must liJe the sincere effort of a united Church, if it is to make its full contribution to the happiness and Christian welfare of the new ~~ , First, however, we must know exactly what our objectives are: what is the strength and position of the enemy. These are the things that the Interchurch surveys are designed to discover. The Survey Department corresponds to the intelligence department of an aimy. When the surveys are completed we shall know, county by county and city by city in the United States, and country by country in the foreign field, what are the -religious needs of the world, and what is America's share in the approximate cost in men and money to meet these needs. . Then it is' necessary for the leaders of our various churches or missionary agencies to gather around a common table to consider the facts and figures revealed by the surveYls and to formulate a strategic plan of campaign. When .they see before them places oooupiedby Baptists, Methodists, Disciples and Congregationalists, EpiscopaliaIl]s, Presbyterians and others; when they have the out- line of all the forces engaged in this great world struggle which we are waging for Christ; and when also-they have before them charts of vast unoccupied areas where there are no workers at all- , then that Council can agree upon a plan in which an denominations will have their allotted share. The leaders can then return to their own bodies and societies; and while each remains indepeudent and autonomous in its own field, a harmonious plan,or campaign m·ay be applied to developing the tactics of their individual enterprises. It is the promotion of this spirit of cooperation, of Christian brotherhood among the churches, which is the object of the Inter- church World Movement. The broad principles or ChTistian love and fellowship are the same the world over, and those who come together in mutual harmony to carry the Gospel of our Saviour to the ends of the world will be better Christians, and better mem..

bers of their own denominations because of the proof they have given of their sympathy with the spirit of Christ, our Master, who prayed that His follow, ers might all be one. –

of the Interchurch

BY JOHN R. MOTT, LL. D., NEW YORK Chairman of Executive Committee of the Interchurch World Movement D ISCERNING leaders and in fact other discerning members of the churches, for some time have recognized the desir- ability, indeed the necessity, of a more concerted plan for the expansion of the Kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ, and for larger unity in action in the carrying out of such plans ajs may command the united confidence and following of the churches.

About two years ago· M'r. James M. Speers, a layman of the Presbyterian Church, in viewing the experiences of the American, Canadian and British people during the war in associating their efforts to conduct a united campaign, asked the question: "Why should we not apply some of these same principles to the affairs of our foreign missionary societies1" He presented this view in a pa- per at the annual conference of Foreign Mission Boards held that . year," and some who heard the appeal could not get away from the cogency and logic of the arguments. The Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, influenced by similiLT considerations, was led to take the initiative and decided that the~e would be some advantages in calling together representatives of the various foreign mission boards of North America to consider the desirability of a union of effort on the pa'rt of the foreign mission boards in attaining certain common ends. That meeting was held in December, 1918, in New York.

A memorable day was spent in Conference and the conviction deepened in the minds of those present that the time had come for our various Christian communions to draw more closely together for investigation of the needs of the world, for interpretation, and then, for action on a united program.

A committee of :(ifteen was appointed and then enlarged to twenty representatives of foreign and home missionary interests. Later the educational boards of the church$ were included, and as the discussion ~ntinued the scope of the plan was extended to include other agencies, denominational and even undenominational and interdenominational, o( our North American Protestant Chris- tianity.

At the annual oonference of the foreign boards in New Haven, in January, 1919, and the annual conference of the home boards in New York the Committee submitted their plans. It was the some- ,vhat remarkable fact that on each occasion substantial unanimity was ex:pressed that the time had come when we should come togethEl'l' and work together so far as we could conscientiously do so, in order • See MISSIO"UY Rlcvllew os 'l'H~ WORI.D for March, 1911.

177

that we niight more eoonomically, more efficiently and more fruit- fully accomplilsh the task before us.

The plan called for the creation of a General Committee, first of one hundred, which convened at Wallace Lodge and shaped the plans which have guided the Interchurch World Movement. '

An Executive Committee was appointed_ by the General Com- mittee, -and the Movement began to function almost immediately.

Plans were projected for the surveys .at home and abroad, and all the various activities of the cooperating churches or agencies.

The General Committee was called together in Cleveland in the spring of 1919 and at that time the relationships between this Movement and the various agencies of the churches, were defined.- At another meeting of the General Committee, held in Cleveland in September of 1919, further commissions caTefully reviewed what had -been accomplished up to date, and pointed the way for further development.

Intimate conferences were held with the leaders of the Forward Movements of the various denominations which had decided' to cooperate with greater or less fulness with the plans of the Movement. Still later, eXiperts or specialists were summoned by the different divisions of the survey to review what had been done and to help give guidance. In some cases radical changes were made in the plans of the Interchurch World Movement, and in the steps to be taken in perfecting the surveys.

An interesting group met in GaTden City' a few weeks ago, as a Board of Review. This was a group of men of wide outlook, of la'rge experience, of proved sagacity and judgment, and of the finest unselfish spirit. It was also decided to call together a large body of representativeiS of the vaorious cooperating communions or denominations. This ,conference met in Atlantic City, January 7 to 9 to view the whole task which confronts our North American Protestant Christianity, as it -looks out into the nelds on this continent, and as it reaches out beyond the oceans to all parts.

of the world. The plans or the Interchurch Movement were placed before the 1500 delegates that came together and after free and open discussion accepted the purposes and plans of the Movement and authorized the Executive Committee to proceed.

Napoleon, in speaking of a phase of warfare that has not been much in evidence in the recent war, said: "The time to bring up the cavalry is when the enemy's lines begin to waver, that you may turn defeat into rout." The lines, not only here in North America but on every continent, that oppose the friendly and -constructive ministry of pure .ChTistianity are not only wavering -they are breaking. This is the moment of moments for us to find our unity, our spiritual solidarity, in order that we may win world wide spiritual victories for our Lord and Master.

CABINET OF THE INTERCHURCH WORLD MOVEMENT AT A

CONFERENCE· .

The Interchurch Organization T HE ORGANIZATION of such an enterprise should be economical and adequate, capable of rapid expansion or con- traction, democratic in its representation of the various cooperating communions and agencies, but at the same time effi- cient in its methods, giving free play to individual initiative, with proper safeguards against duplication of function.

The "Board of Review," a group of representative leaders of several denominations, reported at the World Survey Conference their approval of this organization, and the expenses incurred. They expressed this approval in the following words: "Had the leaders, through lack of vision or fear of present criticilim, dared less, and prepared a less adequate foundation, they would havesubjecfed themselves eventually to far greater censure because of their failure to have oonstructed a foundation sufficiently broad . and strong for the great structure which alone will be in any sense worthy of the united effort of so large an aggregation of the Christian people of the land."

The basis of the Interchurch Movement organization is the con- stituency of cooperating denominations and denominational Boards that ferms the grouncwork of the entire plan. ThQiT represintative 179

controlling body is the General Committee of which Hon. Robert Lansing is Chairman and the members of which are nominated· by the varioUlS communions. This Committee outlines the policies, while the Executive Committee headed by Dr. John R. Mott works out the policies in more detail. The direction of the execution of policies is in the hands of Dr. S. Earl Taylor, General Secretary, and a Cabinet of nine Associate General Secretaries who are chosen for their executive ability, their experience in similar organizations, and their relationships to their denominations. Many of them are aLso di'rectors .of departments of the Movement.

Dr. 'Abram E. COTY, who headed the !Men and Millions .Move- ment of the Disciples Church, is Director of the Field Department.

Dr. W. B. Millar, for some years General Secretary of the Lay- men's Missionary Movement, is s.ecretary of the. EXe<lUtive Com- mittee. Dr. Fred P. Haggardt former general iSecretary of the Baptist Victory Campaign, is Director of the Surv.ey Department.

Dr. Fred B. Fisher, who was Campaign Director of the Methodist Centenary, is director of the Industrial Relations Department.

Dr. Daniel A. Poling, associate president of the United Society of Christian Endeavor, directs the Laymen's Activities Department.

MI'!s. William H. Fa:rmer, one of the leading women ()f the Baptist Church, is director of the Women's Activities Departm~:iJ.t. Dr: J.

Campbell White, former Secretary of the Laymen's Missionary , Movement, is head of the Life Work Department. Miss Mabel Cratty, General Secretary of the Y. W. C. A., is also an Associate Secretary of the Interchurch World Movement. Dr. J. Y. Aitchison, of the new Board of Promotion of the Northern Baptist Convention: is also on the cabinet. Dr. William Hiram Foulkes, general secre- tary of the New Era Movement oithe Presbyterian Church, is vice- chairman of the Executive Committee. .

The expenses of the movement for salaries, rent, travel, printing, supplies and surveys up to January 1, 1920, amounted to $2,035,000.

The amount to be spent up to June 30 next covering the period of intense activity through the United Simultaneous Financial Ingather- ing, will be based on the principle that the expense should not exceed 5 per cent of the amount of money to be raised. The expenses will be met by advances from banks, which are willing to make loans to the Movement without collateral and secured only by the underwrit- ing of the cooperative agencies. Ea:ch cooperating agency is ex- pected to underwrite the expense up to 5 per cent of its- own askings. It will not be called upon to pay any eXlpense money, even· out of its own receipts in the campaign, however, unless the amount of gifts not designated for any particular denomi~ational . agency falls. below the total expenses. .

Plan of Organization of the Interchurch World

GENERAL COMMITTEE (Meets four times a year) 155 Members of Denominations and Denominational Boards HON. ROBT. LANSING FRED. B. SMITH WM. B. MILLAR Chairman Vice-Chairman Secretary I EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (Meets once a month) J Finanee 24 Members from tbe General Committee , Nominating and Budget Committee Committ. . JOHN R. MOTT, WM. H. FOULKES.

Chairman Vice-Chairman WM. B. MILLAR GEORGE M. FOWLES Secretary Treasurer I CLEARING HOUSE COMMITTEE I ORGANIZATION AND METHODS· John H. WiUiam.

. THE CABINET .

S. EARL TAYLOR J. Y. Aitchison Fred B. Fisher Daniel A. Poling General Secretary Chairman Abram E. Cory Wm. H. Foulkes J. Campbell White Wilt! E. Doughty George M. Fowles Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer Fred P. Haggard John R. Mott Fred B. Smith Miss Mabel Cratty Wm. B. Millar ADMINISTRATIVE GROUPS WITH DEPARTMENTS AND EXECUTIVES – OBJECTIVES GROUP EDUCATION PRO MULGA- F. P. Halillard, E",ecutive GROUP TION GROUP AUXILIARY Departments aDd Directors GROUP Daniel A. Poling A. E. Cory FOREIGN EXPOSITION Eueuli.. Wm.B.Millar Efl:e&'Uti1l6 Ezecuti1l6 SURVEY DEPT. DEPT. FIELD DEPT. INDUSTRIAL A. E. Cory SALES DEPT. J. F. Zimmerman F. P. Haggard RELATIONS Herbert L. Hill DEPUTATIONS HOME MISSIONS GRAPIDCS Fred B. Filher C. H. Pratt SERVICE DEPT. C.C.M""" SURVEY DEPT. LAYMEN'S LITERATURE ACTIVITIES 8.J. Herben TREASURY DEPT. R. E. Diffendorfer L. A. Warner Geo: M.Fowl"" Daniel A. Poling PUBLICITY AMER. EDUCA· LANTERN T1Ier Dennett PERSONNEL DEPT. TION DEPT. LIFE WORK R. C. Edlnnd SLIDES J. Campbell White ADVERTISING and Robt.L.KeIy DISTRIBUTlNG STORAGE and S. R. V"mton MISSIONARY FORWARDING EDUCATION C. 8. Clark DEPT. HOSPITALS RESEARCH and HOMES DEPT. MiI.. B.Fillher PERIODICALS C.C.Miles WmardPrice Frank C. Enl!liah J. L. Muraell SPIRITUAL RESOURCES MINISTERIAL STATIsTICS SUPPORT DEPT. W. E. Doughty W. B. HoHingshesd .. J… B. Hingeley STEWARDSIDP PAGEANT Ralph S. Cuo1unan RELIGIOUS F. P. Haggard EDUCATION WOMEN'S ACTIVITIES Walter S. Atheani Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer YOUNG PEOPLE'S ACTIVITIES W.R.Hall About eighteen hundred int!ividuals are now employed by the Movement in these various departments Each State. County and City has an Interd~ominational Council. There is a State Field Secretary and a State Survey Supervisor. The county and city organizations are formed by the cooperating churches and have volunteer workers.

EnlargiI?g Definition of

BY TYItER DENNETT, NEW YORK Director of the Publicity Department of the Interchurch World Movement L IFE DOES not move forwa'rd greatly in advance of its vo- cabulary. The new world calls for new definitions. In the last three years "democracy" has been the most minted word in the American vocabulary. Indeed, it was minted so often and put into circulation so frequently with less than its face value· of idealism and ethical conviction in reserve, that the word has suffered a depreciation equal almost to that of the RUJssian ruble.

Yet no one will deny that the word powerfully affected the wills of a hundred million people, and its constant use through the world is one of the chief factors in creating this present need for the restatement of practically every definition of human purpose and intention.

Is not the missionary purpose of the Chr]stian Church also in need of new definitions ~ It would be stimulating to the vitality of one's personal religious convictions if, every ten years, he were compelled to write a new definition of why he is a Christian. Words become devitalized with constant usage until at lalst they lose their power to move the will. The search for new words often stimulates creative thought and leads on to new experience. Any attempt to redefine the purpose of Christian missions, in the light of the newly discovered facts and newly awakened human interests which have been brought forwa'rd in the prust five years, will have the double benefit of making our purpose more intelligible to others and of stimulating our own personal convictions.

We pass easily from the realm of personal religious convictions to that of missionary purpose because the two are identical. They are as illlSeparable as the two sides of a Federal Reserve note.

It is because in the past we have attempted the impossible task of departmentalizing our religious lif~ and creating a department of missions, as distinguished from departments of Church extension and religious education and theology, that both Christian ex- perience and Christian missions have fared badly. In fact Christian experience is' missionary experience, and if the experience is not missionary it is not Christian. .

Forty-five years ago a great American poet apostrophized the age as standing "at thy temple door, heart in, head out." The description is now almost obsolete, for while the present age still stands at the temple door, conditions are nearly reversed fO'r mil- lions of people. The head is in but the heart is out. That is to say, vast numbers of people do not understand that what they hear in 182 . the churches, or what they do there, has a very close !relation to what is happening each day in the streets of the world. For them the p-qrpOise of the Church must be made intelligible, and this -involves a restatement of the missionary purpose.

In the second place, we requi're a new definition of the purpose of Christian missions in order that the missionary worker may not fail to grasp the direct bearing which his labors have on the tremendous issues of international politics, finance, commerce, and trade relations, and also upon restoration of healthy civic and … national life, the restoration of goodwill, and the draining off of the vast reservoirs of spiritual poisons which the period of the War accumulated. '

Thirdly, we need a new definition of missions as the trans-; cendent purpose of the Church of Jesus Christ iR order to preserve'

far us as individuals the vitality of our convictions and to stimulate apostolic zeal.

– Before we are prepared to restate the definition of Christian missions, we must study a host of new facts which the last five and one-half yeam of' upheaVal have created or laid bare. We must take into consideration the new political boundaries which have been established, the withdrawal of the Tights of missionary liberty from large areas, the economic questions involved in our dealings with the native races. We cannot frame the purpose of missionary work in any land without first carefully studying, in the light of the Gospel of Christ, the needs and privileges of this great hour.

Not only do we need. information as to the new conditions; new classifications also are necessary. The classifiCations, accord- ing to which Christian men are arranging theiT tholJ-ghts today, are many of them quite new. Some of these new topics are as follows: the elimination of waste; the increase of production; the conserva- tion of life; the boundaries of religious freedom; and justice for women. Under !Such classifications as these it is possible, yes, and neces'sary if the Church would have the attention of mankind, to state the old truths of the Gospel with overpowering force.

With the ascertained facts of' the new world situation and a new classification of human interests before the Church, it is now necessary to create an entirely fresh liteTature, and to devilSe new measures of missionary and religions education. The work of the home missionary among foreign-born and foreign-speaking groups of people in oUT industrial centers and agricultural areas assumes new interest and importance when studied in the 'light of sOWId ideals of civic responsibility. Never before has the nation been so exposed to the demoralization of materialism, the de-spiritual- izing of human relations, and the cheapening of ideals. The nation moves towaxd destruction_for lack of ethical k~owledge and

spiritual e01tvietion. It is supremely the duty of the Church of Christ to provide the nation today with an intelligent, integrated, reasoned· program of education i~ which the facts of daily activity are related to the eternall'aw of life as revealed in Christ.

So much for the Tealm of thought, for the creation of a fresh vocabulary. Now as to the realm of action. The. word must become flesh, action; it mnst be eneTgized. The consideration of this subject leads us directly into the field of ecclesiastical organiza- tion and operation, and in this field there is a lamentable lack of clear thinking and firm conviction. The world is extremely impa- • tient with ecclesiastical orgaIlization. It has a vague idea that there are too many churches, that they "ought to get together,"

that nothing worth while is being conserved by their separation.

When one analyzes the attitude of "the man in the street" on the subject of church unity, it is found that it is not unity but united and effective action which he is demandipg. He cares very little whether the denominations effect organic unity or not, but he knows that his own heart is haunted by a hundred moral questions which he is unable to answer and to which the churches appear to have no answer. He desires to do something as a loyal citizen and as a friendly neighbor, to help himself and his fellows out of the moral morass into which they have fallen, and he thinks that the Church fails to help him because there is no Church; there are to h~s eyes only churches. Having approached the moral questions of the day from the daily paper rather than f'rom the study of the Bible, he fails to understand and respect the moral convictions which actually underlie sectarianism. The churchman, approaching the subject from his Bible, with slight reference to the daily news, often fails utterly to respect the moral earnestness of the man in the street who is calling upon the churches to get together. What mankind is really demanding of the Church of Christ today is action,-moral action, spiritualized by the idealism of Jesus.

The Interchurch World Movement of America is addressing itself to an analysis and interpretation of some of these outstanding facts.

It is organized for action. It is at the same time engaged in the framing of an enlarged definition of the purpose of the Church itself. It does not claim to have made new discoveries of religious truth, but it is seeking to define the old truths in such terms of action as will make the truth itself intelligible to hundreds of millions of people in America and other countries. It is an effO'rt, viewed from the widest angles, to convert intellectual assent into moral earnestness. It is an effort to mobilize the moral earnestness of mankind for the upbuilding of the Kingdom of God. In so far as the new Interchurch World program is sincere it may revolutionize th~ attitude of mind and heart of men towards the Church of Christ.

"THE;Y WORSHIP THE;Y KNOW NOT WHAT."-NORTH AFRICAN MOSLEMS AT

Surveying the Foreign Fields BY RE"- F. P. HAGGARD, D. D., NEW YORK Executive of [he Survey Group, Interchurch World Movement T HE FOREIGN SURVEY is a world survey,-geographically, racially, topically, Teligiously and interdenominationally. It is the first thorough-going, all-worId Christian survey that has ever been made. We need to know the facts, let them be what they may, startling or even overwhelming. ,Ve may be so overcome by the magnitude of the needs that we can not do everything, but we will think and work better if we know the facts. With these facts of the situation in hand we can tell what we need in te'rms of men and money to solve the problem.

The heart and conscience of the Church should be aroused by the survey so that adequate support to the work will be given.

Every phase of the work studied in the American surveys,- education, hospital work, training of nurses, teachers and preachers are included in the Foreign Surveys of each mission field. As a result of this investigation it should be possible for the first time to obtain a clear view of the entire task of every Christian denomination.

The China Continuation Committee has a most remarkable survey already complete, and all of that material is at the disposal of the Interchurch World Movement. The right arm of the survey in China is the Continuation Committee; in Latin America, it i!'l 111

the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America; in Japan, the Federated Missions and in India, the Continuation Committee there. The crux of the survey is to put before- tlie Protestant churches of the United States a judgment of what is actUally needed to do the work in the next five years. The budget that is to be made up is coming from the field. Questionnaires have been sent out to designated men and women representing the work throughout all the field. The askings are sifted down to meet the judgment =–__________–=….:;.'::;"" of the Missions and of the par- ticular Board that makes up the budget of what is needed.

'l'ake the untouched areas of the world. Start with North Africa and except for a little fringe of coast towns the major part of North Africa, only a few hundred miles away from the land where Jesus Himself lived and died, 2,000 years after He came, is practically without men and women conveying His mes- sage. The central part of Africa r eveals a situation so chaotic that there is practically no man in the world able to give an accurate estimate even of the population, FACTS DISCOVERED BY THE SURVEY nor an accurate description of some of the regions in which there live tens of thousands, perhaps some millions of men, to whom the same thing has been denied.

Turn to the continent of Asia, sta'rt near the western border of China and we cross great areas of Central and Western Asia with approximately 50,000,000 people, who are practically without even the first mes sage of the Gospel of .Jesus Christ.

In China, seven missionaries have recently made a journey across an area so great that they were nearly twenty-five days in progress, and found absolutely nothing being done to evangelize the people.

Take one example. One of the Provinces of China, first to open to missionary work within thirty miles of a big city, has a mission station where one of the strongest American Boards has been at work for sixty years, and yet so absolutely inadequate have been the 'resources of that Board for the work that in an area with a population of 210,000 people there are today only three Chinese flv/Ulgelists at work.

In all, there are at least 125,000,000 men and women living in

SURVEYING THE FOREIGN FIELDS

TH.E;Y KNOW WHOM TH.E;Y WORSHIP-A KOR.E;AN CHRISTIAN CONGR.E;GATION totally unoccupied mission fields of the world, to say nothing of areas which we regard as occupied so far as the map is concerned, and yet which have in their boundaries thousands of people who know nothing of .Tesus Christ.

Questionnaries have been sent to every missionary in the field and one thing that these have brought out is that this unrest that is manifest in America and Europe prevails through all Asia and nearly all parts of Africa, until men everywhere are feeling that the foundation of things seems to be slipping. The censored press dispatches from Japan do not allow us to realize the struggle that is taking place there. History may well say that the end of the struggle in Europe against militarism has marked the beginning of the struggle in the Asiatic Continent. There is the beginning of a democratic movement in Japan and at this time, when the better element of the Japanese people is realizing that Japan is in danger of launching herself on a road that has been tried and found worthless in the heart of Europe, they need help. The survey of Japan will also show that the great rural masses, the heart and probably the salvation of Japan, has been neglected.

There are 800,000,000 people in India and East Asia, and in the last five years the number of missionaries we have sent, the current appropriations which we have supplied, the buildings and equipment have practically stood still. In the mean time India has

Is LvangelUed Ja.panli', 1 1!_ added 30,000,000 people to the population and by 1950 the popu- lation of that region conserva- tively estimated as to increase will be 1,100,000,000.

In Brazil there are 22,000,000 people in areas where there is 110t a single Protestant mission- • Untouched-30.27S.000 ary and the force of native Bra- zilians to do the work is so in- adequate that there is no hope of reaching these people, at the present rate of progress, for generations. Is it too much to ask for one Christian university in BraziH Cooperation is invaluable if we are to overtake this task.

In Hankow, China, we have seen that the Christian forces when united, even though weak, are capable of exerting an immense influence on public opinion. After the revolution the Chinese took the old Manchu camp and decided to make it a model city. They laid out broad streets and then began to erect a commodious group of houses which was to be the red light district. Hankow had been a city for a thousand years and there had been no such public recognition, nor legalization of vice. The movem ent had back of it a large investment of capital; it had back of it the Government fo·rces, and unfortunately it had back of it the very shining example of the model city of Shanghai with its foreign government. Yet when the united Christian forces of Hankow appealed to the great guilds of the city, appealed through the newspapers to the public opinion of the city, and then ap- pealed to the Government-in TOTAL POPlJl.ATlON spite of the fact that the contract INDLCEYWNANDAFG/IM'ISJ'AN for the buildings had been signed • $T~rlJ""IU'

[ACII DOT ' • 100000 pte,…[ -the Governor of that province wiped the whole thing out of exis- tence and saved the city of Han- kow from that shame and dis- grace. To accomplish that in Asia the churches had to co- operate.

T}le . Foreign Division Sur- .vey of the Interchurch World

19201 SURVEYING THE F'OREtGN' FIELDS

THE HARVEST AFTER THE SOWING-BAPTISMS IN INDIA Movement is making such a survey of all foreign mission fields as will enable it, in cooperation with the missionary agencies of the United States, to determine the obligations of those American agencies and to formulate a five yeaTs' program of advance, which may be budgeted in terms of men and money.

It is of course impossible to make a complete survey in time to render all the f'acts available in the coming financial campaign. but the survey is being conducted with such thoroughness as to insure the securing of data which will be a trustworthy basis fO'l' subsequent surveys. To insure the wisest expenditure of the money made available it will be necessary to furnish the cooperating agencies with the fullest information possible rega'l'ding the fields. In view of this fa.ct the Foreign Division proposes to continue the process of survey with all rapidity consistent with thoroughness, completing the surveys as far as possible in the Autumn of 1920, and to furnish the cooperating agencies entrusted with the expenditure of the funds information as it is received.

MAP OF TBE UNITED

TION PER SQUARE MILE, BY STATES: 191 POPULATION II[A SOUAR[ to! L[ . _ to . . . , 0–"' ~.. ,.4S CJ]ZMI ~U""

~.", Surveying the Field at Home BY REV. RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER, NEW YORK Director of the Home Survey Department of the Interchurch World Movement WHAT is this community in which you live1 HAT forces have made the community as it is~ i HAT kinds of people live in it ~ What are their relations to you and me in every day life ~ Why was the Church planted l1ere-and has it realized its pur- poseT Is it a vital factor in determining community ideals? Do the Christian spirit and purpose prevail among the people because this Church is in the community'

The Interchurch World Movement is seeking to answer these and similar questions for the denominations concerned, by means of its American Survey Department, which deal respectively with Home Missions, Education, Religious Education, Hospitals and Homes, Ministerial Support and Relief.

In making the finst approach to a c;ity to make a survey of its poplllation, community life, and the growth and present strength of its churches, prejudice against surveys often rises to block the way, for previous surveys may have exposed the seamy side of the community to the world.

But the Interchurch World Movement ',surveys are distinguished ill method from those usually taken either for academic or ex- ploitation purposes. The churches in the community are to survey themselves. Whatever share evangelical church people may have in the salvation of America will come first of all through self- 190

192()] SURVEYING 1'HE FlELD A'!' HOME

WHERE THE MINISTERS UVE AND _ _ _ .~ j WHERETHEYPREACH 1r-'– iL._._._._ LEGEND r.r-·J—-r—· 1I .. Residence of Minister I – Circuit Unes r-.ir·J"l.- -j _ _.-1. CJ Churches .J • •_J ,……J .J COUNTY N!! 348 A SURVEY SHOWING THE WASTE OF EFFORT INVOLVED IN SEVERAL MINISTERS TRAVELING FROM FIVE TO THIRTY MILES TO PREACH IN NEIGHBORING CHURCH1;S, WHEN ONE MIGHT S1;RV1; THE COMMUNITY examination. To be of value in making a program for the churches, all questions must be answered by the people themselves. Present surveys will do more than gather the facts; they aim to open the minds of the people and stir them to action.

This Home Missions survey will first of all discover the unchurched areas and groups and the unchristian factors in the social life of the United States, Alaska, Hawaii and the West Indies. It will also aid the churches to estimate their own material and spiritual resources and to discover ways and means to develop these to their highest fruitfulness, in order that the Church may shoulder its share of service. Some communities have more churches than they have laymen and ministers to support them, while other districts have no churches at all.

A survey in a southern state shows a cotton mill town where there are 2,000 inhabitants with eight religious organizations, six of which are Protestant. In the same county there is a whole

township six miles square without religious services of any kind and three townships without one resident pastor. The largest denomination in the county has only four pastors serving churches in the communities where they live. Another survey of a mountainous district, where there are five thousand inhabitants, shows a hundred and thirty-five churches, while at the other end of the. state, is a county with approximately the same number of people where there are but one or two nominal churches and no resident ministers.

To serve the community adequately and to be most economical and efficient, the Church as a whole must guard against this unequal distribution of her forces. The Interchurch World Movement hopes to stimulate a feeling of common purpose and destiny among the churches by means of a common understanding of common tasks, and by helping the churches of a given community to plan their programs together. In addition to discovering a more scientific method for the distribution of churches and for determining their programs, the Home Mi1ssion Survey will make possible an adequate program in terms of money, lea.ders and policies.

The surveys will involve a study of the needs of a city as a whole, those needs which cannot be met by anyone church or gl'OUp of churches. By mapping those sections of the larger cities that have a life more or less in common, and where the churches are face to face with similar problems, we shall discover the comtnon service to be rendered by the churches. Problems of housing, health, recreation and delinquency, as well as spiritual leadership, are being studied in relation to the churches.

For the first time an attempt will be made to measure the influence of each local church for the moral and spiritual welfare of the community. The growth and present strength of the church will be appraised, the efficiency of its organization, its property, equipment and staff, as well as its service to the comItmnity. After all the local and community factors have been taken into account, the needs of each church for property, equipment and staff, over a period of five yeans, will be set down. The needs of churches that should be classified as Home Mission projects will be admitted to the budget of the Interchurch World Movement.

A population census will also be taken, both for immediate use by the churches of the city and to discover tendencies toward changes in population which may effect the programs of the churches. A like procedure will be followed in the Rural Sections.

Special questionnaires have been provided for negro churches and communities, others for distinctly immigrant communities, small mining and other rural industrial communities, for Spanish- Americans, for Orientals and for American Indians. Special studies are being made of exceptional groups, such as lumberjacks,

SURVJ.l;YING THE FIELD AT HOME

migratory harvest workers, and laborers in the small fruit industry . and canning factories.

As' the churches are questioning themselves, other institution.

are also being urged to self examination. A study will be made, in cooperation with the American Educational Institutions Division, of the schools among the Mountaineers, Negroes, Indians, Mexicans in the United States, together with schools in Alaska, Hawaii CO~ETEL:JOQOD and the West Indies. .COMBINE~rDntnOOD L.JU 1tJ'uI In each rural county a county GQDDJJfTo:JO8DD OnQlw.–~-1D0 supervisor and a county survey L:l W L…–J BS88 D0mU U 00 ' ~~-;;;;;;;; council are aJPpointed to pass , L—-1cow: upon the findings. This council is made up of representative minis- ters and laymen of all the cooperating denominations in the county. Usually, the supervisor is one of the younger trained rural minister wliose church is willing to release him temporarily for this service.

A map of the county is made on which is shown the location and denomination of every church. The circuit systems, the resi- dences of the pastors, and the boundaries of each parish are also indicated. This map showls at once all the normal community centers and the unevangelized areas. The supervisor then proceeds to visit each community and each local church and the questionnaires are filled out.

After all information from the county is gathered, the council invites representatives from all the rural churches to receive the tabulated results of the survey. At this meeting the condition of all the churches in all the communities is discussed, and the un- churched areas and groups are allotted by formal action. The needs of each situation are taken up and debated and recommendations are made fOT a five year program. No recommendation is accepted without unanimous_ agreement.

Heretofore, the location of churches and the determining of their programs have been decided from the denominational angle, with little or no regard for the plans and activities of any other church.

The Church could not be true to her mission of interpreting Christian ideals to social and community life without trying to understand all the sore spots and points of social strain, the very process of which sets at naught the Gospel of Good Will which the Church proclaims.

Because of the human factors in the industrial situation, and b~cause industry so fundamentally affects the life of the people, it is necessary for the Church to understand all the condition that surround industry and to point out the moral and spiritual factors in these conditions. In all social and industrial organizations of the people there emerges sooner or later the question: What is right? Certainly, any condition of affairs that breeds hatred, strife and violence, any situation where cooperation does not prevail, violates the social order in which men should live in relation to God as sons and to each other a~s brothers.

It is for these reasons that the Industrial Relations Department of the Interchurch World Movement has undertaken to point out the moral principles involved in all industrial relations and to suggest some methods applicable t~ the present sitna,tion. No attempt is made to deal ~deqnately with either specific or general industrial problems,hut rather to indicate the Christian basis upon which these problems can be solved.

It is of the greatest importance that those who are to exercise moral judgment on the premises should know what the exact facts are in order that they may interpret the situation fairly to both parties concerned.

The conduct of our industries is a matter of increasingly intimate concern to every member of tbe community. Our clothes, our food, our fuel are made for us outside our homes. Heretofore, we have allowed the employers and employees to do work for us without remembering our responsibility for the conditions under which our necessary commodities are produced.

Industrial surveys are, therefore, of the very greatest importance as a means of informing the public of the way in which our basic industries are organized to produce the things that we need in our daily home life. The object of these surveys is not to develop propaganda for any solution of the labor or industrial problem, ana not to take sides with employers against labor, or with labor against the employers, but to get at the truth of the situation for an intelligent exercise of judgment with Tespect to the basic moral issuesl involved.

More and more we are discovering ,that all the Christian churches are engaged in a common task-a work of such magnitude and of such complexity that no one church, denomination or institution can conceive of making any impression single-handed. The real needs a:re only discovered in relation to common tasks and can be fully met only by cooperative effort.

AMERICA'S GREATEST

THE SPIRITUAL NECiLECT OF CHILDHOOD American Religious EducatIon Survey BY PROFESSOR WALTER S. ATHEARN, BOSTON, MASS.

·THead of the Religious Education and Social Servicli!, Boston University HE A.MERICAN Religious Euucational Division is surveying religious education in the home, the local church and the community. It seeks accurate knowledge of the religious education in these fields for the country as a whole, for each state and each denomination. The purpose of the survey is to secure a definite body or facts, upon which to base a program of religious education which may be budgeted in terms of men and money, and -with which to persuade the people of the country of the wisdom of such a program. It will establish standards and norms as a basis for measuring religious educational methods, processes and institutions. It hopes to lay the foundation for a uniform system of statistics and measurements in the field of mdral and religious education that will establish scientific methods of approach to school problems for the guidance of local leaders in the building of programs and bUdgets. Finally, the survey will interpret the data secured in terms of the standards adopted and present results.

Thus far the survey has revealed some very interesting and· very startling things. We find four definite tendencies in the field of secular education: First, a tendency toward emphasizing physical education. The curricula of public schools is being rapidly modified in the direction of introducing compulsory physical training.

m

Second, there is a re-emphasis of vocational and industrial educa- tion. We are pl'eparing our people for an industrial conquest of the world.

The third and most significant change is a tendency toward socializing the curriculum. Old courses of study were built around the physical sciences. We are now to build courses of study around the social sciences. We have taught about the stars in the heavens, about the C'rust of the earth-but we have not taught the youth sufficiently about the pe.ople whom they meet. The very kernel of the course of study in the public schools in the future will be sociology, ethics, economies and human relationships. This will necessitate a laboratory, and that laboratory will be the American community. The motto already adopted by the National Board of Education is: "Every community a little democracy; and every schoolhouse the capital of the democracy." If that time comes the Boy Scouts, the Campfire Girls movements, and other similar social movements will be taken over by the public school. The secular state will be undertaking to determine the basis of conduct and the basis of social solidarity of our people on the basis of a theory . of society which has been adopted by the public school teache'l's and officers, and which may leave Christianity out of account.

There is, in the fourth place, a tendency toward building a great national program of education. The Smith-Towner Bill, which is being so vigorously fought by the Roman Catholic Church, is a bill which rep/resents the ideals of our A.merican people for a great national program of education and which will guarantee to every child an adequate training regardless of whether he is born in one of the wealthy centers or in one of the neglected spots of our country. It is carrying the missionary spirit over into public education, and it is providing for a great national Board of Education with a Secretary of Education in the Cabinet.

This survey has brought together the largest number of American educators that ever collaborated on a single educational problem. Over twelve hundred people had a part in building a single score card. Educational experts, architects, musicians, dramatic critics, Biblical scholars, denominational and interdenominational specialists have been organized into working units for a really sufficient judgment of the facts which we find in the home, the church and the community.

The records Of pupils are studied to discover the number receiving no religious instruction, their training and age. We want to know the relation of public school attendance to church school 11 ttendance, the number of hours spent in public school in a year as compared with the number of hours given to religious training.

<tm4e tfl.bles will show the 4istriblltion pf st1l4ents ~HI ther go

AMERICAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION SURVEY

through. school, and progress H9URS OF RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION tables will show why thousands PROvtOEO A~~LY· of pupils drop out of Sundayschools and public schools at BY PROTESTANT. JEWISH AND seven, eight, nine and ten years CATHOLIC CHURCHES of age.

The Religious Education survey will inclu4e bnildings and equipment, individual accounting, curricula, teachers' and officers' _ JEWISH superVISIOn, finance, religious 'ft~EKDAY SCHOOLS education in the home and relig- 260 HOURS ious education in the community. "If' -0£ ".nSTAI., ~CN IIlIST mfllEILME It will cover the field of vacation • FOR .ElImous IISTRucnaN and week day schools of religion, teacher training, young people '8 societies, community music, art STARTI,ING FACTS AS RI;;Y:F;AI,:F;D BY THE and pageantry. The survey will SURV:F;Y also include a study of special groups and special fields.

A few of the questions which the survey will answer are: How does the educational program of the Protestant churches compare with that of Catholic or Jewish churches? What is the preparation of the average Sunday-school teacher? What is his or her age and influence on the class? How many pupils join the church arinually? What is the average age of conversion? Are the Sunday-schools really giving their pupils Biblical information?

How far does this information influence conduct? Is church-going the result of physical habit, or has it been raised to the level of an ideal?

Through hundreds of questions of this nature, which we shall ask hundreds of thousands of churches and schools~ we hope to a'rrive at a system of education which will offer to every American child the possibility of the religious heritage of the race. This should enable us to spiritualize our national ideals and to preserve our democratic institutions. Now, if the Church waits until American boys and girls have finished high school before they undertake to Christianize them, the Church will fail, because the conduct of American people will be determined on the basis of the common knowledge, and ideals that are given to the children during these formative periods. Unless the Church supplies a Christian interpretation of these facts and ideals, the citizens of the future will not determine their conduct according to Christian ideals.

Education in

BY THE REV. JAMES E. CLARK I F THE Church of Christ is even to begin to do the things which ought to be done in the woTld we must have an adequate force . of men and women as Christian workers. Consequently, the educational survey is not a non-essential and extraneous thing. It is a necessary part of the program of the Church.

One of the essential things is to find out the resources of the Church in men and women; to discover what institutions we have for training these men and women; and whether or not those institutions are sufficient in number and adequately equipped.

The American Education Survey covers four sections. The first deals with the church colleges; the second with public institutions, that is, the state univeTsities, special schools, technical schools, normal schools, etc.; third, with the secondary schools; and the fourth with the theological seminaries.

While the Educational Survey is by no means complete there are certain outstanding facts w mcll are borne out by the results of the survey so far as it has been conducted.

The first is that about 90% of all the ministers and missionaries of the Ohristian churches come from our church schools and colleges. About 70% of them decide upon their life work while in the preparatory schools under the influence of the churches.

The temptations in this land are so powerful that unless we surround the boys and girls preparing for their life wO'rk with all of the finest Christian influences and ideals there is grave danger that few of them will go into Christian service. If we a're to have men and women for the conquest of the world for Jesus Christ we must not only maintain, but we must increase the number of Christian institutions, and must enlarge their facilities.

Second, we need numerous colleges, conveniently located, and of high standards. If you study the answers to questions asked as to why the students attended certain colleges, you will discover that the reason given above all others is that the college was "near home." The next reason given is that the college selected had high educational standards. The churches must provide a sufficient number of conveniently located institutions with standards as high as any othe1rs in the land if we are to win and hold and train our young people for the service of Jesus Christ.

We need also to bear in mind that endowments must increase two or three times as rapidly as the number of students attending college increases, because a college student pays approximately 1. only one-third of the cost of his education. Consequently, every time you get a new student you RELIGIOUS DISTRIBUTION OF CHILDREN have to provide two-thirds of the cost of his training to the insti- UNDER 25 YEARS Of AGE I.JN THE UNITED STATES tution in some other way.

Another fact we have to face is the enormous increase in the number of students attending state universities. Just a concrete illustration-75% of the students of the Disciples connection attend State universities and 10% attend church colleges. Out of the 10% attending church colleges come THE AMERICA OF TOMORROW 80% of the ministers of that JEW OR GENTILE? CATHOLIC OR PROTESTANT't denomination. What is to be ATHEISTIC OR ",,,.,OU", done about the 75% in the state lII>":t'~~MIM OTHJ!;R FACTS SHOWN BY THI;; SURVEYS institutions' If we are not to leave them absolutely neglected from a religious point of view a part of the task of the Church is to bring to bear upon them the influences which will turn them toward the devotion of life to Christian. ideals.

Now, in preparing our tentative budget we have not taken the askings of the colleges as they come but representatives of Church Boards, in the Council of Church Boards of Education, have decided upon a norm by which they can test the askings of the colleges. That norm is the minimum of the efficient college, ,according to a plan adopted two or three years ago by the Asso- ciation of American Colleges. Take as an illustration a Presby- terian college which asked for $1,320,000. We reduced the askings to $788,000 to fit what we believed to be the actual present needs of the case.

There is one thing that the Church must learn, and that is that the central factor in all education is the education of the will; that the thing we are after is first of all to develop a Chris- tian life. We must do something more than give mere knowledge and skill; we must bring men up to the point where they are ready to take all they have and devote it absolutely to the building of the Kingdom of Jesus Christ. The outstanding demand of the new day is for men and women with the devotion of high culture added to the things for which our Master came into the world and gave His life. We do not want training for our men and wQmen which is merely a training of the head or the hands, and which leaves the heart untouched-not the kind of education which under- takes m~rely the development of knowledge and skill and efficiency.

If we are to get heroic men, we must give them not only sound bodies, not only trained minds, but we must develop spirits which are devoted to the purpose of Jesus Christ.

Ministerial

BY DR. JOSEPH B. HINGELEY, NEW YORK Secretary of the Board of Conference Claimants of the Y. E. Church MINISTERIAL SALARIES T HE AVERAGE lavrnen is paying for the support of PER CAPITA GIVING the ministers less than a cent a week in excess of what his INCREASED WAGES father paid. In its final form this survey will show the size of the Ail» LIVING EXPENSES budget which will be required to meet the reasonable claims for the …. . . % … 1017 "19IS- 1919 adequate support of retired min- isters, widows and orphans. No I cause makes a stronger appeal to the laity. The remarkable increase V in the sum given for this purpose by the Protestant Episcopal '0 / Church, which organized for $5,~ 000,000 for the Church Pension , II Fund, and received in excess of $8,000,000; and the equally re- 6. markable advance made in the Methodist Episcopal Church, by Ii '7 which the amount of the annual distribution was increased from it $610,000 in 1908 to $1,397,000 in 1918, were due in the largest JW measure to the securing of exact information upon which the pro- 40 gram for the campaign was based.

30 [71 .P It is the intention of the Minis- terial Support and Relief Divi- I); ~~ VI ~ sion to place before the American public an exact statement of the : aI e— present provisions and of the 3i amount required to enable the ~'!l..~.S~ ~_~r.!!~ _._.00. Christian Church to fulfill its 10 [7/[7 ~~.~t~!~[~ sacred obligations to retired min- isters. <~ k – ~ mlsteml~SUPPor1 Already the survey has brought / a number of startling facts to light which bear on this matter of ministerial support.

Hospitals and

BY REV. FRANK C. ENGLISH, CLEVELAND, OHIO President of the American Protestant Hospital Association C HRISTIAN hospitals, homes for children, homes for the aged, and homes for retired ministers present a largely neglected field. No denomination has a National board of hospitals and homes. Few of these institutions have been named in the list of church institutions. Months of researeh are required to make such a list. No great national campaign has ever been put on by any church for hospitals and homes.

The first objective of the Hospitals and Homes Division of the Interchurch Survey Department is to compile a complete list of these institutions; and the second objective is to discover and tabulate their needs. Questionnaires are being sent by mail, and these are fol- lowed by trained men who make personal inspection and tabulate the needs. A consulting committee of institutional experts from var- ious denominations assists in making estimates of needs, and will make recommendations looking to a higher degree of efficiency and usefulness in these institutions.

The third objective is to go over the askingsand estimate the needs for the Interchurch financial campaign. There are possibly fifteen hundred Protestant church hospitals in the United· States, yet it is estimated that for lack of room they turn away from four to five thousand suffering sick daily. One hospital with one hun- dred beds reports that it is obliged to refuse on an average seven- teen applicants each day.

One home in the central West had five hundred destitute chil- dren knocking at its door last year. Only to forty-five could the door be opened. That means that the Church refused a home to four hundred and fifty-five orphans in this one district.

Although a few hundred dollars a year would provide an aged minister with a living, many go down to their last days without a home. Homes for retired missionaries, and for the children of mis- sionaries, are another great need. Such institutions as we .now have are strained to their utmost, and their needs cry out for en- larged buildings, for multiplied resources to care for the crO'wds whom they must turn away. .

It is estimated that the Protestant chutch hospitals last year .

gave away ten million dollars in services to needy patients. Through the Interchurch World Movement the evangelical churches of Amer- ica will know for the first time, not only the extent of work done by these institutions, but also the extent of their needs. Then by adequate estimates and askings, provision can be made through the financial campaign for their upkeep and necessary enlargement.

201 BY WILLIAM E. DOUGHTY, NEW YORK Director of the Spiritual Resources Department of the International World Movement T HE INTERCHURCH WorId Movement was born out of a great spiritual crisis. From the beginning there has been an unshaken conviction on the part of the leaders that the Movement was of God, a conviction that has deepened and has come to be shared by increasing numbers of people. Dr. Hubert C. Herring said at one of the general committee meetings: "He're on the hither side of these years of agony Christ stands with us and bids us go forward to a new and greater thing." It was inevitable therefore that plans should be made for undergirding the Movement with spiritual motives and power. The Movement cannot succeed without prayer. It cannot go forward without the presence and power of God. An obedient and willing Church learning the secrets of prayer and mastered by an unshaken faith will bring success.

The Spiritual Resources Department was organized to give direction to these phases of the campaign, but with the understanding that since the Movement as a whole is spiritual this emphasis is to permeate all departments and activities. Every officer and wO'rker on the staff is expected to be an interpreter and incarnation of the spiritual message. Some of the objectives of the department are: To emphasize the fact that the Interchurch World Movement as a whole is essentially spiritual.

To lift into prominence, in all the policies and activities of the Movement, the spiritual motives and power for which it stands.

To assist in winning men to Christ and His Church. To undergird the Movement with prayer. To cooperate with Forward Movements within the different communions in deepening the spiritual life of the churches. To discover, create and circulate literature on prayer and other devotional topics. To enlist a multitude of individual Christians to pray daily for the triumph of the Kingdom of God. To assist in coordinating appeals and programs for prayer in relation to special movements, seasons and events.

PUNS FOR RELEASING PRAYER POWER 1. Spiritual emphasis. ..A field campaign of great magnitude and scope is being carried through this season. Plans have been laid for the largest possible spiritual emphasis. Careful attention – is being given to preparation for the devotional periods. Time is set aside for intercession. There will be addresses on prayeT and kindred themes and much discussion of the principles upon which the release of power depends and of methods of deepening the spiritual life of the churches. The following is the devotional outline used at the beginning of the first series of state conf~rences.

THE ABIDING PRli;SENCE Jesus Himself drew near and went with them. Luke 24 :15. If Thy presence ~o not with me, carry us not up hence. Exodus 33 :15.

Only be strong and very courageous, to observe to do according to all the law * * * turn not from it to the right hand or to the left, that thou mayest have good success whithersoever thou goeit. For Jehovah They God is with thee. Joshua 1: 7, 9.

Who bhraosutghthtotuheheerhei?the*r? And what doest thou in this place? what And they said. unto him, Ask * * And council, we pray thee, of God, that we may know whether our way which we go shall be prosperous. And the priest said unto them, "Go in Peace; before Jehovah is your way wherein ye go." Judges 18: 3, 5,6, .

Let us pray: That the spirit of God may pervade all the seS- sions of the conference, and that He may have unhindered access to every life.

That all who are in attendance may face the issues of the conference with unshrinking courage, true faith, and unwitholding obedience to the will of God.

A PRAY!tR OF CONSECRA'tION "Eternal, Holy, Almighty God, whose name is Love; we are met in solemn company to seek Thy face, and in spirit and truth to worship Thy name. We come in deep humility, since Thou art so high and exalted, and because Thou beholdest the proud afar off. We come in tender penitence, for the contrite heart is Thy only dwelling. We come in the name and spirit of Jesus to make our wills one with Thine: to abandon our lonely and selfish walk for solemn communion with Thee, to put an end to sin by welcoming to our hearts Thy Holy Presence …. Amen.

2. The enrolment of intercessors. (1) A confidential list of persons specially interested in the Movement is being built up. To this group of friends special requests for prayer are being sent as needs and emergencies arise. This is one of the means by which the hidden resources of power are being released.

(2) Plans are under way to enroll and train multitudes of intercessors in individual churches. Many of the forward movements in the different communions have departments or secretaries set aside for the cultivation of the spiritual life of the churches.

3. Building the home altars. New emphasis and trignifioonce is being given to the place and power of family worship as one

of the great means of the religious education of the family. Literature on the subject and helps for family worship are being prepared and issued. The enthronement of Ch>rist in the home life of America presents a challenging call to all the fonowers of Christ.

4. Special prayer seasons. Programs for Watch Night and Week of Prayer have been given special attention. _Advantage has also been taken of certain other dates for prayer, such as the United Day of Prayer of the Women's Home and Foreign Missionary Societies February 20th, and the Day of Prayer for Students, February 29th, when the plans were carried through designed to help release the prayer powe'r of the Church in connection with the call for workers and the life work program.

5. The financial campaign. Plans are under way to call out the prayer power of the churches in connection with the financial campaign. Organized and underwritten by spiritual motives and power a financial campaign has wonderful possibilities of spiritual blessing to the Church.

6. Publicity. 'rhrough the Publicity Department a Thanksgiving Prayer was published in five hundred papers in the United States alone, and a Watch Night Prayer was circulated around the world. Other materials of this character will be sent to the public press on special occasions. Articles on the spiritual message of the Movement will also be circulated through the press.

7. Literature. Pamphlets and books on prayer and kindred subjects are being published in large quantities and will be circulated widely. Charts and mottoes will set forth the spiritual message, and a stereopticon lecture on the prayer life of the world is being prepared for the use of' pastors.

8. Evangelistic Campaign. The evangelistic campaign now in progress will culminate in a great spiritual ingathering in the churches on Easter Sunday. The forward movements of the different cOIIIDlunions, the evangelistic commissions of the churches and of the Federal Council and other agencies are cooperating to cany the message of the Christian faith to all in the United States for whom the evangelical churches are spiritually responsible.

There never has been a genuine spiritual movement without much prayer, and every possible effort is being made to lay with fresh power the burden of responsibility for intercession for a revival and fo'r the building up of the Kingdom of Christ upon the whole Church, The're is earnest hope that Easter Sunday of 1920 will witness the greatest ingathering into the churches which the country has ever seen.

"There can be no forward movement except as it is attained through a deepening of the spiritual life of the leaders of the Church and a real spiritual revival among the membeTs."

and Training

BY DAVID McCONAUGHY, NEW YORK Secretary of the Stewardship Department, New Era Movement O UR LORD'S teachings concerning stewardship-like Himself -4ave too often been despised and rejected of men. He came into a social order where the rich ground the face of the poor, where the strong oppressed the weak, where the philosophy prevailed that might makes right.

Fearlessly J esUls took His stand against the leaders of this world, daring to declare the unheard of doctrine of stewardship- That life does not consist of "things" and is not to be assayed according to the amount of a man's possessions.

That the Father in Heaven knows what things His children need and if they cooperate with Him He will supply every legitimate want, so that they need have no anxiety.

That "things," whether in the earth and its products or made fluid in money, are of value only as they are related to God's Kingdom of Righteous- ness, Peace and Joy among men.

That the Son of God is the Author and, hence, the Owner of all-both things and men.

That He takes men into partnership with Himself for the administering of His vast estate-the earth with all that it contains-in the interest of the whole human family.

That, in His own personal absence for the time, our Lord makes each individual the Middle Partner-a steward of the First Partner's part in the interest of the Third Partner-Humanity. ..

That, having the food and other supplies necessary for their best service, men should be content and should use their possessions for the good of others.

That, of the three compartments of income, Giving should be put "first,"

and should regulate Spending and Saving, and also one's acquiring.

That, only as a man learns to give, can he become like God.

That wealth, if made an end instead of a means of benefiting others, will become a source of corruption; if its debt to Society be not honored, it will be collected sooner or later at ruinous interest.

As our MasteT thus ran counter ·to the wisdom of this world, even the religious leaders of His day, "who were lovers of money, heard all these thing1S, and they scoffed at him." (Luke 16 :14.) The followers of Christ at first adopted His attitude toward property, and went to the utmost limit in applying His teaching. They even sold their possessions and goods and divided them among their fellow disciple.s "according as any man had need." They renounced the luxurious standards. of the pagan world, and lived the simple life in a way which distinguished them as a "peculiar people." The "Dark Ages" for the time obscured the teachings or Jesus, and it was not until the sixteenth century that the doctrine of J'ustification by Faith was recove'l'ed and not until th~ sevellteel1th was Sanctification through the Spirit again taught, ~s

But for the doctrine of Stewardship to be emphasized, the world has waited until the present time when the nations have been wracked by war and shaken to the very foundations. Now at last the Church has begun to awakne to its neglect of Christ's teachings concerning stewardship.

In the Autumn of 1917 a letter was issued by the Commttee for the Eevrey Member Plan of the Presbyterian Church in U. S. A. announcing in Presbyterian Churches-as indeed in some other universal in Presbyterian Churches-as indeed in some other branches of the Protestant Churches of North America-henceforth the Committee proposed to emphasize proportionate giving. Pastors were, therefore, requested to pl'omote the study of stewardship, as well as to preach on the subject, but it was discovered that there was, no adequate literature on stewardship.

In response to the demand for a text book one was prepared called "Money The Acid Test." The need was so great that 82,000 copies were distributed the first year, and the book was translated into seve'ral other languages. Other booms have also appeared, including a handbook entitled "The New Christian," by Ralph S. Cushman. Other material since made available includes a series of thirteen Bible lessons, entile.d "Christian Stewardship," four "Seven Minute Talks," covering Earning, Spending, Saving and Giving, and "Responsive Reading," containing hymns and Scripture passages suitable for Sunday-school or church services. A dialogue, called" Starting Right," presents the subject in a way to arrest the attention of young people. A set of seven Charts has also been prepared to visualize the high spots of this course of study. A" Stewardship Account Book," contains two forms for the use of those who wish to keep account with God in the matter of their giving.

The Giving Account DATU ITEMS SIIPARATED PORTION TO Glva GIVIIN – – .PORTION % Comparative Summary 1l0ln'll 011 YI!AI RECEIVED GIVEN % PERSONAl. % SUl!D '"

..

–

ENLISTING AND TRAINING

The next step after conviction has been obtained as to the Scriptural principles of stewardship is to secure action in the practical application of these principles. More thane one of the great denominations have appointed a church-wide "Stewarship Enrolment Day" using some form like the following: THE FELLOWSHIN OF STEWARDSHIP Principles 1. God is the owner of all. 2. Man is a steward and must account for all that he has. 3. God's ownership and man's stewardship are to be acknowl- – edged by devoting a definite proportion "-the first fruits- unto the service of God. 4. All the rest-what is spent and whit is saved-is to be treated as no less a sacred trust.

Enrolment Card Name I adopt these principles and will Address …………. '" ……….. . Date ………………………… . set apart a definite proportion ( …. %) of my income to administer for the Kingdom of God.

Many congregations have led the way, showing splendid results of a spiritual as well as of financial nature. The Woodward Avenue Church in Detroit held a Stewardship Institute, with a stereopticon travel lecture in connection with the presentation of Stewardship. The officers of the church were asked to sign the "Fellowship of Stewardship," before the matter was presented to the congregation. The Sunday-school is also being educated along stewardship lines.

A church of Grove City, Pennsylvania, has carried on simultaneously seven classes in stewardship, one for men, one in the Young People's Society, one for girls in the Westminster Guild and four in the Women's Missionary Society. On a recent Sunday the Men.'s class had sixty men studying the subject with keen interest. The class is led by business men, a different one each week. In this church, about 300 people have already become proportionate givers.

Today on the shores of every continent are rising the walls of a Christian world empire-a fragment, yet a model complete in itself of that great city, the Holy Jerursalem, which descends out of Heaven from God and where the nations of the Redeemed walk in the light of His glory. It must be the concern of all who bnild therein to lay deep and strong the foundations on which this vision of faith and hope can securely rest. Into those foundations mUlst go the solid work of education in the principles of the Word of God, including those of Christian Stewardship.

'fhe Stewardship of

BY J. LOVELL MURRAY, NEW YORK Educational Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement STEWARDSHIP in religious parlance is usually applied to the trusteeship of wealth. A convincing case has been made by argument and from Scripture authority for the Christian con- ception of p'roperty, its ownership and its uses. But the term in generic. The strongest plea that can be made for a sense of the stewardship of money is on the larger basis of the stewardship of life. The whole is greater than its part. Our money is just so much of our life-a mobile, concrete, representative, readily trans- ferable part of our life. The set of the life determines the direction of its elements. Out of the heart are the issues of money and of all else. Where our treasure is there will our hearts be also; but the corollary is equally true,-where our hearts are there will our treasure go.

A hyphenated Christian is an abomination to the Lord. Divided allegiance is not provided for in His terms of discipleship. He asks us for the whole of life, even as He is giving to us His life without rpserve. "We are the Lord's," cried the great apostle, "whether we live or die." In those earliest years of the Church's effort and experience, with no momentum behind them, with resistance every- where stiffening a,gainst them, a religion that was real and that absorbed life in its enti'rety was necessary to the followers of Christianity. The Christian who tried to give part and keep part could not be a winning Christian. The tests·were terrifically severe and only the response of fully devoted lives could meet them.

Today likewise test~ the reality of OUT religion. The demands of the present are of a sort that will not be met by a partial devotion to Chr:iJstianity. How is the world to be led into a peace- ful and ordered life! Row are its wounds to be healed and its ways established in justice and righteousness and goodwill' And how is protection to be given to the recent investments of OUT living and of our dead ? Not by half Christians. Not by men and women who concede to their Lord a scant one…seventh of their time and one-tenth of their Income, fragments of their influence B;pd odd uses of their energy. "He must be L;ord of all, or He will not be Lord at all." Today, if ever, Christians must severely examine their discipleship to make very sure that they are not keeping back part of the price. "We,are the Lord's," or else we are not.

Il we are, we are bound to reckon our life, the whole of our life, as held in trusteeship. .

Particularly is this true in rega'rd to the specific use each follower of Christianity makes of his life. The world is calling alou$l for young men and women who will say, "Here Lord, is my life. I have laid it at Thy feet and at Thy word I invest it for Thee alone. I hav-e thrown away the little plan I had made fOT it; I have renounced selfish ambition as a guiding principle. Here it is, my one life, now Thine, entirely Thine. Lay on it the pierced hands of Thy mighty ordination and show me in what work I should use it and in what-place."

Only by lives thus surrendered can God reach out to touch (he broken, disheartened life of humanity and lift it into that Kingdom of His which is Tighteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit. For the hands He would stretch out, what are they but the lives of men and women in all locations and vocations, whose discipleship is unbroken, undivided, and in particular the lives of servants of His who enter upon specialized careers of Christian usefulness to humanity? He needs great Teinforcements at once in the rankis of ministers, Christian Association Secretaries, social service workers and many allied callings, both at home and overseas.

A generation ago when the Student Volunteer Movement was born, the challenge of carrying the message of Christianity immediately to the whole of mankind was given to the Church. But the Church was not ·ready. Today, however, the Watchword of the Movement h8is been generally accepted in principle and in fact too, for the churches are girding themselves for a great advance abroad as well as at home. Forward programs are the order of the day. Unbelievable· sums of money are actually being gathered in for the expansion of the Kingdom of Christ. But the lives, the men and women from the colleges, universities and seminaries, will they be offered? The gauntlet is back at the feet of the Christian students of North AmeTica.

Now God is not so absorbed in the making of half a hinge that He neglects the other half. If He has prepared the field, will He not prepare the force to occupy itT He has opened the doors to the very heart of the non-Chr]stian nations of the world and brought mighty peoples simultaneously to a point of highly impressionable plasticity. Must it not be within His intention that a sufficient number of well qualified students to meet the opportunity shoul.d now enlist for His service ovenseas, complete their preparation and then hurry out to their assigned posts of service T "Go ye," He is saying now as always in His Church. "Go you," He is saying to one student and another and another, a great multitude of the finest of the college men and women of today. He wants the lives of doctors, nurses, ministers, teachers, farmers, printers, engineers, authors. He wants them by the thousands and He wants them at once. The churches are now voicing His call for two thousand workers for the mission fields.

"Go you and I will be with you." There is this wonderful thought in His summons, that only as one responds to it is one most sure and conscious of His presence. Here is a keen Christian medical student. He may not know it, but for centuries God has been prepa:ring for him a (special place of work in India and also an inheritance to qualify him for it. He has singled him out for college and then led him into the study of medicine. And now he has come to the point of deciding on the use he will make of his life. "The Master has need of it"-in India. If that is true, then in a special sense Christ is waiting for him in India and only in India can he fully find his Lord. The same ~s true, of course, of every Christian. There is a plan, including a place, for every life and in that pIan and place each one of us may experience a special fellowship with our Lord.

It is not alone for the men and women of the colleges and theological seminaries that the consciousness of life stewardship is so urgently necessary if the nations a:re to be redeemed by Christ. This ideal should be pressed upon the thought of boys and girls of hi.gh school age, not only because most students enter college with a fairly well determined notion of what they will do with their lives, but because many of these boys and girls who otherwise would not go to college will, if they hear and answer some great call to life service, decide to enter college in. order to prepare for it. It should be sounded out from pulpits in Iseason and out of season as the one basis of Christian discipleship. And, most important of all, it should be accepted everywhere by Christian parents. There is no obstacle more prevalent or serious in the way of devoted, talented young men and women offering their lives for foreign service than the unwillingness of many Christian parents to let their children go. Money they will give; but when the question is raised of a son or daughter going abroad to serve, then the grasp tightens, the heart hardens and the objection is rigidly set down. Today, quite as much as a sense of the stewardship of thei'r own lives on the part of young manhood and womanhood, there is needed a sense of the stewa:rdship of their children's lives on the part of Christian parents. They did not clo!se restraining hands in these past years on the lives of their sons when humanity's call came to their homes. Now, when the louder call of humanity is sounding and the voice of the King Himself is heard at their thresholds, surely they will say no word that will restrain such a response on the part of their sons and daughters in the colleges as will crowd the ranks of the Missionary Legion of the Christian Church.

So it must be in the whole sweep of Christian endeavor at home and abroad. The day is one of destiny and in every summons to Christian service there sounds a new note of urgency.

for Enlisting Life

J.. CAMPBELL WHITE. LL. D.• NEW YORK.

Director of the Life Service Department of the Interchurch World Movement M OST OF us are persuaded that the central and probably largest problem we have to face in the enlarging program of the Church is the question of an adequate supply of the right kind of leaders, properly prepared for theiT work. One of our home missionary secretaries said recently that the only reason why their estimates for funds are not much larger is not because the funds asked for are commensurate with the needs, but because the estimate has been made in the light of the known difficulty of securing adequate leadership.

The Methodist Episcopal Church estimates that they require 13,000 employed leaders within five years to carry out their program. If something like that is spread over all Protestant churches in the United States, it will mean at least 100,000 new Christian leaders in a similar period. And that does not take into account the fact that the program of our churches is rapidly being enlarged in its scope, taking in features of work that we have not included in the past. The recreational life of the youth should be taken hold of by representatives of the Church through trained Christian physical directors. There comes an insistent appeal for such directors from the mission fields as well from America. All of us who have had anything to do with college life know that the most influential man on the college campus is the coach. If the recreational and physical life of America and the mission fields were under the direction of men and women trained by the Church and inspired by Jesus Christ, it probably would be our largest point of contact with the youth of the world. – So the call for tTained leadership in every branch of the Church, at home and abroad, is upon us as never before.

How are we going to meet that need 1 Three lines of special cultivation are suggested. We expect to meet the minislters in a series of state conventions. We propose to ask all of them to make a careful search among their own graduates of recent years to see whether in these churches now there are not many men and women who have their collegiate preparation, and who with perhaps a further year of Bible study would be prepared to go into many of these lines of w~rk.

At the gTeat Student Volunteer Convention in Des Moines I met 191 men and women who have already pledged anywhere from a week to two months of cooperation in following that convention up by making the fundamental religious and life work appeal to stu- 211

dents allover the country. They are only a part of those who have promised such cooperation. We want to present the message of Christ to the student body of North America during the next few months, and to lay upon the whole student body their responsibility for constructive work in connection with the Church. This is the greatest opportunity of unselfish service that can possibly come to them through all their life, and a far larger proportion of them than in past years ought to give their whole lives to the callings now opening before them. In addition to sending in teams of from three to five persons to each college, we want a group of the alumni of each institution to help in the campaign.

Since the age of filrst impulse toward giving life to Christian service is not the college age, but the pre-college age and the greatest undeveloped territory in recruiting work is in these earlier ages, we propose to have in connection with 3,000 county conventions across this continent special meetings for young people of the high school age, involving all the young people's organizations of the clmrch and Sunday-school, gathering together all the young people of that age that it is possible to gather. We shall confront them with a presentation of the claims of Christ upon their lives, and the multiform opportunities now open for young people to p'repare for Christian work. We shall put in their minds the seed thought of the possibility of God wanting them to be in this great nrmy that is to help forward the victo'ry during these coming years.

Then, we plan to have one great field day on which we may concentrate in this appeal both to the parents and the young people. February 29 has been designated as a nation-wide life enlistment day. This date comes on the Lord's day only once in forty years so that it seems a very app'ropriate day on which to make this life enlistment appeal. That will be a great day for an appeal to parents to take their restraining hands off their children, so as not to hinder their going into any life work wheTe God is calling them. Parents must come into a new attitude of consecration to Christ and of surrender of their children.

On the evening of February 29th, we hope that in Young People's Societies, Sunday-schools and everywhere.the're will be an appeal to young life itself to find God's plan and to confoTm to that plan. "We aTe God's workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good wO'rks which God has already pTepared that we should walk in them." If the young people of the Church and their parents can be brought to believe that God has a plan for their lives and then will surrender to God's will, and earnestly seek to know His plan for them, both pa:rents and 'children will be led to spiritual levels of vision and surrender and consecration to which most of them have not come.

of Denominational

BY MISS ELSIE McCORMICK C OOPERATIVE evangelization and social service for peoples of every race has been made easier by several remarkable undertakings of single denominations. The Methodist Epis- copal Joint Centenary Movement, the. Tercentenary Movement of the Congregational Church, the Men and Millions Movement of the Disciples of Christ, the New Era Movement of the Presbyterian Church, the Victory Campaign of the Northern Baptists, and other similar f<Yrward movements are full of wonderful vision, hope, and achievement, and give encouragement to such a cooperative un- dertaking as that of the Interchurch World Movement.

The first of the great denominational movements in point of time sems to be that of the Disciples of Christ. A missionary in China was slowly recovering from typhoid fever. The long, weary weeks of convalescence gave him much time to think, and his thoughts in that yeaJr of 1912 were not very soothing companions. He saw, on one hand, a small group of evangelists, and on the other a long, dim, interminable file of suffering, needy people. It was a time when there was a shortage of men and money, so that retrenchment seemed wiser than expansion. When this missionary suggested $200,000 to be raised at once for increasing the work in China some of his fellow laborers thought he must still be delirious, but !liS a result of his prayers and efforts the Seeretary of the Board of Foreign Missions became interested and a movement was started which aroused the Church at home and extended to the whole mission field. A million dollars was raised by a team of missionaries who toured the United Statels. This success encouraged the laying out of the five-year program of the "Men and Millions Movement," with a financial goal of $6,300,000, more than half of which was to go to Christian colleges for the training of religious leaders.

Among the results of the drive were the lifting of the debt wbich burdened the Foreign Christian Missionary Society; the opening of new work in Paraguay on a scale large enough to command instant respect and pTompt results; the building of many new hospitals, with improved equipment for others; the raising of the debt on the denomination's colleges; a large increase in the number of scholarships, an addition of at least $100 a family to the missionaries' salaries on all fields; an in~re8ise in the monthly payments to ministers on pension, and a tendency to give larger sums t.o benevolences than ever before.

Movements of world scope have sprung up spontaneously in many other denominations. A few year>s ago the National Council IU

of the Congregational Ohurches decided to celebrate in a fitting way the three hundredth anniversary of the landing of the Pilgrims. Through this resolution the Tercentenary Movement was born, stressing as its objects the revival of the Pilgrim ideals in church and state, the gaining of 500,000 new members in a five-year period, the reaching of a $2,000,000 apportionment goal each year, and the raising of a Pilgrim Memorial Fund of $5,000,000 for pensioning aged ministers. Already among the results of the Movement, Dr. F. G. Fagley reports that 656 churches received a total of 11,317 new memberls last Easter Sunday, in compa!rison with 9,679 received in the whole proceeding year.

No movement has had greater success from a financial standpoint than the Joint Oentenary of the Methodist Episcopal Ohurch and the MethodiJst Episcopal Ohurch, South. The original financial goal of the two bodies was $115,000,000, to be paid in five yearsa figure that was thought almost revolutionary in the circles of church finance. Later, the northern Methodists added $25,000,000 for war reconstruction, making the total $140,000,000. Last summer the Oentenary Movement had received pledgelS amounting to $167,- 000,000, and since then furtheT pledges have been added. Furthermore, approximately 600,000 people were enrolled in a great Fellowship of Intercession, 26,000 young men and women volunteered for Christian service in home and foreign fields, and 250,000 tithers pleged to give one tenth of their income to Ohristian work.

The Northern Baptist Victory Campaign was conducted entirely by laymen. Having its origin in an informal meeting of five church members, it iSoon grew to such proportions that its $6,000,000 goal was assured. It brought student pastors into nineteen universities, obtained $3,000,000 for educational endowment, helped the denomination secure a ten per cent. increase in the number of new members, and prodded no end of somnolent churches into action.

The New Era Movement. of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. announced a $13,028,339 budget for lalst year, and is credited with the enrolment of twice as many new members last Easter as were received the previous year. About $11,000,000 has been pledged as a result of this campaign for benevolences "for one yea'I'.

The methods, employed by the large church movements are in moet instanoos similar and include Fellowships of Intercession, Departments of Life Service, and the use of Minute Men-laymen who explain the Movement by very brief addresses at chu'I'ch services. The Methodist Episcopal Ohurch stressed stewl1rdship to the extent of devoting four weeks in every church to enroll tithers.

With its path blazed and made clear by these many forerunners, and with men's minds prepared for the vision of the new daj, tHe Interchurch W orId Movement is entering npon its task with great hope of success.

mTEftARY.MOVfHfIII

MfTIIODISTfI'ISCOMlOlllOt ~sofAmounts Rcceivcd Fir*' The Methodist Centenary rNe~onthsAfterCioseof Campai;t I £,cAHoruonkiliMApnunls BY DR. S. EARL TAYLOR, NEW YORK OntHuntlrttlTAousamlAlltrst:.lt T IS DIFFICULT to express the feeling •• -…. of relief and gratitude that accompanies the discovery that after years of forced economy in missionary work, there is actually a large amount of money in the Mission Board ","000.000 treasury with which we can carry on the King's business on a more adequ:ate seale.

In the Methodist Mission, Chaplain McCabe, some years ago, launched a campaign with the slogan" A million dollars for Missions": after ten long years of labor, the Methodist Church increased its givings from $826,000 to $1,- 262,000 for foreign missions and there was . . . . .000 rejoicing all along the line.

Next came another great epoch when the "Open Door Emergency Fund" was created.

-…. There was a time when the great rich Metho- dist Episcopal Church retreated in every mis- sion field in the world-8% one year and 2% on top of that the next year. At that point it was thought best to appoint an Open Door Emergency Commission and to do something to stop the retreat. In the five years that followed the gifts to foreign missions increased to over two million dollars. That marked the — second great epoch. Then came the third epoch; that of the Lay- men's Missionary Movement, and in four years' time the gifts increased still further from $1,300,000 to $1,500,000.. But the glow 4*».- of satisfaction came in the recent Centenary Campaign when in about four months after we had completed the Campaign, we had in the treasury cash-not pledges-cash amounting to over $10,000,000 for missionary work.

Let us hope that all the Boards will have some time soon a similar experience; and let us be ready to move out to do what God is calling us to do-to undertake on a more ade- ~…… quate scale the great task to which His Ohurch …, …… nm ….. r •• is committed.

from Denominational

T HE denominational Forward Movements have, among other things, aimed to set a new standard of giving before Ameri- can Christians. The Interchurch World Movement of North America would combine and iucrease the effectiveness of these movements and would imprint the new standard indelibly on the soul 'Of the American churches.

.Just how revolutionary the creation of the Hew standard is 'Can only be realized by a survey of the surprising results of certain Forward Movements. When the average giving per member to benevolence~ is suddenly raised from eighty-nine cents to a pledge 'Of $6.18 a year, it is obvious that something more than a mere improvement in conditions has taken place. It is a change of kind and mot of degree. Dr. William B. Hollingshead, the statistician of the Interchurch Movement, recently characterized the contrast between the new standard of giving and the old in this striking manner: "Formerly 'We asked for what we thought the. Church would or could give, based on what the Church had given.

"Now, for the first time in our history, we ask on the basis of what the WM'ld needs.

"This is the most complete change in the attitude toward benevolences the church world has ever known. All former standards of giving are going to smash."

The setting up of the new standard has meant largely bringing the giving of the Church up to a level with the nation's prosperity.

Ministerial support practically stood still for many years and contributions to benevolences in the Methodist Episcopal Church shOlWed only small changes until the Centenary Movement came and then the contributions to benevolences suddenly shot upward to about seven times what it had been before. Another point-before the Methodist Centenary almost the whole bulk of the Church was giving less than three cents a week to benevolences. The Centenary Campaign raised the whole M.ethodist Church bodily from the lowest class to those with an average giving per member of two cents a day.

Those close to the Methodist Centenary declare that the spiritual life of the Church was raised to a new and higher plane, even to greater degree than in the matter of giving. The spiritual results are slower in revealing themselves in statistics, but they are deeper and more fundamental than other results. The close relation between the spiritual and the financial should be kept in mind. No man will give largely of his money to the cause, or promise to tithe his possessions for the Lord, unless his soul has been moved most mightily. A campaign for money without the proper emphasis on the things of the spirit would be a failure.

216 One Methodist Episcopal minister testified that his church started out with only one tither; and in the Centenary Campaign secured sixty-four out of a total membership of eighty-nine. What the churches have needed is a job big enough to make them sweat out the germs of partial paralysis, and, like the man sick of the palsy, take up their beds and walk.

A still more remarkable example is that of a church that for years had labored to meet current expenses and pay the regl!lar benevolences. They had fallen behind until they owed several hun- dred dollars to the local bank. When the new pastor began his min- istry, he sent stewardship literature to sixty-one families connected with the church, and then preached a series of stewardship ser- mons. The result was that more than twenty per cent of the entire membership became tithers, all the old indebtedness was paid, and the local church budget was doubled. But something still more won- derful happened. For months the pastor preached on the great program of world reconstruction. These messages stirred almost the entire membership, until one day one 'Of the members said to his wife, "Let us build a church in India and pay the teacher's salary in the language of the natives." Another parishioner said to his wife, "Let us build a church in India and pay the preacher's salary for the next five years." Another member .said to her husband, "Let us educate a boy and girl in India the next five years." An- other said, "Pastor, my wife and I have decided not only to tithe, but to educate a missionary for work in 'distant lands; also to edu- cate a slum worker in one of America's great cities."

Missionary giving became contagious all through that church membership, until it culminated in the church's sending the gospel to one hundred and ten villages in Africa, to twenty villages in India, supporting two native pastors in India, and furnishing a hospital ward with three beds in Korea. The local banker stood up in church . one Sunday morning and asked the question before a crowded church, . " Are we managing the Lord's business right'" Then he announced that he was going to be a tither, and he gave $500 to help support a missionary in South America. One day the pastor called on a rich ranch owner and asked for a gift. She and her family give $1,000 aud she pledged herself to tithing. Nearly every business man in the community resolved to tithe. The story of that church has been the means of inspiring churches in three great States, and has helped many another to go over the top.

Sometimes pastors are fearful of putting on a mission program because they think it might prevent the support of the local work, but the overwhelming testimony is to the effect that those churches which have adopted the new standard of giving for their benevo- lences at the same time have made their support of their own enter- prises more liberal.

and Enlisting the

BY REV. ABRAM E. CORY. D. D.

Director of the Field Department of the Interchurch World Movement T HE task of bringing the fac~s ~evealed in the s:urveys before all the churches and of enlIstmg the cooperatIon of all the church members is a gigantic undertaking. That is the task before the Field Department which works through the regular de- nominational organizations and does not propose to duplicate de- nominational machinery. We want to carry down the results of the surveys, the stewardship message, the life work message, the mes- sage of intercession and evangelism, the educational message, to the 'last man in the last church.

At present fifty-one state committees have been organized in forty-eight states. Northern and Southern California, Eastern and Western Washington, and some of the other states feel that for geographical reasons they must divide in theiT state o.rganizations. These state organizations are, as far as possible, denominationally representative. It was decided in conference with the denomina- tional forward movement leaders that the topical schedule for the next four months should be as follows: ,January, spiritual resources; February, stewardship; March, life work; and April, evangelism. The financial ingathering is to come from April 21 to May 2nd.

In order that these great objectives may be carried out the message must be sent out to the churches by literature and by conferences. The first series is to be one of pastors' conferences in the forty-eight states. At these pastors' conferences will be presented: the needs of the world as revealed by the surveys; the way to meet those needs in life and prayer and study and money; the organization necessary to carry out this great program.

Following the pastors' conferences it is proposed to go into the more than 3,000 counties of the United States and hold county mass meetings which will call together as many people as possible. Then going down from these will be township and community conferences. We must go beyond anything that has been thought or planned in the past in order that people may, in an intelligent way, gain an adequate conception of the need, the supplying of the need, and what it will take in life, in stewardship, jn intercession and in missionary education to carry out this total program for the Church of_Christ.

Later through the denominational organizations, we must go to the local church. How fully are the resources of the local churches being used today, and how fully have we mobilized thl' total resources of any single local congregation? .Fully fifty per cent of the power of any congregation is lying entirely unu,sedin the work of advancing the Kingdom of God.

218

1~M". . BE S_T'~M'_E"T"H"OUD__S"=-,,T,,M~

W i>'" """

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 45 WEST 18'1'H S'1'REE'l', NEW YORK CITY Working IDogt:tl}tr To be a loyal member of my own family and a helpful neighbor to other families; to be a loyal member of my own church and to help make my church a helpful neighbor to other churches-are two of the lessons we are learning to the profit of the community and the world. There are many among us who have been willing to live for our neighbors in a sacrificial, martyr-like way, who have never faced the greater obligation of lh~ng with our neighbors. There are many whose motto has been "For Others," whose lives might count for more if the motto read "With Others."

Let us learn to live and work with our neighbors.

EFFICIENCY THROUGH CooPERA· blanks to be filled on the admission TIVE HOSPITAD VISITATION of patients to the hospital. Infor- mation as to the church membership WHY should twenty-five pastors or church preference of patients was spend their time and energy in. thus· secured. One pastor was put calling at the same hospital on the in charge of hospital visitation each same days to study the register, t11:-. week. He examined the card index, ing to locate members of theIr visited all the members of Protestant churches and minister to them and to church~s who were in the hospital, others who may be in need? Why and read the Bible and had prayer should patients have a surfeit of with them· when possible. Then, by ministerial attention on some days mail or by telephone, he notified all and languish for a bit of cheer and the other pastors of members of their comfort for many days in between? churches who were in the hospital. Why should some patients be The pastor in charge meets special wearied by the calls of many min- calls and helps every other pastor to isters, while others lie on neglected give efficient service, both to those cots? who are church members and those who are not. The pastors of Lynn, Massachusetts, took counsel together to answer these questions and to work out A PULLMAN, CAR Th'TERCHl1RCH some plan whereby they could be SERVICE helpful, each to the other, and make Through the Royal Gorge the the service of· all the ministers more train had climbed. Every passenger thorough and effective. was solemnized by the majestic tow- The result is that each pastor ering peaks on either side. Never spends less time than formerly in did voice of man pronounce more hospital visitation and the patients impressively in pillared temple or receive more constant and systematic arched cathedral of man's building, care. This is what they did. In "The Lord is in His holy temple.

consultation with. the hospital au- Let all the earth keep silence before thorities the ministers composing the Him," than did the very silence of Interchurch Union of Lynn provided those snow-capped heights.

219

On the Denver and Rio Grande When the service was over many car "Ac.venture" was an Inter- of the members of the congregation church party which had crossed the remained to talk for a few moments continent for the State Conferences. with members .of the team. One The train had been delayed. It was young man said he had not been in not possible for the members of the church for years. The conductor team to reach Salt Lake City in time expressed his appreciation of the for service. Why not have a service privilege of attending such a service.

on the train? Throughout the day there were op- The conductor's permission was portunities for personal work af- secured and a messenger' went forded to every member of the team, through the car to invite the passen- who rejoice9. and were glad in the gers to join in the service and wel- day that the Lord had made.

come strangers to their "family pews." Then into the other cars the BIBLE CLASSES FOR HOTEn invitation was sent. The invitation GUESTS was accepted, in many cases with A consultation between officers of great eagerness, in some with curi- men's Bible classes of evangelical osity, and in others with languor be- churches in a large city resulted in: cause there was nothing else to do. A determination to reach every The porters and the waiters in the man registered in a hotel in that dining car were included in the in- city on Saturday or Sunday morn- vitation. ing with an invitation to attend a At eleven o'clock the congregation Bible class: began to assemble. Soon there were A card of invitation printed, giv- no vacant seats and standing room ing a list of Men's Bible classes,'

was at a premium, although there the hour of meeting and directions were few passenger~ in the car be- for reaching the church: fore the congregation came. Among Two men appointed to be in each those who joined in this interchurch hotel on Saturday night and Sunday service were two Baptist ministers, morning, to chat sociably with men two Methodist ministers, a Presby- who register at that hotel and to try terian minister, an Episcopalian lay- to register them also for some Bible reader, a Lutheran missionary class.

worker, a medical missionary from The outcome was a, large attend- China and a missionary from India. ance of traveling men at the various On the summit the train stopped Bible classes in the city.

for ten minutes. As the words of the 119th Psalm rang out, "I will lift HOW A SCHOOn OF MISSIONS OAME ABOUT up mine eyes unto the hills from whence cometh my help," a panorama There are some speakers of whom more impressive than any ever pro- it is said, "they always go back to jected on a screen was before the the creation." The writer of this congregation. Then together they is :doing even one better and is go- repeated the 23rd Psalm. There. ing back to the very first idea in • were no silent lips 'as the words of the Second Congregational Church trust and confidence rang out. The of Bennington, Vermont, of a crea- hymns were the old hymns dear to tion of a School of Missions.

hearts the world over. There were A member of the church mis- no stained glass windows, but unhin- sionary committee attended a sum- dered by art of man we beheld the mer conference in the year 1918.

glory of God as we lifted our eyes When she returned she brought to and looked into the heavens which us the first idea. For various rea- declared the glory of God and the sons that she could not help, nothing earth which showed His handiwork. was done about the matter then.

BEST

In the summer of 1919 another adults adjourn to the parlor for member of the above committee at- lunch while the children are served tended a missionary conference. On in one corner of the chapel. A her return she was able to interest church member of some years standthe new chairman of the church missionary committee ill. the schem~ ing has said, "I never saw a more for a school of missions. social, friendly time at any supper The chairman called his com- ever served in this church." There mittee together and outlined the plan. is the opportunity to move about After some discuJsion and some ob- and meet different people whom jections it was unanimously voted one wishes to see but seldom does. tv try it out. The one who brought the idea to our church was delegated At 6 o'clock at the stroke of the to interview the pastors of the Baptist. and Methodist churches. hand bell all assemble in the chapel The Methodist pastor had his work for the brief impressive devotional all organized but the Baptist pastor service. At 6:10 the classes are agreed to unite in the general plans. formed and the real study begins.

The following committees were Dr. C. H. Patton's book "World Facts and America's Responsibility" appointed: Course of Study, Publicity, Teachers, Devotional, Stunts is used for one of the adult classes or Impersonations, Enrolment and for men and women and is taught Refreshments. The Baptists and bv a man. Dr. Charles H. Brooks' Congregational committees mapped book, "Christian Americanization," out the course of study. The committees on Publicity and Refresh- is used by the other adult class. ments also worked together in mak- This class is also open to both men ing their plans. Although the committees did not begin their plans and women and is taught by a -wountil early in October the work went man. "New Life Currents in forward rapidly and the school China" by Mrs. Mary N. Gamewell opened the first Sunday in Novem- is the book used in the class for young people. ber. The Juniors and Intermediates The Congregational school attend- are becoming much interested in ance the first night was 102 and it China and Chinese life from the steadily increased until the total en- study of "Mook" written by Mrs. rolment the fourth evening was over Evelyn ~r. Sites, and from reading 140. Though there were some other literature suitable to their timid members who questioned the age. This group is called the "China' wisdom of such a school for fear Club." They have many Chinese_ it would interfere with organizations already formed, yet these objections curios on exhibition and do hand have been satisfactorily answered. work. The youngest children,. under The Woman's- Missionary Society nine years are taking an aeroplane at the last meeting had an attend- Lip to China and are learning someance of 24 as against the highest attendance at a regular meeting last thing about the children's missionyear of 25 and at that meeting last ary, the country's flag, and the cusyear a very special program was car- toms and life of the children in the ried out. The other missionary ac- world's youngest republic. The chiltivities of the church have not suffered. dren of the above group are not urged to come at this time but those The school meets promptly a[ 5 :30 o'clock Sunday evenings. After the who wish or whose parents cannot doxology is sung in the chapel, the otherwise attend the school find a place where they mav be cared for and may be able to gain some useful knowledge. / 6 :50 o'clock does not always find the classes ready to .leave their study and the bell has to be sounded more than once to call them to-

gether for the special feature at the very significant, especially in these close. The first evening's stunt was days when the ai; ing of miSSIon- aoout China. This included sing- ary grievances is apt to be considered ing the "China Club's" song. An- a religious duty: other evening a missionary pageant "A missionary in India takes the op- was given, entitled "Hanging the portunity gratefully to testify that when Sign." One evening Mrs. R. S. M. the mission board's salary yielded a Emrich tol 1 an intere ting story bare living wage, a Christian friend in about an Armenian lad. The fourth America gave the cost of a carriage for the missionary's wife and the cost of evening an original exercise was a stenographer to the missionary-two carried out. Plans for the last two evenings are well under way. items which greatly multiplied the effi- ciency of that couple's missionary serv- For apparent interest, real' en- ice." He went on to add, "The mission- aries desire no luxury, but they do de- thu:;iasm, and a touch of family life, sire the means of efficient service. If there has never been anything like the school of missions in the recent Mission Boards do not find themselves history of the Second Congregational able from the church's donation to raise the salaries. then let a few Chris- tian people of means help to make the Church. work of individual missionaries more By all means have a school of effective by special help." missions this ye r If you have not The next man to give an answer wrote thus: al;eadv don ~ so, but if you cannot, begin now to prepare for next fall. "The Mission gave me time for rest The question will arise, have we ca- and recuperation. Then I found opporpable teachers? You may be sur- tunity for spiritual uplift and inspiration at the Keswick Convention (in England).

prised how much gaod material vou Since then I have had some months of have. Just venture a bit and not deputation work (also in Great Britain) think that you must use those who with further opportunity for spiritual have always taught missionary uplift. I am most grateful for all the opportunities that have come to me both classes. There are others more ca- for inspiration and service." "My Board gave me a bonus of a pable many times if you only give year's salary" said a missionary woman them a cha.,ce to develop their tal- -who was a teacher. "This canceled the ents. debt which had been incurred by the In preparing for next year find high cost of living and enables me now those that are capable and send them_ to take postgraduate work here at home to a missionarv conference to study during furlough and thus make me a under wise teachers, Jhebooks for more efficient teacher on my return." "When I came home," said another, next year's work. These delegates "my home chUTrh gave me a purse of cannot. help but gain el.thusiasm and inspiratio.' from the consecrated $250. This enabled me to pay faT some leaders and missionaries whom they necessary medical and dental work, and also enabled me to do some studying dur- ing furlough."

will there meet and hear. Two things are revealed in these FANNIIC EVERETT WEBSTER. replies wholly without intention of the missionaries. First, that the FROM TBl!l VIEWPOINT OF THE present scale of missionaries' salaries FIELD is no longer adequate on the field, By Helen E. Springer, Central Africa and the other is that furlough allow- At an Interchurch conference of ances are no longer adequate here in missionaries of Protestant denomina- the United States.

tions held recently the question was How has the church made my asked: "What has the home church work more difficul? "By making done to make your work more diffi- me try to do the work of three men"

cult or more efficient either in the answered a missionary from Africa field or on furlough?" promptly. And that reply would Here are some of the answers. come from almost every missionary The first two replies received are around the globe.

19201 BEST METHODS

"By making me lay bricks, do car- The Committee on Invitations vispenter work, walk where I could ride ited every family in the two blocks if I had a motor cycle; by having to and explained the idea. The Comkeep bOOKS for which I am not fitted mittee on Menu decided on-Scalwhen a trained bookkeeper could do the loped Potatoes, Meaf Sandwiches, work better and free me for the evan- Hot Corn on Cob, Pickles, Coffee gelistic work I want to do. By making and Watermelon. Each family was me ride in a slow bullock cart when if asked to provide enough potatoes, I had a Ford I could do three times sandwiches and pickles for the memthe work with half the trouble. By bers of their family who were cornmaking me write my own letters, or, ing to the picnic. The Committee what usually happens, writing few when provided the com, the coffee with if I had a stenographer I could keep my sugar and cream, and the waterconstituency at home informed, as they melon. The Committee on Tables should be." visited two nearby churches and Morrowed tables to place in the Every missionary will testify to middle of the paved street, washed the great help received in the prayers llnd swept and roped off by order of the mayor. Tabl~cloths were of friends at horne. We know that provided. The Committee on Invi- tations defied the breeze by pinning if there were a greater number of place-cards to the tablecloths. The Committee on Decorations was made intercessors Qur efficiency would be up of high school lads and lasses. One boy, whose studies gave him relatively increased. knowledge of electricity, obtained strings of colored electric lights and "Won't you appeal for a school for connected them up. Some got flags missionaries' children?" writes a Bap- of all' nations, and others flowers tist. It is cruel to ask us to leave our little children in the United States when, for the tables. Families were not if we had a suitable school to which to allowed to sit together, except mothsend them we could keep them up to ers with small children, for this was college age." to be a get-together Community Pic- nic Supper, and it is amazing to see Conversely, those who are able how many people can live in the same block without knowing each to reach the few schools that have other; The Music Committee found been established where missionary sufficient talent in the two blocks to provide for the entertainment. children can be sent thank God for Announcement was made that at them and realize that they are a the first call of the cornetist all the great means of increasing their own women should come from their homes with the hot dishes and sandefficiency and also of training others. wiches, and put them on the table anywhere. At the second call all the One note is sounded that appeals guests were to come and search until they found their place cards. to every missionary heart. This Chairs were provided by people man writes: "The heathen do not living on either side of the street. The watermelon, which had been thwart the missionary's work ·as cut and placed on the table, gave a good color scheme. Coffee appeared much as the non-Ch,istian conduct at intervals in large pitchers.

of the nominal Christians." Two hundred and fifty-eight of us sat down as neighbors to.:ether.' A COMMUNITY PICNIO SUPPER Surely a new day is dawning when the mayor of a great city issued an order that a street "hall be washed and swept and roped off for a Com- munity Supper. From Minneapolis comes this story.

A few women in two contiguous blocks were invited to a home one evening to comider the plans for a Community Picnic Supper. Their enthusi:..sm was great anl the fol- lowing committees were appointed: Invitations Music Menu Speakers Tables Finance Decorations Games

At the close of the meal all scraps sounded. Suddenly the clicking of were put in large paper bags, do- typewriting machines ceased. There nated by a nearby grocery firm, and was an absolute stillness. Girls the Table Committee cleared away stopped writing in the middle of a all signs of the picnic and arranged sentence; men and women paused the chairs around the platform just where they were-for the noon- which had been built out from a tide prayer of the Interchurch World vacant lot. On this was a piano and Movement. room for our volunteer orchestra and speakers, which included the Mayor, Not in that one building only, but Chief of Police and an Alderman in many of the denominational and from our Ward. The "City Com- ip.terdenominational offices through- munity Sing" leader was there, and out New York and throughout the under his inspiring leadership we world, as the clock strikes twelve S'lng ourselves hoarse. Then came there comes the call to silent prayer very short speeches, followed by that the great commission of our games. Lord and Saviour may be carried out and His salvation be made The whole spirit of our community known to the ends of the earth. has been changed by our getting to- gether in tliis way. The morning "Not by might, nor by power, but after the picnic a man across the by my spirit saith the Lord." street from the home of a widow whose daughter goes to work daily, REGULAR VISITORS AT THE came over and said: "I notice you go downtown every morning about COUNTY HOME the time I drive down. Why not ride with us? There's plenty of "Over the hills to the poor house" room." A plumber across the alley was robbed of much of its sadness came to his neighbor and said: "You by the cooperation of some purpose- need not bother to get a plumber to ful young people in a southern city. _. do small jobs for you, let me do it." When the milk drivers went on a When these young. people decided strike in the fall, a husband said to that their program had been clade up his wife: "Now there are several of services entirely, with practically babies in these two blocks. You no service, they began to make a send the maid to those homes where community survey to see what op- there are babies and get the empty pGrtunities for real service they milk bottles and I will send the car could discover. Among other dis- around to get certified milk for all coveries they found there were no our babies." regular religious services held in the county home which was located only Everybody is looking forward to a few miles from their city. Repre- another Community Picnic. ' sentatives of the young people's leagues of the various evangelical WHEN THE CLOCK STRIKES churches were called together. They worked out plans and schedules to TWELVE provide regular services and special celebrations for the lonely, neglected The clock on the tower struck residents in that "home" that had twelve. The crowds on the streets been so pathetically misnamed. of New York rushed on. The noise They went with musical instruments of the cars, the whir of automobiles, and interesting programs. As friend- the warnings of horns and clanging ships were formed there were many bells, the sharp gongs of speeding little "surprise boxes" slipped into ambulances filled the ears of the trembling did hands. hurrying throng pushing along the streets. Each League or Christian En- deavor was assigned regular and As the clock struck twelve a gong special days, for which its members were responsible.

CONTACTS WITH THE

HOME FIELDS . HOME BOARDS . FOREIGN BOARDS FOREIGN FIELDS No. Moravian So. Presby. Presby. … '.'6fftr~.'" Amer. Presby. U.S. Reformed Reformed U. S. United Brethren CO-OPERATIVE CONTACTS WITH THE FIELDS HOME MISSIONS DENOMINATIONAL FOREIGN FIELDS REPRESENT A T1VES frontiers– Indians— Negroes— Immigrants- Orientals– Mexicans– Rural—- Alaska— —:::::;;"

Mormons– Cities—- Industrial– Special— How THE EDITOR· OF THE REVIEW PRESENTSD, BY A BLACKBOARD DIAGRAM BI';FORI'; A LOCAL CHURCH, THE NEED FOR DENOMINATIONAL COOpERATION IN HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONS 225

Woman's Home Mission

EDITIID BY MISS F~ORltNCE E. QUINLAN, ExECUTIVE SECRETARY Olf THF; COUNCIL ot WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS EXCERPTS FROM THE ANNUAL REPORTS Dr. John R. Matt, at the recent The School of Missions has dem- World Survey Conference of the In- onstrated itself to be a most fruitful terchurch World Movement, spoke of avenue of approach to the individual the fundamental requisite for all co- life of young and old. Its opporoperative work-the generating of tunity for reaching both women and an atmosphere. He quoted a phrase girls grows larger each year;' regisused at the historic Edinburgh Con- trations are increasing, the activities ference: "To loathe to differ and to are more varied, and the results more determine to understand," and he and more real. It is a ripe field for further amplified as follows: "To de- recruiting for mission work and for termine to understand especially furnishing training for leaders. those from whom we differ." At the last annual meeting it was The object of the Council of Wo- voted to secure an Executive Secremen for Home Missions, as stated in tary familiar both with Board work the Constitution, is "to unify the ef- and the w"rk of the Council. Durforts !'f the National Women's Home ing the weeks in which search was Mission Boards and Societies by made for a suitable person it became consultation and by cooperation in increasingly evident that the Council action." And this implies that in its needed someone at headquarters able outreach the Council shall, by its to supervise the t~chnical part of very existence, loathe to differ and publication which had grown to be be determined to understand, espe- too large a task to ask of volunteers. cially those from whom it mig-ht dif- Miss Florence E. Quinlan, who had fer. The story of the year reads as been a member of the Woman's a page of cooperation, cooperation Board of Home Misisoris, Presbywith various and varied organiza- terian, for seven years and who had tions. served as Chairman of the Literature Committee of that Board; who had A request from the Women's Mis- also for more than a year been a sionary Society of the Presbyterian member of the Committee on Study Church in Canada, Western Division, Courses and Literature of the Counto become affiliated with the Coun- cil, was elected for that office and cil was received and a hearty wel- assumed her duties April 21, 1919. come was extended. At present there are seventeen denominational The Council publishes the adult women's Boards constituent to the and junior Home Mission textbooks Council and two consulting Boards: for use by women's and young peothe National Board of the Young ple's study groups. In the publica- Women's Christian Associations and tion of the adult book for 1919-20, the National Board of the Woman's "Christian Americanization, A Task Christian Temperance Union. for the Churches," the Missionary Education Movement cooperated with Twelve Schools of Missions are the Council ·instead of publishing a affiliated, the latest accessions to the separate book. For the first time a family being Bay View, Michigan, study book bearing the Council's imand Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.

226 print has passed the 100,000 mark. of Women's financial expenditure This increased sale is due to our new being met to a large degree by a partnership and, in larger measure, fund received from the International to the intrinsic value of the book, Council of Women for Patriotic the timeliness of the theme, and the Service. "Two Bibles," an illumi- steady growth of the Council's con- nating leaflet, was written by Mrs.

stituency. For 1920-21, the Mission- George. W. Coleman on request of ary Education Department of the the Council. It sets forth a few Interchurch World ~lovement, which fac. ~ in regard to issues of the Bible now functions in place of the Mis- recently published or provided by the sionary Education Movement, and Mormon Church.

the Council are to publish jointly the A sjnthesis of the work done junior, as well as the adult book on among the foreign-tongued by the the theme "The Church and the Boards constituent to the Council has Community." Also a considerable been compiled and copies sent to each portion, if not the entire output of Board. .

supplemental material will be pub- A Committee' representing the lished jointly. The Council believes Home Missions Council, the Council that the theme for the 1920 book of Women for Home Missions, the will strike the rising tide of church Young Men's Christian Association, feeling and sentiment as did that of and the Young Women's Christian last year. The Council is fortunate Association has been appointed to in securing for the author of this provide a more adequate program book Ralph E. Diffendorfer, head of for the religious education of Inthe ~Tome Survey Department of the dians, especially in regard to cooper- Interchurch Vorld Movement, who ative work in Indian Schools. This is widely known for his unique ex- joint committee on Indians affairs perience in the field of this subject; held a conference at Wichita, Kanequally fortunate in the author of sas, September 24-26, which was atthe Junior book, Jay T. Stocking, tended by workers in the Indian field D. D., who will present the theme in -and representatives of Boards, of story form. . the Government, and of many Indian During the past year the usual tribes.

leaders' helps for adult and junior A report was presented at the an- books, a devotional service for use nual meeting in January, 1919, in- with the adult textbook, a short pag- dicating the need of permanent or- eant, a program for the observance of ganization by which neglected areas Home Mission Week on the theme, may be hunted out, surveyed, and "The Soul of Democracy; Christian the needs discovered and met,either Service, Personal and Social," a set by joint action or by assigning re- of posters, and incidental leaflets. have sponsibility to denominations. (A been published. In passing, it is inter- recommendation from the Inter- esting to note the cordial cooperation church World Movement was pre- of the Treasury Department of the sented to the Council at the 1920 an- Government in presenting to the nual meeting in regard to this mat- Council 10,000 Victory Liberty Loan ter. Information as to definite de- "Americans All" posters showing list velopments will be- given in. a later of representative names of men in' issue of the Bulletin.) service whose nomenclature betokens The Council has continued to greatly varied parental nationalities. maintain the Woman's Home Mis- The Council of Women united sion Bulletin, by-monthly in the MIS- with the Home Missions C011ncil in SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD) arranging for the publication of under the same annual plan of four "The Foundations of Mormonism" pages in six issues, alternating with by William E. La Rue, the Council the Wo~an's Foreign Mission Bul-

letin. Mrs. O. R. Judd was the aration for the observance of the editor during the early Q10nths of the iunnicteodnfoDrmayityinwi1t9h191.918C,otnhseeqTuheunrtlsy~ year, but felt obliged to resign and day in Home Mission Week, 1919. beginning with the May issue the was selected as the Dav of Praver Executive Secretary has had charge for Home Missions, and a program of the Bulletin. was prepared for its observance. The Federation of Woman's Boards Seven of the constituent Boards of Foreign Missions had observed a have Secretaries for Student Work, day in January, 1919. (February 20, two work in cooperation with the 1920, was the first united Day of Student Secretaries of the general Prayer for Missions.) Church Boards; in seven the work is conducted jointly with the foreign It has been the conviction of the Boards. A majority prepare special Council that there should be some literature for young women students; integration of the various women's all except one sent representatives to societies of the local churches and Y. W. C. A. Conferences in 1919 that there should be an earnest and and nearly all were represented in a rousing call to the women of the girls' camps in connection with Sum- Church to dedicate themselves to mer Schools. Christian service. The increasing demand for women's local federa- The Council was represented at a tions and the enlarged scope of their conference called by the Student work has necessitated, that, the rela- Committee of the Y. W. C. A. in- tionship of local federations organcluding representatives of the Fed- ized by the Federal Council and eration of Woman's Boards of For- those organized by the Council of eign Missions and the Council of Women and the Federation of Wo- Women to consider the adequacy of man's Boards of Foreign Missions the presentation of missions in be carefully considered. The Counschools and colleges. It was feIt cil has, therefore, been in close conthat the Home Mission study courses sultation and cooperation with the provided for students in schools and Federation of Woman's Boards of colleges were not' fully satisfactory Foreign Missions, and the Commisand that a more adequate program sion on Interchurch Federations of of instruction should be provided. the Federal Council of Churches of Steps have been taken to secure this. Christ in regard to the organizing of local Federations of Church Women. A high water mark was reached At the present time there are about in 1919 by the Home Mission Insti- 165 federations listed. A suggested tute at Chautauqua, there being a constitution for such federations has registration of 1160. been approved.

On September 18, 1918. in accord- The Council was represented at the ance with the wishes of the women AlI~Board Conference of the Interof the churches, the Council of Wo- church World Movement in Clevemen voted that a specific day be land, Ohio, April 3D-May 1, and at permanently set aside as a Day of the 'World Survey Conference at At- Prayer for World Wide Missions. lantic City, N. J., January 7-10, 1920. In October of the s e year the Fed- The President of the Council is one eration of Woman's Boards of For- of the three women on the Execueign Missions voted that the first tive Committee of the Movement. An Advisory Committee has been Ft;iday in Lent be adopted for the formed to counsel with the Missionannual· observance of this Day of ary Education Department of the Prayer, and in November the Coun- Movement, on which committee all cil of Women ratified that choice of Boards, as well as the Home Misday. The date of appointment by the Council and Federation of the sub-committee on the Day of Prayer precluded effectiv~ pUblicity or prep-

sions Council, the Foreign Missions Committee of the Federal Council. Conference, the Federation of Wo- The Council of Women was repreman's Boards of Foreign Missions, sented at the special meeting of the and the Council of Women for Federal Council in Cleveland, May Home Missions are represented, the 6-8. Items of special interest to the combined group functioning in the Council at this meeting were: the place of the former Committee of formation of an Editorial Council of the Religious Press, the proposed Twenty-eight. change in the constitution of the Federal Council, whereby interde- An advisory committee consisting nominational organizations would be of representatives of the Council, the admitted to the Federal Council as Federation of Woman's Boards of affiliated organizations with mem- Foreign . Missions and the Inter- bership on the Executive Committee church World Movement, has con- and on Commissions, the discharge sidered the relation of the Federa- of the War Time Commission, and tion, the Council, Women's Boards, the endorsement of the Interchurch and local federations of church World Movement. A meeting of the women to the Interchurch World Executive Com·m;ttee of the Federal Movement, and particularly to its Council was held in Baltimore, Md., Women's Activities Department. December 10-12. For the first time, the Federal Council had invited The Interchurch World Move- affiliated bodies to make short reports ment, through the Director of the of their cooperative work; accord- Home Missions Survey, requested ingly,' the Executive Secretary prethe Executive Committee of the sented such a report to the Com- Council to constitute itself the Sur- mittee. vey Committee in behalf of the Women's Home Mission Boards and The advisability of the closest de- gree of cooperation between the Societies to cooperate in the Home Missions survey and program. The Council of Women and the Home object of this survey IS to study the Missions Council has been proved. country in its home mission aspects The two Councils have for the past in order to determine an adequate two years together prepared the probudget for five years for carrying gram for their annual meetings and on the work on an efficiency basis, to have conducted a large part of the complete a program that will ade- meetings in joint session. This year quately care for a1l the unchurched this is again true, the purely business regions and aU the unchurched matters being considered in separate groups in the United States, to erect ses~ion. Members of the Council of standards and to bring up to an Women have served on committees efficiency basis all approved projects, of the Home Missions Council. It and to establish a more economical is now planned. however, to increase use of the Lord's money by elimin- this cooperation by the formation of ating overlapping and overchurching. joint committees representing all A carefully itemized survey was common line3 of work. made. with full data of work done by the boards constituent to the "Keep together, keep together, for Counc:t, tabulated 1::uth by denomina- one man cannot take a trench." Mr. tions and by groups of people served, Sherwood Eddv I ~ports having heard and was delivered to the Survey De- an officer can this out to his men on partment on the first of November. a field of battle in the recent war. Several members of the Council May the Council. keeping together, of Vomen have ser:ed on Commis- working together, generate an atmossions of the Federal Council of the phere of faith, and so be able, not Churches of C1.rist in America, and only to believe, but to accomplish the the President is one of the two women members of the Administrative impossible and to see the Unseen.

A Chinese View of China's

T HE EDUCATED Christian Chinese are the sanest; most dependable leaders in China. Dr. C. T. Wang, late Speaker of the Chinese House of Commons and one of the most able of Chinese Christians, recently wrote on the present needs of China. In his view, the present outlook is exceedingly dark, but he sees the true source of difficulty and the real hope for brighter days. He says: "When we do not know what to do, humanly speaking, we have only to turn to the Throne of Grace.; to rememher that God rules the world, and that the destinies of all nations are ill His hands. Though the situation is serious, it is not hopeless. There is a growing feeling among the people that the country must unite and that there must be peace.

"I have the growing conviction that the best contribution which could be given to China would be the gift of Jesus Christ. He is the only and the sufficient answer to the question 'What is the great need of China?' This country needs Christ because we need more light. There is deep darkness and ignorance among all classes of the people. It is this ignorance which is largely the base of all the great troubles from which China is suffering today. Christ brings light to all life, and will bring a better government and a truly revived nation. Christ also brings richer life to all who receive Him. Christians are few in China in comparison with the vast popula. tion; but the Christian life is now recognized by non-Christians as having a richer content than anything which Chma has hitherto known. Christ will convict the people of their sins. There are many things which our people do, aud do not know that they are wicked: and so there is no feE'ling of the need of a life changed in these respects. We need teaching which will enable us to recognize evil and to turn from it: to see goodness and desire it. For without goodnpfs in the people we cannot hope for a good government. l1hrough Christ men will be helped to get away from them3elves, and to think of higher being and of life's higher purpose. For the root of all evil in China is love of self. Christ teaches men to think in terms of God, in terms of all mankind, in terms of all time."

Give Christ to China: receiving Him her need will be supplied, and this poor, distracted, ignorant and selfish nation, plunged now in the midst of troubles and dangers, will find new IHe and new happiness and new strength.

230

fROM MANY

NORTH AMERICA Mrs. Grace Farmer is chairman, is The Laymen at Pittsburgh successfully mobilizing the women ABOUT 250 representative laymen of the churches in this great under- from widely scattered centers in taking. the United States met in a three-day conference in the William Penn Ho- Practical Federation W t~l January 31st to February 2, underHILE the Christian forces of America are everywhere disthe auspices of the Interchurch World Movement. Their findings cussing federation, aIliance and committee, of which Mr. Fleming union, the evangelical churches of H. Revell was Chairman, called on Lowell, Mass., have combined in a Christian laymen of every church to way that promises to deepen co'n- unite under the leadership of the viction and promote energy. The Spirit of God to extend the Kingdom denominations represented in this of Jesus Christ throughout the alliance . are Baptists, Congrega- world. They emphasized the need of tionalists. Episcopalians, Evangeli- building up a ,higher type of com- cals, Methodists, Primitive Metho- munity life at home, the necessity for dists, Presbyterians and United thorough acquaintance with present Presbyterians.

conditions at home and abroad, full Recently, the eight pastors agreed participation in the evangelistic cam- to preach on the same Sunday on paigns, thr. necessity for strengthen- the Deity of Christ, and all of ing the local churches financially, Lowell was interested in this united spiritually and organically, the great testimony upon a most vital but c need to promote the spiritual ideals' too often neglected subject. and life of young people and the From time to time similar united obligation to win the foreign born testimony will be given to the Americans to Jesus Christ. other fundamental facts and teach- This program they declared must ings of the Christian faith, The be carried forward by prayer, sacri- second article in the Constitution ficial service and gifts of life and of the Alliance requires that every money. Christian forces must work member shall positively and for- together on the principle that "The mally subscribe to the great fun- Christian Church is a unit for the damentals of historic Christianity, Christian program as a whole." including explicitly the sovereignty of God the Father, .the deity of The Women In Washington Christ, and the personality of the CHRISTIAN wo~en, representing Holy Spirit, the Scriptures as the many denominations and or- only infallible rule of faith and ganizations, met in Washington at practice, the vicarious blood atone- Hotel Raleigh, February 7 to 9th, ment of Jesus Christ on the cross in the interest of promoting the pro- and the bodily resurrection of be- gram of the Interchurch World lievers in Christ. Movement. Mrs. Henry W. Peabody Of the fifty minist~rs of Lowell presided over the meeting which and vicinity. twenty-three are al- brought together some 250 delegates. ready members, and there are more The Women's Activities depart- to follow.

ment of the Movement, of which The Presbyttrian.

231

A Pre&b;yterlan Social Creed $10,000,000 as their goal, while the Methodists will set out to raise As EARLY as 1910, the Presby- $1,000,000. In both cases, the' terian Church took a definite proper officials have made arrangestand on social problems when it ments to underwrite their share of adopted a creed embodying Pres- the Interchurch expense budget. byterian belief in an enlarged social program. The present industrial The Baptist Convention has apconditions make it important to pointed twenty-five of its execumake known the Church's stand in tive officers "as a National Baptist the matter. The following are Campaign Commission. Headsome of the points declared in quarters will be in Chicago, with the creed, which was prepared for branches in Philadelphia and Atthe most part by Dr. John Mc- lanta. Dowell, now director of the Social Service Division of the New Era LATIN-AMERICA Movement: A Year's Achievement 'the acknowledgment of the obliga- T HE OUTSTANDING accom- plishments of the Committee on tion of wealth. Cooperation in Latin America dur- The application of Christian prin- ing the past year have been the surveying of the unoccupied fields ciples to the conduct of industrial of Haiti and Santo Domingo; the publication of a monthly review organizations, whether capital or la- "La Neuva Democracia" ; employ- ment of a secretary of literature in bor. Brazil, a secretary for education in A more equitable distribution of Mexico and a secretary for the Committee on Cooperation in Mexwealth. ico; the publication of a directory The abatement of poverty due to of missionaries, mission schools and periodicals in Latin America; the preventable diseases, uncompensated ac- preparation in Spanish of the first cidents, lack of proper education. general commentary on the Inter- national Sunday School Lessons; The abolition of child labor. the beginning of the publication of temperance literature in Spanish, Such regulation of the conditions the beginning of union evangelical of the industrial occupation of women seminaries in Porto Rico and Brazil, as shall safeguard the physical and and the opening of a union book depository in Chile. moral health of themselves, the community and the future. The countries which make up Latin America have a total popu- Adequate protection of working people from dangerous machinery and objectionable conditions of labor. The release of every worker from work one day in seven, the Sabbath if possible, with every worker paid sufficient with six days' work for seven days of living.

The employment of methods of con- ciliation and arbitration in industrial disputes.

The development of a Christian spirit in the attitude of society toward offenders against the law.

The New Era Magazine.

lation of 85,000,000, an increase· of Negro ChttN'hes and the Interchurch nearly 600% in the past one hun- THENATIO?llAL Baptist Con- dred years. ….ention and the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, two News from Western Mexico Neg-ro denominations with nearly 4.000,000 members, have decided to REV. ALFRED C. Wright, Con- gregational missionary of (iua- join with the other cooperating dalajara. Mexico. is of the numher communions in the united simul- who believe that schools, social taneous financial campaign of the centers, medical d;spensaries and Interchurch World llo….ement of churches are the kind of "interven- N nrth Ameril'l this spring.. tion" which will avail in Mexico.

The colored Baptists have set After four years of suspension

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the two schools in Guadalajara, Spanish language, become acquainted one for boys and one for girls, wjth the Mexican people, and will have reopened with a present en- be prepared to be leaders in the rolment of 200 pupils in the two. teaching of the new Medical College. Another 16 y _ung men just gradu- In Ahualulco, ",here the mission- ated in med.cine could then be sent by these Board to gradually take ary, J. L. Stephens, was assassinated over the work of the dispensaries, freeing the older men for the college in 1874, a medical dispensary in work; and as many more-young dochis memory has been establislIed tors. who' have had a start in laborawith the voluntary aid of a trained tory work in the home land could be nurse, in which over six hundred selected and brought out to the treatments monthly are given, and school for its laboratory teaching. many are brought under evangelical influences in this way. The Venezuela's Need Roman Catholic priest issued a decree from his pulpit prohibiting THE REPUBLIC OF Venezuela, his flock from taking advantage of South America, has a total area the dispensary, but the fact that of 1,020,400 square kilometers and only twelve of the over six hundred a population of 2.824,000. Only one treatments were given to evangel- tenth of the area is reached 'by icals shows how little influence his evangelicaJ missions and about oneprohibition had. third of the population. This leaves over 2,000,000 people without an Medlcal Scl¥>ol for Mexico. opportunity to hear the Christian message in its fulness. In aU THE sub-committee on Medical Venezuela there are only 27 Prot- work of the National Committee estant missionaries including wives. on Cooperation in Mexico has ad- There are also ten evangelical dressed a letter to the Mission native workers. The societies at Boards working in Mexico, regarding work include the Society for the the development of the medical Propagation of the Gospel (Engbranch of the Union Evangelical Uni- land), the Presbyterians (North), versity in Mexico City. The letter the British and Foreign Bible Sois an appeal for' a thoroughly Chris- ciety and four smaller missions. tian type of medical school, one dedicated to e especial task of evangel- The constitution of the Republic izing Mexico. Other medical schools now grants liberty of worship and abound, having as their aim, "the no one who knows Venezuela will propagation of science," or "the question the need for a high type amelioration of human sJ.fi'ering"; of Christian teaching and example. but the committee contends that a One of the strategic points to be medical school devoted primarily to occupied is Cindad Bolivaz, capital the ultimate evangelization of Latin of the state of Bolivar. It is an. America need not be thereby less exceedingly healthy city in which scientifically thorough. The plan live many British and American proposed by this sub-committee is as business men. The Port San Felix folio .vs : That each denomination is another point that should be ocworking in Mexico establish, as rap- cupied as it is the door to a large idly as possible, preaching dispen- and important territory. Upata, a saries, preferably in Mexico City. city of 10,000 inhabitants and Quasi- Within two or three years eight dif- pati, with 12.300 inhahitants, and ferent denominations may be induced San Fernando, a to'n with a to open up eight six-days-a-week dis- large future offer attractive oppensaries in Mexico City with two portunities. In these places there doctors each. Then, by the time is need for churches and schools buildings can be made ready, these sixteen men wil have learned the

with itineration in the neighboring Methodist, Baptist, Congregationali.st regions. and Friends. A recent survey of conditions in Great Britain reveals W. H. RAINEY. the fact that among those who reg- ularly attend chuch and take part New Chnrch in Argentina in the work of the church there are many who do not yet believe in CONZALEZ Chaves is one of missions. They never read a mis- . many towns in eastern Argen- sionary book, or attend a missionary tina which have had_a phenomenal meeting. growth. Fifteen years ago it was composed of six houses, one store Beyond these is the much larger and a railway station. Today, it class of those who hold aloof from is a progressive, thriving center of organized Christianity. The expera rich agricultural district, with im- ience of chaplains and of the Y. M. portant municipal buildings under C. A. in the army has shown how construction, not the least impor~ small a percentage of the nation has tant of which is an evangelical any connection with the Church at Christian church. The building has all. Among these large masses who been paid for entirely by the local hold aloof from organized Chriscongregation. The dedicatory ser- tianity are some of the best men mon was preached by a Baptist and women in the nation, largely pastor of La Plata on September Christian in sentiment and aim, 17, 1919, followed by a week's series though not· in dogmatic. creed or of meetings which were attended outward profession. To gain their by large numbers from other lo- allegiance it is necessary to show calities. more clearly the relation of Chris- tian missions to the living problems EUROPE of the modern world. And one of the means to this end decided upon London City Mission by the Conference is the establish- ment of a press bureau, to provide THE LONDON City Mission is not only short missionary news par– the active ally of a1l evangel- agraphs in the daily press but arical churches. It has three hun- ticles in the quarterly and monthly dred city missionaries at work in review setting forth the aim and London's underworld, exerting ·a achievements of Christian missions. force for righteousness among In this effort it is proposed to secure chauffeurs, transport workers, gas the cooperation of men distinguished· worifers,-in fact there is scarcely in .literature and journalism. any type of London toiler that does not share in the Mission's benefi- Holland Missions Threatened cent program. About one hundred mission workers are delegated ON ACCOUNT of the heavy to visit special classes at their daily losses suffered by the missionary occupation, each missionary being constituency of Holland the Netherresponsible for some 4000 people. lands missionary societies are sending With scarcely a living wage, the out appeals for immediate help to Mission's agents have plodded on save their work, maintained for 125 dqring the war, and have discharged years, from complete disaster. Of many duties that won no official the neutral states in western Europe recognition. the Netherlands have suffered most from the dislocation of trade, and The ReHglons Situation in Brlta.ln such war profits as were made were for the most part a displacement of THE CONFERENCE of British wealth by which immense groups be- Missionary Societies includes all came impoverished. the great missionary organizations of the British Isles-Anglican, Scottish, Irish and English Presbyterian,

l~l NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Holland is responsible for one of Aintab, Marash and Ourfa, and that the most important mission fields the French forces have been coming existing, namely the Netherlands East in stronger and stronger, apparently Indies, with a total population of expecting to remain permanently, and over 45,000,000, of whi~ 35,000,000 that they were also entering Aleppo.

are Mohammedans (nearly all on The Arabs have become excited, and Java). Ten different societies are declare that they will not allow the here at work, (without overlapping), French to occupy this territory.

having a total staff of 214 men Robberies and murders have increased (exclusive of wives), 120 of which and are more common than at any are on Java; 100 main stations time recorded in history, outside of (Java 40); 1000 substations (Java the period of massacres.

210)350,000 Christians (Java 27,000) The Armenians complain that the and 60,000 school children (Java . French are unreliable, unsympathetic 13,000). Besides there are some 12 and tyrannical; that they are often training schools for native preachers insulting and brutal. Even the Amer- and teachers; 10 hospitals; on nearly ican missionaries have been obliged to every main station a dispensary; a to complain against the treatment great number and variety of educa- they have received at the hands of tional institutions, etc. The Holland the French officers. If France should Missions .- rank among the least ex- take over the mandatory of Syria pensive to maintain. and Silicia there is apprehension The Societies are planning a prompt lest they follow their usual represand energetic forward movement, at sive measures in relation to Protesthe home – base, but without the tant missionary work.

initial heJp of at least $100,000 their The New Arab Nation expectations cannot be realized. ARABIA is being admitted into the No Sunday Papers for Italy family of nations, according to a writer in the National Geographic ON SUNDAY, January 4, a na- Magazine. The establishment of a tional law went into effect in new Arab state under British control Italy which might well be adopted seems to be the beginning of closer in America and other countries. This relations between Christians aftd enactment prohibits the printing of Moslem lands. Far reaching posnewspapers on Sunday. The pur- sibilities are seen in the new political. pose is to prevent newspaper workers situation. from being employed on Sunday and to force all newspapers to suspend Ministers and consuls, missionaries issues which might require Sunday and merchants may now reside, exlabor from any class of employes. plore and trade in this long forbidden Even news agencies are forbidden to country. Light will fall where darkissue their single news sheets_ ness lurked. Britain's prestige among Mohammedan peoples forcasts a dis- The law provides a fine of 10,000 tinct gain to civilization. lire and the confiscation of the issue for the first violation, and the sup- Many questions are still to be pression of the-newspaper for a sec- agreed upon, but before the regeneraond offense. tion of Arabia can begin there must be a strong enough police force to MOSLEM LANDS protect property and direct the build- ing of roads and harbors. Al!"ricul- Prot<'Stant Missions flnd the French tural and industrial development will DR. W. S. DODD, head of the then follow spontaneously. The ma- Red Cross Relief in Syria, writes kers of the new Arabia have no from Adana on December 3 that light task before them but the work the British have withdrawn from is worth doing.

INDIA conditional upon a like amount being raised by the Society, with which Lutberans In India to provide houses for workers in the various mission fields. Three ONE OF the results of the union British doctors, with ample qualifica- of the Lutheran church in Amer- tions, expect to begin work in Okara ica has been to bring together in in 1920. one the Lutheran mission of Guntur and Rajahmundry. Though both are Secret Society of Cbrfstians Lutheran, these missions have had different organizations. In August AT NAGERCOIL there is a society last a joint committee of the two of secret followers of Christ, missions met in Guntur, when it was agreed to form a common organiza- whose members are caste Hindus. tion. This does not mean, apparently, Their belief appears to diff~r little that the two missions will immediately from Gospel teaching, but in addition become one, but steps were taken they hold that the "word," referred to bring the work of the two missions to in John 1:1 is a concrete word, into harmony with each other. which was communicated by Christ to His disciples after the Resurrec- Christianity at a FoJr tion, and orally handed down to the faithful, generation after generation. THE GREAT annual mela at Push- These secret disciples maintain that kar, a village near Ajmer, was Christ is the fulfilment of Hinduism as well as Judaism, and they expect held in November with a record Him to return shortly. They lay crowd. Before the· fair was half great stress on prayer, and the love over, the railway station reported of Christ is their constant theme. 30,000 tickets collected, and much larger numbers came by caravan, Blue· Ribbon Army tonga or on foot. In connection with this 'religious pilgrimage and festival MISS MARY J. Campbell, in her there is an annual cattle show under work as national temperance Government patronage, to which came such multitudes that the little organizer for all India, under the village of normally a few hundreds auspices of the Women's Christian overflowed with pilgrims; and the Temperance Union, finds that there sand dunes outside were covered are many boys and men, both Chriswith cattle and camels, horses, tents, tian and non-Christian, who desire and men. This mighty throng fur- to organize for temperance work. nished a magnificent opportunity for Since they do not wish to enroll the distributitm of Gospels and tracts. themselves in a distinctively woman's Christian workers put 600 Gospels organization, the Blue Ribbon Army and 8000 tracts into the hands of has been started to fit their case. readers who, in most instances, knew nothing of Christ and His teaching. Requirements for membership in- clude the signing of a total abstinence New MedkaJ Work at Okara pledge. The Army invites the co- operation of all Christian organiza- HE NATIONAL Missionary So- tions and temperance forces. T ciety of India proposes to extend its medical service at Okara, in the Indian Witness. Punjab, and erect a well-equipped hospital with twenty-five beds. The Bnrmese Government and MJsslons executive committee was on the point of issuing an appeal for Rs. 50,000, A PPRECIATIVE recognition of the amount required, when Rs. 45,000 were offered anonymously and two the work of Protestant missionindividuals contributed the remain- aries in Burma is shown by a report ing Rs. 5,000. The larget' gift is of an order sent broad cast over the country by the Burmese Government I)e£ore the armistice was signed. The

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

order was· to the effect that no Civic Evangelism In Canton ONE OF THE many union move- Burmese missionary should join the m'ents which are now taking English army in a combatant ca- definite form in China is the new pacity. It gave as the reason for this office of Union City Evangelistic the fact that the services of mission- Secretary for Canton. Among all aries in interpreting the ideals of the missionary forces in Canton there is West and the trend of events were not one man who can give his whole invaluable to the Government. time to city evangelism, and although there are forty-six churches and The Missionary Link.

CHINA chapels in Canton, some sections are College Presidents Confer totally neglected. It is now pro- posed to attack the city problem, AT A CONFERENCE of college as a whole through the new office presidents held in Shanghai, Oc- of City Secretary, and the aim is tober 24, the Association of Chris- to evolve some scheme for making tian colleges and universities in China wider use of existing facilities and was organized. A recommendation forces. Chinese pastors and mission workers, properly marshalled, have was made that not more than one unmeasured possibilities of service. agricultural or forestry school of college grade be established in China After the preliminary steps have by the Church, and that that school been taken more ambitious programs should be in connection with Nanking are proposed, such as organized Sun- University. It was felt that co- day-schQ"ol and other church activieducation should be adopted in higher ties; an annual city movement rallyinstitutions of learning. The need ing about the visit of some world- famed speaker; concerted and fully for school for business training was planned "drives" againt the numerous recognized, and a school of journal- . forms of vice with which the city ism at Peking University was heartily abounds; city-wide campaigns for t ecommended. social betterment, and possibly, an even more elaborate. program under Canton Christian CoBege which the city will be divided into seven districts, each a center for THE NEWLY organized "Emi- direct evangelistic work. grant School" is an evidence of the steadily expanding influence of New Era Magazine.

Canton Christian College. Many Dr. Shelton Held for Ransom D emigrant Chinese desire their boys to R. R. A. SHELTON, the medical missionary of the Disciples Board, be educated in :'hina, but it has been difficult to admit such boys to the col- said to have been the only foreigner lege because most of them are de- ever officially invited to enter the ficient in Chinese. "forbidden city" of Lhasa, Tibet, has Some wealthy Chinese, chiefly from been captured by bandits and held the Malay station, have promised a for ransom-by a famous outlaw sum of $70,000 to build and equip leader of the Tai and Wah tribes a special department for the educa- of Yunnan Province, China. Dr.

tion of their sons till they are ready Sheldon's detention is surprising in to enter the regular classes. A view of the friendly relations he had dozen or more of these emigrant enjoyed among these people on ac- boys are now being taught Mandarin count of his medical services. He 1n this department. Two are Eu- had gone fearlessly among lawless rasians from Australia; the others tribes throughout all that region, giv- are from Java and Malay. All speak ing' them the benefit of his profession English well, but know little Chinese. skill and was personally known to

most of the bandit chiefs. Sadhu to enter the schools, a system~tic Sundra Singh, the Indian evangelist, effort is made to inculcate reverence is believed to be the only other for the old heathenism by regularly Christian allowed to enter the city of bringing the children to worship at Lhasa. the shrines of the' local divinities. Teachers do not hesitate to denounce Japanese Missionary to China Christianity, and to reprimand their pupils for attending church and Sun- REV. K. FUJITA, until recently day-school. secretary of the japanese Y. M. – C. A. in Shanghai, is planning to Japanese Press on Missions undertake missionary work in that city among both Chinese and j ap- THE FOLLOWING extracts are an ese, thus being in sense, a pioneer from the Chosen Shinum: Japanese missionary to China. Mr. "The stirring up of the minds of Fujita feels that Chris~ianity alone the Koreans is the sin of the Amer- can solve existing problems that in- ican mlsSlon~ry. This uprising is volve both countries, and he hopes to promote a better understanding be- their work. * * * There are a tween Chinese and Japanese Chris- tians. good many shallow-minded people among the missionaries and they Chinese Recorder. make the minds of the Koreans bad, and they plant the seeds of demo- JAPAN-cHOSEN cracy. * * * Cooperadve Cbrlsdan Elton "These missionaries consider it proper for the Koreans to say any- JAPAN has no less than three co- thing they want, if only they enter operative missionary organizations: the Christian schools. They make the Federation of Churches, the Con- the sta:ement of Wilson about the ference of Federated Missions and self-determination of nations, and the Continuation Committee. When hide behind their religion and stir one recalls that in addition to these; the Christian Literature Society of up the people. * * * Japan, the Japan Sunday School Un- ion, the Japan National Temperance "These missionaries who have League and the Japan Christian En- come out to Korea, their wisdom, deavor are all actively at work, it character and disposition is of the is seen that cooperative Christian low trash of the American nation. effort is in full SWing. Partly be- There is nothing of good that can be cause of the small size of Japan as said of their knowledge, character, compared with India, China or Af- and disposition." rica, cooperative endeavor has been more effective in Tapan than else- Christian Workers' Magazine. where. It is noteworthy also that the sessions and proceedings of these Prl('es Soar in Africa various organizations excite more general interest with the people and HERE ARE "parallel columns" the press than is the case even in from the mission finance ac- America or Great Britain when such counts at Nana Kru, Liberia. meetings take place. Cost of supporting one student for Intolerant Nationalism one year: THE PUBLIC schools of Japan 1914 1919 3 bags rice …………….$11.52 $54.00 . persistently use their influence 2 bags salt ……………. .60 1.92 ag-ainst Christianity. Dr. Albertus Pieters declares. Instead of allowing 1 tin kerosene …………. 1.50 5.04 advanced moral and religious ideas 4 shirts ……………….. 1.84 9.60. I pair khaki trousers …… 1.32 1.92 $16.78 $72-48 Is there any question that mission- . ary salaries should increase and that our giving to missions should be larger? Copy of Letter Re-Pastor's Outfit LePage Communion Cup Co. Ma..i1Ion. Ohio. Toronto, Ontario. UeL. 26, 1U11.

Dear Sirs:- We arA dell~bted witb our PIL<tor's Ontllt. It Is "II nnd everything that we could have asked or cxpcCl"d. we wonder bow we ever managed without one The Ladies are very proud or their purchase and wish me to thank you (or your kindness cunc'erdng postago. (ltc. We shall be glad to recommend your Oompany wbenever we ha';p an opportunity. and be iure that we are WELL SATIS~'lED CUSTO;IERS. Yours cordially, Mrs. Victor H. Honeck. SOO'y.

Copies of Letters Received froln Rev. LePage Com!llunlon Cup Co. Feb. 11, 1919. Bernard P. Smith. Toronto. Ontario. Dear SIr:- Christain Churd•• Kinston. N. C. Doo. 8. 1918. I was delighted with tbe Il1lver bread plates. and could scarcely wa.lt to bear tbe remarks of others be- LePage Communion Cup Co. fore writing you. they are tbe PI ettiest and m,..t satis- Toronto. Ontario. lactory I ever have ~oon and everyone I have heard trom Dear Sirs;- fools the same. Wo (hank you so mu('b tor your pains- taking etlorl8 to Ret u. tltis pattern and must congrat- ] am so glad that we have at IMt decided upon a Ulate Yf)U upon yonr SlretmB. bread plat.e. and send you an order for twelve sUver bread plates with lettering as enclosed copy. also You can confidently reter anyone to us about either che4ue to cover, value $9:l_00. trays. cups or plates. we could not re hetter pleased We are so ple…..d with our tray. and CUPS. I was In and Ibank you ffiOilt heartily. WlBhlng you every Richmond, Va. last Sunday and used the fiat top cups 8ucces. ill your good work. and Aluminum trays and thE: difference was Btrikingly in favor of the style 16 lhich we ha.ve. Yours cordially, (Signed) Bernard P. Smith. Re.pecttully. (Signed) Bernard P. Smith.

Mr. H. T. LePage. . June 13. 1919 Toronto, Ontario.

My dear Mr. LePage, I take this occasion to write you about the style 16 cuP'. and iubed O'lr wh~'e Crnl1Tl',)" Set. Arto p more than a year's use we are morf' t.ha.n over pleaqed w"th it. I havA ~is;k'd -revcral places wh3re th~ flat top cup. and metal .ell collooting trays are in use and Itave jUi, wislled tha, the kind we hwe COUld be suhstltuted for !bern. Ours are just a joy to us and I wisll I CO <lId i<lduce ail to buy this kind. The glas"es are so much pr' tier and easier to handle and to drink trom.

Yours cordially.

(Signed) Bernard P. Smith.] Copy of Letter received from Rev. C. A. Clark, Seoul, K:>rea, Japan.

LePage Communion Cup Co. March, 11. 1918. Toronto, Olltru io.

DearSirj- I hav~o~!l~af6ra!eOv!nWya:ai~ ~~~: ~~=;~t~r=i~~~c~:;~~-:??tni~n':;:t ~~~~;~a g~~~~e~1lre gi~g('r~W~~ ~~:b~k~haen~~n!'if tbaf~rm~b;~~~~br~k~V:b~e~tt 15 ~f t~~~~~uf6~b~~~. ant ~:~~. ~~::6dQgoc~~UD~~~ with it hundreds ot times. Yours very truly.

Charles Allen Clark.

(Since receiving the above letter:_ have shipped over 50 sets to Korea. aU Cash with Order.) LePage Commun!on:Cup Co. Brighton. Ontario. Toronto, Ont.• Nov. 1918.

GentleIPan;- r It Is with ple~sure tllat write this note whlcb wtll ,!ive you commend~"le pride from the tact that we in St. Andrews Churcb have uiled your cups tor the P':ol:t tour-teen or lUteen yea.rs with the greate-st sati-;faction. and have broken Just one. They have been wa.shed a.nd steriliz;ed four times a. yea.r since they were given to ~';~~~;o"~~~~.~,;;gO~~END.THEM TO ANY CHURCH NEEDING A SERVICE. Yours truly, B. C. H. Becker, Rep. Elder.

LePage Individual Communion Cup Co.

2382 Dundas Street, Toronto, Canada.

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me than all IDy Bible and theological work in coIIep." – – – – – – MAIL COUPON TODAY.——., Mother corrMPondent writes: A II lady laat evening told THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE. I me that abe and her hushand were both saved from. Dept. 5783, 153 Institute Place, ChiUIO, IlL I Christian Science by the ChriAtian F …idencea Cour8e and Send me your proapeetUll giving ctNDpJeH 111- I that a friend of hen had alao been aaYed f….oln Christian ScIence by MID.!' forma"oll regaMlDg your elghi 0 0 _ ID 0Dmt- II .lD.other _ye, "What marvelous light I aln recelring I spoadence BIble 6tudy. =-uya~-:uz~i:.o~r(S;hl~~~ ';~h-:)'pre~~~ ~::~ N ….._________________________________________.. I that n.". I understand..,t The Bible Institute Moody AII…._________________________________.._…….. II ,———————–'———————_. Dept. 5783, 153 Institute Place,Chicl,•• IH. I —————————————- I Ple..e mention T •• IlISSION.AlI':Y RltVIJ;W 0" T.I: WO:aI.8 in writio. to .dyertiaera Are You Interested Here's in Motion Pictures? Free IF 50- Proof That The'ZENITH YOU CAN HEAR!

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XIII

Your Good Intentions Have You Insured Them?

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Protestantism in France and

RECONSTRUCTION PLANS FOR 1920 OF THE FEDERAL COUNCIL'S COMMISSION Christianity throughout the world owes a debt to the Huguenot churches and people which it can never repay, and it has been accumulating interest for centuries.

But the French and Belgian Protestant churches have a present and a future, as well as a noble past. All the Latin countries are more profoundly influenced by what takes place in France than in any other country in the world. No other protestant Church in Europe and America, in proportion to its membership and its resources, is conducting a more splendid piece of foreign missionary work than the Protestant Church of France. "It is simply wonderful and almost unbelievable." France is on the border 0" the Moslem advance. The two greatest unoccupied masses of people in the world can best be approached by strengthening the hand of Christianity in France.

In Paris alone there were, in 1914, eight thousand foreign students. "France is leading Latin-Europe, Latin-America, the Balkan States, the Levant, French Moslem Africa, Indo-China,-but whither?"

As they have done so many times before, the Huguenot people and institutions of France are now forming their plan3 which they have faith to believe, with the cooperation of the American churches, will lead to the evangelization of the nation they so dearly love.

. While the French evangelical churches are numerically small, their moral influence is great. Protestantism in France must not be counted, it must be weighed. Its inlluence is especially strong in political and civic life. Protestants are highly respected by the French people and their moral and spiritual power is acknowledged by the nation.

THE WAR AND THE FRENCH CHURCHES Prior to the war there were about one thousand Protestant churches in France. Oneeighth of these churches, including many of the most well to do and most inlluential; were under fire in the industrial districts of the invaded north. In some instances every article of value-the communion sets, altars, etc.,-were taken away by the Germans, the churches damaged and many totally destroyed.

About one hundred and thirty churches and other parish buildings were ruined-by fire, bombardment, pillage and wanton destruction. Twenty-eight pastors' homes were destroyed. The loses among the Protestant congregations were often enormous. In many churches forty to sixty men never returned. In addition, these people in the path of the fighting were of course scattered, and their churches were entirely crippled. For these reasons it is estimated that at least two hundred churches have been closed, awaiting repair, rebuilding, the finding of a pastor, or the return of the people.

The sum required (at pre-war prices) for the reconstruction of the churches was estimated at more than 4;500,000 francs and for furniture of both churches and manses, 475,000 francs. The actual cost of the materials cannot be given exactly but in many ca~es it has quadrupled. A carefully prepared budget submitted by the United Protestant Committee for War Relief in France and Belguim shows the urgent need of $975,000 for onstruction work during 1920. They are looking to the churches and agencies that cooperate through the Federal Council's Commission on Relations with France and Belgium to supply these funds. What will be the answer of the Christian people of our great and prosperous nation?

The Commission on Relations with France and Belgium, of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America. lOS East 2nd Street, New York, N. Y.

"x. P1eue mention 1']111 )[]II'O• .u.y RtYu,.. 0. WOIILD in writinr to adTertioen Five New Books for the Churches published by the Interchurch World Movement of North America Inter-church World Survey In two volumes, containing revised survey statements and budget which were presented at tJ~"f~!Cw~:&. presenting the most complete survey of Christian Missionary Enterpnses through- Indlspensahle to Pastors, Teachers, Sunday Schools, Adult Bible Classes. MIssion Study Groups, Student Associations and similar organizations. Library Edition. 8xll in.; Board Covers, printed in 2 colors; two volumes, including Statistical Mirror. Price, (cash with order) $2.00 per set. Handy Volume Edition. .5~x8; Board Covers, printed in 2 colors; two volumes includ- ing Statistical Mirror. Price, (cash with order) $1.00 per set.

The Church and the Community By RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER A Study Book for the Churches ~In~t~~~:!i~~r W::'!;o~.t~fo~:~~o~:~~~b=,~!ag,~;::;."~~f!': ~~~:r;.:'~:~g~~~ ~:~:~l~ ~~8~c~mJ:t:;~~,f ~tn~~u~:~~:.~v.~o~~~ti;~oM~::ea~~:" ~~J:;:!: ~d HOUSing." and "Community Leadership." _ Price, cloth, 7Sc; paper, SOc; prepaid A New Book on the Near East By WILLIAM H. HALL 01 the Syrian Protestant College, Beirut l The story of the Near East up to date; It. history, lI"O!foapily, religion, education. and aspirations, ~3 =:.n~. Bj:;~b~t~~elre~e°f'.='~~~e~i!l~l~"t"u:'E~i.JSJn~te~~:&~~ the complex political and religiou. situation which Is of vital concern to Anulrica.. – • Maps and Illustrations. Cloth, 7S cents; paper, 50 cents • (READY IN MARCH) Frank Higgins: Trail Blazer By THOMAS D. WHITTLES A Book for Yaune People.

The stirring story of Frank Hillglo•. pioneer 10 Christian work among the lumberjacks'ot the north.

book. The original character ot Higros' mlnl.t'1' made him .. m ..n of mark. Afte)J.ears otJO~"1 service ~~n~:a.;sfrir:r~f U::::;e~s!~eb~:~dsdTn ~~~:,~i:~~d~~e~onored II work. _ his . Price, cloth, 7Sc; paper,.50c; postpaid.

Order from your Denominational Board ·or from the -. Interchurch World Movement of 'North America, SALES DEPARTMENT 45 West 18th Street New York City Pleue mention THII H,IIIO.UlIY REvlI'" 01' 'fHII WOlILD in wrltinc to adYertiaen NOW IN PREPARATION—READY SOON Work and Play in the Grenfell Mission B Hugh Payne Creeley, M. D., and;Floretta E. Creeley I ntrod uction tj New light on the work of the Grenfell Mission in Labrador. A by Dr. Crenfell work of unusual interest te!ling of the difficulties overcome and the beneficent work accomplished among fisher folk.,;in an isolated, out- or-the-way corner of the world. Net, $1.50 Korea's Fight for Freedom By F. A. McKenzie "Shows how the Japanese, having failed to win the Christian Churches of Northern Korea to support their plans for absorbing the Korean people, are now seeking to destroy them. Mr.

McKenzie's book has played as important a role in arousing world opinion about the tragedy of Korea as did Harriet Beecher Stowe's 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' crystallize public opinion on slavery." -PHILADELPHIA PRESS Net, $2.00 Conscripts of Conscien~e ~:~fJy~~e8~:~~ By Caroline Atwater Mason AUTHOR OF THE,,"LITTLE GREEt(GOD." ETC.

"A plea in story form for volunteers for Medical Mission work in the Orient by a writer of recognized literary gifts. .It has to do with the I;eroic and sacrificial, much like that wbich has been in continual evidence during the World War."-CHRISTIAN WORK.

By the Famous Author-of "A Student in Arms"

200,000 SOLD IN AMERICA Letters of Donald Hankey With Introduction and Notes by Edward Miller, M.'A.

A volume of personal letters, possessing an interest difficult to overestimate. Intimate, human. appealing; Hankey's college days; the years in Australia, and the fateful mcnthshe spentin France as one of the immortal "First Hundred Thousand," and where he made the supreme sacrifice.

ROBERT E. SPEER says: "Exceedingly interesting and well worth publishing-refreshing, living and quickening letters."

DO YOU [KNOW THE CHURCH EFFICIENCY BOOKS? – – – – , Ge(the New Volume. Now Ready!

Practical Inter-church Methods By Albert F. McCarrah, of the New Era Movement REv. Roy B. GUILD. Executive'Secretary The Commission on Inter-church Federations, says: "The first comprehensive collection of well tested programs for Christian, c0- operation that has been made * * * the author in his own particular field of church efficiency has "given him a rare opportunity to study from the side line the methods that have been nut into practice in different cities."

"I wish a copy could be p laced in the hands of every minister."-WILLIAM HIRAM FOm.KSS. Cloth, $1.75 net Fleming H. Revell Company, Publishers 158 Fifth Ave. New York 17 No. Wabash Ave., Chicago Please mention THB MIsSIONARY RlIlvmw OF THB WORLD in writing to advertlseN

Sacrament of the Lord's

gains in dignity, devotion, solemnity and impressiveness through the consciousness of its being served in cups that are absolutely sanitary, and free from the dangers that are associated with public drinking-cups.

The Holy Communion There is no time in the Christian's life when he comes into closer and more intimate relationship with the Divine than when he sits at the Lord's table. The Christian examines himself and looks forward to the sacrament of communion as a season of blessing. Why not apprcach its celebration with unalloyed joy; dis- carding all fears; thinking only of the wonderful privilege?

A Time of Reverence It is now generally recognized that the Sanitary individual cup increases the attendance because it removes all fear of uncleanliness, and promotes a deeper reverence in the communicant. The Sanitary Communion Outfit Company offer an improved and sat- isfactory outfit throughout, including the highly polished -beautiful mahog- any tray here shown. This tray eliminates all noise, is lighter and more easily handled than others and is more in keeping with the furniture of the church than a tray of any other material.

Make your communion servIce all that it should be; send for free booklet and catalogue (with quotations).

NOTE–In many States the law now forbids Sanitary Communion Outfit Co. the use of the single cup at the communion 600 57th Street ilit:i~. y~~rS~~~dl~atli~. ne.ty::a~~t:~i! Rochester, N. Y. unclean and unsanitary. Many thoroughly good Christians have refrained from partaking of communion for this very reason. If you have not yet adopted the modern. sanitary communion CUP. let this be one of your first forward steps in 1920.

P1eaae mention THE M,SS,OIfAIIY lbIvuIw oJ '1'•• WOaI.D In wrltiq to adYertiaen

I N the heart of New York

a st~p from the mighty Hudson, has been gathered together an organization of Master-Craftsmen who love their work, and each is an artist of proven ability_ These men work in Bronze-the metal Imperishable-which lends itself so well to impressive, dignified, and artistic fashioning. But the metal itself-although these men expend their efforts only upon the finest of Genuine Bronze-"is to a Work of Art what the canvass is to a picture-simply the vehicle upon which the artist molds his human magic.

And it is this puman touch developed by natural talent and years of experience which makes of the rough casting a Masterpiece. Such are the things which come from the Liberty Bronze Works, 611 West 49th St., New York, and in recognition of true worthiness, the name has spread to every corner of our own America, and many shipments are consigned to the far-off States of Washington, Texas, Florida, etc., each of which usually results in a letter of gratification from the customer.

The Testimonial Tablets to replace Service Flags are particularly attractive, made as they are in many artistically correct desi~s, and in sizes which offer a wide range of prices.

Such Testimonials should be erected with impressive ceremony wherever people congregate, for the sacrifice and heroism of our own brave lads in the World War should be honored forever by some visible mark of appreciation. Will you please write for booklet No. 23-A describing the various designs and start a movement towards this glorious cause?

Please mention TH:C JrlISSIOKAlty RitvlJtw 01' 'l'H. WORI.,D in writing to advertisers

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1919

~ Catalog of

THE MISSIONARY ILE'VIEW.fr6get DECEMBER, 1919 SOME SIGNS OF THE TIMES CHURCH UNION IN INDIA CHINESE HOME MISSIONS THE JAPANESE IN SHANTUNG A MESSAGE FROM SYRIA RECONSTRUCTION AND THE CHURCH CHARLES R. ERDMAN , THE PROBLEM OF ASIATICS N AMERICA CHARLES D. HURREY A WOMAN DOCTOR IN INDIA ELIZABETH G. LEWIS MORAL AND RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN JAPAN c. J. L. BATES JEWISH EVANGELIZATION IN AMERICA THOMAS M. CHALMERS $2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COpy MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK AND 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK CITY Brings the Orient to Your Door enables you to rest comfortably in your easy chair. and. at your leisure. select by mail, with absolute confidence. from the largest collection of Oriental goods in America. present- ed by an establishment which for over half a century has been the headquarters for the best the Orient produces. Write today for this free book. Simply send your name and address on a post card-addressed to Department 5 and the book will be forwarded postpaid by return mail.

. A-A·YANTINE·B·CO-Inc· Fifth Avenue and 39th Street New Y.,..k City. N. Y. !II1IIIIDIBUmUIlllIIIIIIi.IIIDIIIDilIHIIIRUlHilmDIIII"DlllllUilIRIIIIIIIIDIIDHI.lmlllnmmlimaOBlllllIIII.1IDIIIIIIIIIIIHllllllllnmnllIBHIBHlnDlDIIIJIIUlllllllllllllUllUlnDIIIIIIRIIII_ _~1 i .McCutcheon's ~ Pure Linen Handkerchiefs I § IN the great basement lIDder "The Linen Store" on Fifth I§ Avenue, New York, are spacious stockrooms with shelves piled high with Linens of all kinds.

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Our prices. which are in many instances actually lower than existing wholesale prices. emphasize forcibly the important saving to our Patrons through our policy of taking advan- tage of market conditions and purchasing in large quantities. often far ahead of our needs.

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FOR THESE REASONS WE URGE YOU TO INVESTIGATE OUR LIFEANNUlrry BONDS , George M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of For i( theMethodistEPiscopa1Chu~, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York, Information W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Address Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia.

Pleas. mention Tllll MISSIONAlIT ~BVIEW 01' THII WOaLD In writing to advertise.. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor.

CONTENTS FOR DECEMBER, 1919 FRONTISPIECE-WAITING TO SEE THE; DOCTOR, MISS SAHIBA, IN INDIA.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES . . 903 CHURCH UNION IN INDIA CHINE:SE: HOME: MISSION MOVE:ME:NT A ME:SSAGE FROM SYRIA OPPORTUNITIES IN FRANCE: THI<: ]APANE:SE: AND MISSIONS IN SHANTUNG EDITORIAL COMMENT . 912 THE: COST OF PRAyn MISSIONARY DIPI,OMACY RECONSTRUCTION AND THE CHURCH By REV. CHARI,I(S R. ERDMAN, D. D. 915 A clear statement of the responsibility of the Church in the present crisis to maintain the p'roper balance between spiritual and social ideals for human betterment. THE PROBLEM OF ASIATICS IN AMERICA. . By CHAR~ES D. HURREY 920 The facts in regard to Orientals in the United States, and the Christian in- fluences brought to bear on them.

A WOMAN DOCTOR'S OPPORTUNITY IN INDIA By ELIZABETH G: LEWIS, M. D. 924 A well written account of a medical missionary's experience and some of her conclusions.

MORAL AND RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN JAPAN By C. J. L. BATES 928 The facts that Americans should know in order 10 understand the problems and dangers of Japanese domination in Asia.

AN AFRICAN'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY. . . . . . . By DONALD FRASE:R 923 The remarkable story of Daniel Uklane, an African Christian, as told by himself.

JEWISH EVANGELIZATION IN AMERICA. . By THOMAS M. CHAI,MIlRS 946 Important facts about tke 3,000,000 Hebrews in America, and the steps taken for their evangelization.

A RED CRESCENT NURSE IN TURKEY. . . . By MRS. 1. T. ME:RRILL 949 A thrilling star}' of how an Armenian girl became the "Boss" of Turkish officials.

BEST METHODS FOR SHUT-INS. . Edited by MRS. E. C. CRONK 953 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARMB;R 963 A MESSAGll RINGING BnI,s THE: DEPU'tATION NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 967 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 981 THE INDEX FOR 1919 . 983 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1919, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y, under the Act of March 3, 1879.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

PUBLICATION OFFICE:. EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE:. COOPERSTOWN. N. Y. 156 FIFTH AVE.. NEW YORK CITY.

ROBItR't E. SPEER, President DEI,AVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary FRANK L. BROWN, Vice·President WALTER McDoUGAI,I" Treasurer December IO!!! L a s t Day! MARK TWAIN .

SALE CLOSES ~ ~!!"":'~'~I" ~ , Laugh and Grow Young '. ~ "-"1:::>_ "" Many times in the past few yearS '~:S~-)_!,~«",."""~""" you have said to yourself, "I must Today our great men know get that set of Mark Twain, I that to forget their cares, they ~"'+-l~..~~-.-:..:, i:ii.:..,:. don't want my children to grow up must know how to laugh, Not 'tit .-.(. lit", the laughter of a passing jest without him." or a pretty folly, but the deep, wholesome laughter that wells Butnowthetimehascomewhentoup from the heart. morrow will tlOt do as well as ted ay, We not only have to raise the price- You can forget the cares and wehavetoclosethelittle payment sale. burdens of your day if you knew the laughter that bub- Everybody loves the man who laughs. Before you see another M ark Twain bles and twinkles through the He is at peace with the world-at peace pages of Mark Twain, with himself. He is a success in life-in advertisement you will have missed busilless and at home. your last chance to get his imperish- ~ble work at a low price.

MARK TWAIN 25Volumes Into Chinese and Russian, into Polish and French. into the years from now-the demand for his books "is so heavy that we languages in every queer corner of the world Mark Twain has will always make them. no matter what the ,cost. But we will been translated. have to charge a pri.ce for them so high that they will hecome a luxury beyond the reach of most men. No American home can be without Mark Twain, for he is the spi.rit of America. Get your set while the price is low. GLt your set now. Go back with Mark Twain and be a boy again. You can always get a set of Mark Twain—-rtext year. ten 'Jf.f!i"'T.!I.)r)oW,~&cllPi aMinarek'TswLailnfe…o…f " Large Vols.

Illustrated Not only does this coupon bring :rvIark Twain of in the usual way-so until the edition is exat the low price, but it brings you absolutely hausted, we will ~ve you a complete set FREE F'R E E Albert Bigelow Paine's Life of with your set of Mark Twain. Mark Twain. There are only a few-this coupon brings yoU It happens that we have a few sets of the four- one-and never again will you have a chance to ,'olume edition on hfl.nd~not t;:nough to dispose get one except at the full regular prices.

Send 110 money-the coupon puts you under We take all the chances-you take n::'De. no obligation. You do not have to think about it This coupon means money in your pocketuntil the books are in your home. A11 that you money saved.. ~end me, all ~~ 17ke~h!l~~O~~ey~~?e~~h~o~a~ i:h~~~~/~rlg~ Do not wait until next month-nextwei>k tharl'!esurepaid,a s.."t otltark Twain's or tomorrow-today-now is the time. works in 25 volume~ Send the coupon. now, today. illustrated, bound ill iUHld;;<)me green c1otb, st.ll!lped ill gold with trim_ med edges, and Paine's Life of :'I1ark Twain, in 4 volumes hound to lllil~ch FR l:-.E. H not s .. li~l,lctJ1T I j11 return tl'enl at ,'Ollf expense, otherwise I will send yt,ll $1.50 ilhin 5 days and $2.00 a 1I":nth tnr HlllLonths. For cash dedult 8(;d frolll remittance.

Please mention THE MI~8ION.ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers An Opportunity for Both Church and Individual A praiseworthy and highly profitable m.eans of raising Church and Missionary Money. Selling thll!se BEAUTIFUL FOUR·COLOR SCRIPTURE TEXT ART CALENDARS FOR 1920 For my sermons, I use the large, bold type. Then by "Just turning the knob" th$ ~e'l–i,f;lt t …~· 6 'eQ.6.I ~Q" "''II ~"~Q.t0 oO""0s90~ne~ce.

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THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. 577 Ea.t 69cn St., New Yot'k City. Please send free Folder to: Namel ____________________ Ad~ ____________________ Occ:upatlon PleaBe mention THE MISSIONARY REVlEW Olp THJI: WOIILD In wrIting to advertlsers A GREAT BOOK ON Dispensational Truth or God's Plan and Purpose In the Ages THIS BOOK CONTAINS 41 SPLENDID PROPHETICAL CHARTS, EACH 9×20 INCHES, AND 22 CHAPTERS OF DESCRIPTIVE MATTER, AND IS SAID BY LEADING PROPHETICAL SCHOLARS TO BE THE GREATEST BOOK ON "DIS- PENSATIONAL TRUTH". IN THE WORLD."

The book is sane, not a 4ltime-setter/' contains no speculative matter, is based on the "Futurist School" of interpretation, is timely, will be of permanent value and a standard authority on Dispensational Truth, and is of incalculable value to all who are in any way interested in Prophetic Truth. Its charts are unique, simrle, clear, uniform in size and style and present every phase of Dispensational Truth, without a knowledge of which no Bible student can "Rightly Divide the Word of Truth."

Price, Postpaid, $2.50. Remit by P. O. Order.

The Book of Revelation THIS BOOK IS THE RESULT OF TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF STUDY OF THE BOOK OF REVELATION. THE BOOK IS INTERPRETED FROM THE FUTURIST STANDPOINT. THE WRITER'S PURPOSE IS TO SHOW THAT THE BOOK IS TO BE TAKEN. LITERALLY, AND THAT IT IS WRITTEN IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER. THE TEXT OF THE OLD VERSION IS USED, AND IS PRINTED AT THE TOP OF EACH SUBJECT. THE TEXT AND DESCRIPTIVE MATTER IS EMPHASIZED BY THE USE OF CAPITALS AND BLACK TYPE.

The book is illustrated with over 30 charts, maps and diagrams. There are also numerous cuts of the symbols, beasts, etc., spoken of in the Book of Revelations distributed through the book. These help to elucidate the text and add to the value of the book and save much explanatory. matter.

Bound in Cloth. Price, Postpaid, $2.50. Remit by Money Order.

The Second Coming of Christ THIS IS A "BOOKLET" OF 46 PAGES, SIZE 6I x9", AND IS ILLUSTRATED WITH EIGHT FINE CHARTS, 4Y:j/ix8", AND IS BOUND IN AN ORNAMENTED BROWN PAPER COVER.

Price, Postpaid, Single Copy, 25 Cents. 5 Copies for 51.00 PUBLISHED AND FOR SALE BY THE AUTHOR CLARENCE LARKIN Pastor Bethany Baptist Church FOX CHASE, PHILA.. PA.

Please mention T:a:E MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers

PERSONALS

The DR. G. SHERWOOD EDDY, who has made "tl eleven months' tour of Japan, China, Underwood-Dixon fndia and the Near East, arrived in New AMERICANIZATION SERIES York in October. Dr. Eddy expecb soon to issue a new book "Everybody's World,"

reviewing political and religious condi- tions in the countries visited.

*** R8V. JAMes L. BARTON, D. D., of the American Board of Foreign Missions, has Teaches patriotic citizenship and love of coun- returned to Boston from his mission of try; but that country must be a free country; a country where law and order reign supreme; mercy to the peoples of Turkey. Dr. a country where, because of its adherence to justice according to law, the salety and Barton organized. relief work with headhappiness of its citizens are made secure, and quarters in Constantinop1e, and personally every individual has the opportunity of developing the best that is in him, without visited much of the region between the regard to race, eolor or social standing. Black Sea and Egypt. He is convinced that America should assume a mandatorv for Armenia. – It must be a country where anarchy, mob- * * * MR. K. T. PAUL, a leadin<; member of law, and the designing few are unknown, because Justice-the supreme end of all the South India United Church. is in government-is administered with exactness, according to just and equitable laws, enacted America after spending some weeks in by the people and carried into execution by them, or their representatives, in " lawlul England.

way. * * * Rr.v. WII,LIAM FE'fLER. Director of the Russian Missionary and Educational In- stitnte and formerly an evangeli 5t in It must be a country, the government of Petrograd, expects to return to Russia which is a representative democracy, resting early in 1920. with the first group of mis- 'primarilY upon the will of the whole people, sionaries to be sent from the Institute.

constitutionally enacted, and lawfully exe- *** cuted. . MR. WILI,IAM SLOANE COFFIN, a brother of Dr. Henry Sloane Coffin, the pastor Our of Maoison Avenue Presbyterian Church, Americanization Course New York, has been elected to the presi- Visualizing United States History oency of the New York City Mission So- ciety, to succeed the late Dr. A. F.

covers the six most important periods in the Schauffier.

Evolution of Freedom *** REV. E. C. LOBICNSTINE, Secretary of the China Continuation Committee, who has been spending a year in New York City, Make your bookings now. returned to Sham;hai in September.

6 sets of 50 beautifully colored slides * * * DB. JOHN. R. Mon has been cited bv each, one rental, with manuscript $6.00 Secretary of Vvar Baker for "espe~ial1y Sellinlt price complete with manu- meritorious and conspicuous service."

script, per set $75.00 * * * EVANGF.LINE BOO'fH, Commander of the Lecture Sets for· Sale Salvation Army in the United States, has b~en awarded the Distino;uished Service We must make room for the constantly growing number of new sets and are therefore medal in recognition of her service duroffering a number of complete lecture sets at a discount, ranging from 25 to 75 per cent- ing- the war. at a price less than cost. Send for particulars. Price list in preparation. *** MR. J. GoFoR'rH, missionary to China of the Canadian Presbyterian Church, has decided to give up his local, denomina- tional work, in oroer to respond to calls Special Overstock Offer from all parts of China.

Send for particulars of our special over- * * * HON. JOHN WANAMAKER has been stock clearance offer. Slides at eight to. twenty-five cents each in lots of 10, 25, 50 cbosen chairman of the Executive Comand 100 on many countries and ,subjects. Large values while they last. mittee of the World Sunday School UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD Aswciation, to take the place so long Dept. uMR" occupied by H. J. Heinz.

417 Fifth Ave., New York City Rev. H. 1. ** * of the workers HEI,LYER, one connected with the Home Mission Board of the Presbyterian Church, was elected President of the Hebrew Christian Alli- ance. REV. S. B. ROHOLD was made Secretary-Treasurer.

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WAITING TO SEE THE DOCTOR SAHIBA IN INDIA

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL DECEMBER, 1919 Nmmma XLII TWELVE CHURCH UNION IN INDIA O NE of the most significant developments of church union on the mission field is taking place in South India, writes Dr. Sherwood Eddy, who has just returned from an evangelistic teur in Asia. The Anglican and the South India Churches have taken steps looking to the formation of a United Church of India. The South India.United Church already embraces in one organization all the Indian Christians formerly connected with the Congregationalists, the Dutch Reformed, the Free Church of Scotland, the Established Church of Scotland, and the Basel Missions of South India. The present movement ~s another step toward the ideal object of missiona.ry work which is to establish in every non-Christian nation one united Church of Christ.

A conference of India ministers was called last May at Tranquebar to consider the question of church union. Indian ministers of the four principal denominations working in South India were present, the Lutherans, Wesleyans, the Church of England and the South India United Church. After two days of prayer and conference a desire for organic union was manifested among the delegates of the two largest churches present, the Anglican and the South India United Church. They felt that they should now come together as followers of one Lord, united in the common task of winning India in this critical period of reconstruction. They came finally to unanimous agreement as to union, not on a basis of compromise but of IlOmprehension. These men included High Churchmen and Protestant Evangelicals, extreme Congregationalists, Presbyterians and . former members of Reformed Churches. Above their own denominations, they placed Christ and His Kingdom, and unanimously desired to form one United Church for India.

The plan recommended for the Church of the future in India includes three elements, the Congregational, utilizing the rights and 903

power of the laity and recognizing the universal priesthood of all believers, the Presbyterian or organized element, enabling the whole Church to come together in Synods, Councils and a General Assembly, and the executive, or Episcopal el'2ment, to strengthen the unity, continuity and efficiency of the united Church. In the early Apostolic Church there were these elements and nearly three-quarters of the Christians of the world are in Episcopal Churches (Anglican, Protestant Episcopal, Roman, Greek, Lutheran Episcopal, Methodist Episcopal, etc.) and the remaining one-quarter are divided into hundreds of different divisions, no one of which had the power of uniting the others. The hope of ultimate union on the mission field seems to be to return to a simple primitive basis, where the bishops shall be chosen by the Church and their powers limited and defined by it. A subsequent meeting of the foreign misl3ionaries of the South India United Church voted by twenty-nine votes to one to leave the decision of the question of union to the Indian Church and approved of the general basis adopted by the Indian ministers.

The statement agreed upon by the ministers in conference manifests a noble Christian [spirit and purpose. It is in part as follows: "We believe that union is the will of God, even as our Lord prayed that we might all be one that the world might believe. We believe that union is the teaching of Scripture, that 'There is one body, and one Spirit, even as also ye were called in one hope of your calling; one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all, who is over all, and through all, and in all.'

"We believe that the challenge of the present hour in the period of reconstruction after the War, in the gathering together of the nations, ;md the present critical situation in India itself, call us to mourn our past divisions and turn to our Lord Jesus Christ to seek in Him the unity of the body expressed in one visible Church~ We face together the gigantic task of the winning of .India for Christone"fifth of the human race. Yet confronted by such an overwhelming resppnsibility we find ourselves rendered weak and relatively impotent by our unhappy divisions-divisions for which we were not responsible and which have been, as it were, imposed upon us from without, divisions which we did not create, and which we do not desire to perpetuate.

"In seeking union, the Anglican members present Istand for the one ultimate principle of the historic Episcopate " .. .. The members of the South India United Church also make one condition of union, namely, the recognition of spiritual equality, of the universal priesthood of all believers, and of the rights of the laity to their full expression in the Church.

"Upon this common ground of the historic EpiJscopate and of spiritual equality of all members of the two Churches, we propose union on the following basis (1) The Holy Scripture of the Old

SIGNS OF THE TIMES 90S

and N~w Testaments, as containing all things necessary to salva- tion. (2) The Apostles' Creed and Nicene Creed. (3) The two Sacraments ordained by Christ Himself-Baptism and the Lord's Supper. (4) The Historic Episcopate, locally adapted. This' does not involve the acceptance of any theory of the origin of episcopacy nor any doctrinal interpretation of the fact. It is further agreed that the terms of union should involve no Christian community in the necestsity of disowning its past, and we find it no part of our duty to call in question the validity of each others' orders."

The plan proposed includes the consecration of bishops from the South India United Church, but not the reconsecration of other clergy by the bishops. Some means will be devised to permit minis- ters of either body to celebrate the communion in the churchel3 of the other body.

A conference of missionaries of the South India United Church, held at Kodaikanal May 13th, adopted a resolution unofficially ap- proving of "a constitutional episcopacy for the Church of India, provided it is desired by the Indian Church and provided that the l'esultant Church be autonomous and an independent entity, and remain in communion with oUwr rva1lgelical Churches of Christendom."

Further promise of progress towards union is seen in the cordial reception of an invitation to the Reformed Syrian Church of South India to join in the movement. The tradition is that this Church was founded by the Apostle Thomas in A. D. 52. For centuries this Church has maintained its existence in spite of persecution, and during the lm;t century has been thoroughly reformed and has returned to its apostolic simplicity. It has a married priest· hood, an open Bible, a simple evangelical faith, and is maintaining active and efficient missionary work in other parts of India. No Church has a mon~ d(jyout and spiritual leadership.

The coming together of thel3e three Churches upon the mission field would unite in one body the converts of the mission work of England, of Scotland and of America. The Anglican would contribute the strength and world-wide communion of the Western Church, the Syrians would bring their loyalty to primitive and apostolic simplicity, while the South India United Church would bring its evangelistic fervor, its d2vE'lopmpnt of the laity and the evident seal of God's blessing upon its ministry in its abundant life and service.

THE CHINFJRJiJ HOlfl1J MlRRIONARY MOV:BJMEWr F OR some time there has been a growing missioiHJ,ry spirit among Chinese Christians. This has led to the formation of Chinese Home Missionary Societies. One of these in Nanking is not only entirely a Chinese organization, but is inter-

denominational and aims to evangelize distant and unoccupied parts of China. Its officers and members are prominent Chinese Christians, and it is entirely supported by the native churches. They have sent out the following appeal: " Christ's instructions are, 'Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature. He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved, but he that disbelieveth shall be condemned.' These are not words to be idly reppated, but call for action. Nor are we to limit ourselves to anyone corner and take comfort thprcin. When we think of the multitudes to whom life is but it drunken sleep and death a fateful dream, whose is the responsibility if not that of the 300,000 Christians of China ~ Day and night this thought presseil on one with increasing agony. Jesus is the world's Saviour and His disciples must share His task. His word abides as a sacred commission for us and glad tidings for mankind.

Besides, Christianity stands for progress. * * "

"The idea of a Mission to Yunnan has gripped the hearts of many of us, including Dr. Mary Stone of Kiukiang, Drs. C. Y. Chen, W. P. Chen and Mr. David Yui, who have organized the movement. There are now seventeen foreign advisers. " * '* "Of the 12,000,000 people in Yunnan, there are only 7,413 Christians, with some ]50 chapels, 120 male and 5 f,emale evangelists, and 75 elementary school teachers. Foreign missionaries are proportionately few, and there is not one ordained Chinese preacher nor western-trained doctor. "Christians of China! Does not such a pitiful situation quicken your benevolent instincts? Or will you continue to 'sweep the snow from your own front door while neglecting the frost on your neighbors tiles ~' If the latter, then what advantage is there in your being one of the 300,000 Christians in the country? When we think of the 11,992,587 unbelievers in Yunnan and the sins by which they are threatened, it strikes us with horror. We cannot all go to Yunnan, but each can help. To you this may mean a small self-denial, but for those reached it will mean soul-salvation. Jesus said, 'It is better to give than to receive.' "

This Home Missionary movement is manned and sustained by the united Chinese churches, with a group of the strongest Christian leaders forming the committee which guarantees the maintenance of the work for one year. At the end of this time, it is hoped that sufficient momentum will have been acquired to carry the work forward. -Six trained and tested Chinese Christian men and women were consecrated for the work on Sunday, March 16th, at Martyr's Memorial Hall in Shanghai, when a crowd of deeply interested friends gathered. Chinese of the old school, with black satin skullcaps, sat side by side with young' students in foreign dress. Elderly Chinese women with "lily feet," were in contrast with rosy, basket-

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

ball, young Chinese girls from the mission schools. Behind the platform, on which sat the new missl0naries, was a large picture of a Gospel bell, the chosen emblem for this home missionary movement. The deputation consisted of Pastor and Mrs. Ding Li-Mei, Misses Chen and Lee and Pastors Sang and Lee, and Mrs. F. D. Gamewell, who was especially asked to accompany the party. Mr. David Yui, national secretary for the Y. M. C. A. iu China, presided, while representatives of different denominations and mission boards took part in the service. The Commission report was read, in which subscriptions and prayer was appealed for. One-half of the $6,000 asked for had been received.

Pastor Ding is an evangelist and a man of prayer, who, for twenty-three years, ~as longed to carry the Gospel to unevangelized portions of China. Mrs. Ding has been a kindergartner and expected to teach the Yunnanese children. Miss Chen has been a secretary of the Chinese temperance movement. Pastor Sang is a man of vigorous strength, which fits him to meet hard, primitive conditions in country places.

The charge to the missionaries was given by Dr. Cheng Ching-yi, secretary of the China Continuation Committee, also secretary of the committee financing the Movement.

The party looks for difficulties, hardships, perhaps even persecution, "to be driven from place to place." But they expect to work and fight for God, as God fights and works for them, in their new sphere of service. The year will be .spent in surveying the field, in conducting evangtelistic services and in strengthening and enlistiug the cooperation of Chinese Christians. On their return, the Commission will report to the entire Chinese Christian Church, and make arrangements for the establishment and maintainence of a permanent mission.

THE JAPANESE AND MISSIONS IN SHANTUNG- A NY who think that the activity of the devil is diminishing in his opposition to Christian mlssionary work should read the story of the antagonism to Christianity shown by the Japanese military authorities in Shantung. We can quote only a few of the items reported by a special correspondent living in the territory occupied by the Japanese. His account· gives another reason why Japanese control of Shantung should be terminated as speedily as possible. Our correspondent writes: "Shantung is the pivotal province between North and South Ohina; whoever controls it has also entrance to the vast coal deposits to the west. Since coming into Shantung Japan has consistently carried out a program of dispossessing the Chinese from their property and business, and of making things so uncomfort-

able for Americans and Europeans that they would leave Tsing- tao arid its environment. The .JapaneRe authorities have also apparently systematically sought to break down the morality and strength of the Chinese and to brpak up Christian mission work. When the Chinese labor battalions returned from France and when allotment money was paid by the British authorities to families of the laborers, the Japanese rushed in large numbers of prosti- tutes to entice the Chi1lese and obtain their money at the expense of their morals.

"The Japanese also interfered with the work of the public hospital i"n Tsingtao by so taxing the institution as to compel a large reduction of the staff of doctors and nurses. Nuisances were established· near the hospital that made it impossible for nurses and patients to sleep. These nuisances included a large house of prostitution which made the nights hideous. At the same time the Japanese silenced the bell of the Christian Church on the ground that it disturbed the patients in the Japanese hospital.

"Hostility to the American Presbyterian MiRsion, founded in Shantung in 1863 by Dr. Hunter Corbett, was manifested by the establishment by the Japanese of a large "red-light district" in Tsingtao across the road from the mission compound. The missionaries protested politely and strongly, but to no purpose. The entire Japanese population, including officials in uniform, attended the three days' opening of this Iihell-on-earth," including Sunday.

"Another evidence of .JapaneR8 desire to get rid of the American missionaries has been their insults to the ladies of the Mission on the streets; the unexpected intrusion of Japanese gendarmes in the Mission buildings; interference with Chinese servants employed in the Mission; unfounded accusations of seditious activity against Chinese teachers, followed by banishment; and the closing of the Mission School. Missionaries returning from the interior have been prevented from going to the Mission Compound. The self-supporting native church at Tsingtao has been broken up and its leading members have been driven away. The Mission will probably be compelled to sell its property for a nominal sum and move elsewhere. The Mission high school for girls, though outside the bounds of former German territory, has hem visited several times by Japanese soldiers who have annoYf'd and threatened the teachers and pupils.

"The Japanese have also imported Chinese ruffians into the district apparently for the express purpose of creating a false revolution to give a basis for new demands on China. Hobber bands have also been very active and there has been much murdering, torture and blackmail in connection with riots and robberies.

"Especial antagonism to Christianity is shown by the Japan-

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

ese effort to break the spirit of Chinese Christians. Fines are imposed on Christian villages; schools are entered and threatened; letters are opened and used for terrorization; travelers are searched for tracts and Bibles; and evangelists are seized and imprisoned.

" The Japanese are carrying on an active anti-American propaganda, accusing the missionaries of trading in opium, charging sedition, attacking the Shantung Christian University at Tsinanfu, and inculcating suspicion of Americans."

The storm of protest and indignation is rising among foreigners in China. Merchants, professional men, diplomats and missionaries are united in their condemnation of these Japanese policies and methods in Shantung. While it is not in the province of missionaries to put down wrong by political and military measures, Christians may unite in protest to the authorities and in prayer to God in behalf of China and the Chinese Christians.

A MESSAGE FROM SYRIA R EPRESENTATIVES of thirteen British and American Mis- . sionary Societies gathered for conference in Suk-el-Gharb, Mt. Lebanon, last summer (July 16 to 18) and carefully discussed the present conditions and outlook. They made recommendations and plans that should be brought to the notice of others interested in the Christian development of Syria and Palestine.

First: attention of American Peace delegates in Paris was called to the fact that while missionary societies are ready to accept governmental regUlations. and standards, still, in harmony with guarantees of religious freedom, private organizations should be guaranteed the right to give religious education and in the language best fitted to make the work effective.

Second: attention of Mission Boards and societies at home is called t9 large districts in Syria and Palestine that are inadequately occupied or unworked fields. These include Kasrawan (Lebanon), Damascus, Aleppo (with 240,000 inhabitants), the Nusariyeh Mountains, East of the Jordan and North Arabia. In these districts are large numbers of Moslems, Jews and backward Christian sects.

Third: favorable opportunities for Christian work have resulted from the expUlsion of the Turkish Government. Travel is fiwilitated and the people are eager for education and advancement. The relief work has openednlany hearts to Christianity.

Fourth: in order to promote unity and harmony in mission work among native churches, the Conference recommends such a nnion or federation of churches on the field as shall obviate existing difficulties.

Fifth: a permanent organization of the conference of mission-

aries was effected and to the Contjnuation Committee were en- trusted arrangements for future meetings, the incorporation of the Educational Union of Syria and Palestine, the arrangements for occupying new territory, the union training of missionary work- ers, the promotion of united publication interests, the development of Sunday-school work and the adjustment of financial questions of common interest to all missions.

Syria and Palestine have suffered unspeakably from the de- structive blight of the war, massacre, famine and pestilence, and the Christian Church in .America cannot be urged too earnestly to come to the' rescue. Over 600,000 people in Syria and Armenia were killed, and another 400,000 perished from hunger, exposure, disease and abuse. Thousands have not enough rags to cover them. The sick are without doctors or medicine and there are 200,000 orphans to be fed, clothed, sheltered and educated. Some of the noblest leaders of today are the orphans who were saved from the massacres of 1896 and trained for service. Relief work helps break down bigotry and to open human hearts to God's message. New liberty may be expected in education and for the printed page-already books and Bibles are in great demand. The great question is what will be the policy of the new government toward Islam? If French influence is paramount in Syria ,""ill they be solicitous lest the "religious susceptibilities of Moslems" be injured or will the new government stand boldly for truth, justice, mercy and progress in all matters relating to the physical, social, intellectual and religious life of the people7 THE OPPORTUNITY IN FRANCE ONE of the fields that calls for Christian evangelism today is France. Anyone who has been there during the last year, !Who has talked with the outstanding Protestant leaders, or has studied the situation, must have come to this conclusion. Either France will continue to be a country in which organized Christianity is a nominal factor in the life of the people, or it will move forward to a far larger recognition of the power of Christ.

At present it is said that only about Qne in three of the thirtyeight million inhabitants of France has even a formal relationship to the Roman Catholic Church, and about one in sixty a similar relationship to the Protestant Church. There are about 12,000,000 Roman Catholics attached to their Church and about 600,000 confessed Protestants, to whom may now be added 300,000 more who live in Alsace and Lorraine. There is in addition to these a mass of over 25,000,000 people upon whom neither church has any compelling hold. They are, nevertheless, more open-minded toward a simple, vital Gospel than ever before since the age of the Huguenots. The government, which for a long period has been anti-

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

clerical, is not anti-Christian. As never before the country needs the moral undergirding of a simple, vital religion.

With two million m!'n killed and wounded and as many more widows and orphans; with factori!'S and mines destroyed, with farms and orchards and cities laid waste in the northeastern ter- ritory; with taxes oppressive and prices for necessities of life out of reach, the plight of France is sad indeed. With God's help, however, she may rise on the stepping stone of her dead self to higher things. France has suffered not only in material and human loss, but in the retarding of many forms of Christian activity. The Protestant churches, the McAH Mission and many other Christian agencies have lost largely in workers and supporters. They are impoverished, at least in material resources, and need help.

Chaplain Daniel Couve, a' Huguenot by descent, assistant director of the French Evangelical Missionary Society, a member of the Continuation Committee of the Edinburgh Missionary Conference, and one of the leaders of Christian thought and activity in France, is optimistic about the spiritual future of ]'rance. He bel:i:eves that there is now an unusual opportunity to reach men and women with the Gospel. There is no reason to expect that Protestants and Romanists. will come into closer fellowship, nor is it desirable until the Roman Catholic hierarchy is radicallv changed. There is much less sympathy between the leaders r:f these two churches in France than there is in the United States, but the rank and file of the memherships are coming to understand each other more fully. The Roman Catholics have been broadened and liberalized by their contact with Protestants and the 1!-'rench Evangelicals have come out of the war with new vitality and earnestness. They are educated and are destined to exert an incl1easing influence in France and in the French Colonies.

A new France is in the procf'SS of construction and American Christian leaders have offered the }wlp of American churches. The Methodist Episcopal Church and the Methodist Church, South, the American Lutherans, the Northern Baptists and others have sent representatives to ]1-'rance to strengthen their work in differeI).t parts of the country and to offer help in other directions. But the Baptist, Methodist and Lutheran churches constitute only a minor representation of the Protestant forces·in France. The two branches of "L 'Eglise Reformee" represent the bulk of the Protestant believers. These churches have suffered the loss of at least $3,000,000 worth of property in the war. In the work of reconstruction they should receive substantial help, and all evangelical forces should come into close cooperation to avoid overlapping and competition. France, in the years just before us, may furnish an example of complete subordination of denominational plans to Christian ends.

·JBDXTOruAlL

~HE OOST OF PRAYER D AILY, almost hourly, come new requests for prayer. The Week of Prayer for Oolleges has recently passed; a day of prayer is set for Bible distribution, another for Moslems, another for American Indians, and others for various .objects. The "Universal Week of Prayer" will inaugurate the new year, (January 4th to 11th). Nearly 600,000 people are reported as enrolled in the "Fellowship of Intercession" connected 'with the Joint Oentenary of the Methodist Episcopal Ohurch; and the Interc}mrch World Mov:ement plans to enroll millions of intercessors in its campaign. The" Great Oommission Prayer League" of Ohicago has enlisted a multitude of men and women to pray for spiritual awakening among Ohristians, and for a world-wide revival and the conversion of men to Ohrist.

How much does all this prayer mean to God and to the petitioner1 How much does it really benefiS the world ~ Real prayer costs in the offering, in the answering and in the enjoyment of the results of the answer, If it was right for David to say that he would not "offer unto the Lord that which cost him nothing," it is equally trlle that no man or woman today has a right to expect fruit from prayer which costs nothing, even when there is a certain degree of faith in God. It is easy to ask for prayer and easy to promise to pray but how much does this mean ~ First, real prayer means holy living. "The fervent prayer of a righteotts man availeth much in its working." The petitioner must either be living in communion with God, or he must be so earnest in his desire to come into that fellowship that he will permit nothing to stand in the way. Known sin must be abandoned, if we would pray.

Second, true prayer costs time. If our Lord spent whole nights in prayer alone with the ]'ather, can we expect answer to petitions, uttered hurriedly because we are more interested in other things 7 There is 110 merit in much speaking, and a brief petition may be most effective, but time is a large factor in communion with God.

Third, true prayer costs spiritual energy. Some prayers are uttered as casually as if we were asking a servant for a glass of water. Ohrist, in prayer, sweat as it were great drops of blood in the agony of His Spirit; and the Ohristian's earnestness will be indicated by the whole-heartedness with wnich he devotes himself to prayer. There is labor in such intercession.

912

EDITORIAL COMMENT

Fourth, true prayer costs cooperation. How can a man pray for food if he will not work; how can he pray for the needy if he will not give; how can he pray for the conversion of men if he will not witness; how can he pray for the coming of the Kingdom of God if he ii'l not doing all in his power to help hasten that Kingdom1 .

Fifth, true prayer means study of world conditions. A man cannot know how to pray as .he ought if he is ignorant of the needs of mankind. Carey pray( d with a map of the world before him; a book or a magazine presenting facts is an excel] ent prayer- book. We must visualize the condition and the possibilities of multitudes before we can truly have Christlike compassion on them.

Sixth, true prayer means knowledge of God. The knowledge of His program and ideals, familiarity "vith His promises, and sympathy with Him are essentials.

Seventh; truE' prayer means identification 'with Christ. "Whatsoever ye ask in my Name, that will I do." (John 14:13) The indorsement of the Son of God means the certain granting of the petltion, but such indorsement means that the petitioner is identi- fied with Christ in desires, in life and in service.

More of such prayer is needed-individual prayer and group'

prayer, in private and in puhlic, for personal needs, for national welfare, and for world~wide revivals. If men are really ready to pray, there is no doubt ahout God heing ready ·to answer.

MISSIONARY DIPLOMAOY H OW far should we depend on human strategy and diplomacy for success in Christian work~ Without doubt, much may be learned from every sphere of human experience that will be valuable in spiritual service, but is there not grave danger lest a desire to avoid conflict and to secure popular approval may lead to compromise, secre<?y and a lowering of God's standards f .

In some religious and missionary movements, the desire to develop a great organization overshadows the purpose to have the work marked by spiritual vitality. The· effort to obtain the help of "bIg men," who arE' not spiritually-minded, leads to over emphasis on human resources and ideals. Ohristian workers have learned much from secular financial drives, but it is questionable whether God's cause has been helped by soliciting money from those who have no real sympathy with spiritual aims. The use of diplomacy in Christian work may prevent a fearless testimony, and lead to a secrecy which prevents large cooperation in prayer, in giving and in service. Tact is a valuable asset in Christian work, but when diplomacy obscures the truth, or takes the place of candor it becomes a liability. We cannot afford to hide our light under a bushel because of fear lest others may dislike the

glare. At times camouflage has been used to avoid giving offense to opponents of mission work, but any subterfuge resorted to must bring discredit on the work of Christ.

It is well for us repeatedly to check up our methods and ideals with those of Christ and His apostles in order that we may not be led astray in the adoption of unworthy tactics in Christian work. The early apostles, and those who have accomplished most for God in all ages, have depended on the power of God, thf' vitality of His truth, and the guidance of His Spirit to produce results. Jesus Christ did not place His hope for success on the size of His organization, on financial strength, or the worldly standing of His disciples; His apostles went fearlessly among His enemies and bore witness to the life, death and resurrection of the Son of God. They testified to His power to transform and save men from sin, and declared that nothing short of full surrender to Christ would bring salvation.

It would be strange indeed if we read in the early chapters of the Book of Acts that, when the chief priests and Sadducees objected to the preaching of the Gospel, the disciples had replied: "We are not seeking to proselyte, to win converts from Judaism to Christ, but we wish to improve the social conditions of .Jerusalem, and would like to have your cooperation as Hebrew leaders." What would be our impression if, after the disciples Wife threatened for preaching in thfl temple, they had gone to their own company (Acts 4 :23) and had prayed for tact and diplomacy in order that they might quiet the opposition of the Jews?

No, what we need today, in the face of all the opposition to the Gospel of Christ outside the Church, and the tendency to selfindulgence 'and compromise in the Church, is more Spirit-filled Christian witnesses whose strategy is that "they speak the Word of God with all boldness," and whose diplomacy is born of se1£- sacrificing love to Christ and to mankind.

It is Almighty God, the Maker of heaven and earth, Who is the chief factor in the work of winning men to Christ, and we may depend on Him to do His part. The nation may rage and the people. imagine vain things; kings and rulers may gather together against the Lord, but God can disdain their plots, for they can do only whatsoever His hand and His counsel determine. How often has God "chosen the foolish things of the world to confound'te wise, and the weak things of the world to confound the things that are mighty; and the things that are despised, yes, the things that are not to bring to nought the things that are,- that no flesh should glory in His Presence . … But of Him are we in Christ Jesus, who of God is made unto us wisdom and righteousness and sanctificatio.n and redemption; that, as it is written, He that glorieth let him glory in the Lord." (1 Cor. 1 :17-31)

Reconstruction and the

BY REV. CHARLES R. ERDMAN, D. D., PRINCETON, N. J.

S INCE the outbreak of the great World ",Var the Christi:m Church has been the object of renewed criticisms as severe and bitter as, for the most part, they have been unmerited and unjust. '['he Church was held responsible for allowing the war to begin; the Church was blamed for not assuming more definite leadership during the conflict; and some are now asserting that the Church lies supine and helpless before the great tasks of reconstruction. On the contrary, the part played by the Church has been beroic; she has not appearf'd always as a distinct society, nor operated under denominational names, but great Christian organizations have furnished millions of dollars to support and strengthen the armies in the field and to keep alive the starving nations of Europe, while countless men during these years of testing have received strength and inspiration for achievement and sacrifice through faith in the living Christ. Even before peace has been assured the Church has been formulating far-reaching plans for the future, and has subscribed funds for Christian work at home and abroad on a scale unprecedented in any other age of the world. Among other illustrations may be :sug~ested the "Inter- Church W orld'Movement," the " New Era Movement" of the Presbyterians, or the centenary campaign of the Methodist Episcopal Church in which they secured pledges amounting to one hundred and fifteen millions of dollars (payable in five years), twentysix million dollars of which are appropriated to a nation-wide effort to meet immediate requirements for various forms of social service.

Noone claims, however, that the Church has been faultless, nor that its members have attained the Christian ideal, nor that its leaders possess the wisdom to Rolve the tangled industrial and social and political problems of the time. What must be insisted upon is that the Church has been and is faced in the right direction: she regards her supreme and unique function as spiritual and religious; whatever may be her subordinate social or benevoleut activities, she refuses to be diverted either by criticism or by praise from her task of making J,psus Christ real and regnant in the lives of men and of nations.

Other methods of bringing ill a better age have been att(:'mpt(:'d. Education, science, philosophy, efficient political organization, all have failed; not because they are not in themselves· valuable, but because human nature iR selfish and sinful. 'W:ar has been a hideous demonstration of the instability of a civilization which 915

was not based upon Christian principles and was not instinct with Christian faith. The incomparable need of the world is the knowl- edge of Jesus Christ as Divine Saviour and Lord. A recent editorial in the Manufactnrers Record has been quoted widely and with deservEd approbation: "Above all else this country needs a nation-wide revival of old fashioned prayer-meeting religion-a religion that makes men realize that if there is a heaven there must also of necessity be a hell-a religion that makes a man realize that every act is recorded on his own conscience and that although it may slumber, it can never die-a religion that makes an em- ployer understand that if he is unfair to his employees and pays them less t han rofbabirerw. ag*es. *me*asuIrnedshboyrth, isweabinleiteyd and their efficiency and zeal, he is a a revival of religion which will make every man and woman strive in every act of life to do that which on the great judgment day they will wish they had done as with soul uncovered they stand before the judgment seat of the eternal."

Another similar editorial also quoted from a secular journal makes the same contention: "The need of the hour is not more legislation. The need of the hour is more religion. More religion is needed everywhere-from the halls of Congress to the factories, mines and forests. It is one thing to talk about plans and policies, but a plan and policy without a religious motive is like a watch without a spring, or a body without the breath of life."

This is like the message given by Colonel Watterson: "Surely the future looks black enough, yet it holds a hope, a single hope. One, and one power only', can arrest the descent and save us. That is the Christian religion. Democracy is but a side issue. The paramount issue, underlying the issue of Democracy, is the religion of Christ and Him crucified; the bedrock of civilization; the source and resource of all that is worth having in the world that is, that gives promise in the world to' come."

If then the Church is the divine agency for giving T2ligion to the world, she must be kept true to her task in this period of reconstruction, and must concern herself chiefly with the problems which relate to the efficient and complete accomplislnnent of this task.

THE RETURNED SOLDIERS Among these prohlems which confront the Church of Ohrist in America, the one which has heen most frequently mentioned ha>l been the return to civil life of the two or three million men who were enlisted in our armies at home and abroad. During the war numerous and sensational pr'Edictions were made as to what the returning soldiers would demand of the Church with ref- erence to its faith and order. Most of thes~ predictions were . made by men who had Jleve~' enjoyed contact with soldiers, and who merely phrased their pet theories or veiled their criticisms in the form of sage prophecies. Even in one of the Jargest

RECONSTRUCTION AND THE CHURCH

camps in France the writer heard a preacher declare with an air of oracular solemnity: "I teU you sirs, these soldiers will re-write all our theolop;ies." In reality, exactly the last thing that soldiers desire to do is to write theology, and, in spite of all the books which have been written to the contrary, the religion of the average soldier is surprisingly nebulous; and the prophets of what he would demand of the Church are proving to be like certain newspaper men who were creditfd with giving "intelligent and accurate predictions of events that never happened."

As to the men ,YllO experienced actual service at the front and who passed through tlw baptism of fire, it is undouhtedly true that many were brought into a new experience of faith; many others, however, are conscious of no spiritual change. The words of a chaplain are probably true: "Battle is to a man what developing solution is to a photographic plate. It brings out what is already in him. It gives him n9thing new.' '"

Of course, countless soldiers have had their convictions deepened by these years of stress and strain. Many have ., found God in the trenches," others have suffered an entire eclipse of faith, and yet to vast numbers religion is a matter of no concern whatsoever. All of which is to say that our returning soldiers cannot be dealt with in the mass, but must be treated as individual souls, each needing a personal and vital relation to .Jesus Christ. 'Ehe first great task of the Church, in this era of reconstruction, is to make bctte1" men; and it does not matter much whether a man has been a soldier or a civilian, his need of the transforming p-ower of Christ is quite the same. On? great danger at the pres('nt time is the tendency to forget that while many things have been changed by the war, human nature is the same in its great possibilities and also in its selfishness, its weakness and its sin. The one remedy is in the Gospel of divine grace. Thus the first duty of the Church in the present crisis is to perform her unique prophetic function of sounding forth t]1e truths of that supernatural revelation which has been given as a sacred trust.

This prophetic function, however, must be exercised with a view to the needs of the time and to the actual conditions and daily problems of men. S.oldiers, and civilians as well, have been justly dissatisfied with the remoteness and the unreality of many messages which have come to them in the name of the Church; they are rightly demanding a religion of reality. Thus the social, indust1"ial and political alJplication of the Gospel must be emphasized as neve1" before. Men must see that religion relates not only to quiet hours of worship, but to every sphere and experipnce of life. The nation seems to be on the eve of a great conflict in the world * The quotation is from a recent number of the Atlantic Monthly in which B. T. Bell reminds us that our problem in America is after all not so much with OUT returning soldiers as with the civilian young men.-C. R. E. .

of industry; the only possible escape lies in the application of the teachings and principles of Christ to the vexed questions involved in the relations of capital and labor. So too in the sphere of politics, safety and security depend wholly upon Christianity. An adviser of President Wilson in France remarked: "We must at- tempt to train a generation of men who, -in international politics, will act as Christians." The present peril is in placing undue confidence in treaties and leagues between nations whose individual citizens do not submit to the will of Christ. The world is weary of war and impatient of autocracy; but a czar or a kaiser is to be preferred to the tyranny of a Christless mob. Democracy, of all forms of government, most depends upon citizens who are dominated by the Spirit of Christ, and who are being continually taught the principles which Christ has given to govern men in all spheres of human life and endeavor.

For the exercise of her prophetic function, and to thus apply the Gospel to the political and social problems of the day, and further for the development of efficient methods of service, the Ohurch must have strong leadership. It is no reflection upon the great numbers of able and consecrated ministers, who have kept the Church true to her great tasks in these days of trial to say that there is now a pressing need of a large number of men of unusual ability to direct the great work of the Christian Church at home and abroad. More serious stm, possibly the essential element in this problem, is the imperative necessity of a more adequate support for the Christian ministry. Does the Church of Christ in America realize that it is paying its trained leaders salaries which average less than the wages of unskillrd laborers T Does it realize that the present attitude of indifference to this condition in the individual congregation spells disaster for the whole Church 1 The present problem of the Christian Church is not the gross budget for its work, so much as the individual salaries of its officers.

To solve this problem of leadership demands also a new emphasis upon Christian education. To the home, to the Sabbath School and to the institutions of higher learning, the Church is now looking for those influences which will produce strong leaders, both among laymen and in the ordained ministry. Homes wherethere is no family altar, no religious guidance, Sabbath Schools which at best provide instruction for only a half hour of each week; colleges and universities which have no place for th(" Bible and are devoted wholly to secular edueation, can n('ver meet the pressing needs of the Church in these days of reconstruction. Here is a problem which must be faced calmly, courageously and with intense seriousness. If the returning soldiers constituto a problem for the Church, it is quite as true from another aspect that they

offer the Church a great opportunity. Oth('r things being equal, they are to be the men of greatest infinence, in thiR present gen- ('ration, ill their 'arious RphereR of activit~·. From among them Rhould be found leaders worthy of the' great taRk committed to the Church. Every effort should ho madt', and that speedily, to enlist them in active and definite ChriRtian service.

The demand for church union is another pressing problem of the hour. The "returning soldiers" have not voiced this deRire so loudly as was predicted, yet criticism is still jURtified and dis- Ratisfaction is widespread in view of many unnecessary divisions among the followers of Christ.

Nor is the Church indifferent to the need, or content with her present division. Plans for a "World Conference on Faith and Order," delayed by the war, are now maturing; and meanwhile, in the immediate future, a National Council is to meet to effect if possible the organic union of the evangelical churches of America. The term "organic union" should be intelligently interpreted. It is not intended to imply the necessity of an absolute merging of denominations: the "organic union" may he "federal" or "confederate." Noone can predict the exact form which may issue; but no one can deny the longing to closer fellowship which is felt throughout the Church, and no one should fail to further every wise endeavor to secure such a relation as will bear to the world a corporate witness to the spiritual unity which already exists among all the followers of Christ.

Among many other problems which are familiar should be mentioned that of keeping clear in the consciousness of the American Church its duty and privilege in the task of 'World evangelization. In some carefully limited sense it is true that" America won the war;" the same could be said of England or Belgium or France; it was a united victory; yet it is correct to say that, when the armies of the Allies were in dire need, it was given to America to hurl against the enemy her fresh, brave forces, and to turn the tide of conflict. Much more is it true that, while our sister churches in Protestant lands arE' depleted of men and of money, it is given to the American Church, with her unhoundecl resources, now to move forward with triumphant confidence, to unite the followers of Christ and to achic've thE' evangelization of the world.

ORIF,NTAL STUDENT CONVENTION, TROY, N. Y

The Problem of Asiatics in America BY CHARLES DuBOIS HURREY, NEW YORK General Secretary of the Committee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students T HE eyes of Asia are upon Arneric.a. One hundred and fifty new students from China have recently landed in San ]lrancisco; two hundred and fifty Filipino students are en route to this land that opened the doors of opportunity for them; each ship from Japa·n is bringing a delegation of her student sons, increasing the student representation of the Japanese Empire in the United States by at least three hundred this year,-a significant fact due to the .recent additional appropriation of 40,- 000,000 yen for education. Eagerness for study in America is widespread in India, Ceylon and Siam. Truly the eyes of Asia are upon us,-eyes of disappointed and grieved Chinese; of jealous and suspecting Japanese.; of suffering and appealing Koreans; of admiring and wondering Hindus; of grateful and longing Filipinos.

rrhere is no concealing the deep hurt and bitter disappointment experienced by the Chinese. They feel that their best friend has forsaken them; that their contribution to the cause of the Allies has been in vain because the principle that "might makes right" has been vindicated and that, therefore, the only reasonable thing for Ohina to do is to begin at once the creation of a mighty military machine with which to defend her rights. Here are quotations from some of the ablest Ohristian Ohinese students assembled in national conventions III September at Oolumbus, Ohio, and Troy, New York: 920 "American Christianity is superficial and feeble; the Christian religion is being exploited for selfish ends; American preachers, with apparently untroubled conscience, stand in their pUlpits decorated with the flags of autocratic monarchies and preach sermons on democracy. Our Christianity must be higher than the American. Russian Bolshevism has shown the world a higher type of Christianity than the complacent nominal American Christian has exhibited. China has been too polite in the past and unpatriotic. Crippled by internal strife and threatened by an external enemy China. has done the best she 'could for the cause of the Allies. When we entered the war we were told that it was to right the wrongs of Europe and in defense of weaker nations,-why, then, is thIs great wrong done to emr country?"

In discussing relations between China and .Japan from the Christian viewpoint, these students declare; "That Japan is trying to keep China weak and divided; "Jap'an wants to be boss; "China does not resent the Japanese developing our industries, but we do resent her dominating them; "Japanese militarists are promising the mass of their people great relief if the province of Shantung can be occupied. "Christ taught that we should love our neighbor and our enemy,- but he also taught that we should not oppress nor exploit. "W'e should try to understa:nd Japan's problems; she needs territory; America has closed the door to her people and she can only expand ih our direction. "We should pray more for Japan than we do for China. "We are much to blame for our present sad condition becau8e we have allowed our own corrupt officials to sell out our best interests."

Many Japanese students frankly express the feelings of jealousy and suspicion' regarding America which are widespread among their people. They say; "America does not understand our problems; according to a 'Gentlemen's agreement" the doors of the United States are barred to Japanese immigration. American interests are eager to develop the resources and industries of China, but at the same time they would restrain Japan from gaining larger influence in Chinese territory. By sending out mission- 921

aries you profess to be desirous of hE'lping us meet the unusual spiritual needs of the hour, but your government not only legislates against our interests abroad but fails utterly to help us readjust ourselves to the new demands of demccracy. Our people are alert and progressivc; there is overcrowding and thousands are looking for a place to live; our manufacturers are searching for a market for their products and in their hearts they are saying to America,–'lf you cannot help us then do not hinder us.' "

Taught by missionari( s to be lieve in justice and fair play between nations, the Korean people are turning their appealing eyes toward the Christian leaders of America. There can be no doubt that they are sufferinr; greatly under the oppression of a stern, milita,ry power; their integrity as a nation has been destroyed; freedom of speech and of the press and of travel are denied them; students must abandon the study and use of their own language and are denied the privilege of study in the United States. It is only natural that their r<>presentatives should cry out to Christian America,-·" You, who profess to represent the Saviour of Man- kind, why do you not hElp us now f"

Students from India admire our democratic institutions and the wonderful opportunities for success which all enjoy, but they too are wondering whether by our rush and drive and preoccupation with material development we are really advancing civilization as much as the deep-thinking meditative men of India are doing. They are asking,~" Do you people really know what prayer is ~ Can you find and maintain peace by organization and military trainingf Do you really bdieve that the white race is superior to colored races in soul quality ~"

Over five hundred Filipino students in the United States are loudly praising the efforts of America on behalf of their people, but they make no attempt to conceal their deep longing for complete political independence. We hear them say,-"Your money and genius have given the Philippines more advancement and prosperity in twenty years than they had gained and enjoyed in all their past history, but now let the crowning achievement of your administration be the granting us full rights of self-government."

The presence of the Asiatic in America is not in itself a menace, but the congregating among us of any considerable number of those who are physically diseased, morally corrupt or mentally deficient might easily become a curse. Happily the danger of such a calamity is very remote, and by our attitude as Christian people we can see that the men and women of Asia who live among us shall enrich our economic, intellectual and spiritual life.

The Christianization of Chinatown in San Francisco or New York will help spread Christian truth throughout China, and our efforts to live the Christian message in colonies of Japanese, and

THE PROBLEM OF ASIATICS IN AMERICA

Hindus in America will deepJy influence the reception of Christ's teaching in their native lands.

In facing the challenge presented by students and others from Asia now resident within our borders let us freely acknowledge our mistakes. We admit that we have generally been more zealous to promote denominationalism than to present Christ in our approach to Ohinese and Japanese colonies; we are genuinely sorry for the waste and confusion which have resulted; further, we recognize that our preaching is often vitiated by the unchristian treatment of Asiatics within a stone's throw of our churches. ,Ve confess in shame that too often we have assumed an attitude of superiority in our condpscending missionary work among the "heathen. "

For these sins let us ask forgiveness and now resolve that henceforth we will: 1. Seek the acquaintance of our friends from Asia in a brotherly fashion. 2. Endeavor to win to Christ some doubting Oriental student.

3. Open our homes to these promising student leaders, now so far away from their own home circles.

4. Battle consistently against race prejudice and discrimination on the part of American Christians. 5. Invite Oriental students to assist us by giving talks and enter- tainments in our churches, Sunday-schools and missionary societies. 6. Enlist educated Orientals in practical service among their own people in the teaching of English and elementary subjects, health talks, thrift campaigns, leadership of boys' clubs. etc.

7. Offer employment to help those students who must earn part of their own support. 8. Interpret the meaning of Christmas and Easter by arranging social and religious gatherings for Oriental people in our churches and homes. 9. Endeavor to win for Christian life work some of the most promising Oriental student leaders. .

10. Present a book or pamphlet to some discouraged or aspiring youth which may introduce him to the riches of the Scrip- tures.

In the past, America has bepn rpgarded by the Orient as a land of freedom, opportunity and Christian democracy. Let us hope that leaders in the Chur(,h will not permit the forfeiting of this high degrep of confidencp through any neg]pct or hypocrisy in our dealing with Oripntns.

A Woman Doctor's Opportunity in

BY DR. ELIZABETH G. LEWISc AMBALA CITY, INDIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

I F you stood by the shore of a great pool of water in which a thousand children were struggling and gasping for life and you were able to save only one, would you call it an opportunity or a tragedy7 Oh! women physicians of America, come over and help us make an opportunity out of this great suffering tragedy in India!

It is a June day in the Panjab with a wind blowing so hot, so dusty, so life-taking that the street-dogs refnse to be driven from the shelter of the compound. They fear our sticks less than they fear the scorching heat. The women who have come miles with babies who wail and fret and refuse to lift their faces to the light are restless and impatient to get back to their mud huts. I wish you could see th('m as they push and crowd and again and again are driven back hy tll(' woman who guards thf' gatf'.

"Sit down.. Give the Miss Sahiba air. Can't you see she can only give medicine to one at a time?"

So they come-Jannat who can scarcely lift her dark chaddar away from her poor eyes, so sensitive is she to the light-Fatima who crawls and hobbles to yom feet-Pajiihf whose one desire in life is to have a child.

(There are so many Pajabfs. They will undergo any kind of treatment, op<:'ratiyp OJ' othprwi~(' if YOU ill hut prornisp a son!) Nasibau has a long tale to tpll. Shp has begun perhaps a dozen times, leaning far over the railing to get in front of the . other women, interrupting each time she is able to get her face a little hearer than the patient you are treating. She wants to tell you all about herself and he1' ~Ulcestors and, standing quiptly at your elbow is Sakima, a bahy hiddrn in her" chaddar." You suddenly realize that Sakimahas been waiting a long time. You turn and rpach for lwr dispmsary slip. Quickly she slips the chaddar off the babv's face.

"Ankh' nale kan," sl1(' says laconically. "Eyes and ears" and one glance shows you pus running from ears and eyes swollen and red. Little Sardar Begam presents a hottle that could not possibly hold more than a teasponful with the request for 10tio11 to bathe six pairs of eYPR, while Radia demandR a quart of nwdicine worth rupees ten to the ounce. Azzizan has come twenty miles in an ox cart and she begs you on her knees, clinging to your feet to take a knife and rpmove from 924 her abdomen a tumor which in size rivals a Kansas squash and al- low her to return to her "tiny, tiny, children" that very night. When you tell her she must stay in hospital for three weeks she unties a corner of her torn and dirty chaddar and carefully ex- tracts a four-anna bit hoping to bribe you into consenting to do this little thing for her.

Azziz Begam, clear of skin, beautiful to look upon, stands by, catching up her gauzy, iridescent draperies with a tinkle of silver bracelets. She wants you to remove a wart from her finger but you must not cut her nor put on any medicine that hurts. After much coaxing, explaining and making of promises the tiny wart is touched with caustic and Azzlz Begam makes place for a shy, young thing who whispers to you that a "two months' hope" has vanished away leaving her very miserable and full of pain.

Make way for a stretcher case! They have been traveling all night. Take her at once to the operating room. In fifteen min- utes the thing is done but another little life is gone that need not have gone had there been any help near by.

Who does the medical and surgical work in India ~ A few names an' famous. ThlTe are certain centers where in season people flock in thousands for cataract and other special operations. The British Government has done wonders in placing hospitals for both men and women. The various missions have hospitals in many places and I have been astonished to see how far from overcrowded many of these hospitals are. We read of medical mis- .sions in India and picture women's hospitals too full to shut the doors, of women begging for op0ratjons, women begging to have their children treated. The need is greater and more fundamental than an over- crowded hospital. It is too often the doctor Miss Sahiba who is doing the begging. She is begging women to accept health at her hands. She is entreating men to let their wives stay in: hospital until they are cured. She is pleading with mothers to come into hospital and let the babies' lives be saved. I have known a missionary doctor to walk the streets of the village trying to coax the sick to take her medicine when no one came to her dispensary. That same doctor, MisR Sahiba has a full hospital today.

Some hospitals pay the women for coming in for their confinements.

Medical women in India must bo both physicians and surgeons and if, as is often the case, they are alone in a hospital they have to specialize in every branch, especially eye and gynecology.

As a rule chronic cases come to hospital rather than acute ones. Hence an epidemic of plague, cholera, small-pox or influenza may mean empty hospitals and patients dying in their homes.

Gynecological cases are in the majorit~T anil tpese poor WOU1eli will

undergo any length of treatment, medical or surgical. Hence the opportunity for pelvic surgery is almost unlimited. The women are learning rapidly bow much benefit can come from operative treatment and strange to say they have little fear of taking chloroform. So opportunities for surgical work are multiplying by leaps and bounds and whrn one contemplates the size of the field and the limited number of workers it may well make any surgically ambitious American woman spize a sralprl and book her baggage for India.

In my judgment the largest field and perhaps the most discouraging is that of obstetrics. Here we try to put our finger on the most vital and sensitiye point in all Indian woman's life. She lives for three things-to bear rhildrpn, to eat, and to sleep, and it is not chance that makes me place the childhearing first. She herself is willing to sacrifice eyerything for that. She is full of weird ideas and customs, and places her faith not on any new fangled Doctor Miss Sahiba, but on the omnipotent and omnipresent dhai or midwife. Go where you will you will always find the drai preceding you, leaving a trail of fever and inflammation.

The dispensary patients' begin tlJPir complaints with "'rhe dhai told me this and that," etc. Called to the home no dhai is to be seen hut they tell you that since the dhais haye been unable to help them they have called you.

The dhais may be indigpnous, meaning professional dhais born to their position just as dhabis and sais!'s and khansaumans are all laundry men, groomR and cookR.-bpcauRe thpir fathers are. These dhaais may bp trained or untrained. Government, especially in the Panjab, is trying with money and with patience to train all dhais away from the barbarous cu::;toms of their forebears. .

But it is slow work! They do not wish to learn and the prospective mothers do not care whether they learn or not. Hence, an untrained dhai is often raIled in prefpreTlcP to a traiTlrd one, be- cause her fee will be smaller. What part does a woman physician play in this sad drama T She may be called "the last resort." She takes over a small percentage of abnormal cases. The rest die. But the future has work in store, an enormous task These dha-is simply must be trained and trained well and it means years and years of deter- mined effort. The time will come whpl1 Indian dhais can take their place among the world's professional women, but it will only come by the self-sacrifice and perseverance of women physicians and trained nurses. At present they are an illiterate group of dirty, superstitious old women, often blind and sick, and the only Indian women today capable of handling properly a normal, midwifery case,

A WOMAN DOCTOR'S OPPORTUNITY IN INDIA

are the non-indigenous, usually Christian women, who have taken the regular course of training in medicine and surgery, midwifery and nursing in one of the established hospitals, and these women are too few even to fill the vacancies in our hospitals and dis- pensaries, let alone touching the great mass of humanity in their homes.

Speaking of training of dhais, makes me think of the need of sub-assistant surgeons and nurses. It is pressing. Who is going to help train them'

Gray's Anatomy is with us in India. Come on over and help us learn itl The rule in India is one medical woman to a hospital and that means" she runs the whole show." She is hospital superintendent, matron, head-nurse, undertaker, preacher and the entire board of directors in one. It is a very poor rule and will be changed.

A few women are in private practice, not connected with a hospital, mostly in the large cities, Bombay or Calcutta. Their practice is largely consultatory. 'l'hey are called in by men phy- sicians to see and examine parda nishins whom the men cannot see. They are expected to state their findings and are not asked to prescribe nor to follow up the case. The time is of course coming, when fuller confidence will be placed upon them and nor- mal medical practice can be established.

The need for medical women in India is much more than an opportunity. It is a triple necessity. First, we must convince the women that they need help. It is simply appalling how they sit in filth and ignorance· and in disease, and never dream that any thing could be different.

Second, we must be ready to give the help when they come for it, and oh, the hours in the dispensary, and the fast flying hours in the operating room where the good old U. S. A. smell of ether is 'usually only chloroform!

And third-wait, don't be in a hurry for third! It is such a sad third, this great army of incurables! Cancer, tuberculosis, deformities! They cling to your feet. They throng the hospital.

They offer you bribes from a pice to a thousand rupees!

God grant clearness of vision to every doctor Miss Sahiba in India to see beyond the "Gate," and courage of heart to hold these poor unfortuuates lovingly by the himd until they have passed through.

Do not come for money or for fame, but if you can come for love of Christ and humanity, come quicldy. There a,re so :wany waiting for you! -. .

and Religious Conditions in

BY REV. C. J. L. BATES, TOKYO, JAPAN I N 1910 Marquis Okuma wrote in his "Fifty Years of New Japan," "The old religions and old morals are steadily losing their hold, and nothing has yet arisen to take their places." President lbuka of the Meiji Gakuin, one of the leading Chris- tian educators in Japan, wrote in 1P~_f, "With the influx of western thought, not only have the ethical maxims that ruled the life of old Japan to a great extent lost their former power of command, but the foundations of the old systems have been shaken and new foundations have not yet been securely laid."

A student of the Higher Normal School of Hiroshima, who called on me at my home in Kobe, brought a bundle of English books, among which were Carlyle's French Revolution, a volume of George Bernard Shaw, a volume of Maeterlinck, and two or three other modern works of literature. He was a very intelligent fellow, and before long, we were discussing the deepest problems of morals and religion. Suddenly he said, "Sir, I think that morality is not necessary. It is only a prison house to bind us. All we need to do is to live from our sincere heart."

Thus, in rather quaint English, this young man gave expression to the characteristic mood of the Japanese student classes of today. It is the result of a reaction against the severe restraints of the old .rapanese systems, and of the influx of European naturalistic and materialistic art and literature. The religious and moral life of the old Japan was expressed in the four systems known as Shinto, Buddhism, Confucianism and Bushido, the former two being more largely religious, and the latter two more purely ethical. In fact. in these four we find the religious element in decreasing, and the moral element in increasing ratio.

SHINTO is the systematization of certain naIve old Japanese religious ideas and practices, under the influence of Chinese philosophy and literature, which entered Japan in the early centuries of the Christian era. It is a purely national religion found only in Japan, and is based npon nature worship centered in the Sun, which in Japanese tradition was personified as a female deity, and was recognized as the progenitor of the Imperial family. To this nature worship was added a worship of heroes and ancestors.

S}1i.do emphasizes cleanliness of body and soul, and inculcates patriotism and loyalty, but it has no code of merals. This was regarded by the great Shinto scholar of the eighteenth century, 928 Motoori, as a mark of its superiority. .' Systems of morals," he said, "were invented by the Chinese, because the Chinese are a people without morals. But in Japan there is no necessity for a system of morals; for every Japanese will do right, if only he consults his own heart."

This naIve conceit must not be regarded as the deliberate judgment of the Japan('se at large, for they accepted Chinese ethics, and, for centuries, made them the basis of their moral cul- ture.

Shinto is highly polythristic, and teaches that the gods of heaven and earth watch the conduct of men, rewarding the good and punishing the evil. It also inculcates a belief in the reality of the soul and of its existence beyond the grave.

BUDDHISM has to a far greater extent ministered to the religious life of Japan than Shinto. It entered Japan in the sixth century, coming first from Korea and later from China. Japanese Buddhism belongs to the northern school, the so-called "Mahayana," or Greater Vehicle. In Japan, it is popularly considered as of two kinds, "jirki" and "tariki," meaning "selfpower" Buddhism, and "other power" Buddhism, referring to the method by which salvation is secured. The former is salvation through one's own power by means of meditation, which is taught and practiced by the Zen sects. The latter is salvation by means of faith in "Amida" Buddha, and is taught and practiced in the great Hongwanji sects, whose magnificent temples in Kyoto challenge the admiration of visitors from allover the world.

The former type is truer to original Buddhism. It reveres the historical founder, Gautama, but is without any definite thought of God. The latter is so different that it would seem more appropriate to call it Amidaism. It not only reveres but elevates to a position of supreme deity Amitabha Buddha, who, according to tradition in the remote past, when about to enter into his rest, made the great vow that he would not enter into the full bliss of Buddhahood until he had made provision for the salvation of all who would call upon his name. He remained true to his vow and, after many incarnations of self-sacrificing lives, he finally succeeded in heaping up so much merit that he became the great Amitabha Buddha of Eternal Life and Light, who offers to every man birth into his pure land of bliss.

In this highly developed doctrine of salvation by faith in " Amida, " Japanese Buddhism has traveled a long way from the atheistic religion of self-salvation, preached by the Indian saint Siddhartha. This later type of Buddhism, which holds the allegiance of the vast majori'ty of Japanese Buddhists, approximatesRo remarkably to Christianity that some are cnnvinced that there must· have been some historic connection. It makes room for the

God idea and teaches salvation by faith into a future life where the indiVidual retains his identity, and is not merely absolved into Nirvana. It is indeed a schoolmaster to lead the nation to Christ.

As a leading Japanese Christian scholar said to the writer some years ago; "Buddhism reveals the needs of the human heart, but Christianity alone is able to meet those needs."

Buddhism has a strong hold upon the unf.ducated and ignorant classes because of its emphasis upon salvation as a way of escape from this evil world, which it likens to "a house on fire," but it has little to offer as a system of morals for the life that now is, and hence has not greatly influenced the moral life of the educated classes.

CONFUOIANISM is regarded, not as a religion, but as ethical culture. During the feudal period Buddhism was established in Japan as the authorized religion, and the Chu Hsi School of Con- fucianism as the authorized system of moral culture. The great exponent of this school in Japan was Fujiwara Seika, who was born in 1561. He renounced Buddhism and gave himself wholeheartedly to the study and exposition of the Chu Hsi Commentaries on Confucianism. He recognized Heaven as supreme and emphasized virtue, the central idea being loyalty to one's rulers. Doubtless because of his emphasis on loyalty and conformity to regulations, his type of Confucianism was accepted and authorized by the rulers.

A century later a very different type of Confucianism arose, which was founded on the teaching of the Chinese philosopher, Wang Yang Ming. The great Japanese exponent of this school was Nakae Toju, the Sage of Omi. Nakae believed in God, sometimes calling Him" Heaven" and sometimes "the Supreme Ruler," describing God as transcendental, yet dwelling in the soul of man. He made a religious view of the universe foundational to his ethical teaching, in which conscience was central, and filial piety the supreme virtue.

Confucius has had a great day in Japan and has left a great legacy. It is recognized, even today, as having made the greatest contribution to Japanese ethics. The Imperial Rescript on Education, which forms the basis of moral teaching in the schools, was founded on Confucian lines.

Nevertheless, Confucius' day has passed. A few years ago Professor T. Inoue, the foremost philosophical critic in Japan, wrote an article on the Renaissance of Confucianism, which was in vogue some ten years ago. In it he defined the strong points of Confucianism as: (1) Being without superstition and withOut belief in miracles, (2) Teaching moderation as based on common sense, and (3) Being concerned with this world; and its weak points as: (1) Obscurity of the sense of individuality, (2) Lack

MORAL AND RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN JAPAN

of teaching as to the rights of man, (3) Lack of philosophical ideas,(4) Lac.k of scientific knowledge, (5) Reverence for the past without desire for development in the future, and (6) Imperfection as to public virtue. Despite the weakness of Confucianism, it was Dr. Inoue's opinion that the this-worldly form of morality, which was characteri:>tic of Confucianism, would be the future form of morality. In this we have not only a commentary on Confucianism but a re"cla~ tion of the attitude of one of the leaders of thought and most influential educators in modern Japan.

JAPAN AND THE WEST W#h the opening of Japan to foreign intercourse in 1853, streams of influence rushed in from western lands as a veritable flood. Intercourse with foreign countries was not only permitted but encouraged, and, in accordance with the coronation oath of the· Emperor in 1868, Japan proceeded to seek for wisdom and knowledge throughout the whole world.

The democratizing of the armies and the schools, by the establishment of universal military service and education, laid the foundations for the marvelous change and progress which we have witnessed in the past half century. The masses of the people have been emancipatedj but at the same time the high standards of the ruling classes that characterized the "Samurai" have suffered.

Japan is being commercialized through her contact with the West. The" Narikin," the parvenu of Japanese business, is the ideal of the youth of Japan today. "How to get rich" is the all-absorbing ambition of the great majority of Japanese young men.

Contact with the West has also led to the deterioration of Japanese artistic and literary standards. Quantity rather than quality is the watchword of production, and continental naturalism has been the most potent influence. Contact with Russian officers and soldiers during the Russo-Japanese war opened the way to a flood of Russian, French and German naturalistic literature that has been the bane of the students of Japan for the past decade. At the same time reaction from the severe social restraints of the past, which kept good women in the background and excluded them from the society of men, is bringing movements which are alarming not only to the more conservative, but also to the most liberal.

Japanese women must be more completely emancipated, and be given larger freedom in the social and even political life of the country, as well as large freedom in the selection or rejection of candidates for their hearts. But with the present chaotic condi-

tion in tl).e realm of moral and relgious ideas, liberty too often is license. One of the most alarming tendencies of the times in Japan is the decline in the spirit of reverence which was once so character" istic. Reverence for parents, for teachers, and for rulers was formerly the prevailing spirit. With the growth of individualism and commercialism, self is looming larger on the horizon of Japan.

Fortunately for the political life, Japan in these days of transition, has had a worthy center of loyalty in the person of the Emperor. In her moral and religious life she needs just such a center of loyalty and authority. The greatest need of Japan today is a permanent unchanging moral and religious standard. The appalling fact is that ninety per cent of the graduates of the universities and colleges in Japan today are avowedly without religious faith. The makers of the Japan of the past fifty years believed in "Heaven" or "the Supreme Ruler." The coming makers of Japan are to an alarm- ing extent without belief of any kind in God. What kind of a Japan will these men make~ In her Constitution, granted by the Emperor in 1889, it is written, "Japanese subjects shall, within limits not prejudicial to peace and order, and not antagonistic to their duties as subjects, enjoy freedom of religious belief."

Shinto and Buddhism will not meet the needs of the new day in Japan. They strengthened the community and family life in Japan, and in their teaching of loyalty and filial piety have left an invaluable legacy. But there is needed today a religion that will recreate the individual heart, that will present an adequate standard of life.

Shortly after the Russo-Japanese war, Professor T. Inoue delivered an address on, "Religion after the War," in which he said that the religion of the future must be universal, moral and rational. These criteria represent the demand of the student mind in Japan today. Shinto and Buddhism cannot meet them. We must prove that Christianity can.

The universal intoxicating beverage in Japan is sake, as the universal non-intoxicating drink is tea. Sake is a clear yellow liquid, made from rice. It is sometimes called rice-beer, sometimes rice-brandy. It is a fairly strong liquor, but is free from drugs and adulterations, and, therefore, only moderately harmful in its effects on the system. In Japan even– one takes sake, at least nearly everyone who has gotten past childhood. The tax on sake produces an annual revenue of about Yen 100,000,000 ($50,000,000). In 1915 saM was manufactured to the amount of Yen 460,000,000 ($23,000,000) using rice to the value of Yen 48,000,000 ($24,000,000). It must be remembered that a dollar in Japan means as much in wages and in living expenses as five dollars in America. The ordinary laboring man is estimated to spend three yen a month on saM, or about one-sixth of his wages.

AT DANIEL'S HOME-BUILT BY THE PEOPLE IN CEN'l'RAL

An _African Autobiography A FRAGMENT BY DANIEL UHLANE. A CHRISTIAN CONVERT Presented by Rev. Donald Fraser. Nyasaland Chapter III-War After these alarms the elders of the village called me home to join a war party that was about to set out. So I left the mis- sion honse, and marched with the army.

This expedition had been called out by a man who had a quar- rel with his fellow villagers, and had come to the Ngoni to ask them to work out his revenge. He offered his services as a guide.

We made for Karonga, and spent ten days on the way, for it was our strategy to take a round about way so that the enemy might not hear of our coming. One day when we were building our sleeping sheds a cobra appeared in one of them. A witch- doctor was called, and he interpreted the omen in this way.

"Stop, this is good luck. You will also find an elephant in a game-pit on the path that leads to the lake. These are Chipatula and his son who go along with you." .

Then we rejoiced to know that our father was with us. And 933

indeed in the morning we did find an elephant in a game-pit, and took its tusks with us. Mter we had passed Nkata, and knew that we were getting near Karonga, we traveled only by night. Arriv- ing before the village we were to attack, we found that no. one suspected our approach. As the dawn broke we saw the village headman lifting up the stakes that had been placed in the path, lest his own people should receive a hurt from them. Then he entered the village, and returned with a pot of beer, and placed it outside the stockade. (This is a shameful story. But in these days. people lay in wait for their fellows as if they were wild game of the bush.) So he opened the village gate, and left it standing- open.

In that stockade many were slain. The chief, Karonga, fled to a neighboring hill. Girls, boys, and men were blotted out, but some were saved alive to be slaves, and were marched forth in the midst of the regiments. When we came to our booths, the slaves were divided out among the claimants, but the village was burned to ashes. Some of the people had fled to another stockade near Mbwana; further south, and there remained two days only, for the Ekwendeni regiments followed, and the refugees found there was no salvation for them.

We now returned home, and while we were still on the road, messengers were sent ahead to the chief to tell him that the army was approaching. They only told the chief's head wife and in- duna, and then returned to the army. As the fighters approached the chief's village, each one who had killed a man plastered his body and face with white clay, and those who had only wounded, plastered the right arm and one side of the face.

On my return I entered school again. But the school did not flourish in those days, for we were too occupied with war-war that slays men made in the image of God.

We had only been back a short time when again we heard the herald's call, "Uyezwana T", and then the summons to gather, and prepare food for the journey. .

This time we assembled at Solola hill, and there having built our sheds we waited the coming of the other regiments. When all had arrived, the great induna of the army, Msukuma Ndhlovu, sent out his heralds to proclaim: "Uyezwana 7 Tomorrow we go forth."

Then all the regiments got their loads together, and the free- born girls who were with us carried their calabashes of beer. Thus we marched across the Belele marsh. But here an angry quarrel broke out between the Moho regiments and those of Embangweni.

The dispute was over the right of precedence in following the companies from the royal village. We claimed first place, and so did Embangweni, but the induna decided that we should follow the

AN AFRICAN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

royal village, and then Embangweni, the Eutini, then Ekwendeni, and so on.

We marched across the Lundazi, where the Government station is now, and descended to Kazembe, but pll.ssed these villages for they paid tribute to the Ngoni. At last we came to Chipemhere. On the way we saw many elephants. The general ca:lled up th~ witch-doctors to explain why these elephants had passed through the chief's army, for there were witch-doctors accompanying us. They gave this meaning to the omen.

"As great as has been the number of elephants which have passed through the army, so great will be the number of captives that you will take. But sacrifice first the gnats you seized at Solola to the spirit of Zungwendaba [the reigning chief's father], that he may lead to victory the army of his child."

That evening all the men gathered and worshipped. Next morning the heralds proclaimed, "Uyezwana! Cook now, for tomorrow the army will attack the stockade of Chipembere." Then the air was filled with smoke, for the booths of the army stretched out in a line for about four miles. When we had eaten, we slept near a river Mangalozi, and when the cocks began to crow, the army flowed round the stockade like water. . Soon two men came from the village, going forth in the morning to hunt game. They passed right into the midst of the army suspecting nothing. For we had not begun to beat our shields, as the command had not been issued. They saw the general walking about among the regiments in hiding, and quickly it dawned on them that the Ngoni were there,' and they cried out. Then the general shouted, "Catch them." Immediately the army hearing the general's voice, believed that he had commanded to assault, and raising one yell together, and blowing their pipes, they rushed to the attack. The village was taken without much loss to us, only about ten men being killed. I had a narrow escape from being wounded, but the arrow that was aimed at me was caught on my shield. Msukuma now ordered the army to withdraw, for there were still four stockades to assault, and the river before us was full of crocodiles. Besides we now heard the beating of drums in Chipembere's village, and the alarm cries of the women. So all the regiments were ordered to approach the chief's village. We sat down surrounding the stockade. Above us great numbers of human heads were transfixed on the poles of the palisade. These were the heads of the Ngoni army of Mpezeni, who had attacked this stockade and had been defeated. I counted thirty heads on the stakes above me. When Msuknma saw this ghastly sight, he ordered us to re-

tire a little, lest our courage should melt away when we saw these heads. So we waited till about nine 0 'clock. Then the warriors murmured, saying, "Why have you left us under these slaves ¥ What are we waiting for1 Why are we sitting staring at one anotherT Let us fight at once."

Soon after ten 0 'clock the general ordered us all to st"and up ",ith our shields in our hands. Then he passed through the regiments giving them their places, while they shouted their defiant war-cries, "Mosi! Mo!", "Mwana mwana Kwichi!", "Nkabi! Nkabil Nkabil".

At last he cried: II Charge as one man."

With a shout the regiments rushed forward. But out from the stockade burst a volley of gun-fire. The bullets pierced the shields, and the bodies of the Ngoni.

This was bad for us Ngoni. Our fellows fell around us. Many were killed. We did not even touch with our hands that stockade of Chipembere.

The general now ordered us to retire, and while we rested a little he worshipped, and then ordered another assault, but with· a like deadly result. A third time we charged, but only to see . our men killed. Thirty of them were now lying dead.

Again the general worshipped the ancestral spirits, and then said to all the regiments, "Are you afraid?" They answered, "We fear nothing. We don't wish the heads of our men to be transfixed on poles. Let us charge again, and if anyone wishes to run away, he is no man of Mombera." So we rushed with one mind right into the heart of the village. Down had come the stockade, and in a moment we were within. Now the danger increased, and I was almost killed. A bullet from a gun smashed my spear, and passed through my left arm. But my life was saved for the bullet had spent its force on my spear. Had it not hit my spear, I should have been killed. A huge number of men and women were slain in Chipembere's, for the army had completely surrounded the stockade. The captives raised a great cry for the dead, and the army retained their wailing as a song which they chanted on their return. When the chief heard the news of the army, and all that had been done by the way, he smeared himself with black and white medicines, and came forth to see his soldiers. Then they reported to him the names of those of each regiment who had been the first to enter the stockade. The first was presented with an ox. The second with the hind leg of an ox, the third with the fore leg. I received the ox. Then the chief derided the elder warriors, because

AN AFRICAN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

they had allowed a mere child to go before them. When I rose and danced before him, he gave me further presents.

Chapter IV-An Awakening Mind Now I must cease to speak of war. I said that I was tn danger when the bullet struck me, but I had met a greater danger, in that I had given up school for war, and I was leading many lads astray. For it was a shameful thing not to be a reputed fighter, and the girls did not love a coward.

"If we marry a coward," they said, "who will help us with our work, our grinding, and our cooking1 The fighter gets slaves, and these will be our helpers. " So girls came to our village to be my wives. But my heart had no desire for them. I sent other girl messengers to them. to say that I did not wish to marry yet. I wanted to be a warrior, and feared if I married my power would vanish. This I did ten times.

Some of the elders then began to hate me, because I refused to have their daughters as my wives. But as for the lads, their sole desire was to be fighters, so they would have nothing to do with school. They said, "See Mtusu, [Daniel's early name] he has great reputation with the chief. Don't let us be silly by going to school."

Alas! I destroyed many souls that God woUld have drawn to Himself. I But a great thing happened to Daniel Mtusu.

One day I was sitting in the boys' house alone whE'n I remembered my Testament. I opened the basket in which it was kept, and taking the book, began to read in the Gospel of Mark. When I came to Chapter 1 verse 15, I heard these words, "The time is ful- filled, and the Kingdom of God is at hand. Repent ye and believe in the Gospel." I only understood a little these words, "The time is fulfilled,"

What was the meaning of "is fuIfilled"T I began to think, "Is this why the white man is saying that God desires our hearts that we may know Him T" It was Saturday when I thought of these words. But all this time I hated going to church to worship on the Sabbath. Next morning I saw the white flag that told us' that the day was Sabbath, so I rose and went to worship in the church. That day Dr. Elmslie was preaching from John 10:9, "I am the door, by me if any man enter in he shall be saved." These words entered my heart, and I was startled. I said: "Here is a great thing, greater than everything else, I must try to find out what this big thing is."

On Monday I went to the Europeans and said, "I want to teach in· school. ' , "All right," they answered, "Teach in the school at your own place Chinyera."

So on that day I entered on the work of teaching. But I wanted far more to be taught than to teach, so that I might understand those words of Mark 1 :10, and .John 10 :9. They stuck to me, and I wanted to find out what this big thing was.

One day we had a great dispute about the things that had been taught on Sabbath. We were speaking about the death of Jesus Christ. Some said, "This man Jesus whom the Europeans talk about as dying, died for the white man."

I answered, "You lie; that is not how it is. Jesus is the Son of God. God sent His Son into the world to die for the white men. They came to tell us the words they have received from God. Then when the late Mtusane died, he died for us Ngoni that we might worship our Mtusane.

Mtnsane will bring our message to Jesus, and Jesus will tell them to God His Father."

The dispute grew hot, alld at length we said, "Let us go to tbl' white man, and ask him."

So we went to the mission house and asked there. "You are all wrong," they said, "Mtusane was only a man, and he had not such authority. But Jesus is God and He died for us all, white and black alike." When they had finished speaking, I remembered John 10 :9, and I said to myself, "Does He ask that I should go to His dood He must be very gracious, if He thinks of black people. May I come to His door! How I wish I could see Him!"

Now I began to love being near the teachers, and I separated myself greatly from my fellows. Every day I returned very late to the boys'house, and all the villagers began to ask, "Why is it that when there is so much fighting, we do not see you' Have you become a slave of the white man T" I could only sit silent with shame. Sometimes my spirit rose within me to start off again to the wars. But in the mornings I always found mys,elf making my way back to the Europeans.

One day I took my gt;ln and went to shoot guinea fowl. When I arrived at the Kasitu river I killed ten wild ducks, and then having cleaned my gun, returned, and passed through the village of Chivnkutu Baloyi. Just as I got to the outskirts I heard Chivnkutu's induna, crying from the top of an ant-hill: "Muyezwana 7 Why are you sitting still. Maheyn has died at Moho." Then I saw the people moving out of the village with their shields, and saying:

AN AFRICAN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

"Let us make for Chinyera, and kill the people there, together with the white men."

I threw away my birds, and ran home with all speed and told Matandane [the other Kaffir teacher]. He climbed on to the top of a food-shed, and saw a war party approaching. Seizing his box, he fled for the hill Chituntali, calling out.

"Wait a bit, and you'll see how I shall shoot when they come up." We were rather surprised at him, but our wonder was greater when we saw the whole of the warriors scattering, for no cause that we could see. Some were even throwing away their shields and spears. Mterwards we heard how as they approached the mission house the glass windows were shining brightly in the sun. The men had never seen glass, and they cried out, "The house has turned into water. These people are wondermakers. " And in their awe the indunas came to make their peace with the Europeans.

But these marvels only isolated us Moho people from the rest of the tribe more than ever. No place was allowed for us in the common gatherings.

One day some Moho people crossed the Titimira stream to visit their friends. On their return a number of men lay in wait for them, and killed one of them, just because of our friendship with the European. Another day the same people killed yet another of our fellow villagers for the same reason. They accused us of having allowed the white men to settle in the country. They said, "you could have killed them, when you met them on the path at their coming. But now that they have settled among us they are constantly saying that we must give up raiding. They are bringing us all to poverty. Our wives are broken down with the hard work of drawing water and fetching firewood." So we Moho people became strangers to our own tribe, and the stigma is on us still. Now that the British Government has come into the land, we are accused of having invited them, and of having received money from them.

But we take comfort from the story of Jericho. For Rahab befriended the spies, and though she was a wicked woman, when the walls fell she was not forgotten. She alone was left in peace. The soldiers, perhfLps did not know about her, but the captain Joshua had not forgotten her friendliness to his messengers.

To return to niy story. After I had been teaching for a short time I was very glad when the Europeans called us to Njuyu to be taught there. At first I was the only one called, but afterwards another followed. Then we were each paid six yards of calico. We had no idea at that time of the values of money. On our way home carrying our calico my companion said,

"Let us sit down, and spread out our cloth th~t we may see it. " Thi's was done.

"See now," he said, "they have given us this calico, but we brought nothing to buy it. Let us show it to our elders that they may know that we are in disgrace with the Europeans because we are in possession of cloth that we did not buy. We shall be in difficulties if our elders refuse to pay up for our quarreL"

"If you know that this is how the matter lies," I said, "it would be better for us to go back now with the cloth, and return it to the Europeans. I don't want to be in disgrace because I have cloth which I did not buy. They gave it to us, we did not steal it."

" No, no," said my friend, "don't let us go back with the cloth. At Bandawe I saw a man going up to speak to the white man, and he set his dog on him to bite him." Just let us keep quiet. We won't tear up the cloth, only let our elders see it."

So home we went, and gave the cloth into the safe keeping of our parents.

Next morning I sought out my teacher Mr. Scott, and I asked him, "Why did you give us the cloth 1 Do you wish to buy sheep or goats with it, and bring them to you 1"

"When did I give it to you 1" he asked. "Yesterday you gave us each six yards." Then he roared with laughter. "No, no, my child," he said, "It's yours. You have been helping us to teach the children in school. That is your pay." Now I understood, and went and explained it all to my companion. Yet in spite of all this, we did not venture to divide that cloth for four months. Another story of my ignorance. It was about that time that we began to build a brick school at Chinyera. I am ashamed to tell the tale of my treatment of my teacher who tried to open my eyes to see the Bright and Morning Star. Mr. Charles Stuart was building the school, and he had chosen me to be a foreman to go with a band of men to get bark for binding the sca,ffolding. Twice I went out with my men and brought back bark. But there was a great noise of beer-drinking in my village. So I entered the house where the beer was. In the morning I had not been there, and my friends had set aside some beer for me. I drank until I was intoxicated, and then I forgot all about my work. I took up my "gubu," and climbing to the top of an ant-hill, I sat down, and began to sing. Now some people went to Mr. Stuart, and told him that Mtusu had left his work, and was sitting on an ant-hill, playing his "gu-bu" and singing. Mr. Stuart started off to see me, and cried out, "Come here." I laid down my "gubu," and came to him.

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"Why have you left your work, and why do you sit here idling?" he asked.

"I made two journeys, and am now drinking," I answered.

"I am sitting here because the beer is here."

"Clear out," said Mr. Stuart. "There is no more work for you. " And he took me by the scruff of the neck and ran me off.

But my temper was up, and I got hold of an axe, and deter- mined to cut at him with it. We had a fierce struggle, and I ran away.

When sense came back to me after the effects of the beer had passed, I saw the evil thing I had done to my teacher. Filled with shame I went to Mombera, the chief, and stayed there for four days until my mother came to fetch me back. Then I went to Mr. Stuart's house, and said to him, "Teacher, I have done you a great wrong. It was all because I was drunk."

He quickly answered, "Yes, you did wrong. Get back to your work." I So I started work again. But I am still filled with shame when I remember these things. Black fear gets hold of me lest these passions grip me again. Beer was my great enemy. I fear to touch it lest it steals my sense, and my life, and sends me back to serve the devil as his soldier. '

Chapter V-The Decision Althofigh I was a mission teacher, I was really a teacher of Satan. For in these days I was betrothed to five girls besides having the wife who is still with me. Here I am filled with wonder, for I was the most ignorant of men, yet God came to my ignorance using the simple ways for the ignorant. For though I taught I knew nothing.

Thus it was that one night in 1894, while I was asleep, these words came to me, "Daniel, how many wives have you?" I answered, "I have five girls betrothed to me, and one wife who is with me." Then the word said, "Stop." A second time I heard the word, "Daniel, how many wives have youT" "Five and the wife who is with me."

"Stop." Six times that night I heard the message, and when I had replied, the word said, "Stop." In the morning I told my wife about these matters. Then she knew that I wanted to leave off these girls, because of the words that had come to me in the night. So she said to me,

"If you renounce these girls, I shall go back to my own home. I don't want to cook and sweep alone. I refuse to do it." I ar- gued with her, but she only said, "No."

Now I was greatly troubled, and I wrote to Mawerera [the head teacher and the first Ohristian] asking him to try and instruct my wife, and I told him what had happened in the night. But although she was called by him, and taught by him, she refused to change her mind. She continued to say, "I will go back to my home, if Daniel gives up these girls."

This greatly depressed me, but I remembered the words of Matthew's gospel that a man's foes shall be those of his own household. Yet I could not get that word out of my mind, "Stop." I thought I should wait till I should see whether my wife would not change her intention. But the village elders confirmed her, for they had no wish to see me with only one wife.

At this time we had one child, Aaron, who was still a little distressed lest he should die. I was rea.ding about the works of Jesus Ohrist how He healed the sick, and raised the dead. I read baby. He became terribly ill, and my wife and I were greatly in the gospel of Luke, chapter 7, verses 1 to 10, but without much faith. I doubted and feared, yet wished with much wondering that He might hear my prayer. So o",?-e night, when we were broken down with the constant cries of the child, I said, "The child will die, but let me try to pray." To this my wife agreed, but she would not listen to my prayer. Indeed up to that night she had never prayed. I said, "If Thou didst so to the child of the centurion, and if Thou art the Author of everything, as it is taught us, then save my child quickly. If Thou wilt save this child, I will be thine, and my wife will be thine and the child will be thine. And so my wife and I shall have one mind, and I will renounce. those to whom I am be- trothed. Amen. "

We sat quietly, and then to my wonder, for it was not vex:y seemly, we both slept. A long sweet sleep came to us, and to the child also. As the dawn drew near I seemed to dream, and then wakened suddenly. I remembered the child and his great sickness, and I rose weeping, for I thought that the child had died while we slept. When I looked at him, the mother was still sleep- ing, and the baby was in a heavy sweat, the perspiration running like water on to the mat. But the life of the child had returned.

I took him up, and did not wait to blow up the fire. Then the mother wakened, and cried, "Is the child deaM Water has been pouring from him."

"Take the child," I replied, "He is alive. That water is his . sweat." She wept, and asked me to blow up the fire. I did so,

19191 AN AFRICAN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

and then we were able to look on our boy. We saw that he was well, and' we gave him milk, which he drank nicely.

I sat quiet, looking at my wife. At length she said, "I greatly erred about that dream of yours. And see the child has recovered because of your prayer. I shall stay with you, though you give up all the girls you have betrothed. Should my father and mother come to confirm me in myoId refusal, I shall answer them nothing. Serve God along with me."

So I prayed again, and said, "Now I know Thee, and I am Thine. I swear I will not leave Thee. Keep me till I rest in my grave. The child is Thine. Keep him till he grows to know Thee and to be Thy slave. Thou hast shown '1'hyself to me, the chief of sinners. I will be Thy slave forever."

That morning I went to Dr. Steele, and told him the whole story of my wife, and of the sickness of my child.

"Let us pray," he said. "All, no! you will pray."

So I prayed with a great peace in my heart, and then he prayed, and said, "Thou revealest Thyself by many ways. Thy paths we cannot measure. Be with him all the time, and with the child. Amen. " '

Now the marriages of these girls had been arranged by their parents, and they were about to be sent on to me, so I asked Dr.

Steele to help me when I told the parents that I would not have them. But he was not at all sure about my duty, and spoke hesi- tatingly about polygamy.

"No! no!," I cried. "All 'night long I struggled with that question, 'How many wives have you?' I cannot go back."

"Well," he said, "th~re is going to bea meeting of the mis- sionaries at Ekwendeni. Dr. Laws, and Dr. Elmslie are coming.

I shall speak with them, and if they agree that you should leave off these girls, I shall write you a letter at once. But if they agree with me you will also obey."

So I waited as my teacher had told me, and he went to Ekwen- denio On the fourth day he wrote to me to say that all the mis- sionaries agreed that I ought to do as I had determined. I sent off messengers to the parents of the girls at once, to tell them that they were not to send their daughters to me, for I did not wish to marry them. When the girls heard this they came to me, asking me if it was true that I had sent such a message to their fathers, and I told them, "Yes, it is true. Go away, and marry other husbands, but you won't marry me."

Then they all wept. It came of their ignorance. But I was set free, and the parents raised no objection, for I had not yet sent the cattle for the dowry. In those days, you understand, it

was the women who chose their husbands, and men who had a great reputation were picked by many girls.

Chapter VI-Baptism Now after some days had passed I asked for baptism, for at that time we had no catechumens' class. On the 5th of February, 1895, I was baptized. No others were received on that day but myself, and my child.

When the service was over I returned home with joy, and entering my house began to read in the Gospel of John. While I was still reading I saw a vision. I was not asleep, my eyes were open, and I saw a Person.

He said, "I am He in Whom you have believed. Yau need not ask. See, I am that Jesus Whom you have covenanted to serve and love." In the room there was a great light, and my heart was filled with a great joy. I began to sing the hymn, "Oome to Jesus just ilOW. Then I knew that I was with the li"ving Jesus, and my heart cried out that He might not leave me. I began to read in my Bible and see there the excellency of Jesus. I called to my brothers to come to my house that I might tell them the wonderful things of this Gospel that filled my heart.

Three of my brothers began soon after this to teach in school, and one who was a polygamist, began to put away his wives. So the goodness of God, when one was clinging to Him just a little, began to cleanse everything about one. So in our village people began to follow Ohrist, and my three brothers applied for baptism.

They were called to Mora, and there along with Jonathan Chirwa they were baptised. Oh the joy, when I saw my brothers entering on the good way! .

But the old people of the village were not pleased, and they said that Daniel is leading many astray, and they counted me as a murderer, a real murderer. Yet we had nothing but peace, though people said many things against us. Our hearts drew near to the gate of the knowledge of the sweetness of the Gospel. And there is nothing in the world that beats the sweetness of it.

Now I taught every. morning in the Chinyera school. At mid: day I went to Njuyu mission station to be taught there myself, and in the evening I taught in the Maumba school, and then returned home. This return journey in the evening was to prove a little dangerous to us. For one day when David and I were on our way home, a man met us on the path and warned us to be careful, for there were many who plotted to kill us, because we had taken up customs that were different from those of the country. "Beware,"

he said.

His words depressed us somewhat, for already others had been killed for this very reason. So I said to David,

AN AFRICAN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

"Come let us pray. God will deliver us so that no one will kill us. Let us sit down and have prayer."

So we spoke with God, and then I said, "Come along. What does it matter though danger appear.

God will protect us."* .

As we passed through Chiwazo's village we found that Muzi- kobola Jere was there along with a number of young men, drink- ing beer in a house. We had just gone beyond the confines of the village when we heard some one shouting, "Is it you who tell the people that they are not to become polygamists ~ You are ruining the chief's country," he said.

As soon as my friend heard these words, he bolted. .It was getting dark now, and some cried, "Let us kill him."

But the others protested, saying, "No, no. Let us thrash him soundly." So they beat me, and forced open my mouth, and fed me with spittle. The villagers thought I was killed, and they sent off to Njuyu to spread the news. My friend, too, confirmed it, for he told how he had seen me caught and threatened.

The affair roused the indignation of my fellow villagers, and they cried, "Come let us fight these people."

So they gathered in the night, and as they drew near they found me, and asked me all about my treatment, and I told thelllj in detail. They then surrounded the village under the leadership of Mawelera. We agreed not to use our spears to hurt anyone un- less we were attacked. We only wished to seize the cattle, and Mawelera warned us that in no case must any woman be hurt.

We drove the cattle from the kraal, and though the villagers at- tacked us, none of us were wounded, for they seemed to aim at our bodies with their clubs, and not at our heads.

Next day they went off to Mperembe (the late chief's brother), and told him how the people of Moho had entered their village.

Mperembe expressed great surprise at this, "for," he said. "all the children of Moho have given up beer. You must have started the quarrel. Wait till I send my men to enquire into this affair."

Presently his messengers came to us and asked us about the matter and when they had heard all we had to say, they told Chiwazo's people that they were clearly to blame, for they had begun the quarrel and now they should pay up to the village they had wronged.

So they brought a cow and a goat, as payment. The cow we returned, but we accepted the goat, and there the matter was ended.

Evangelization in

BY REV. THOMAS M. CHALMERS, NEW YORK Director of the N~w York Jewish Evangelization Society A FRIEND said years ago in a letter to the writer, "It seems to me that intercessors for Israel have always been men of tears. " It is a striking thought. One recalls at once Moses, Samuel, Elijah, Jeremiah, Daniel, Jesus, Paul. Out of blood and tears has come every victory for God in Israel. Where much is put intQ the work, there is great gain. No victory can be expected without struggle; no fruit without tears and death. "Except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abideth alone; but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit."

Jesus Christ died for Israel. Other men, following in His train, have given strength and life for the Jews. The result is a great harvest. The Jewish mission field has been the most fruitful mission field of modern times. In proportion to the total number of Jews in the world, the converts to Christianity since the year 1800 have been much larger than the percentage of converts among heathen or Moslems. Here is the encouragement of actual victory. God's promises reveal that the Jewish mission will be the first to arrive at its goal in the actual conversion of the entire nation. After Israel's conversion the nations return to God. (See Romans xi; 12, 15.) The trumpet of divine providence calls for advance.

There are about fifteen milllions of Jews in the. world. Nearly 3,500,000 of these find their homes in America. They have spread all over the country, so that 161 cities and towns have at least 1,000 Jews each. Greater New York has over 1,600,000 and unless hindered by the government a new immigration will soon begin. In Poland alone 400,000 Jews are awaiting transportation to come to America. Five years of unrestricted immigration might mean a Jewish popUlation here of five or even six millions.

Here are Jews now from all parts of the earth. They represent all conditions, all trades, all grades of intelligence from the most ignorant pedlar or fish-woman to the university professor. Nearly every form of philosophy ever taught has its Jewish students here. These millions are without Christ-"lost sheep. " There is for them no salvation but by the Cross. As a believing Jewish friend said to the writer lately, "No people is so shepherdless, no race so dissatisfied with itself '01' so little fed by its leaders." God has brought these millions here that the Christians of America may give them the Gospel. Their leaders propose to dechristianize America. Are Christians ready to meet the issue T 946 Consider the difficulties of this great field. The first is the separateness of the Jews. They count themselves, and God counts them, exclusive. Seldom wili they enter a church. They need the Gospel presented in different form from the Gentile nationalities. There must be separate mission work in behalf of Jews, as with Poles or Chinese, only with stronger reason. Difference of language requires this, also, while their scattered condition makes it difficult to maintain missions for them except in the larger towns. It is not easy for the few missionaries to reach out and touch the scattered units in ten thousand towns and villages.

Other difficulties grow out of the amazing Jewish ignorance of the Scriptures, their unbelief and atheism, self"righteousness and self-sufficiency, contempt for the Christian missionary whether Jew or Gentile, the new national spirit due to Zionism, and the awful prejudice against Christ and Christianity, because of centuries of persecution and ignorance of what true Christianity is. These hindrances, with others unmentioned, render the Jewish mil3sion field, after the Mohammedan, the most difficult in the world. This array of difficulties should convince everyone that ihis field calls for master workers, men of ability and spiritual power, fitted by special training to lead such a people to Christ. At the same time there is room for all sorts of talent, but above all every worker must be upright in character and full of the love of Christ.

On the side of the churches there are hindrances due to ignorance of the Jew and of Israel's place in the plan of God. The unkind attitude of many so-called Christians toward the Jews greatly injures missionary effort. The indifference of pastors and of great churches holds multitudes of Christians aloof from all interest in efforts to evangelize the Jews. Sentimental overdoing of kindness to Jewish converts also helps to unsettle them, puffs up their pride and often leads to the wrecking of their Christian profession. All this greatly hurts the cause of Jewish missions.

In the face of all these discouraging aspects of the field there are reasons for great encouragement. God has given particular promises to the Jews and they stand in a special relation to His plan of blessing for the world. They often receive the Gospel message with great eagerness. The converts have peculiar zeal for Christ, and three times as many converts enter the Christian ministry as of believers from among the heathen.

Important work is being done for the Jews in America. Although totally inadequate to the need, yet nearly thirty missions are at work from sea to sea. They reach the Jews by preaching in mission halls and on the street, by visitation work and the scattering of Scriptures and other literature, and by medical work and

classes for women and children. The mails are also used to send tracts to many Jews all over the land.

These forms of work have had larger results than would be acknowledged by .Tews or recognized by many Christians. The impossibility of gathering converts into separate congregations makes it difficult to "show" results. Besides, the influence of this sowing of the seed reaches far beyond the present reaping of con- verts. The Jewish mind and conscience are being sub-soiled with gospel truth in preparation for the future mass conversion of the nation. This is the most important consequence of gospel work among Jews. The bitter opposition of Jews, especially of the leaders, reveals what they fear from this work. This is eloquent testimony to the effectiveness of this gospel effort.

For true advance we need urgently more prayer, more trained workers, the spiritual upbuilding of converts and larger resources of money and equipment. Other needs are important, but these are first and imperative.

There should be more prayer in the churches, among the workers and by the converts. The deepening of spiritual life in the workers would mean far more power for the work. Such life would strengthen the converts and lead them to a firmer grip on God. When converts and laborers lead lives of victory the re- sult will be far greater influence with the Jews who hear the Gospel.

A higher standard of Christian living is demanded for mission- aries and converts.

More workers are urgently needed. Men of heroic mold will find here a sphere for true sacrifice. Trained workers, able to undertake real work for Christ in close grips with bitter foes, are in great demand. Women filled with the tender love of Christ are needed to reach out to the suffering and needy. A training school is a great necessity to fit workers for their work. This is a matter for united effort by mission boards. A way must be found to train future laborers, or 1he Jewish work will go on only in a stumbling fashion. – Larger investments of money are sorely needed. The Chris- tians of Great Britain have for many years expended far greater sums for work among the Jews than we in America have done.

About ten times as much money is yearly invested in the Jewish field abroad as in this country. Their greater success is due in part to this fact. With better equipment and more laborers there could be an immediate large extension of the work all over our land.

The outlook is most hopeful. The Jews need the Gospel.

Many of them are hungry for something better than they find in Jewry, and many are accepting Christ.

IN AN AMERICAN MISSION HOSPITAL IN

A Red Crescent Nurse in Turkey· The Effective Work of a Graduate of a Mission Training School BY ISABEL TROWBRIDGE MERRILL. AINTAB. TURKEY A T the entrance of Turkey into the great war, our mission hospital at Aintab was requisitioned by the Red Cross for military purposes. Ever since then it has been constantly filled with soldiers, but it has not been the only military hospital in the city. As cases of disease increased in the army, our American hospital was set apart for surgical cases only, and all others were sent to the six or seven Red Crescent or government hospitals. The government had no competent nurses and as Miss Trowbridge, the superintendent of the American hospital, was aln!ady overworked they tried to find a native nurse.

A class of Armenian girls had just completed their course in our Nurses' Training School, but even before they received their diplomas, one member of the class, Annitsa by name, consented to accept the position of head nurse in the main Red Crescent building. She had had some years' experience in our hospital and training under American doctors and nurses.

The position which Annitsa undertook to fill was an unusually difficult one. The doctors, orderlies and most of the patients were • The TlIrks could not bring themselves to use the Christian term "Red ero…. ao call their OrpniutiOD for the service of the sick and wounded soldiers the "Red Cl'escent." It baa often cooperated with the American Red Cross and in some places has done efficient aerrice.

Tnrks, while she was an Armenian, a Christian and "only a girl." There had been no supervision of the wards. Everything was in chaos. Moreover it was impossible to get anything done without an enormous amount of red tape, for the hospital was under the Fourth Army Corps with headquarters at Aleppo, the capital of the province, sixty miles away.

The conditions in the hospital almost defy description. Most serious of all was the criminal disregard of the nature of the disease in the housing of the patients. She found the wards so crowded that five patients to three beds or three to two was the rule. In one building the dead were buried at night, supposedly in the yard, that outsiders might not know the fearful death rate. Typhus, cholera and other contagious cases were in bed with cases of pneumonia, malaria 0 .. <lther less serious fevers. Of ·course the lighter cases soon contracted the contagious diseases and died. There were no sheets on the beds in some buildings, making a change impossible without ripping, washing and making over a mattress, and this was seldom done. There were no bathing facilities beyond the pump in the yard and sick soldiers were driven to it stripped, while a convalescent pumped or splashed cold water over them. The clothing of contagious cases was thrown out on the hillside; the sewers of the hospital emptied on the surface of the ground just outside the hospital gates. The wasfe water from the washroom collected in fetid pools dug by the soldiers. In some buildings there were no toilet arrangements, unless possibly for the able bodied patients. The common practice was to use the floor of the ward; an9 for many weak pat~ents who could not leave their beds there was no provision. The stench in the wards and all about the place was unspeakable. Flies swarmed everywhere. An empty Y. M. C. A. room was being used in a feeble attempt to segregate the cholera cases, but this was in such a condition that, both because of the filth and also because of their horror of the disease, the doctors refused to enter the room. They would stand at the door, with their hands clapped over their noses, roaring out questions, orders and abuse at the ignorant orderlies. There was one thermometer for two hundred patients and Annitsa was expected to take all the temperatures herself. Had she done this. morning and evening, it would have fully oCcupied her time.

The arrangements for feeding the poor wretches were utterly inadequate. There were very few utensils or dishes. Food was carried and even served in old kerosene cans cut in two. A weak patient would often be brought in and left twenty four hours without food, becanse, forsooth, the Ser Tabib (head doctor) had jnst been there and given his orders and would not come again till the next day, the rule being that no patient might have food until the

A RED CRESCENT NURSE IN TURkEY

doctor had seen him. Often they were past all need of food or medicine when the doctor finally came.

There were storerooms in the hospital piled to the ceiling with copper dishes, clothing and silk and satin covered bedding, taken as loot from the wealthy Armenians who had been exiled, but owing to mismanagement and lack of coordination these stores lay un- touched, while the patients had to be put to bed naked for lack of clean clothes, and to lie in beds which the indifferent orderlies would not or could not cleanse.

One of our students, whose father was one of the most im- portant and wealthiest Beys in the city, came to see me one day.

He had been working in our pharmacy in order to learn the pro- fession and had recently been drafted and was working in the Turkish hospital. I asked him if he was in the drug room. "Oh, no," he replied, "I am a clerk. The rule is that the druggists not only make up but administer the medicine, and it is so dirty there that I cannot do that." Then he added with a smile, "It is not like our hospital."

This was the state of affairs that our young Armenian nurse had to face almost singlehanded. Her only assets were a fine cli- mate, good weather and her own courage and capability. There were also several Armenian women who tried to help, though they were hardly more than scrubwomen.

Annitsa first told the head doctor that the contagious cases -must be removed and segregated.

"But we have no room-no place to put them" was the ob- jection. .

"No matter, lay them out on the ground" was her instant reply, "that would be better than this."

Strange to say, the self-important, pompous officials did as the Armenian girl told them. They secured army tents and Imt the typhus cases out on the ground, and so hardy were these men that, once out in the pure air, some of them recovered. There was an almost immediate change in the death rate, as those in the hospitals now had some chance to recover. Annitsa then called in a number of Armenian exile women and had them clean up. They did it every day and all day. Some of the satin bedding, and rich cloth- ing was sold and the proceeds use to buy cotton cloth. Six or eight women were employed to sew. Sheets were made and night shirts and towels-by the dozen. The scrub women were gradually trans- formed from ragged refugees into neatly dressed nurses. Uni- forms were made for them of white homespun cotton with blue pin- stripe; even caps made their appearance. Annitsa planned, cut out and fitted all the aprons, and uniforms. At first she received in- sults. and the vilest proposals from the men about the place, even from officials, but her dignity soon put a stop to this and she be-

came "Annitsa Hanum" (lr Lady Annitsa. ""What she says goes" became the attitude of all, from the doctors to the meanest worker.

She asked for brushes and disinfectants. "Those are things which we cannot give you" was the reply. So she sent to Aleppo for brushes, in the meantime having the women scour their hands with earth and sand. When she insisted on the need of boric and carbolic, the head doctor told her to "get some potted plants for the windows; they will take away the smells" t It was soon no longer true that" no one left the hospital except on a bier," as the soldiers used to say.

Much pleased by the new regime, the doctors decided that .Annitsa could do still more, and added building after building to the number under her care, until she became superintendent of seven buildings, some of them a quarter of a mile apart. She spent all of her time from early morning until after sundown in going from one to another, supervising, taking temperatures, looking after the sewing, the meals and many other things.

In all matters Annitsa had to act cautiously, lest she should displease the authorities and be dismissed and then exiled. Whenever possible she was given her Sunday afternoons off and at her request the sewing women were not required to sew on Sundays. This was granted only after repeated requests, but shows how much Annitsa was respected.

What was her reward for all this Herculean labor, for I am sure the Augean stables were not comparable with her task1 Her salary was the princely sum of three liras a month, on a generous estimate the equivalent of $6.60, as paper money had dropped to less than half its value in gold. But this is not all. Deportations had begun in our city. All Christians were being exiled except those in government employ as soldiers, druggists and some artisans. The people of Annitsa's city ward were told to go. All her relatives were among the number. In vain she saw the doctors, the important men of the ward and of the city, the police, in vain she pleaded for her aged mother. It was of no avail, "They must go," and go they did into the southern deserts. Two young children of her brother were spared and, in addition to her work, she had the care and support of these little ones. She used to cook the children's food after coming home at night, making enough to last them for breakfast and lunch the next day. Yet with all this she was not bitter, only hurt that when she was doing so much, she had not been given the consideration afforded even the common soldiers whose families were not deported from the city.

The willing service of Annitsa and of her assistants to the soldiers, all of whom had suffered inconceivably at the hands of the Turks, is one of the finest examples of Christian grace and training that I have ever seen.

® @ ~."w

B .E. . S'T.=M~'BWTO"H"O"D• • •"S..Goo . .. O..

..

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 224 FOURTH AVE., NEW YORK MISSIONARY METHODS FOR SHUT-INS THE FOUR WALLS OF OPPORTUNITY I ~ "To the east a wall, to the west a wall, to the north a wall, § tthoetsheesasomuethfoaurwawll,a'l'lsSaOhvdeo sboemcoemlievebsust eeemntratoncbees btooubnoduend,dlyesest _=.:=._=_.– opportunity for those who entered in to minister, and to those prisoners whose unconquerable spirits have defied four-walled == confines and gone forth into world-wide service. IIIIDII Ida Gracey's Dream of careful examination, he shook his head hopelessly, and Ida Gra- THE quick tap of crutches was cet knew that he was trying to on the stairway. The faces of tell her very gently that the four walls of that hospital room' would the girls who. waited lighted with henceforth be the boundaries of eager, spontaneous welcome. her life.

"Here she is 1" one of the group Never was there a girl who acclaimed joyfully. "We're sure to loved light and laughter and God's have a good time if Ida goes," and outdoors more than did this girl they were off for a jolly boating who was to be shut in from it all. party. Bravely she heard what the great doctor had to say. All of the The tap of Ida Gracey's crutches heroic fortitude which was hers by was never a bid for sympathy, but right of inheritance from both her a forerunner of the entrance of a father and mother, who had done radiant personality. The attack of valiant missionary service in Inscarlet fever which left her lame dia, was challenged now. Then her for life when she was but a tod- unconquerable spirit flashed forth dling baby, did not rob her of one and she said: whit of her vivacity. Liveliest of the lively party of girls at the "I will not be cut off from my beautiful Thousand Islands on the customary life and buried before St. Lawrence was she. Swift as my time. This room shall be my the swiftest was her boat, merry parlor where my friends may come as the merriest her banjo. as usual."

During the years of her early Noone ever felt that it was a girlhood she took her part in the duty to go to that "parlor." From world's work and play. Always that day forth it became a popular there was the hope that some one resort. Said one friend who linof the many eminent specialists gered there: whom she consulted would find the cure. "There are people who would pay more for a seat at this bed- Then came the day when, after side than for a box at grand she had gradually grown more and opera." . more helpless, a great surgeon came to her room in the .Clifton To that room came the strong Springs Sanatorium. After hours and the well to find cheer and ~

comfort and blessing unspeakable. little, broken, suffering, crippled Eager children, sure of a welcome, girls,-into this first home for cripbrought their dolls, their Teddy ples in all China. Shut in one Bears, their kittens and their little room, shut out from all chance for chicks. Flowers, autumn leaves, active work, as the world would the Jack-o'Lanterns of Hallowe'en, say, she steadfastly faced the door the glories. of red and green of the opened to her, and never was she Christmas time, the lilies of East- disobedient to her heavenly vision. er, came from far and near, vying With all the earnestness of her inwith each other in making the tense, unselfish soul she prayed for seasons glorious in that lame girl's the establishment of this home for crippled girls in China. With all room. The little Italian boy who the winsomeness of her radiant danced and sang for guests below personality she told her dream to wanted to go up to dance and those who came to her bedside. sing for "her." A judge of the Empty handed she gave herself to Supreme Court stopped off on his the task. As she prayed, gifts came. The superintendent of the way across the State to his bench, sanatorium brought his tiny that he might have the privilege daughter close to the bed and a of a few moments in that room. big gold piece dropped from the baby hand to the pillow beside the "She was the jolliest girl, and white face with its shining eyes. nobody else ever could be so Women of wealth brought their patient and sweet" said the. win- jewels to her. In answer to her dow cleaner. prayers gifts came from far and near. "Never," said the medical super- It was the great year of Jubilee intendent as he came from a half of the Women's Foreign Missionhour in her room "have I seen ary Societies. Meetings were begreater suffering or greater brav- ing held in hrge cities all over the ery." country. In a darkened room in the Clifton Springs Sanatorium a Invariably those who went in to thin white hand exultantly waved "cheer her up" found that it was a check for one thousand dollars. she who cheered them. "See," she said to a friend, During the days and nights as "don't you want to look at it-my she lay on her bed suffering such check for one thousand dollars excruciating pain yet surrounded which I am sending to buy the always by such love and care, land. I am having a jubilee all Ida Gracey's thoughts turned con- of my own." stantly to the crippled girls in China. She saw them in her Joyfully she sent it to China. dreams-baby girls cast out to One thousand dollars was the die in that terrible baby pond price of the site on which was that· back of Dr. Mary Stone's hospital in China; helpless girls crippled baby pond back of Dr. Mary for life by disease or cruel treat- Stone's hospital. The site was ment, with no tender arms. about purchased. With faith unwaverthem, no flowers along their way, ing, the frail, suffering girl in no love and care. She thought of America persisted in the work for them by day, and at night in her the suffering girls of China. Now dreams they were before her. Then that the land had been purchased, the terrible dreams changed to she began to pray for funds that beautiful visions. Behold, she saw the home might be built. That laborers come to fill in the baby darkened room seemed to have pond. She saw carpenters come wireless connections with the ends to build a house on that site. She saw doctors and nurses and teach- ers come to gather in tenderly the

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of the earth and with heaven their mother and said: "Don't you itself. Gifts continued to come un- think ,it would be nice to put it in til the two thousand dollars need- your cripples' fund as mother's ed for the building fund was in contribution ?" hand. Ida Gracey's dream had come true. By faith through "Why, yes! Lovely I" she said. prayer she had accomplished the And with that key word of her work given her to do. life on her lips, Ida Gracey en- tered into life eternal. One night in the stillness her At Kiukiang on the banks of the sister bent low over the frail "lit- Yangtze stands a home for criptle white lilac" as a friend called pled children-Ida's dream – come this flower-like girl. She spoke of a small sum of money left by true, her prayer answered.

"Teil us about them"-we asked of a group of missionary leaders- "about some of those beautiful lives that have been made perfect in suffering. Hidden away from the light have been many who have wrought marvelously. Tell us what you do to reach the "shut-ins" and give us some of the rare stories of what they have done to reach the world." In the answers that have come are humor and pathos and enough methods of work to give a new program to missionary societies and churches.

SWITCH BOARD SERVICE FOR In addition to letters of inspira- tion, assistance is needed in prac- SHUT INS tical lines. Our doctors should be kept in touch with doctors at The switchboard in the tele- home, ' our mIsSIOnary, teachers phone office is the link between crave the stimulus of contact with folks who need each other. It con- progressive educators. Our nurses nects consumer and supply. Such and hospital workers require hos- service is possible for the Shut In. pital supplies, our Sunday-school From the confines of one house to leaders over there would be re-in- the breadth of the world, from forced spiritually and mentally, association with only the little cir- were they in correspondence with cle of home to contact w:ith alert modern leaders here. Teachers men and women of big hearts and would welcome simple gifts for big tasks, sharing their activity, their pupils. We suggest thereone with them in the upbuilding fore to Shut Ins this opportunity of the Kingdom of God,-is not for invigorating service-personal this a proposition that invites to correspondence with missionaries fregh air and broad spaces? and the direction of the service of their church in upholding their Keep Up the Morale missionary by means of letters and practical helpfulness. Our missionaries in distant fields too often feel cut off from the "Like Opening a Window in a Stu.)' church at home. They need letters assuring them of upholding Room" friendship. -The morale at the front, in time of war, was kept up Of the need for such service, the by letters from home. Just as following selection from a recent truly do our soldiers in the battle missionary letter leaves no doubt: front of the ChuTch need expression of our constant thought. To "The difficulties seem greatest our younger missionaries, espec- and hardest to bear during the ially, such letters are a vital neces- second and third years. It i. then sity. the novelty has worn off a.nd one

begins to realize the awful, de- educational material to the mis- pressing influence of heathenism. sionary teacher, and your Sunday- Others are busy with routine work, school enthusiast to send copies of but, because of the language, the the helps he finds most satisfac- new missionary can have little tory, each writing a note about part in this activity* * * It is dur- the material. Link all the special- ing this period that friends at ists of your church with the spec- home can be of great help to the ialists of your mission station. new missionary * * * When wea- Architects could help the mission- ried by the dreary drudgery of ary who must superintend mission language study, depressed by the building; there are problems of squalor of heathen surroundings, 'oreign finance on which our mis- wearied by too close contact with sion treasurers may like to con- the same small group of com- sult your bankers; questions of di- panions, the coming of the home plomacy that would interest your mail is like the opening of a lawyers. Be their telephone oper- window in a stuffy room. One ator. Keep your switchboard act- cannot measure the value of a Ive. newsy letter, full of little home gossip, a description of a social Over the offices of our electric event, a discussion of a new book. power stations we read the sign, or even a description of the latest "Light-Power." Pray, pray, pray, styles in dress. Just to know over every feature of this .beauti- what other people are thinking ful task, that you may receive and talking of, goes a long way "light ~nd power," and that, by towards helping her get back a means of your switchboard, you wholesome train of thought." may connect wires that shall di- rect the light and power of your Have an Active Switch Board church to that other· arm of the church; across the sea. , If your church supports its own missionary, and you have not yet A Power House–Direct the Curren~ entered into the privileges of cor- respondence with him and his wife, Your Sunday-school is waiting by all means, begin now. If you your service. It is a power house enjoy letter-writing, ask your of energy,-direct the current Board for the addresses of young abroad! Suggest to each class a missionaries whom you can cheer definite date when it shall remem- with your friendship. Do not look ber your mIssIOnary. Magazine for long letters in reply-consider pictures that illustrate American your letters a bestowal. Suggest life would be welcomed by mis- merely that while an answer would sionary teachers; Perry pictures of be gladly received that all you ask the Life of Christ make attractive is a postcard to assure you that and useful scrapbooks; photo- your message was 'Yelcome. This graphs of your .pastor, your is your first opportunity and the church, your town, would be en- second is like unto it,-stimulate joyed; light, simple new little gifts, your church members to letter sent by parcel post, such as little work writing and to practical service of bags, are all desirable; picture post- their missionary or of some mis- cards, pasted together to conceal writ- sion station. ing, may be mailed in quantity. We Ask the doctor to write a mes- know of one Shut In who greatly sage of comradeship to the doctor enjoys preparing postcards in this of your station and to send him a way; of another who kindled mission- late medical review. Ask your ary fires by circulating bright mis- school teachers to mail stimulating sionary books among boys and girls, offering a prize to the one

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who read the most. Have little of the different classes mentioned copies made of your missionary's above who promise to read the maphotograph, and give one to each terial. A call to prayer and an pupil who will promise to pray for envelope in which to place gifts him every Sunday and to write of money are also enclosed. and tell him of this. Suggest that the women and girls who made The visitors who have been sehospital supplies during the war, cured in local churches report now prepare such for the hospital quarterly to the Extension Departof your mission station. They ment on visits made, whether the are grievously needed. Ask your literature has been read, and missionary how best you can help amount of money collected. All him; tell him that it is the desire money collected goes to the local of your church people that they church for its regular missionary and he may be "workers together apportionment.

with God." What can shut-ins do? Through This path of service will yiel,l the Extension Department we .hope to give them the joy of helpblessing to yourself, to your ing in the White Cross work church, to your missionaries. En- which is an effort to supply needs ter into it with joy! of missionaries, such as needle work, bandage cutting, knitting, LEILA ALLEN DIMOCK, etc. Board of Foreign Missions of the INA E. BURTON, Presbyterian Church in the Extension Department Secretary. U.S.A.

BAPTIST EXTENSION DEPARTMENT ONE WOMAN'S WAY The Woman's American Baptist She had been ill for two months Home and Foreign Mission Socie- in a hospital of a distant city. ties have united on a plan to reach Alone, amid strangers, the days shut-ins and others who for var- and nights of weakness and pain ious reasons cannot attend mis- had seemed endless, unendurable. siona.ry meetings where they will To an active, busy young woman receive inspiration for service with friendly and' social instincts, which comes from interesting pro- the bare white walls of her room grams and social intercourse. The were like a prison from which she plan is known as the Extension might never escape into the Department. When fully worked cheery, work-a-day world. Sunout it hopes to have plans for day, the day she loved best of mothers of little children, business all the week in her home town up women, invalids, rural churches, among the new England hills, was dying churches whose members especially lonely now. The hallwill be lost to the cause if no ways echoed with the footsteps of effort is made to hold them, unor- visitors, but they never stopped at ganized Baptist women in union her door. She longed, oh so much churches in small towns, and un- for flowers, but none ever came. organized women in small Baptist churches. Once she had been secretary of the woman's missionary society of The whole plan is worked on her church. She felt a pang as the quarterly idea. Beginning with she thought how seldom she had January and each following quar- ever called on the sick and shutter packets of interesting leaflets in; how little the society had done including letters from missionaries to make the days brighter for old on the home and foreign fields Grandma Blake, who was paraare sent to women called visitors. lyzed, and sat by her window hour They give the packets to women after hour; for little Marion Grey,

with the wistful black eyes, who children and helped make articles had been a cripple ever since her for layettes. It was suggested that fall long ago; for Mrs. Brown who letters be sent with the articles. had always wanted to come to a missionary meeting, but was never As a result, several long distance able because of scarcity of clothes and abundance of babIes. One by friendships were begun between a one they passed before her, fretful lcnely invalid in the New England or patient, cross or cheery. And she vowed earnestly if she ever got village, and a lonely minister's wife well, and went back home, "things would be different." And they in the far frontier. 'Were different, for God gave her her chance! A member of. the committee vol u n tee red to "mind" Mrs. At the first fall meeting of the Brown's babies, so she might atsociety she launched her plans, and her eagerness and enthusiasm "car- tend a meeting of the society-a ried" the others with her. A committee for shut-ins, later called a real event in her life. home league committee, was ap- A big bundle of old magazines pointed. Calls were made on all the shut-ins of the parish, and they was carried to Mrs. S-, who was were invited to become associate propped up in bed most of the members of the society. time, but could cut out pictures, and paste them on cambric scrap Once a month an envelope con- books. taining several bright, interesting missionary stories and leaflets, a Little. Marion Grey made gay copy of a missionary magazine, a colored beads out of magazine covletter from a missionary, and sev- ers, and dressed dolls, provided by eral post cards illustrating the the society, for a Christmas box country or people-the subject of for a Southern mission school. The the society's study-was left at the teacher of the school, on being indifferent homes. These were kept fermed about Marion, asked the in circulation and the following children to write to her. The day month passed on to another. the mail man left her a package of letters from "way down South," a In the fall a bowl of partridge happy look came into her eyes, berries or a pot of woodsy, ever- which remained there for many a green ferns was given to each; and day, for she loved children, and in the early spring, a few lily had always wanted to be a teacher bulbs. herself.

Sometimes a typewritten pro- So little by little the good work gram of the next meeting was sent prospered. A spirit of friendliness out, with the request that the shut- and fellowship, such as had not been in pray earnestly for the leaders known before prevailed in the church and the success of the meeting. and society. And the originator of the Occasionally it was possible to plan felt that her 19n9 lonely days hold the missionary meeting at the of illness had not been in vain. home of the shut-in. EDITH SCAM MAN. lt was found that Grandma Blake and several others were fond THE HOME LEAGUE of knitting. Before long, stockings, sweaters, and mittens found their In one of the State Unions that way into the "box" for the mis- form the constituent parts of the sionary pastor on the western Congregational Woman's Home plains. Another knit reins for the Missionary Federation, a plan has been developed for reaching the shut-ins and keeping them in touch with the missionary interests of the church that may prove sug- gestive to other workers. A leaf- let prepared by the originator of

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this plan outlines its form and pur- making of articles for missionary barrels and boxes, or to share in pose as follows: the preparation of material for the "For many reasons, there IS a Societies' program meeting.

vast company of women who can- MIRIAM F. CHOATE, not attend. the program meetings, and so neglect or refuse to become Gel1erai Secretary, members of the local auxiliary. It Congregational Woman's is for the aged, the infirm, the in- valid, the professional woman, the Home Missionary FederaJion. business woman, the mother of lit- tle children, in fact, for all shut- A SHUT-IN TREASlTRER ins and shut-outs, that the Home League has come into existence. Is frail health a liability or an asset? Noone douhts which he ··The Home League is a depart· would choose. However, those of precarious health often live long ment of the regular auxiliary, and useful lives. One such I re- where the missionary interest is call was from young womanhood kept alive by means of literature confessedly frail, delicate as fine and calls. A member of the auxil- china. Everyone knew it, and iary should be chosen director of spared her, but she was not se1£- . the Home League. She should centered, and tried to keep as well have helpers who will each month as possible so as to be the least distribute the envelopes containing care to others. She early discov- the literature among the four or ered the limits of her strength and five members of their respective the regimen which best agreed with her. These once settled, her group.. life was lived with least mention "While each Home League is of herself, and with constant thought as to ways of most ef- free to use methods best adapted fectively helping others within the to its needs, it is suggested that limits of her strength. sc,me form of the Every Member Canvass be used for the invita- She became the manager of her tions, and that each envelope con- household of six or more.. Though tain but little literature, possibly unable to attend half the meetings three or four leaflets, a missionary she became treasurer of the mis- ionary society and for years was letter, paper or magazine and pic- corresponding secretary. tures. If all envelopes contain dif- ferent r('ading matter, they mily be So it has turned out that one circulated among the members. who was so frail that friends shook Occasionally a shut-in may enjoy their heads ominously has for forty preparing a missionary scrap-hook, years been rendering the service of or a box of missionary pictures il- wisdom, of accuracy and of a fa- lustrating some phase of the work. cile, friendly pen. All about us, These 'will also be helpful for cir- hearty men and women who could culiltion." have carried her in their arms, haye stepped a~ide or are the "late This plan, which is both simple lamented." Always prudent, she and practicill, admits of many va- continues prudent sti II. and having riations and adaptations. It pro- little strength has made it serve vid('s a regular and systematic way wonderfully, not in breadth, but in of reaching the shut-ins without length and thickness. leaving it to the chance impulse of kind hearted members of the so- WHAT THE "SHUT-INS" CAN DO ciety. Mite boxes could accom- pany the envelopes in which the FOR THE KINGDOM memhers of the League could place their gifts, and those who are Back of D. L. Moody and his able should be asked to aid in the wonderful work, which no mortal

can measure and which only an upon her bed through rnd-ny hours endless eternity can disclose, was a of the day and night and often in devoted "shut-in" who had been the middle of the night, during dark and silent watches, we were at the Throne of Grace pleading compelled to lift her into a chair for the messenger to be brought to where she might get relief from her beloved church. her bodily pain. The prayers that she offered during those days and The story is a familiar one. This years can never be counted, and Christian the shut-in had long been their influence can never be known cut off from activity in the church until the great books are opened. and had given herself over to inter- This work of intercession was not cession for the work which was so all she did. We used to bring to dear to her and to her Master. She her room members of the congrehad read in those quiet hours in her gation who were ·banded in society home of the Spirit's quickening that organizations, and there she would had been manifest in the church at talk and work among them. We Chicago, of Moody's wonderful would bring together the neighpower with men, and she began to bors in an evangelistic prayer servpray that Moody might be brought ice or cottage prayer meeting. from Chicago to London to speak There she would continue in her in the church that was so dear to way to advance the Kingdom of her heart. She kept on praying Christ. Missionaries home on furweek after week, month after lough, elders from the church sesmonth, and year after year. At sion, the pastor and all who came last one day when her sister re- testified that while they came to turned from the service she ques- bring cheer and gladness and good tioned her as usual about the serv- wishes they went away as under a ice, the text, what the pastor had benediction, because of her consaid, the people who had attended, tinual communion with the Masand what was the attitude of the ter. "She daily companied with people toward the message of the H 1· m." pastor. On this day the sister said, "Oh, the pastor did not preach to- It was while the Countess of day. Such a wonderful man spoke. Huntingdon lay upon a bed of pain The man was very plain, and sim- and weakness that the Spirit of ple in his talk, but it seemed as God spoke to her heart and though the Spirit was speaking." prompted her to call together the leaders and suggest to them the "What was his name?" said the organization of a society to send sister who had been praying for the Gospel to the South Sea Isjust that kind of a man to be landers whose condition had so brought to her church, "Moody," touched her heart. To such a Sowas the answer. ciety she pledged her influence and financial support. Soon the great "Moody! Moody from Chicago?" London Missionary Society was "Yes, Moody from Chicago." organized and it sent out the arti- Then the interceding "shut-in" san band to Tahiti, and later to different parts of the word a Mofknew that God had honored her fat, a Williams, a Morrison and a prayer and had brought that man Livingstone. with his power and his blessing to the church for which she had been It is said that during the late praying so long. war the whole of Great Britain was guarded from aeroplane in- When I think of the service of vasion by a cordon of watchers the "shut-in" I think of my own along the coast, who day and precious mother as she sat in her chair, unable to place her foot upon the floor for years before her death. She was also unable to lie

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night remained at their stations Such a thing was far from my listening fnr the whirr and the thoughts at that time, but after noise of the aeroplanes in the dis- Edith had gone, her message resttance. A Zeppelin could be heard ed very heavily on my heart until many miles farther away by a finally it became very clear to me blind man than by one who had that there was a definite necessity all his faculties, and so these laid upon me to give my life to watchers along the coast were Christian service. It seemed such blind men whose sense of hearing a tragic thing that this gifted girl, was correspondingly acute. who had so joyfully consecrated her life, could not live to realize In this day when the future of her dream. Through her the call the Church and the missionary of God came to me very clearly. cause. seems to depend upon th-e I wrote her telling her that I would try to do double duty if, prayers of God's people, the army so long as God permitted her to of reserves is certainly in the stay, she would be the prayer homes of our people, "shut in" partner who would intercede confrom other activities. Perhaps the stantly for the work that we were victory, that must surely come, to do together. will be brought by these "shut-ins" of Christ's army who give them- Notwithstanding the verdict of selves to intercession. the physicians, for five years this sunny faced college girl has lived ANNA MILLIGAN. a life of power through inter- cessory prayer. At the foot of old MY PRAYER PARTNER Cheyenne Mountain, near Colorado Springs, she has wrought won- From a Field Secretary who is being drously, going before and followwonderfully used of God in enlisting ing after in prayer my schedule of many new workers and securing an en- field work. There have been spelarged support for the work, comes this cial seasons of prayer for those inspiring story of how two lives have most important days and for the been joined in the service. hard problems.

When I was in college I was In the front of my note book is always this poem, which she not interested In missions. The adapted: announcement of a missionary speaker in chapel services was a "Now send in my place, 0 Master, signal to me to make use of one of those ten precious chapel cuts per- Someone I dearly love mitted each girl for the semester. To the people who sit in darkness I t was not so with my chum, a sunny, consecrated Norwegian girl. With a message from above. She had one sister in Africa and another on the home mission field, I have learned my own unfitness and she hailed the advent of every missionary speaker at chapel with For the task I vainly sought. the genuine joy of sincere anticipation. During her freshman year But others are ready and willing at college she, too, volunteered to And the work will yet be wrought. give her life for definite Christian service. At Christmas time a very But since in the grand fulfilment, serious cold developed into tuberculosis. Consulting physicians I still wouJd have a share shook their heads and said that it Choose one in my pla-ce, 0 Master, was not possible for her to live longer than a few weeks. Before Whom on my heart I bear. she went to the train she took my hand very gently and said: "Helen, Her work and her aspirations I want you to do the work in m,y Her hopes my own shall be place."""'" And around by the way of Heaven I'll reach each W. W. G, When her hands are worn with l~bor, My "linees s'hall be :worn with' prayer

And to one who loves to listen, Once a week-prayer meeting I'll tell' Him every care. days-the mission study classes And when on fields she planted would meet in home units. As- She sees no quickening sign, signment questions and notes re- I'll enter into the closet garding the conduct of the study And plead for power divine. would be printed each, week in the And if we labor together, daily papers. – Says one of the chosen band Each family at the hour named We'll reap and rejoice together -prayer meeting hour-was asked Oh, the joy of that other land." to meet as a family unit to take up Her interests are world wide. In the study and discuss the quesweakness her prayers and her heart are strong. There on the tions. mountain with God she follows and shares in the field. Her phy- Being about the only thing that sician said last spring that he could not understand her wonderful had found a way out from being spirit and her intense interest in life. "She seems," said he, "to have tightly closed, the mission study something to live for and that keeps up her strength." "So it enterprise soon became town talk. is," said she, "and I am so glad and so thankful that I have a great There was a rush for books. The work to live for." assignment questions and discus- H:.;:r,:';:N CRISSMAN. sions were eagerly sought in the INFLUENZA, PROMOTER OF MIS. papers, and in that one church SION STUDY about two hundred "shut-ins" had It all depends on the role you assign to the epidemic. There are a mission study course that was few eyes sufficiently keen, however, to see the blessing through record breaking in both interest the disguise, and to proclaim the "flu" a promoter of mission study. and attendance.

The Pacific Coast is often in ad- CARRY ON vance of the East in missionary insight, also in foresight. From Miss i'This program is too good to Gertrude Schultz comes this story: stop here," said one president of a missionary society; and this is how A "Church School of Missions" she carried it on: was conducted during the influenza epidemic in California last year. She asked a girl who recited an Just after the School had been or- especially lovely poem if she would ganized the whole town was sud- make a call on a lonely woman denly closed by the health authori- who had been shut in for years, ties. The pastor was determined and who would be cheered by just that the mission study must go on. that message. The more he thought about it, the more he was convinced that the She arranged that. two women "fiu" might be made pro instead of who sang a duet should sing it anti mission study. Why should again at the Sunday afternoon not all the people who were shut service at a hospital. in have an exceptionally fine opportunity for a course of study at A dialogue that had been very home? Accordingly, he announced effective simply had to be repeated his plans through the daily papers: at the home of a former president who was intensely interest~d, but who was encased in plaster of paris, following a fall.

She organized a "Reading Club" not to read to itself but to others. Every girl who joins offers to read to some one as assignment is made by the Committee. A careful sur- vey of the community is made and a constantly up to date list kept. The pastor, doctors, nurses ane on the Consulting Committee.

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARM£R, Montclair, N. J.

TIlE EDITOR'S MESSAGE nearly all the physicians are her,.

THE rapid sale of our study. book, But hark! two bells are ringing- "A Crusade of Compassion," leads us to believe that there will a surgical call. A hurried operation be an encouraging increase in mis- to save a life! Yes, but the operasion study classes this winter and tion will not be performed, the life spring. There are many helps to will not be saved. That summons assist leaders. "How to Use," will came from Siam, and there is no for ten cents suggest several pro- medical missionary at hand. What grams for each chapter. The Oc- is the answer to the two bells? tober issue of the "MISSIONARY R£- "Enough to do at home." VIEW OF THE WORLD" is full of practical hints and information, in- Three bells-how they startle! A cluding the Hymn by Mrs. Copen- medical case. Yes, a child in conhaver. vulsions, but do not hurry. The sound of three bells comes from Here are two picturesque medical Africa. A witch doctor prescribes anecdotes to use in print or speech. for her, a red-hot probe is pressed through her head to let the demons The Ringing Bells out. Well, they are gone, but the soul went with them. The child is In some of our city hospitals a at least free from suffering. bell is rung each time that an ambulance case arrives. Listen! there But I hear three bells ringing in is a bell ringing at this moment. the home land. It is a child in One bell-an emergency case. But America that is ill-one of om own this bell has a distant sound-it is darlings. Soon the doctor comes. ringing in China. A man has fallen There is the quiet footfall of the from a tree. There he lies, mangled nurse, the shaded lamp, and all that and suffering. Why does not some skill can do to relieve the little sufone hear his groans? Where is the ferer. One hour passes, two-yes, needed help, the physician, the am- she will live! But this is Amerbulance? Ah! we are in China ica. Why this difference? Does now; there is no physician here. Many look at him and pass on, God love American children bestr leaving him to die. They do not But four bells are 'ringing nowknow what to do and they do not care. The knowledge and' the ringing in the home land. Quick, sympathy are in anothe:- land. doctor!

Clang! The bell rings once more, Hmry, nurse! Two lives depend but in our own city. Ten minutes upon your skill. It is a charity pass by; the man has been care- case, yet how careful the treatment fully carried into our city hospital. bestowed on mother and child! An anaesthetic is given, the X-ray is used, and the patient wakes to But listen! Four bells ringing out find a limb gone, but his life is loud and clear from the zenanas of saved and there is prospect of a India! 0, women doctors! Can speedy recovery. Why the differ- you not see the agony, the foul treatence in these two cases? The last ment, the needed help? But there bell rang in a Christian land, the is no one to help. The child lives, first in a foreign country, and but it is only a girl; the girl mother too, but only a life of misery, pain' and contempt is in store for her, with no one to comfort, and no on' to care.

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o the ringing bells! It seems as if work, for she cringed and shrank behind the older woman whenever they will .madden the brain and we came near. An operation, much break the heart with· their unan- suffering and many weary days in swered appeals. "Lord of the har- bed. Never a smile, and only a vest, send forth laborers!" But how haunted look in those big, dark, vain our prayers unless with them liquid eyes. We tried everything, goes the answering cry, "Here am and at last a doll was suggested. I, Lord, send me." We picked out the very prettiest one that had been sent out in the Sew- Woman's Missionary Friend. ing Guild boxes and took it in to her. I wish everyone of you could have AMEENABEE seen the change in that face. It was all aglow with pleasure and ex- By Dr. Ida S. Scudder citement. She reached out those little arms and took the doll and Early one morning everyone was hugged it up to her cheek, and then busy in the hospital. The white- she looked up, and a sweet, gentle robed nurses with the touch of blue smile lit up her face-her first in their uniform were going hither smile, and we all felt so pTOud for and thither, silently and swiftly, as we had been working for that smile there was much to do. The dispen- for a long time. It was soon folsary hall was filling fast and all lowed by others and before long were eager to be treated. In the her face was always wreathed in outer waiting room stood a silent smiles. She went home to get strong man, a tall Mohammedan of about and was told to come back again fifty, with his gold and white turban in a month's time. The days slipped and long silk coat. On the Gosha by and one morning as I was on my veranda a middle-aged Mohamme- way to the hospital I heard a silvery dan clothed in dark purple stood laugh, and looking I saw the most awaiting her turn, and behind her, animated, excited purple and gold a tiny figure of a little girl bedecked saree, and I wondered who it could in a lovely purple saree all covered be. Then I heard a little voice with gold spots, a green jacket and saying, "Oh, there she comes, there yellow and ted skirt. Her face she comes!" and looking again I could not be seen for she kept cov- saw Ameenabee jumping up and ering it up, but now and again, down and clapping her little hands she would peep out and there was in the greatest glee. I hurried to the look of a frightened, hunted her and she cuddled down in my deer about her face. Ere long their arms in the sweetest, most satisfied turn came and when they entered way. The tears came as I held the consulting room the tall man that little figure and she could not was called in also. He wished to understand why there were tears, consult us about his wife, who, he but my heart was too full for exsaId, had not been well since the pression. What a change! What wee baby was born. I looked at the a contrast to the first day that I two women. Surely the older one saw Ameenabee! After her second was the wife, but no-we are mis- operation it was difficult· to get past taken. The little girl in purple and her room for one was sure to hear gold is the wife. Can it be pos- a little voice calling. She often had sible? She is almost a baby her- flowers to put in our hair or around self, but we are again assured that our necks, or an orange tucked unshe is the wife and mother. Such a frail, cringing child who shrank der her pillow which she would give from our very touch. She needed us and beg us to eat, and she alvery careful, tender treatment-that delicate child, and we were deter- ways wanted us to sit down just mined to do all we could to win her love and friendship, but it was hard

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

a minute when we went out to say leges are all under interdenominagood-night. She was a universal pet and it made us all sad to bid her tional support and control. Madras goodbye and it was hard for her to go. We hope to have her come holds an international relation as back and see us again some day, but she lives in a distant village. well. In this college twelve Boards The words of the Master often unite, six in Great Britain, one in come to my mind. "Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the Canada, and five in the United least of these my children, ye have done it unto Me," and we sent up a States. It is suitable then that these little prayer of thanksgiving that the Master had given us the privilege of women specialists of va'rying c,Omserving Him through one of these little ones. munions, invited because of their THE DEPUTATION rare ability and experience, should The Federation of Women's go out and bring back to us a Boards of Foreign Missions of North America has enlisted a re- report with recommendations. markable group of women who are going this fall to the Far East to President Thomas of Bryn Mawr, study certain institutions, types of is making a tour of Egypt and Inwork and problems in administra- dia, and has consented to serve on tion. A committee was appointed the Commission there and repoTt the in May by the Executive Committee Woman's College in Cairo and the of the Federation to secure the aid colleges for women. in Madras and of experts along various lines. The Lucknow. It is hoped that she. may results have been most gratifying. also find time to inspect the medi- In addition to several Board secre- cal schools in Vellore and Ludhiana taries and missionaries of experience as they are to be so largely dependselected by the Committee, Presi- ent Jor their students on graduates dent Pendleton of Wellesley Col- from our women's colleges. lege, Miss Conant, principal of Walnut Hill School, President Thomas Dr. D. J. Fleming, now in India, of Bryn Mawr, Dr. Gertrude A. Walker, Dr. Marion E. Manter, has been asked to serve on the Edu- Miss Ella F. Martien and Miss Ber- cational Commission, and Dr. tha Harlan, have consented to serve Walker and Dr. Manter will give and will sail early in November. special attention to the medical situa- When women of this type will take tion. leave of absence from very important duties here and go at their Two groups have already sailed,- own charges to study our Foreign Miss Mabel Howell, with Dr. Love, Missionary problems it emphasizes of the Methodist Episcopal Church, the growing sense of the dignity South, Mrs. Edgar Geil and Mrs. and importance of the Woman's William Schell, of the Presbyterian Foreign Missionary enterprise. The Board, sailed in the summer. Miss rapid development of higher educa- Helen Calder of the Woman's tion for Oriental women, indicated BoaTd of Missions, Congregational, by the opening of three women's Miss Nellie G. Prescott of the Womcolleges since 1914 in Madras, In- an's American Baptist Foreign dia, Nanking, China, and Tokyo, Mission Society, Miss Josephine Japan, marks an epoch. These col- Ramsay and Dr. Josephine Lawney sailed September 18th.

These groups will all spend some time in Japan and as many as pos- sible will return to Japan the last of January fOT a conference. Dr. Walker, Dr. Manter and Miss Cal- der will go on to India and Egypt. The Young Woman's Christian As- sociation will be represented by one of its national secretaries, Miss Henrietta Roeffofs. Robert Woods of South End House, Boston will

also serve on the Social Service head of department. Commission. Dr. Josephine Lawney, a graduate of The deputation is divided into Woman's Medical College, physician at groups which will take up the fol- Pittsburgh Tuberculosis Hospital. She lowing study: will remain in China.

Primary and Secondary Education for President Pendleton, of Wellesley Col- Girls: Miss Charlotte Conant-Chair- lege. man. iVIiss Charlotte Conant, Principal of Collegiate Education: President Pendle- Walnut Hill School for girls, Natick, ton-Chairman. Mass., and Trustee of Wellesley Col- lege. Religious Education and Evangelism: Miss Helen Calder-Chairman. Miss Ella F. Martien. Dean of Stet- son University, DeLand, Florida, will Social Service: Mis$ Henrietta Roel- study dormitory systems for girls and lofs-Chairman. will remain in the Philippines.

Christian Literature: Mrs. Edgar Geil Miss Mabel- Howell, secretary of -Chairman. Southern Methodist Board, Professor of Sociology for seven years in a Woman's Medical Work for Women in China College. and India: Dr. Gertrude Walker- Chairman. Miss Helen Calder, graduate of Mount Holyoke College, and secretary of the Problems in Administration: Miss Christian Association, secretary of Wo- Nellie G. Prescott-Chairman. man's Board of Missions, Congrega- tional. Miss Prescott, Miss Martien and Miss Nellie G. Prescott, graduate of Miss Ramsay will later visit the Wellesley College, head of Science De- Philippines in the interests of dor- partment, High School, Rochester, N. Y., mitory plans for girls. later secretary Woman's American Bap- tist Foreign Mission Society. The groups will meet in Shanghai immediately after Christmas and Mr. Robert A. Woods, head of South spend two weeks with a body of End House, Boston. missionaries selected on the field for their special fitness and experi- Miss Henrietta Roellofs, national secence. Some of the BoaTds which retary of the Young Women's Christian have not sent out members have as- Association, especially chosen for her exsigned certain well qualified women perience in lines of social service. on the field. Mrs_ Edgar Geil, graduate of Welles- As these groups of women go out ley College, member of Philadelphia as our representatives our hearts go Board of Presbyterian Church. with them. We are thrilled at the possibilities which are sure to de- Mrs. Wi'liam Schell, graduate of Smith velop through their first hand study College, member of the New York Board, and reports. Let us follow them Presbyterian. with our prafers. They are truly a commission of good-will to these Miss Be~tha Harlan, secretary of NorthotheT nations in this new day of field Girls' Conference. internationalism. Other deputations have gone, men and women who Miss Josephine Ramsay, graduate of have studied their denominational in- Smith College, secretary for Young Woterests, but this is the first of its men's Christian Association, will assist kind, an interdenominational group the Social Service group, and study pos- sibilities of community music. of women. May God speed them. The Toute will be from Pacific Who's Who In the Deputation ports to Yokohama, through Japan Dr. Gertrude A. Walker, a well-known specialist in diseases of the eye, a gradu- to Peking, Tsinanfu, Shantung, (if ate of Smith College, and the Woman's Medical College, chairman of the cam- conditions permit), to Hankow, paigns for the Woman's Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa. Kiaukiang, Nanking, Shanghai. A Dr. Marion E. Manter, a graduate of part of the group will return to Bates College and Woman's Medical College, resident at Bellevue Hospital, and Japan via the Philippines and the others will go on to India.

Please make this a prayer list, remembering the deputation as a group and individually, asking that no harm may befall them, that they may be blessed in their own spi·;its and that they be guided in all their deliberations and reports to the furtherance of the Kingdom of God.

FROM MANY

NORTH AMERICA Dr. Baylor rose to the occasion and offered the use of a hall, and thus Open Air Work Among the Jews the Russian Mission began. When the vacation period ended, the stu- THE Chicago Hebrew Mission in dents returned to Philadelphia, and its Open Air Campaign among other students went in turn, until a the Jewish people, has used a Gos- permanent work was established. pel auto this summer and the stu- From an attendance of about twen- dents of the Moody Bible Institute ty-five at the initial meeting, bhe held meetings in one of the three numbers have grown to 200 and large Jewish districts of Chicago more. There have been fourteen nearly every night, and often on confessions of faith and eight have Sunday afternoons. Between May been baptized. Five are studying 25th and October 1st, 138 meetings at the Philadelphia Institute and were held, and approximately 42,450 one is back in Russia proclaiming people were reached with the Gospel the Gospel in that dark land. messalle. The audiences averaged from 200 to 400, and on several oc- Giving to Missions at the Moody Church casions there were as many as 800 present. Large numbers of tracts AT the Fourth Annual Missionand Gospels were distributed, and ary Rally of the Moody Church personal conversations were held congregation, Chicago, five thousand with many Jews. people were present and the offering and pledges for world evangeliza- Many showed that they were anx- tion amounted to nearly forty-four ious to listen to the preaching of ~he thousand dollars. The Ushers' Band Gospel and good order was main- gave $7,500, the Young Business tained with the assistance of the po- Women's Class $6,000, the Christian lice. At times men made hostile Companionship Club of young peodemonstrations, but a Jewish wo- ple, $1,800, the Young Women's man said, "Do not be discouraged, Bible Class $1,450, the Moody even though yon have things thrown Church office force $1,300. The at you, for the people are thinking amount of gifts ranged from fifty seriously. Your preaching caused cents to $1,000, while several people me to become interested in Chris- threw their jewelry into the offering. tianity." One hundred and fifty young peo- Russian MIssion In Baltimore ple answered the call for volunteers to go as missionaries to the regions THE sliory of the Russian Mis- beyond. sion in Baltimore is an interesting one~ Just before Christmas, One Result or Rural Survey" 1917, three students of the Russian Bible Institute of Philadelphia ONE benefit of the international walked into the office of Dr. W. H. missionary surveys, now under Baylor, Superintendent of Baptist way at home and in foreign lands, Missions in BaltimOTe, and acquaint- is the discovery and publication of ed him with three striking facts: facts showing neglected areas and (1) there were 3,000 Russians liv- over-occupied fields. In eastern Ne.w ing in Baltimore; (2) there was no York State-not three hundred miles evangelical mission work among from the headquarters of Home them and (3) the three students Mission Boards–one region was were ready to spend their vacation discovered where there are nine in organizing mission work for them.

churches without a minister. These viated version of the Ten Commandchurches are Wesleyan, Baptist, two ments; introduces prayers for the Presbyterian, three Methodist and President, and for the army and two Disciples. Some of the build- navy, for social justice and "for ings are in good repair and others every man in his work." It also are dilapidated. Two maintain small recommends a prayer for the dead, Sunday-schools but most of the or- which the Church of England reganizations are practically dead. jected at the time of the Reforma- The valley eight miles long was once tion. It also makes provision for full of life, but is now dormant. faith healing. Most of the changes Strong drink has caused degenera- seem to be. a revival of usages contion. Few of the people knew what demned by the leaders of the Engwas meanli when asked as to their lish Reformation. denominational preference, and the children did not even know the The Religious Needs of the South Lord's Prayer or the Ten Commandments. Some of the parents had I T is estimated by Dr. J. W. Gilnever been married.. lan of the Southern Baptist Con- vention that there are thirteen mil- No Church for Twenty-two Years lion people in the southern states who are in need of the Gospel of I NDIAN CREEK, in' Jackson Christ. Many of these are dou1>t- county, Tennessee, is said to have less within reach of evangelical been without any regular religious churches, and others live in out of work for twenty-nwo years until one the way communities where there year ago when a Sabbath school are very limited opportunities for was organized by a Sunday-school inskuction,-religious or secular. missionary, S. A. D. Smith. Fol- Many of them are colored people lowing a week's series of meetings who profess a type of Christianity last September, there were twenty- that is only a step removed from four conversions and eighteen acces- paganism. Dr. Gillan reports sevsions to membership in the mission enty-four county seats that are withwhich is conducted as a branch of out any churches or meeting houses. the New Bethel Church. These county seats set the pace and the standard for other towns in the Christian and Missionary Alliance county, and here men gather for business, and for legal and political THE Christian and Missionary Ale reasons. There are also innumerable liance is at work in sixteen for- churches in the South that need strengthening. eign fields and is preaching the Gospel in twenty-two foreign languages. The Bible in the Far West During the first four years of the war it sent out eighty new mission- THE American .Bible Society rearies, added 214 new native workers ports that one of their colporand occupied 226 new stations and teurs at the age of fi fty-seven is still out staJtions. This agency is the only tramping the country with his supply evangelical mission in French Indo- of Bibles, reaching places which China, where there is a population most people would consider inaccesof 20,000,000 people. sible. His field is a section of the west which includes the Rocky Changes in Order and Worship Mountains and the Sierra Nevadas. Fearing neither man nor beast, he HE Commission on Revision of carries no weapon, but travels T the Protestant Episcopal Book of equipped with a quilt, a water bag Common Prayer has published a re- and a little food. His only companport which has been submitted to the ion is a Scotch collie. He and hi~ General Convention of the Episcopal Church. It suggests an abbre-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

dog bivouac under the stars or in the have proved themselves capable of. snows, share the same food and culture, while others show signs of drink or go hungry together- having once been much higher in civilization. They are not citizens: He has' crossed the Mojave Desert they are merely outlaws in the eyes on foot, 112 miles of sand and sun, of the government, which seems con-. and has sought out the lonely places tent to hold them in check if they from Kansas to the Pacific and from chance to appear within civilized Mexico to Canada, with the one ob- bounds. ject of distributing Bibles to those remote from civilization. The South American Missionary Society (Church of England), has Bible Society Record. tried all possible plans to reach these wild tribes, with appreciable suc- Virgin Islands Reveal Their Needs cess. The Paraguayan government has agreed to admit Christian In- THE War and its attendant prob- dians to full rights of citizenship. lems have turned attention from Laws have been passed relating to the Virgin Islands, or Danish vVest t!he drink traffic. The Argentine Indies, which t!he United States pur- and Bolivian governments are also, chased a few years ago. Recently, friendly to missionary work. some unsatisfactory conditions have come to light in this new territory. Religious DQgeneracy in Mexico Danish customs, Danish laws, I F the' papers of Mexico should Danish methods of judicial proced- publish a program of a Protes~ant ure, are still· in vogue in the islands. Church Convention somewhat along The natives own but three per cent the following line, it would be charof the land. The rest is owned by acteristic of the order of events at a Danes or by those to whom the Ger- great festival of the Virgin of Guadmans have llransferred title. An in- alupe, the Feast of the Conception, or come of $300 per year is required of any of the religious festivals of. in order to exercise the right of suf- Mexico. frag-e. Under this only 321 people in the islands can vote. "Morning Worship, Bible Study, Quiet Hour, Discussion on Sunday One great need is a law that will School Methods, Christian Endeavenable the.people to acquire land. or, Bible Work, Missions, and Evan-, The Americans, since their occupa- gelism. tion, have done considerable work along line's 6£ sanitlation. Appar- "There will also be Horse Races. ently there has been no improvement Cockfighting, Bullfighting, Balls, Rafas to education. The people are fles, Roulette, Monte Games, Latpleading to be Americanized. teries and Open Air Saloons.

LATIN AMERICA "Drunkards, gamblers, sharpers, women of bad life are welcome.• The Indians of. South AIner~a There will be special trains run- ning." WHILE the history of the North American Indian is generally The same customs prevail in Panaknown, and the Incas of Peru have ma and farther south. The local' attrac'1ed interest because of their priest often arranges for the bull unique civilization, very little is fights, cheap vaudeville and the gamknown about the aboriginal Indian bling resorts. population ·of South America. Thousands of them have never even seen Record of Christian Work. a white man, nor ever heard the name of God, and tJhe outside world Chile Distillers Favor Prohibition is to them a blank. As nearly as it is possible to, number them, they I F the sentiment which now seems probably exceed three million. Many under way in Chile continues to grow, the United States may not be

1IJe only "dry" nation on the west- French ~on in London ern hemisphere. THE Mission to French-speaking The Chilean Government recently people in London has just com.- enacted laws restricting the making pleted its fifty-eighth year. All the and sale of liquor, and this has agencies of the Mission show enbrought the question of total prohi- couraging results. Two hundred bition strongly to the frOlit. Chilean children, representing eight different distilleries represent a capital of nationalities, have been under tuisome 12,000,000 pesos, and many of tion and nearly ten thousand govthem have accessory industries en- ernesses-French, Swiss, Italians, gaged in the manufacture of food. and Swedes-have at various times Some Chilean leaders are advocating made use of the Bienvenue Home, that the importation of liquors be obtaining situations in Protestant prohibited entirely. families. Many French-speaking Belgian refugees in London entered Even some of the distillery own- heartily into the Mission's activities ers are reported to favor a "dry" and have now re~umed to their own nation. These say they would pre- country with a deeper understandfer to transform their plants into ing of Christianity. some utilitarian industry, such as the production of liquid fuel or ether. The Christian.

American Methods" In Uruguay ChrIstian Federation of French Students CHILD welfare work has made THE French Students' Christian little progress in Uruguay as Federation suffered severely yet, but Dr. Alice Armand Ugon through the War. Of the seven of Montevideo, an expert in chil- hundred members in 1914, 143 have dren's diseases and head of the fallen in battle. But the present children's clinic at the University forces have now increased more than of Montevideo, attended the inter- one hundred per cent, and the Movenational Conference of Women Phy- mf'nt gives promise of being an imsicians held in New York September portant factor in the evangelization IS to October 30. While in New of France. York Dr. Ugon made a special study of the Children's Bureau, and at the There is an extension of the work request of her g-overmilent will or- among women students and school ganize a Child Welfare Bureau for girls, which has grown to include Uruguay upon her return. twenty-six Associations and 480 members. New activities· are con- EUROPE stantly being opened up, in the realm of social service, vacation camps, Methodist Union In England and other avenues through which the Spirit of Christ is brought into PRELIMINARY agreement on common relationships. In Algeria, Methodist union in England is a member of the Federation whose practically complete, and although military duties have called him there, it m~ y be three years before the has organized a group of Arabs and legal tletails are arranged. the out- Kabyles, and is teachin;::- them to come seems assured. There are know Christianity. three denominations to be combined in this merl!er-the Wesleyan Meth- French Protestants as Le.,dt>rs odist, the Primitive Methodist and the United Methodist Churches. A "SALT of France" is the sobriaerious obstacle to a united Method- quet used to describe French ism in America is the attitude of the Methodist Church, South, which de- Protestantism by the late Emile dines to participate in any union in- Faguet, though not a Protestant himdudiu& Negroes. self. A recent publication, "Hand- book of French Protestantism," ,…

NEWS FROM MANY

veals how these people have stood at them live in Transylvania, which the head o·f the achievements in art, borders on Roumania, and is claimed science. education and reform,' and by that nation on the ground of as evidence cites such names as Cu- racial affinity. Roumania is over- rie, the physicist; Bartholdi, who de- whelmingly Greek Orthodox in re- signed our Statue of Liberty; Baron ligion, and does not enjoy a reputa- de Stael, who first protested against tlion for tolerance toward other be- the slave trade; Jules Siegfried, who liefs. It follows that the Transyl- led in factory legislation and many vania Protestants fear with some others equally well known. Tl'aSOn that they may be severer'

In spite of their diminutive num- from their Hungarian brethren, and bers (about 800,000 out of 40,000,- be deprived of religious freedom.

000), French Protestants today sup- port over fifty orphanages and as Lost Children of the Urals A many homes for the aged. In Paris LITTLE colony at Lake Tur- goyak in western Siberia is fairly alone, where they are but one in twenty-five of the population, they swarming with the twelve hundred maintain not less than sixty benevo- children who have been rescued from lent institutions besides their purely the Ural Mountains, where they had religious ones. run wild since being deserted by their A Christian Leader in Spain teachers and guardians in the tur- moil of escaping from the threatened REV. CIPRIANO TORNOS, who sweep of Bolshevism. Throughout died recently in his 86th year, the countryside, these little wander- was at one time a court preacher in ers had been starving until picked up Spain. He' threw all his energy into by the American Red Cross and the fight against religious freedom placed in the care of its six workers in that country and especially against at the colony. This colony is sit- Protestant teaching. But one day a uated seven miles from a railroad devoted Catholic brought a few Prot- and is bordered by a number of estant trac~s to Father Tomos in the houses whose owners have fled.

confessional. These were promptly Through the cooperation of the Rus- confiscated by the priest, but upon sian authorities, the site and the reading them he was so much im- houses have been secured for the use pressed that he sought for more, of the children. They will be fed, and throu~h these traots he was clothed and educated.

turned from Catholicism to evangelical Christianity. As might be MOSLEM LANDS supposed, his conversion aroused bit- Armenia's Last CaD H ter denunciation and his chapel was ON. James W. Gerard, chair- man of the American Commitdynamited by fanatics. However. he continued to publish and distribute tee for the independence of Ar- Christian literature throughout Spain menia, has issued the following ap- and for more than forty years was peal to Christian America to save an ardent member of the Evangel- Christian Armenia: ical Church in Spain. "Two hundred thousand Armen- ians fou!!ht in the ranks of the Protestantism Threatened In Transyl- allipd and associated armies. One vania million Armenian men, women and HUNGARY, although ranked as children have been slaue-htered by a Rnm;m Cathnlic country. has . the Turks because of their fidelity two anrl a half million memhl'rs of to the faith and cause of America.

the Hl1nn-arian Rpformed Church. And now at this, the most critical the second hr~est Presbyterian body junc!Ure of her history, Christian- in the world. Large numbers of .Armenia makes a supreme call to

Christian America. If we permit potency of his Oriental learning and the Armenian people to be extermi- civilization. He realizes that tIo esnated, the Christian Church will cape stagnation he must possess be dishonored forever. An Armen- Western learning. ian State in Asia Minor is bound to be a decisive factor in the task (3) Egypt has become a British of civilizing the peoples of Near and Protectorate instead of merely oc- Middle Asia, and it is also the best cupied territory. Great Britain will guarantee against the dangers of now be able to plan for the uplift Pan-Islamism and Pan-Turanianism. of the people by methods that are Christian Armenia will be a watch- more progressive and modern.

dog of Christian civilization in the Ground for the University has East. We must save her. been purchased in Cairo, plans have been drawn for the buildings, a cur- American University at Cah'o riculum has been outlined and a fac- CAIRO, t?e intellectual center of ulty secured. Dr. Robert S. Mc- Islam, IS a City of 750,000 in- Clenahan, for nine years Presiden~ habitants and the capital of a country of 12,000,000 people. It is more of Assiut College, Egypt, is to be progressive than any other O~iental the head of the collegiate departcity; papers are published there that ment. The immediate need is for are more influential in the Near funds to begin the work. This can East than are London papers in be secured only as men and women England and Paris papers in France. who are God's stewards shall feel In Cairo is the great Azhar Uni- the call to supply ~he means for versity for Moslems. with its ten equipment, endowment and for run- ning expenses.

thousand studen~s from every part INDIA of the Mohammedan world. FreOOom of Worship Und..r British Protestant Christians have long Rule A maintained lower grade schools in MONG the witnesses before the British Committee on the India Cairo; and Greeks, Catholics. Jews, Copts and Armenians have all con- Reform Bill was Mr. A. H. Chowr- ducted schools; but tihe great need ryappa, representing the Indian for this Moslem stron/rhold is a Christian Associatfion of Macllras. modern Christian University to train He said that of all the innumerable Egyptian young men in Christian blessings of British rule in India, ideals. Such a University is the none had been more prized than one planned by Dr. Charles R. Wat- freedom of worship. If the protect- son, who was born in Egypt and ing hand of British rule were to be whose fa~her was a pioneer mission- gradually withdrawn, it would mean ary in that field. While the War the handing over of power tJo a temporarily halted the plans of priestly caste, who for long ages Oairo University, things of incal- had subjected the people to the most culable value were accomplished by shameful indignities. It was un- the four years and a half of world true to say that the caste system conflict. was breaking down in India. The (1) The political power of the Christians were not allowed to stand Turk was destroyed, and therefore erect before a Brahman; they were the temporal power of Mohamme- 'not allowed to live within the vil- danism. This ushered a new spirit lages; they were not allowed into into the Moslem world. many public schools; and they were (2) A new value has been set not allowed to draw water from the upon Western learning. The Arab village well.

has become conscious of the im- The Christian.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Training Christians in Hyderabad Two years ago that missionary would have suffered violence, but HYDERABAD District has two in this case several admitted the coeducational schools, a High force of the analogy, while others School, where the boys take care merely laughed and said nothing. of the garden and the girls cook vhe food, wash and mend the clothes; Christian Advocate. also a primary school of nearly a hundred boys and girls. This dis- ASalaries of Indian Workers trict has also three training schools N Indian Christian catechist thus for Christian village workers. describes the way the war af- fected his living conditions: "My The Hyderabad Bible Institute is salary is eleven rupees a month, tJhe higher grade and is at present but after paying all my dues to the full to overflowing of men and mission I have only seven rupees women who have been out on trial, and a few annas left. I get about have made good and are returning one and a half rupees a month from for further education and training. school fees. I have about a quar- The two other schools are at YeI- ter share in an acre of 'rice land, landu and at Narsingpet, and are from which we get less than' two steadily hewing diamonds III the months' supply of rice in a year. rough. I have a wife and five children. Cloth is two or three times ·what it How Much Is in a Name was in price; rice is only two and a half measures for a rupee, and THE American Board Mission at my entire salary is about nine ru- Madura can furnish concrete pees for a month." illustrations of the transformation wrought by the Gospel. With ob- The Missionary Herald. vious propriety, ~he spiritual change which the outcastes experience is Christian Poetry in India proclaimed by a significant change of name, as for example: THE PANJABI village Christians sing the metrical Psalms on their Mrs. She-Devil becomes Mrs. Happiness; Mrs. Whitewoman, Mrs. way to weddings and funerals, and at Jewel-of-Religion. Mr. Nosepricked all other occasions that have to do is transformed into Mr. Servant-of with family life. The life of Christ Jesus; Mr.Worm becomes Mr. Ful- from St. Luke's Gospel has been put ness (suggestive of Christian ex- into Panjabi verse, and is sung with perience): Mr. Beqgar becomes Mr. eager fervency. From one of the Child-of-the-Church; and Mr. Black- villages a singing party, full of evanman, Mr. Eye-of-Wisdom. gelistic enthusiasm, went out to the nearby non-Christian communities Idol Worship Falling into Disrepnte and sang the story of Christ's life. Constant repetition is a feature of MANY people in the centTal their music, a wise arrangement in provinces are abandoning their view of the great majority of vil- lagers who are unable to read. faith in heathen gods because of suffering in sickness and famine. Bibles in Burma A Methodist missionary of Basim, touring through some of the vil- BURMA, although it has only lages, .said to the people: "You about 12,000,000 inhabitants, have seen litule children making- men has so many different ~ribes that a of mud, and pretending to feed them hundred different languages, to say and give them flowers, etc., and nothing of dialects, are spoken withthen, when dinner time comes they in its boundaries. In fifty-one of wipe it all out and go home. That these languages the Gospel is being is just the way you are in your idol worship."

supplied by colport.eurs of. the Brit- passed on. In place of ancestral tab- ish and Foreign BIble SocIety. lets many Christians are carefully As a rule the Burmese colporteur preserving and placing in prominent is not a very well ~ducated man; places in their homes pictures of yet his replies to inquirers and ob- those who have died. All these and other adaptations to Chinese condijectors are often very much to the tions are indications of promising virility and power of adaptation in point. . the Christian Church.

"Dogs' books," said a scornful young Burman, wearing English boots and carrying an English walk- ing-stick, as he p~sse~ a small crowd By-Product of the Plague of village folk hsten,mg to t~e col- DURING the plague preve,:tion porteur. "Yes, do'gs books, If you work in some of the provinces of China, the fact was brought home call them so," said Colporteur Mg. to the authorities tihat in many in- stances the proclamations they had Thwai "but even dogs have sense posted in infected districts were to kn'ow where food is buried." pveaolupelleess~erbeecuaunsaeblelartgoe :neu:;tmd.bersTh~osf hTehenl~okweidth a twinkle in his eye as outstanding proof that Ilhteracy IS down at his own home- an obstacle to safety and progress so forcibly impressed the governor made wooden slippers, "and young of Shansi that he has applied him- self to a soluti.on of the problem. men who adopt English costume He proposes to make attendance at school compulsory, and all the temshould not jeer at English bo~ks." ple property in the city of Sinc~ow is to be sold ,and the money reahzed Curious reasons are sometimes will be devoted to the building and maintenance of schools. The siggiven for refusing to purchase the nificance of this from a religious standpoint is apparent: Every Chi- Scriptures. "Don't buy those books," nese city of any importance has a temple devoted to the worship of the exclaimed a looker-on. "All who read those books become Christians, and all Christians have to go to the great war." O~hers are more bla- tantly superstitious. "If you so much as touch the books," said an Araka- nese woman, "our god will send sickness t:o the family. If you read them he will send an earthquake."

, The Bible in the World.

CHINA deity supposed to be the protector of that particular city. The patron Nationalizing the Chinese Church deity of Sinchow, together with otber less important gods, was locked A TENDENCY seems to be grow- up in one room in the temple, the ing among the Chinese to drop rest of the building being convertef formal connection with missions and into class-rooms for the school. No found independent Chinese churches, public outcry resulted, nor has any such as the one in Tient-sin. One disaster occurred. If the crops are of the problems connected with it large, and all goes well, tbe case, centers about the attitude of Chris- against idol worship will be won. tianity toward ancestor worship, and al that practice involves. Chinl"se, leaders feel that whatever is good A SingIng Colporteur in this custom should be preserved, and that for whatever seems incon- COLPORTEUR La Lau, i"n the sistent with Christianity some sub- Chinese province of Kwangstitute should be supplied. In many tung, has sold over 16,000 Scripplaces Ea!>tt'r Day is now set apart tures in twelve months. He is fond to a memorial service to the dead. of sinl<in2", and uses this as a means In some churches tahlets are erected of advertisement. As soon as he to members of the church who have comes into a street, he begins to sing

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

some Gospel song, and soon a crowd carry with it practical sympathy and of people gathers about him. When help if it wishes to develop the power the song is finished, he begins to of appreciation of its higher truth.

preach, telling his audience enough of the Gospel story to arouse their JAPAN-CHOSEN interest, and then he starts selling Gospels in print. His spiritual zeal Light That Cannot Be Hid is blended with business shrewdness, and he wins people wherever he THE Christian village of Chausugoes. bara in Hyuga stands out as a shining example of what Jesus of Bible Society Gleanings. Nazareth taught and lived. The Okayama Orphan Asylum is located there and its 270 cho of land is di- Chinese Concordance vided into nine plots each with a cottage, house-mother and family of DR. FENN'S Chinese Concord- twelve or thirteen children. There ance of the entire Bible is al- is primary school on week days and most completed, and it is hoped that Sunday-school on Sundays. There the brook will be issued by the end are the homes of those connected of 1970. The new Concordance will with the work-the teachers and have the following advantages: it is others in charge of the institution; based on the latest revised Manda- and in addition to tJhese are thirty rin version, is all in one volume, homes of the Asylum graduates, in and is not so exhaustive as to prove most cases both the young father imprac',kal for the average searcher and mother having been trained in of Scriptures. The book has been the Orphan Asylum. They earned much delayed on account of the ad- their little piece of land and were ditional work necessitated by the helped to build their home, adding recent re-revision of the New Testa- to land and buildings as time went ment. on. The police stationed in this vil- The Tibetan Borderland lage found theirs a superfluous job and were transferred elsewhere. The REV. ROBERT FITCH, secretary vilJage is known for miles around for of the Hangchow Union Com- its high ideals.

mittee, who has lately arrived from Japan Evangelist. China, presents a lantern lecture entitled "To the Tibetan Border- Christian School'S Wide Influence land." Mr. Fitch says: GOLDEN GATE SCHOOL AT "In the Tibetan borderland there is Nagoya, Japan, radiates wholean unparalleled opportunity for mis- some influence in more than one sionary work. One should begin direction. Mr. Ichimura, the princiwith the families of the local chief- pal, has been in practical charge of tains who control each a score or the School for five years, and puts more of walled towns, some of them into effect many valuable ideas. almost inaccessible on high mountain For example, the large and centrally peaks. By studying their needs, help- ing them in their agriculture, dairy located schoo! chapel was not being cul~ure and mining-, together with used enough to satisfy Mr. Ichimura, Riving them the Gospel, one would so that some years ago he began have almost an unlimited opportun- gathering subscriptions to support ity for influence for p'ooo. The a popular lecture 'course in the bl1iJrlmere preaching of the Gospel with- in~. As the speakers are usually out the riving of practical help Christians, they often get in a rlnj;- would he like presenting to them a inl; Christian message to back up disemhodied spirit. The spiritual is and base their moral propositions.

fundamental, but Christianity must Another measure, introduced by

the principal, was a limited form of in 1915 reveals some interesting side student government. A leading news- lights on the subjects which are repaper of Nagoya published a series ceiving the attention of Japanese of editorials contrasting the fine free readers. For example, books on atmosphere of the school "which de- industry head the list, with 6,697 velops the pupils naturally and volumes; policics comes next with brings out the best that is in them" 6,132 titles, while books on religion with the management in government number 2,895. Japan evidently beschools "which turn out, not men, gins to realize her need of religion, but manikins." if an advance over the number the previous year can be taken as sig- Christian Observer. nificant. Educational subjects reach 2,696 and general literature, 2,210– Oita Newspaper Evangelism much of the lattJer being of a de- basing nature. REV. ALBERTUS PIETERS, of Oita, during the past seven years Christian Literature Songht in Korea has developed newspaper evangelistic work in Japan, which has branched ALL KINDS of devotional, bioout in a variety of forms, and has graphical and theological books, been the means of extending a commentaries, books on Sundayknowledge of Christianity in the out school organization, and magazines of the way places of Japan. On the are in demand at present in Korea. eve of his departure for America on In the hope of supplying this demand, furlough, Dr. Pieters sends some in- more than thirty small Christian book teresting facts about this work. stores have been opened in various parts of the country, entirely aside There are now more than three from the regular mission book rooms. hundred members enrolled in the Loan Library Association. The col- Another comparatively recent deporteur of the Association has not velopment has been the launching of been idle, and has sold an average of two Christian magazines, The Theothree hundred books and tracts logical Review. a quarterly, and The monthly. The attendance 31t weekly Bible Magazine, bi-monthly.. meetings where weekly printed sermons are used, in the absence of any Exodus of Koreans Into Manchuria preacher, is now regularly over sixty every Sunday, and sometimes rises to DURING these days of trial in seventy or eighty. In one of the Chosen, many Koreans are miplaces where this is done there are grating into Manchuria. Three hunnow thirteen candidates for bap- dred thousand of them have settled tism. The amount taken in for in North Kando and some 200,000 books sold during the first six in West Kando (Manchuria). Rev. months of 1919 was larger than for W. 'T. Cook, a Presbyterian missionall of last year. This does not mean ary in Mukden, reports that there is financial gain, but is very significant an unusual opportunity of Christianas proof of a widening constituency izing that land through these Koand increasing evangelistic influence. reans, most of whom are Christians. The American Presbyterians (U. S. On account of great advance in the A.) and the .Scotch Presbyterians have a joint work in Hinking-, the cost of prinlting and advertising, the strategical center of the ';Vest Kanda newspaper work has been temporari- field, and there are there 40,000 ly suspended, but all other forms of Christians and 40 self-supporting staextension work have beeen actively tions. At Yongjung, the central carried on. station of North Kando field. there is an encouraging- work of Canadian What Japan Reads Presbyterians. The climate is ex- A SCRUTINY of the lish of 24,- 448 books published in Japan

1919J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tremely cold in winter and the immi- the equipment of native doctors for grants have suffered greatly from cold all Africa. and hunger. Over 75,000 Koreans have crossed the Yalu river into The Zulu is keen for medical Manchuria during the past year. training, and is capable of receiving There has been a great scourge of it. The young men' and women who influenza among them and the work have entered European or American of the missionaries has been impeded universi~ies have shown that in abilin many ways, but the outlook is ity they are little, if any, inferior bright if the church at home will to white students. The school prorise to the opportunity. posed must be small enough at first to allow for individual attlention to AFRICA each student, and must comprise at A Century of Christian Work In Sierra least five years of intensive study.

Leone Topoke TrIbe and Christianity I T is an "eye opener" to the average AMONG the villages in the Congo tourist to Sierra Leone-too apt region keenly alert totihe Gosto judge a place by the types around pel are those of the Topoke tribe, the harbor-to find a cathedral near an independent people along the the wharf, whqse clergy possess the south bank of the Congo river. The degree of either M. A. or B. A. Fur- Christian agencies most effectively thermore, an excellent university employed among them are the daily stands just outside the town, and a school and evangelistic services. At large number of African students present, sixteen Topoke villag-es are avail themselves of its privileges. under the care of native Christian Christian work has been going on workers, while a few other groups in Sierra Leone for more than a have erected school buildings and century, beginning with 1816. Uni- are expectantly awaiting the arrival versity degrees have been conferred of teachers. One of the Gospels and upon successJul students of Durham several hymns have been translated University for tlhe past forty years. into their own tongue.

The Christian. A cheering feature of this enter- prise is the friendly rivalry in the French Mission in Africa Transferred matter of regular contributions for the support of' teachers and evan- THE Methodist Episcopal Board gelists. of Foreij!"n Missions is to have control of a French Evangelical Mis- Andrew Murray Memorial sion in North Africa, accepting a suggestion to this effect by the THE missionary occupation of French colonial government. 200,000 square miles of terri- tory in Portuguese West Africa is Supplanting the Witch Doctor being maDped outl as a memorial to the late Dr. Andrew Murray. The DR. James B. McCord of Durban, proposed field extends westward South Africa, is planning, upon from the Zambezi to the Atlantic his reflurn to Natal. to open a medi- Ocean for a distance of 600 miles. cal school for Zulu young- men, so It is under Portuguese rule, and th.at they may g-o out among- their comprises the largest unevangelized own people and set them free from area south of the equator. It is imtheir age long bondage to the witch possible to make an accurate estidoctor. The Zulus excel other Af- mate of the pOPulation–probably rican tlribes in intellect and initia- between two and three million. tive, and Dr. McCord believes that this beginning will in time result in The plan provides for seven or eight principal centers at a distance

of 100 miles Of' more apart, each cen- Secretary of the Interior and Mr.

ter to have a staff of six to eight Jorge Bocobo, Dean of the Law workers whose chief duty, after School of the University of the learning the language, will be to Philippines, spoke with the same train native workers. _The laying appreciation of Protestant Missions out and equipping of each station and the work of Bible distribution.

will involve an expenditure of $4,000, with further sums for sta- France and the New Hebrides tions with medical or industrial THE following letter has come to workers_ The total amount needed Rev. Frank Paton, a son of John for equipping, sending out and the G. Paton. The writer was a painted, first year's maintenance of forty naked cannibal twenty-three years workers will be at least $125,000. ago, and as destitute of education as ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC of clothing. The letter voices a pro- Japan and Vatican Discuss 3lissions test against the turning over of the New Hebrides Islands to France.

JAPAN has administered the Caro- "I, lavis, desire to write this letter line, Marshall and Marianne is- to you, Frank Pa:on. I have heard lands of the Pacific since capturing again that France wishes to take them from Germany early in the Tanna, but I do not desire France on war. Captain Sato Yamamoto, Jap- Tanna. Formerly this land of Tan- anese naval attache in Rome, has na was dark with all sorts of evil now taken up negotiations with the ways but the Lord Jesus sent you to Vatican in regard to German Catho- Ta~~a with the help of the Holy lic missions on those islands. It Spmt to rescue me and Lomai and was reported that the Pope favored the whole people of Tanna. God an international corps of mission- has called away Lomai but I desire aries to supplant the German work- to say to you that if France comes ers. to Tanna she will destroy the work of Jesus on Tanna. For this reason The Bible in the Philippines I do not desire France on Tanna.

AT a recent luncheon :-,i~'en in This is my word and the word of all New York by the American Bi- the chief men of Tanna which I am saying to you, Frank Paton. ble Society to the Philippine Mission to the United States, the Secretary "Finished is my word to you. of the Society, Dr. Wm. I. Haven, Farewell. The Lord Jesus keep you called attention to the fact that dur- in your work." ing the American occupation of the The Presbyterian· Witness.

Philippines for the past twenty years the Bible had been translated into Missionary Association in HawaH eleven languages and dialects of the THE descendants of the early mis- archipelal!o and that two and a half sionaries to the Hawaiian Islands million Bibles, or portions, had been have formed themselves into an as- sociation which now includes nearly distributed.

Mr. Manuel Quezon, President' of 1,000 members. Most of these men the Philippine Senate and Chairman and women are interested in the of the visiting Mission, spoke with missionary work begun years ago enthusiasm of the results of Prot- by their ancestors, and aid the pres- estant Mission work among the Fili- e!1t day workers in every way pos- pinos; and assured the representa- SIble. Rev. Henry P_ Judd, one of tives of American Christianity that, the field secretaries of the Hawaiian a fter complete independence. every. Evang-elistic Association, which is effort would be made to assist the responsible for scores of churches various missions. Mr. Rafael Palma, and Sunday-schools in the islands, is

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

a descenda.nt of one of these pioneer foreign methods of cultivation of missionaries. The Continent. the soil. Too much food and too little work bring deplorable results.

Third, The white men's diseases Missionary Prospects in Java and epidemics that sweep off the NEARLY every native of Java, people by hundreds. if asked what his religion is, To counteract these conditions, the natives must have technical, phywould reply without hesitation that sical and moral education. Marriage laws should be observed by both nahe was an "Orang Islam," but in tives and foreigners. Both native point of fact the religion of most and Christian laws are now violated Javanese is a heterogeneous mixtu,e by the system of recruiting labor for .of Buddhist and Hindu rites, with the plantations. Boys and girls edua thin veneer of Mohammedanism. The average native is quite ignorant cated in mission schools come under evil influences on the plantations .of Mohammedan faith-he does not wi~h disastrous results. eat pig's flesh, and there the matter -ends. His religion is more of a The natives should be brought social and political factor in his life, more under Christian supervision, which possibly explains his bitter an- not only for intellectual and spirit- tagonism to Christianity. The Dutch ual instruction, but for training in missionaries have solved this prob- practical industries and for employlem by setting up separate Christian ment under wholesome conditions. villages for their converts, as soon Technical schools for industrial as the.·e are enough to form a nu- training would be a great help to both men and women in enablin~ deus. them to become self-supp-orting. An- All the Java missions under the other great need is for Christian planters, traders and builders who jurisdiction of the Established Prot- would endeavor to surround their estant Church of the Netherlands- employees with good influences and Indies include 25.000 Christians. In opport'Unities. addition, the Methodist Episcopal Church of America has been at work· The joint French and British Con- in Java for fifteen years, the Salva- vention for the New Hebrides is tion Army for twenty-five years, the very unsatisfactory and all who are British and Foreign Bible Society has work on a large scale, and there interested in the welfare of the naare other British and American mis- tives hope for some better form of sions. Java has a popUlation of Government. 33,500,000 natives, and only a be- gin~ing has been made in evangeli- zatton. GENERAL NEWS Deatll.~ in the New Hebrides The Palestine Bureau.at Work T A HE rapid destruction of the peo- CENTRAL Palestine Bureau of ple in islands like the New Heb- the Zionist Organization has ..ides is due chiefly to three causes: been established, and will decide under what industrial, administrative First, foreign clothes to which the native is not accustomed. When and other conditions the forthcom- ·wet, he does not change and so ing large scale colonization of Pales- tine shall take place. It will also catches cold and contracts consump- serve as central agency for the regution. He also has no facilities for lation and organization of Jewish imwashing clothes properly and the) migration into Palestine.

become filthy. Very little clothing The whole Zionist organization is needed. Second, .The lessened! necessity has been recast and transferred to for work due to the introduction of London since the close of the w,ar,

and has been divided into five ad- banks made famous by the ICansas ministrative offices: Political and boy who supported "mother's tenth Jewish Rights in the Diaspora, Gen- leper" by raising a pig and selling it eral Organization, Finance, Educa- for a sum sufficient to care for a tion, and Palestine. J.eper for a year. The teacher knew The Palestine office will deal with the Sunday-school had many' causes the problem of colonization in all to be presented but she knew also that its bearings. Its work consists at the Lord Jesus always found a place present in preparatory labors and in His full life for the lepers, so she measures which will pave the way told the story of the Kansas boy and for drawing up a complete program his pig and put the little bank down of colonization in Palestine. This on the table for special gifts. They office will undertake at once a sys- began to come in every week. Then tematic survey of agricultural Pal- some one wanted to take the pig estine to determine which areas should home for a week. On the next Sun- be put under cultivation and in what day he came back well fed. The manner. This is but a small part money was taken out and the pig'

of the varied work planned for the spent the next week in another home.

present year to prepare Palestine In a short time $25.00 had been for the new nation waiting eagerly given, and an interest in the lepers of the world had been begun in ~any to return to its old home. homes that had never given a The Sunday Scho~l Times.

The World FrIendship Alliance thought to the subject before. Such a bank with the story in a leaflet, AN American branch of The may be secured on application to Mr. World Alliance for International W. M, Danner, 156 Fifth Ave., New Friendship through the Churches York City, was organized last May with Dr.

William Pierson Merrill as president OBITUARY NO'l'ES and Dr. Henry A .. Atkinson as gen- Isaac Pierson of China eral secretary. The offices of the REV. ISAAC PIERSON; fot organization are at 70 Fifth Avenue, N ew York. The American Alliance – twenty years a missionary ill the is a part of a world-wide movement. American Board in Yu-cho and,P;J.(}~ The International Committee of the ting-fu, China, died at Berkeley~' Alliance met recently in Holland at The Hague. Cal., July 16. Mr. Pierson wa'sdis-'

The purpose of this organization triet secretary for New Engla'nd df is to foster just and friendly relations among the nations by means the American Tract Society .£tom 1904 until November, 1918,Wlien he resigned because of ill health.'

of conferences and an educational A. B. Simpson of New York propaganda through the Christian churches, schools, the press, and THE honored founder and Presi~ proper legislation. The , American dent of the Christian and Mis- Alliance will cooperate closely with sionary Alliance died at Nyack, the Federal Council of Churches, N. Y., October 29th, aged seventythe Interchurch World Movement four years. Dr. Simpson was born and other interdenominational or- and educated in Canada, came to. ganizations in the U~ited States. New York in 1881, and in 1887 founded the Christian Alliance which Cleanse the Lepers came to include the International During this year there will come Missionary Alliance. This organiza- ~any opportunities to think of the tion has sent out hund:-eds of foreign lepers and work for them. missionaries who are working in One woman took into her Sunday- many lands. A Missionary Training school class one of the little pig Institute is maintained at Nyack.

Spread of Christianity in the Mod- Christianizing of the world accord-

em Wodd. By Prof. Edward C. ing to that Gospel we must some- Moore. 8vo. 352 pp. $2.00 net. times think, in the center of Chris- The University of Chicago Press. tendom or in the days of the Great 1919. War, that we have hardly done more than to make a beginning." As Professor of Theology and Christian Morals at Harvard, and God's Responsibility for the War.. By President of the American Board Edward S. Drown, D. D. S6 pp. of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- $.60, cloth. The Macmillan Com- .sions, Professor Moore has unique pany, 1919. qualifications for writing thi~ survey of the extension of Christianity The subject of God's "responsifrom Apostolic days to the out- bility" for evil and suffering is here break of the World War. It is discussed in the light of the great the work of a student for students war. The discussion is chiefly conof history. Professor Moore re- cerned with the omnipotence of lates the progress of Christianity God. If God's power is not limto political expansion and educa- ited, why is it that He, a loving tional advancement. After dealing and good God, permits evil? Prof. with the early expansion. of Chris- Drown contends that we have ofttianity in the Roman Empire, he en had false conceptions of omnitakes up Europe from the middle potence, and becaus.e of such conages to the present day; the ex- ceptions "have made God responsipansion of Christian civilization ble," attaching limits to His power in America, Asia and Africa. in order to account for His good- ness. The author maintains that The second section of the book even if there is a limit to the powdeals with the Christian movement er of God, (he does not acknowlin the various mission fi.elds. It is edge that there is) it is rather a a brief but thoughtful treatise by cond.ition of His goodness and His a broad-minded, scholarly student moral greatness. Having estabof world movements, their causes lished a universe of unchanging ,and relationships. Many impor- law for the benefit of man's moral tant topics are omitted or very in- development, His .greatneo;s of adequately presented: such as the power is manifested in His self- Armenian situation, Egypt and restraint in not interfering. Being Arabia, the Chinese revolution, the a moral God, He cannot escape the Japanese political situation and the risks that are inseparable from Indian Mass Movements. Malay- every moral adventure. The ausia, Australasia, the Islands of the thor pleads for the belief that Pacific and Latin America are very goodness is itself omnipotent, and lightly touched upon; and modern that believing in the God revealed missions in Arctic regions are in Christ, Who suffers with us, omitted. In fact, the problems and and in "the omnipotence that is progress of Christianity in the last His alone-the omnipotence of a half century are much less satis- righteous and loving will," we can factorily treated than are the de- i/:>ravely work with Him, assured velopments of the preceding cen- that He will help us to the end. ;turies. The book is logical, concise and Professor Moore concludes by interesting. It stimulates thought, saying: "Of the mere proclamation even though the reader may not of the Gospel in all the world we agree with all the conclusions. have nearly made an end. Of the

The Opportunity for. Religion in the founded St. John's College, Ran- Present World Situation. By Har- goon, which is now the leading ry F. Ward. 12mo. 66 pp. $.60 educational institution in Burma. Some 15,000 pupils, including pau- net. The Woman's Press, New York. 1919.

This after-the-war book deals pers and princes, came under Dr.

with the "opportunity for religion Marks' remarkable personal influ- to lead humanity into a better way ence.

of living." Prof. Ward looks to a The story of Dr. Marks' work common religious dynamic to make is exceptionally interesting, as a world-democracy effective. He gathered by Rev. W. C. B. Purser, believes in Christianity as the re- from documents left by Dr. Marks ligion of hope and of the social and from letters and reports. It gospel, but he seems to base his is not a study of the Burmese or hope in the power of the Christian a dissertation on educational mis- ideal, rather than in the power of sions, but a simple, entertaining Christ Himself. and stimulating story of the mis- sionary's experience and observa- ::ealth and the Woman Movement. tions. On the occasion of his first By Clelia D. Mosher, M. D. 12mo. interview with King Mindon, Dr. 45 pp. 60 cents net. The Woman's Marks and some of his pupils were ushered into the throne room and . Press, New York. 1919. conversed with the king, while all Dr. Mosher, the medical adviser -.f women at Leland Stanford Junior University, in this lecture has the Burman officials knelt with given some excellent advice to elbows on the floor. Before the monarch were placed the "emwomen on being "racially fit and blems of royalty," a sword, a gold at the same time economically effi- betel-box and a gold spittoon. The cient." She believes that a woman King readily promised permission may overcome her physical limita- for Christian missionary work, and tions and cites the experience of offered to give land and buildings women in the European war to for a church and Christian schools. show that they can fight and work under constant and nervous physi- He proudly refused contributions cal strain as efficiently as men. from outside, saying, "I wish no Dr. Mosher does not advocate assistance in my works of merit." .women becoming masculine, but The king also promised that if his only that they attain the ideal of own sons wished to become Chrisa perfect body as a suitable recep- tians he would not oppose them. Dr. Marks died in 1915 at the tacle for a beautiful soul. age of eighty-three.

Forty Years in Burma. By J. E. Marks. Illustrated. 8vo. 307 pp. $3.50 net.' The Making of the Church of England E. P. Dutton & Co., New York, 1917. A. D. 597-1087. By Thomas Allen Tid- Forty years (1859-1899) in the ball, D. D. 8vo. 227 pp. $2.00: The mission field is a long time-long Stratford Co., Boston, Mass., 1919. enough to give a thorough knowl- This is the substance of a course edge of the people, long enough to of historical lectures given by the note the influence of the Gospel on author to his classes in a Southnon-Christian peeple, long enough ern University. It covers in a for tremendous changes to take most interesting and helpful manplace, long enough to test a man's ner the five centuries mentioned value as a missionary. All of in the title, and shows clearly the these advantages are manifest in parts played respectively by Kentthis record of Dr. Marks' life and ish and Northumbrian Christianity work in Burma. He was one of and by the Irish, Scotch and British the great educational missionaries .churches in the progress and de- of the Church of England, and velopment of English Christianity until at length the com- cially because a missionary accoming of the Nomans led to the panied the authors on this tour. definite union of the English The impartiality of treatment of Church with the Continental and missionary work is obvious, to- Roman influences prevalent at that gether with a good deal of caution. time. The book will prove a dis- Thus on one page it is said that tinctly useful guide to those who the question of how much the wish to study this period. missionaries are able to accom- plish from a religious standpoint The main objection to the au- the "writers do not wish to disthor's position is that Wakeman's cuss," though it is admitted that book is regarded as authoritative, the missionaries are potent factors when those who know English in the educational development of church history best are fully aware the people. 'hat it is written with a very strong bias against everything Reunion in Eternity. By W. Robertson Protestant. It has been well de- Nicoll. 12mo. $1.50 net. 292 pp. scribed as " a novel with a pur- Geo. H. Doran Co. 1919. pose." Then, unfortunately, the proofs of this book have been in- The editor of The British Weekly adequately read, with the result has produced a delightful book perthat there are misprints of names taining to the future life. The and 'other terms, which are unwor- work is eminently sane, and the thy of so good and useful a work. treatment of the theme is sug- In the second edition, which it is gestive rather than dogmatic. Sir much to be hoped and rightly ex- Robertson Nicoll has a way of pected this book will demand, stating truth which makes a diffithese errors should certainly be cult subject clear, and at the same corrected. time carries conviction.

Camps and Trails in China. By Roy For those who have recently Chapman Andrews and Yvette Borup been bereaved this book will be Andrews. Large 8vo. 334 pp. $3.00 not only a comfort, but a spiritual net. D. Appleton & Company, New tonic. It cannot fail to stimulate York, 1919. faith, and quicken the desire of the reader for a more intimate fellow- This is a story of exploration ship with Christ here as a prepinto unknown and wild parts of aration for the wonders of the life Northern China, told by the lead- which is beyond. er of the expedition. He was sent by the American Museum of Nat- The rapid rise of spiritualism, ural History to explore and to caused by the war, and the natural collect specimens. His wife, who desire of friends to communicate is an expert photographer, accom- with those who have died, has -led panied her husband, and secured many into strange and unwholesome most interesting illustra- some practices. The perusal of a tions which are reproduced in this book of this character is a correctvolume. The authors mingled with ive for any such inclination. Its over thirty little known tribes, and sanity as compared with the vasecured a vast assortment of rare porings of some publications on the animals. The book contains a rec- them that are called according to ord of many thrilling experiences His purpose." during their journey of a thousand miles _ by caravan into districts Part one uf the book contains a where news of the outside world number of essays, most of which is said never to penetrate. It is have appeared in The British Weeknatural to look carefully at the ref- ly. Each essay is complete in erences to missionary work, espe- itself. The main conclusions are that the believers at death pass into the immediate presence of Christ; that they are purified, en- mention the names of those who lightened, perfected, and that they report .these answers, but they have blessed reunion with those state that each case can be subthey have loved and who have stantiated. This of course strengthgone before. In peace these souls ens the impact made by the book. await the Second Advent, Resur- An index adds to its usefulness. rection and Judgment. The sec- The division into chapters, contion closes with quotations from taining such headings as, "The Re- Tennyson, Dante, Luther, and oth- covery of the Sick," "For Finaners on the future state. cial Aid," "Deliverance in Time of Danger," and "For Guidance," Part two is a series of testimo- make an instant appeal· to the nies on the subject of reunion with reader. Such a collection is like loved ones, grouped under relation- a note-book of the results of laborships as parents and children, atory experiments. brothers and sisters, husbands, wives and friends. This likewise The White Eagle of Poland. By E. F. concludes with testimonies from Benson. l2mo. $1.50. 255 pp. Geo. history and literature. The very H. Doran Co. 1919. fact that the book is not formal in tone, or systematic in treatment, Poland has had a complicated makes it the more easily read, and history which is made plain in gives a sense of freedom and nat- these pages. With real insight and uralness to the thought. perfect candor the author pictures the tangled situation, and shows God Over All. By Dr. A. T. Schofield. clearly that Poland is of vital im- 12mo. 109 pp. Pickering and Inglis. portance to the Allies. This un- Glasgow, 1919. fortunate country, which has played battle-dore and shuttlecock These brief and rather sketchy in history, is now to be a part of chapters are written to bring the cordon of states which are to brightness and cheer to those who thwart German expansion eastare suffering or sorrowing. The ward. The danger, however, of aged especially will be pleased with falling under the influence of the this as a devotional book for the Teutons has not passed, and the quiet hour. The busy pastor seek- author makes this very real. He ing for a little present to send to has given us a readable· account a shut~in, or to one who is de- of this Polish problem which has prived of sight, will find what he been called the most gigantic quesis looking for in this· little work, tion of international politics. for the key-note is, "We know that all things work together for good The Realities of Modern Science. By to them that love God, and to John Mills. 12mo. 327 pp. $1.50. them that are called according to His The Macmillan Co. 1919. purpose." This well named book for the I Cried, He Answered. 12mo. 127 pp. general reader affords a picture of Bible Institute Colportage Association. molecules, atoms, electrons, etc., in Chicago, 1919. modern dress. There is no at- tempt at text-book style, but the This is a compilation of remark- effort is made to introduce the reable and newly published answers cent applications of science in a to prayer. The circumstances are readable way. The plan of the augiven in each case with a view to thor in the opening chapters is strengthening faith. They serye historical and social, while the rebes't who pray, and they serve mainder of the book gives the apwhile they are praying. This is plications and relations of the the motive of the book. The edi- forms of energy which are contors have thought it wise not to sidered. For those who seek a mindedness." Chaplain Keable non-technical introduction to mod- seems to be somewhat of this type, ern science this volume will prove of interest. The analogies with the with additional emphasis on Jesus spiritual world, while not brought Christ as friend and the Saviour out by the writer, will be appar- of men. His weak point seems to ent to the reader whose mind is trained to observe such parallels. be that while he emphasizes the need for church unity and calls Fundamental Doctrine of the Christian attention to some very real failings Faith. By Rev. R. A. Torrey, D. D. of the Church, he does not point 12mo. 328 pp. $1.40 net. Geo. H. out the real basis of Christian Doran Co., New York, 1919. unity, surrender and loyal obe- dience to Jesus Christ in letter and Christians need to have truths in spirit. of the Bible and the Christian religion restated from time to time Dr. Elsie Inglis. By Lady Frances by one who believes in them. Dr. Balfour. 8vo. 264 pp. $1.50. George Torrey, evangelist and teacher of H. Doran. 1919. Los Angeles Bible Institute, is well qualified to do this in a way The life of Dr. Elsie Inglis was to help young Bible students. He laid down in the great war as a takes up the Deity of Christ, the sacrifice for her beloved Serbia. Holy Spirit, Regeneration, Sancti- Born in India, reared in a cultured fication and other doctrines, so Christian home, educated in Edinmuch discussed and so often mis- burgh, Glasgow and Paris, Dr. understood today. Inglis developed into well rounded womanhood. As a pioneer woman Standing By. By Robert Keable. 8vo. in the study of medicine, she was 271 pp. $2.00. E. P. Du.tton & Co. enabled to attain success in her New York, 1919. profession through the encourage- ment of a wise father, and her This British Colonial Chaplain- own indomitable will. an African Missionary-gives us the benefit of his war time re- When the war broke out, the flections in France and Flanders. call of suffering Serbia became so They are human~too entirely hu- insistent in her heart that she man perhaps for a chaplain~but could not restrain the desire to they give a man's view of the serve where the need was so great, causes of "the desolation of Eng- and pushed through every political lish religion" and the remedy he barrier until she had blazed the believes will come in the reunion trail for the British Women's Hosof the Christian Church. Chaplain pital Service, and had taken her Keable shows the good and evil own well .equipped unit to Serbia. effects of army life. "Nine Eng- But her service was not long. In lishmen out of ten," he says, "no 1917 she developed the disease longer desire the religious system which caused her death, and after in which a special order of minis- a long and painful voyage to Engters is a necessity. All they ask land, reached a hospital only a of a padre is that he shall be a few hours before death. genial, all-round, broad minded, good chap, a smoker, not averse The spirit which enabled her to to a glass of whiskey and soda, overcome obstacles is the same athletic and a speaker who will spirit which leads pioneer missionspeak straight out on common aries into fields of greatest ignor- "sense things like clean living at bot- ance and distress. The story of tom," duty, honesty, patriotism, gen- her life cannot but be an. inspiratlemanliness, good humor, broad- tion to young women who are planning their lives for the great- est good to humanity. ONE PHYSICIAN AGAINST FIF- out of their hands, so I said we TEEN MEDICINE MEN must first pray to God to help us, The chief wife of the native Shan for unless God helped us and ruler of Mongnai State had an ab- blessed our work it would all be in scess form over her left shoulder, v;lin. After prayer we got busy- which gradually grew worse despite fulfilling the prophecy of the British native treatment. She told the local official by using the knife very free- British official about it and he ad- ly indeed, not once but on several vised her to call me to treat her, different occasions before she got but she demurred, saying, "But he well, but thanks be to God, she did will cut me!" To which the British get well and is now as strong as official readily assented, saying it ever-but she will carry that scar must be cut in order to get well for the rest of her life!

again. This frank statement as to For four months we went to the what I might do to her was not palace daily and worked for an hour sufficiently attractive for her to each day in treating our royal pa- abandon her native doctors until tient, who rapidly became free from three weeks had passed from the pain, and was able to sleep and to time the abscess had become very eat whatever she wanted. At first painful; and when she was suffering I had to lay the law down very em- day and night with the.pain, which phatically about those fifteen na- kept steadily increasing, and when tive medicine men and myself-I her condition made her an object of simply would not stand co-laboring disgust to those around her, she fin- with them; it was either my services ally called me to treat her. When alone, or else I would go and she she did call me she had fifteen of could have them all back again!

the best medicine men she could get After two days' treatment, however, in the country treating her, and she she felt so much better that I had was so weak that she had to be held no trouble whatever with my medi- up in a sitting posture by four fe- cal rivals, who disappeared from the male attendants. The abscess was scene, much to my relief, for one can now almost as large as one's two never tell out here what is going on hands held together, while her gen- behind the scenes! Day by day I ~ral condition made me despair of was able to preach a little to the saving her life. The large abscess Princess and her attendants, and . had had no washing or any anti- also prayed with her and taught her septics whatever, and was covered to pray. Of her own free will and by a large green leaf I The native without my urging it, she promised doctors had all said that the abscess to attend once each month the was due to an evil spirit which had preaching services in our chapel- entered the Princess, so their treat- which promise she has partially kept, ment was confined to sprinkling at least. Prayer was mClde for her by powered bark over the abscess, cov- our people both in private and in pub- ering it with green leaves, and in lic, so we did not depend ~ 11 medical muttering incantations over their un science alone. The woman has not fortunate but loyal and obedient pa- yet accepted Christ. but we have tient, whom they had also nearly labored and prayed and soW'n the starved by denying her many foods. sed, so who can say it wiH never A very hasty inspection of the ul- bear fruit? Certain it is that out ceration was enough for me to see medical work has achieved some what I was up against with fifteen prestige from this case and the na~ hostile medicine men around just tive ruler and his wife are maR wanting a chance to. put in their oar grateful and friendly to us than ever and to make trouble for one who before.-From a letter of Dr. H. C.

was taking a very profitable patient Gibbens, Mongnai, Burma.

l'The Crisis in Church and College"

A STIRRING BOOK FOR THE NEW ERA BY THE WELL KNOWN WRITER Dr. G. W. McPherson, of Yonkers, N. Y.

(Author of "The Modern Conflict Over the Bible" 25,000 In Second Edition,Cloth) Supt. of The Old Tent Evangel Evangelistic Committee. New York City. The Crisis Vol Cloth. 1919.250 pages. Price $1.45.

Distributed by Yonkers Book Co., Yonkers, N. Y. G. W. lV.lc.Ph~rson.

This book gives results of correspondence with 211 Presidents of Colleges. theological seminaries and preparatory schools. submitting excetl>t. and letters in full on every vital religious question as. the history of the Bible. inspiration. higher criticism. evolution, missions. students and tea.chers problems. social service. place of Christ in modern thought. and is endorsed by clergy. educators, laymen. men and women everywhere, It is the book for the thinking people of this new age. Would make a deairable Holiday Gift.

Testimonials tbat Count Dr. James M. Gray . Los Angeles Bible Institute Dean. Moody Bible Institute: "I have read your Dr. R. A. Torry, Dean: "Rush by express 100 copies otirring book and am preparing a commendatory review of it for the "Christian Workers Magazine." In this of.your Crisis volume. I am profoundly stirred by review Dr, Gray said: "It is the only book of its kind." this book," Telegram sent by Rev, Dr. Horton, Supt. of this institution of 400 Bible students.

Dr. Len G. Broughton Dr. Mark A. Matthews Noted Northfield Speaker: "It is one of the ablest",res- Ex-Moderator, Presbyterian Church of America: entations of the religious questions that has appeared "Send 100 copies of your book to my church in Seattle. In our Bible Conference here your great book was in our day, I shall study this book further." praised and 100 copies were sold, except a few which —- I am sending to some friends…

Rev. Paul Rader ~D~r-.~A-.~C~.~D~i'x-on———— Pastor. the Moody Church. Chicago: "I have been praying three years for this book. I think the Moody Church will want 1.000 copies. In this first " have read lour book with profound interest. It is great chapter built of excerpts from the radical text-I a message an greatly needed today, With the ex· books and reference books used in our religious edu- ception of one or two minor matters, I give it my cation, you have all the serum." hearty endorsement."

"Please print the following words on the front page of your book Entitled, THE CRISIS IN CHURCH AND COLLEGE; The time has come for every Chrj,otian to be counted. The roll callis now going on and everyman who pretends to be a Christian must answer YES or NO to the question, "Are you absolute!y loyal to Jesus Christ, the eternal Son of God?" It is lolly for us to make an attack upon the athe.im, agnosticsbn, skepticism and anarchy being preached from the street corner or the soap boxes, when we are pennilting teachers in our schools and colleges to produce .uch ecclesiastical and politic"l anarchists. To make an attack upon the effect and not uproot the cause is superficial work. To attack the soap box orator who has been created by the anarchistic teachings of our schools is not striking at the source of the evil.

The schools or this land must he purged; the public school must be redeemed, the colleges and universities and seminaries must be purged, cleansed, purified, fumigated and saved from the infamous teachings of the va..t. W~ do not want "nything in this country that carried the label, "~!,>de in Germany."

We are cursed today with the rationalism, the socialism and anarchy of rationalistic Gennan teachings We have sa,'ed the world from German autocracy. we. must save America's schools, homes and children, and political factors from the infamy of rationalism. 'socialism and German anarchistic t~achings.

The book written hy Dr. McPherson, one of the most loyal men in America, entitled The Crisis in Cht'rch and College ought to be in the hands of every patriotic American citizen. It should be on the de..k of every preacher. and it should he in the home of every Christian.. J commend to all and urge everyone to read it carefullv. Dr. McPherson stated the fact" (Signed) M. A MATTHEWS.

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Order from your denominational Mission Board or from the Interchurch World Movement of North America Missionary Education Department 160 Fifth Avenue New Yark City YOU CAN STAY AT HOME Did You Ever See a and BLIND BIBLE?

PREACH THE GOSPEL TO We have Bibles for the MOHAMMEDANS blind, also in 53 Ian guages. Some immi- through grant, soldier, sailor, or poor person is waiting The American Christian Literature for a Bible. Will you supply it? Society for Moslems Send your donation (Incorporated in 1915 today.

This Society is Interdenominational. Committees of Missionaries Cooperate on the Fields. The Literature is Adapted to Moslems. The Messages are Thoroughly Evanl'elical. The Tracts are Printed Attractively. They go where no Missionaries are allowed. They can be read in secret and repeatedly.

Many Moslems have been converted Every kind of Bible for sale; Oxtord, Bag-ster, Cambridge, Holman, Nelson, at through tracts. SPECIAL DISCOUNTS. Will you help give Moslems the Gospel?

Write for mformatlon as to memberShiP. needs. sample tracts, meetings 01 auxlliari es, etc., to MRS. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Secretary Universal Bible Sunday Dec. 7.

Box 888, New YOY'k City Endorsed by official bodies of nearly all churches. OTHER O'PICERS QP THE SOCIETY Free Literature DRer.v.RSoabmeruteEl .MR.vZewere. r0n1erN, Dew.DY.,oorkf. Cairo, President. Vl(1e-Prealdent. Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, VIce-President. Dr. Jamefl L. Barton. Mrs. Wm. Borden•• Dr. Frank Muon North. Mn. Wm. B. HUt. Mr.. Fennell P. TumBr. Mlss Anna L. J)awes. Dr. Charles B. Tyndall. Mrs. Finley J. Shepard. Dr. Charles R. Watson. Mrs. D. L. Pierson. NEW YORK BIBLE SOCIETY SBND Gins ro . 675 MadiBon Ave_ – Mft!, E. E. Olcott. 322 W. 75th St,. New York, Trea8. (1I0th year) NEW YORK Pl….e mention THII MISSIONARY RBVIEW OF THE WORLD In writing to advertisers

__- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -____________,XN

The War WANTED The Flu And the Sunday-schools One of our advertisers who manufactUM'8 a product desired by church.., and who has Startling statements have been go- found the advertising columns of the Review ing the rounds as to great losses in very profltable, desires the services: of some Sunday-school membership in the last c1f'rgym~n. la.ymen and women who can furtwo or three years. ther the enterprise•.

Are these statements true? He will pay. Substantial Commi·.ion For the Servi~es Performed If true, just what are the facts? If you are Interested we will he ~Iad to put you And if true, what is the remedy? in touch with this advertiser. The oppor- tunity is worthy of your Investigation. Do you know what successful steps have already been taken by Sunday- Business Department schools to make up war and epidemiclosses, and to hold or restore member- Missionary Review Pnblishing Go., Inc. ship and attendance? 156 Fifth Ave. New York. There are some Sunday-schools, you know, that have not only held their own but have STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP, MANAGE· actually increased their membership and attendance during these times. MENT, CIRCULATION, ETC., REQUIRED BY THE ACT OF CONGRESS OF AUGUST 24, Have you investigated the condition of 1912, OF THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF your own school, so that you know ex~tly THE WORLD, published monthly at Cooperstown, what the need (r loss or gain is there? N. Y., for Octobet, 1919 For some months past The Sunday School State of New Y Ot"k, County of New York, ss: Times has been investigating this subject that is of such vital importance to the very life of Before me, a notary public in and for the county the Sunday-schuo!s of North America. aforesaid, personally appeared Delavan L. Pierson. who having been duly sworn. according to ~a~. deposes ~nd Every section of North America is being says that he is the EdItor of the MISSIonary Revle~ scoured for authentic material that will be of of the World, and that the following is to the best of hiS tremendous value to your school. knowledge and belief, a true statement of the ownership, All kinds of Sunday-schools are being in- ~a~h!e~~~~s~iddp~biic~ti~~ 1f~~e~h:hda~;r~hl~~~n?n e~h~ cluded in this investigation, small and lat-ge, city and country, so that all may move for- above caption, required by the Act of August 24, 1912, ward together in the new era of opportunity. embodied in section 443, Postal Laws and Regulations, printed on the reverse side of this form, to wit: You can get the benefit of the full results of this investigation in only one way: by 1. That the name and addresses of the publisher, pt~lrs'h~~nMf~~i~n~~~oRe~~wbP~b[is~hl:;n~~fne;a~;~ :Inc., 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Ed:tor. Delavan L. Pierson. 156 Fifth Avenue, NeVI York City.

2. That the owners are (give names and addresses of IT'dividual owners, or if a corporation. give its name and the names and addresses of stockholders owning or holding 1 per cent or more of the total amount of stock.) in your home and school. Missionary Review Publishing Co., Inc.• 156 Fifth Ave., The articles covering this whole subiect will New York City: ~{rs. Wm. Borden, Englewood. N. J.; commence this autumn, and continue into the winter. Tbey will give a wealth of practical, M'"ss Eli7abeth Bi1Iin~s, 279 Madison Avenue, New York soundly successful material, showing how any and every school can more than overcome the City; Edwin M. Bulkley, Englewood. N. J.: Ralph L. set-back of the last few years. Cutter. 219 Clinton Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.: R. A. Doan, And in every issue you get a dozen unusual 3944 Forest Avenue. Norwood. Ohio: H. N. Dougherty, lesson-hell] feaf'lres, on the International Improved Uniform Lessons, by the best Bible Brooklyn. N_ Y_; Mrs. C. R. Erdman.. Princeton, N. J.; teachers in North America. ~amt1el H_ GiJ1espie, Odgen Place. Morristown, N. J.; D. R Gamble, Cincinnati. Ohio; Manly R. Hubbs. Hunt- }~~d~nc~n~;; ~~rW~_ ~~wH~i. 6~~~~k!e;~f:.etN~Y~; Wm_ A1bert Harbison, Pittsburg, Pa.; Aliee MeD. Kort. right, Huntinfrton, L_ I.; Mrs_ John S_ K,.nnedy, 400 Park Avenue, New York City; R. A_ Long, Kansas City, ~'N~iI[asi43HW~~c~~ilirt'St;~~~~bNl~' {;,~k? C~~; N.Ut~ P;erson, Trustee, 10 Elston Road. Montclair, N_ J. j Jas. H. Post, 129 Front Street, New York City: Mrs_ A. F.

Schauffier, 400 Park Avenue, New York City, Robert E.

~~:d'e, ~I~~:J~~3: ~hi(r; Jr~~nJ. SLi~i~:;~n:8~ayT:t"~ Clevehmd Ohio; Mrs. C. P_ Turner, 1506 Walnut Street, But the ..ry best tWng about tWo Every- Week Interd6nominatioJlal .Jourm".l for Philadelphia. Pa .· Mrs. Wm. Reed . ;ThMnmisspsoMna, ~54R45. OQ Aoults in Birle Study and Telching, Northumberla nd Ave., P ittsburgh, Pa a~~~~Je 2~o;k=~~28nE;~~:~e;ap'a?:.aE~~·t ~r!~ke. ~~ e" '" « Sunday-School Management, and T-: John C. Wick, Youngstown, Ohio; C_ E. Welch, the Christian I ife and Service, l' i. that it stands for the whole Westfield, N. Y. j WaIter McDou~l1, 191 Lorraine Bible as the infallible '1('9 ~:ir~uN. ¥.~n~isi:. H~~rl~lta AR;~~PJ 51rw.eri4rS~:: THE Qi j,~l'..", W ord of God, and the New York. ,<', shed blood of J ems 3. That the known bondholders, mortgagees.. and other SUNDAY SCHOOL OJ?: as the only way security holders owning or holding 1 per cent or more of TIMES COMPANY 01 salva.tion. total :.lmount of bonds, mortgages and other securities are: None. 1031 Walnut 51., Phil.. (Signed) Delavan L. Pierson_ 74 " ,~O For the 25 cents enclosed plea.se send The Sunday t,. … ~,. Sworn to and subscribed before me this 6th day of '0 "'$ School Times for to.weeks to November, 1919.

N a m e – – – – – – – _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ('..~ Caroline Bahr, ________________________ t,. N~~iifi~a~~Iifiierf:t~~s~.r g~~n~. 167, Also in register's office No. 1292, Address My commission expires March 30, 1921.

Please mention THJII MISSIONARY R:Brvmw 0::8' THE WORLD in writing to advertiser& NEW BOOKS ON MISSIONS BOOKS WITH the mark of a book Ca'l'!linued from page XII PURPOSE written to meet a need The Acts. By Charl.es. R. Erdman. V 16mo. 176 pp. Westmmster Press. 1919.

Jesus and the Young Man of Today. THERE IS a growing feeling By John M. Holmes. 170 pp. $1.00.. that the books of Association ,The Macmillan Co., New York. Press are books published 1919. . "for me"-that they really are "Books with Purpose, Gcd's Highway. By W. Y.· Fullerton. 12mo. 199 pp. 35. 6d. Morgan & Scott.

Failure and Recovery. By Harrington C. Lees. 16mo.· 120 pp. 25. 6d. Mor- gan & Scott.

The Christian Movement in the Japa- written to meet a need." nese Empire. Year BODk for 1919. Conference of Federated Missions, Have you these NEW books? Tokyo. That One Face (Cloth $1.25) Christian Doctrine. By R. W. Dale. 12mo. $1.50. George H. Doran Co., Richard Robert. New York. 1919. Intervention in Mexico Student Witnesses for Christ. By S. Ralph Harlow. 94 pp. $0.60. Asso- S. G. Inman (Paper Board. $1.50) ciation Press, New York. 1919. The New Spirit in Industry Missions Overseas. Edited by H. U. Weitbrecht Stanton. 126 pp. 2s. 6d. F. Ernest Johnson (Cloth $ .75) Society for the Promotion of Chris- tian. Knowledge, London, 1919. Building on Rock (Cloth $ .75) The Religion of Israel. By George A. Henry Kingman Barton. 289 pp. $3.00. The Mac- millan Co., New York. 1919.

Jewish Contributions to Civilization. By Joseph Jacobs. 334 pp. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia. 1919.

The Encycoipedia of Islam. A diction- Sex and VEe (Cloth $ .60) ary of the geography, ethnography, and. biography of Mohammedan peo- T. W. Galloway ples. Two volumes, 64 pp. each. 4s. each volume. Luzac, London. 1916. Relillious Experience of Israel The Land of Promise. By H. G. Hard- William J. Hutchin. (Cloth $1.90) ing. 116 pp. 2s. Christian Mission- ary Society, London. 1919.

Cooperation in India. By Henry W. Hearth and Altar (Cloth $1.25) Wolff. 352 pp. 12s. Thacker, Lon- don. 1919. O. L. Joaeph The Story of Serampore and its Col- Between Two Worlds lege. By George Howells and A. C. Underwood. 85 pp. Serampore. 1919. John He.ton Willey (Cloth $1.25) Social Ideals in India. By William Ask your bookstore Paton. 112 pp. Is 3d. U. C. M. E. or write to U8 London. 1919. ASSOCIATION PRESS Moung Ting. Story of a Burmese Boy. 16mo. 112 pp. 25. Society for 347 Madison Avenue, New York the Propagation of the Gospel, Lon- don.

Tama. Diary of 'a Japanese School Girl. By Florence Wells. 16mo. 63' pp. $.0.75. The Woman's Press, New York, 1919.

Plee.ae mention. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW 011 THII WORLD In writing to advertisers

A Great

At the forefront in these troubled times, facing a race antagonism of inten!'e bitterness, with frequent o~inou:;. outbreaks of mob violence-a. situation becoming daily graver and inOl:e tense, stands The American Missionary Association The Age-Ld,ng Friend of The Lowly and Oppressed Over against the hatred, contempt, injustice, bru- tality, and clueItyof the day it sets the religion of Jesus Christ With bve at its heart,-a religion which inevitably m!J,kes for the highest moral standards: for justice, fair play, sympathy, brotherly kindness.

forbearance. and chivalry.

This great faith the Association expresses chiefly in the terms of Christian Education. .

For more than half a century it has been deep in the task of tr3.inihg Negro youth for freedom and for citizenship. It is the founder of seven notable insti- tutions-Fisk, Hampton, Atlanta, Talladega, Touga- loo, Straight. and Tillotson-and of scores of lesser RAW MATERIAL schools. It is now sustaining wholly or in pal t five colleges for Negroes besides twenty-five secondary schoolb (nor~al, indu~trial, and agricultural) with a.

teaching forc~ of about five hundred and with nine thousand pupils.' .

a The Association has from the first been a Teacher of Teachers and Leader of Leaders. Its graduates are to be found ~verywhere among the foremost men of the race. .

While unsecta:f.ian, our schools are deeply Christian.

They admit no $habby work, but insist upon high standards of: scholarship in both teacher and pupil.

They aim at sylmnetrical manhood, training head, hand. and hel),rt together. To the development of the intellect they add the discipline of self-reliance. sin- cerity, indust.fY. reverence. pat.riotism, fitness for life.

The commUnities in which our institutions stand are distingui!'hedfor;morality, prosperity, high standards of living. and ~hat self-respect which wins the respect of others. I~ alp!ost every case they are marked by kindly. neighborly relations between the races.

To the AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION The Association asks its friends to sup- Dept. MR, 2.87 Fourth A"enue~ New York City port its earnest purpose,- Desiring a share In your great task of peacemak· ETEADILY to carryon our work in the ing, I send the enclosed contribution. fa! of advancing prices; Amount •••……….• USTLY to increase the salaries of five hu dred devoted missionary teachers; Name ……………………………….. , .. PROMPTLY to repair or to replace outworn buildings and equipment; Addr…………………………………… ,.

BOLDLY to meet with new undertak- . inlts the challenge of the new day.

. : , Pl…..e mention THIll MISSIO>lAllY R",.Vll!lW. OF THIll WORLD 1n wrltlnl( to. ad….rtI…,..

following announcement was sent to e~ry Presbyterian Pastor in NO#ember

Has your Church adopted the program?

MAKE IT KNOWN IN DECEMBER THE NEW ERA MOVEMENT in its CHRONOLOGICAL PROGRAM for 1919-1920 .Iecommends that the FOREIGN MISSIONARY WORK of the ChUlch be especially emphasized puring December. THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS therefore presents for adoption by all Presbyterian Churches the following program: SUNDAY, December 7. PASTOR'S DAY.

lHEME: "The New Era Foreign Missionary Task of the Presbyterian Church." Every pastor to preach on this theme in his own pulpit. or another PuiEit by exchange.

AVAlLABLE LITERATURE; Annual Report of the Board which all ministers receive from the Stated Clerk of the General Assembly. Items of special value are marked on the margin. Lake Gerieva Address of Rev. A. W. Halsey, D. D. This address is for Pastors of Presbyterian Churches only until after December 7th. After that date it can be secured in quantities for free distribution. It will be sent to all pastors.

SUNDAY, December 14. LAYMEN'S DAY.

rnEME: "Near East Facts." Five-minute addresses by laymen at the regular church services in place of the sermons. FCUR LAYMEN in each of the 10,000 Presbyterian Churches at the morning service-FORTY rnOUSAND LAYMEN. FOUR LAYMEN at each of the two service_EIGHTY THCU~AND LAYMEN.

AVAILABLE LITERATURE: A Laymen's Packet of five-minute addresses on the needs and opportunities in the war-torn countries of Syria and Persia where the Presbyterian Church has a Spiritual "Mandatory."

SUNDAY, December 21. SUNDAY SCHOOL DAY.

rnEME: "Christmas Land." An exercise under that title. for use by Sunday Schools.

has been prepared by Lt.-Col. John H. Finley. President of the University of the State of New York and American Red Cross Commissioner to Palestine and the Near East. Sample copies and order blanks are being sent to all Sunday School Superintendents and Pastors.

The annual Christmas Sunday-school offering for Foreign Missions authorized by the General Assembly, and part of the New Era Budget and Program will be for the children of Syria made homeless by the War, for whom the Presbyterian Church is responsible.

OrtIers for ..Allailable Literature" IlhoultI be sent to December Department Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City

the Gre, National MOlement to Perpetuate

the. Names of Those Who Served in the Great World War SURELY; you will honor perma- nently those from your Church or Sunday School who helped defend i our cou~ti-y. in the most stupendous of all wars.

R.eplace your temporary service flag with an ex- quisite testimonial of imperishable Bronze which faith- fully reproduces the sculptor;s best workmanship and is in true accord with recognized fine art standards.

We make many handsome designs and each tablet is individually made to ~ntain any number of honor names, also an in- scription of your • own choosing, and such a testimonial .will dignify any room or building.

ONE OF OUR MANY HANDSOME DESIGNS Liberty Honor Testimonials, in addition to being best for the purpose, cost less than other tablets of inferior appearance. We offer a wide range of styles, sizes and prices for your selection.

Write for illustrated Catalog No. 19 A, st(ltillg num- ber of stars in service flag and character of organ- lzation contemplating erection of testimonial tablet.

Liberty Bronze Works General Offices: 611 W. 49th St. ,New York "KNOWN PROM COAST TO CCMSTu