The Missionary Review of the World — November 1935

1935

Conquest By Healing in Ethiopia T. A. Lambie Christianity in the New India Richard Burges Crucial Issues in Latin America .

John A. Mackay .

The March of Events in·Mexico Kenneth G. Grubb The Harvest in Hyderabad, Deccan Charles W. Posnett German Neo-Pagan Faith Movement w. O. Lewis Can We Interest Men in Missions?

George A. Brown 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Yeat'

to Remember Christmas Gift

November 3-9-Christian Home Week. C. T. Studd, Cricketer and Pioneer November 17-Men and Missions Sun- The epic story of C. T. Studd, the famous day. Topic: "Jesus Christ and the cricketer, will appeal to all lovers of missionary World Today." For source material biography. "C. T." was one of the best all-round write to the Laymen's Missionary players that the game ever produced, and re- Movement, 19 S. La Salle St., Chi- nounced wealth and position to answer the call cago. of God to foreign service. Courageously he faced a life of hardship and danger with remarkable December 7-,-Universal Bible Sunday. self-denial and endurance, first in China and then in the very heart of Africa, pioneering for God. December 30-31-Conference with Dr. :Kagawa on the Relation of the Illustrated, $1.25. Churches to the Cooperative Move- ment. Indianapolis, Ind. The Triwmph of~__. . . . . John and Betty December 28, 1935-January I, 1936- Stam Student Volunteer Convention. In- dianapolis, Ind.

January IS-17-National Conference on the Rural Church. Washington, D. C.

July 6-12_Twelfth World's Sunday School Convention. Oslo, Norway.

By Mrs. Howard Tavlor Personal Items You have read newspaper accounts of John _ _ MR1 and Betty Stam, who were martyred by Chinese nowARD TAYLOR communists last fall. Now read this permanent The Archbishop of York (Dr. Wil- record of consecrated lives. It is particularly liam Temple), known as a leader both recommended for young people. Cloth, 75 cents. in Christian thought and in Christian work, is to make his first visit to Storiesofthe GreatHymnsof the Church America in December. He will fill several engagements at, universities By Silas H. Paine and cathedrals and will be, one of the leading speakers at the Student Vol- A monumental work in ~—-_ _J hymnology. A beautiful gift unteer Convent.i..on …in ..I.ndianapolis.

Rev. A. M. Chirgwin, General Sec- book, de luxe edition", 'printed on Bible paper, full gold retary of the London Missionary So- edges, flexible red b,inding, with stamping in gold. 795 ciety, is paying a two months' visit to the United States, in connection with pages. $3.00.

the meeting of the International Mis- "Eye" to "Aye" sionary Council. He plans to visit Negro schools and colleges ,of the By Paul H. Graef "EYE" South. … … … ~ An unique presentment in pictorial fashion of God's great plan of salva- TO tion. 132 display pages, five in color. John L. Mott" son of John R. Mott; Two editions: Cloth, $1.00; paper, 50 cents. "AYE" I has been made director of Interna- ~l tional House, New York, to succeed . , ,..WUL 0lWl' Dr. Harry Edmunds. This center I T.. -……………. now serves students from 65 countries. ,"II _ _ …………..dyarrw- … … … .. _ … _ ………….a_ -'-"hItId.-..-.I …. ( ~~=I.. …….__ Christmas Card Box Assortments I Mrs. Adena Miller Rich has been No. 50. A popular priced assort- l!:==::::~~''}v appointed to succ,eed the world;'famous ment with 15 beautiful Scripture cards Jane Addams as head of Hull 'House, Chicago. She was associated with and folders, each with matching envelope. 50 cents per box. Miss Addams for twenty years. No. 100. Our de luxe selection of 21 beautiful Christ- mas deSigns with 8 distinctly Birth-of-Christ pictures. All designs are new, artistic and appropriate, and have short Scripture portions and suitable sentiments. Matching en- velopes. Retails at $1.00.

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Publication and Business Office– MISS MARY 1. SCOTT, Chairman, Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Bethesda School of Missions, 310 Tomlinson St., Editorial and Executive Office– Moundsville, W. Va. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Entered as second-class matter at *** Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under "On our station in the bush we Act of March 3, 1879. greatly appreciate the monthly ap- pearance of THE REVIEW." 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a. year. FLORENCE N. GRIBBLE, M.D., Published monthly, except August. French Equatorial Africa. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. British agents – Marshall, Morga.n Obituary Notes and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, The Rev. Harvey S. Murdock, D.D., 10 shillings a year. head of the work among mountaineers at Buckhorn, Kentucky, died on Oc- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- tober 4th of heart disease at the age LISHING CO., INC. of 64. He went out thirty-three years ago as a representative of the Lafay- BOARD OF DIRECTORS ette Avenue Presbyterian Church, of ROBE'RT E. SPEER, President Brooklyn, to establish this Christian W'M. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President mission. He was very successful in WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer developing a community work includ- DELAVAN L,' PIERSON, Secretary ing schools, a church, hospital and general social program. SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT *** MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD The Rev. W. Kendall Gale, mis- WM. B. LIPPHARD sionary of the London Missionary So- ciety at Andriamena, Madagascar, ERIC M. NORTH and one of the recent contributors to the REVIEW, died on June 7th follow- JESSE R. W'ILSPN ing an operation. He had labored most sacrificially and effectively for A. L. W ARNSHUIS the Malagasy. Mrs. Gale is returning SAMUEL M. ZWEMER to England. * * * Editorial Chat The Rev. Dr. Ivan S. Prokhanoff, founder and president of the All-Rus- Our October number on Latin sian Evangelical Christian Union, said SPEEDWAY TO ORIENT America has received very hearty to have several million followers in commendations and many single Russia, died in Berlin on October 6th. YOKOHAMA IN 10 DAYS . .. fastest, copies have been sold. Order your ex- He was sixty-six years old. shortest Pacific crossing … by the tra copies now before the supply is sister.ships Empress of Asia or exhausted. In the present issue we Dr. Prokhanoff was born in Russia, Empress of Russia. Or via Honopublish some additional articles on the and educated as an engineer. Thirty lulu in 3 days more on the Empress same subject and more will follow. years ago he organized the Evan- of Japan (largest liner on the Pa- This is "Latin America Year." gelical movement, with Lord Rad- cific) or the Empress of Canada. stock, of England, Colonel Pashoff * 1* * and Count Korff. In Russia he pub- INEXPENSIVE ROUND-TRIP FARES. lished "The Christian," a periodical, The past summer and autumn have and "The Morning Star," a weekly Go by distinguished First Class or been especially rich in interdenomina- newspaper. He wrote more than 1,000 comfortable Tourist Class. Still tional and international conferences hymns and translated many others, lower Summer round-trip fares to on Christian faith, life and work. and also religious books. the Orient. Low-cost Third Class.

Some of these are reported in this Since 1928, when he left Russia for FREQUENT SAILINGS … from Vanissue; another-the Student Volun- the last time, he has raised money for couver (trains to ship-side) and teer Convention-will be fully report- needy Christians in Russia. In 1927 Victoria. Orient fares include pased, and the leading addresses will be he started in New York "The Gospel sage to and from Seattle. California printed early next year. in Russia," and in 1931, "The Faith sailings connect with "Empresses" of the Gospel," both periodicals. His at Honolulu. Orient ports-of-call: *** autobiography, "In the Cauldron of Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Shang- Russia," was published in 1933. hai, Hong Kong, Manila. One of the recent articles in THE REVIEW so impressed a missionary *** • Also •• • low-cost World Tours. bishop that he ordered copies printed and sent to every missionary of his The Rev. Frederic W. March, for BOOKLETS, information … from over fifty years an active missionary YOUR OWN AGENT, or any Canachurch. in Syria, under the Board of Foreign dian Pacific office: New York, Chi- Missions of the Presbyterian Church cago, San Francisco, and 34 other *** in the U. S. A., died on September 28 cities in the U. S. and Canada. at Suk-ul-Gharb, Syria. Mr. March A pastor in the home church offered was appointed to Syria in 1873 and to reprint another article at his own served actively until his honorable reexpense and have it sent to all the tirement with his wife in 1924. Withmissionaries of his denomination. He in his lifetime he touched the whole learned that THE REVIEW already goes span of mission activity in the Syria to all those missionaries. field which celebrated its 100th year more than a decade ago. During his *** long years of service he was engaged Here are recent comments from our (Concluded on Third Cover.) readers. Will you pass on the good [513 ] word? "Each month I attend the public library for the purpose of glancing through your magazine. I consider it the most interesting periodical of the many on the shelves of that institu- tion." CURTIS TAYLOR, Utica, N. Y.

INTERNATIONAL MISSION4RY LEADERS AT

1st Row (left to right)-Rev. Akira Ebisawa, Miss Florence Tyler, Dr. K. S. Latourette, Miss Lucy Starling, Dr. A. L. Warnshuis, Baroness van Boetzelaer van Dubbeldam, Dr. John R. Mott, Rev. C. Y. Cheng, Rev. Wm. Paton, Dr. J. H. Oldham, Baron van Boetzelaer van Dubbeldam, Dr. Leslie B. Moss.

2d Row-Dr. Martin Schlunk, Dr. W. Wilson Cash, Mr. Kenneth Maclennan, Dr. P. H. J. Lerrigo, Rev. C. E. Wilson, Canon H. E. Hyde, Dr. C. R. Hamilton, Rev. Francisco Galvez, Dr. F. F. Goodsell, Rev. E. C. Lobenstine, Rev. John S. Badeau.

3d Row-Rev. G. W. Carpenter, Prof. J. E. Moreland, M. Ie pasteur Abel de Meuron, Rev. W. E. Shaw, Rev. Ray E. Phillips, M. Ie pasteur Henri Anet, Canon Axel Malmstrom, Hon. Newton W. Rowell, Dr. Julius Richter, Dr. Murray T. Titus, Mr. T. H. Sun, Rev. H. H. Riggs.

4th Row-Dr: K. B. Westman, Pasteur Daniel Couve, Miss Sallie Lou MacKinnon, Miss Margaret Wrong, Dr. J. M. Springer, Mr. G. S. Phelps, Rev. A. S. Kydd, Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer, Rev. A. M. Chirgwin.

5th Row–Prof. G. B. Camargo, Mrs. Harper Sibley, Mr. J. Merle Davis, Miss B. D. Gibson, Dr. S. K. Datta, Dr. John A. Mackay, Rev. W. J. Noble, Mr. E. V. Yoshida, Mr. Basil Mathews.

6th Row-Dr. S. G. Inman, Miss Esther Strong, Dr. J. H. Arnup.

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 11 NOVEMBER, 1935 Topics of the Times PREPARING FOR A WORLD CONFERENCE tries the younger churches are ready to under- The International Missionary Council (Septem- take more complete independence. A shifting of ber 27th to October 4th) brought together sev- emphasis of the missionary movement from Amerenty-five delegates, from twenty-five national ica and Europe to Asia and Africa is therefore missionary or Christian councils, who assembled welcomed in all quarters. For this reason it was at East Northfield, Massachusetts, to prepare for decided that the next conference should be in the next World Missionary Conference. The hills Asia. After careful deliberations in which parof the Connecticut Valley were glorying in the ticularly the Japanese and Chinese delegates took richness of their autumnal colors and remem- part, it was resolved with enthusiasm to select brances of the great evangelist, Dwight L. Moody, Kowloon, near Hongkong, and to make an atl:!-nd his work formed an inspiring background. tempt to secure double the number of Jerusalem The personnel included outstanding leaders of the delegates, about four. hundred of them, two-thirds Protestant missionary movement, half of them of whom should be representatives of the churches well-known representatives with a rich experi- in mission lands, particularly thos€ of Japan, ence, the other half representing a younger gen- China and India. eration of forthcoming leaders of the older and younger churches. The reports of the chairman, A second group of questions discussed related Dr. John R. Mott, and of the secretarial staff to subjects which demand a new and serious refrom London and New York proved the value of consideration, so imperative that a new world the world-wide service of the Council. It has be- missionary conference is imperative. Three groups of subjects seemed paramount.* come, or is becoming, a central consultation body 1. The missionary enterprise, like the world in which we of the Protestant world missionary movement. live, has definitely come to the dawn of a new age in which fresh forces are beginning to play a momentous part. The crucial question of this year's meeting was: Everywhere titanic forces challenge the very fundamentals where the next world missionary conferenc(=!, due of historic Christianity. On the frontiers of the Chris- about 1938, is to be held. The preceding world tian ~ovement men face the grim realities more closely conferences have been held in London, 1888; New t han In the West. e Communism, i mpe riali symo~nagn d nation al- York, 1900; Edinburgh, 1910; and Jerusalem, i sm are remorsel ssly closing in on the church in 1928. Many more Europeans and Americans would be able to take part if the next gathering China. Imperialism, commercialism, and industrialism are eating into the very fabric of African community life and destroying its immemorial spiritual and moral sanctions.

can be held in Europe or America and the inspira- From Mexico to Brazil, from the Philippines to the Congo, tional value for the sending churches would be enhanced. On the other hand the missionary from Germany to Japan the menace threatens younger force of the older churches has decreased, at least and the older churches alike. We must pool insight, knowl- edge, and resources and get a new sense and experience of world solidarity. .

for the time being. In almost all countries of old 2. A thorough study of evangelism on the mission field Christendom there are currents which slow down is to take a central place in the activity of the Internathe missionary enthusiasm so that in few coun- tional Missionary Council immediately and through the tries do we find the flaming missionary enthusiasm world conference with a view to vigorous, concerted agof a generation ago. At the same time the mis- gressive, continuous evangelism by the churches. This is done in response to calls from all over the world. The sionary movements in Asia and Africa are show- survey is to be centered in the church aiming at enlisting ing promising signs of spiritual strength and of voluntary lay and pastoral forces, with studies of the evangelistic power. In almost all Asiatic coun- • Quoting freely from Prof. Basil Mathews.

[ 515]

place of literature, the school, college, and hospital in the CHRISTIANS OF ALL LANDS UNITING work as well as the approach called for with relation to There are still many varieties of Christians. They are of divers races, nations, names habits the Jew, the Moslem, the Hindu, and others; as well as and opinions on various subjects, but they'are one in looking to Christ and His program for the soluof the methods used by communism, fascism, theosophy, tion of human problems. On creeds and church polity these Christians cannot unite but those of and other cults. The phenomena of mass movements com- many nations and denominations gladly unite to study common problems and to work together for pared with plucking individuals out of their own culture better understanding and a more perfect fulfil- ment of the Will of God. and its relation to political changes and economic status: Last summer four important international as well as an analysis of the eocfonthoemiCc,hrreislitgiaionufs~itohr. sociai Christian conferences were held in Europe. These motives leading to acceptance The took under consideration the promotion of Chris- tian unity, world peace and friendship, and pracpreparation, holding, and follow-up of the proposed 1938 tical cooperation in life and work.* meeting is to be utilized to promote fuller cooperation in The Committee of the World Conference on the world missionary enterprise. Faith and Order held its sessions at Hindsgaul, Denmark, and plans to hold its next meeting in 3. The fact that over thirty regional and national Chris- 1~37, in Edinburgh. The conference will begin wIth a statement of "The Church's Witness in the tian councils have been set up, the large measure of con- World Today," and will be closed with an "Af- firmation of Union in Allegiance to Our Lord." fidence won, and many pieces of cooperative work carried The Executive Committee of the Universal forward reveals the advance already made. Hitherto co- Christian Council also met last summer in Chamby, Switzerland. The Orthodox Archbishop operation has been confined mainly to institutions; it has Germanos, of Thyateira, President of the Coun- cil, sounded an appeal to the churches of the world not so often been extended to large evangelistic ventures. for effective cooperation against the attacks of secularism in all lands. A World Conference on It has also been mainly an activity of missionary societies Christian Life and Work is to be called to meet at Oxford University, England, July 13-25, 1937. rather than of indigenous churches. The Committee is The great concern of the Council for the setting afoot vigorous studies of all these processes and Church in Germany found expression in the reso- lution which recorded the determination to emof concrete projects of fresh practical cooperation. !)loy every possible Christian means of support- mg those who are threatened by the dominance Among the forces that demand world coopera- of an aggressive paganism. An appeal was retion of the Christian forces are: the ebb-tide of ceived from various bodies on behalf of the Chrisfaith all over the world, the necessity that Chris- tian refugees from Germany, who constitute some tianity should advance, the call to a unified Chris- twenty per cent of the total number of German tian outlook on the pagan masses, a new vision of refugees. the function of the great missionary institutions, the creation of a satisfactory new leadership, the The World Alliance for International Friendreplacing of "foreignism" and race antipathy by ship met at Chamby, with representatives from life in the universal Church, new economic and thirty countries. Lord Dickinson, of Paiswick, intellectual foundations of self-support, the de- who has been president for several years, was struction, on the one hand, of syncretism and on made honorary president; Bishop Ammundsen, the other of separatism which now divides the of Denmark, was chosen president, and Dr. Wil- Protestant churches in areas like South Africa. liam P. Merrill, pastor of the Brick Presbyterian Church in New York, was elected vice-president. Other topics discussed at this meeting of the Re~. H. L. Henriod is the general secretary. Th!'l 1. M. C. included the crisis in German missions, AllIance recommended the creation of a permanent the need for Christian literature and suitable mo- Minorities Commission, under the League of Nation pictures for the Africans, the Christian re- tions and an appeal was made to the League for sponsibility for the Jew and "the tragic plight of more effective assistance to refugees from Ger- 2,000,000 Christians in Germany in whose veins there is some touch of Jewish blood." • The facts In regard to these conferences are taken from the report of Dr. Henry Smith Leiper. The upbuilding and maintenance of the younger churches as a part of the historic world-wide Christian community is to be the objective of the 1938 conference. This requires a fresh, convincing vision for this age of the verities of the faith by which the Christian lives; the witness by which the Church is to carry the faith to the world in face of potent hostile forces; the reenforcement, intellectual, moral, and spiritual, of the interior life of the Church, in grappling with problems that affect its very being; the relation of the life of the Church to the changing social and economic order-its total impact upon society; amnodvianlgargimerpalancdabmlyoretothwoarroduguhngiotiyngbceotwopeeernatitohn~ churches which, in this emerging crisis, is the very condition of victorious advance.

JULIUS RICHTER.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

many. In preparation for the world conference STUDENT VOLUNTEERS AFTER at Oxford in 1937, it was proposed that in all FIFTY YEARS countries where compulsory military service prevails the churches should request their respective The coming convention of the Student Volungovernments to permit civil service as an alterna- teer Movement, to be held in Indianapolis, Indiana tive in the case of those who cannot conscientiously (December 28 through January 1, 1936), marks serve in a military capacity. A carefully prepared the fiftieth anniversary of the Movement in Amermessage to the churches was issued, which in- ica and is the twelfth quadrennial convention. cluded an affirmation, as against the totalitarian The Movement was the outgrowth of the Student claims of the State, that "right is above the State, Foreign Missionary Society in Princeton College not the State above right." A sensation was and of the Student Conference held at Mount caused when it became known that one distin- Hermon, Massachusetts, in 1886.

guished Italian representative to the conference, The movement has had a remarkable history, Dr. Cesare Gay, had been summoned to Rome, having been founded by students as a result of along with other leaders of the Pro t est ant prayer and the conviction that the Great Commis- churches, by II Duce, who desired to know the sion of Christ to His Church was a command with reason for the refusal of the Protestant churches the promise of His presence in its fulfilment. The in Italy to pass resolutions endorsing his policies watchword' adopted was "The Evangelization of toward Ethiopia. the World in this Generation"-not adopted as a The Central Bureau for Inter-Church Aid called prophecy but as an objective. When the Movetogether representatives of the churches of many ment was formed there were few students volunlands to meet in Vienna August 31-September 3. teering for foreign service and the funds avail- Attention was directed to the current situation able were very inadequate even for the work among the churches in continental countries, par- undertaken. As a result of the student moveticularly those which are suffering from discrim- ment, and other influences at work under the ination, financial collapse or state opposition. The spirit of God, over twelve thousand volunteers disturbed conditions in Austria have created par- have gone to the foreign field in the past fifty ticular difficulty for the non-Roman churches, years and the incomes of the missionary societies which are in the minority, constituting about oIie- were quadrupled.

fifth of the population. Membership in these The past fifteen years have brought about many churches has greatly increased in recent years, to changes in the whole foreign mission enterprise. such an extent that the present staff and equip- The number of volunteers has fallen off, the sup- ment are inadequate. The Central Bureau sent a port of the work has decreased and the Movement deputation to call upon the heads of the Austrian itself has undergone considerable change. The State to acquaint them with the concern of the Student Council has taken control, with less direc- Protestant world over the disabilities of their tion from the "elder statesmen" of the missionary Austrian brethren. The Bureau also studied the enterprise.

status of the churches in Roumania, Poland, Today a crisis is felt in the foreign fields, in the Czechoslovakia, Jugoslavia, Greece, Spain, and churches and mission boards at home, and in the Russia. student world. Thinking Christians, familiar Since Christians in Russia continue to suffer with the present situation, realize that the need martyrdom, the possibility of sending a deputa- for Christ and His power was never greater than tion to Moscow to intercede for them was dis- at present, and the world is more than ever concussed and final decision was left with the execu- scious of the need for some superhuman power tives. Dr. Alfred Jorgenson, of Copenhagen, Den- to lead them out of the present social and spiritual mark, was reelected chairman of the Bureau and morass. Men are tempted to discouragement and Dr. Adolf Keller was unanimously reelected di- to abandon Christian idealism, seeking in its stead rector. the material things that this world offers. The less interest there is today in foreign missions Organic union is not necessary and may be un- the greater is the need for a spirit-filled Student wise but there is hope that some day Christians Volunteer Movement.

will still more generally unite on the beliefs and The coming convention may well have as obobjectives they have in common so that they may jectives: (1) To interest students more propresent a united front against all evil and may foundly in Christian life and in sacrificial service make their protests effective. Six hundred mil- where Christ is not known; (2) to express the lion professed followers of Christ should be able ideals and motives to which students will respond to do more for moral, social, economic and political when the claims of Christ on their lives are pre- reforms than they are doing today. sented; (3) to inspire Christians at home to sup-

port Evangelical work abroad more adequately; MISSIONARY EXHIBIT "A"

(4) to emphasize the spiritually dynamic forces At a recent meeting in Newark, New Jersey, a in missionary activity-in matters of guidance, of remarkable group of National leaders from many fruitfulness and growth; (5) to show the ability lands presented aspects of the present world sitand readiness of the coming generation to take uation from a Christian point of view. They were the leadership in the work of Christ with courage in themselves a remarkable exhibit and a convincand in His Name and Power. ing proof of the power of Christ and the world- wide influence of His Gospel to win the most out- The clear call today is for missionaries who are standing men and women of all races and nations true evangelists first of all-whatever other quali- to His standard. Dr. John R. Mott presided, himfications they may have. Christians at home who self a remarkable evidence of what Christ can do know Christ as Saviour and Lord will respond to in enlisting all a man's powers in the promotion the call to support qualified missionaries who go of the Kingdom of God throughout the world. out primarily to preach and to live Christ and to Among the Christian leaders from other lands train others for His service.

The Indianapolis Convention is calling together were Dr. S. K. Datta, a dark complexioned Indian over two thousand student delegates from the with a brilliant mind, the president of Forman United States and Canada-a much smaller num- Christian Coll~e, Lahore, and a leader in na- ber than have attended other conventions. A tional and church life in India; Dr. Cheng strong and comprehensive program has been Ching-yi, the General Secretary of the Church of planned with speakers of international reputation. Christ in China, former moderator of that church, These include national Christian leaders who are the vice-chairman of the International Mission- the fruits of mission work-Dr. Toyohiko Kag- ary Council, and a great force for cooperation awa, of Japan; Prof. Gonsalo Baez Camargo, of among all followers· of Christ throughout the Mexico; Dr. T. Z. Koo, of China; Mrs. Induk world; Professor Gonsalo Baez Camargo, Secre- Pak, of Korea, and President S. K. Datta, of tary of the National Council of the Evangelical India. The British and American leaders may be Churches of Mexico, a strong character and a bril- counted on for inspiring messages-Dr. Richard liant speaker; Mr. Etsuzo V. Yoshida, Treasurer Roberts, Moderator of the United Church of Can- of the National Christian Council of Japan and ada, and author of "That Strange Man Upon the one of the founders of the Omi Brotherhood in Cross," is a leading speaker; The Archbishop of Japan. Similar "exhibits" might have been pro- York (Dr. William Temple) will give a series of duced from South America, many parts of Africa, spiritual addresses; early American leaders of from Persia, Turkey, Syria, Burma, Malaya, the Movement-Dr. John R. Mott, Dr. Robert E. Korea and the Islands of the Pacific. The repre- Speer, Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, and possibly Dr. sentation was enlarged by the testimonies of Pro- Robert P. Wilder, one of the founders and former fessor Julius Richter, of Germany; Baroness van general secretary-are to be present and may be Boetzelaer van Dubbledam, of Holland; and counted on to speak with their usual force and Prebendary W. Wilson Cash, Secretary of the fire. Others of more recent fame will lead Church Missionary Society, who called himself a conferences-Dr. John A. Mackay, Prof. Basil "native Christian of the British Isles."

Mathews, Prof. K. S. Latourette, Prof. Henry P. The tenor of the testimonies of these Christian Van Dusen, and Dr. Daniel J. Fleming. witnesses included (1) the great need of their fel- Christians interested in world evangelism and low countrymen for Christ and all that He offers; the progress of the rule of Christ on earth are (2) the evidence of Christ's power in their own earnestly requested to unite in daily prayer for lives and in the lands from which they come; (3) this convention-its leaders, speakers and dele- the need for greater unity and closer cooperation gates-that Christ may be uplifted; that the real among all Christians; (4) the need for clearer conditions of the world and the needs of men may manifestation of the power and spirit of Christ in be vividly presented; that the responsibility of all who bear His name.

the Church and of each Christian may be brought If every church could hear such testimonies, home to all, that church members may realize the and see such convincing exhibits there would be claim of Christ on them and all that they have; no doubt as to the worth-whileness and future of that the power and program of God for the salva- Christian missions. If the program advocated by tion of mankind may be clearly presented so as to these men were truly carried out in all individual stir to adequate unity; that Christ's forces of missionaries and in Christians in the churches in every race, nation and name may fully cooperate all lands, there would dawn a new era of life and in the great work before us, and that the future we believe that a new advance of Christianity of the Student Volunteer Movement may be made would take place that would sweep all before it in clear as it is in the Will of God. the conquest of the world for Christ.

by Healing in

By T. A. LAMBIE, M.D., F.R.G.S.

-&f/, Field Director, Sudan Interior Mission, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia T HERE is perhaps no country where a med- He believed them and wrote a letter to the Regent, ical diploma acts more efficiently as a pass- His Majesty Ras Tafari, which preceded us and port than in Ethiopia. It is little wonder helped us to get to the ear of Royalty! His Maj- that foreigners are suspected in that ancient land, esty begged us to build a hospital in Addis Ababa, for many who have come to her from the outside and in answer to much earnest prayer alone, for world with fair promises have remained to cheat no one was asked for a penny, one man gave and plunder. Somehow the Ethiopians classify $70,000 and others gave nearly as much more, missionary doctors differently. and the hospital was built to the glory of God. Thousands have been treated and cured. Thou- The eyes of the world are focussed upon sands have had the Gospel preached to them. The Ethiopia, not knowing what awaits her. Twenty- hospital is modern in every respect. two years ago it would have been considered pre- posterous to imagine that a Serajevo incident Mrs. Lambie and I were asked to go out and could plunge the civilized world into war, but establish work in Ethiopia under the Sudan In- it is a historical fact that the former incident took terior Mission in 1927. Although severing of old place and we know with what results; twenty ties, particularly with this hospital, was not easy, years afterward a comparatively minor incident yet God has wonderfully prospered thisinterna- in an almost unknown land carries a threat of a tional, interdenominational mission. Station after similar major catastrophe. The world is very sick station has been opened in these few years. A and needs a physician. large Leprosarium, under Dr. E. Ralph Hooper, Over sixteen years ago, after having spent of Toronto, has recently been built and is running twelve years in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan at at full capacity. A splendid medical work has Khartoum and at a remote and needy place on also been going on at Soddu, Wollamo, one of the the Sobat River, treating annually tens of thou- populous southern capitals, and Dr. Percy Rob- sands of cases, Mrs. Lambie and I received an erts, of Montreal, is building a hospital there. In invitation to Ethiopia to help in the "flu" epi- the north at Lalibella, the famous place scarcely demic. Ethiopia was then almost closed to mis- seen by a white man, where there are eleven sionary enterprise; in all the land there was only monolithic churches, centuries old and one of the one Protestant worker. Thus, medicine was once marvels of the world, here Dr. Harriet Skemp and again the spear point, or the camel's nose, or Miss L. Blair, R.N., have been developing work whatever you choose to call it. Thousands of and a hospital is being built.

Gallas and Amharas were treated in Western Were there enough doctors Ethiopia might be Ethiopia and had the Gospel preached to them. opened to the Gospel from end to end, for where Most of the population seemed to need syphilitic a doctor goes several other missionaries can go. injections. Pneumonia and typhus were rampant There is a tremendous disparity between the but the "flu" epidemic had passed off before we numbers of young medical students who volunteer arrived. for the mission field and those who actually get A small hospital was opened and a mission sta- there. There is a wastage of medical volunteers tion established. We found that the tree wor- in the lecture rooms and hospitals. Often it is shipping Gallas seemed to have a real hunger for materialism that gets the young medico, often it the Word of God and we decided to take the long is a young lady who doesn't want to go, often it's overland trip to Addis Ababa, the capital. En a spiritual breakdown from too much study and route we stopped at Gore and treated Ras Nado, too little prayer. If something could only be done who came in the middle of the night with an ex- to stop this wastage and to inspire our fellow cruciating earache. From this ear I extracted a doctors toself-sacrificingly give themselves for tiny, black wood-boring beetle, which his soldiers work on the foreign field, how wonderful it would solemnly assured him would, if not removed, have be. Missionaries and home workers need to be bored its way through his head and caused death! tremendously more in earnest than ever before.

[ 519 ]

If the number of Christian doctors on the foreign age really started. Many a one whom God wants field could be trebled, and their spirituality was to go to Canaan, or to Africa, on a pilgrimage for in proportion, something tremendous would result. Him, does not get beyond Haran because of some I have acquired Ethiopian nationality in order old Father "Wait:-a-bit," or some Mother "I-need- to further the spread of the Gospel, and my sym- you-at-home." Sodom proved too much of a temp- pathies are with His Majesty Haile Selassie and tation for Lot and he went to the plain. Abraham Ethiopia. There are some wrongs in Ethiopia, as went to the mountain-to Hebron. Oh the heart- there are in every land, but His Majesty, who I ache Lot caused even before he made his selfish feel is a real Christian, is seeking to right them, choice. Be careful pilgrim, of the ones you take and in the four years since his coronation has with you. Watch the separated life. Avoid the done wonders. worldly companions. They make poor travel part- ners; they are not real tent dwellers. They want Lessons from Tent Life in Ethiopia their Sodoms and their Gomorahs, their Zoars My wife and I have a great feeling of kinship and their beastly caves. They y:earn for the with Abraham. We cannot compare with him in world. They mind earthly things. The truly sepactual time spent in tents, but in distances trav- arated Abraham does not yearn for the plain, but eled we probably surpass even Abraham. Many for the Hebron mountaintop, for Hebron means, months and years have we spent living in tentsperhaps more than any other missionaries of mod- will "Communion with God." He found in Mamre a ern times and so we feel qualified to speak something of the lessons learned from tent life and "place of richness." The heavenly pilgrim can speak with some authority of the spiritual ever find it so. Lot's leftover became Hebron; implications of a pilgrim life in tents. richness in communion with God is the place to pitch your tent. 1. One of the chief lessons of the pilgrim life is that the pilgrim must be unencumbered. "Lay- 5. What is indispensable on this our pilgrim ing aside every weight and the sin which doth so way is to have an infallible Guide. The children easily beset us" (Heb. 12: 1). Extra weight keeps of Israel had no need of the eyes of a Hobab or the pilgrim back. Too many needless things are Raguel when they had the fiery pillar to lead them surely a trouble and a care and slow him up. "No on. How often on caravan have we lost our way, soldier encumbereth himself with the affairs of taken the wrong turning and had to retrace weary this life." Pilgrim, beware of encumbrances that steps. We become separated from our guide. slow you up. We thought we knew the way only to find our- 2. Hold your possessions lightly. There are a selves in "bye-path meadow" from which it is hundred travel accidents that may happen to spoil only a short distance to "Doubting Castle." We your belongings or cause the loss of them. No need to stick close to our Guide who has promised travel insurance policy can be written to insure to direct us. against white ants, mildew, and the many other hazards of tent life. One must learn to hold one's 6. Care of the tent. The tent is the pilgrim's possessions lightly, and even "take joyfully the home. It is a poor thing, perhaps; not like a spoiling of one's possessions." Don't grieve over castle, or even as good as a poorhouse, but still it them-your heavenly treasure is infinitely more is all he has to live in and it is much better than desirable. nothing. One must take care of it or it will rap- idly deteriorate and no longer keep out the sun 3. The importance of water. One learns never and the rain, the wind and the dust and when it to get far from water. Water is the life of the caravan, for even the desert camel cannot go very is gone it cannot be restored. So with these far from water. Water means life, not only for man, but also for beast, pasture as well as drink. bodies of ours-we must not neglect them. We "Wherever the river cometh there shall be life may be called to burn out for God in a quick and fierce flame like saintly Henry Martyn, but ordi- narily God wants us to live a long and useful life for Him. We should not wilfully neglect our bodies. .

. . ." (Ezk. 47: 9). In this pilgrim walk stay 7. My wife has suggested – food, and I reply close to the River of Living Water, to the water with a hearty "Yes." The life is hard. It does that Christ alone can give. take strength out of one. Almost frozen at night.

4. Companions. One of the most important in some lofty mountain pass or scorched at noon things is to decide whom to take with you. Abram in some fiery desert, when the very air seems to started out with two weak companions as a handi- reel-aching muscles from descending some mile cap-Terah and Lot. He could get Father Terah high canyon, that would almost puzzle a wild goat, ("wait-a-bit") to Haran, but not beyond. Old one does need good food to keep up, month after Father "Wait-a-bit" had to die before the pilgrim- month, year after year. Pilgrim, be careful of

CONQUEST BY HEALING IN ETHIOPIA

your food. If your only food is the Home Journal ETHIOPIA, THE LAND AND PEOPLE and things of that kind, you will never get very In "The Chronicles of Ethiopia," the descent of far. If you never read a sermon, or the biography the original inhabitants is traced from Noah of some Brainerd, or Carey or Livingstone, or the through Cush, the son of Ham. "Aithiops (son letters of a MacCheyne, or a Rutherford, how can of Cush) begat Aksumawi," who is reputed to you have an appetite for heavenly food. If your have founded the Holy City of Aksum, the former Bible reading is neglected, so that you read the capital which the Italian army has recently capdaily newspaper far more than God's Holy Word, tured. how can you be strengthened in your pilgrim life Modern Ethiopia (formerly known as Abysfor Him. We need to be fed with food "conven- sinia) is called "the Hermit Empire," or the ient for us." Once when we were traveling on a "Switzerland of Africa." It is the last independlong journey in Africa, we got tired of our dry ent empire in the Dark Continent and is mostly a food and when we saw some men carrying beau- high plateau from which rise many mountains. tiful fresh fish, we shouted for joy. We bought Its area is about 350,000 square miles and its popand ate them, to find out later to our sorrow that ulation is estimated at between 10 and 12 million they made us very ill and until we recovered we people–for the most part very primitive. Politwere not able to travel. Much of what we read ically the country is divided into four great provtoday is like poisoned fish; we eat it and our inces-Shoa, Tigre, Amhara and Gojam-with jo.urney is halted, sometimes ended. .other lesser provinces under various chiefs. Heile 8. Endurance. Patient in well-doing. When Selassie (Ras Tafari Makonnen) proclaimed him- we rush about on aeroplanes and racing cars, self Emperor (King of Kings of Ethiopia) on the streamlined trains and ocean greyhounds, there death of Empress Zanditu (Judith) in 1930. He is not so much need of a patient endurance. It is is reported to be an enlightened Christian em- different on a mule or a camel, or on foot. The peror seeking the good of his people.

miles stretch out endlessly and a journey of a few The inhabitants are divided into numerous hundred miles seems endless. In five minutes in tribes, speaking some seventy languages and dia- an aeroplane I traveled recently in Africa as much lects. The state Ethiopian Church is similar to as in one day by muleback. The way seems long the Coptic Church of Egypt. The prevailing but it will not be so in retrospect. Only one life, speech is Amharic, with 251 characters. Their "'twill soon be past, only what's done for God will sacred scriptures are written in Ethiopic or Geez, last." "Be thou faithful unto death and I will a dead language, pronounced by priests but not give thee a crown of Life." understood. Many of the people of Ethiopia are 9. Early rising. Get up and meet with your Moslems and multitudes are pagans-ignorant Lord and then you will have strength to do the and superstitious. day's work, to reach the camping place, to the journey~s end, to the desired haven. Don't put it Among the Evangelical missions in Ethiopia off. Don't be a sluggard and lie abed. are the United Presbyterians who have twenty- three missionaries, located in three stations; 10. Many other lessons have been taught us but the Sudan Interior Mission with twelve stations, and about 75 missionaries; the Seventh Day Ad- I mention one more: to have an objective is the ventists who occupy three stations, the Swedish most important of all lessons. To be going some- Evangelical Mission with 18 missionaries, and where. Our lives are planned, but the sad thing the British and Foreign Bible Society. A Danish is that so many Christians never get into the Di- Mission is ready to send three workers as soon as vine plan. Many never get on the pilgrim way conditions permit. Most of the missionaries have designed for them, that will lead them to the goal elected to remain in Ethiopia to help the people he had designed, on the path that His feet have in this time of trouble. From an Evangelical trodden. Let us remember Him, who in the days Christian standpoint missionary work has touched of His flesh was a pilgrim, who had neither nest, only a small number of the people. The oppornor foxes' hole, nor even a tent, and who occupied tunity is great for the Emperor has given the a borrowed grave in His death. missionaries a hearty welcome and the people are Follow this Guide, this Pilgrim, this Wayfaring ready to listen.

Man, this Saviour. He will lead us on a road un- The Italian subjection of Ethiopia would mean like any other, and one that will be different from that the last independent African State will never that trod by any other pilgrim in its details, but have the opportunity to develop along African one which His feet trod before. Follow even lines. The winning of Ethiopia to Christ, and the though it lead to some dark Gethsemane, without development of the people on enlightened Chris- the gate to some Africa or China, or to some Cal- tian lines, will mean national progress of the best vary Hill. "Follow thou Me," said our Saviour type and will promote peace and goodwill in and Lord. Africa and in the world.

in the New India*

By the REV. RICHARD BURGES, England General Secretary, India Sunday School Union, 1896·1921 "THE most amazing characteristic of man- cent years turmoil and agitation have swept over kind remains today what it always was; the 350 millions of India's people. Has the man's inability to recognize the expected." chariot of God stood still in these years of unrest?

India supplies an illustration of this truth spoken Far from it! The government census for the by Lord Eustace P'ercy. For generations the decade ending 1931 shows that every day, during British encouraged the use of the English lan- those ten years, four hundred were added to the guage, lauded the free institutions of the West, Christian community, even though missionary fostered the growth of democracy and adminis- ranks were sadly depleted. Statistics do not mean tered regular doses of John Stuart Mill. In the everything but they show that the Kingdom of fly-leaf of "Liberty" by Mill the following quota- God is firmly established in India and they indi- tion was printed: "The grand leading principle, cate great possibilities for the future. The spir- towards which every argument unfolded in these itual power of the Christian Church, in the fu- pages directly converges, is the absolute and es- ture, as in the past, lies in the willingness of the sential importance of human development in its Church to cooperate with her Lord in the redemp- richest diversity." Wonder of wonders; the tion of the world and thus establish the lordship Mother of Parliaments suddenly woke up to the of Jesus Christ over every department of human fact that India was adolescent, and desired at life. Mathematics cannot supply a yardstick with least a prospect of wholesome independence. which to measure spiritual influences.

Each milestone on the high road of British In- Many facts could be rehearsed. Let one only dian history tells of advance towards responsible suffice. Away on the northeastern mountains of self-government. Progress has been slow but India are the North Lushai Hills, once inhabited sure. The Simon Commission, the Round Table by head-hunting aboriginals. In the year 1897 Conferences, the cooperation of the Indian the first missionary arrived. The seed grew Princes, and the desire of the British public for a slowly and secretly and at the end of a decade, "fair deal," all reach a climax in the new Govern- there was one church with 32 members. The ment of India Bill. While not underestimating Christian community now embraces nearly 61,000 the importance of other aspects, we will consider members or about two-thirds of the whole pop- the distinctly Christian point of view. Will this, ulation. The Presbyterian Church of Wales, re- the most momentous venture of Parliament, in sponsible for this great work, can verify these our day, help or hinder Christian progress? statements. Incredible, romantic; but true!

The Romans were good colonizers, built roads There is a saying among the Chinese that and endeavored to be tolerant. They tried to though no one knows how the mustard seed was balance the scales of justice, but the Jews never brought to China, yet today the mustard trees had a good word for them. They wailed and wept could not be rooted out of the land. The Seed of for freedom. Britain has given India roads, law the Kingdom of God was carried to India in ob- courts, colleges, schools, hospitals, irrigation proj- scure ways but the tree that has grown therefrom ects, etc., but India wants to be free. The British can never be rooted out. Principalities and pow- have sown the seeds of freedom. What is more ers will never, never be able to prevail against it.

reasonable than that India should desire to man- All that the churches have done through their age her own home? missionaries is but preliminary. Indian Chris- The living seed of the Gospel, planted by Chris- tians cling to them as their best friends, and they.

tian missionaries, has produced a great tree. are trusted by every thoughtful section of society.

About two per cent of the Indian population are One effect of Christianity is to enrich and de- now connected with the Christian Church. In re- velop personality and this new life has made • The writer was present in the House of Commons on July 30th sInenddiat hree·sltrlemsso.st Tcohme pcehtuerncthmesenofanthdewWomesetn must during the last debate on this "Government of India 1935" bill. mistReonyslavl eapssreenptarbatriionngsfotor aanneewffeccotinvsetitcultoisoen nfoear rlIyndeiaig. ht years of in- sl·onaries to the East. The BI·shop of Manchester, [522 ] at the International Missionary Council at J eru- instrument which will, in due time, secure their salem, said: "We do not go to non-Christian na- emancipation. Child marriage, infant and ma- tions because they are the worst or alone in need, ternal mortality, education of girls and respect but because they are part of the world and share for woman's dignity and personality, and kindred with us the same human need." The Indian subjects, will be sure to receive effective attention.

Church needs and desires assistance in producing Christians will continue to lead the van in these Christ-like citizens. This is the hour for con- matters.

solidating our position and for advance, not re- In the years ahead, the centre of Christian work treat. in India will be the indigenous Church and I be- Many Indians, non-Christians as well as Chris- lieve that at no distant date money disbursed by tians, seeking suitable education for sons and missionary societies outside India will be used to daughters, instinctively favor the Christian insti- build up the Indian Church, under Indian admin- tutions because of their high character and help- istration.

ful atmosphere. Whatever changes the Reforms The Rev. J. I. Hasler, B.A., many years in the may impose on education in India I believe that service of the Baptist Missionary Society, says: this disposition will remain. The Christian col- "During recent years the policy of foreign mis- leges, hospitals, schools, farms, workshops, wel- sions has become what is known as 'Church-Cen- fare centres and orphanages, seek to win people tric' and that devolution of responsibility, power to Christ but do not wish to secure converts by and work to the Indian Church, is encouraged."

unfair or "camouflaged" methods. The doctor, Signs are not wanting that a united Church in the nurse, the teacher, all seek to express their India is developing. Christianity need no longer love to their Lord, by using their professional be under suspicion that it is the religion of the services and personal influence to help their fel- "White Man," the "Foreigner," the "Sahib" or low men. Conversion by coercion, from one faith the "Government." No more need the Indian to another, is condemned by Christians and non- Church be confused with the traditions of the Christians alike. Church in the West. She will be the Church of The Rt. Rev. the Lord Bishop of Calcutta, Met- Christ in India. She will be free to adopt Indian ropolitan Bishop of India, writing me as recently architecture, music, ritual. She will be free to as July 23, 1935, said: face and reform her world under the guidance When there was a peace conference in Dehli in 1923 and power of the Holy Spirit. She will be free when the Hindu and Muhammadan conflict was severe, I to make her own spiritual contribution to the was asked to take part in it and was the only Christian Church universal. "The Church," says Henry with some twelve Hindus and Muhammadans in the com- Barclay Swete, D.D., "alone among human somittee of that conference which framed resolutions. One cieties, has a Head in heaveri, and this is linked of those was to the effect that people were at liberty to to the eternal and infinite." By faith we can hear seek by fair persuasion to change the faith of others but not by material inducements. That expresses the general the march of the on-coming millions! feeling among educated people. Gandhi, I believe, has It is hardly possible to exaggerate the imporobjeeted to proselytism but I think that it is the proselytism by material inducements to which he objects. I am sure tance of the village in Indian life. The policeman that he would admit that everyone has the right to his can stop and direct vehicles, but he cannot stop beliefs and to change his mind. and direct ideas. Men and children, in increasing The Release of Power numbers, will see the pictures and hear the wire- less talks after their toil in the fields; women Under the Reforms there will be the release of from secluded places will also hear and see.

an Everest and a Niagara of personality. Slowly Motor transport is linking these villages. The the value of the electoral vote will be understood. cumulative effect on the peasant folk is enormous.

Then the power will be felt of 35 million persons Eighty-nine per cent of India's 350 million peo- at the polls. Fourteen per cent of the British ple live in villages, and four out of every five of Indian population will have the legal right to vote the Indian Christians live in villages. Beyond for their own representatives on the governing question the future of India will largely depend bodies. As a general rule the qualification for on village uplift.

the franchise will be payment of local taxes or Educationally the position of Christians is con- land revenue. The proportion of women to men spicuously high. The Christian community re- voters is 1 to 5. Six seats will be reserved for cently claimed 1570 of the total number of col- women in the Upper Federal Chamber. "A per- lege graduates, while the same community only son shall not be disqualified by sex from being ap- embraced 2% of the population. Numerically pointed to any civil post in India, other than such Christians are included among the so-called mi- posts as may be specified by general or special norities. If the seats for Indian Christians in the order." This puts into the hands of women an Legislatures are not in proportion to their num-

bers, trouble may be expected. The complaint is surprised if in this vital realm there is a tightening of also made that the fundamental rights of citizens official control. Christian institutions that depend in any in the free and full exercise of their religious be- measure on Government grants will doubtless be called liefs, and that the fundamental rights of minori- upon to accept conditions hard to be borne; a reduction ties, have not been defined in the new constitution. in grants is likely and an extended application of the It is alleged that some Indians mean to work the Conscience Clause inevitable. To maintain their freedom constitution, and then use their powers to turn and impart the education they regard as essential, it may the foreigners out, to stop grants to Christian be necessary for Christian institutions to forego Governinstitutions, and to try to smash the new con- ment grants, and even establish their own university. stitution. . . . But even here there is ground for confidence. Un- less we are greatly mistaken, the conv~ctiim is deep rooted The allocation of special seats for Christians in in the Indian mind that Christian colleges and schools the Legislatures may tend to create a new caste. have brought something of incalculable value to the cause Unimpeachable integrity is ft sounder qualifica- of education, and we believe that all who seek the highest tion in a candidate than mere nominal connection good of the nation will not readily let that influence with the Christian community. An experienced weaken. Baptist Missionary, the Rev. F. W. Jarry, M.A., says: Federated India, when it becomes a reality, will consist of H. M. The King, represented by the Some of the leaders of the Christian community have Governor General, and two Chambers styled the intimated that it is not their wish to take advantage of Council of State and the House of Assembly. In the Communal representation offered on the Councils; but the former there will be· about 150 members, have expressed their readiness to stand for election as elected by their constituencies, plus about 100 apcitizens of India, and not as representing the Christian pointed by the Rulers of States; in the House of community; and their statement made quite an impres- Assembly there will be about 250 elected and sion on some of the leading Hindus. about 125 appointed members. In debates and voting the truth will soon emerge that members The Joint Committee Report on Fundamental will not have reached their seats by the same Rights* shows the grave danger of trying to de- routes. Each elected member would have to think fine a thing which almost defies definition. It was of his constituency, while each appointed member found impracticable to draft a statement. The would have to think of his Ruling Chief. Rev. W. Paton, M.A., Secretary of the International Missionary Council, who has given the sub- Visualize the scene! With all the goodwill in ject close study, says: the world, the situation cannot fail to be delicate. What result may be expected? Democracy will The indisposition of Government to make statutory pro- grow like a palm tree. The great Rajahs will lead vision for the rights (}f minorities is simply due to the the way in the establishment of Limited Mondifficulty of putting anything into the form of a statute archies and Parliamentary Institutions. Then which is sufficiently explicit to be useful, and not danger- existing treaties will be absorbed, by agreement, ously static and formal. The Instrument of Instructions in a higher synthesis. All this may materialize given by the Secretary of State to each Viceroy and each sooner than now seems possible. Governor will lay upon them in the most explicit possible way the care of minorities, and personally I am convinced Dr. S. K. Datta, in the Legislature Assembly, that this is adequate. "held up the Indian Christian Church and its in- ternal self-government as the most real piece of I would as soon trust an able and just Governor as I democracy in India." In this spiritual sense the would a High Court interpreting a fixed Statute, or a Christian Church points to the key of progress, special Minorities Committee. and the Church can supply the amalgam with which to fuse the whole of India into a united Will there by any disposition, under the Re- Empire. forms, to take all educational work out of the hands of Christian missionaries, and to remove After many years as a missionary in India, I the subject of religion from the syllabus of all watched the sun setting as I leaned over the bulcolleges and schools? warks of my ship as I took my last look at my beloved India. Mingled memories and hopes held The Rev. J. Z. Hodge, who has recent informa- me captive. In the distance I saw a great cross tion and wide knowledge, says in his article in the on a Church silhouetted against the sky. I was National Christian Council Review (June, 1934, satisfied. The Cross is "lifted up." That is suffipage 281) : cient! I have no fear about the future of India!

That some inhibition on the free play of Christian ac- Grant, 0 Lord, that we who live in such glorious times tivity will be imposed is, we think, certain. Education, may be saved from pettiness and self-seeking, may be for instance . . . is something that bears directly on the filled with a gallant and undaunted spirit, and may be growth and well-being of the State and we need not be diffusers of light, invigorating all we meet, through Jesus Christ Our Lord. Amen. • Paragraph 366, page 215

Harvest in Hyderabad, Deccan*

By the REV. CHARLES W. POSNETT, Medak Missionary of the Methodist Church of England GOD has been wonderfully answering our Christ as Master, whatever befalls. So we put prayers in Hyderabad, When I first ar- these people off for six months. rived there forty years ago the ground When they returned home, they had to go seemed hard as iron. For several years we visited through the furnace. Their land was stolen; their the village markets, treating the sick and preach- water supply cut off; they were dragged to the ing the Gospel. Then, one day, an old man called courts on false charges. There was one continued, me to his house, and said, "Padre Sahib, we in ceaseless effort to make them recant and cry out this house want to worship your God. Yours is for peace at any cost. The devil seemed to have the only religion that cares for the untouchables. entered into the hearts of their enemies, who were When your lady doctor was trying to save my determined to stop the rising tide. Yet it was of dying boy, the people looked on and said, 'She no avail.

must be a scavenger in her own country.' She North of the Godavery River, when I first vis- was the first who ever cared for us untouchables, ited these people they boycotted us i~ every vil- and so we want to learn about your J esu Swami." lage. We could see no one, speak to no one, and From that home, the Gospel spread to a thou- we could not even buy food. Wherever we went, sand other homes, and today, in that area alone, the villagers fled, as if we carried the plague. The tens of thousands of untouchables, have been bap- great landowning chief of the district had ordered tized after they have been thoroughly taught to this boycott, for he feared that if Christianity know Christ and His way of life. entered his villages the day of forced labor, by An old missionary of another church said to me, which he had grown rich, would pass away. Yet, "If we had gone on your plan and done the job as within two years, that very man sent runners a thoroughly we too should have a great harvest hundred and fifty miles, begging me to come to him. He had been ill, and when he had been given today." up as dead by the native doctors our young travel- For years we have rejoiced over this harvest. ing doctor had come and saved his life. When I Now, must we weep over it because of lack of reached the great Godavery River, he was waiting workers and support? in the midst of all his people; and there, on the river banks, we knelt in prayer. The boycott was For twenty-five years this harvest was entirely over, and today we have in that area thousands of amongst untouchables; but gradually the young strong Christians of all castes-and, best of all, people who have been through Christian schools the Bible is beginning to be read in the homes of have gone back to their villages, by their lives and our people. character have compelled the respect of those caste people who had always trodden them under- The Rev. E. L. Ananto Rao, a splendid Indian foot as slaves. minister (who came to England as representative for the Methodist Union meeting), is the moving One day a deputation of caste people came to spirit amidst this wonderful harvest. Each week me to ask for a young teacher. They said, "We his letters tell of more villages asking for the know he is an untouchable, but he is pure as gold, light. Are we to close the Bible to them? What and he has become our friend; we want him to answer will we give? come to teach us." Last December I attended his harvest thanks- This was only the beginning. That year, six giving when about two thousand people from all hundred caste Hindus from all over the country over the countryside came, bringing their offercame to Medak, and for three days they listened ings. All along the country roads there were and asked questions. Before they left they asked groups of people, the children and old women in for baptism, but our watchword in Hyderabad has bullock carts, and the village drummers going on always been "Thorough." We will baptize no one before. The young men had gone ahead to prepare unless we are sure he is prepared to stick to • From The Methodist Reco,'der, England, for the night meeting. They had put up a thou- [525 ]

sand lights, made of little burning cotton wicks, is not a penny for new evangelists, and that even lying in earthen saucers full of oil. These were those we have, living on one pound a month, must stuck on sticks, with a lump of clay, and they lit lose nearly two months salary in the year. up the whole place. As it grew dark the villages Is it possible that this great day of opport~nity for miles around could see the great Christian for which we have prayed so long, over which we "jatra." All night people were marching in with have rejoiced so much together, must now be al- their drums and their thank-offerings. The col- lowed to pass away, and that the golden harvest lection lasted about eight hours, for every man must be left to rot upon the ground?

and woman wanted to be prayed for and blessed.

Ananta Rao had told me that there was to be a great Communion service in the early morning; he wanted both caste and outcaste to come togeth- er to the Lord's Table. They have no church, and I feared they might be very tired, dirty and dis- orderly, for most of them had been up almost all night after a long tramp in the dust. Imagine my surprise when I arrived, to find two hundred and fifty men and women, mostly young people, evidently having risen before dawn to bathe and put on the clean clothing which they had brought all the way from their homes. The caste and out- caste were all mixed together, sitting on the ground, in quiet and perfect order. I think it was the most wonderful and inspiring Communion servic~ that I have ever seen.

To crown all, a whole family of high-caste Hin- dus came up for baptism, led by the eldest son, a village chief. Nine years ago he had come to say that he had been reading the Bible with one of our untouchable Christian boys, and he had heard the Master calling him. Even as this boy spoke to me, a great crowd of his relatives came to take him back home by force. For two days they stayed, trying in every way to get hold of him, and pleading with him to come back and give up his madness. At last, his mother and his family banged their heads on the ground in despair and began to chant a funeral song: "My son is dead, my son is dead." Nine years had passed since then; and now, that very family were standing there, all in white and looking so happy, all well prepared for baptism by their own son.

Such is the harvest waiting now for the reap- A PETITION FROM THE VILLkGE OF MAMDE ing. Is it to rot upon the fields? Translation-We poor villagers have heard of Jesu Just before leaving India a few months ago, I Swami the true God and we do not want to worship wood- en and stone idols any more. We have been bringing went to meet three hundred caste people in an- cattle and sheep to the Cholera goddess for hundreds of other village. They were all asking for teachers. years, but she has never done us any good. We have Half the night I sat with them, listening to them, sacrificed to all the gods but they have never helped us. as they tried to tell the story of Jesus and to sing Now our relatives have become men of Jesus and they are a few lyrics in order to show me that they were very happy, and their children are learning to read the really in earnest. One after another they started, Holy Jesus Book, but we have no Book and our eyes are and in a few moments they broke down, and blind because we cannot read. We. want to worship the stretching out their hands, they said pitifully, golden feet of Jesu Swami but there is no one here to "How can we learn, we have no one to teach us teach us. Can we never have the Holy Jesus Book for our children to read to us? Must we always be blind?

the Holy Book?" Please send us a teacher with the Golden Book. What was I to say to them? Shall we sound a Elders of Mamde- Bommerai Abe Bhoy, retreat? Weare told that seven of our mission- aries must come home from Hyderabad, that there Pichirai Poshe.

Crucial Issue in Latin

A Meditation on the Present Missionary Situation By REV. JOHN A. MACKAY, Ph.D.

-4f Secretary Presbyterian Board o~ Foreign Missions, Author of . – "The Other Spanish Christ" and "That Other America"

T HE issue that confronts Christian, mission ural and inevitable expressions of the Spirit of work in Latin America is the same that con- Christ-the ceaseless urge to do good to every- fronts it around the world. To what extent one and to do all things well as Jesus did. But is there emerging in Latin American countries, the missionary's chief concern will be not to do on pampa and sierra, in teeming cities and forest good but to create doers of good, in whom the wilds, a community of men and women, who hav- same Spirit that inspires himself shall be regnant. ing given themselves utterly to Jesus Christ, have For unless these are formed, the outpouring of become members of His Body, organ for His life, the lavish expenditure of gifts, the idealistic ceaseless activity? How far is the Christian orientation of thought, will become one day but Church being born-that special community whos·e a memory. function it is to bear witness to God in the world and fulfil His redemptive purpose for the world? It is the emergence of an indigenous Christian The only absolute criterion of the success of community that is the goal of the missionary's Christian missions is the birth and development aspiring. Such a community, if it is true to the of that kind of living fellowship. idea that lies at the heart of it, will be a witness- ing fellowship as the early Christian community With Latin America specifically in mind, let us was. Not lovers and admirers of Jesus, or even consider three reasons in support of the position isolated believers in the Christ, is the missionthat the crucial question in mission work in that ary's goal. His goal is a community, "a fellowarea, as in other areas, is the question of the ship of the Spirit," a community of people, that Church. is to say, who have been recreated by God's Spirit and welded into a fellowship. It is not the hold- 1. Because the birth and nurture of an indige- ing of services that will bind them together, nor nous church is the supreme objective of Christian loyalty to denominational forms. They will be missions. Missionaries do not go to any country modern sons and daughters of Pentecost, which primarily as the bearers of a Christian civiliza- as one has put it, "created a community of sacred tion, even if there were, which there is not, a kind love which frees humanity from all limitations of of civilization which merited that name. The naturalegotism." The new sense of togetherness function of the Christian Church, here or any- which they have experienced in Christ will make where, is not to create a new civilization but the them natural successors of those early Christians creators of a new civilization. Missionaries leave who went to the utmost limits in the sharing of their own country and civilization, in order to spiritual gifts and material possessions. The reproduce, wherever they go, the community of kind of community which is the goal of missionfaith to which they belong, not in any merely ary effort will live a life in which theory and denominational or sectarian sense, but conform- practice as closely coincide as they do in the most ing the new community, as nearly as possible, to rigorous of communistic thinkers. Alas that God's ideal for the corporate life of new men and such a community is so little in evidence in North women in Christ. America or in Latin America! Yet it, and it alone, must be the goal of missionary efforts both' Needless to say, Christian missionaries will here and there. communicate the best and truest things they know and give of the best things they have to the people This fellowship will bea witnessing fellowship. among whom they labor, as they will also combat, It will bear witness to God. It will do so as one by all legitimate means,every form of evil among has put it, by manifesting a gift of "perpetual them. Schools of different kinds will thus appear parentage." That is to say, the community will and hospitals, and other institutions for the pro- not exist for itself. It will live for truth, beauty motion of public welfare. These are all the nat- [527 ]

and goodness in their manifold forms. But above plying that to become so is the highest of all goals, all things it will bear witness to the Word of they should do so by learning of Christ at the God, to the reality of a Divine aggression in his- pristine source of Christian knowledge in the tory, in the person of Jesus Christ, to the reality Gospels.

of the Word Incarnate, and to the equal reality Another element in the new mood of Latin of Holy Scripture as the medium in which we America that can be regarded as a true prepara- can hear unerringly the voice of God. tion for an appreciation of Christianity, is the It is perfectly obvious that just as a Christian renunciation on the part of many choice spirits, mission, though incidentally a civilizing agency, of that spiritual traditional indifference which cannot undertake the task of civilizing a country, has been so universal, especially among the culso a Christian community in a country cannot tured class throughout the continent. Many assume responsibility for all that country's needs. younger intellectuals in Latin America decry the Its chief function will ever be, as a model human traditional philosophy of life which kept those fellowship, to bear witness to the Gospel that who laid claim to culture everlastingly upon the spectators' balcony. They are now descending there is good news from God to man. from their marble towers of contemplation and A Widespread Yearning for Reality sensuous enjoyment of life to take their place as crusaders upon the road. Inasmuch as it is im- 2. Because the new mood in Latin America possible for anyone to understand Christianity demands what only the Christian Church can sup- who does not put to himself the question, "What ply. There are times in the life of a country, or shall I do?" there stands before the Christian of a group of countries, in which there comes into forces today in Latin America, an unprecedented evidence a deep and widespread yearning for opportunity to unveil the meaning of the great Christian reality. That mood is operative today spiritual crusade which began with God, which in the deepest soul of Latin Americans. There is, is being carried on by God, and to enlistment in to begin with, a growing consciousness in many which God challenges men and women in our outstanding minds that the true future, their own time. Many have become used, for the first time, and their country's, is in some way bound up with to making irrevocable commitment of loyalty to Jesus Christ. Despite the fact that the historic a cause, who formerly regarded with disdain and religion of Latin America has been guilty to a as mere "sectarians" any who linked their lives to large extent of a grave betrayal of Jesus Christ, a single idea or any single loyalty. They are yet that name, through the instrumentality of the ready, therefore, to appreciate the meaning of Roman Catholic Church throughout the continent, . the Christian cause, the Christian crusade. They has been written into the continental conscious- will not be satisfied with anything. that rests in ness. So much so is this true that one ventures mere forms or ideas and that fails to have a to say that there is an increasing longing for a great passion, a great drive, at the heart of ittrue undertanding of Christ throughout the con- such a passion and such a drive as lie at the heart tinent. The same we believe will be true of Latin of true Christianity, as that ought to be expressed America that was true in the case of St. Augus- by a genuine Christian community. tine. Having learned about Christ from his mother, no system of thought, nor way of living, The Breaking Down of Individualism ever satisfied him through all the long years of his spiritual pilgrimage that had not Christ in it. And then there is the new craving for com- These memorable words of his in his Confessions radeship that is breaking down the old individ- may be read as true of some of the most represent- ualism of the Iberian soul. A young Spanish ative men and women in Latin America today, writer has recently taken to task the great think- "For this name, according to Thy mercy, 0 Lord, ers of his country, Miguel Unamuno and Ortega this name of my Saviour, Thy Son, had my tender Gasset, because they have been too individualistic heart, even with my mother's milk, devoutly in their thinking and have not sufficiently stressed drunk in as deeply precious; and whatsoever was the conception of collectivity. The younger gen- without that name, though ever so learned, pol- eration, he said, is interested in corporate living.

ished or true, took not entire hold of me." It is What an oppor-tunity for the Evangelical Church for this reason that the Argentine, Ricardo Rojas, in Latin America to unveil to the eager thought says, in his "Invisible Christ," that he believes of new Iberians and Indo-Americans the concep- that the destiny of his beloved Argentina is bound tion of corporate living that is at the heart of up indissolubly with Jesus Christ; and that the Christianity, to show how the Church, and the ex-President of Mexico, Portes Gil, affirms that Church alone, is in possession of the key to the if Mexican children are to become Christian, im- meaning of life, and alone is able to produce that

THE CRUCIAL ISSUE IN LATIN AMERICA

type of character which makes true social togeth- the undertaking, yet this is hardly so. With a erness possible! more careful study of the mental attitude of the 3. Because only the Christian Church can suc- cultured natives, and a more thorough grasp of cessfully resist the new "demonic" forces that are the significance of the Message and the methods making their appearance in Latin America and employed, the missionary should find ways of elsewhere in our time. The liberal era is rapidly reaching every class and every individual with the coming to an end, that spirit which took up an Gospel. But the preaching of the Gospel has been attitude of appreciation or tolerance towards confused with the formal exercise of Christian potent spiritual realities. But in our day new worship. It has seemed necessary to the missionand terrible forces are making their appearance. ary to have public prayer, hymn singing, and Christianity is no longer being admired or treated Bible reading as essential accompaniments of each with patronizing or disdainful airs. It is being presentation of his Gospel message. Now, to the ruthlessly challenged and combated by forces native, to stand up with the congregation and to which are demonic in their nature, inasmuch as . join in singing a hymn, or to unite in public they are to all intents and purposes new religions prayer, is identified with a strange worship.

that usurp the place of God on the modern stage. The greatest hindrance of all, perhaps, lies in Fascism in its various determinations is the most the method almost invariably adopted in starting potent "religion" in the world arena today. It a mission in new places. The first step is to find assails Christianity and tries to eradicate it, or a hall and furnish it with seats, an organ, and a it endeavors to subordinate it to its own pur- platform. But this hall with its meeting-furni- poses. The State is the new god. Stateolatry ture becomes a real obstacle between the mission- is the great religion of our time. Ours is there- ary and the community. The native who thinks fore a period when one of the chief, if not the he is going to get some material advantage-edu- chief task of Christianity, is to offer a spiritual cational facilities, economic protection, easy em- center of resistance to this new deity. This it ployment, etc., may break through the obstruc- must do uncompromisingly in the lists or in the tion; but the average high-minded native, the catacombs. It is abundantly evident that no dif- man – and still more the woman – who would used Christian influence has the slightest chance make the most desirable convert, will not.

of surviving the terrific onslaught of the crusad- The foreign character of the missionary &nd his ers of this new god. They only have a chance of methods has become so associated with the work surviving who are a "fellowship of the Spirit" of the Gospel that thoughtful Peruvians who are and who, knit together in a common experience thoroughly in sympathy with the spirit and purand pledged to a common loyalty, will not bow poses of the Protestant missionary, feel themthe knee to this new Baal but will bear testimony selves inhibited from any identification with the to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ movement. Any participation in it seems to be and to His purpose for mankind. Think of Ger- treason against the traditions of their race. The many, think of Turkey, think of Mexico. In Peruvian finds it difficult to conceive of an edu- Turkey, alas, there is no Christian Church today cated native choosing to become a Protestant, alas the fruit of Christian missions. The great though it seems natural to think of the educated battleground of Christianity in our time is in the foreigner as being in place in the Evangelical parishes of the Third Reich. Mexico some months Church. If this difficulty is to be overcome, a ago, was in the throes of a campaign to eradicate larger percentage of the foreign missionaries Christianity and all religion from the conscious- must enter much more fully into the intellectual ness of the people. Only a living Church can stand in such a time. life of the native community. They must familiar- ize themselves not only with the language, but For all these reasons there comes a call to mis- also with the history, the problems, the aspirasionary societies at work in Latin America, to. tions, and the fears and prejudices of the people take earnest cognizance of the extent to which, through their efforts, living Christian communi- among whom they labor. And the missionary ties have been formed, which bear witness to God. must be prepared to alter his emphasis in the presentation of the Gospel so that while no less loyal to the teachings of our Lord, he may suc- . cessfully interpret these teachings so that they OVERCOMING HINDRANCES IN PERU shall appeal to the highest aspirations and the One of the greatest hindrances to the progress deepest feelings of the people to whom he has of the Gospel in Peru is the foreign element in the been sent.-From "The West Coast Republics of missionary and in his methods. At first sight South America," edited by Webster E. Browning, this might seem inseparable from the nature of John Ritchie, Kenneth G. Grubb; pages 91-92.

Bagby a Pioneer in

By INABELLE GRAVES COLEMAN, Richmond, Virginia Publici'ly Secretary, FOI'eign Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention "THE most marvelous thing I have seen dur- and sugar cane. During the past half-century ing this half century in Brazil was the there has been a five thousand per cent increase bloodless revolution-the fall of a great em- in Southern Baptists' harvest crop for the Mas- ter in Brazil. pire and the setting up of the Republic without bloodshed," said Dr. William B. Bagby, the senior Fifty-five years ago Dr. William B. Bagby and eighty-year-old missionary of the Southern Bap- his bride, Anne Luther Bagby, were appointed as tist Convention. Many radical reforms-such as pioneer missionaries to South America. Sailing from Baltimore, they spent forty-nine seasick days on the small, storm-tossed barque, before they came to anchor in Rio de Janeiro bay.

Unwelcomed and almost unnoticed, they slipped into this vast country, studied the Portuguese lan- guage and proceeded to the strategic city of Ba- hia, formerly the empire's political capital and still the nation's religious capital. The next two years were checkered with danger and persecu- tion, problems and suffering, all heroically borne.

Dr. Bagby bears a scar on his forehead today as a witness to one experience in Bahia. In a small rented hall while he was telling the Gospel story to a few souls who had dared to attend the service, a stone was thrown through the window and struck the young missionary on the fbrehead. He dropped to the floor and blood streamed down his face. Calmly his youthful life-partner minis- tered to him and silently witnessed for Christ in that tragic hour. Even the Catholics were im- pressed by the courageous way in which this brave young couple presented Christ as the living, con- quering Saviour to hungry-hearted people.

Other missionaries came and the first Baptist church was organized in Brazil. Then like Paul, always lengthening the cords, Dr. Bagby turned his face to a new field, the great capital city of Rio de Janiero. In August, 1934, the fiftieth an- DR. WILLIAM B. BAGBY-TODAY niversary of the organization of the First Baptist church in Rio was celebrated. With radiant joy these veteran missionaries reviewed the years during which the nine Baptists for all of South secularizing cemeteries, separation of Church and America had increased to more than 50,000. In State and proclaiming full religious liberty for all, the same period the two small churches had grown and the recognition of marriage vows-came to more than 500 with 1,500 preaching places, with the new day. Evangelical missionaries have with 718 Sunday schools, 226 Young People's had a large part in bringing these changes to pass. Unions, 400 Women's Missionary Societies, 60 Christ made it possible to bring about the revolu- Young Women's Auxiliaries, 200 children's soci- ' tion without war and bloodshed. "God has let eties, besides men's societies, two seminaries, two some of us old fellows help to build new nations," training schools, two junior colleges, four acad- said Dr. Bagby. Brazil is often called the coffee emies, 48 primary schools, a publishing house, a cup of the world but the percentage of increase Brazilian Foreign Mission Board, a Home Mission for Christ is greater than that from coffee trees Board and a National Convention.

[530 ]

Vitality in Missions*

By the REV. WILLIAM P. SCHELL, D.D., New York Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

I N THE life of the Church no cause has been we have basked in their reflected glory. Do not more inspiring, none more uplifting, none as misjudge them, nor slander them. Do not allow unselfish, none more heroic than the preaching yourselves to believe things about them that you of Jesus Christ to the world. It is a solemn thing know are not true. Why do they offer themselves to realize that when the foreign mission service as missionaries? Because of adventure, or for a of a Church prospers, the Church is blessed, and "lark" or to teach mathematics? By no means. that whenever a Church is false to its world mis- Nothing but a conviction that Jesus Christ is the sion or disloyal to its missionaries, the spiritual Son of God, nothing but an abiding faith that He life of the Church declines. We move forward died on the cross to save the world, nothing but into every worth-while service as we move for- an unshaken assurance that He rose from the dead ward with Him into His world. and is alive today can lead a man to leave his coun- try, his home and everything life holds dear here There have been discouragements in the year and to bury himself in the jungles of Africa, or that has just closed, and we would not hide them. in the great cities of the Orient. Love of Jesus Missionaries have lived and preached the Gospel Christ sent them out and consecrated devotion to in a world in upheaval; in the midst of an intense Him and His cross and His Gospel keep them out rising nationalism; in nations in some instances there. They do not ask for pity in their difficulincreasingly pagan and antireligious; in the face ties. But they do ask, and they have every right of growing skepticism, even in the home Church, to ask, and to expect, our understanding symas to the validity of Christianity; in the discour- pathy, our prayers, our gifts and our love. agements arising from the spiritual condition of the Church in the United States. . . . Proclaiming the Gospel There have been discouragements – but it has The past year has been a year of outstanding been a year of encouragement and victory. Those spiritual victory on the mission field. First of all, who are closest to the enterprise and who live in the preaching of the Gospel and in evangelistic with it every day thank God for this victorious results. In the face of paganism and of wide hosyear in the mission field. tility to Christ over 7,000 non-Christians were won to our Lord and were received into the Pres- Let us begin by holding up the spiritual morale byterian churches on confession of their faith of the missionaries.

In their living and in their dying, we behold the in Him. Thousands more were reached and en- best that the Church has to offer. They resent rolled in training conferences and brought under being placed on pedestals, they do not recognize the teaching of the Church. In some countries, themselves as heroic, but in all their work they for example, Mexico, this straight evangelism of- reveal to the home Church the possibilities of a fers us our greatest opportunity. Listen to these victorious life in Christ. One missionary in India words from the Mexico Mission: wrote: "We have had many problems, many diffi- Weare convinced that from now on we must depend culties, always a shortage of funds and an inade- upon personal seeking of souls for Christ, and upon per- quate staff, but in spite of this the work has gone sonal dealing with Christians to strengthen and build them on." This spirit of perseverance and hopefulness up more than upon institutions or special plans of work. is also revealed by them when they come home on Our institutions have a rather uncertain existence at presfurlough. ent, but the opportunity for personal evangelism and per- sonal comradeship is greater than ever. We need to search As one who is not a missionary but who knows for new ways of making contacts and then make these and loves them all, I hold up our missionaries as truly effective in reaching souls for the Saviour.

those who have gone out from our churches and Rev. Norman W. Taylor, while distributing lit- erature to soldiers on patrol, came one day to the • Condensed from an address delivered at the 147th General As- highest point along the road and tried to enter the sembly of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A .• Cincinnati, Ohio, outpost. The soldiers were hostile and one fanatic tried to force him to leave the enclosure. At that May 29, 1935. The full address may be had in leaflet form from the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

[531 ]

moment the Commanding Officer appeared. When the Bible. Rev. William N. Blair, of Korea, tells Mr. Taylor explained his errand, he called his men of the Korean colporteur who, laying down his together and recommended the literature, took life on the banks of the Yalu River a half century him to fifteen camps, and personally superin- ago, threw pages from the Bible into the air, extended the distribution of the Gospel portions and claiming as he did so: "Everywhere the leaves of tracts. In describing the results, Mr. Taylor this book touch the shore, a Christian community writes these thrilling words: will arise."

Since this work opened up six regiments of cavalry and In view of these origins, it is not surprising to three battalions of infantry have been reached. Of these, find church-wide study of the Word of God in two regiments and one battalion have been so thoroughly Korea and a Church whose activities are built evangelized that I believe practically every man has hail upon His word. What a blessing would come to the Gospel presented to him. I believe that I can safely the home Church if we could have Bible confersay, withou£ any fear of exaggeration, that between seven ences such as those in Korea, enrolling from 500 and eight hundred men have expressed the desire to follow to 1,000 women or an equal number of men, many Christ. Among the officers, one major, four captains, and of them trudging many weary miles to study the fifteen lieutenants accepted Christ, and greatly helped us Word! And hear this testimony from North by their interest in seeing that all the men had an oppor- China: "There have been during the year more tunity of hearing the message. requests than ever for Bible classes, more oppor- tunities for preaching, more avenues for personal This story, in one form or another, is paralleled wor~, more students in government schools wantin many countries on the mission field. Henry ing instruction in Christian truths. Along with Martyn in Persia thought he could die content if the inspiration of these open doors goes the dehe could see one Moslem brought to Christ. Hun- pression arising out of inability to supply enough dreds of Moslems have come to Christ during the workers to meet the demands." Over 140,000 past year, many of them undergoing great suffer- children in your mission fields were enrolled in ing because of the step they have taken. The Sunday schools, studying the Bible regularly, and great revival in Africa has continued. Enormous many thousands more were enrolled in Bible incongregations attend all the services. They come stitutes and conferences. in unprecedented numbers to the Lord's Supper. Before one can be received into the church he is The spiritual life of the national churches is required, ordinarily, to wait for two years of test- also manifest in a degree of sacrifice and prayer ing and training. the home Church would do well to emulate. The native Christians, during the year, gave in con- Recent Reports from the Fields tributions or paid in fees a total of $1,639,045. Only when you stop to think of their incomes can In India there has been an increasing develop- you have any appreciation of this sacrifice. In ment in the movement in behalf of the 50,000,000 addition to these gifts of money there have been outcastes who constitute fourteen per cent of the gifts of hundreds of days of labor. One reason population. They have been turning to Chris- why they give such large amounts is because they tianity and Islam until Hindus are concerned over are not over-concerned with budgets, quotas, althe power they may have in Government. locations or apportionments. Many of those churches have budgets, but they always look upon Two missionaries in Siam reported an interest- a budget as a steppingstone to something higher ing visit to a village in which were a number of -never as a goal in itself. The average Christian Lao slaves. Only a handful of these slaves had on the mission field does not compare the giving ever received baptism. The missionaries gathered of his church with its record of the previous year together these slaves and their children and talked nor with the records of other churches. He to them about Christ, distributing literature and simply asks: "Am I giving as much as I should teaching them the Bible. give and can give to the Lord in view of what He has given to me?" When that spirit takes pos- When it came to the last day, to the surprise of session of the home churches, we will no longer everyone seven men, ten women and twelve or report deficits, for our mission budgets will burst fourteen teen-age young people came forward and open with new spiritual vitality and power. expressed their desire to follow Jesus. And they are praying. A missionary in Japan The spiritual vitality of the Church on the mis- writes this description of the Week of Prayer sion field is also seen in the fact that it is grounded which should give us pause: "The Week of Prayer on the Word of God. Proportionately speaking, during the first week in January is widely obthere are more Bible-believing, Bible-loving and served by all branches of the Christian Church in Bible-living Christians on the mission field than Japan. The subjects of the meetings were those in the Church at home. The Bible occupies no such place in the life of the Church in America as it does with mission fields. Indeed, many churches in those lands were literally founded by

SPIRITUAL VITALITY IN MISSIONS

prepared by the Committee in London for use I also am a man. Just as I, a follower of the Great throughout the world, and the Christians felt a Physician, have been able by the skill of surgery thrill at the thought of their praying in unison to enable you to see with your eyes, so also as His with bodies of believers in all lands. I had a bit follower I am not willing to allow you to leave this of a guilty feeling, for I was not at all sure that hospital without appealing to you to accept Him the churches in America were observing the cus- who can make you see for the first time with your tom any more. The evening in which interna- soul." There in that room I saw a governor of a tional questions were part of the program was province rise from his knees and give his heart marked by some fine prayers, breathing a Chris- to Jesus Christ. Our work is conducted in the tian spirit of world-wide brotherhood and inter- conviction that all missionaries should be evannational peace. Remember that they are praying." gelists.

The spirituality of the missionaries and the na- This is glorious work in His name. What are tive Christians is witnessed in their recognition you going to do about it? Today all churches of the fact that there is no phase of life which is stand at the crossroads in their Foreign Mission not touched by Christ. Through our mission programs. On the one hand, we have a world torn schools and colleges, through the miracles of heal- to pieces, groping its way-yet ready for the mesing in hospitals and dispensaries, through count- sage of the Saviour of the world. On the other less movements for social and economic justice, hand, we have the Church hesitant, worldly, its through temperance organizations and antiopium mind on other things. In between, we see a rising programs, through agricultural rehabilitation, and generation of young people, offering their lives in through a definite program to put an end to war places most of us would never be willing to enter. and to promote good will among men, the mis- A few weeks ago there appeared a manifesto, sionary enterprise recognizes the power of the signed by fourteen students of Princeton Theo- Gospel and applies it to human life. logical Seminary, expressing their eagerness to preach the Gospel of Christ in foreign lands and Some years ago, while on a visit to China, I had appealing to the Church, to individuals or local the unusual privilege of seeing a man recover his congregations "to share with us the responsibility sight. He was the governor of a large province resting upon all the followers of Christ, to send who had made a journey of 600 miles to a mission us out as your representatives to proclaim the hospital as that was the nearest hospital he could message of salvation." find. On the day of our visit the surgeon removed the bandages from the governor's eyes, as he lay Lift up your eyes on the army of youth ready in the dark room in our inadequate hospital, and to go to the field. Then lift up your eyes to the he saw for the first time in many years, the blue fields waiting for them and, as you look, recall sky, the green grass and men walking. He arose these words of a great preacher of yesterday: from his cot, fell on his knees, and kissed the sur- "Our missionary problems will be solved when our geon's hand again and again in gratitude. Now, spiritual problems are solved, when we live daily the medical missionary might have said to him: in the sight of God. Our local church budgets are "Your Excellency, don't mention it. It has been bankrupt because there are so many of us whose a great privilege to restore your eyesight. Go spiritual lives are bankrupt. We count our houses, and enjoy your sight." That in itself would have cars, stocks and bonds. We count everything and been a Christian deed. But I have always hon- everybody-except God!" ored him for what he did. He said to the kneeling patient: "My friend, stand on your feet, for Let us count God and His Son Jesus Christ and go forward in His name.

BOLSHEVISM AND CHRISTIANITY Basil Mathews describes bolshevism as having the missionary spirit of a world religion "with a strong fighting faith, and a world program. It cannot be conquered by denunciation or derision. We who hold Communism to be based on the denial of the very root reality of the universe–that the Creator is Spirit and is Father-have a greater and truer faith, that conceives for all the world a full salvation of the whole individual, body, mind, and soul; and of the community which those individuals constitute. But Christianity can confront victoriously the greatest of all contemporary challenges-that of Bolshevism-if its followers, with unity of purpose and sacrificial heroism, live by that faith to build a world community from which the clash of classes, the war of nations, and the antagonism of races are banished under the sovereignty of God who made us all."

Galvao, a Brazilian

N EARLY fifty years ago Egydio Galvao was grew, the women coming from the best classes of converted and accepted the Lord Jesus as society-difficult work demanding a charming his Saviour. He lived in the country some personality. Dulce made, and is making, Jesus so days' travel by horseback from the City of Bahia. beautiful to those women who only knew to serve Immediately after his conversion, friends became images.

his enemies, and the Roman Catholic clergy was One day there came into the classes a young highly indignant. But Senhor Egydio bravely man representing. a well-known company. He went his way preaching the Gospel. He was asked to speak of his products. Thereafter he was seen on my front porch, late every afternoon.

Finally he said to me, "You know, Mrs. White, I am not coming down here every afternoon to rep- resent my company." To which I replied, "I know that, I wasn't born yesterday." He told me that he loved and wanted to marry Dulce. She bought a Bible, marked it and presented it to the young man. I heard her tell him of Jesus and His power. He came to church several times and then he said, "Its no use, Dulce, I can't be a hypocrite.

I can't believe; I'd give anything if I could have your faith, but I can't. However, after we are married, I'll never interefere with your religion."

Time went on, and they planned a happy future.

One day a cloud came over Dulce's face, and the next day she came to me and said, "I cannot do it!" "Can't do what?" I asked and she replied, "Oh, I can't marry that man." Looking up she saw the young man approaching, and she grabbed my hand, exclaiming, "And you've got to tell him."

"But," I protested, "he didn't ask me to marry him." I went with her. He smilingly presented her with a beautiful watch. Looking him in the face she said, "Please put that into your pocket and listen to me. I have done wrong, for I never should have fallen in love with you. I cannot marry you." The young man's face blanched, and DULCE GALVAO, OF BRAZIL he recoiled as if struck. "Why, why Dulce," he begged. With a white face, and a voice filled with beaten and stoned-almost unto death, but he and deep emotion she said, "Because you are not a his cheery wife, Maria, kept on their way with Christian. I know you have said that you would the Lord. Their children were given a Christian not interfere with my religion. But listen-my home at a great cost. One of the daughters, grandfather risked his life for the Gospel. He named Maria, married a Christian and established and grandmother, at a great price, gave my a Christian home into which was born a girl, mother a Christian home. My mother and father Dulce Almeida Galvao. Dulce was taught to love gave me a Christian home. Here I am, a third Jesus and to know the Bible stories, and at the generation Christian, a product of two Christian age of 13, publicly confessed Christ. She finished homes. I know what the Bible teaches. How her education at the Collegio Americano Baptista could I let my- Jesus down that way? I could· in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, and asked the Lord not have a Christian home with you. No, I must to show her a place to work. About that time be true to Jesus." She has recovered from the Mrs. Kate C. White had opened up classes in Do- shock of disappointment and now says, "I shall mestic Science in the City of Bahia, the capital of never marry unless it be to a Christian man."

Dulce's native state. Dulce was invited to teach Her life is counting in a beautiful way for the cooking and live with the Whites. The classes Gospel, among the better classes in Bahia, Brazil.

[534 ]

March of Events in

-eil.!oll==B_Y=KE=N_N_E_T_H=G_._G_R_U_B_B_,_L_O_O_d_oo_,_E_o_g_1a_o_d=~ll~ T HERE are factors in the situation in Mexico convergent process,es at work, even if at any given today which would make it inadvisable to dis- moment they are not clearly distinguishable from cuss certain of the present features and tend- one another.

encies at length. It is useless, however, to deny The chronological sequence of the more importhat during the last eighteen months the general tant of these events was somewhat as follows. On position has gravely deteriorated. More recently December 5, 1933, the reform of Article 3 was (and at the time of writing, July, 1935) there officially brought forward in the convention of the have been signs of some moderation in the anti- National Revolutionary Party held at Queretaro. religious process. As is well known, this reform substitutes "social- ist education" for "lay" education. "Socialist edu- The events of the last two years in Mexico may cation," although it has never been officially deroughly be classified as follows: (1) The Educational Reform, culminating in the re- fined in clearly intelligible terms, is meant to imply form of Article 3, approved by the Senate on October 19, in effect irreligious education. It is unnecessary 1934, and followed in 1935 by new regulating decrees. to say more on this very important step, as the point has more than once been referred to in these (2) The University Conflict, initiated by the protest of pages. the National Autonomous University against the reform of Article 3, on July 30, 1934, and followed by the closing of the Universities of Guadalajara and Monterrey. In January, 1934, the Six-Year Plan was pub- (3) Extreme measures in several states, initiated by lished. This is an attempt to draw out a coor- dinated scheme of government, forwarding tbe General Calles' public commendation of Tabasco on M,arch social objective of the regime through intelligently 29, 1934, followed on May 20th by suspension of religious ministry in Sonora and in October by similar measures in other states. (Last July, President Cardenas decreed directed administrative action; incidentally it enthe downfall of Garrido's power in Tobasco.) dorses "socialist education." A month later the Attorney-general issued a long circular dealing (4) The new open conflict with the Roman Catholic with the subject of nationalization of religious Church precipitated on October 22d by the alleged dis- property. Both the question of a nationalist polcovery of conspiracy on the part of the Apostolic Delegate.

(5) A moderate stage, initiated by explanation on Feb- ruary 16, 1935, that the postal decree was only aimed at icy, as well as that of education, were carried a politico-religious propaganda, and followed up by moder- stage further in March when on the fifteenth a ating statements of the President on April 14th and 15th. recommendation was made that the liberal profes- This stage was further marked by the revocation of the sions be reserved to Mexican citizens; while decree against the circulation of religious literature on June 25th. studies made in unincorporated private schools (6) In June the Cabinet was reorganized. Its two most were declared to be void of public validity.

radical members, Garrido and Calles, were left out, and On March 6th a new tendency became apparent General Cedillo, considered a centrist, was admitted. with the declaration by the actual President, Car- (7) On August 31st, a new decree on nationalization of church property was issued. It is more radical than the denas, commending Tabasco as the model state of one formerly in existence. the Republic. Later in the same month General Calles returned from that state and bestowed (8) As the result of a new radical drive to gain con- lavish praise on its achievements. The next state trol of the National University, the University's authorities decided to close and await for President Cardenas'

decision either granting or refusing further support. The to suspend all religious ministry was Sonora radical wing appointed a new Rector (President) on (May 20th) of which Rodolfo Elias Calles was Governor. A commission of school teachers from September 24th. The situation is uncertain.* These periods are not, in reality, so clearly de- Sonora had previously visited Tabasco. The infined as this classification would tend to show. cident is interesting as it exemplifies the appear- The actual events have overlapped and been inter- ance of the same spirit in geographically remote twined with each other. But in a situation as parts of the Republic.

complicated as the Mexican it is always an as- The educational question came again into the sistance to form some slight idea of the different foreground in July. General Calles made an im- portant speech in Guadalajara when he declared Ba*ezThCeamitaermgos, 6o,f 7Meaxnidco 8Ciatyre.-EkDinITdlOyR.furnished by Prof. Gonzalo that it was the right of the Revolution to educate [ 535] .

its own children.* Three days later, on July 23d, It is necessary to note that quite apart from the project for the reform 6f Article 3 was pre- these official actions of one kind or another, there sented to the Chamber. A week later the Na- has been a certain amount of general antireligious tional Autonomous University protested against activity carried on. To say that this by no means the tendentious nature of this reform. The Uni- has the President's approval, although it carries versity School of Monterrey was closed on Sep- the endorsement of one or two leading men, would tember 28th, and the University of Jalisco on Oc- probably be a correct interpretation of influential tober 22d, but by October 19th the reform had Mexican opinion on this question. In assessing been approved by both deputies and Senate. the significance of such propaganda there are cer- Meanwhile, on September 26th, another extremely tain facts to be taken into consideration. Firstly, important reform was passed, which limits the the enthusiasm behind any movement is always conditions of permanency in the tenure of the greatest at its beginning. Secondly, extreme higher judicial posts. measures advocated by minorities tend to attract On October 22d all the Roman Catholic churches attention and create their own advertisement.

in Queretaro were closed; there are practically Thirdly, the temporary significance of a move- no Evangelical 'churches in the state. Two days ment is often proportional not to its real value, later the religious ministry was suspended in but to the contrast it involves with accepted ideals.

Chihuahua and all Roman Catholic churches closed Ten thousand couples live quietly day by day in in Colima; there is also only a very small evan- any community, but a single case of divorce is gelical work in this state. After a further interval heralded on all the headlines. Nevertheless it of two days all churches were closed in Sinaloa. would be a grave error to underestimate the force The quarrel with the Roman Catholic Church and appeal of antireligious propaganda in the was simultaneously carried into a wider field. On world today.

October 26th the Bishop of Chilapa and the priests Anti-Christian Propaganda in Guerrero were ordered to leave, and the next day it was announced that an alleged conspiracy These considerations justify brief comment.

of the Apostolic Delegate had been discovered. Christians, in all parts of the world and in all Before the month was out this matter had been situations of life, must face the fact that propa- officially handed over by the President to the At- gative enthusiasm has passed from Christian pos- torney-general for investigation, and the Arch- session to that of their opponents. The maturity bishop of Oaxaca had been ordered to leave the of Christianity is being accompanied by a kind of country. Early in November the Attorney-gen- fatty degeneration of the conscience. The cru- eral found that cause existed for proceeding sading and even the prophetic spirit has today against the Bishop of Huejutla, the Archbishop of become incarnate anew, not in the ranks of the Morelia and the Apostolic Delegate, who were not, Christian Church, but in the camps of those to however, in the country. whom religion is a soporific and the Church but General Cardenas assumed the office of Presi- one of many institutions which have burdened dent on December 1st. Early in January decrees humanity with temples and priests. Even in a were issued regulating the subject of education in country like Mexico Evangelical activity is, with private and secondary schools. On January 28th certain exceptions, threatened with the pervasion the President made a public statement denying of a kind of nervous tension which renders a for- the existence of religious persecution. On Feb- ward movement exceedingly difficult. The anti- ruary 12th the use of the post was forbidden for religious spirit, although propagative, is in itself correspondence which "may imply propagation or destructive; it is quite false to suppose that it is diffusion of any religious doctrine." Four days responsible for social construction. It is well later, however, the Secretary of the Interior de- expressed in the words of Mephistopheles: clared that this prohibition concerned religious I am the Spirit publications that contained public comment or That evermore deny-and in denying defamatory attack of the Government or its insti- Evermore am I right-"No!" say I, "No!" tutions. On April 14th the President took occa- To all projected or produced-whate'er sion to state that the regime was in no sense Com- Comes into being merits nothing but munist, and the next day he denied that there was Perdition-better then that nothing were Brought into being; what you men call sin- any intention to attack the "religious conscience" Destruction-in short, evil-is my province, of the people; the Government was seeking only My proper element.

to exterminate "fanaticism." Since this date the A few of the broader aspects of the situation general situation has been somewhat easier. also require study. The Mexican religious ques- tion is a part of a much larger field of thought • I have given the substance of these statements elsewhere. See which must include the relations of Church and World Dominion, July, 1935.

THE MARCH OF EVENTS IN MEXICO

State, the threatened collapse of the world-reli- thought. How do these new circumstances affect gions, and the problem of human liberty in many the relations between Catholics and Evangelicals?

parts of the world. How far shall we meet them by emphasizing our The breakdown of Pan-Islam, the fall of the specific approach, and how far by identifying our Caliphate, and the disestablishment of religion in own problems with that of Christianity in Latin Turkey meant that secularism had successfully in- America, or the world, as a whole? What new vaded one of the world's great religions precisely light do we draw from these events on the work- in the regions where it was considered strongest. ing of evil and the powers of the Satanic? Has With the failure of the Russian Orthodox Church the day of "missions" in some parts of the world the weakness of one of the historic Christian almost ceased, and ought we to envisage the fu- churches also became apparent; a population of ture more in the nature of a world interchange of a hundred million had to be written off the reli- spiritual culture? Is there any reason to suppose gious capital of the race, precisely in a country that, in the face of antireligious fanaticism, the where mystical, and even religious sentiment to Christianity of today has a greater survival value all appearances had made a strong appeal. Chris- than Nestorianism or the North African Church?

tianity was no longer immune against the inroads Are our churches at home, in the countries where of secularism. The secularism of many countries they cannot maintain the personal link through dominated by the Roman Catholic Church has long missionaries and institutions, ready to make the been confessed, but that church had avoided an same spiritual investments as heretofore? Or is "official" collapse in any of its territories. But in our brand of exportable Christianity the type that Mexico it seems that such a collapse is taking can be stopped by frontiers and laws? How are place. Of the historic Christian churches, it re- we to meet the challenge that we have lost the mains to be seen whether Protestantism in Ger- emotional control of masses of mankind? How many will be able to withstand the storm. far is the institutional expression of Christianity an adequate one in Mexico, and how far may the A Test of Mission Work work have to pass through a process of "fraction- It is a situation which will also test the whole alization"? Have we, in our work of diffusion character of the work which has been built up and creation, anticipated or adapted ourselves to through the devoted labors of mission boards, developments of the Mexican's own capacity for their representatives and supporters. The Church expression – in fact, do we pursue a really inin China has had to face these experiences and digenous policy? These are a few, only a few, of the many questions which a situation such as the their effect was temporarily depressing, but pos- Mexican suggests. sibly ultimately beneficial. In Russia the evangelical community is different in origin and or- The present difficulties have not befallen us beganization, and little information is available as cause we are modernists, or fundamentalists, or to its real status today. In Turkey the Christian attend church rather than chapel, or retreat minorities were "liquidated" after the War by rather than camp meeting; but because we are political action, and the problem hardly exists. selfish men; because we have loved ease more But in Mexico the Evangelical Church forms the than sacrifice; because we have preferred ourmost important of the country's minorities. It , selves to our Church, our Church to our Chrisstands in close spiritual relation to the churches tianity; our Christianity to our Lord Himself; of the United States, and its future will be fol- because we have lowered the level of our aim that lowed with prayer and interest, and we should we may the more easily enjoy the complacency of further remember that it is Mexican example our success. These are the things that make us which is liable to be copied in the rest of Latin unfit to minister to the world's need, and from these we need to pray to be cleansed. America.

We should not suppose that the Mexican situa- tion is impervious to influence. If it deteriorates further it may well be because of our own inertia Four needs of the modern world are: (1) A reas Christians, and this should be remediable. But creation of individual Christian life, with an enorwe must identify ourselves with the universal mous increase of conversions in the church and the agony of Christianity, and not attempt to evade sense of the presence and power of God, with self crucified; (2) a new fellowship of Christians, noth- responsibility by special pleading, however valid. ing less than the fellowship of the Holy Spirit; (3) We must once more find the solvent for the world's a recreation of the sense of mission to reconstruct spiritual contempt in the agelong vicariousness of the whole of life, standing for a new life in Christ, suffering. By so doing we shall take the more with no compromise; (4) a better realization that effective, because much the more difficult, course. Christ is in life today and moving IUs Church.- Bishop Logan H. Roots.

There are a few questions which require

We Interest Men in Missions?

-411 By the REV. GEORGE A. BROWN Pastor of the First United Presbyterian Church, Elyria, Ohio THE whole problem of interesting men in mis- women and the children of the Church. More sions is, in its final analysis, a matter of than this, it is primarily the work of Christian interesting men thoroughly, heartily, and en- men to make Jesus Christ known to the world for thusiastically in Jesus Christ Himself. The en- when our Lord began this great enterprise He entire missionary enterprise of His Church centers trusted the task to men. The historian Harnack in Him, its living, glorified, has remarked of the first three ever-present Head and Lord. Here are some interesting centuries of the Christian era, As Bishop T. U. Dudley says, facts about a most important that "we cannot hesitate to be- "The man who does not believe problem in the c h u r c h. lieve that the great mission of in carrying the Gospel of Jesus HS 0 m e bod y said that it Christianity was in reality ac- Christ unto all men every- caoheualddna'tndbediddoint.e" sTo hhee Mweenn'st complished by means of in- Missionary League of the where does not believe in Jesus Elyria Church has been given formal missionaries"; that is, Christ. No interest in missions widespread and favorable no- by what we now call laymen. means no interest for that par- tice. The Board of Administicular thing for which Jesus tration of the United Presby- Why is it then that today the was content to be born and to terian Church has told of the work of Christian missions is live and to die. . . . Yes, no work in a leaflet entitled, HAn largely in the hands of the interest in missions means no Adventure in Masculine Mis- women of the Church, espeinterest in the Lord Himself." sions,tt sent to all pastors in cially in the local congrega- Athnedecrhsuornchsa. ys:AHs ItDhra.s Wce.aseBd. tions? They are doing a mag- The men we have in mind in to be an experiment, and has nificent piece of work and may this discussion are Christian become an accomplishment!' God bless them in it. But as a men, men who know Jesus Several missionary periodicals result many look upon the en- Christ experimentally as their tire missionary movement as a personal Saviour and Lord. women's undertaking, and not Only such men can be expected as something to challenge the to concern themselves about have called attention to the serious and active devotion of Christ's mIssIOnary passion, work, and as a result inquir- strong Christian men. At the and purpose, and program. ies have come from twelve Younger Men's Missionary This question of how to in- states, east to west, and are Congress in Chicago last May, terest men in missions takes at still coming,. The story of a delegate reported at one of least two things for granted: the League has been told with the group conferences, that a first, that Christian men ought encouraging results at Cleve- man, when asked to give to lealsnedw, heCrehiacnadgob,asAbekernonbroaanddto be interested in missions, casted over the radio. AI- missions, replied: "I contribute and second that men can be in- to the pastor's salary and to terested in missions. The only ready similar men's organiza- provide heat and light for the question, therefore, that calls tions are being formed in church; you'll have to see my for an answer is just how this other churches. wife about missions." interest may be generated, de- "Why are the men of the veloped, directed and made Church not as interested in productive of definite, practical results. Consider missions as are the women?" This very question first the imperativeness and possibility of this the Christian Illen of India 'Iare asking. Dr.

matter. That men ought to be interested in mis- Stephen J. Corey, President of the United Chris- sions grows out of the fact that the great mission tian Missionary Society, tells of conducting an of the Church is missions. Since men constitute, open forum in India with some Indian Christian in part, the membership of the Church of the Lord leaders, mostly men, who asked, "Are your women Jesus Christ, missions is most certainly "a man's and children interested in sending the Gospel to job," just as much as it is the business of the India?" When he replied that probably two- [538 ] thirds of the money for foreign work in his com- of prayer. The book of "The Acts" makes this munion came from the women and the Sunday plain as does the history of Christian missions schools, their astonishment was unbounded, and since the first century of the Church's life. There one of them said, "Why, sahib, we in India have was also a very definite purpose; after three un- always felt that Christianity was a man's religion. successful attempts had been made to get the men . . . Why are the Christian men of America'less together and to hold them together, to organize interested in bringing Christ to us than are the them around the missionary objective. Finally women and children?" In answer, Dr. Corey tol.d there was the pursuit of this end in the spirit of them that the women in America were definitely patient persistence which the Lord has so wonder- organized for the study of missions and therefore fully blessed. His hand has been so manifestly knew more about missions and were naturally present and powerful that we ascribe to Him the more interested and were doing more for mis- glory and praise of it all.

sions than the men who were not so organized. Men and Missions Sunday Why Are the Men Not Organized? Lord's Day morning, November 19,1933, marks This suggests the further question: Why are the formal beginning of this movement in Elyria.

the men of our local churches not organized and That was "Men and Missions Sunday" and the doing the same kind of missionary work as the pastor preached especially to his men on the sub- women? Here is the reason: In addition to the ject, "Missions – A Man's Job," based on Acts fact already stated, that this whole undertaking 1: 8. In closing he appealed to them to organize to make Christ known to the world is regarded as a real Men's Missionary Society, calling a meeting being largely a strictly feminine affair, there is for this purpose the next evening. Fifteen men the general and deeply rooted conviction that the met with the pastor in response to the challenge work of organizing the men of our local churches of the previous day. From that night meetings for definite, systematic mission study and specific were held twice a month, for a period of six missionary service, simply cannot be done. Even months, under the pastor's leadership, until the the leaders of the missionary movements of the organization was completed, May 21, 1934, by the men of our Evangelical churches are decidedly adoption of a constitution, the election and instal- skeptical as to the possibility of this thing. When lation of officers, and the appointment of commit- we were thinking of organizing a Men's Mission- tees. Ever since that time meetings have been ary Society in our Elyria Church, a letter was held on the third Monday evening of the month – written to the Secretary of the Laymen's Mis- a time found to be the most suitable time for our sionary Movement asking him for any help that men. The membership at present is 40, being he could give us in launching this new enterprise. about 60% of the men on the church membership Mr. F. J. Michel replied, "We do not recommend roll. The average attendance from the beginning the organization of men's missionary societies, has been 27, for the last year 31, and for the last since they cannot be maintained continuously, as five months 36, including several neighboring pas- is the case with the women." (Mr. Michel, him- tors and some of their men.

self, thinks otherwise now.) Beside the usual officers for such an organiza- The second point in our theme is that men can tion, there are membership, program, project, be interested in missions because they ought to boys' work, welfare, and social committees.

be. The divinely imposed command insures the Monthly missionary meetings include worship, possibility. The very imperativeness of this task business, an educational program and a social assigned to the men of the Church of our Lord is period. During the year there were five meet- the" prophecy of its accomplishment. Christian ings with special speakers, four were conducted men can be brought together and they can be held by members, and three were in charge of the together in a missionary organization with con- pastor. Regular mission study courses have been tinuous monthly programs of spiritual worship followed and our present missionary proj ect is and missionary education and service, with the the support of a native evangelist in the Sangla finest Christian fellowship and increasing devo- Hill District of our mission in the Panjab, India.

.tion to their Lord. It has been done, and thus This evangelist's inspiring name is Gulam Masih, the possibility is fully demonstrated by the Men's which means "Slave of Christ." Later we hope Missionary League of the First United Presby- to have some definite work in a home mission field terian Church of Elyria, Ohio. Weare now ready for we believe that "the field is the world," so to answer the question "How?". that interest in missions anywhere means interest It is not necessary to say that this work is the in missions everywhere.

fruitage of prayer, of much prayer, for every for- One of the most encouraging things in the short ward movement in missions has been the result history of our Men's Mission'ary League is the

marked influence it has had on the life and work that we covet above all things. But the responsiof the Women's Missionary Society. At the end bility for human leadership most undoubtedly of the first year of the League the president and rests on the local pastor more than upon any other treasurer of the Women's Society were asked this living person. This is what our missionary statespointed question: "Has the Men's Missionary men think. Dr. John R. Mott, writing of the work League been a help or a hindrance to the work of of promoting missionary education and activity the Women's Missionary Society?" Their replies throughout the Church, by means of local Men':=; revealed the marked increase in membership, at- Missionary Societies, says: "There are reasons tendance, interest, offerings, cooperation between why the subject of the world's evangelization the men and the women, willingness to help in the should appeal with special force to men, and to work, and the growth of the missionary spirit the strongest men. . . . This greatest work of the generally in the Women's Missionary Society. world languishes in no small measure because of During the first year of the Men's Missionary the lack of their initiative and aggressive support. League the Women's Society gained 500/0 in active It rests with the pastors to call more largely into membership, 3470 in general offerings, while the action this vast latent power."

thank-offering for 1934 was 43 % above that of Dr. Mills J. Taylor, Associate Secretary of the United Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, 1933. The total missionary budget offerings of who has contributed so largely to the success of the entire congregation for the church year end- our Men's Missionary League, says, that "Proging March 31, 1935, were 137 % over those of the ress in these matters depends more upon the enprevious year. The Elyria W. M. S. was given thusiasm, and devotion and loving persistence of the highest efficiency rating of all the thirty so- a prayerful pastor than upon any other person." cieties of the Cleveland Presbytery, for the work of the last year. The president of our local so- The great need of this new movement for "Men ciety generously attributed their high standing to and Missions," therefore, is warm-hearted, wholethe influence of the Men's Missionary League. hearted pastoral leadership. Such leadership a goodly proportion of the men of our churches will Encouraging Possibilities follow. The result will be the realization of such triumphs of God's grace and power in the realm This record shows something of the possibili- of missions as will compel us to magnify and bless ties of a real Men's Missionary League, carried His glorious name for what He has done through on continuously, twelve months in the year, in an us. When Deborah and Barak were given the average congregation, and with growing power victory over Jabin, king of Canaan, the captain and popularity. Clearly this form of activity, that of whose host was Sisera, we read (Judges 5: 2, some said could not be done, can be done, for it American Standard Revision): "For that the has been done. We know of other groups of men leaders took the lead in Israel, for that the people who have joined this new movement. In Novem- offered themselves willingly. Bless ye Jehovah." ber, 1934, a similar organization was formed at Let the pastors, the divinely appointed leaders of Ezel, Kentucky, and in May, 1935, a Men's Mis- God's people today, actually lead in this men's sionary League was formed in the Margaret Park missionary movement and their men will willingly Church of Akron, Ohio. We hope and pray for offer themselves, and will bless "the God that the largest realization of the possibilities of this doeth wonders." It may not be amiss to remind work in local congregations throughout the entire ourselves that in this same chapter (5: 23) we Church. The eyes of missionary leaders in other read, "Curse ye Meroz, said the angel of Jehovah, communions are upon us and they are anxiously curse ye bitterly the inhabitants thereof, because waiting to see whether we really make good so they came not to the help of Jehovah, to the h~lp that they may know whether to adopt the plan. of Jehovah against the mighty." Mr. Fred J. Michel, of the Laymen's Missionary Movement, says: "I am so glad that the United Here, then, is our challenge. What are we go- Presbyterian Church has taken the matter up. In ing to do about it? If the men of our churches the measure in which it will succeed, we may hope ought to be aroused to a greater interest in Chrisfor the adoption of the plan by other denomina- tian missions, and if their organization into their tions." own missionary societies is not only possible but practicable, and if the responsibility rests upon If this work is to succeed, who is primarily re- us, the pastors, how can we be true to ourselves, sponsible for it? On the divine side it is the work true to our men, true to the unevangelized multiof the Spirit of God and we need to give to Him, tudes of the world, and above all true to our Lord the great Executive of the Godhead in this age of Himself, unless we do all in our power to realize grace, His rightful place in this whole undertak- this definite, spiritual, missionary objective? And ing. It is His presence, and power, and presi- "We can do it, if we will"; or better, "He can do dency in this promising missionary movement

THE GERMAN NEO-PAGAN FAITH MOVEMENT

it, if we will." Shall we not, then, in the face of and Saviour Jesus Christ. In the words of our the world's need of Christ, and with His command Men's Missionary League Rallying Song: ringing in our ears to "go, and preach the Gospel to every creature," and as the natural expression Came now, ye Christian men, of our own life in Him, with our whole heart, an- Obey your Lord's command; swer this call and challenge by saying, "By thy grace we will." Pray Him to send forth laborers In this and every land. What better time is there to begin this work than on the coming "Men and Missions Sunday," Present your gifts to Him, November 17, 1935? Let each pastor preach that Your silver and your gold; day to men, more earnestly than ever before, to show that "Missions Is a Man's Job." Then call But first of all, yourself He asks, a meeting for the organization of a Men's Mis- That He your life may mold. sionary League; pray, plan, proceed as the Holy Spirit may lead. God will touch men's hearts and Go forth, Ye Christian Men, the fruitage will be great. May God give you such Proclaim His name abroad; an experience, for the sake of His Son, our Lord That sinners far and near, may come To know the Son of God.

He gave His life for you, His precious blood He shed; Serve Him who saves you by His grace, The Church's Living Head.

The German Neo–Pagan Faith Movement By REV. W. O. LEWIS, D.D. I~­ European Representative of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society I T HE main facts about the religious controversy Hauer was born in 1881. As a young man he in Germany are well known and many have worked as a stonemason and so came into close heard about the movement in the Evangelical . contact with many irreligious people, but he also Church which calls itself "German Christian." knew certain pious folk who had considerable in- The press has also reported the speeches of Gen- fluence on him. He decided to become a mission- eral Ludendorff in which he prides himself on ary and entered the training school of the Basel the fact that he is in no sense a Christian. Most Missionary Society. Being exceedingly gifted, he of those who direct the affairs of the "Third soon mastered all his teachers had to offer him Reich" have broken more or less with Christian- and went to India as a teacher in a high school.

ity. But relatively little is known of what is prob- He has since stated that when the Missionary So- ably the most serious of the Neo-Pagan organiza- ciety offered to send him to India, he told the tions, The German Faith Movement (Deutsche directors he was not sure that he was a Christian Glaubensbewegung). and some of the older missionaries objected to There were pagan organizations in Germany at sending him out.

the end of the last century and many new ones When he reached India, he began to study In- have sprung up since the War. After Hitler came dian religion and took up the study of Sanscrit.

to power, they were afraid they would not be Later he went to Oxford and when the War broke tolerated, but in October, 1933, they were as- out he was interned by the British Government.

sured that the new Government would not under- His experience during the next four years had a take to suppress them. At Easter, 1934, repre- profound influence on his development. By the sentatives of various pagan organizations united time the Hitler regime was established, he had under the name of German Faith Movement. renounced Christianity openly. His book, Deu- They met at Schwarzfeld in a natural cave known tsche Gottschau (German View of God) may be as the "stone church" which is said to have been taken as the most complete and authoritative ex- used as a place of pagan worship before Chris- position of the Neo-Pagan German Faith Move- tianity was introduced into Germany. Professor ment.

William Hauer, a professor in the University of This movement is already well organized all Tiibingen, was elected head of the organization. over Germany. An effort is made to keep the

membership limited to those who are sure they that Christianity furnishes a sufficient basis for know what they believe or do not believe and morality. According to German press reports, why. It is claimed that there are 20,000 mem- recently in large meetings, Hauer and other rep- bers in these smaller fighting organizations, but resentatives of the movement have openly as- Hauer himself thinks he has evidence that there serted that Christianity has not only lamentably are at least 5,000,000 in Germany today who may failed to furnish the ethical foundations which are be classed as adherents, and the number is said needed today, but has actually brought great to be growing. The movement has its weekly and harm to Europe, having prepared the way for Bol- monthly periodicals, and is already giving a sort shevism. They claim that prostitution and bawdy of training to those who are active in the propaga- houses did not exist in Germany before Chris- tion of paganism. They have adopted a ceremony tianity came. German Faith ethics can be best for the dedication of children to take the place of learned by studying the biography of Frederick infant baptism and also have pagan wedding cere- the Great and other great German heroes. The monies. Besides lectures and various public military virtues are exalted. There is a limit to rallies, they have pagan ceremonies around trees the sacrifices the strong must make for the weak.

on high places. Most of the leaders are educated In some cases they say that it would be better to and are men of clean, moral lives. The movement allow the weak to perish, and in many cases men makes a strong appeal to certain young men who and women should be sterilized so that they can- made the Hitler revolution. Hauer and his friends not reproduce their kind. The individual counts claim that the religion they preach is the true for very little, the State is everything. The Ger- spiritual and philosophical basis of the Nazi revo- man Faith approves of war and the joy of battle lution. This movement is now not only tolerated for the nation's honor. Along with courage there by the Nazis, but is even allowed privileges which goes a certain fatalism. The German Faith man the churches cannot get. They are permitted to does not desire the rewards that Jesus said the use the large Sportpalast in Berlin for their meet- heavenly Father would give to the righteous.

ings which neither the Protestants nor the Ro- The German Faith rejects the idea of human man Catholics can use at present. sin. While admitting that not even the greatest These Neo-Pagans have so far refused to put German heroes attained their highest ideals, there in print anything like the creeds of the Chris- is little place for any real doctrine of sin, of re- tians. But from Hauer's writings and other pub- pentance, or forgiveness. They acknowledge the lications, it is possible to gain some idea of what need of no mediator to bear our sins. Each must they believe. bear his own penalty. Men conquer sin in their Great emphasis is placed on race. It is claimed . own strength since the essence of every man's that there is an inner, spiritual side which cor- soul is divine.

responds to the outer distinctions of the various German Faith people profess to honor Jesus, races. There has been an age-long struggle be- but they state boldly that they do not take Him tween the civilization which Hauer calls West as model and leader. They simply do not see the Asfatic-Semitic and the Nordic Indo-Aryan which need of the Christian religion. Some may think has found its finest flower in the Nazi state. No they need Christianity just as some think they effort is made to revive the paganism of the past cannot do their work without tobacco. But they in its ancient form, but it is claimed that Chris- could do their work better without this artificial tianity is alien to the German race and blood and stimulation. The German Faith does not claim the period of over a thousand years in German to be universal and valid for all mankind, but does history between Charles the Great and Hitler is claim to offer something better to Germans.

an interlude. The ancient paganism must be mod- Hauer asks, "Have those who believe in Christ ernized and brought up-to-date. Eckehart and more power to overcome the difficulties of life?

Nietzsche are often quoted with approval. Have they more courage to face danger, to risk The conception of God seems to be a sort of position, income, life; yea to look death in the mystical naturalistic pantheism. He is the hidden face? Have they more joy than the men of the background of all things who reveals himself in German Faith 'z Is their life more real, more nature and in men. His highest manifestation is genuine, cleaner? Are they willing to serve their in the fighter and in the German culture. The nation with _more self-sacrifice? Do Christians German faith god is hardly a personal god. The have more peace in fellowship with each other?

world which is the manifestation of God is not to Let the Christian prove his faith by his works."

be despised. It is infinite and eternal. Man's Whether they will or not the Christian people spirit is a spark from the eternal. But there is of Germany must accept this challenge. Those no separate conscious immortality. who know Christ have no doubt as to the out- When it comes to the ethical side, it is denied come. There can be no neutrals in this struggle.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home ~,~================E=D=IT=ED===BY==M==RS=.=E==ST=E=LL==A=S=.==A=IT=C=H=I=SO=N='=G==RA=N=V=I=LL=E='=O==H=IO================~.~~ NEW PLANS FOR PRO- ning lamp; Look and Read-an tian Ideal for America," with open book with a pair of spec- the Spirit of Home Missions, an GRAM BUILDERS tacles on it; Look at Your Indian, a mountaineer, a Span- THE LOOK OF THE MONTH CLUB Church-rays from above fo- iard, a Negro, an Alaskan, a cused upon a church building; Puerto Rican, etc., in vivid pan- Under this title the Forward and Look at Yourself-in the Looking Committee of the Meth- orama, and a ribbon visualiza- odist Episcopal Woman's Home looking glass, of course! tion of ties brought from Europe Mission Society has brought out This last volume is really the to various sections of the New a year's programs of a unique first, being intended for use in World by explorers and pioneers. character, the calendar being co- August, as a personal preface The leader next dials on a radio ordinated with a tiny "library" of 12 pamphlets enclosed in a wherein all officers and chairmen as if in search of station WHMS shall take an early look at them- from which The March of Time neat case, each pamphlet cover- selves in relation to the impend- is broadcast, short musical intering the material for a month's ing task, with the plans, goals, ludes being used between the program. The "club" is launched courses of study, organizational brief talks of people hidden be- "with the high hope that in the specifics, etc., thoroughly out- hind a screen and speaking as abstract study of the develop- lined and explained. Each de- if from a number of fields on ment and progress of home mis- partment of missionary endeav- which the society is working. sions, the understanding and de- or has the mirror held up for its The closing announcement is, votion of our sisterhood may be accurate reflection. As it is im- "The WHMS Marches on!" The deepened and broadened." The possible to follow the details of organization of the society is specific theme is, of course, "Pi- all the months, a general survey next illustrated in a large Temoneering Today in Home Mis- of the September booklet is here- ple Chart placed on an easel and sions," each month's "look" be- with given as a sample of the explained by the leader-founing at some phase of the task. development, the worthful sub- dation of Jesus Christ, organiza- Thus the first month is a "Look ject matter and its practical ap- tions, conferences and boards as Forward" at the magnitude of plication. As with all its succes- the steps, missionary education, the work. The cover design sors, the devotional service is Christian citizenship, departbears a clear cut telescope. The fully outlined even to the text mental bureaus, etc., as the pilensuing months are: "Look and for the leader's talk. Then fol- lars of a Greek temple. The Act," with a spotlight turned on low "The Look of the Month"- central pillar is finance. This Race Hatred, Intemperance and 20 minutes' study of the home feature covers the second divi- Juvenile Delinquency; Look at mission textbook (which is thus sion as outlined in each program the Work, a pair of eyes being completely covered in the course and is followed by the social focused at long range upon the of the year); a period on Wom- hour in which a recreational' map of the United States; Look an's Home Missions, which is a "Before and After" stunt is per- Up-Peace on Earth, with a specific study of some phase of formed. With the women distar; Look Ahead to Youth, the denomination's work–dti- vided into groups of four or five, with a pair of field glasses on zenship, conference institutions, or eight or ten if the audience is whose two lenses appear a boy Christian center activities, coop- large, leaders are chosen by each and a girl respectively; Look at erative projects and the like; group and a certain amount of Your Neighbor-an open win- while the last period is devoted time is given for planning. dow revealing a group of people to a social hour whose details fit When ready, a group depicts a of various nationalities inside; in with the preceding study. locality before and after the mis- Look at New Occasions-a ba- Thus in September the devotion- sionary society began its work, rometer, the sun and a cloud; al service takes a far and wide the audience in each case trying Look Far in Cooperation-a look at the task through God's to guess what institution or misyoung woman looking through a eyes; the textbook study pre- sion has been represented. The surveyor's transit; Look To- views "Toward a Christian best demonstration is then acgether-mother and daughter America" in a dramatic sketch claimed as decided upon either scanning a book under the eve- on "Home Missions the Chris- by judges or popular vote.

[543 ]

Posters suggested as adver- ination may be laid upon this by 11. What can a Christian individual tisement for this meeting fea- officers or chairmen of corre- and member of a group of Christian tured pioneer scenes, the invita- sponding committees who then young people do to improve motion tions being on a sunbonnet give their outlines for the open- pictures in your community? pasted on a postal card, and cov- ing year's work. The president ered wagons made of match cements all together, naming the 12. Can you subscribe to the stateboxes to be used as favors. binding material as "the helpful- ment on p. 162 beginning, "The fre"!- ness of each woman in the tier of the new day is largely social" While the specific details 'of this attrac- church." If the boxes are cov- as expressive of the whole task? tive series are denominational, its funda- ered with gold, silver or other mentals are of so unique a character and fancy paper, the design will be 13. Record somewhere what you so universally applicable that any Intelligent most attractive. This plan lends have definitely determined to do about program builder could adapt them to her itself to an annual meeting in the matters listed in this course. own use. It is issued by the Woman's Home which otherwise dull reports are Missionary Socitey of the Methodist Epis- to be presented. "So Built We From the Editor's Scrapbook copal Church, 420 Plum St., Cincinnati, the Wall" is the title suggested. Ohio. Price 50 cents. Capitalizing a Popular Hobby: Christian Youth in Action Hannah P. Miller, secretary for Another Year Book young women's work in the To an unusual degree this M. E. denomination, writes in a The program theme for the study for young folks may be new leaflet regarding capitalizwoman's society of the Alham- cast into the form of questions, ing the collecting hobby which bra, California, Baptist church discussion topics and the like. A enthralls all normal you t h was "Builders with Him" and few of Mrs. B. P. Heubner's as- sooner or later. Progressing the key verse "Come and let us signments as she taught this from dolls, pictures, books, pilbuild up the wall," Neh. 2: 17. book at the Lake Koronis, Minn., lows, spoons, elephants, etc., she The following is a brief outline assembly last summer were as proposes to call a halt on all of the meetings: follows: other accumulations until June 1935, the climax of the girls: Topic, "L a yin g Foundations 1. List some of the things wrong in Golden Year, meanwhile major- Through Reading." Presentation of America today. ing on "our little yellow envelnew books and the magazine Missions. opes" (containing the special 2. What are the attitudes of youth personal dues or gifts); $50 Stewardship, with the bricks of of your acquaintance toward the in- gifts from individuals or organ- Time, Money and Talent. ability to enter upon their life work? izations; names of new mem- What seems to you to be a Christian bers; subscriptions to Woman's Civic program, "Builders with Him attitude toward the situation? Home Missions, etc. Two prime for Good Citizenship." A temperance values stand out: (1) Friends program was given. 3. In what respects can the Church learning of the girls' new quest be said to have conformed to the will lend a hand to help make of Missionary program, "Building with standards of a pagan world? their favorite a Champion Col- Him Through Schools for Negroes." lector in the local or associa- 4. Arguments pro and con for sub- tional organization, and (2) Evangelism-"Winning New Work- sidizing or endowing churches to leave that whereas other collecting ers for the Wall." them free for their main task. hobbies are only for self-cen-· tered gratification, this one has Missionary program, "Building with 5. What is your community provid- an altruistic object in benefiting Him in Burma," Baptist literature ing for the leisure time of young peo- others. Even "collecting girls" and the Rangoon printing press being ple who cannot be in school? What for the membership may result featured. more might be done? in fine, lasting and serviceful friendships of far-reaching con- "Builders with Him Through White 6. From your own experience or ob- Cross Work," with dramatization servation, cite examples of interracial presented by the corresponding com- friendship. State obstacles and benemittee and a display of the work done. fits.

"Builders with Him in Our Church" 7. Would you patronize a Japanese -a workers' conference. dentist? A Negro physician? Enter- Various other special foreign fields were similarly considered.

"The luncheon feature for the year," says the Year Book, "is known as Birthday Partners. Each woman is given the name of a missionary whose birth date is the same as hers, and at the luncheon table (taking the tain a Mexican student in your home? sequences. Magazine subscripmonths successively) the women cele- Room with a Chinese at a conference? Are your answers free from race prej- tions result in a widening interbratin~ bring some news item or let- est with all its possible sequelre. ter from their birthday partners." udice?

Building the Wall 8. In the light of Chapter 2 analyze "Ships" for Toasts: The Col- your own community, considering its lege Ave. Baptist Church in Tois another widely adaptable needs, what the church or other agen- peka, Kansas, held a "covered theme based on the same Scrip- cies are doing to meet these, over- dish" luncheon using this theme, ture. The corner s ton e, of looked needs or situations, and formu- the table decorations featuring a course, should be Christ (repre- late recommendations for your young centerpiece representing a lake sented by a box of say 12 inches people's group and yourself. (silver paper) with a sparkling square), laid by a charter mem- beach, on which floated three 9. In parallel columns record facts regarding war which cause you to oppose it and why peace enlists your ber if possible. Then smaller active support. kindergarten – style s hip s of boxes labeled Prayer, Reading, 10. Has the attitude of young peo- heavy paper. Two were black Missionary Education, etc., ac- ple toward liquor changed since re- pirate ships with white masts peal? State evidence. Propose a pro- and sails – "Indifference" and cording to the departments of gram of action in dealing with the "Neglect," these being later run. work in the church or its denom- liquor situation.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

down and overturned by the Mounted on heavy material, the ties, and dividing the crowd into third, "Friendship," flying the back of each picture contains es- groups of from three to five each, American flag. Small boats sential information about its give each group one biography. carrying cargoes of nuts and subject. Mounted on heavy ma- The groups then repair to dif- other foods were used over the terial, the pictures are suitable ferent rooms or different corners table. The leader's talk showed for framing and using as visual- of the same room and read tohow neglect and indifference izations in missionary meetings, gether their leaflets, returning must be overcome and replaced study classes or Sunday school after ten minutes and putting on by friendship in dealing with teaching and give personal in- their demonstrations, playing "New Americans." The toasts terest to descriptive or biograph- charade-fashion upon the names .w ere on "Interpretership," ical material. of the missionary subjects. The "Friendship," "F e 110 w s hip," counselor then collects the biog- "Citizenship"and "Partnership." Birthday Partners: A good raphies and asks of each group A selection from "the Ship of luncheon feature for the wom- any ten questions (except exact State" was read. The plan lends an's society is to assign to each dates) answered in its sketch, a itself to the theme for home mis- member the name of a mission- point being scored for each sion study this year-"Toward a ary whose natal day is the same query answered cor r e c t 1y. Christian America." as her own and have these wom- Should the other groups be un- en, month by month during the able to guess the charade in the A Missionary Reading Room: year, give some news item or course of the quiz, the perform- The methods department in Mis- read a letter from their birth- ing group scores ten points so sions tells of a plan used in day partners at the luncheon that its maximum score is twenty White Temple (Baptist), Port- table, thus affording a double points. "You see this makes a land, Oregon, going a step far- "celebration." plain game into a purposeful ther than the common use of a game in which some learning literature table in the church Business Around the Maypole: processes must be going on or vestibule, or some other easily some very low scores will be accessible place. Miss Nettie Johnston writes of a made. The game may be played plan used at the May meeting in through several meetings." "Ours," writes Mrs. J. Fred Bell, the Pittsburgh Branch of the secretary of literature, "is a down Methodist Women's Auxiliary "Missionary Footsteps in Ja- town church, and when the family car for livening up the reception of pan." This apropos program takes the young people to the B. Y. branch reports. It was in the was prepared by Pearle Bourne P. D., fathers and mothers must go setting of a dolls' maypole party, and is described in The Window then and wait an hour for the church the "dolls" being pieces of mail- of Y. W. A., organ of the Wom- service. So we feel that this room ing tubes about five inches long an's Auxiliary of the Southern fills a real need. It is a small S. S. dressed up in ruffles of fluffy Baptist Convention: room, easily heated and comfortably crepe paper and drooping hats furnished. We (the board of missions framing faces cut from maga- Poster suggestion, an outline map of the church) started a library with zines. As each secretary read of Japan with Japanese shoes (clogs) books bought for the school of mis- her report, she rolled it up, marching across it. Dse some such sions. We are subscribing to Missions pressed it into a tube and at- wording as this: "March with Mis- magazine so there will always be the tached the doll to a streamer of sions across Japan at (time and current issue on the table, as well as the pole. This pole was set in place)." Japanese shoes made into 'A Book of Remembrance' and free the midst of a lawn of green folders in which is printed the pro- leaflets. We are asking for donations paper and had a yellow paper gram will be effective. Hymns: of missionary books." "flower of happiness" for China, "Footsteps of Jesus"; "Follow, Fol- a real iris for Japan, a rose for low, We Will Follow Jesus"; "Where Forty Missionary Stories is India and America, etc., at the He Leads Me I Will Follow." Devothe name of a new book by Mar- top. The gay streamers of the tional: "Ye Should Follow His Steps," garet W. Eggleston-"true tales pole and dresses of the dolls re- 1 Peter 2: 21b. Talks on "Getting that have the heart touch and lieved the monotony of the re- Our Footing," "Our Footing in 44 that carry their morals without ports. Years," etc., according to the subject words. They are not of equal matter to be covered in the program. stimulus but they cover a sur- Charades for Fellowship: A Special music, "Beautiful Japan," or prising range and few readers writer in The World Call sug- "Hail to the Brightness." Other fea- will escape their emotional ap- gests after looking over the bi- tures may be: "Footfalls that Pre- peal. The book is particularly ography sets of the United saged Great Events," "Footprints on adapted for use among boys of Christian Missionary Society the Sands of Time," "Turning Shoes the hero-worshiping age. (Har- that charades should be impro- Around" (changing old non-Christian per's; $1.50, or through your vised to familiarize people with ways through missionary influence). own literature department.) the names of missionaries and "Getting Our Footing" may be a True- impart information as to what and-False test, the leader either hand- Portraits of Missionaries: The each one did. Selecting from ing out a written test for each mem- Baptist Department of Mission- the leaflets such names as Trout, ber to mark or reading the items and ary Education has a large collec- Palmer, Hunter, Weaver, etc., letting the organization indicate the tion of 10×12¥2 portraits of its having dramatization possibili- correct reply, as: "The name, Japan, missionaries to which it keeps was given by Perry when the country adding from time to time. was opened to trade. (b) By the Chinese since the sun came from its direction. (c) Because of its beauty," the second being correct.

~~I====~============~========~I~

BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK GIVEN TO HOSPITALITY Jesus said, "When thou makest a feast, bid the poor, the maimed, the lame, the blind: and thou shalt be blessed; they have not wherewith to recompense thee."

Peter in writing "to the elect" urged them to practice "hospitality one to another without murmuring." Paul, in letters to the Roman Christians and to Timothy, his "true child in the faith," repeats the charming words, "given to hospitality."

The Rune of Hospitality I saw a stranger yestreen: as it unites us to Him and makes congregations who have listed I put food in the eating place, His prayers one with ours, will the members who would be the Drink in the drinking place, lead us to intercessory prayer first to leave and who would Music in the listening place; for all men." doubtless afterwards have "gold And in the sacred name of the Triune, stars" on another flag to be hung He blessed myself and my house, *** in the church. My cattle and my dear ones. And the lark said in her song, Let us thank God for the growing In helping its members "to Often, often, often, and deepening consciousness of the seek peace and pursue it," the Goes the Christ in the stranger's guise, need for peace, and for the personal Broadway Tabernacle Church in Often, often, often, knowledge of Him who brings peace New York City has made use of Goes the Christ in the stranger's guise. on earth.-From the Call of Prayer, the following anti-war declara- announcing the observance of the tion: -Old Gaelic Rune. Recovered by World Day of Prayer, February 28, Kenneth McCleod. 1936. "I have quietly considered what I would do if my nation THANKS BE TO GOD MAKING UP OUR MINDS should again be drawn into war.

Luke tells how Paul on his last Strange how we strong- "I am not taking a pledge bejourney "thanked God and took minded Americans who usually cause I do not know what I courage." know where we want to go, and would do when the heat of war straightway go, are now fum- mood is upon the country. But Paul in writing to his Chris- bling and stumbling along in in a mood of calm consideration tian friends in Philippi and making up our minds how to I do today declare that I cannot Colossre combined the giving of keep our nation out of the hell reconcile the way of Christ with thanks to God and steadfastness of another war. Evidently too the practice of war. in prayer. many of us keep our minds on the possible war rather than on "I do, therefore, set down my Father Fabian says: "Our our probable strength to find the name to be kept in the records own interests drive us obviously Way of Peace. I have heard of of my Church, so that it will be to prayer, but it is love alone which leads to thanksgiving. [546 ] There is little enough of prayer but there is still less of thanksgiving."

"Our knowledge of the Love of God to us calls us to pray for ourselves that we may be worthy of His Love. Our love for Jesus,

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOlv.lE MISSIONS

for me a reminder if war should thority of the Foreign Policy As- sciences have performed a valcome; and will be a solemn dec- uable function in conducting relaration to those who hold to sociation, which has gained wide search which increases our recognition as a source of un- knowledge of human relations, this conviction in time of war biased information on interna- but their findings do not reach that I believe them to be right; the masses, and therefore have and I do desire with my whole tional affairs, but the facts are too little influence on public presented in popular, non-tech- opinion. The Foreign Policy Asmind and heart that I shall be sociation believes that the most among those who keep to this be- nical language. Each book con- useful service which it can perlief. tains about forty pages and is form at this time is to develop a new means of public education "I set down my name to make illustrated with unique pictorial which will secure a wider disconcrete my present thought charts or graphs. tribution and more effective use of the knowledge derived from upon the question of war, and The series is especially suited research. declare my purpose to think and to the needs of discussion groups, The project is being carried talk with others about it, that current events clubs and forums. out by a new Department of my belief in the way of Christ Study outlines and supplemen- Popular Education organized tary material are available to this fall under the direction of shall become operative in this William T. Stone, Vice-President and in other questions which teachers, ministers, and club of the Foreign Policy Associanow confuse our thought and leaders using the books for dis- tion. Mr. Stone is assisted by action." cussion groups. The books are Mr. Omar P. Goslin, as educa- tional secretary, and Mrs. *** published in two editions: a Phyllis A. Goslin as editor. Mr. paper covered pamphlet edition and Mrs. Goslin are authors of Since June, 1934, the General for organizations and study Rich Man, Poor Man, a graphic Council of Congregational and survey of our economic dilemma groups at 25 cents a copy; and which has received enthusiastic Christian Churches has author- praise fro m educators and ized preparation for "a plebis- a book trade edition bound in critics. boards on sale at all bookstores cite of our denomination to de- at 35 cents a copy. Released by Foreign Policy Association, termine the mind of our people" S W, 40th St., New York, New York. on four propositions or others The gravity of the world crisis relating to the question of war is one compelling reason for this and peace. The vote is being new venture. If society is to taken this month. solve the fundamental problems May God be praised that of our times without resort to under his guidance some Chris- violence, it must apply knowltians will be led to make up their edge and understanding more minds concerning the Way of Peace. successfully than it has in the past. In recent years the social NEW VENTURE IN ~.

POPULAR EDUCATION I Headline Books Offer Popular I Material on International Problems I The Foreign Policy Associa- FLANDERS FIELD tion announces an interesting The float, shown above, entitled Flanders Field, was a unit in the Peace Demonstration experiment in popular education, prepared by Mrs. J. H. Callister, and directed at the Northfield Missionary Conference, initiated this month with the Northfield, Mass., in July. For particulars regarding such a demonstration for Peace, publication of Headline Books. The first volume is entitled "War refer to the B1IIletin for November, or address tbe Editor. Tomorrow: Will We Keep Out?" a survey of the proposals for keeping America out of the next war, written against the background of our participation in the World War.

The object of Headline Books is to present the complicated and difficult problems of our times in a form so simple and interesting that they will be understood by the millions of Americans who don't normally read "serious" books. The material which goes into each book carries the au- ! Our World–wide Outlook ~ ~II,~,=====A=M=issi=ona=ry =Ne~ wsp~ape=r o=f C=urr=ent=Ev=ent=s =====~~ NORTH AMERICA Interior, and is expected to take can be a Scout or receive a com- from five to ten years to com- mission unless he believes in Human Relations Institute plete. The work will employ God. In 1917 a special edition of the Bible and of the New The Williamstown Institute of about 4,000 men. Rev. Roy H. Testament, bearing the Scout in- Human Relations meeting at Murray has been appointed by signia and readings on the Scout Williams College in September, the Washington Co un c i I of brought together Jewish, Cath- Churches and Christian Educa- law, were issued.

olic and Protestant representa- tion for this work. The culminating "daily good tives with a frank and deter- turn," which is the capstone of mined purpose to create a better Chicago's Kingdom of God the movement, came in 1934, understanding. The 680 mem- Fellowship when the President of the United bers of this Institute, while not States broadcast a request for a forsaking the cardinal principles Chicago is developing a "King- nation-wide good turn during of their own religion, feel bound dom of God Fellowship," with Anniversary Week. In response together in a common task of aims akin to those in the Fellow- to this call, the boys gathered combating the forces of national- ship sponsored by Kagawa: "(1) 91,863 pieces of household furniism, secularism, intolerance and The deepening of spiritual life. ture, 22,206 pieces of bedding, materialism which are alarm- (2) An educational program to 268,716 pieces of clothing for inform the churches and inter- men, 276,423 pieces of clothing ingly on the increase. The Institute was based upon pret for them the life, the Chris- for women, 266,160 pieces of recognition of the fact that while tian experience and social pro- clothing for children, besides fundamental religious differ- gram of Toyohiko Kagawa, and 79,617 miscellaneous pie c e s. ences must remain, m u t u a I to relate ourselves to the Chris- These supplies were given to ununderstanding and a working tian International Fellowship employed persons. cooperation can be established in that is coming under the impulse Now, after twenty-five years spite of them; and that interest of Kagawa's Christ-like life and of the Scout Movement, almost in mutual problems can sur- teaching. (3) The study of and 800 men are devoting their mount respective differences. the relating of ourselves to the whole time to its leadership. A outstanding social action move- training school is carried on Are Country Churches Dying? ments within our own churches near Mendham, N. J. and the cooperative movement This question is often heard, -The Christian Advocate. as a technique for world brotherand a Louisville Baptist minister hood." Quaker Branches United has worked out an answer in the following figures for Kentucky: A booklet entitled "Kagawa A breach of more than a hun- dred years' duration was healed City Country and the Kingdom of God" has when the two branches of the been prepared and is being dis- Religious Society of Friends, Churches Churches commonly known as Quakers, tributed. Dr. Kagawa expects talked, prayed and were silent in Membership ….. 18,677 18,675 to be in the United States dur- Baptisms ……. 570 1,045 ing the winter.

Pastors' Salaries. $39,573 $33,883 Total Gifts …… $201,606 $69,723 S. S. Enrolment. 14,897 11,692 Scout's Silver Anniversary the same New York meeting house. More than a century ago -Watchman-Examiner.

Another Cooperative Project About half the Boy Scout the followers of Elias Hicks, calling themselves liberals, broke Seven denominations are coop- troops in the United States are erating in the support of an in- connected with churches. Of the off from the orthodox section, terdenominational religious pro- organization's twelve laws, the and each Suriday since then gram at the site of the Grand Coulee Dam in the State of most fundamental is the twelfth, these Quakers went their sep- Washington. This support pro- which reads: "A Scout is reyvides for a religious worker and arate ways. The reunion, which helps toward the erection of a erent toward God. He is faith- took place at Gramercy Park chapel building. The dam is being built by the Reclamation ful in his religious duties, and meeting house, was character- Bureau of the Department of the respects the convictions of others ized by a quiet service. When in matters of custom and reli- the service and announcements gion." This has been embodied were over there was a filing out, in the constitution of the Boy a shaking of hands, a little nod- ding across the meeting house. Scouts of America, and no one [548 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Danish Lutherans Take Washington Chinese Church religious. The "Socialist" teach- ing of Mexico is planned to a Stand The organization of a Chinese remove all religious preconcep- Community Church among the tions from the minds of the peo- The Danish Evangelical Lu- 800 resident Chinese is one of ple. In one of the most populous theran Church in America, with the most interesting recent de- states, all school teachers must a baptized membership of 18,- velopments in Washington, D. C., sign the following document: 000, assembled in convention in and is a brand new enterprise. Danevang, Texas, June 14-18, The recent visit of Dr. P. C. I declare that by all the means in passed the following resolution: Chua, head of a private hospital my power I will fight the Roman Cath- in Canton and an earnest Chris- olic religion and other religions. I Be it hereby tian, has initiated this move- declare that I will not take part in ment. The purpose is to con- private or public in any ceremony of Resolved, That the Danish Evan- duct a communuity church with the Catholic Church or any other regelical Lutheran Church in America educational, social and recrea- ligion. in convention assembled fully en- tional features in connection dorses other church bodies and peace with the religious services. The Many mission schools have organizations in their efforts to se- church will seek affiliation with been closed and it is expected cure full publicity concerning the the Church of Christ in China. that, by the end of the present facts and forces of armaments, and The pastor is Rev. C. C. Hung, school year, the few remaining in their efforts to create an enlight- of Detroit, who has had experi- schools will close. ened public opinion against the out- ence in similar enterprises. rageous increases of current appro- Mr. Grubb found the followpriations for the war and navy de- Quarters will be selected ad- ing is a Socialist Lord's Prayer partments. . . . jacent to the Chinese residential being taught in one school: area. Subscriptions promise We condemn the traffic in arma- adequate finances for the year. Our Socialism which is on the earth, ments, the diversion of money from The few Christian Chinese are Respected be thy name; public funds to channels indirectly en- all behind the enterprise and are Thine influence come, larging the power of the military es- represented on its board of man- Thy will be done as in the cities so tablishments, the subtle basis of the agers. Many other resident militaristic setup and spirit in vari- Chinese have shown their in- in the fields. ous public activities such as R. O. terest. -Christian Advocate. Give us this day our daily bread, T. C. colleges, relief organizations, Do not pardon us if we pardon our and economic agencies of control, and the taking of excessive individual and enemies, corporate profits in the production of And lead us not into the hand of armaments. clergy, But deliver us from evil. Amen.

Anti-Race Discrimination Moravians in Alaska It is useless to contemplate sending more missionaries to Christians who believe with The Moravian Alaska Mission Mexico, but Mr. Grubb calls at~ the Apostle Peter that God is no is celebrating its jubilee this tention to the fact that as the respecter of persons must re- year. The most encouraging prayers of God's children turned joice in the action of Pennsyl- feature of the work has been the the tide in a similar situation in vania in passing its anti-race- eagerness to read, and learn the China so will prevail today discrimination bill. This law Bible on the part of the young prayer, and spiritual life canprovides that there shall be no people, the best proof being the not be destroyed by governments discrimination "because of race, frequent and intelligent ques- today. creed or color," in inns, taverns, tions they ask. Often the midroadhouses, hotels, restaurants, week services are entirely given Mexico's Women for buffets, saloons, barrooms, ice over to Bible readings. Eng- Temperance .cream parlors, confectionaries, lish is being used more and soda fountains, drugstores, dis- more; no new translations of the South of the Rio Grande, as pensaries, c 1i n i c s, hospitals, Bible were made by the Mora- north of it, the saloon or tavern bathhouses, theatres, motion-pic- vian Mission last year. is a focus of crime and delinture houses, airdromes, roof quency. Mexican pulque and gar den s, music halls, race -Bible Society Record. tequila are as cheap as beer and courses, skating rinks, amuse- wine in the United States. It is ment and recreation parks, fairs, LATIN AMERICA with real satisfaction that Presibowling all e y s, gymnasiums, dent Cardenas, of Mexico, welshooting galleries, billiard and Education in Mexic9 comes the women of his nation pool parlors, public libraries, in a fight against alcohol. "It is kindergartens, primary and sec- The new system of education up to them' more than anyone ondary schools, high schools, in Mexico is closely allied to its else to solve the problem," he academies, colleges and universi- religious life. By a recent said recently, "for the sake of ties, garages and all public con- amendment to the Constitution, their children and homes, and to veyances. This seems to cover "Socialist teaching" is obligatory see that their husbands and the ground pretty thoroughly. in all schools, including mission brothers make good use of the schools. Mr. Kenneth Grubb, money they earn. Women will -Presbyterian Tribune. who examined Government text- be gratified to know that they books prepared for primary schools, found them to be anti-

have undertaken a great work. prisoners throughout the world. "Christ-Believing Jews" In the case of extreme necessity," he warned, "I may even For the coming Christmas some For several years there has have to prohibit the manufacture been in Hungary a group of of intoxicating liquor, so that 25,000 English, and over 5,000 Jews who have never severed this work will not be in vain." their connection with their peo- The National Revolutionary foreign letters, each handwritten ple, but who, as Jews, believe Party is conducting a series of that Jesus of Nazareth is the radio programs against the and decorated and containing a Messiah promised in the Old traffic in strong drinks. Testament. The leader of this clear Gospel message, have al- group is Dr. Deszo Foldes, who Ecuador Nationalizes Churches is the president of the Hun- ready been prepared. Two garian Hebrew – Christian Al- A decree was issued on Oc- liance. He has just published a tober 15th· nationalizing Ecua- prisons in the United States each book in which he relates his exdorean churches. It was an- perience on entering the Chrisnounced that another dec r e e are to receive 5,000 letters; the tian life, and his later efforts to would be issued nationalizing the advance Christ's cause among clergy. total number sent to North his own people. Among the rea- sons given for the establishment In 1869 tithes on farm produce America is over 24,000, while of "The Union of Hungarian for the support of the Roman Christ-Believing Jews" are the Catholic Church were abolished, about 600 in Spanish go to following: and a tax was substituted. In 1902, civil marriage was per- South America. Weare Christ-believing Jews bemitted and two years later the cause we believe in Jesus Christ. Church was placed under State Letters in several languages With all the strength of our soul and control. with all conviction of mind, we be- are being prepared for India. lieve and confess that He, Jesus of Plans for Amazon Basin Nazareth, is the one who, in accord- There are also requests for sev- ance with the promises of God through The vastness of the Amazon the great and holy prophets of our basin, and the apparently un- eral hundred Christmas letters Jewish people, was to come, and, by limited possibilities of its future His own sacrifice, to save His own bedevelopment have engaged the for use by prison wardens in loved people as well as all other sinattention of missionary agencies. ful lost souls, from their condemna- . It is said that this basin could India. -The Christian. tion, the death of sin. support 500,000,000 people, so immense are its natural re- Italy Needs Help We call ourselves Christ-believing sources. It seems beyond ques- Jews because we are children of the tion that its development will The Spezia Mission in Italy Jewish people and remain so, for we come within a generation or two. scrupulously keeps outside all are not willed to loosen the ties of With such possibilities in mind, political and military questions. union with our Jewish brothers, but Presbyterian forces of Brazil Its hands are full caring for rather desire to cultivate and foster have been contemplating the in- souls in its many sided work. It these ties. We cannot see a solution auguration of an evangelical is anxious that in the present of the Jewish question except by spirwork along the river, in order to crisis the needs of orphaned chil- itual renaissance through acceptance gain the advantage of being on dren should not be forgotten. of the New Testament without the the scene from the beginning. The Girls' Orphanage has been surrender of Jewish individuality. The plan calls for the coopera- at work for more than half a tion of the Brazilian Presby- century, while an orphanage for -Alliance Weekly. terian Church and the Northern boys is nearing completion. and Southern Presbyterian mis- While Rome, using the political Evangelism in Norway sions joining in itinerary work crisis, is seeking to crush the that would carry the Gospel up Spezia Mission, the workers feel About twenty-five years ago and down the river by boat to that the present situation fur- a revival in Norway laid the the widely scattered communi- nishes a definite opportunity to foundations of the greater evanties. -Christian Observer. proclaim the cause of Christ to gelical and missionary z e a I the Italian people. shown by that country as com- EUROPE pared with the other two Scan- -The Christian. dinavian lands. Today a strong Christmas Letters for evangelical movement is in evi- Prisoners Campaign in Corsica dence, especially among the stu- dents. Two years ago a Swedish Great Britain has groups of The Camps and Tours Union evangelist set up a Gospel tent voluntary helpers engaged in has held a series of ten evan- in Oslo for a series of meetings, preparing Christmas letters to gelistic meetings in isolated and the demand for evangelist'ic mountain villages of the Island services has been so sustained of Corsica. So far as known, that he is still there. The people not one Protestant was present; hunger for the Gospel. the average attendance of 30 was entirely Roman Catholic. Nearly all the population (2,- French Testaments, Gospels and 649,775) belongs to the Lutheran tracts were accepted readily by all those present, most of whom had never seen a Bible. At one meeting the people asked for an explanation of the difference be- tween Catholic and Protestant belief. Personal talks, explana- 1:!ion of texts and prayer had definite results among those of every walk in life.

-Life of Faith.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Church, within which this evan- Rev. G. Guenod, which deserves Missionaries Help Ethiopia wider circulation. We quote: gelical movement finds its home. American missionary doctors The country is strongly Prot- The steamer which is taking and nurses are planning to reestant, having only 3,000 Roman us to the Cameroon made a stop main in Ethiopia, in case of war at Algiers and then at Casa- Catholics. Only 800,000 of the blanca. In the first named place with Italy, in order that they population of Norway live in we passed the Depot of the Brit- may aid the wounded and ill. cities. The country population ish Bible Society. In 1934 there is very scattered, the average were distributed and sold, copies Dr. Robert W. Hockman, a density being only twenty-two of the Bible and New Testaments medical missionary, is reported to the number of 66,614 copies. people to the square mile. recently to have left for the -The Christian. frontier with five tons of Ethio- pian Red Cross supplies, includ- This work employs seven colpor- ing operating tables, stretchers AFRIOA teurs, both among Europeans and tents. He was accompanied and natives. The agency in Al- by Dr. Malaku Bayen, Ethiopian Changes Under Way giers is able to supply the Word husband of the daughter of the Nothing that is happening in of God in nearly 60 different President of Howard Univer- Egypt, and, in fact, in all Mos- languages. sity, Washington, and 100 native lem countries, seems more sig- Casablanca is a prodigious assistants. nificant than men's awakening city which was not in existence Dr. Tom A. Lambie, field dito the desirability of educating before 1907! It contains so rector of the Ethiopian Mission, women for a place in society many things to see, among them a part of the Sudan Interior Missimilar to that in the West. "Bidonville," the "zone," the sion with headquarters in To- Arabic papers frequently pub- name of which indicates its mis- ronto, is organizing the Red lish articles on the subject, some erable appearance. of which have been translated Cross. Dr. Esther Bergman into English. At a Rotary Club "ladies night" recently in Cairo Contrary to appearances about and Dr. Tesla Nicola, both of Los there were several Mohammedan 10,000 Moslems swarm about the Angeles, and other missionary members present, including the place. Our arrival was marked doctors, will convert their hospresident of the club; but not by the Aid-el-Kebir, the great pitals into institutions for war one Mohammedan lady came day of the "mutton feast." wounded. American w 0 men with her husband. The example Every family kills a sheep, and have also volunteered their servset by the Palace, where the everywhere from u n d e r the ices in making bandages and Queen is kept in complete se- doors of the little yards flow splints. clusion so far as mixed com- little streams of blood which feed pany is concerned, tends to keep the ill-smelling mud of the Foreigners in Addis Ababa back the older leaders of the streets. This does not prevent (pronounced A'ddis A'hwahwa) community from following new the crowd from strutting about fear air raids and gas attacks social ways. in magnificent holiday attire. It most; except for a few anti- happens to be at the same time aircraft guns, the capital is un- -Wilbert B. Smith. the Jewish Sabbath. prepared for such attacks. Few are equipped with gas masks The Gospel Welcomed At the "House of the Bible" which an enterprising German we had the good fortune to meet merchant is selling at $40 each. The Church Missionary So- Mr. Dugald Cam p bell, the ciety reports a marked change in The British Legation, which is Omdurman, Egyptian Sudan, in Scotch colporteur of the desert. on a full wartime footing and is the attitude to Christianity. For more than thirty years he equipped with subterranean dug- There is a growing interest and outs; the German Legation has readiness to listen, evidenced by has been traversing the Sudan bomb-proof shelters but the the large attendance at meet- and the Sahara in every direc- United States Legation has no ings where the speakers included tion. He is particularly inter- such protection. an Armenian, an American, an Egyptian, an Englishman and a ested in the Tuaregs and has French Government Donation Sudanese. Simple Christian teaching is welcomed in the hos- written about them and his After the aeroplane accident pitals, although not a few draw trips some gripping stories. in Congo BeIge, which cost the back when they realize what is lives of Governor General and involved in an open acceptance Mr. Campbell was just about Madame Renard, the French of Christ. -Life of Faith. Government acknowledged the to start on a new tour. It takes service rendered by Baptist Mis- him about two years and a half. sionaries at Bolobo and Tshum- He needs to buy eight or nine biri by sending a donation to- camels on which he will load his small parcels and hundreds of kilos of Gospels (which are pub- The Bible in North Africa lished in his own Targui trans- ward the work of these stations. lation). He is always in danger After paying the costs in- The Journal des Missions of a bullet from a fierce, but un- curred, the missionaries plan to Evangeliques publishes a letter seen Chleuh, but the cover of apply the money toward ur- gently needed new buildings-at from one of its missionaries, the God will protect him.

Bolobo, new classrooms for Ayia Sofia, is to be turned into a zation. An Indian lady from teacher training and girls' dor- public library. Lucknow has been elected chairmitory, and at Tshumbiri improvement of missionary dwell- Persia Makes Radical Changes man of the united organization. ings. -Southern Workman. Three Indian delegates were sent In addition to other changes Another Jubilee Offering in Iran has come the introduc- to the World's Student Christian tion of music (forbidden by the Federation, which met in Bul- From the chief and oldest Koran) with military bands and garia last August. While angrandmother to the youngest singing taught in schools. Relichild, everybody helped to make gious leaders have been stripped other contact is with the newly bricks, bringing timber from 30 of old perquisites, such as the organized Student Christian miles and sand from five miles right to witness all deeds for fat away to build an addition to the fees, the control of the huge Movement of Java when four church at Qanqu, South Africa, lands and possessions of the representatives of the Indian and thus worthily celebrate the church, and the right to inter- movement visited Java last Augchurch's fiftieth anniversary. fere in political affairs. Many Seventeen hundred people at- who have protested the change ust. India is also looking fortended the opening service, 700 have been imprisoned or exiled. ward with great interest to the of them communicants. Besides visit of the American Negroes the offering, a special gift was Marriageable age for girls has also been raised from nine to six- who are planning to tour most of teen, and the consent of the first the important student centers in India, Burma and Ceylon in the coming winter.

-The Christian Century.

presented to the Bishop, includ- wife is required before a second Revolt Against Hinduism ing seven oxen and several sheep, can be taken. Modern schools 400 pounds of potatoes, 200 have been established for girls The Associated Press reports pounds of sugar and several as well as boys; moving pictures that on October 15th ten thoupounds of tea. The Bishop gave are used in government schools; sand "untouchables" revolted all this back to the people and and policemen have been ordered against Hinduism by resolution a grand feast followed. The to tear up every old style hat after they had been addressed by building fund was sec u red they see. Recently the leading Dr. Ramji Ambedkar, at a meetchiefly by the Bishop of Aber- mosque in Hamadan was com- ing of the depressed classes at deen, after his visit to South mandeered by the department of Nasik. education, and the dome was Dr. Ambedkar urged them to Africa a few years ago. used for the suspension of a abandon Hinduism and adopt WESTERN ASIA Foucalt's pendulum, showing the "any other religion which gives Changes in Turkey revolution of the earth on its you equality of status and treat- axis, thus proving that the world ment." He continued: "I had the misfortune to be born with The Moslem W 0 r l d (New does move-in more ways than the stigma of the untouchable, York) reports that further rad- one. -The Presbyterian. ical changes are taking place in but it is not my fault. I will not Turkey. Bahaism Under Fire die a Hindu."

The new Parliament proposes to Iran is using governmental His audience heard the adtransfer the weekly day of rest from authority to suppress Bahaism, dress with marked enthusiasm.

Friday to Sunday. Primarily this is one of the greatest of peace or- Practical Christianity a change due to commercial, and not ganizations. This sect, perseto religious reasons. Money and time cuted in Turkey, found freedom Ten boys from a mission are lost on the Continental Bourse by in Iran, the land of their birth, school in North India put their Constantinople being closed on ,Fri- but an official proclamation has Christianity into effect during days. At the same time the change is now closed their schools. The the hot season by providing railworking to the advantage of the reason for this persecution is way passengers with drinks of Christian, and is another blow to the that their spiritual leader peti- cold water. They also helped old Moslem. However hard it may be for tioned the League of Nations to men and women, some of whom Christians in Turkey today, their secure for them the right to elect had never traveled before and position is in no way so difficult or a representative at the Persian were glad to have cheery lads distressing as that of Islam. Out- Parliament. help them with their bundles. wardly at least, Islam is crumbling. -United Presbyterian. These same boys, during an The Muezzins are forbidden to call to prayer from the minarets in Arabic; epidemic of malarial fever, went into the villages and distributed it must be in Turkish. But the call quinine, encouraged people to brings no general response; the old keep their bodies clean and to take other health precautions. In imam's voice, breaking on a top note, INDIA AND SIAM only calls forth mocking laughter. Student Christian Movement Ayia Sofia (formerly a Christian Church and then a mosque) has been The Student Christian Movereopened as a museum. The great ment of India is entering upon a discs bearing the names of the first four Khalifs and other like decora- new phase of its history, as it some places they showed lantern tions of a Moslem character have been removed and the old atmosphere has has been found possible to unify slides which suggested ways of gone. It is rumored that the mosque the men students' and the wom- maintaining good health.

of the Sultan Achmed, the one nearest en movements into one organi- -The Christian.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Toward Christian Unity Learning to Live In and Around Malacca Dr. E. Stanley Jones is setting Rural reconstruction is mak- The missionary history of up in Lucknow a new ashram, ing headway in Burma. The for the special study of service Malacca (Malaysia) contains the and evangelism. He is an ear- Methodist Anglo – Vernacular names of three famous men. nest advocate of Christian unity, School has a rural bias in its cur- St. Francis Zavier worked there riculum. Boarding pupils pay and would combine all Christians 20 baskets of rice annually for for some time, and stories of his in one "Church of Christ in miraculous power are still cur- India," with many "branches"- their board, and do outside man- rent among his followers. Milne Syrian, Lutheran, Methodist, ual work certain hours. Weav- ing, carpentry and the like are started the Anglo-Chinese Col- Friends, etc., each branch keep- lege in Malacca toward the end ing for the present its old or- additional. Girls are instructed ganization. Over all would be in poultry raising. In the dor- of the 18th century. It was later an All-India General Assembly mitories, the students practice moved to China. Robert Moror Synod, meeting at long inter- housekeeping in groups, buying rison set up his first printing vals, the National Christian and preparing the meals on one press in Malacca, and there his Council acting as an executive rupee a week. first translations of the Bible committee. At Chaungwa is an S. P. G. into Chinese were printed. Shel- -Christian Advocate. rural center which is similar in labear Hall commemorates the aim and method. Literary work Methodist pioneers in this field, Dr. and Mrs. Shellabear. Mrs.

Telugu Convention is done at both schools and the Shellabear founded the Suydam manual training appears to In Bezwada, India, was held make the pupils more alert. Girls' School, and the boarding recently the great Telugu Con- school which accommodates 100 vention, which was attended by -Burma News. girls. more than twenty thousand native Christians, saved from A Problem in Siam Malacca has a Tamil congreheathenism. A huge structure was built for the occasion. The Dr. Barnhouse, writing in gation and one for the Hokien delegates slept on the ground. Revelation, after a recent visit, Chinese. Daily Vacation Bible Their wants were few-a little tells us that the Siamese have a rice and curry. REVIEW readers tendency to accept Christianity Schools are conducted in eight are familiar with the beginnings by households. Families are so outlying districts, as well as in of this work among the Telugus bound together that if any indi- -how for years no opening was vidual considers becoming a Malacca. One new outstation Christian, it is a matter for the has been opened recently, also a new Sunday School in Malacca.

-Woman's Missionary Friend.

gained, until some Boards were household to settle. He goes to CHINA on the point of recalling their his parents, his brothers and workers. At last the break Missions and Philanthropy came, and 2,222 were baptized sisters, and even households of Cooperate in a single day. Since then the cousins are consulted, so that work has steadily developed. The Spirit of Missions gives a when a man becomes a Chris- striking example of cooperation -Alliance Weekly. tian, frequently his whole house- between a mission hospital and hold is brought in, and some- a benevolent society. This was In the Assam Hills in Anking, where not long ago a times two or three collateral crowd of forlorn women and Rev. W. G. Supplee, Baptist households. This explains one children, driven in by famine worker in Assam, reports that from outlying farms and vilchurch membership is growing of the great difficulties that has lages, invaded the city, grabbed faster than it can be cared for. been prevalent in the work of the wheels of jinrikishas and At the present time the Christian membership of the churches the schools. A student from a non-Christian home who comes under the influence of Christian- ity, and who perhaps really has among the Serna Nagas is well become a Christian at heart, will pulled at coat sleeves, begging over 5,000; the past year 800 were added. The Association of consult his parents before con- food. the Christians of one section of sidering baptism. More often Anking has a group of Chinese than not, permission will be rethe field was held at Alaphumi, business men who call thema village 100 miles from Kohima. fused, and the student will obey selves a "Fellow Benevolence the parents. There have been Society." They are not all There were 4,400 people there. many cases where, years after Christians. When this invasion The Gospel of Mark is the only graduation, students have writ- took place, a committee of the part of the Scriptures available ten to their former teachers say- society went through the streets ing that parents having died, or after midnight and picked up all in the Serna Naga.

The missionary motorcycle other obstacles having been re- the children between six and traveled over 1,000 miles on the moved, they have decided pub- twelve years who were sleeping paths of the Naga Hills, Assam, licly to become a Christian. on doorsteps in the rain-139 of during the past year. Through the years they have them.

-Watchman-Examiner. continued their Bible reading. The men's society then ap-

pealed to St. James' Hospital in ference held recently at Kuling, hundred centers the Chinese Anking. The staff got into ac- Central China. Nanking Theo- Government is offering treattion and vaccinated for small- logical Seminary expects to re- ment for addicts of the drug and pox; scrubbed, dosed, treated, ceive about $3,000,000 from the before the end of 1935 all are redressed wounds, shaved heads Wendel estate, all of which will quired to report for treatment. and deinfested. The mission's be reinvested and the income Those who are discovered using religious education workers took used in augmenting the equip- drugs after they have been turns going over to teach tooth- ment and personnel of theolog- treated will be subject to five brushing, handscrubbing, and ical schools the country over. years' imprisonment; those who other pleasant "games"; also are compelled by force to submit put up posters from the Chinese As a first step toward reduc- to treatment and then relapse National Health Administration. ing the number of theological will be put to death. Beginning Pupil nurses took up a collection schools in the Gountry in the in- next year all persons found using to buy 139 toothbrushes and terests of greater efficiency of narcotics will be given five years' drinking cups. operation, nine institutions-in- imprisonment, and after that cluding four union theological year the penalty will- be death. More Trouble in China colleges, three union theological training schools and two post- -Christian Advocate. Dr. Susan Waddell, an Amer- graduate schools of theologyican Presbyterian Medical Mis- have been singled out to receive JAPAN-CHOSEN sionary who went out to China direct financial assistance from in 1921 and later married a Chi- the Wendel bequest. Hokkaido Calls nese Christian, Hsu Shih-chu, was murdered (probably by rob- -Dayton News. There has been both material bers) in Hanking on October and spiritual progress in Hok- 14th. Bandit Invasion kaido since the first C. M. S. missionary settled there in 1874, Dr. Waddell was born in Iowa The Missionstidning for Fin- the diamond jubilee having been and served as missionary doctor land publishes the following celebrated last year. In the at Cheeloo University, Tsinan, telegram from ones of its mis- early days the Japanese re- Shantung. sionaries: garded Hokkaido almost as J. foreign country-the land of the Another despatch from China Aug. 29 the Mission Society Ainu. Today, Hakodate is the on October 8th says: received a telegram from Pastor ninth city in the empire, the Meeder in China containing the agricultural college at Sapporo Twenty-eight missionaries, in- distressing news that the entire has become an imperial univercluding fourteen Americans, be- mission field was occupied by sity, and nearly every part of gan a hazardous 600-mile Yellow communistic bandit troops. All the island is accessible by rail. River flight from Chinese Com- the missionaries are safe. The munists, as they began to move government troops were re- By degrees, the Christian nearer to Lanchow, in Kansu ported in command of the situa- Church has spread over the Province, from Szechwan. tion over the whole field early in island. Well educated Japanese July. The society had learned clergy now have full charge of The Christians were heading that Yungshuen, the most west- their districts. But missionaries for Paotow and thence for ern of its mission stations, had have been reduced in number so Peiping. , fallen into the hands of bandits. that there has been no marked This deprives the mission for increase in the number of Chris- Wendel Bequest at Work the present of the opportunity tians, although the population to continue its work in China. has trebled. There are the large Missionary leaders in Shang- It is all the more discouraging, centers, cities of over 150,000, hai say that the Wendel bequest since after great trials endured inadequately occupied; and vast of millions to the missionary during recent years, the Society untouched areas in outlying cause in China is bringing coop- was beginning to see the dawn areas. Of the 15,000 Ainu proberation among the Christian of better days. The Finnish Mis- ably five or six hundred are agencies at work. Gradually, sion Society deserves the prayer- Christians.-C. M. S. Outlook. they predict, foreign mission- ful sympathy of all Christians in aries in China will be supplanted this new affliction. "Retreat" at Chungju by Chinese pastors whose education will have been made pos- End of Drug Traffic by 1937 Some lights and shadows in sible by the Wendel millions. Korea are given in a letter from Dr. John R. Mott declares that Rev. Harry J. Hill, Presbyterian A far-reaching program for for the first time he feels that missionary in Pyengyang. "A the coordination of all Protestant the drug evil in China is under fifteen-year-old g i r 1, meeting theological schools in China control. General Chiang Kai- with the session in preparation under the leadership of the Nan- shek is determined to "stamp it for communion, was asked by a king Theological Seminary, ac- out" as is shown in a report of Korean elder: 'What is your tual beneficiary of the Wendel the National Opium Suppression moneys, was tentatively ap- Commission. At more than six proved by the heads of the various schools concerned at a con-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

greatest sorrow?' I~ tears she Solomon Island Christians go from. jungle villages, where replied: 'The unbelIef of my life is primitive and religion father.' This father had once The Evangelical Christian crudely animistic, to jungle vilbeen a church officer, but had lage schools and churches – so lapsed, while his family re- says of the Solomon Islands: simple and crude as scarcely to mained faithful. "The outstanding characteristic of the native Church in the Sol- seem such at all-thence to town "Another little Korean girl omons is their acceptance of the churches of beauty where real whose father, though professing Bible as the inspired Word of fellowship in worship may be ex- Christianity had sold her to be- perienced, and finally to the come a da'ughter-in-Iaw in a God, and their application of it heathen home, led her h~sband to their own lives. The Bible center at Medan where excellent ana mother-in-law to ChrIst. becomes their rule of life, and is schools for boys and for girls are conducted and where, in a b~a':l­ "Over 130 Koreans and 18 always the final court of appeal." tiful church building, worshIp IS missionaries recently held. a One of the native teachers had conducted in four different lan- Bible study retreat at ChungJu. guages for that polyglot city. For some years there has been two children, who died within friction between nor t hand Here one sees the entire range south but in this Retreat, a one week. Much to the amazespirit' of love and reconciliation ment of the heathen, who could of missionary activity from the were clearly manifest. There not understand that a Christian early approach to the jungle was earnest Bible study and a wonderful spirit of prayer sorrows not as those without dwellers on up to the self-reamong the Koreans." hope, this teacher went on w~th specting and largely self-sup- his daily work. They asked hIm ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC porting church and school work why he and his wife were not wailing as the heathen do. He in the city centers, as a pano- told them of the Father's house rama of what the Gospel can do.

with many mansions, and of the -FRANK T. CARTWRIGHT sure and certain hope he had of in Christian Advocate. , seeing his children again.

World's Smallest Kingdom To the missionary he said with Evangelism in the Philippines a smile: "You know that verse, Tonga is one of the smalle~t 'And God shall wipe away all E. K. Higdon, Executive Seckingdoms in the world and .IS tears from their eyes'? God has retary of the Philip~ine. Nathe only independent country III done that for me already." tional Christian CouncIl,. IS ac- the Pacific. It is located 400 M. 1. M. in Australia customed to write a ~etalled r~­ miles southeast of Fiji, and 36 port of each field trIp. In hIS of its many islands are inhabited, The Methodist Inland Mission latest report he says: the total population being about is doing for the settlers of West 29,000. The people are Poly- I am increasingly convinced of. the nesians, closely akin to ~al!103;ns and North Australia what "cir- value of educational eva~gehsm. and Hawaiians. ChrIstIamty cuit riders" in America did for Anyone with a degree of skIll as a was introduced by British Meth- the frontiersmen a century ago. public speaker and with a knowledg.e odists in 1826. of mob psychology can secu~e .decI- In two immense areas, which sions in mass meetings. But It IS an The Tonga Church has sent have a sparse population of entirely different story to meet young pioneer workers to Fiji and people one by one, or in sma!l gr~>u~s Samoa, to New Bri!ain and the miners, cattlemen and sheep- with the purpose of an~werlll:g mdl- Solomon Islands. SIxty per cent herders the mission has ten or- vidual questions and dealmg WIth p.erof the Tongans belong to the sonal problems. The plan of sp~ndm.g "Free We s ley a n Church," dained workers. With the help three or four hours each day m prd: of automobiles they cover large vate or small group <:onferen!!es an formed by the union of two one hour in the pubhc meetmg h!l-s fields otherwise cut off from civ- proved fairly satisfact.ory. We dldsbranches of Methodism effected ilizing influences. Roads are cuss any vital questIOn presente , mere tracks; trains on the few such as: railways run on weekly or biin 1924, and affiliated with the weekly schedules. Schools and How may I continue my e.ducatio?? Methodist Church of Australasia. hospitals are rare. Heat and What openings are there m ManIla The church is self-supporting, drought make living conditions although its income has been re- hard. Airplanes carry the mails; for a work student? Is there any future for a young man in the fishing industry?

duced by more than 50 per cent camels are used for transport. Would you advise me. to., stud?, in the past few years. The The Mission's monthly bulletin, nursing? Home economICS. Agn- Tongans are noted for their The Methodist Inland Link, gives eagerness for an education and one a new sense of the vastness culture? Tubou College trains young peo- of Australia. ple to serve Church and State. How should I make love? Religious and academic training -The Christian Advocate. is supplemented by work on What are the bases for a happy plantations. The Gospel Panorama married life? -Missionary Review In Sumatra one may see al- (kustralia) . most the entire story of Chris- Give us some methods of birth con- tian missionary effort. One may trol. ., How may I keep my mind clean.

How may I overcome temptation?

It is natural for young people to have sexual desires. What is wrong about satisfying them promiscuously?

Is the Roman Catholic Church the sinia, liquor and drugs, gam- faith movements and condemning in- original church? bling, the economic situation, the fluences stifling individual religious churches and the totalitarian liberties; Was Luther justified in starting the state, the freedom of conscience, Protestant Church? evangelism, education and Chris- 2. To demand justice in human re- tian unity. The convention de- lations by presenting facts free from Is there a judgment? plored "the revival of anti- prejudice; semitism, the denial of funda- Mr. Higdon reports that there mental human rights to men and 3. To interpret public affairs has been a marked change dur- women because of race and through an editorial policy of coning the last four or five years in color." Apprehension was ex- structiveness; the type of question asked by pressed at "the growing menace students regarding life work. of the liquor and drugs traffic." 4. To suppress crime by punishing Now, they are more interested criminals and supporting mental hyin earning a living than in be- The next Disciples' World gienic education that will avert crimcoming lawyers or professors. Convention will be held in Tor- inal-producing, nervous complexes onto, in 1940. among children; MISOELLANEOUS -The Christian Century. 5. To sponsor open forum columns Armenian Bible 1,500 Years where readers may present diverse Old The Jew and Ohrist views on controversial subjects; Catholicos Papken, of Antel- Claude Montefiore, England's 6. To give greater space to reliias, Syria, writes: outstanding Reformed Jew, de- gious features that emphasize inter- clares that the Christ of Scrip- faith cooperation; According to the tradition of the ture has a greater appeal for the ancient Armenian Church, Christian- modern Jew than a Unitarian 7. To encourage civic conditions ity was introduced into Armenia be- Christ. "The Jew," he says, conducive to improving public phystween 60 and 66 A. D. by the Apostles "cannot find God in a man. ical and mental health; Thaddeus and Bartholomew. It was God's righteousness, God's goodproclaimed the State religion in 301- ness, God's love are to him in- 8. To sponsor charity for all who 302. Armenia was divided into two comparable with man's, because, need it, but to insist that charity be sections in the 5th century and since even if he cannot understand distinct from political patronage; and Syriac (the Persian language) dom- how, the Jew always conceives inated one section, and Greek the them as so infinitely deeper, 9. To support vigorously those other, the unity of the Church was wider, wiser and more pure than highly important principles of harendangered. As a result it was de- man's righteousness, goodness monious international relations seekcided fifteen hundred years ago (436- and love. That is why, I sup- ing to supplant war with permanent 37) to translate the Bible into Arme- pose, he is unable to call any peace and amity. nian, the common laJ!g'uage of the man his Master. That is also people. As this had not been reduced perhaps why the Jew, if and Religion as it applies to human reto writing, the preparation of an when he does in honesty aban- lations involves these nine points: Armenian alphabet was necessary. don Judaism, can more easily freedom of worship, justice, construc- The period that immediately followed become an orthodox Christian tiveness, crime control, open discusis called "The Golden Age of Ar- than a Unitarian." sion, interfaith concord, hygiene, charmenia." Seven hundred years later, ity and amity. in one province (Sunik), there were -The Hibbert Journal. 10,000 manuscript copies of the Bible -The Churchman. and in all Armenia there were 150,000 The Press and Religion Biblical manuscripts-all translations Sunday School Teachers' Debt from the Septuagint. Horace D. Crawford, editor of the Indianapolis New s, and An instructor in Boston Uni- The American Bible Society is teacher of journalism in Frank- versity School of Religious Eduplanning to commemorate the lin College, believes that news- cation asserts that every Sunday 1500th anniversary of the first papers may serve religion in school teacher should pay $1,000 translation of the Armenian other ways than by printing toward Christian work for the Bible, and Catholicos Khoren I, church notices. Said he: "Edi- privilege of teaching the Bible in of Armenia, has issued a call to tors, like many others, fre- any well organized Sun day all Armenians to celebrate this quently believe religion is more school. Here is his logic: It is important event. deeply concerned with the way worth $250 to acquire a pure people live than with their par- English vocabulary, such as any Disciples Take a Stand ticular beliefs. I believe that habitual Bible student will ac- newspapers serve the cause of quire. The habit of careful, Last August more than 800 religion when they strive for the systematic study is worth $250 Disciples, from all quarters of following objectives: more; and still another $250 the earth, joined with more than represents the value of prac- 1,200 members of the Churches 1. To fight for the maintenance of ticing the precepts of the Bible of Christ in Great Britain and constitutional rights of free worship which lengthens one's life. Fi- Ireland, to hold the second world and expression by commending inter- nally, $250 is owed by the convention of the Disciples of teacher who develops h i g h Christ in Leicester, England. moral ideals, consistent with ac- Resolutions adopted included ceptance of Bible teachings. declarations on race relations, peace and war, Italy and Abys- -United Church Record.

God, give us sense,-God-sense of life's new needs, A nd souls aflame with new-born chivalries- To cope with those black growths that foul the ways,- To cleanse our poisoned founts with God-born energies.

~====~~==========~~i~

I Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information The Foreign Mission Enterprise and quate message. (2) There are of nearly 100 years to work in Its Sincere Critics. By Cleland B. objections to the present mis- Asia and who delight to travel McAfee. 8 vo. 190 pp. $1.50. sionary enterprise and its rela- in unfrequented and dangerous Revell. New York. 1935. tion to governments and non- ways, among brigands, in peril, Christian cultures and religions, toil and pain, not merely for the The work of foreign missions the treatment of native converts thrill of new experiences but to and the churches on the field. pioneer for Christ. They are has been under fire from critics (3) Other criticisms relate to British members of the China ever since Jonah went to Nine- methods and results on the field, Inland Mission and two of them the use of non-Christian teach- have spent over a quarter of a veh. There are critics and ers, dependence on subsidies, re- century in northwest China and critics-those who object to the liance on governmental protec- the deserts of M 0 n g 0 I i a. tion, lack of unity and the few- "Through Jade Gate" has been claims of Christ and the Chris- ness and weakness of converts. likened to Homer's Odyssey. It tian message; those who claim (4) He considers other criti- is as fascinating as the voyage cisms relating to home boards, of Captain Cook. that non-Christian religions are overhead expense and complex good enough and that heathen machinery. Even well-informed, Anyone who enjoys adventurdo not want anything different; idealistic students of missions ous travels will have a thrill in may not always agree with Dr. reading these journals (1928 to those who criticize the mission- McAfee in his diagnosis and 1932). Those who are interary personnel, the expense, the remedies but every fair-minded, ested in carrying the Gospel of intelligent reader will be im- Christ to the uttermost parts of methods and the administration; pressed with the author's hon- the earth will find here stimulus others object to the unsatisfac- esty and Christian views in har- for faith and courage and loyalty mony with New Testament to Jesus Christ. tory results abroad or to the neg- ideals. Many of the points lect of "heathen" at home. There raised might be dealt with much Living Triumphantly. By Kirby are critics who see only faults more fully-such as the place of Page. 304 pages. $2.00. Farrar and are deaf and blind to all evi- evangelism, the dan g e r s of & Rinehart. New York. 1934. dence in favor of missions and "modernism," the objections to others who are friendly critics expensive institutionalism and This is the author's companion seeking only to improve per- the problems of union work- volume to "Living Creatively" but every candid critic who is a which the Hazen Foundation sonnel and methods and to bring believer in Christ and is in sym- ranked first among 436 books the work into closer harmony pathy with His mission in the considered as being the most with New Testament ideals. world will be greatly helped and helpful to college students on the encouraged by this statement of subject of religion. Dr. McAfee has studied mis- the unshakable foundations on sions at home and on the field which Christian missions rests The author's pur p 0 s e is for fifty years, as teacher, pas- as a victorious and divine enter- stated: "To be teamed-Up with tor, lecturer, traveler and execu- prise. God in seeking to banish pain tive secretary of the Presby- and strife and misery is the terian Board of Foreign Mis- A Desert Journal. By Evangeline highest privilege that can come sions. He does not claim that French, Mildred Cable and Fran- to any man." From an extensive the work is above criticism but cesca French. Illus. 12 mo. $2.00. tabulation of scientists he shows China Inland Mission. Philadelphia clearly that science has not as gives clear, frank and convinc- and Toronto. 1935. yet overthrown the spiritual ining answers to some of the criti- terpretation of the universe. cisms he has heard from men Adventure and physical en- durance are usually linked with With the thesis of his book and women who believe in Christ youth. Here are three elderly thoroughly established, the auand His Gospel but who object women who have given a total thor then proceeds to the followto the way the work is conducted. ing eight definite methods for The list of over fifty definite the transformation of personal- ity and society: criticisms is an evidence of the author's vital contacts wit h many conscientious objectors.

Among the criticisms are those that have to do with (1) the missionaries – their arrogance, their aims, their lack of understanding, defects of habits and character and their inade- Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[557 ]

1. Intensify the Vividness of the Ideal. sis of these great themes. He undertakes to point out some of 2. Probe to the Roots of the Present Economic Order. tells what are God's methods of its glories by comparing it to the producing in us purity of hearts, Grand Canyon. 3. Struggle to Supplant Capitalism. shows the difference between Such Grand Canyons he finds 4. Strive to Abolish War. 5. Refuse to Sanction or to Partici- "peace with God," and "the in different stages of history, as, pate in Any War Among Nations peace of God," and at the end, for example, in the life of our or Between Classes. he shows a sympathetic and ef- own nation, "which, in 1789, 6. Seek to Uproot Racial Enmity and kicked off England's heavy and fective understanding with sin- Exploitation. cere souls seeking more power. suffocating taxation covers and 7. Take Time for Worship.

8. Live with Joyous and Triumphant These blessed gifts of grace and cooed in a cradle oft rocked by Abandon. experiences of the truly saved, stormy winds."

The sections on "War" and are what are greatly needed in In twelve chapters rich in "Worship" are perhaps the best. pulpit and pew today. Grand Canyon phraseology, Dr.

Mr. Page points out that war is The language is beautifully Lee takes up the several verses not caused primarily by the clear, the paragraphs stand out of the chapter under considera- "fighting instinct" or by the so- like the lobes of an orange, and tion. One marvels at his rhecalled "mad-dog nation." Most the book is well printed with torical versatility and at the of his readers, however, will not large type. FRANK LUKENS. same time admires his loyalty to agree wi,th him that the first the Scriptures and the deep step toward peace is to "abolish A Grand Canyon of Resurrection evangelical fervor which perthe system of private property Realities. By Robert G. Lee, D.D., vades page after page of this exas the chief means of produc- LL.D. $1.00. 172 pp. Wm. B. traordinary book. Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand J. R. S.

tion and distribution." A defi- Rapids, Mich. 1935. South China Folk. By Mary Brewster nite attack on capitalism is a distinct strain throughout the book. This book embodies the studies Hollister $1.25. 141 pp. Revell. The unique and most helpful of the twentieth chapter of New York. 1935. part of the volume is the an- John's Gospel by the eloquent Another book by Mrs. Hollisthology of one hundred daily pastor of the Bellevue Baptist ter! One hundred forty pages readings on the main thoughts Church, Memphis, Tenn. in good-sized type, full of the set forth in the early part of the Dr. Lee recognizes the human spirit as well as fact of the counbook. On the who I e, this limitation of thought and speech try always so warmly interthought – provoking discussion in any attempt to adequately preted by this author. Adults leaves one convinced that to live describe one of the great chap- will enjoy reading it with chiltriumphantly one must follow ters of the Word of God. BatHed dren and even young people will the brave and unselfish way of as he believes himself to be, he find excellent material here. HOWARD A. ADAIR. inquires, "Who, by word and by There is the frequent sparkle of Christ. pen, by sermon and by song, by Chinese humor, the steadiness The Sufficiency of the Cross. By W. painting and by philosophy, can of patience, the pathos of aspira- W. Marlin. 12 mo. 1s. net. Pick- explore all the corners of this ering & Inglis, London. 1935. vast continent of Scripture? One tion, and a delightful sketching of personalities. One regrets These are Keswick addresses, had as well hope to haul to the that the first two chapters are therefore they are sure to be threshing machines in a wheel- quite unconnected with the rest biblical, searching and convert- barrow in one day all the wheat of the book though there is, in ing. Let every reader give trib- grown on a Kansas prairie as to Chapter 2, definite background ute to the mighty effort of Kes- expect to place within the limits for the ensuing story. The book wick, like the springs in the hills, of one book all the marvelous is neither profound nor great; upon the finest Christian life of truths of this chapter. One had there are rather too many Chi- England, A mer i c a, and the as wisely expect to put in a one- nese expressions and also too world – for over fifty years. acre garden all the flowers that much repetition of religious These addresses embody truths bloom in America as to expect phrases, but the interest is lively, which have become increasingly to write with pen and print on the pictures vivid and the imreal to the author and have paper an adequate description of pression fully worth the couple brought peace and power to all the glorious truths in this of hours spent in reading. The many. chapter. One had as well hope coming of light into a far-off vil- The four chapters concern to put all the diamonds and lage simply through a little girl four truths that are like stars of rubies in the world in the and the innkeeper's wife, with the first magnitude. "Pardon thimble of a seamstress as to ex- the help of a mission school in a through the Blood of the Cross," pect to give in anyone book an neighboring city, and some and then "Purity," "Peace," and adequate appraisal of all the friendly cooperation, convince "Power," also through the blood. Scriptural wealth of this chap- the innkeeper that he was right This is not present-day specula- ter." However, though confess- when he said, "We obey the tion, but exposition. The author ing that his "mental tent can Heaven-Father, and then He marched calmly and confidently cover only a small corner of this will bless us." through his illuminating analy- vast scriptural continent," he MARY W. HUMPHREY HADLEY.

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

The Use of Material from China's lowship in the consciousness of the ineffective humanism of Spiritual Inheritance in the Chris- pardoned sin, imparted life and their long history. tian Education of Chinese Youth. perfect provision. By Warren Horton Stuart, Ph.D., Limits of space do not permit Kwang Hsueh Publishing House, That more use than in the of detailed specifications. Shanghai. 1932. $2.50. past should be made of China's great ethical inheritance – per- C. H. FENN. The book is a dissertation presented at Yale University for haps the greatest in the world Hot Hearted. By F. I. Codrington. the degree of Doctor of Philos- apart from Christianity-and of Illus. 12 mo. 111 pp. 2 8. Church ophy, the theme having been what she possesses of the spir- of England Z. M.. S. London. 1935. itual in her early, unique, simple chosen with a definite purpose worship of a personal Heaven, Christ offers to women the' to provide "a guide and source greatest hope for liberty and ad.. book for Christian teachers in and in her emphasis on a benev- vancement. Moslem, H i n d u , China." As a "source book," olence among men which some- Buddhist and pagan women have times approaches the Christian little to hope for in this world or Dr. R. S. Smith, of Yale, says idea of Love, is certainly true, the next. Here we have eight truly, in his Introduction, "Dr. stories that show what Christ and Dr. Stuart's dissertation has done for Chinese women and Stuart has brought to his task a should serve a very useful pur- how Christian faith and life are brilliant and ingenious mind and pose in that regard, both in the helping to bring about new and the competence of a well-trained better social conditions. Mrs. hands of the Christian teacher, Ahok, a little Chinese lady of scholar and workman." Born Chinese or foreign, and in those rank, a Christian with "lily feet," and bred in China and for years of the intelligent seeker after came to England in 1890 to plead a missionary, he possesses spe- Truth. The Chi n e s e unac- for her sisters in China who were cial equipment for the task, evi- quainted with English, however, still "under the power of the idols," Mrs. Chitnio Ling was a dently a labor of love. As a will be in less danger than the Chinese girl, born in a heathen "guide," however, one's com- English reader of the book, of family, who attended the Chinese mendation of Dr. Stuart's work drawing the conclusion that, in Girls' School in Singapore and then went to China as a Christian must reluctantly be tempered her "Three Religions," China al- missionary. They are all inspirwith the caution that a sym- ready possesses so nearly all ing sketches that reveal the purpathetic translator from a for- that Christianity offers, that he pose and power of the Gospel of eign tongue, with a theory to Christ. may content himself with what demonstrate, rarely avoids an his own inheritance affords and Ethical Issues Confronting World unconscious reading into his leave to the West its own spir- Christians. By Daniel Johnson texts of more than they were Fleming. 273 pages and an Index. itual inheritance. As a matter Price, $2.00. The International ever intended to express. "With of fact, there never was a time Missionary Council, 156 Fifth Avebut little persuasion," Dr. Stuart when thinking Chinese were less nue, New York, N. Y. "would fain make Christians" satisfied than today with their own "spiritual inheritance." This is a carefully written and out of Confucius, Lao c ius fairly exhaustive treatment of (Laotze), Mencius, and espe- Some of the most intelligent some great problems. Certainly Christian leaders are urging the Christian of today, in the cially Micius (Motze). He has new missionaries not to give light not only of the melting of gathered together a remarkable geographical barriers because of much time to the study of modern communications but also collection of quotations from all because of the Great Commisthe Chinese sages and philos- China's old man-developed reli- sion, must have a world outlook. ophers, ancient, medireval and gions and philosophies, when And the issues discussed by Dr. modern, to exhibit the "Chris- China's need for the presenta- Fleming are timely. Christians, especially those in administratian values in Native Experi- tion of a God-revealed secret of tive positions in the church, are ences," and "Units of Indigenous a new life is so pressing, and the now unavoidably confronted Moral and Religious Literature," with the ethics of soliciting need for its general understand- funds, of the acceptance of as a wonderful "Spiritual In- ing and acceptance is so widely armed protection by missionheritance" which China herself felt. Dr. Stuart's purpose to aries, the population problem, has contributed as a foundation "indigenize the religion of Christ the meaning of true religious lib- erty, and similar questions. to the Christian education of in China" is manifestly sincere her own youth. To much of it and truly laudable, and his com- Dr. Fleming faces these issues we may, with the author, attrib- squarely, making a genuine efute a "high ethical and spiritual pendium of quotations forms a fort to grapple with difficult quality," the ethical, however, most valuable book of reference; problems, and at the same time one's only fear being that its standing far higher than the spiritual, because even the prim- use as a textbook in Christian Schools in China may lead some itive monotheism of Chi n a to accept the shadow for the subposited no infinite Creator, no stance, to look upon Christ as absolutely holy and righteous merely a wiser sage, a mor~ per- Ruler, no perfectly loving Fa- fect pattern, acceptance of whom as such constitutes the whole of ther, no sacrificial Redeemer, Christianity, thus condemning with whom the common man and woman, as well as the sage and themselves to little more than emperor, may enjoy eternal fel-

endeavoring to preserve a fair noncoercion on the left . . . ,vio- Evangelical Christian missions impartiality of s tat em e n t. lence has long been the weapon will first cho.ose the "vague" Moreover, there are some things of conservatism." project of preaching the Gospel, in the book that will search the This is only one example of the not forgetting the field mice as a heart of any thoughtful reader, extreme difficulty of maintaining subsidiary activity. whether he is conservative or detachment when writing upon There is, finally, one great inliberal in religious outlook. Par- the ethics of great economic, po- adequacy in this volume and the ticularly strong in this respect litical, and religious issues. In- school of thought it represents. is the section (beginning on deed inconsistency is inevitable The whole discussion proceeds page 117) regarding individual as in the case of Dr. Fleming's on an extrascriptural basis. Ocresponsibility for the use of references to "tainted money" casionally there is a fair statemoney. "We vote," writes Dr. and his citation of cases where ment of the Evangelical point of Fleming, "with our doll a r s. certain gifts were refused be- view, as on pages 80 to 82, but Every expenditure is voting for cause of scruples regarding their the whole book is almost devoid the character and quantity of source. Yet he frequently and of references to the Bible. Much goods that are to be produced; with seeming approval relies is made of missionary planning and the proportion saved by the upon the Layman's Foreign Mis- and statesmanship, we miss the purchase of simple goods in or- sions Report and the Rockefeller references to the essentiality of der to help various measures of Foundation for impressive ref- prayer in finding a solution to uplift is a measure of the inten- erences. One is tempted to ask, great ethical issues. Does the sity of one's vote for human re- "Were the Standard Oil millions Word of God have nothing to lief and reconciliation. . . . Love amassed in accordance wit h say about the problems which which expresses itself in philan- Christian ethics? To what de- Dr. Fleming treats? If the book thropy without revealing itself gree do such funds represent a leaves the reader with an imin sacrifice finds difficulty in be- 'tainted' background?" ing either creative or redemp- pression of inconclusiveness, it tive." From another point of view, is because it represents a purely In his treatment of Economic one notes that Dr. Fleming's human endeavor to face issues Reconstruction, Dr. Fleming oc- most effective cases of nobility on which God has something au- of conscience regarding the casionally lapses into what would indemnity question are drawn thoritative to say in the Person appear to be an uncritical admiration for communism. To from the experience of the of Christ and in the Book from one who recalls that, according China Inland Mission, a funda- mentalist mission of reactionary which all Christian ethics are to reliable figures, the Red attitude measured by standards regime in Russia has been in- of the Layman's Report, yet in drawn. FRANK E. GAEBELEIN. 'these instances acting in accord strumental in the slaughter of with the most advanced social Lowell and Abigail. A Realistic Idyll. about 11,000,000 human beings, By Mary Dillingham Frear. Illus. the unspeakable persecution of S vo. 325 pp. Privately printed. New Haven. 1934.

Hawaii (The Sandwich Is- countless others (cf. Tcherna- conscience. lands) , the land of beauty and of vin's "I Speak for the Silent"), Other examples chosen by the romance, furnishes the scene of the erection of a system of mili- author are less con v inc i n g. this life story of Rev. Lowell taristic tyranny, and in addition, Those who believe that the Gos- Smith and his wife, Abigail, a recognized sub rosa propa- pel is still "the power of God early missionaries of the Ameriganda for the overthrow of for- unto salvation" and that the can Board. The period covered eign governments, these sen- world needs to be converted, is 1809 to 1891 and the material tences cause some won d e r : will, if they are not too deeply is gathered from journals and "There are bounds beyond which distressed, have to suppress a letters, with additional not e s a foreigner may not go in advo- smile on reading page 40, where from their daughter, Mrs. B. F. cating changes in another cul- Dr. Fleming frankly says that Dillingham. It is first hand doc- ture or in an alien system. Some "the conversion of the world," umentary evidence of the spirit, might be willing to risk death in "preaching the Gospel to the purpose and power of the pioneer the same way as have the com- most degraded, neglected and missionaries – b e aut i full y munists whose martyrs number despised people," "the establish- printed, well illustrated and with into the thousands. It is moving ment and development of an in- a full index. Much is of personal to read the simple unadorned digenous church," these aims family interest rather than of sentences with which a commu- "are too comprehensive or vague general importance but the story nist manual for 'Calls' in China to be called projects" for the use has a fascination, human inter- lays down the duty of a party of foreign money in missions: est and a message for every member to give up his own life As an example of a missionary friend of missions and every when called upon to do so. Out- project he proposes the distribu- lover of God and man. Many fa- doing the communists may in- tion of poisoned grain in twelve mous people and events, as well volve just such a risk…. From villages to combat a scourge of as information about Hawaii and one standpoint the use of vio- field mice. Preaching the Gos- its people, find a place in the rec- lence belongs on the right and pel vs. exterminating field mice! ords.

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cents paper; 40 cents cloth. Bap- Directory of Protestant Missions- Mrs. Margaret Weaver Beahm tiBtSunday School Board. Nash- 1935. $1.50. Kwang Hsueh Pub. Denning, wife of the Rev. J. O. Denville, Tenn. House. Shanghai. ning, retired Methodist missionary to India, died at her home at Pacific D. . Over Samarkand: The Rebirth Education in Fiji. Cecil W. Mann. Palisades, California, on August 16. . of Central Asia. Joshua Kunitz. 138 pp. 6s. Oxford University The Dennings served in India from 848 pp. $8.00. Covici, Friede. ,Press, London; University Press, 1890 to 1926, being stationed for va- New York. . Melbourne, Australia. rious periods at Poona, Muzzafarpur, :traq: From Mandate to Independ- India's Womanhood: Forty Years' Gondha, Allahabad, and Ootacamund. ence. E. Main. 267 pp. 16s. Work at Ludhiana. Christine I. Mrs. Denning led in evangelistic and Tinling. 119 pp. Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. educational work for women, and as- . ,;,',,.Ulen" Unwin. London. R. T. S. London. sisted her husband in organizing the The Land and Life of Africa. Mar- first Epworth League in India. She God and the African in Kenya. H. was national secretary, and for ten p!'¢. Wrong. Illustrated. 144 pp. R. A. Philp. Illustrated. 189 pp. years national president of the India 28. Edinburgh House Press. Lon- 2s. 6d. Marshall, Morgan ~ Scott. W. C. T. U., and for three years was ton; London. international superintendent of the Department of Prison Visiting and From Fetish to Faith: The Growth The Meaning of Shinto. J. W. T. Reformation. She wrote "Mosaics Mason. 252 pp. $2.50. Dutton. from India," "The House Beautiful," :of til" Church in West Africa; W. "Short Poems," and "Dainty Cookery J; Platt. 159 pp. 2s. Edinburgh for the Home." Mrs. Denning Souse Preu. London. New York.

was born in Harrisburg, Pa., TWO SCOFIELD REFERENCE BIBLE SPECIALS October 17, 1856, and attended Illinois Wesleyan University. Robert R*. S*erv*ice, regional secretary of the Young Men's Indil Piper Edition, Lelther Cover Christian Association for Shan- 33X. This superb Scofield Bible, leather bound, on genuine Oxford India tung Province, China, and a sec- paper, at the lowest price ever offered. All who have seen this book have retary of the International Com- been delighted, and have asked, "How can you sell so fine a volume at such a mittee of the Y. M. C. A. for low price 1" Contains all the wonderful helps for which the Scofield Reference twenty-nine years, died sud- Bible is famous. Pocket size 6~ inches by denly in Shanghai on Septem- 4U inches, 1116 inch thick, weighing only ber 29. Mr. Service went to . Specimen of 7Ype 14 And-tbe–~ord was-made 16 ounces. Only $5.00. China for the Y. M. C. A. in fbleesbhd.danhdisdl1woerlyt;a.&meon1g10u1sY. a(sanodf twhee W·Ith I.mproved 1. 0dex, 50c extra. 1906 and did pioneer work in Name stamped in gold, 50c extra. Chengtu for fifteen years. Later he went to Shanghai to join the national staff and served as re- Popullr $1.25 Edition gional secretary for Western 30. This is the lowest priced Scofield edition ever made, but contains the China. For the last year Mr. earne complete unabridged helps as the most expensive. Clearly printed on Service had been assigned to the excellent paper, and strongly bound. An excellent volume for pew use, Bible Chinese International Famine classes, and for the study table. Relief Commission, located in Shanghai. He retained, how- Cloth board binding, size 7×4~ inches. Only $1.25. ever, his post as secretary of the Shangtung region. REVIEW OF THE WORLD, Third and Reily Sts., Haul.burs, Pa.

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The Missionary Review of the World — February 1933

1933

A Remarkable Letter from China James P. Leynes Healing the Woes of Ethiopia Stuart Bergsma Are We Stockholders or Ambassadors Samuel M. Zwemer Modern Evidences of the Supernatural J. Ross Stevenson "The Other Spanish Christ"

A Review by C. S. Detweiler

to Remember SOME

February 2-Annual Meeting of the (['Or ~nnbav ~£htllli ffime5 American Christian Literature So- ciety for Moslems. 8 p. m., Marble COULD NOT BE IMPROVED Collegiate Church, New York. But it has been, with the first and everyday life, the latest re- February 5-9-Founders' Week at issue in January. Moody Bible Institute, Chicago. ports of archeology's discoveries It is more easily read. February 6-1'3-International Council in Bible Lands; and all presented of Religious Education, Chicago, Ill. More convenient in size. by an unusual combination of February 12–Race Relations Sunday. More easily carried about for use in those valuable odd mo- scholarship,culture,and efficiency, February 14-Annual Meeting of the ments. with an unswerving faith in the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, More readily filed for reference as an illuminating Bible commen- whole Bible and the blood Gospel 3 p. m., 156 Fifth Ave., New York. tary, Sunday-school lesson and method help, and spiritual treas- of our Lord Jesus Christ. Maroh 3-World Day of Prayer. ury. Subscription rates $2 a year, or April 19-21-Federal Council Confer- 'This interdenominational jour- ence on Evangelism, Pittsburgh, nal, published every week, con- $1.50 in clubs of five or more Pa. tains a dozen unusual helps for teachers on the greatest course of copies, either to separate addresses May 9-General Conference of the Bible lessons ever prepared for United Brethren in Christ. Akron, Sunday-schools, the International or to one address; in Canada 25 Ohio. Uniform Lessons; special articles on successful methods of work in cents additional. Twenty-five May 17-General Council of the Re- Church,Sunday-school, and young formed Episcopal Church, Triennial people's SOCIetIes; answers to cents with the coupon will bring Meeting. Germantown, Philadel- puzzling questions in Bible study phia, Pa. the paper to you for 10 weeks.

May 23-29 – Northern Baptist Con- rThe~und:-;cho':-~: ~::y~ _. vention, Annual Meeting. Wash- I Box 1550, Philadelphia, Pa. ington, D. C. MR-233 May 24-31-General Council of the I For the 25 cents enclosed please send 'The Congregational and C h r i s t ian I Sunday School 'Iimes for 10 weeks to Churches. Cleveland, Ohio. I Name. Personal Items I Dr. Howard B. Grose, who for the I Address past twenty-three years has been Editor of the American Baptist II …… … … . monthly, Missions, closed his active career with the December issue. He Dr. H. Namkung has been elected six children. Mr. Stokes has been is now in his 82d year, and has had a Moderator of the Presbyterian Church known to be devoted but eccentric and long and exceedingly useful life of in Korea. As a sixteen-year-old boy, has passed through many stages in his service. In the "unexplored realm of he walked 65 miles to Seoul in search varied career. He says that his new retirement," as he calls it, he will, as of an education. He is now professor step does not imply that he "considers editor emeritus, continue to supply of New Testament Literature and Christianity a false religion or Hincontributions from his richly-filled Exegesis in Pyengyang Theological duism a true one." He has not been storehouse of reminiscences. Seminary and holds the degree of converted in a religious sense but has Master of Theology from Princeton identified himself with Hinduism for *** seminary. the purpose of larger service. Whether Dr. James H. Franklin, Secretary of this will result from his present step the Baptist Foreign Mission Board, *** is a question. It is difficult to conhas recently completed a tour of ceive of anyone becoming a Hindu twelve foreign fields. He made espe- Ward W. Adair, for 25 years ex- without denying Jesus Christ as the cial study of conditions among Bap- ecutive secretary of the Grand Central revelation of God and Saviour of men. tists in Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Railroad Branch of the New York Esthonia. Y. M. C. A., has resigned after com- *** pleting 40 years of service. During *** this period the organization has David Z. T. Yui, internationally Rev. William P. White has re- grown from a few isolated points to known Chinese Y. M. C. A. worker, signed the presidency of Los Angeles a recognized adjunct of railroad oper- was taken ill January 4th at Wash- Bible Institute to act as Regional Di- ation at 206 railroad centers. ington, D. C., after a conference with rector of the School. Secretary Henry L. Stimson at the *** State Department. His right side *** was paralyzed. Dr. John H. Finley has been William Traver,s Jerome, Jr., of awarded the American Hebrew medal New York, has been chosen Chairman Dr. Yui carried letters of introducfor 1932, for contributing most to- of the Baptist National Council to tion from prominent Chinese. He has ward the promotion of better under- succeed Mr. W. C. Coleman. Mr. been identified with the Young Men's standing between Christian and Jew Jerome has long been identified with Christian Association movement in in America during the year. many phases of lay religious activity. China since 1916 and has traveled widely in Europe and the United *** *** States as a speaker. He was born Dr. Lapsley Armstrong McAfee who fifty-one years ago at Wuchang, for many years served as pastor of Samuel E. Stokes, of Philadelphia, First Presbyterian Church, Berkeley, who was one of the Founders of "The China, the son of Christian Parents. Cal., has been honored with a bronze Brotherhood of the Imitation of Je~ His father was connected with Boone plaque, upon which are inscribed the sus" twenty years ago, and later mar- College. The son was graduated from names and places of service of 136 ried an Indian women and retired to Harvard in 1910 and then returned to men and women who went out from a farm at Kotgarh, North India, has work in China. First church as missionaries during embraced Hinduism, with his wife and Dr. McAfee's pastorate.

MEMORIAL BUILDING OF THE TAFARI MAKONNEN HOSPITAL, AMERICAN

ETHIOPIAN PRIESTS~THE HIGH PRIElST IN THE CIDNTER HAS ON HIS HEAD THE "ARK OF THE COVENANT"

PROTESTANT MISSIONARY WORK AND ETHIOPIAN RELIGION IN ABYSSINIA (See page 72.)

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER Two FEBRUARY, 1933 Topics of the Times A SPIRITUAL MOVEMENT IN CHINA ported that one of the uneducated country women, evidently under the influence 'Of the Holy Spirit, rose From recent dispatches received from China, as up and started suddenly to sing. The missionary said printed in the daily newspapers, it would seem that he never heard a voice more beautiful, and he that the only events taking place in that disturbed felt as though he were in an electric circuit, tingling country have to do with disastrous floods, famine, all over. The improvised hymn she ,sang was in perbanditry, revolutions, strikes, boycotts and inter- fect "kuan hua" and someone wrote it on the wall national disputes. Disturbing as these are, they as she sang. It is still on the wall and is frequently are in reality, largely surface eruptions, due to sung all through this region. internal weakness and disorders. Story after story was related of blessing that has There is a deeper life in China today; there are come to churches after Ling Eng Hui 'meetings. more significant events, about which the world at The conversions and growth of the churches show in large knows little or nothing. They send their almost every case where these meetings have been roots beneath the surface and do not center in port held. There has been an increase ·of over 1,500 Chriscities. In the midst of external trouble, involving poverty and suffering, the Christians are carrying tians in the Weihsien field-or 25 % in two years. on their work in the name and power of Christ. Many mission centers, with churches, schools and Church after church reported that, whereas formerly hospitals from which foreign help has had to be it had been cold, now prayer meetings are held every withdrawn, are now carried on entirely by Chi- day-some daily before dawn for a year. Mooney has nese Christians and effectively. Revivals and spir- also come from the Chinese to build or enlarge the itual awakenings are reported from many differ- churches to accommodate the new members. One ent centers. A letter from a young missionary of church that had taken in scarcely one member for the American Presbyterian Mission, written to his twenty years has suddenly found itself growing rapmissionary parents, gives the following stirring idly. facts: Many Christians now are tithing. Sixteen years At the recent annual meeting of our Weihsien Pres- the presbytery debated the possibility of securing two bytery (Shantung) thrilling reports were received coppers per member in place of one copper a memfrom the churches. Both pastors and elders speak ber as it had been. Now the gifts average 15 copfor each church so that if there is any divergence of pers a member, and next year the Christians hope to opinion it can be brought out. make it 40 coppers per member. Some pastors volun- tarily gave up the portion of their salary which came from the Mission-about half their income.

Many opium addicts have also been given freedom from their dope-one of these was a man who had been for 35 years an addict. A 53-year-old Taoist Two years ago a revival, starting among the Chi- became a believer. Bandits have come forward to nese pastors and elders, began to sweep through this province under the name of the Ling Eng Hui, confess their sins. or Spiritual Grace Movement. There have been some excesses, but on the whole the movement has been a The movement definitely insists 'On the public conmarvellous evidence of the work and power of the fession of sin, on restitution, on forsaking of sin. It Holy Spirit-with many of the manifestati'Ons recorded in the New Testament times. TheBe are so is Christ and Cross centered, and is absolutely Bibcommon, and evidenced in so many remarkable ways, that there is no more use in denying them than in lical. . denying half the scientific facts which we accept. At one meeting last year, the only foreigner there re- I went to the Presbytery meeting prepared to think that the foreigner must be the stabilizing influence, the guide and leader in these meetings to restrain them from emotional excesses. But every serm'On by the Chinese was filled with the pointedness which only the Holy Spirit can give, in directing the people away [67 ]

from excesses and the selfish side of the movement. ucts. This aggressive militaristic party is getting No foreigner could have given as good a sermon. Japan into hot water with Europe and America, and with neighboring countries, is bringing pov- If ever anything met the aim and motives of the erty on her own people and is creating unrest, a Missionary enterprise, of a spiritual "self-supporting, spirit of rebellion among many anti-imperialistic self-propagating, self-governing Church," this move- Japanese. The weak central government in ment fits the bill. It is a Chinese interpretation of China, the internal disturbances and the disor- Christianity. It is a movement of the Holy Spirit ganized bands of soldiers in J ehol and other disand breaks down denominational lines. The Chinese tricts of Manchuria have provoked the Japanese say: "When there is a revival the Baptists come and to suppress disorder with a strong hand. This help us, and we go and help them. Where the Holy gives greater prestige to Japanese militarism. Spirit is working, one does not think of denominations." On the other hand a distinct and powerful spir- itual influence is being felt in Japan. This is evi- This report is from only one of the thousand denced by such religious and educational work as Protestant mission stations, from one district, one is carried on by the missionary agencies, the vari- Presbyterian mission, in one province. Similar ous organizations for peace and the Kingdom of reports come from the Baptists and China Inland God Movement which is promoted by Japanese Missions, and other missions in other provinces. Christians. The third year of this Movement has Far away as Yunnan mountain tribes are respond- just closed and the Central Committee plans to ing to the impact of the Gospel but lack teachers publish a report of what has been accomplished. to lead them onward. In some centers different A statement from the National Christian Council missions unite in the prayer and evangelistic serv- of Japan says that the main achievements have ices. At Shuntefu, North China, Chinese evangel- been: ists of the Bethel Band led the meetings in which the China Inland Mission and Presbyterians co- (1) The movement has been of great value to the operated. cause of interdenominational cooperation. In the Cen- tral Committee in Tokyo, and in the district commit- This spiritual movement seems to be real and tees all over Japan leader,s of most of the Protestant widespread. Both missionaries and Chinese tes- churches have met together to plan and carry through tify that the power of God is shown in radically a united effort to advance the Kingdom of God. These changed lives. Several characteristics are notice- three years of praying, planning and working together able. The Chinese preachers and elders, not for- cannot but have brought the goal of church union eigners, are the leaders; there is evident a deep much nearer. sense of sin, confession, repentence and restitution; the emotions are stirred in a way that is (2) The cause of Christ has been materially adunusual among Chinese; the work is practical in vanced. Large numbers of Japanese have heard the its outcome as is shown by the wrongs that are Message for the first time. Many have been added righted; the revival is marked by much prayer to the number of those who "are being saved." The and Bible study; the churches are built up; lib- churches have been quickened to new earnestness and erality increases, and church members are enlist- activity. The widespread development of rural Gospel ing in active evangelism and other forms of Chris- schools and training conferences for rural workers tian service; above all a radiant joy possesses has been 'one of the notable achievements. Evanthose who make the full surrender. The Chinese gelism and character training in Christian schools has are beginning to see clearly that no Christian ex- been stimulated. A beginning has been made in facperience is real unless there is evidence of its tory evangelism and city Gospel schools. The enlistvitality in right living, in joyous fellowship and ment and training of lay workers has been notably effective service. advanced.

WHAT HOPE FOR JAPAN? (3) The whole church has secured the invaluable services of great leaders. Dr. Ebina, after ten years As in other countries, opposing forces are con- of service as President of the Doshisha University, tending in Japan for control of national policies. addressed crowded meetings from Kyushu to Hok- On the one hand there is the strong militaristic, kaido. Prof. Iwahashi, the blind philosopher, stirred nationalistic party that is nQw in the saddle and audiences all over Japan by his powerful and thoughthas recently led to new invasions of China. These ful preaching and by his own personal fortitude. A leaders seek to strengthen Japan politically and host of pastors, teachers from Christian schools, and economically by keeping an army and a navy that consecrated laymen, travelled thousands of miles and can defy any opposition. They aim to keep in sub- brought fellowship and inspiration to churches in jection all internal dissention and to extend Ja- remote places. pan's control over sufficient territory to permit of expansion for colonization, for increased economic Mr. Kagawa, chief founder of the whole movement, resources and for a market for Japanese prod- has given practically full time service. He has given not a mere flying trip but .an intensive campaign to every prefecture in Japan together with campaigns in Formosa, the Loochoo Islands, Hokkaido and Sag- halien. While the Central Committee has adminis-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

tered 'Over Y25,OOO each year, Mr. Kagawa has n'Ot The Christians 'Of India, in spite of the fact that they received a cent 'Of remuneration bey'Ond his travel are a min'Ority community and stand to gain much expense and this in the face 'Of falling income fr'Om by being represented separately in the national and America for the extensive social work for which he provincial governing bodies, have declared for the is resp'Onsible. While uph'Olding s'Ound Christian faith principle 'Of J'Oint Electorates,. thus showing their and teaching, he has persistently and fearlessly pr'O- desire t'O throw in their l'Ot with the majority comclaimed, with James, that "faith with'Out w'Orks is munities, trusting them to respect their rights, and dead." He has preached the Gospel and has led in the dev'Oting themselves to the public good. This is the 'Organizati'On and maintenance of vari'Ous imp'Ortant Christian c'Ontribution t'O Indian nati'Onalism, and it c'O'Operative enterprises. is a modern interpretation 'Of the meaning of the Cross in politics. The sympathy and prayers of Christians all over the world should be with the Japanese in this There is much which should enc'Ourage Christians hour of crisis. Pride is leading her statesmen in in the American church, in the spirit of the Christhe way of destruction but her people have the tian brotherhood in India. In India prayer, humility ability and the opportunity to lead Asia into peace and devoti'On are very real. The Church here is stirand prosperity. ring with new life and a new passion f'Or winning India t'O Christ. It is a joy to see c'Ourage and en- ENCOURAGEMENTS FROM INDIA thusiasm grow, and results shown in a strong Chris- tian witness to the town and the district and the Fifty years ago if Christian missionaries had nation. seen the signs of change that are clearly manifested in India today they would have been over- CHRISTIANITY AND COMMUNISM whelmed with astonishment. Miracles fail to make an impression when they become common or when There are many lessons that Christians can they take place gradually and by recognized learn from Communism. This social and economic forces. They may be miracles none the less. The movement is a protest against selfish accumulation education and freedom of woman in India is a of wealth and the unjust distribution of power miracle, when we realize that woman has always and of material things. It has come to be a social been looked upon there as lower than a beast. passion and has taken the place of religious belief To find six million Christians in India is a miracle and fervor. Some of the most ardent and unwhen we consider the forces in opposition to every selfish "missionaries" today are Communists. conversion. The movements within Hinduism to They are working for what they believe to be the break down the ancient barriers of caste and to good of humanity rather than for personal gain. admit untouchables to temples and to government Mistaken as they are in many of their beliefs and offices indicate a miracle when we consider how practices they show a definite aim and an enerthe system is entrenched in India. The growing getic and fearless activity which the church of influence of Christ and of Christian ideals in the Christ may well emulate. But all the good charthought and life of Indians is a miracle when we acteristics of Communism are found in New Tesconsider that fifty years ago everything Christian tament Christianity-social justice, unselfish was anathema. The social and religious reform sharing of goods with the poor, refusal to lay up movements in India, looking toward the lessening wealth, work for all at a living wage, no seeking of immorality and cruelty in temple worship and of personal preferment, service to our fellow men in family life are miracles when we consider the as the highest ambition, earnest spreading of power of the priesthood and the strength of long truth. established customs. The growth of the Christian church is a miracle, when we consider the material But Communism has denied God and Jesus of which it is built. Christ as the Way of Life. The Communistic lead- ers have mistakenly linked capitalism and earthly A recent letter from Dr. A. E. Harper of Moga imperialism with Christianity. This is the fault gives other encouraging signs. He writes: of those who have failed to follow Christ in His life of self-denial. Today Christians need to mani- Mr. Gandhi's ringing call t'O Hindus to "rem'Ove the fest more consistently the life of Him who came last vestige 'Of unt'Ouchability" has roused many t'O a "not to be served but to serve and to give His life determinati'On to d'O away with this shame 'Of injus- as a ransom for many." In America and in Eutice. Orth'Od'Ox Hinduism is aroused to c'Ontend f'Or rope, as well as in China, many Christians are livthe religi'Ous tradition 'Of caste, but there is a str'Ong ing this life as a witness to offset Communism and tide against the wh'Ole system. An increasing number to win Communists to the way of the Cross. A of c'Ourage'Ous men and w'Omen are determined to give recent editorial in The Sunday School Times the full rights to the 'Outcastes. The day is c'Oming (based on articles in the Allgemeine Evangelwhen Christ's c'Onviction 'Of the worth of every human isch Lutherische Kirchenzeitung and Licht und personality shall be shown so clearly by Christ's Leben) gives an interesting account of the Chris- Church in this land that "untouchability" shall pass. tian efforts to reach the Communists in Germany:

The influence 'Of atheistic CDmmunism is pDwerfully ideals of closer cooperation, the survey of occufelt in Germany. In 1910 there were but 39 regis- pied fields with a view to the elimination of tered members in the German Freethinkers UniDn. wasteful denominational rivalry, the examination By 1918 the number had risen tD 3,322; tDday there of unoccupied territory for the purpose of asare nearly 800,000. signing responsibility for putting the Gospel within reach of all, the establishment of coop- These figures signify large incDme fDr prDpaganda. erative interdenominational councils in various SDmething like a milliDn dDllars pDured intD the anti- states and the holding of national and local con- GDd mDvement last year. It centers in Berlin and ferences, the production and distribution of more withDut dDubt receives large subsidy frDm Russia. adequate Home Mission literature and more ef- fective Christian work for new Americans. Subsidiary mDvements alsD hDstile tD Christianity include the sD-called Tannenberg Alliance led by Gen- The Council of Women for Home Missions was eral and Frau LudendDrff. This calls fDr "redemptiDn established in November, 1908, and emphasized from Christ" and IVDks fDr salvatiDn tD nature, tD united prayer, cooperation and conferences "the German GDd," and tD the gDd in man. PastDr among women's boards, the preparation of mis- Miiller-Schwefe calls fDr an effectual mDbilizatiDn 'Of sion study books, the holding of Home Mission Christian fDrces tD meet this ,situatiDn. He asks fDr conferences and summer schools and also under- "a large scale scheme 'Of enlightenment, fDr thDusands took to carry out definite administrative mission- 'Of lectures vn BDlshevism and the Free ThDught mDve- ary projects for immigrants, for migrant workment, tD present the Christian pDint 'Of view." ers and for American Indians in schools.

M,Dre interesting is the repDrt vf things dDne. "In Great progress has been made in carrying for- 1923 fDr the first time in Westphalia we succeeded in ward the work along all these lines. There is getting tDgether SDme thirty brethren frDm the wage- today much less denominational rivalry, there earning class fDr an eight-day cDnference. The time are few unoccupied fields, many community was spent in earnest study 'Of burning questiDns frDm churches have been established, there is real felthe Christian standpDint. Year by year the number lowship and cooperation in Home Missions, and has grDwn. Other prDvinces and areas 'Of Germany the work among rural pastors has been greatly imhave fDIIDwed. In 1931 our department fDr apolDgetics proved. The principle has been adopted to refuse repDrted sixtY-Dne grDup cDnferences. Many declare missionary subsidies to any churches that are that here first have they learned what true Christian- located in over-churched districts. The Home ity is, here first fDund themselves face to face with Mission task before the Christian forces today is GDd. It is deeply mDving tD see how WhDlly hDstile to join in the evangelization of the land and to neWCDmers capitulate befDre the GDspel. promote vital Christianity in all phases of Amer- ican life. One of the newer interests of the "Out 'Of these grDup-meetings a training system has Council is a deeper sense of responsibility for the grown. The especially gifted are devel<>ped by dif- 4,000,000 Jews in America that are fast becomferent methDds in a fDur-weeks' peDple's normal ing a people without vital religion. CQurse. As a rule we recDgnize five stages 'Of missiDnary activity,-first, amDng family and relatives; sec- The two Councils that unite Home Mission Dndly, in wDrkshDp and factDry; thirdly, in the parish forces enter on a new era of activity, facing by hDuse-tD-hDuse visitatiDn; fDurthly, by witness and many difficulties and problems but ready to discussi'Dn in freethinkers' meetings; fifthly, by mis- undertake new tasks to meet old situations and siDnary pDlemic." new needs. Their success depends, not on ex- tensive surveys and elaborate technique, more Other,s are labDring alDng similar lines. Dr. Hans extensive organization or larger financial re- Berg is an attDrney WhD fDr a dDzen years has wDrked sources, but on an increase of spiritual power all as a VDlunteer evangelist amDng the alienated wage- along the line, a clearer vision of human need wDrkers. He depends much 'On discussiDn meetings, and of God's provision to meet that need, and a fDr these crDwds dDn't want to be preached tD merely; greater, more sacrificial, devotion in uniting all they want their dDubts and questiDns answered. our energies to make Christ dominant in Ameri- can life. A locksmith near Berlin began wDrk amDng the de- Christianized villages at the gates 'Of that city. He After several years of effective service, Dr. put tDgether a gypsy-wagDn and invited a Lutheran John McDowell has retired from the presidency pastDr tD jDin him in circuits. In it they cDDked and of the Home Missions Council and is succeeded slept and frDm its steps preached the GDspel. by the Rev. Charles E. Schaeffer, D.D., the hon- ored secretary of the Board of Home Missions of TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF COOPERATION the Reformed Church in the United States. The Rev. James S. Kittell of the Reformed Church in The Home Missions Council and the Council of America is the new vice-president. Women for Home Missions have this year impressively celebrated their silver anniversary in interdenominational cooperative work in behalf of home missionary work. The Home Missions Council was organized in March, 1908, with a few societies and now includes over seventy denominational boards. They set before them the

A Remarkable Letter from

REV. JAMES P. LEYNS£ PRESBYTERIAN MISSION PElpING. CHINA Christmas 1932• .?t Dear Friends, We have had a glorious preparation for the Christmas season. The Lord has wrought new wonders in bringing into new birth many lives in this . ancient city. As part of a spiritual movement that is spreading over ~ .orth ChiDa, a oro. .ing revival has come to Pei.in•• During a month of revival meetings we have seen audiences of 1000 to ~ 1500 kneeling in united prayer. spontaneously praying together ALOUD, "lltting up their voices with one accord" ; pleading like' 'the sound ot ~ many water,s". Never before have we known of so many people going to four Jl- meetings a day. Never before have we heard such inspiring congregational ~s slnglng< Never before have we seen our Church members so burdened with a passion tor souls.

Hundreds confessed their sins, and publicly took a stand tor Jesus Christ. A large number promised to return money acquired in a dishonest way. A rich old man gave up his young CHRISTMAS concubine; another, his opium pipe; an old lady, who had smoked since she was nine, her cigarets; a college student renounced GRgTING5 his anarchistic intentions. Servants confessed their "squeeze" habits, and dignified officials their false pretentions. Deeply hidden sin was revealed and the cleansing power of the blood of Christ made evident through joyous tears and beam- ing faces.

Church members, formely cold and critical,.

have been gloriously transformed and filled with a new fire. Their ringing testimonials have showed real manifestations of divine energy at work.

Pastors and evangelists alike have newly dedicated themselves to their calling, followed by volunteer Church workers. At one Sunday morning service 80 of our Church members knelt on the platform to be consecrated to evangelistic activities.

At the conclusion of the special services in our Presbyterian Church the movement spread to other sections of the city and 32 days of meetings were held. All to.gether '76 volunteer evangelistic bands have been formed, each consisting of 3 to 5 persons. The eagerne·ss of the people to follow the banner of the Cross has been inspiring to behold. Dignified old gentlemen in silk and satin, ladies [71 ]

effording motor-cars, boys and girls of the mission schools, college students, and illiterate men of the back alleys all carried flags and banners in their zealous determination to spread thc Gospel.

Pastor Kung, whose relatives were martyred and who himself bears a scar on his head since the day when he was nearly beheaded because of his faith, testified that in the 40 years of his service he has never seen such a deep and moving spiritual manifestation.

It started with the Presbyterian Mission. For years we had felt the need for a fresh revelation of spiritual power, labored for souls, and have been vaquely conscious that the Spirit was moving. For months there has been a willingness on the part of the church members to dedicate then:selves, as shown I:y frequent gatherings together for prayer and fellowship. We heard of the Bethel Evangelistic Band of Shanghrii and invited them to come to Peiping. Five Chinese young men arrived. Dr. John SUng and Rev. Andrew Gih as preach- ers, Mr. Frank Lin as interpreter and Mr. Philip Lee and Mr. Lincoln Nieh as song-leaders and student-workers. By the second day we realized that in these young men we had with us the presence and power of the Holy Splrit . They were singularly fitted for their difficult task.

They preached in arresting simplicity, with a definite aim in mind, in a complete surrender to the Spirit, and with full assurance of victory. Their sermons were a revelation of the Chinese application of evangelistic methods. They did not snatch Bible texts from here and there but explained the Scrip- tures in words and pictures on the blaCkboard, paragraph by paragraph, and chapter after chapter. A whole chapter *as put into a sermen, so that the harmony of the Word became clear to the audience somewhat unfamiliar with the Bible. The people read the verses or paragraphs aloud while the sermon pro- gressed. Xh~ preachers stressed cooperation in worship and made the l);oetings less minister-centric. They had everybody praying together and aloud in accordance with Chinese tradition and custom. They taught the people to sing catchy choruses. A new one each meeting was repeated over and over all through the sermon and again was sung while the congregation was leaving the auditorium. Often the singing was continued as the people walked down the street. Sometimes just before the sermon ther~ was a rapid succes- sion of sentence-testimonials; at one meeting almost a hundred in fifteen minutes.

The preachers also showed their understanding of the Chinese mentality in their emphasizing or the priestly phase of the ministry. Confessiotl sin seemed at once essential to ma~y. Between meetings our livingroom, diningroom, hall, study, even upstairs bedrooms were converted into sanc- turies where burdened souls knelt to find salva- tion. Humphrey and Waldo back from school. wandered sometimes in awe and fear among those who wept and pled while waiting their turn to see Dr. Sung or Pastor Gih for a personal iuterview. The

A REMARKABLE LETTER FROM CHINA

Bethel Evangelistic workers gave themselves so completely to their calling that we often experienced the situation described in Mark 3: 20: "And the multitude came together so that they could not so much as eat bread".

All during these weeks a large number of Church members brought small packages of food to the afternoon meetings so that they could keep their seat s for the evening gathering. Some of those who live in the neigborhood kept open table for those living at a distance; others had a number of friends staying overnight. Every night a number of people slept on benches and doors in the Chapel so as not to miss the seven o'clock meating. An old woman, on tiny bound feet walked four hours a day so as to be at all the gatherings. A man walked each morning two hours from, and each evening two hours back to his house. Mothers rose at four A.M. so as to have household duties taken care of in timB for the morning session. Fathers took their turn in looking after the children. and whole families decided to do without warm meals so that the mothers could go to every meeting.

The send-off on the last evening was most impressive. Hundreds of people lined the dark street in front of our mission compound, oarrying lighted lanterns. The ba~d, the singing, a last word of prayer in the open, and the· students pulling the motor-car made an unforget,able sight. Also at the station a large crowd was gathered. Women wept and men sang as the train pulled out.

We are.all praying that the glad tidiug will be spread to other places by these faithful servants of the Lord.

Pray for us at Peiping. Committees arranging for city-wide follow-Up work are already busy. Volunteer workers are "preaching the word". Bible classos and volunteer leaders study groups have been formed. The "watch tower", a prayerroom in the back of our Church, is occupied for ten hours of each day. Special weekly prayer and report meetings are arranged for. Cottage meetings have been started and' 'family-altars" established. We are counting on your cooperation in prayer. May the Holy Spirit lead us to full victory this coming new year. With the season's greetings, yours for Christ and China.

the Woes of

By STUART BERGSMA, M.D., Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Missionary in charge of the American Mission Hos- pital of the United Presbyterian Church of North America,- author of "Rainbow Empire: Ethiopia Stretches Out Her Hands"

"WOE to Ethiopia!" cried Isaiah the proph- most in the center of Ethiopia. From this van- et of Judah. No one sees more of the tage point let us look about us.

woe in any benighted land than dO€s the Compared with the remainder of this mountain- medical missionary. This challenges his medical ous country, Addis Ababa is almost overwhelmed and surgical skill. with blessings, physical and spiritual. Any tour- At an altitude of almost two miles above sea ist, content with having seen the capital city, but level, on the high plateau which forms the most failing to make a tour of one to three months'

inhabited and most healthful part of Ethiopia, duration on muleback through the interior, has stands a modern, fully-equipped mission hospital. an entirely wrong idea of Ethiopia. The country It has been erected in Addis Ababa, the capital consists of two parts, there is first the capital city of Ethiopia, to show the love of Him who city, Addis Ababa with its railroad to the Red "was moved with compassion" by the sight of the Sea, all rapidly being modernized by the intro- neglected multitudes. duction of automobiles, aeroplanes, Paris styles, This hospital, with a staff of two missionary and foreign luxuries implanted bodily on the old doctors and four missionary nurses, with seventy- Ethiopia. A second and even more interesting five beds constantly occupied and 10,000 out- section of the land is the great ninety-nine per patients a year, is alleviating some of the woe of cent outside of the capital city. Here we find this ancient land, the traditional home of the sons people still living in the middle ages, with only of Solomon and the daughters of Sheba. Through footpaths or mulepaths for roads; with land its relief of some of the physical and spiritual woe tenure under a feudal system; with interesting so prevalent in this isolated land, the missionaries customs dating back to Solomon's day; with life are beginning to see a fulfillment of the prophecy reduced to bare existence amid poverty, supersti- of the Hebrew Psalmist: "Ethiopia shall soon tion and fear of the witch doctor; and with noth- stretch out her hands unto God." ing to relieve the untold physical suffering except The George Memorial Hospital of the American the ministrations of the ignorant galla medicine Mission stands, like one of the few watchmen on man.

the walls of Zion, in the land best known as Abys- Addis Ababa is still a place of great need. It SIma. On all sides arises the cry, wrung from has a native Ethiopian popUlation of 80,000 and the souls of ten million people whose physical and a foreign population of 10,000 (chiefly Hindu and spiritual needs have been untouched for nearly Mohammedan tradesmen from India, Arab mer- fifteen centuries: "What of the night? How chants from Arabia, and various peoples from much of the night is past? When will the day adjoining lands and European countries. But dawn?" nevertheless the capital has been singularly A rapid survey of Ethiopia reveals the great blessed above the remainder of the land, for here physical needs of the land and people. A small are centered the headquarters of the various mis- railroad, narrow gauged, a single pair of rails sion organizations, with at least one-third of the for most of its 487 miles, with a small engine total missionaries resident in Ethiopia.

which wheezes at every hill, takes us from Dji- There are in all Ethiopia only eight hospitals bouti, the seaport in French Somaliland, to Addis and all but three of these have less than a twenty- Ababa, the capital. It requires three long days to five-bed capacity. Four are government hospitals traverse this distance, but the railway represents and four are mission hospitals. There is also a an incalculable blessing to the people when we clinic at every mission station in Ethiopia, most consider that the only alternative would be mule- of them having either a doctor or a nurse in back or camelback ride for thirty days across a charge. The government is beginning to estab- grey desert of volcanic ash. Addis Ababa is al- lish dispensaries in certain districts, but at pres- [ 74 ]

HEALING THE WOES OF ETHIOPIA

ent there are not more than ten missionary phy- forms, and by limited funds, so that the condition sicians and ten reputable government physicians is still lamentable. Public health measures are in all of Ethiopia-for 10,000,000 people. The practically nonexistent. There has never been a total bed capacity of all hospitals is not above two census, there is no birth registration, no death hundred and fifty beds, or one hospital bed for registration, no sewage-disposal regulations, no every 40,000 inhabitants! Each doctor in Ethio- controlled water supply, no swamp drainage and pia can claim half a million people as his personal malaria control, no child welfare work, no wom- clientele! en's welfare work, only a beginning of maternity and prenatal work, and no control of epidemics or isolation in contagious diseases.

Due to the ignorance of the mothers, there is a high infant mortality rate. The huts of the people are unhealthful and unsanitary, usually being without windows and without chimney, al- though a fire is frequently smoking within the hut.

Among the more common diseases are tubercu- losis, dysentery, smallpox, typhus fever, malaria, relapsing fever, pneumonia, intestinal worms and venereal diseases. A glance at this list will at once convince us of the need for public health measures in better housing conditions against tu- berculosis; controlled sewage disposal and drink- ing water supply against dysentery; isolation of smallpox patients and compulsory vaccination; AN OLD MUD HUT IN ETHIOPIA measures aimed at extermination of mosquitoes, To show the great need in the outlying parts lice and ticks, respectively against malaria, typhus of the country, let us set out for a journey on mule- fever and relapsing fever. Surgically, the mediback from the capital city. To the east lies the cal missionary encounters tumors, large ulcers, railroad, giving easy access to the capital with goiters and many injuries from falling trees, rocks its relatively good medical facilities. There are and quarrels.

three doctors in all the eastern part of the coun- try. To the north you must travel for twenty days on muleback before you meet the first and only doctor. Setting our faces toward the south, we must journey for three days on muleback to the i first mission station with its Swedish doctor and his small, newly-built hospital. We can continue to travel for a month on muleback to the south, or southwest, all the way to Kenya Colony, without meeting another doctor in the entire area. To the west, twelve weary days on muleback bring us to our first doctor, a Swedish missionary with his forty-bed hospital at Nakempti. Eighteen days farther brings us to the second doctor and his dispensary at Sayo in the United Presbyterian mission. Another trail to the west, sixteen days TYPICAL NATIVE CHURCH IN ETHIOPIA from the capital, leads to the third doctor in Western Abyssinia in the United Presbyterian In general the attitude of the native is one of dispensary at Gorei. There are no other qualified indifference, apathy, or fatalism. "It is the will doctors or hospitals in all of Ethiopia, except for of God" is commonly heard concerning diseases, the capital city. Patients have reached our United so that disease and death are taken for granted.

Presbyterian mission hospital in the capital city The "evil eye" is blamed as the cause of much after having traveled two weeks or even a month, disease. In their ignorance and superstition, the to receive medical or surgical help. natives put faith in worthless amulets and charms His Majesty, the Emperor Haile Selassie I, is tied about th~ir bodies and trust for relief in the making every effort possible to bring about re- superstitious rites of the witch doctor and the forms in the fields of public health, handicapped merciless ministrations of the galla medicine man.

by many ultra-conservatives who oppose such re- To our mission hospital came a man who had

suffered with a peculiar itching of one leg for Another patient complained that while he slept twenty years. Many years before, soon after the with his mouth open a snake had crawled into his beginning of the disease, he had gone to a galla stomach and was now biting him. The patient medicine man and had described his disease, in was sure that he could see its tail if he looked into his own superstitious way, as consisting of ants a mirror with his mouth open and said "Ah!" After examining the man, and finding little amiss, ETHIOPIAN HAIRDRESSING we tried to convince him of the absence of a snake by washing out his stomach. The man maintained, and other insects crawling beneath his skin. The however, that the snake had crawled far back and medicine man had decided that the treatment was was hanging on with its teeth! clearly indicated. For ants crawling beneath the skin there is but one thing to do–bore holes into While the history of medical missions in Ethiothe leg and permit the ants to escape! That was pia covers approximately only ten years, they done. No ants crawled forth. It was repeated. have been a powerful opening wedge in Ethiopia, Still no therapeutic results. After much suffering a firm anchor, a forceful evangelizing agency, and the man abandoned all hope of being cured or re- a contributing factor in breaking down prejudice. lieved of the intolerable itching. He finally heard superstition, fear, and the grip of the medicine that there was a possibility of relief in the mis- man and witch doctor in certain localities. sion hospital. He came, and was cured of his illness within two weeks. Being curious to know While the physical needs of the Ethiopian are how many times this man had been willing to indeed great, the spiritual needs are even greater. endure the boring process without any anresthetic, Approximately one-half of the people of the land I counted the scars remaining as a reminder of are pagan. The natives worship the spirits of the medicine man's work, and found that the mountains, rivers, trees, apd all the things of man's leg had been bored into, incised, or burned nature. There are also Mohammedans, nominal in ninety different places! Christians and a small remnant of Jews.

A native, afflicted with some disease, will fre-· In all of these needs medical missions can be of quently ascribe the symptoms, such as pain in the great service by reaching those who come to the abdomen, to natural phenomena. Thus a young hospitals and dispensaries; serving as an object man, having suffered abdominal pain for six lesson of the love of Christ; spreading the fame years, assured me that he had a fish swimming of that "Name that is above every name," in about in his stomach. Six years before, as he whose sacrificial blood alone is salvation. Pawas drinking from a stream, he had swallowed a tients return to their near or far-off homes many minnow. This minnow had since grown into a days' journey away and tell the story as they go. large fish and was daily cutting his stomach with These Christian doctors and nurses hasten that its fins as it swam about. No arguments would day when "Ethiopia shall stretch out her hands change this young man's opinion and he departed unto God." with a very poor opinion of the doctor and his advice as to treatment. CHRISTIAN EVANGELIST AND FAMILY

We Stockholders orJ~Ambassadors?

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., F.R.G.S., I J5..- I Princeton, N. J.

Author of "Across the World of Islam," Editor of "The Moslem World," etc.

THE choice of words in a Christian's vocabu- Since the Jerusalem Council meeting some claim lary is not of minor importance. Archbishop that the proper terminology of missions centers Trench says, in his classic, "On the Study of around the idea of sharing.t We read: Words," that there is a moral element in words The International Missionary Conference at J eruthemselves. salem gave indications of a new trend of thought They are enough to make us feel about them, that which is of profound .significance for missionary work.

they do not hold themselves neutral in the great con- Just as the Edinburgh Conference struck the note flict between good and evil, light and darkness, which of sympathy and was followed by an era of endeavor is dividing the world; that they are not contented to to understand other faiths and to appraise their values be the passive vehicles, now of r – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – , sympathetically, 8'0 the Jerusalem the truth, and now of falsehood. Conference struck the note of We see on the contrary, that they Is it true, as some today sharing, and will, we hope, be folcontinually take their side, are claim, that religion is merely lowed by many different experisome of them children of light, a common human experience ments in the method of sharing others children of this world, or or search for God and that religious values and experiences even of darkness. Christianity is merely one of with members of other faiths. these religions which has Christian t e r m s have a reached a higher stage than The same idea is promi- Christian lineage that should other religions? According nent, not to say dominant, in not be heedlessly disregarded. to this belief. the best that the recently published Lay- There is a flavor about old and men's Appraisal of Foreign well loved words that make one Christians can do is to share Missions.t The use of t his the results of the search with hesitate to adopt substitutes seekers in other faiths. Dr. word without careful definition without good reason. A new Zwemer, Professor of the His- is to be deprecated for four word cannot easily be filled tory of Religion in Princeton, reasons: (1) It is not Scripwith the historic and charac- clearly shows that Christian- tural, (2) it is subject to many teristic content of the old. ity, according to the New and very loose interpretations, Testament and the Founder, (3) its careless use shifts the "Sharing" is a modern word is a revelation from God and very basis and aim of Chrisin the modernized vocabulary that Christians are witnesses, tian missions, and (4) the idea of missions. Though in itself a good word with an honorable ambassadors of Christ, to give of sharing our human thought history, it has begun to usurp God's message of Life to oth- and experience is not the centhe place of ideas and ideals ers of every race and nation. tral idea of evangelism.

that are vitally related to the 1. To share the Gospel is work of evangelism. Many not biblical terminology. In "ways of sharing with other faiths" are advo- relation to the Messiah of the Old Testament cated, differing in degrees of aggressiveness. * and the Gospel message of the New Testament • Daniel J. Fleming: "Ways of Sharing with Other Faiths," New the words used more than one hundred and York. 1929. forty times are: basha~ra, "to tell good tidings"; diagello, "to announce"; kataggello, "to tell thor- t H. A. Popley: "Sharing with Other Faiths as an Evangelistic oughly" ; evangelizo, "to spread good news" ; laleo, "to talk or preach" and (most frequently) kerus- Method," in Indian National Christian Council Review, Oct., 1932. so, "to herald or proclaim." The idea of "sharing" t We read "The fundamental motive, the imperative of sharing is foreign to the New Testament vocabulary in re- lation to the message of salvation. The Apostle whatever certainties we have in the field of religion remains," … Paul, did not merely bring his own experience to this tends "to lessen the apparent need and certainly the insistent urgency of haste of the work of the foreign preacher and philan- the Gentile world, but he proclaimed the atoning thropist" (Chap. I). death and life of another. "We preach not our- "As Christianity shares this faith with men of all faiths, they selves." How incongruous it would be to use the become changed into the same substanoo. The names which now separate them lose their divisive meaning and there need be no loss of the historic thread of devotion which unites each to its own origin and inspirations" (Chap. III).

"Ministry to the secular needs of men is evangelism, in the right use of the word" (Chap. IV).

"The aim of Christian missions today in our conception would take this form: To seek with people of other lands a true knowledge and love of God. expressing in life and word what we have learned through Jesus Christ, and endeavoring to give effect to His spirit in the life of the world" (Chap. XIV).

[ 77]

word "sharing" in place of "preaching" in pas- secure "shares" of the highest present market sages such as the following: value from each other? Is it to give freely that They repented at the sharing of Jonah. Gospel which we have freely received-the one It pleased God by the foolishness of sharing to save and only message of hope in all its fullness? Or them that believe. on the contrary, does it mean to find among non- Whom we share, warning every man. Christian religions and philosophies a lost chord How shall they share except they be sent? or an unknown mystical experience that will sat- It is not an earthly message or experience that isfy the longing heart of Christendom? Mr. Pop- Paul brings as the subject of his preaching. He ley tells us what this means in India today: proclaims the fact that the reconciliation of God In some places attempts have been made to use the and man in the death of Christ brought a new non-Christian festivals, just as the early Church took epoch and producetl a new creation. The indi- over pagan festivals and christianized them. Indian vidual soul is bankrupt, no less than the wisdom Christian scholars, like Chakkarai, Appaswamy and of the world, before the fact of Christ. Tilak have found themselves making an increasing use of Hindu terms to express their own Christian A recent book by the leaders of German evan- experience. The old aversion to the use of Hindu gelical missions, entitled "Botschafter an Christi terms for God and for other religious ideas is grad- Statt," contains a paper by Inspector Karl Har- ually passing away, and this change has been marked tenstein of Basel on the authority and aim of Christian missions. He bases the whole of his in South India by the substitution of the word Kadavul (meaning God) for Thevan in the new Tamil argument on the statement of Paul in 2 Cor. 5: translation of the Bible. A recent Marathi transla- 20. "Now, then, we are ambassadors for Christ, tion of the New Testament by an Indian Christian we beseech you, in Christ's stead." In these has come in for a good deal of criticism by some words, says he, Paul proclaims the duty, the basis, Christian scholars, because it was said to make too and the essence of evangelical missions. Missions much use of Hindu terms and expressions.

have only one ground and the missionary message And if men can not agree on the process of one great content, namely, "Be ye reconciled to sharing-whether it is to give what we have or God." The subject of missions is God Himself, to give and take by way of exchange-what of whose message comes through His ambassadors. the thing we share? Again we quote from Mr.

The object of missions is a lost world. The mis- Popley's article: sionary is the envoy of Christ. He comes not as The early Protestant missions thought of it [the Lord but as servant. He is absolutely and only Gospel] as a message centering around the Atonean instrument, a tool, a channel for the Message. ment as a substitutionary act of Christ, and as the This is true not only of the proclamation he gives only means of saving men and women from an eternal but of his own life and of all his activities. The hell of physical and spiritual torment, which awaited missionary is not first of all a leader, nor is he a them if they did not receive and heed the message. religious personality who can "share" what he Later Protestant mis,sions tended to think of it as a possesses with others. All he can be and do is message of a Christian civilization, which would ento be a humble witness of Christ, who is all and sure all the supposed blessings of Western civilization in all. to people accepting it, and also as a message of a perfect divine revelation granted once for all, which Contradictory Interpretations must displace or fulfill all other imperfect revelations 2. The use of the word sharing leads to loose which had been granted to men. The present generaand contradictory interpretations of its meaning. tion has not yet clearly thought out its idea of the It lacks definite content. Dr. Daniel J. Fleming, Christian message. (,Op. cit., p. 527.) in formulating "a code of ethics for those who In that case the present generation had better share," admits the many possible interpretations get busy, for the work of nineteen centuries has of the idea of sharing. Is it to be reciprocal been wasted! Some of those who talk of sharing sharing in the spirit of a common search, with are investing in stock from worldly markets, now all the perils of syncretism? This seems to be the that the old Gospel message is quoted below par. idea in one paragraph of the Laymen's Appraisal As a result they are in the midst of a spiritual depression. Report: Sharing is a common search for truth and becomes If we accept the truth of the revelation to Abraham real only as it becomes mutual, running in both direc- we can hardly deny the possibility of a revelation to tions, each teaching, each learning, each with the other Zarathustra, unless we take up the a priori attitude meeting the unsolved problems of both. that His revelation was limited to the Jewish people. The message of the Jerusalem Conference says on this Is it to pool our individual experiences of God matter: "We welcome every noble quality in nonand the work of His spirit at an ashram with Christian persons or systems as further proof that Hindus and in the mosque with Moslems and the Father, who sent His son into the world, has no-

ARE WE STOCKHOLDERS OR AMBASSADORS?

where left Himself without a witness." It is impos- Are the missionaries of the future to be mission- sible for many of us to think of the revelation of aries of Christ or missionaries of the Christian civili- the all-loving God and Father whom Jesus has shown zation of the West? This is the alternative which we to us as a revelation limited by our theological sys- face at present, although it is often disguised behind tems, and there is nothing in the teaching of Jesus forms of words which conceal its real nature and to suggest that God has so limited His own revela- essential importance. Do the missionaries of our tion. . . . Christian Churches go out to proclaim to the world We cannot expect that those who embrace the Chris- the unique and divine fact of the Incarnation or to tian faith will be prepared to scrap all their previous carry to the non-Christian world the benefits-educa- religious experiences, any more than the converted tional, medical, generally humanitarian-which have Jew could bring himself to give up the Psalms and grown up in our civilization under the stimulus and Prophets, or the converted Greek the philosophy of guidance of the Christian faith?

Plato.* The answer to these questions determines the whole character of the missionary enterprise and This brings us to another reason for greater of the type of missionary that is needed. The discrimination in the use of the word "sharing" over-emphasis in America on the social implicato express evangelism.

What Is the Basis of Mission Work? tions of the Gospel and the alleged lack of em- phasis on the Gospel itself has led our German 3. The careless use of the word "sharing" tends brethren, since the Jerusalem Meeting, to speak to shift the basis of missions and to obscure the issue. Because there are so many "ways of shar- of "the peril of Americanism" in the mission field. ing with other faiths" and because those who pro- Inspector Hartenstein concludes the able paper, fess to share disagree as to' what and how they from which we have quoted, by saying: share with others, it is well to go back to the real issues. All things are of God. He recon- Over against the eclipse of this message of faith by ciled us to Himself by Jesus Christ. He gave us American activismus, and over against the minimizthe ministry of reconciliation. This ministry com- ing (Jf the truth of revelation by syncretism, and over against the worldly atmosphere which threatens mis- sionary service through secularism, we must hold fast mitted unto us is called "the word of reconcilia- the heritage of the Reformation and of Pietism by a tion." Because we are the custodians, the trus- new emphasis on the Scriptures and the Scriptural tees, the ambassadors of this word for Christ, we basis of the enterprise. Missions are nothing else beseech the world that knows not this message, in than an ambassadorship in Christ's stead to a lost Christ's stead, to be reconciled to God. The heart world, and the (Jnly power of missions, as well as the of the enterprise is God's work of reconciliation only source of authority, is the Holy Spirit.

(John 3: 16). This is the good news. It consists How utterly different all this is from the ideas of historic facts. These facts were the sole mes- expressed in the earlier chapters of "Rethinking sage of the apostles. The acceptance of this Missions." Professor Hocking in this report, as message transforms life and produces a new in statements at the Jerusalem Meeting (Vol. creation. VIII, pp. 160-161), believes that while there may Missions have for their object the salvation have been a place in the past for the one-sided of souls in the mass of humanity and are not proclamation of final truth, yet the greater future called primarily to political, economic, social, and lies in a new form of intercourse between reli- racial activities. These activities are part of the gions. He would have the missionaries follow duty of the church, not of missions. The method "the Socratic method, not pledging people to ac- of missions is therefore the Word; the proclama- cept their truth but finding out together what tion of the Gospel and not the impartation of their combined resources are.t Or to put it in cultural values. The task of the missionary is to the words of Mr. Popley: preach repentance and faith. The proclamation In the past the theologian has tended to approach of the Cross of Christ and the grace of God can religious problems by the path of dogma, rather than alone deliver the enterprise from the peril of by the path of experience and experiment. Certain complete secularization. propositions were regarded as fundamental, and the It is by the message of the Cross and not by subject was approached deductively from these, rather social service that men are translated from dark- than inductively from the experience of men. The ness into light and from the power of Satan unto method of sharing means that instead of laying down God. When we carry a divine message of recon- irrefutable propositions which must be accepted willyciliation we are ambassadors. Dr. Duncan B. nilly, we study our own experiences and those of others Macdonald of Hartford, puts the present-day issue in order to find out the truth. . . . In such a group very clearly: the leader must be very careful to make no attempt to dominate, and must himself be a sharer, and not • Popley in the article quoted. t Fleming: "Ways of Sharing with Other Faiths" (pp. 52-53).

one who has come with the purpose t'o convert the The word of the Cross is the Gospel and there others to his own point of view. can be no other. Before that Cross all human wisdom and power and righteousness is bankrupt. This is quite in accord with Mr. Gandhi's mis- We have nothing to share; all is Christ's. Everysionary program for the Christian Church. There thing we have is His free gift. All superiority must be no proselytism. Humanitarian service is complexes of race or birth or position disappear. welcome, but the distinctive Christian message is The Cross pours contempt on all our pride. This is why the message of the Cross makes the best unnecessary. * It is refreshing, however, to note missionaries, and the chief of sinners becomes the best ambassador of the grace of God. Those to that Mr. Gandhi knows Hinduism and the New whom most is forgiven always love most. The Testament too well to speak of reciprocal shar- love of Christ constrains them; not only the mising: "At the present moment, India has nothing sionary message, but the missionary method and to share with the world, save her degradation, the missionary passion are found in Calvary. pauperism, and plagues. Is it her ancient Scrip- There would have been no Apostolic missions, no tures that we should send to the world? Well they medieval missions, no modern missions without are printed in many editions, and an incredulous the experience of redemption and the call to be and idolatrous world refuse to look at them be- ambassadors of the Croils. St. Paul and St. Patcause we, the heirs and custodians, do not like rick, William Carey, and Henry Martyn, David them. Before, therefore, I can think of sharing Livingstone and Hudson Taylor had essentially the same experience, the same message, and the with the world, I must possess." t same passion. The Gospel for them was a joyful This puts the issue very clearly. If Christ is message of redemption. This message did not all we need, if in Him dwells all the fullness of offer a philosophical theory, not a mere program the Godhead bodily, if He is the propitiation and for material betterment, but victory over sin and the reconciliation for the whole world, why not death. Such a message the human heart needs tell the world so and win the world to accept the and of such a message who would be ashamed? final and supreme message of redemption. Lest we mistake the circumference for the center we need to remember the limitations and implica- The Central Idea in Evangelism tions of the Great Commission. "We are sent," in the words of Hugh Thomson Kerr, "not to 4. Sharing is not the central thought in evan- preach sociology but salvation; not economics but gelism. The Gospel is God's good news, not human evangelism; not reform but redemption; not culgood will. Sharing relates to that which men can ture but conversion; not progress but pardon; give or take. The Gospel is not of this world. It not the new social order but the new birth; not came into the world as God's unspeakable gift revolution but regeneration; not renovation but through the Incarnation. Tennyson wrote to a revival; not resuscitation but resurrection; not friend from Mablethorpe: a new organization but a new creation; not de- mocracy but the Gospel; not civilization but I am housed at Mr. Wildman',s, an old friend of mine Christ. We are ambassadors not diplomats." in these parts. He and his wife are two perfectly honest Methodists. When I came, I asked her after If this be true perhaps some of our methods of news, and she replied: "Why, Mr. Tennyson, there's evangelism need overhauling and our message itonly one piece of news that I know, that Christ died self needs a clearer and less cumbersome expresfor a,ll men." And I said to her: "That is old news, sion. We have good news of forgiveness and and good news, and new news"; wherewith the good pardon, of peace and victory over sin. Christ is woman seemed satisfied. the only hope of the world.

And who would not be satisfied? There is no substitute for the Gospel and no other way to win hearts-it is God's only way.

• Cf. Young India, April, 1931. t Cf. Andrew: "Mahatma Gandhi's Ideas," pp. 264, 265.

Dear Lord, give to our mortal eyesight immortal VISIOn. Grant that we may hear new sounds, feel new sympathies, thrill with new love. Lead us into a more vivid con- sciousness that Thou art in Thy world; that Thy presence is round about us, as a healing breath. At this grave moment in the annals of mankind, when the foundations of orderly commonwealths and assured faith are so deeply disturbed, may our anchorage be in Thee!

…. Help us, dear Saviour, in the shadow of Thy cross to remember that we appear before Thee as individuals, separate and alone. Be Thou the Captain of our souls! Then if pov- erty comes we shall not be poor, and if sorrow comes we shall not be sad, and if death I comes we shall not be afraid. 0 Thou God of all nations, hear us we pray, for the sake I of Jesus Christ the world's Redeemer. Amen. -Evangeline Booth.

!.

Experience of the

* What can we learn from the Oxford Group, The First Century Christian FellowshiP?

By the REV. J. ROSS STEVENSON, D.D., LL.D., ] Princeton, N. J. JiJ- -.. ~ [ President of Princeton Theological Seminary SOME twenty years ago the Rev. Frank N. undergo since the days of the Apostles. One Buchman exhibited marked talent in organ- needs to recall the great evangelical revival of the izing groups of students under capable eighteenth century and the opposition there was leaders for personal soul-winning in American to startling innovations. John Wesley's natural colleges and universities. He was afterwards as- love of decency and order was at first shocked at sociated with John R. Mott and Sherwood Eddy experiments of preaching outside the walls of in evangelistic tours abroad. churches. In my Seminary The idea of holding house-par- days, when D. L. Moody was ties was suggested-an exten- In common with the early conducting a series of meetings sion of the old idea of class- Christians in the Roman Em- in Chicago, one of the vener- meetings or cottage prayer pire, there is a movement in able professors warned the stu- the Christian world today meetings-in which young men that is often Hspoken against" dents against listening to the and young women were given by some church leaders. No evangelistic appeal of an unorthe opportunity of discussing doubt it shows signs of hu- dained layman. The Student freely and more or less infor- man imperfection but never- Volunteer Movement for Formally, personal religion in all theless it manifests a spiritual eign Missions, which began at its bearings. Out of such con- vitality which any church Mount Hermon in 1886 and in ferences has developed a band may well covet. Those asso- its subsequent years was under of spiritual leaders some of ciated with the movement lav the leadership of Robert Wil- them permanently located in no claim to perfection bu't der, John Forman, John R.

strategic centers, others en- they seek to carry out the Mott, Robert E. Speer, and gaged in evangelistic itinera- ideals and teachings of first others, had as its critics such tion. The movement has spread century Christianity. There eminent men as John L. Nevius to G rea t Britain, Europe, are lessons that we may learn of China and Edward A. Law- South Africa and Canada, rence, a prominent Congregawhere it is called the Oxford from the experience of this tional minister who visited Movement. In America it is Group, while we seek to avoid foreign mission fields and pubknown as the First Century errors into which any may lished a book entitled: "Mod- fall. As a wise lawyer once said: HIf this work be of men Christian Fellowship. For the it will come to naught but if ern Missions in the East," in past two months, thirty or it be of God ye cannot over- which he condemned the Movemore of these leaders, enlisted throw it." ment as superficial and con- at home and abroad, have been ducted on a wrong basis. Even conducting special evangelistic at the present time, the mis- services in Montreal, Ottawa and Detroit in which sionary enterprise, regarded by the Church as there has been a large measure of cooperation by her most Christ-like and fruitful work, has drawn the evangelical churches. The Group is not an the criticism of a seriously-minded group of lay- organized body. It has no headquarters; no gov- men because of its aggressive evangelism which erning board; no official organ and claims to be is in line with the spirit and endeavors of the a movement within the churches seeking to asso- original propagators of the Christian faith. The ciate in spiritual service those who have had a human element must enter into every religious vital religious experience. endeavor to make the world better, and since The adverse criticism which this Fellowship humanity, like the Church, is subject to "both has evoked is in line with the criticism which all mixture and error," faults, failures and dangers spiritual or evangelical movements have had to can be readily discerned and should be honestly • Address at the Session on Evangelism of the Federal Council of considered. Can we learn something positive and ChUrches, IndianapOlis, Indiana, December 7, 1932. helpful from a movement which claims to follow [ 81 ]

the Christian standards of the First Century and its effect upon young people who come from Christo offer something of value in support of a more tian homes, Mr. Noyes did not hesitate to bring effective program of evangelism? It seems to me against pseUdo-intellectuals the complaint of stuthat ministers and church leaders may derive a dents: "They have taken away my Master and I great deal of profitable instruction and needed know not where they have laid Him." inspiration from this Christian Fellowship Group. In direct contrast with this educational trend Evidence of Reality and Power in religion to go only so far, emphasizing em- pirical knowledge and the humanistic ideals of r. First of all it emphasizes and demonstrates present-day society, which cannot save the world, and, in line with what the Barthian and kindred the reality and power of supernatural religion. movements are promoting in Germany, the Ox- In the world of our time there is a large amount ford Group seeks to bring the Church back to the beginnings of Christianity, to the beliefs of the of what may be called "natural religion," a reli- First Century propagators of the faith. Accordgion based in the main upon nature and her laws, ing to the accepted teaching of the New Testahuman experience as judged by psychology, and ment, these First Century Christians had an conclusions of pure reason apart from the possi- implicit belief in Christ as the absolute and final bility of any specific or supernatural revelation revelation; in a holy and merciful God to whom having been given. Our fathers discussed this sin is real and heinous; belief in the redemption type of religion in what they called "natural the- provided in Christ by His atoning sacrifice on the ology" as distinguished from "revealed theology," Cross and resurrection victory and in the power the theology based upon the revelation we have in of His Spirit to transform lives. These First the Scriptures and in Jesus Christ, as the perfect Century beliefs adopted by the Oxford Group are revelation of God and the only way in which we fortified by their confidence not merely that there can reach a satisfying experience of Him, and was in the First Century a divine power which concerning Whom the Scriptures bear infallible turned men from darkness into light, from the witness. power of Satan unto God, but that this same power promised for all time by the abiding pres- At a conference held a short time ago in New ence of the Holy Spirit is a real, living, unfailing York under the auspices of New York University, power today, as confirmed by their own experione of the absorbing topics was "Universities and ence. Changed lives are as they always have been, Spiritual Values." The whole import of the dis- the unanswerable apologetic of a vital, glowing cussion was to the effect that when the realm of Christian faith. As I read the reports of such spiritual values is ignored, education is neces- meetings as have been conducted by the Group in sarily incomplete, if not dangerous. It is to be Great Britain, on the Continent, in South Africa noted, however, that when educational circles re- and more recently in Canada, I gather that what fer to religion, worship or spiritual values, they makes them effective in the direction of producgenerally have in mind empirical humanistic tive evangelism, is the testimony of men and values such as can be taken into account in lab- women as to the supernatural power which reoratory investigation and which leave no place deems from sin and awakens the soul to newness specifically for the Christian religion. All this of life in Christ Jesus. may be very well so far as it goes, but it does not go far enough to give place for Christianity What Is Wrong with the Church? as we find it summed up in New Testament teaching and it is wholly lacking in redemptive pas- II. One of the great problems of the Church sion. It may be only the religion to which Paul today is an indifferent body of Christians who alludes in the first chapter of Romans which take no active interest in the work of Christ's magnifies the everlasting power and divinity of Kingdom and who in large numbers eventually God but does not serve as a bulwark against im- cease to be the professing disciples of our Lord. morality, does not build men up in holy character Last year in the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., or inspire to unselfish service. It is not surpris- 80,172 names were placed on the suspended roll. ing that when, in this conference of university What is the secret of this indifference and fallleaders held in New York City, Mr. Alfred Noyes ing away? read a paper on "Modern LiteratUre as influenced by present-day Education," he dwelt on the liter- The theory of the Group is that the life of an ary flare for sheer wickedness as the natural indifferent, inactive Christian has not been fully product of an educational system which simply surrendered to Christ. Nominal Christians, those takes into account man's reaching up to God and who are half-hearted in their religious devotion, gives no place to God's reaching down to man in are dwelling on the low level of secular values such a way that a lost soul may be redeemed. and they cannot be radiant, influential followers Speaking of our whole system of education and

MODERN EXPERIENCE OF THE SUPERNATURAL

of the Master until the whole life has been sur- nessing for Christ in a general sense, all will rendered, each thought even being "brought into concede. Whatever convictions we hold should be captivity to the obedience of Christ." A leading commended by a consistent life. As to the wit- metropolitan pastor who during his long ministry nessing which involves vital religious experiences had the joy of winning many to Christ, related and implies confession of sins, as well as grateful this incident. He declared from his pulpit that acknowledgment, some question its propriety and every professing Christian is either a channel or usefulness. The First Century Christian Fellow- a barrier. Either he is the means of bringing ship terms such witnessing "sharing," using the blessing to others or he is a positive spiritual word as applying only to testimony one may give hindrance. One of his trustees was seriously of- as to what the Lord has done for him. Strictly fended and went home in high dudgeon. After a speaking "no one can share his experiences with prolonged spiritual struggle lasting through that another." He can simply make them known to Sunday and far into the night, his disturbed con- others. Sharing, in the sense of giving to others science and the work of the Spirit compelled him personal knowledge of Christ and His saving to fall on his knees, plead for pardon and dedicate power, contemplates a threefold benefit: himself to a life of Christian helpfulness. Mon- 1. In the first place, it is beneficial to the one day morning at his place of business he called who thus bears witness or makes confession. The his employees together for conference and in- evils of repression are apt to be more tragic than quired if they were aware of the fact that he those of expression; when a young disciple tells was not only a member of the Church but held others what the Lord has done for his soul, his office as a trustee. They had not suspected this. own faith is strengthened. This is the principle He then expressed his sincere penitence for having upon which a great deal of slum work or rescue hidden his light under a bushel and asked their mission work has been conducted. Men who have cooperation in making that business concern a been snatched from the thralldom of sin, and truly Christian enterprise. It was for him a new saved by accepting Christ, are called upon to tes- conversion-a new "philosophy of life"-and at tify and to keep on doing so in order to encourage once his business associates saw that he was a others to find the same Saviour. Thereby they changed man. grow and experience an increasing power to resist This Group has learned by an extensive experi- temptation.

ence, what scores of pastors can confirm, that 2. Such testimony has regard for the uncon- when a Church member is not serving Christ as verted who as a rule are more influenced by the he should something is wrong in his relation to straight-forward testimony of one belonging to Christ. Many years ago I inquired of one of the their own class, subjected to the same tempta- most effective personal workers in the College tions, enduring the same trials, than they are by Y. M. C. A. Movement why so many students doctrinaires who speak as the scribes and without coming from Christian homes apparently lose testifying to actual experience. There is nothing their faith and become cold and inactive, if not new in the relation of such witness-bearing to hostile, to religion. He gave, as a result of hun- evangelism. It is as old as the apostolic age and dreds of interviews, two reasons: (1) The neglect the need for it is ever-recurring.

of the means of growth, such as prayer, Bible 3. Witness-bearing is a vital part of Christian study and active Christian service, and (2) some fellowship. In a sermon preached by Dr. James form of immorality, in a surprising number of Denny of Scotland a generation ago, and prior cases, impurity. This presents a situation in to the beginnings of the First Century Christian many of our churches which any form of aggres- Fellowship group, he commented upon the apos- sive and fruitful evangelism has to face and we tle's words: "If we walk in the light as he is in may well thank God and take courage when a the light, we have fellowship one with another."

group composed largely of young people who are He considered "walking in the light" as bringing often better acquainted with actual conditions out into the open anything that is wrong, either than their elders, fearlessly grapple with such a as regards our relationship to God or our rela- situation. tionship to fellow-men, and then referred to the The Results of Witnessing koinonia, the "fellowship," the brotherhood, which was so characteristic of First Century Christians.

III. Any real, satisfying Christian experience He did not hesitate to say that the lack of fellow- measured by First Century standards invariably ship in the primary Christian sense is today one entails the commission to bear witness to Christ of the greatest wants in the life of the Church, and His power to change lives. When confronted the one which is the most to be deplored and by human need, "we cannot but speak the things which, as much as anything else, makes the we have seen and heard." The importance of wit- Church helpless and exposes it to contempt. He

mentioned the pitiable substitutes which are re- upon Him-with the result that there is a unity sorted to by churches in the way of extending the of the Spirit and a clear-cut decision as to what social side of church life. This is the searching should be done. question he raises: "Why is it that the powerful and fundamental fellowship constituted simply by 2. Individual guidance, especially that which membership in the Church has fallen into the emerges in the "quiet times," so-called, preferably background ?" There is only one answer: It is at the beginning of the day. That such times have because we do not walk in the light as God is in their spiritual profit, cannot be questioned. The the light. It is because there is that in our lives Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Miswhich estranges us from God and from men, sions has been advocating for a generation or something which we wish to conceal and which more the observance of the Morning Watch. Comwe have not told unreservedly even to God. ing into the presence of God, and of the revelation He has given in Christ and the Word of His The appeal of the Group is for Christians to grace, waiting for Him to speak, the soul will be in such fellowship that they will have no re- assuredly receive some message, some enlightenserves-a fellowship which is based on sincere ment. It is in this way that Karl Barth apdealing with God, with one another and with proaches the Word of God for the spiritual their own souls. As Dr. Denny put it: message he is to proclaim. Every faithful min- ister of the Word will testify that often in a Walk in the light as God is in the light and your mysterious, unaccountable way he has been guided hearts will open to one another in Him. You will in the selection of his text or theme or has been discover on every side unsuspected friends. You will impelled by some strange moving to call at the get new inspirations for your Christian life, new im- home of a parishioner just at a crisis when his pulses and opportunities of sharing in the Christian shepherding is imperatively needed. The people life of others, and your relation to the Church, instead whom we should fear in Christian enterprises are of being something drab and wearisome, will bring not those who claim guidance in their endeavor the greatest joy, unfailing satisfaction. to know and to do the Will of God, but rather those who ignore divine guidance and who act on Prayer for Guidance their own impulses apart from the light of the Word, the claims of the Cross, the atmosphere of IV. Prayer has, since the days of Pentecost, prayer and of unselfish devotion. accompanied any great spiritual awakening and the Group claims to be a First Century Fellow- This Movement, as already intimated, has been ship because of the place it gives to prayer, with making great headway in certain parts of the special reference to divine guidance. That there world. Around it has gathered a considerable is such a reality as divine guidance, no one who literatUre. One book in particular, that by A. J. trusts God and believes in the efficacy of prayer Russell, "For Sinners Only," has had such a wide can doubt. But how is this guidance to be medi- circulation in the original English edition that a ated? For the Christian the guidance he needs special edition has been published in America. and desires results from the knowledge of the A later book by Geoffrey Allen of Lincoln Col- Scriptures-our infallible rule of faith and life- lege, Oxford, "He that Cometh," is highly comthe conscious fellowship with Christ as Saviour mended by Dr. John McConnachie, one of the and Lord, and the determination to belong wholly enthusiastic interpreters of Barthianism. In reto Him, doing only what pleases Him and what viewing Mr. Allen's book, Dr. McConnachie adds: best serves the interests of His Kingdom. To such "The Group is in line with the method of the an one there is not much danger of thrusting Spirit in all ages. The Church moves forward, as self-assertive aims and impulses into the realm of Principal Rainy once contended, by revivals, never a Christ-directed life. The Lord will guide him by evolution. The eschatological cycle of sin, ~ontinually according to His promise and in the crisis, judgment and new beginning is always interest of the evangelism that we are now dis- repeated." cussing, he will have confidence, courage and spiritual power in soul-winning. We are now in a crisis time not only in our political and economic life, but in our moral and In the First Century Christian Fellowship, spiritual life; this is generally conceded. The whose principles of guidance have been clearly particular values of the First Century Christian enunciated in a pamphlet, "The Guidance of God," Fellowship bearing upon the spiritual revival place is made for: which is the supreme need of our time, and which values I have endeavored to accentuate, have to 1. Group guidance, as when two; three or more do with supernatural religion, involving the fact gather together in Christ's name, consider a par- of sin and redemption through Christ, the Son of ticular problem, reveal a diversity of opinion, God and Lord and Saviour of mankind; with the have free discussion and then a period of meditation upon God's Word-of self-abandoned waiting

INDIAN ADVENTURES IN CHRISTIAN FELLOWSHIP

necessity of a life wholly-surrendered to Christ, Kingdom may come. When we think of the Kingif there is to be joyous and effective service; with dom of God Movement in Japan, the Five-year the necessity of a vital experience of the saving Evangelistic Movement in China, the One by One power of Christ such as naturally impels sharing Movement in Great Britain and now this First or witness-bearing; with the necessity of getting Century Christian Fellowship Movement showing how God's Spirit works, we should be challenged rid of anything which separates from God and anew to possess our inheritance, to learn anything man in order that there may be the New Testa- and to appropriate everything which will make ment fellowship of the Spirit and with the privi- us "friends of revivals of religion" and enable us lege of divine guidance in answer to prayer, which "to possess a portion of the spirit of the original will bring inspiration into the plans of every-day propagators of the faith, prepared to make every sacrifice, to endure every hardship and to render life. These values are the inheritance of evan- every service which the promotion of pure and gelical Christianity. But the Church is apt to lose sight of them. Hence God employs new undefiled religion may require." * methods to bring these values back again into the thought and life of those who pray that His • The language of the Design of Princeton Seminary.

Indian Adventures in Christian Fellowship By MASON OLCOTT, M.A., Vellore, India A Missionary of the Reformed Church in America THE "Axe Committee" was to meet in Vellore Christ, like a plant turning toward the sun to ab- to reduce expenditures. Since I had to pre- sorb its rays. Lasting friendships in Christ were pare estimates, my village tour had to be formed between Indians, Americans and Burmese. broken. One of the fortunate results was that I could attend the meetings of the Burma Gospel in The headmaster of an Indian school had come Vellore. It was a great experience to see the pub- to our meeting with an argument to match every lic of Vellore-Hindus, Moslems and Christians- one of ours, but we didn't argue; we merely told crowding the large Town Hall and eagerly drink- of our experiences. He couldn't match those with ing in the Gospel songs and testimonies of the any victorious experience of his own. Such ex- Christian men and women from Burma. With perience was something that he wanted. glowing faces these students and professors told briefly what Christ meant to them, and how great John Duraiswamy asked me to join the Madras was the freedom of the surrendered life. Gospel Team. Later John arrived with three stu- dents and a man from the Theological Seminary. These meetings, showing the winsomeness of We met in an "upper room" for prayer and fel- Christ's loyal followers, made me realize that we lowship and to seek the guidance of God. The could do far more than at present in lifting up following night we witnessed to Christ in the vil- Christ and letting Him draw all men to Himself. lage near our Training School, which had been The secret of the power of the Burma Gospel visited by our School Gospel Team during every Team was nothing superficial. They shared deeply Sunday night for a month. with each other of their victories and defeats. Our first main adventure together was in the At the invitation of the principal of our college, village of Kavanur thirty miles east of Vellore. not one John the Evangelist, but two came to Vel- There we lived for ten days in the mission school lore to help us start a Gospel Team of our own. on the edge of the outcaste quarter. Recruits came John Thet Gyi, of Burma, and John Duraiswamy, to swell our numbers, the evangelistic bands from of Tinnevelly, responded to our call. We will never Vellore and Arcot, and three students from Voorforget the meetings in VeIlore when we shared hees College. We found that personal feeling beour deepest religious struggles, nor the unbroken tween two members had stood in God's way. fellowship at the village of Sethuvalai, as we When this was removed Christ wrought a deeper prayed, testified, sang and ate together. We could friendship between them. almost see some of our number grow toward We rose at dawn and formed a procession every morning with harmonium, violins, drum, cymbals

and many voices, singing lyrics as we went man, who afterwards promised to seek Christ, and through the streets of the caste village. Where another with a caste teacher from a near-by vila crowd gathered we stopped and gave our ex- lage. People in some surrounding hamlets welperiences of Christ. By twos we visited caste comed us cordially and heard the Word of God men and brother outcastes and talked with them. with gladness. It would have been better if we had started this earlier and had informed the headman what we At Kavanur we spent part of a day at a harvest were attempting to do. festival where Christians from all the villages joy- fully gathered with their first fruits. After the At noon we met with the Christian young men meeting we prayed with a few young men and sevof the outcaste hamlet who had been drawn to- eral gave their lives to Christ. gether by the musical ability and Christian character of the teacher, Mr. Timothy. Some of these After Kavanur we camped with the Seminary youths had been baptized and most of the others Team in a village. The caste people asked what were eager to take their stand for Christ. We the necessity was for the Gospel Team to clean the had some moving times of prayer and conse- streets. Members of the Team answered that cration. Jesus had sent them to work; from which the vil- lagers coined two nicknames: "Jesus' workmen" We played games with the boys, cleaned the and "those Jesus sends." What an honor! streets, showed magic lantern slides of Christ's life and of rural reconstruction (to both caste and One member of the Team passed on to us the outcaste), visited people's homes, and told of the message that we are like tuned violins ready for amazing love of God. By these varied contacts the hand of the Master Musician. Another said we came to know the people and they came to that a fresh understanding had come to him of understand us. Two of the personal interviews Christ's word: "And I, if I be lifted up, will draw stand out: one with a violent brother of the head- all men unto me." Why do we not uplift Him more fully in our lives?

GENERAL CHIANG'S HOPE FOR CHINA The literal translation of an address by General Chiang Kai-shek, given at the Hunan Bible School and printed in the Hunan People's Daily.

General and Madame Chiang Kai-shek visited Hunan Bible School, Changsha, on the second of November. A banquet was given in their honor. Other guests were Governor Ho, General Liu, and other high city officials.

When General Chiang was asked to speak to the students in the chapel of the school he said in part: "Upon entering your institution my spirit was inspired. Many people are suspicious of the mission schools because they do not understand them. I think, in order to save our coun- try from its chaotic state, to restore it to a stabilized condition and to help the poor, we must secure the help of Christian institutions. They have a great contribution to make.

"There are many ways and means to save a country. I believe Jesus is the standard. Jesus saves people because of His universal love and sacrifice. He is utterly self-forgetting, disregarding His own safety and comfort in order to attain the goal of saving other people.

"If we are going to save China, we must have the Spirit of Jesus Christ and His sacri- ficial love. I sincerely hope that your people here will use the personality of Christ to in- fluence the youth of the whole nation so that the students of the whole nation will use the Spirit of Christ in saving the country and the people. This is your great responsibility, which I hope you will all bear, to help save the country and its people, and to bring bless- ings to them. This is my sincere hope for all of you."

"The Other Spanish Christ"*

Reviewed by the REV. CHARLES S. DETWEILER, New York Dep41'tment of Missions in Latin America, American Baptist Home Mission Society I N ONE of the galleries of Italy there is a group the present Spanish Government and author of a of statuary known as "The Prisoners," by deeply religious book called "The Prayers of an Michael Angelo. A number of figures are Unbeliever." seen, as it were, emerging from the stone. The The second witness, Don Miguel de Unamuno, work is half-finished. It calls for the touch of an Rector of the University of Salamanca, is en- artist's hand to complete it. It is a picture of dowed with a prophetic voice. In all of his works, personality in bondage. whether poetical or philosophical, there is a clear The other Spanish Christ is evangelical tone, that gives likewise an emerging figure in promise of a new day for the history of Spain and the What Christ do you know? Spain. These men and their Hispanic countries of America. What Christ would you know followers call themselves Eras- Dr. John A. Mackay, for some if you had learned of Him mian Christians, which means years a Scotch missionary in only through Spanish gold that they would like to revive Lima, Peru, has traced for us the type of Erasmus rather the spiritual history of a race seekers and corrupt or igno- than that of Luther. They ~re from the time of Columbus fo rant priests? Dr. John A. men of culture who would, if Mackay in his new book, gives a clear picture of the the present day, a history full view of the dead Christ it were possible, reform the of hope. The Spanish Christ passed on to the Indians and Catholic Church from within that was brought by the con- mixed races of Latin America and make it Spanish rather querors to the New World was by the early Spanish and than Roman; but if unable to a Christ that was born in Tan- Portuguese settlers. He also realize this aim, they are not giers, according to Unamuno, describes the Christ now be- afraid to break with Rome as having more of the Moorish ing revealed to the Spanish Republican Spain already has than of the Christian char- consciousness-and some of done.

the results.

acteristics. He is of the earth The author believes that earthy, is the center of a cult Spain missed the Reformation of death but not of life, and accordingly is com- in the days of Luther by a narrow margin. It monly represented as a corpse. The other Spanish was not because the Inquisition quenched the new Christ is the Christ of the New Testament, the fires of blood. It goes deeper than that.

Christ of the Spanish mystics and reformers, "A little more, and how much it is; driven out of Spain in the time of the Inquisition, And the little less, and what worlds away." but coming back in these later years. The reasons why the Reformation was not suc- The two great men, one of a previous genera- cessful in Spain are: tion and one still living, famous in the world of letters, are witnesses to this other Spanish Christ. In the first place, the Spani·sh reforming tendency The first one, Don Francisco Giner de los Rios, was for reform within the unity of Catholicism; in introduced a new spirit into Spanish education, the second place, the religious consciousness of the a teacher whose personal life was that of a saint, Spanish advocates of reform was not possessed of a a lonely man yearning for a spiritual home and great revolutionary idea such as Luther's Justification finding none. He passed off the stage in 1915, but by Faith or Calvin's Sovereignty of God; in the third he left behind him a group of disciples who are place, the doctrines of the Reformation did not take hold of the common people as they did in other Euro- the leaders of the New Spain. One of his pupils pean countries where the movement won.

is Luis de Zulueta, Minister of Foreign Affairs in The description of the Spanish mystics awak- • A Study in the Spiritual History of Spain and South America. ens in one a desire to know more fully, especially By John A. Mackay, D.Litt. 98. Student Christian Movement Press, John of the Cross and Luis of Granada. Teresa London; $2.00. The Macmillan Co., New York.

[87 ]

de J can is the best known, and perhaps the only the short time available." This gave him "the hope one of all these mystics known to the average of a better life." After that the Christian people, who Anglo-Saxon. A book of her meditations may were much elated by his conversion, made him sit on be secured in English in "Everyman's Library." a short stake and shot him through with arrows. A The other writers have little that would identify magnificent example of "theological charity," evanthem as members of the Church of Rome except gelization by force to save souls from hell! As a pretheir names. All of their writings were either caution against backsliding on the part of "Chrisexpurgated or condemned by the Inquisition. tians" whose perseverance was open to doubt, their There is an evangelical spirit breathing through souls were dispatched to take possession of their cethem. The author well calls them "lost foun- lestial home before the baptismal water had time to tains" that are breaking forth anew in this mod- dry on their bodies. ern day. The evangelization of South America by the Unfortunately, South America has produced sword de-christianized Roman Catholicism. The no authors comparable to the Spanish mystics rites of that Church were imposed upon Indians of the Sixteenth Century or to Unamuno of the who were unchanged in heart and life, and who Twentieth Century. Nevertheless Dr. Mackay were allowed to continue the celebration of the follows the gleam in the work of several writers festivals of their old religion after connecting in South America who were rebels against the these ceremonies with the names of Christian Spanish religious order. Not all of these were saints. The resultant religion the author comevangelical Christians. Some of them represent pares to that which obtained among the Samarithe philosophy of Positivism, which has flourished tan colonists who "feared the Lord and served in Brazil. Others represent Theosophy, which their own gods." Meanwhile the Spaniards not has great vogue among the people of culture and only entered upon a career of political rivalry social standing today. Others are followers of and hate among themselves, but also as rulers and the American Emerson or the Hindu Tagore. Dr. feudal lords of immense domains they gave an Mackay writes from personal acquaintance with example of loose morals that has corrupted the present-day authors in South America. His is currents of social life down to the present day. tile hopeful view that sees in these writers, even though some of them are far from the evangeli- Let it be remembered that those men were not true cal position, the hunger for something better than colonists. They did not leave their motherlands to the superstitious form of Christianity which pre- work, but to make others work for their profit. They vails in South America. came, moreover, unaccompanied by their wives; a~d from the time of their arrival in America they dId How the whole South American continent was everything in their power to keep their legitimate doomed to four centuries of spiritual stagnation partners from following them. The colonial Ulysses is succinctly told. The Spaniards of the times of never thought of Ithaca nor of Penelope who pined Columbus believed themselves to be men of des- for him in distant Spain or Portugal. Instead he tiny. God had given them the task of establish- formed alliances with Indian women in the Syren's ing the Christian religion in the whole world. Isle of America. The children of these unions were "The sword and the cross entered into partner- brought up by their untutored mothers. Home life ship." Not the Pope, but the Spanish king be- was lacking. The absence of the sacred and uplifting came supreme in America. He demanded and re- influence of religious homes, where children could ceived from Rome the title, Patriarch of the grow up under the care of parents who were true com- Indies. This meant that the Pope gave to him panions to each other and genuine examples to their absolute spiritual power over the inhabitants of offspring, formed one of the gravest problems of cothe New World. It ultimately meant that the lonial life in Ibero-America. The lack of such homes ministers of religion blessed the cruelty and lust was another cause of the failure of the Crown and for gold of the conquistadores, Cortes, Pizarro, the Church to produce a truly Christian society in cotheir companions and successors. As one of sev- lonial day-so Here also lie the roots of what South eral instances we cite the following from the con- American writers of today describe as the fundaquest of Chile, as described by a Spanish poet: mental irreligiosity of life on the southern continent.

The great Auracanian chief, Caupolican, had fallen The Spanish theocracy in Latin America came into the hands of the Spaniards and was condemned to an end in the first quarter of the Nineteenth to death. Before the sentence was carried out he ex- Century. Not until we had read this book did pressed his desire to be baptized and become a Chris- we understand that the passing of the King meant tian. "This," said the poet, who himself took part in the coming of the Pope. A new era was inauguthe conquest of Chile, "caused pity and great content- rated in the history of Roman Catholicism on the ment among the Castilians who stood around." Cau- southern continent. Foreign religious orders polican was therel.lpon baptized "with great solemnity now poured into America and proved to be an imand instructed in the true faith as well as possible in portant factor in preventing the rise of national churches and in holding the infant republic loyal to the inherited religion. Among the founders

1933J MISSIONARY EXECUTIVES AT BRIARCLIFF

of these new nations were men who were ready critique of Protestant missions, and shows the to break with Rome as well as with Spain, and place that each type of works fills-from the some of them established an era of toleration of Y. M. C. A., with its ministry of physical culture, other religions. It was during this period of to the Pentecostal Movement in Chile with its intransition that J ames Thomson, that pioneer candescent religious passion. He believes that a Protestant missionary, traversed the continent new spring-time breathes across the continent, from south to north and, being well received, when it is urgent to sow the seed of Christ's mesestablished the first public schools (Lancastrian sage. He challenges everyone and everything schools they were called), and founded local Bible that he meets in Christ's name; he would have all societies. It was urgent, then, that the Pope send contribute something to His redemptive purpose. to America his monastic orders who would be loyal to his central authority and would be free The book is especially commended to every misfrom national attachments. sionary and to every candidate for service in Latin America. They will find here a review and Enough has been quoted to show that "The an appraisal of such Spanish literature as will Other Spanish Christ" contains a philosophy of bring grist to their mill. They also have an inhistory and a tracing of the spiritual currents troduction to the Spanish mind, an analysis of now running in South America, including the the Spanish soul, and an understanding of the modern evangelical movement. The author is people to whom they minister, which they can eminently fair and judicially minded in his find in no other volume.

Missionary Executives at Briarcliff l B~Ythe REV. ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN, D.D.,_…at . New York Secretary Emeritus of The Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. .. – FOR forty years the foreign mission boards could have had the educational value of such a of United States and Canada have met in conference. annual conference to study common problems. Recent years have seen a marked development. The program this year included many familiar subjects but there were fewer set addresses, and The first annual meetings were characterized by more time was afforded for discussion.

hesitancy and even timidity. The boards had not Many members of the Conference felt that the omission of such topics as the recent reports of then been accustomed to working cooperatively, Commissions sent to India, China and Japan was like attempting to play Hamlet with Hamlet left and some delegates feared that a super-agency out. Canon Gould, of the Missionary Society of the Church of England in Canada, and several might be established that would assume undue other delegates, insisted that the Conference should squarely face the Report of the Appraisal power. That apprehension has disappeared. The Commission of the Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry. The Conference voted that the Report value of the Conference is clearly recognized and should be made the order of the day for a subse- quent session, and at that session the Committee it has the hearty support of foreign mission on Arrangements presented the following resolu- tion, which was adopted though it was considered agencies in Notth America. , an inadequate expression of the views of the dele- gates: Former conferences became so large that the The Conference recognizes gratefully the earnest annual meetings were like small conventions. and unselfish services of the Appraisal Commission of the Laymen's. Foreign Missions Inquiry and their con- Last year there were 260 delegates, representing structive proposals. We are at .the same time solicitous with reference to unfavorable reactions throughout 83 boards and other agencies with many fur- the Church to the press releases given out in advance loughed missionaries and other friends who brought the attendance to about 400, and included not only officers but members of the boards. This year, the Conference felt that questions to be considered could be most effectively dealt with if the attendance were restricted to 150 delegates, "largely confined to administrative officers of the boards." Many felt, however, that the members of boards need the conference quite as much as secretaries, and they wished that their members

THR MISSIONARY RRVIF.W OF TIlE

of the appearance of the Report, and also to a number who now bear the burden and heat of the day in the of points in the Report itself. missionary enterprise. We trust the missionaries to be sent out in the coming years will master the new We recommend that in the measures adopted by the conditions that may arise and that they may render boards for fostering the study of the Report, special in their day a service as valiant and understanding attention be given to clearing up misunderstandings as has been rendered by those who have gone before and to removing wrong impressions, and that we seek them or who will welcome them to their fields of labor. to take to heart and profit by the timely and forwardlooking recommendations of the Report. A motion that a committee be appointed to seek a conference with the Appraisal Commission was The Conference, in the light of the present most referred to the Business Committee, which later critical world situation and of the inspiring challenge reported that it was "inexpedient" and "that of the Herrnhut Meeting, as well as of the recognition members of the Appraisal Committee may be on the part of the Appraisal Commission of the need available for conference with individual boards of adequate aims and message for the missionary or groups of boards which desire such conferenterprise, wish to reaffirm the Message of the Jeru- ence." This recommendation was adopted. Nothsalem Meeting of the International Missionary Coun- ing that individual members of the Commission cil and the findings of the meetings of the Council at would say could affect their Report which has Oxford and Herrnhut dealing with the basis and cen- been published beyond recall. tral emphasis of the world mis,sion in which we are united with the older and younger churches throughout the world.

It was agreed that in sending out this action What the Ohurch Needs to Know there should be added selected passages from the Several sessions of the Conference were of unmessage of the Jerusalem and Herrnhut meetings usual interest and value. One of the best, conon the Aim and the Message of Christian Mis- ducted by Secretary William P. Schell, was on sions, so as to make clear the position of the Con- the Home Base. In an effective address on "What ference. is the Church thinking about Foreign Missions and what does it need to know?" he stressed the Few appeared satisfied with the resolution following points: passed and we believe that a large majority would have voted for direct disapproval of some fea- 1. The Church needs to know that the missionary tures of the Report of the Appraisal Commission. enterprise is a Divine, spiritual, superhuman enter- Since some of the official delegates had publicly prise, originating in the heart and mind of God and committed themselves in favor of the Report, they expressed to the world through Jesus Christ.

presumably would have opposed a resolution of 2. The Church needs to know that there is no sub- disapproval. The Conference is not a legislative stitute for the missionary passion.

body and has no authority to commit its con- 3. The Church need,s to know that "the trail of self- seeking" does not "lie like the trail of a serpent" stituent boards. It is primarily a fellowship and across the mission fields of the world; that there is has always been chary about dealing with con- less self-seeking on the mission field than anywhere troversial questions on which its constituent else in the world, and that missionaries are the salt boards are divided. The preservation of harmony of the earth. is deemed more important than any divided vote and it is thought wise to restrict actions to those 4. The Church needs to know that we will continue to seek the best candidates for the missionary service, that can be unanimously adopted. The general but neither the boards nor the Church must be de- feeling of the Conference was that adequate dis- ceived into thinking that as soon as some methods of cussion of the Report should be left to each board missionary work are changed, all of the best students and its secretaries who could deal with it with in universities and colleges, or, even any large number of them, will immediately flock to the mission fields more freedom. to give their lives to Christian service. The mission- A phase of the Report on which the Confer- ary enterprise is not as easy as all that.

ence felt that it could speak emphatically related 5. The Church needs to be flooded with facts. We to missionary personnel and the following reso- must take a leaf out of the Laymen's Foreign Missions lution was unanimously adopted: Inquiry note-book and flood the Church with facts re- The F'Oreign Missions Conference of North America garding the constructive, positive, progressive develop- rejoices in its connection with the notable group of ments already in evidence on the mission field.

Christian missionaries in all lands, who by life and 6. The Church needs to know that the boards have teaching are bringing Christ and His saving power to nothing to hide; that they have always welcomed in- the knowledge of men who have not known Him. The vestigations and that they can and will make changes members of the Conference realize that the raising of in the interest of the Kingdom of God.

standards of preparation and equipment, together with 7. The Church needs to know that the boards and the maintaining of a growing spiritual life, meets the the missionaries are not on the defensive; that we joyous welcome of the present missionary force. We do not propose to allow anyone to put us on the de- set our faces toward the future, with all its calls to fensive; that we are not defeatists; that we are advance and new ministries, in glad loyalty to those ready to take the offensive; and that we believe in

MISSIONARY EXECUTIVES AT BRIARCLIFF

the Lord Jesus Christ and in His victory over the third or a half year to aid in this cooperative world. campaign. It was also voted: Another remarkably interesting, helpful and That as a result of the discussion on cooperation, encouraging session was devoted to self-support arrangements should be made for a general conferamong churches on the mission fields. It was ence of representatives of those boards which are preunder the leadership of Secretary Ralph E. Dif- pared to give serious consideration to definite and fendorfer who had sent out an advance question- practicable proposals for cooperative action, all the naire on what is being done. boards represented in the Conference to be invited, and that a small committee to set up such a confer- The Financial Situation ence should be arranged for at the time of the For- eign Missions' Conference. Disturbing facts were presented regarding the financial situation of the boards. The replies from Women's Boards and the Conference forty-three boards to a questionnaire showed the serious decrease in income from living donors; A joint committee had been appointed, reprethis decrease in the four largest boards being senting the Conference and the Federation of . 32% for the decade 1922-1932, and averaging Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions, to report 27.23 % for 31 reporting boards. All have re- regarding the integration of these two bodies duced the salaries of their executive officers and which have the same interests and deal with eshave effected other retrenchments. Several have sentially the same problems. The committee reclosed their work in certain fields, dropped a large ported that the relationship of the Federation and number of missionaries, have reduced missionary the Foreign Missions Conference should not meresalaries, and have cut appropriations for work ly involve closer cooperation or affiliation, but on the field. These reductions have not been whol- complete integration. The Committee recomly without benefit, since they have placed more mended that a joint committee composed of three responsibility on the churches on the field and members of each organization be appointed to have made it possible to bring about some desir- work out details along the following outline: able readjustments, to lessen or withdraw altogether support from churches and stations which a. One unified organization with a sufficient numfor more than a generation have showed little or ber of secretaries, men and women, to care for its no advance, and to close institutions which are work; the allocation of work and membership of not fulfilling missionary purposes or are unneces- committees to be on the basis of capability and fitness, sarily duplicating other institutions. without discrimination between men and women.

Dr. Robert E. Speer called attention to the b. The annual meeting, planned as a unit. Special significant fact that the serious decrease in con- or additional time to be alloted when desirable for the tributions does not mean that the churches are consideration of organized women's work. losing faith in their foreign missionary boards and work, since the decline in the receipts for c. One budget, raised chiefly from boards in one home missions, local churches, hospitals, colleges, allotment per board, and spent as allotted to the work universities, and other philanthropic and educa- of the organization. It is hoped that all the funds tional institutions in the United States is greater now paid by boards, agencies or individuals into the than for foreign missions. He concluded, there- budgets of either organization will be made available, fore, that the causes of the decline are not pecul- at least for the first years of the united budget. iar to foreign missions, and that if they indicate that anything is wrong with foreign missions they d. Adequate membership, on the Committee of Refalso indicate that something is even more seri- erence and Counsel, of women who are representative ously wrong with all home enterprises. of the organized women's work of the member boards.

To meet conditions that now prevail, and to e. Provision for carrying on essential interests now promote effectively foreign mission interest, the represented in the committees of both organizations. Conference made plans for a cooperative campaign by a series of interdenominational regional f. Provision for cooperation with other organizaconferences in various parts of the country. It tions concerned in the promotion of the World Day of was recognized that this would involve a larger Prayer and other items of joint interest in connection staff than the Conference now possesses. It was with women's work. deemed inadvisable, however, to make any addition to the permanent salaried staff of the Con- These recommendations were adopted. ference, and instead, the Committee of Reference The Chairman of the next Conference will be and Counsel was authorized to request some of Dr. Wm. 1. Chamberlain, secretary of the Rethe boards to liberate selected secretaries for a formed Church in America Board of Foreign Missions. The report of the Conference will be published later. We may say in conclusion that the meeting at Briarcliff was one of the best that has been held. It was characterized by a spirit of fellowship and the devotional services were deeply spiritual. The delegates separated with warmer hearts, fresh courage and stronger faith.

a Bomb Transformed

-'·~L;;;;;==;;;;M;;;;iS;;;;s;;;;iBo;;y;;n;;;E;ar;M;;;y;M;;;o;;A;;f;;;;Ht;;;;Oh;;;R;e;;;N;C_hI;;;N;u;;G;;rc;,;;;h=Pof=ithn;;;g;e;t;;i;Bn;;;g;r;,;;;e;S;;;hth;a;;;nr;;s;;ien;;;;,;;;;1;;;;9_08==I=;;;;!J~·'- "GOOD morning, Chang! Are you home "I received a terrible shock and I knew then again? I thought you had joined the that it was not the general in the tent that had army. When did you get 'back?" Mr. called me, but my Heavenly Father had called me and saved me from being blown into a thousand Chao had just arrived from a distant province pieces. I knew that God was watching over me where he had been in business and had not yet although I was such a poor weak child of His. heard the news of the village. In a flash His great goodness and my unworthi- ness overwhelmed me and I fell on my knees out "0 yes, I have been back a year. I don't think under the open starry sky at midnight and poured much of the army. It's no place for a Christian." out my gratitude to Him. I then and there con- secrated myself fully to His service." "Are you a Christian?" asked Mr. Chao in surprise. "When did you take such a notion? Chris- "That was a narrow escape," said his friend. tianity is a foreign religion and we should have "What did you do after that?" nothing to do with it." "I did a good deal of thinking and praying, "I joined the church over three years ago," and the more I thought the more I was convinced said Chang, "and when we become Christians we that the army is no place for a Christian. What are supposed to cut out all bad habits. You know does the soldier do but eat up the grain of the I was always the black sheep of the family and hard working farmer and run up the price of all had plenty to cut out. My relatives did not ob- food? He gets most of the taxes for his wages and helps the numerous generals to get rich and ject to my being a Christian for they were only continue the unsettled condition of China. There is nothing constructive in this military business. too glad to have me reform. One day I decided It is all destruction-destruction of life and to enter the army for I never did like work and morals; destruction of agriculture and business; despised farming particularly. A soldier usually destruction of churches and schools; destruction gets pretty good pay and plenty to eat. If there of art and science. is hard work like digging trenches we get the farmers to do that. We seldom get into fighting so there is little real danger. Then it is easy to turn bandit and plunder wealthy homes and take away their treasures. You can even capture for- "I asked for leave of absence and came home, eigners and hold them for heavy ransom." determined to do a bit of constructive work. I went to work on our farm in earpest-something "If being a soldier is such fine business," Chao that I had never done before. We had a fine crop exclaimed, "why didn't you stay in the army?" -enough for our family and some to sell to help out during this dreadful famine. My family and "Wait till I finish. Didn't I tell you that the neighbors were greatly surprised at my changed army is no place for a Christian? Things went attitude and conduct, and they listened to all I well for a few months, but finally we got into had to say about Jesus, God's delegate from the some fighting and a number of my comrades were courts of heaven. The Bible was a new book to killed and some wounded. That made me think a me, and prayer was a vital force in my life. My bit when I lay down to sleep. wife and neighbors became interested in Chris- tianity, and when the missionary came to our "One night we heard the boom of distant guns village a number of them joined the Bible class. and the occasional crash of a shell. By midnight This spring my wife and three of the neighbors everything seemed quiet and we were all sleeping went to the city and were baptized, so that we are soundly when suddenly I heard a call, 'Chang Chiu starting a Christian community at this place. Tang! Chang Chiu Tang!' I was sleeping not Christianity stands for industry, morality, edufar from the general's tent and supposed he had cation, spiritual development and reconstruction called me; so arose quickly and went to him and along every line for the individual and for the asked what he wanted. To my surprise he said village as well as for the whole nation. This quiet he had not called me, so I went back to bed again village life, working for God is a taste of heaven. and was scarcely asleep when I heard the call I would rather work for the Lord here than for the second time. I again got up and went towards the best general in the largest army in China." the general's tent, but had not gone far till a bomb fell in the very place where I had been sleeping and tore a hole a foot deep in the earth.

[ 92 ]

Difficulties in

" M" i" n" ne" S" o" ta=; ; ; ,IT~o,_ -.o+_aLt.=lB""y=th""e""R=E""V""A."m"Ae""r."i"cMa=n.""ML"u"AtNh="e"Nr"a"En""S"C"'""oJ"n"af"e"Crke""Sn""cOe""n,,,,'

CHINA with her teeming millions, compris- ing to put into effect the newly-acquired theories. ing over one-fifth of the world's population, This is especially true of that group which has is no longer the staid, conservative nation come into contact with Russian Communism. known to history for centuries. The self-suffi- First on the list of the objectives of the Nation- ciency which has been her dominating spirit for alists is the attainment of nationalism for China.

thousands of years has had a rude awakening; She is aware of the fact that the nations holding upheavals, which in other nations and continents concessions acquired by force will not relinquish have been spread over decades and even centuries, them on a mere request. Dr. Sun Yat Sen invited have in China been massed to- Russian aid in 1924 for the gether within a quarter of a training of military officers, century and have shaken the China is today one of the and opened the Nationalist nation from center to circum- most perplexing and difficult party to communists and their ference. mission fields in the world. propaganda. When this influ- China is still in a state of What are the chief problems ence permeated a large portion flux and there is every reason and how can they be met? of the social order, and united to suppose that unsettled con- Shall we retreat or seek to with the New Thought Move- ditions will obtain for many conform to the demands of ment that has captured the years to come. The nominal the opponents of Christ? minds of the thinking young peace and safety which mis- Shall we be satisfied with giv- men of China; it was inevitable sionaries enjoyed for many ing to the Chinese only tem- that a critical attitude towards years after the Boxer rebellion, poral and material aid? Mr. life would develop and that suddenly came to an end when Mannes ably answers these they would adopt radical meas- the Chinese clamored for the important questions. ures to attain their ends.

realization of her national The old slogan, "China for rights. The aim of a unified the Chinese" has become a real China has been the objective of the leaders since war-cry, and the leaders have resorted to military the revolution of 1911. efforts to carry out the aims and hopes of the "China has started on a journey to her promised nation. Knowing that the Christian Church in land," said Dr. T. Z. Koo in 1930. "She has not China was the result of missionary work conduct- gone very far; in fact she has taken but two ed from a foreign base, and under extraterritorial steps: she has decided to go and she has moved rights granted foreign nations under protest, the outside her city gates." mission work became one of the objects of attack.

For decades the imperialistic nations of Europe Especially was this the fact where the communists coveted concessions in China and exacted them were in the ascendancy. Accordingly, missions by military force, while China was lying helpless, have suffered untold hardships in the territories unable to defend her natural rights. During the where the powers-that-be have been indifferent or last twenty-five years there has been a new day hostile to Christian missions. One of the sad dawning for the Chinese. Hundreds of the most events in the modern history of Protestant mis- intelligent youth of the land have attended Amer- sions in China was the forced exodus of the mis- ican and European universities and some have sionary force in 1927, the arrest, the torture and studied in Japan. As a result the modern spirit martyrdom of many of the native workers, and has become part and parcel of their new world the wholesale destruction of mission property.

viewpoint. They have not been slow to imbibe the Some said that the time was not auspicious for teachings of radicalism, as these are being pro- further work in that field, but many of the faithful mulgated in many of the leading institutions of missionaries were not so ready to lose heart and the world. In their efforts to make intellectual as soon as opportunity offered they returned to and political, as well as social readjustments, they their stations.

are striving for national leadership and are seek- At present most of the missions are readjusting [93 ]

themselves, but are not yet able to carryon the It is deplorable that, in seeking to bring the work on the scale that obtained previous to 1927. life-giving message to the Chinese people, we are The political condition is insecure, no group hav- also met with opposing intellectual weapons ing power to guarantee security. The mission forged in Europe and America, and that our work property that is used today may be confiscated is obstructed by policies that originate in the tomorrow. There is still considerable insecurity minds of men in our Christian countries, men as bandit groups are infesting the land, and almost who oppose the Gospel. We are no longer face without notice, missionaries may be captured and to face with a China that gets its first ray of in- suffer ill treatment ,at the hands of the captors. tellectual and spiritual light from the missiona- Many missionaries have had such experiences, ries. Neither do we find that the opposition to and large ransoms are demanded for their release the Gospel comes mainly from the ignorant and under threat of torture or death. the worshipers of man-made gods. The main op- Ever since Christian churches began work in position to the Christian message comes from the China, there has been an effort to train the rising intelligentsia who are well versed in the argugeneration. Primary and higher schools have ments that pagan America and Europe are hurlbeen established with the consent of the reigning ing against the Christian message. Moreover, power, and were left unmolested up to 1924. It they are attributing to the Christian religion the was considered that these schools rendered a val- selfish, corrupt, arrogant, criminal, imperialistic, uable service and supplemented what the govern- practices of western nations in their dealings with ment was able to provide. But when the nation the peoples of the Occident. To the noble minds became more nationalized in its educational policy, who are willing to see truth, proper enlightenment the National Association for the Advancement of can be given; to the perverted who are wrapped Education began to exert considerable influence up in the atheistic spirit of communism, the Chriswith the central Board of Education. Their ef- tian has apparently no avenue of approach.

fort was to limit the influence of Christian schools Apostolic Days and Now and colleges, and their attitude became one of hos- tility to mission schools. Truly there are difficulties in the way of bring- A factor which contributed largely to this ing the Gospel to the people of China, but there change of attitude on the part of the Chinese Gov- have been worse times in that country as well as ernment was the publication of a report by the in other lands, both in the near past as well as China Educational Commission, of which the late in the early times of the Church.

President Burton of Chicago University was The conditions confronting the apostles and chairman. After a survey during the years 1921 their successors were more hopeless still. They and 1922, the Commission recommended that the had no supporting sending church. Their own Christian schools in China "should be made thor- countrymen were their worst and most fiendish oughly Chinese, conforming to government regu- persecutors. When it dawned on the Roman em- lations and planned with a view to their ultimate perors that Christianity was not a Jewish sect control and management by Chinese." Immedi- but a new religion that threatened the very exist- ately a fear sprang up among the anti-Christian ence of the pagan worship and the abandonment forces "that education was too much in the hands of their costly temples with the shrines for the of foreigners and would lead to a denationaliza- various goddesses and gods, Christian lives were tion of China's future citizens." This resulted in not counted for much. At no court could they the threefold regulation of 1924: All Christian expect justice. No nation would intervene for schools and colleges must be registered; they them. The edicts of the emperors were final.

must be under Chinese control; attendance at re- The subtleties and the defiant reasonings of pagan ligious teaching and worship must be voluntary. philosophers were more than a match for the ordi- Later, in 1929, the Department of Education for- nary messengers of the Cross, if there was noth- bade all religious teaching and worship in the ing else to reinforce their efforts. Yet in spite elementary and junior middle schools. of all the obstacles known to Christ and the dis- The conditions of registration with the govern- ciples, the command went forth that they should ment are so rigid that, in faithfulness to the man- go into all the world and make disciples of all date of the Lord to teach all nations to observe the nations. The disciples went, not murmuring what He has commanded, many missions feel that as though they were sent to the slaughter, but they cannot comply with the conditions for regis- rejoicing because they were counted worthy to be tration. We are thus greatly hampered in our ambassadors of Christ. There were times of de- plan to train native leaders for the Church, and pression and seasons of apparent defeat, yet they are cut off from one of the greatest means of ap- persevered and planted the torch of the Gospel proach to the non-Christian families. light in Asia and Europe throughout the Roman

1!)33] OVERCOMING DIFFICULTIES TN CHINA 1)5

Empire and peaceably wrested the implements of enduement with Power from on high. We cannot torture from the hands of the emperors and se- take for granted that we already are in posses- cured the right to live in security and to preach sion of the promised gift. If we have ceased to the Good News. reckon with flesh and blood and are ready to make In a time like the present, when men are wor- the supreme sacrifice both as a sending Church, ried about the economic outlook, fearing lest the and as outgoing missionaries, then we give evicountry and the world might suffer a financial dence that the love of God constrains us; the collapse, and when the engines of war are in Holy Spirit is at work. If He is permitted to danger of being let loose again in the Orient, we call and empower the messengers, then He can reare in danger of facing the problem in a state of move mountains of obstacles; what seemed insurmental and spiritual depression. If the spirit of mountable barriers will then become steppingdefeatism gains possession of the missionary force stones to success.

as well as of the sending Church, our efforts will Have We Understood? end in disaster. We must face the fact anew that the devil has not gone out of business; the work When we note the seeming insignificant results of foreign missions has much of the nature of a and stand aghast at the sight of the ruthless de- continuous warfare with the accompaniment of struction perpetrated by enemy forces, we won- loss of life and destruction of property. A na- der whether we have misunderstood the Master.

tion that goes to war does not sue for peace at the Were our success to depend on the transformation first little reverse or the second. Any nation ex- of nations, large or small, we would have reason pects that there will be considerable losses, for in to despair, because the achievement of one decade many cases the lines are evenly drawn. The ene- may be laid in ruins in another. We need to read mies of Christ will not declare a truce. "We carefully the command of the Master: "Go and wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against make disciples." He did not state the number.

principalities, against powers, against the rulers In the Apostolic Church "the Lord added to the of the darkness of this world, against spiritual Church daily such as were being saved," and Mark wickedness in high places." We need therefore closes his Gospel with these significant words: to "put on the whole armour of God, that we may "And they went forth, and preached everywhere, be able to stand against the wiles of the devil." the Lord working with them, and confirming the For such a task as we face in China, the Church word with signs following."

must not take counsel with reason alone. God In the light of these plain words, it is evident has given us common sense, enabling us to act that we have not labored in vain. J ames, the wisely in the various emergencies that may arise, leader of the Church in Jerusalem, giving his verbut the task of firmly planting the Church of dict in the controversy about the admission of the Jesus Christ among the Chinese will never be Gentiles, into the Church, stated that "Simeon accomplished by human agencies alone. "Not by (Peter) hath declared how God at the first did might, nor by power, but by my spirit, saith the visit the Gentiles, to take out of them a people for Lord of Hosts." His name." The program for the Church, there- The task before the early Church was so vast fore, is clearly to adhere to the plan of work that it would have thrown a twentieth century mapped out for us by our Lord and acted out for Christian assembly into a panic. Yet our Lord us by the apostles. This will direct us to the meant every word of the Commission, and the men source of spiritual power, and gives us a scriptural to whom the command was given understood fully plan of work.

the magnitude of the undertaking, but they knew Today, in our mission work in China, we may that the Lord who had commissioned them knew have to lie low in our educational policy, and use what He was about. What seemed to their natu- our time, forces and means in the spheres where ral reason an impossible task, assumed a different the message gains an entrance. The door is still aspect when they pondered the significance of the open for evangelism. While the anti-Christian promise added to the missionary command: "Lo, forces have made a great noise and have given I am with you alway, even unto the consummation the impression to the world that all China is de- of the age." termined to rid the land of the Christian religion, In the present emergency, we are prone to lay it is definitely asserted by Chinese, as well as too much stress on the material side of the under- missionary leaders, that the time is very auspi- taking and do not give due emphasis to the divine cious for direct evangelistic work. "The great aspect of the work. When our Lord said that bulk of the Chinese, especially the officials, the without Him we could do nothing, He no doubt gentry, the farmers and the business men, are had in mind such tasks as the one that confronts favorably inclined towards Christianity," says us in China. We shall need to tarry, awaiting Dr. C. Y. Cheng, in writing about the Five Year

Movement in China. This is no time for depres- In the present crisis, as well as in our future sion and retrenchment, but for a forward move. If we cannot use our teachers in school work for policies, missionaries must lose themselves in the which they were sent out, there is work that they can do in the field of evangelism. If they are not great task before them. They must enter wholepermitted to teach in schools they still have the opportunity to teach individuals. If they are not heartedly into the new program of making the fitted for this, then they will have to be replaced by others who have the zeal as well as the qualifi- Chinese Church a self-sustaining, a self-governing cations for direct Gospel work. and a self-propagating Church of God. There The present difficulties give us reason to ponder seriously the problem of tbe kind of missionaries must be a willingness to transfer leadership, as to retain and to send to the field. Many have not the zeal for the spiritual regeneration of the indi- well as ownership, to the native church as soon vidual, but are laying the chief emphasis on the by-products of Christianity, and are preaching as conditions justify such action. Missionary only a social gospel, seeking to transplant western civilization in the Orient. We need to be on guard pastors must be willing to be counsellors and mislest we fall prey to activities that do little more than bring to the Chinese a veneered paganism. sionaries-at-Iarge, rather than to be directors or A new day has dawned in China. To cope with to occupy a settled parish. Thus they will show the new problems, the Lord needs the men and women whom He has endowed with keen intellects themselves as the friends of the people. and Christian common sense. But above all they must have the gifts of the Spirit; they must be Crises like the present are many times blessings Spirit-filled. They need the best of both secular and Scriptural training, must have zeal for the in disguise. The Church proceeds along lines Kingdom of God, and love the people to whom they go. In the language of Paul, they must be all that are foreign to the true Gospel program and things to all men; they must be Chinese among the Chinese. In the building of the Church in that are often unsuited to the conditions in the China, they will bring Christ to these benighted people, and will seek to avoid everything that field. Institutions and churches are frequently needlessly arouses suspicion and opposition. reared that are of such character and dimensions that the native church is unable to maintain them.

Then in uprisings the anti-Christian forces lay waste values amounting to tens of thousands of dollars, because the property belongs to foreign- ers. In the interest of economy, efficiency and perpetuity of the work, the Church must stress more the spiritual side of the undertaking and be less concerned about whether the buildings con- form to European and American ideals. If we have the vision and the courage to trust the Lord of the Church and if we will bring Christ to the Chinese as Paul did to Asia and Europe, then the work of God will abide and the gates of Hell can- not prevail against the living witnesses sent with the Word of Life. .

i EFFECTIVE KOREAN PREACHING The following sermon notes by Rev. Yun In Goo, a Korean pastor, are reported by F. Borland. The subject was "Christ Crucified, the Power and the Wisdom of God."

"If we look at the Cross we see beyond the actual event a great work of God being wrought. It is a mysterious work, but like Paul we see in it the power and the wisdom of God.

"This power and wisdom was revealed first, in Judgment of Sin. As we see the 'sin- less Lord of Life crucified we are conscience-stricken, seeing for the first time our fellow- ship in sin with those who crucified Him. Humanity itself laid the Cross on His shoulders, and by that Cross humanity is judged.

"Second, in Grace. Judgment is never constructive; it never built up an eternal work.

If the Cross was a judgment it was a judgment of grace, and as such it is irresistible. Not the wrath only but the love of God was shown. The Cross is a new bond of love between God and man. Through it alone can we call God our Father and men our brothers.

"Third, in the new demands that God makes of us. Christ not only bore the Cross Himself, He commanded a Cross for His Church. Why then should we in Korea complain of our many burdens? Only by taking the way of the Cross can we truly become sons of God and followers of Christ.

"We have no power suffiCient for this task. For that very reason we must determine to know nothing among men 'save Jesus Christ and Him crucified.' Jesus Christ! The Power of God and the Wisdom of God." -The Korea Mission Field.

Only Missionaries in Bhot*

By the REV. E. B. STEINER, M.A., DharchuIa, via AImora, U. P., India Missionary of the Tibetan Border Mission BHOTIYAS are the aborigines of Bhot. Hin- invited us to tea and after these refreshments she dus, Mohammedans, Tibetans and Nepalis begged us to remain another hour, telling us that have settled in Bhot, and we are daily com- she would call the leading men of the town into her ing in contact with these five distinct races. Since reception room. To our amazement, after the Mrs. Steiner and I are the only missionaries in men had collected, this head woman asked us each Bhot, we are not limiting our activities to anyone to give a temperance lecture-a temperance lec- class. Dr. Martha A. Sheldon won converts from ture, requested by this head woman, in this land all five races during the eighteen years that she flowing with liquor!

labored here and although fifteen yeaTs elapsed At Nigerjo, at an altitude of 14,000 feet, is a after the death of Dr. Sheldon before our advent grassy plain where Tibetans meet Bhotiyas to in Bhot, the fruits of her labors are still evident. barter exports for imports. Some fifteen wealthy Twenty years have now elapsed since she was laid Tibetans with 7,000 mountain sheep had come in that rugged grave on the mountainside above twenty days' journey over Lampya Pass, 18,000 her mission compound in Dharchula, but go where feet high. We had scarcely pitched our tent when one will throughout Bhot, and the name of Dr. these Tibetans collected. Although hungry and Sheldon is heard as if she had died only yesterday. tired, for we had no food since morning, and had Accompanied by two evangelists we recently traveled on an ascent of 2,000 feet, we sacrificed made a tour in upper Bhot. For miles along the food for a service. They purchased all the remain- Tibetan Border crowds collected three or four ing Tibetan Scriptures and offered double price times as large as in the previous year in the same for my Tibetan hymn book. I never saw such a villages and listened eagerly to the message. Fre- hunger for Scriptures and I thought of Jeremiah quently the audience was reluctant to disband at 15: 16. They said that they would take these the conclusion of the preaching. At our outsta- Scriptures with them to their homes in inner tion, Baum, the crowd asked each speaker for a Tibet. Mine was the first white face they had ever second message, and called for song after song. seen.

We had taken with us twelve pounds of the Mrs. Steiner and I have now been going into Scriptures, thinking that we had sufficient for the Nepal over two years without asking permission entire tour, but these were sold before the tour of the Lieutenant-Governor. The last time we was half completed. went as far as we wished to go, and upon our re- Our medical supplies were exhausted long ere turn called on the Lieutenant-Governor to pay our the tour was finished. At Gunji, eleven miles respects and he was more friendly than ever be- from Lipu Pass on the Tibetan Border, within one fore.

us hour thirty-five goitre patients called and eight In 1930, the Tibetan Government, sanctioned by for tooth extraction. At Garbyang we crossed the Delai Lama, granted a pass into Tibet to over into Nepal and entered the village Changru. visit the great Kumb Mela at Mt. Kailas, sixty Seating ourselves in the market place we opened miles inland. It was the privilege of Mrs. Steiner our medical case and soon a large crowd collected and myself, accompanied by six Christian men, to to whom we ministered and told the story of the cross over Lipu Pass at 16,750 feet altitude, and Great Physician. The head woman of the village spend twenty days in Tibet under the protection of two Tibetan rulers. We not only visited Takla- * 1930 was a memorable year for "Bhot," on the Tibetan and kot and its great lamasery of 300 monks but also Mt. Kailas and the Lakes of Mansarowar and Nel>al borders, Ul> in the Himalaya Mountains. Rakastal, the most sacred region in all Hindu lit- erature. We. made the pilgrimage of 25 miles, On February 10th Nel>al ol>ened to us I>ermanently. circumscribing Mt. Kailas at an altitude of ovel' On Al>rll 16th came our passport from the Tibetan government 18,000 feet. The most sacred experience inside to enter Tibet temporarily. Tibet was when we visited the lamasery at Takla- . On June 19th the king of Askot granted a lease for land in Dharchula. On July 9th Mrs. Steiner and I crossed over Lipu Pass and entered Tibet, remaining inside for 20 days. Medical work opened to us the doors of both countries, Tibet and Nel>al, still closed tight to Europeans, missionaries and the Gosl>eJ.

E. B. STEINER.

[97 ]

kot. To our surprise several lamas began to sing thought that cheers his heart. In the Pentateuch a Christian song which they heard us sing in tour he finds some things in common with Lamaism.

on the Indian side. They followed us as we left, He married a daughter of Tibetan Christians and pleading that we sing for them. Standing beside for some time they found it difficult to live the that great lamasery in that land closed tight to Christian married life. They have become recon- the Gospel, overlooking a large river valley below, ciled to the Christ way, and now he rejoices in his four of us sang a Tibetan Christian hymn. Our Saviour, takes his share in meetings, teaches the souls were lifted to greater heights. Tibetan side of the class in the Sunday school, and Among our Tibetan converts three years ago tells others to follow the Saviour. It pays to carry is a lama who spent twenty years in one of the the Gospel to the Tibetans.

larger lamaseries in Lahasa. When he came over The unfinished missionary task is to dot the map Lipu Pass and down into Tibet and in contact with of Bhot with outstations, several schools, in- our Tibetan Christians, our religion appealed to creased medical work, an indigenous church, win- Him. He became a follower of Christ. During ning of the five races in Bhot for Christ, and a his period as an inquirer, he was put to a severe flaming desire on the part of our Christians to test. This man had never worked with his hands. reach the inhabitants of the land. In evangelistic, First he was put to work in the garden to till the educational and medical work, the watchword is soil. But after a few days he quit saying, "Worms, "Forward."

worms, worms, everywhere." Lamas do not take Bhot, Dharchula is a strategic center at the life. He was given loads to carry, but this soon crossroad of the five races. But our aspirations proved too burdensome. Next he was given op- are not limited to Bhot. With outstretched hands, portunity to teach the Tibetan language and in the right into Nepal and the left into Tibet, ready this he took a delight. He now searches the Bible to render aid and to carry the message of salva- and his face shines when he comes across a new tion, our faces are turned towards Lhasa.

WHO SAYS RETREAT?

In 1927 mission work in China halted, for the Soviet influence had gotten a grip on China. The revolution took a decidedly anti-Christian turn. Mission schools were incited to revolution. Noble Chinese pastors were killed-in one case by stoning. In Nanking city, John Williams was shot dead. A number of other missionaries were killed, and others had to flee.

As we concentrated in the port cities for a year, there was deep heart-searching. Could we ever get back to our stations? Had our Christians apostatized? Was our work ended? The 8,000 missionaries of China were reduced to 5,000.

Facing these conditions, two notable steps were taken. The China Inland Mission boldly called for two hundred new workers-who have since gone out, finances also being provided for their needs. Then the Presbyterian Church of China called on the evangelical elements of all denominations to unite. There was formed the League of Christian Churches, which now represents some twenty-eight organizations and 75,000 members. One of the first steps taken by this League was to issue their "Challenge to Faith," signed by ninety- one leaders-Chinese, American, British, German, Scandinavian, Presbyterian, Anglican, Methodist, Baptist, Lutheran, Mennonite, and many other beliefs. It was a ringing call to go forward in the face of every obstacle in faith, and was published throughout America and Europe.

In the last five years we have gone back to our stations, even the most distant ones, and the work is going forward again. We found the Chinese Christians standing the strain nobly. In one province alone seventeen or eighteen Chinese pastors were killed. The Com- munists said that these Christians would not join their party and there was nothing to do but kill them. As for the missionaries, many brave men and women received the martyr's crown. Yet to the amazement of the world there is no faltering.

Now the churches in America are going through their period of testing. This business depression, apathy in religion, indifference about foreign missions are part of the apos- tatizing and revolutionary movement which flowered in the organizing of the Soviet. The falling off in contributions is largely due to a relaxation in the strength of our convictions. But the heart of the Church is sound. She will rally. The martyrs on the field have not died in vain. Christ Jesus, our Lord has not died in vain.

HUGH WHITE, D.D., in The Christian Observer. Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO l ~,–,—-",-~~—-==—-======~=======—-~……………——-,~, PLANS FOR PASTORS AND briefly from time to time. Here interest (China would be appro- is a project as worked out by a priate this year), members of CHURCH LEADERS Presbyterian church in St. Louis the various groups concerned and reported by Mrs. E. H. "Life is not Christian unless Silverthorn: were assembled in council to plan the celebration of India it has a world breadth of view A missionary council, called and a missionary sympathy at a world friendship committee, week in order to create an initial interest and a desire to study the heart." For most of us this was· authorized by the session country farther. On Sunday of thesis is no longer debatable. and organized. A representative the designated week, the pastor from each organization in the announced these plans fully and But alas! armed with current church and a specially qualified teacher or person from each de- talked in his children's sermon catch phrases such as "interna- partment of the church school about the little folks of India. were selected to be on the com- The ensuing Wednesday, the tionally minded," "world vi- mittee and to act as world regular church-fellowship day, sion," "world breadth," "world friendship superintendents for was termed India Day and an friendship," we sally for t h their respective groups. Each exhibition of borrowed curios, thinking to slay the monster of representative thus became a also of all available literature over-grown nationalism with a contact person for the purpose including the study books, was password! Missionary shibbo- of stimulating and enriching the attractively arranged on a long leths may help to create an at- table, groups of prepared helpmosphere but adequate motiva- entire curriculum along the line ers lingering about to explain, tion can be furnished by nothing of missions. demonstrate and create interest. short of an integrated program A large group of children came of missionary education corre- The committee first studied for a special India party at lating all parts of the church's the curriculum of Missionary which a young woman in gay machinery. This is a task re- Education as a whole, with a quiring teamwork between pas- view to fitting it into the total sari told stories of India; lantor and his department leaders. church program. It then formu- tern slides were shown of a spe- The mission study class, held for lated its objectives, studied the cial station, and finally the little six weeks each year and using interests of the various groups, folks were told to "follow the the excellent graded course of the channels, means and mate- leader" who took them in a long, instruction recommended by the rials available and outlined its eager line to the exhibit to look, Central Committee of the Unit- program of study, giving and ed Study of Foreign Missions ask questions and learn. In anand the Women's Council of activities. This program was not other room the children were led Home Missions and obtainable arbitrarily set up but was grad- in playing games used in India, with various modifications from ually built up as the interests of each denominational headquar- the groups were ascertained. It and then came refreshments of ters, is an invaluable factor; was thought that the beginning Indian dainties served them as but at best it is only one part to of missionary education was not they sat in a double circle on the be interwoven with the whole in the financial needs of the floor. plan-fabric, not as a missionary boards but rather in the interest patch to be tacked on annually in any given missionary project In the evening an Indian dinto other church activities. The on the part of the pupils….. . ner was served to the grown first essential aside from a mis- As a result of such interest- people, with Boy Scouts dressed sionary-minded pas tor and programs, missionary giving be- Indian style as waiters. A drachurch school superintendent is matic sketch was presented im- "an authorized group who can comes not an isolated procedure mediately after the dinner; and develop a correlated program but a part of the various proj- then, following a talk on the sitfor the entire church." Your de- ects-a sharing with people in uation in India today, plans were partment editor has secured.sev- far-away places in whom the elaborated for organizing a eral studies from churches which school of missions – called a are successfully working such children have a vital interest. School of World Friendship, for plans and will outline them The article goes on to tell how six weeks' study beginning the following Wednesday n i g h t . with India for their overseas [99 ] Groups of all the various ages prayers of the Bible; give with official designations carryand interests were formed under scriptural injunctions to prayer ing out such ideas as they care competent leadership, except or promises for its answer; to, harmonizing menus, table that the extended hour in the bring Bibles and give verses be- decorations and frequently church school was to be used for ginning with a certain letter of themselves by costume, with the the smaller children not avail- the alphabet, with a certain key-thought. able for an evening engagement. word, from a certain book of the The initial meeting in the The culmination came on the Bible. Use Directed Interces- autumn was entitled "Reciproc- Wednesday evening following sion. Have the members "Pray ity Day," with presidents and the close of the school, all who through THE REVIEW," taking other members from women's had participated· joining with the current number and having societies in the Santa Ana Asmembers of the church school in a group of persons pray for spe- sociation as guests. Rainbows one large assembly for a wor- cific needs that have appealed to of all sizes gleamed throughout ship period, each bearing his them as they read its pages or the social rooms, flowers, can- White Christmas Gift for some those of the denominational dles and streamers on the tables group in India for which inter- missionary magazine. Have mu- carrying out the same motif. est had been created, the Foreign sical devotionals in which the After the Rainbow Luncheon Mission Board having been pre- pianist plays softly one prayer and devotionals on "What God viously approached for a list of hymn after another with an in- Hath Promised – to Answer suitable presents. This project terval for silent or oral petition Prayer" (Matt. 6: 6; 7: 7-11), was not isolated but integrated between each two. a preview of the programs for into the entire religious program the opening year was given, of- of the church. TRACIN'G THE RAINBOW ficers and program chairmen marching to the stage carrying Majoring on the Devotional In their conviction that while crepe paper rainbows to give Service human obstruction may delay, their talks. These previews in- nothing can ultimately defeat, cluded the presentation of an Is there any divine sanction the purposes of God, members Americanization scene, a chilfor putting it at the beginning of the First Baptist Church of dren's scene, a Chinese tableau of a meeting instead of later, in Santa Ana, California, have re- and an Indian pantomime and the atmosphere created by a live cently brought out a most time- dialogue. The closing music was program? Or why not have it ly Year Book for their Woman's a solo, "The Rainbow Around interwoven with the topics, one Society. It is based on the Calvary's Cross." after another (previously noti- theme, "The Rainbow: God's fied) offering purposive prayer Everlasting Promise," the key- Attractive Programs at the close of each feature pre- note being: sented? Or why make it a hit- Successive meetings whose or-miss matter? Use a series of There is a rainbow in the sky, outlines may be helpful to our closely coordinated topics fitting Upon the arch where tempest trod; readers in developing this theme into the successive themes for for themselves included the folthe meetings; or successive God wrote it ere the world was dry- lowing: It is the autograph of God.

Its purpose as announced on chapters from a devotional book the title page is: "To see the "Americanization," with a such as Mrs. Montgomery's rainbow of God's everlasting "Friendly Luncheon," the host- "The Bible and Missions," Fos- promise still growing through esses b e i n g "Our Mexican dick's "The Meaning of Prayer," the clouds of 'These Days.' Gen. Friends"-the food provided by Howard B. Grose's "Never Man 9: 14; Eccl. 7: 10." (Let all the church women being cooked So Spake," Mabel Thurston's the Gloom Purveyors harking by the Mexican guests. Devo- "The Open Gate to Prayer," back to "the good old days" re- tionals, "What God Hath Prom- Glenn Clark's "The Soul's Sin- fresh their memories as to that ised-to Lift Burdens." (Ps. 55: cere Desire," Hasting's "The latter passage!) 22; 1 Peter 5 : 7.) Topic, "Shar- Christian Doctrine of Prayer," Only the briefest bird's eye ing Our Rainbow of Promise" as well as the birthday book of view can be given of this beau- – a program demonstration your own missionaries, choos- tiful booklet, beginning with the with Mexican women in class ing prayer partners from the song for the year-HOur Bow work. month in question. Biography of Promise"-and outlining in Family Supper, for men, makes a strong appeal and prof- terms of modern efficiency the women and children with proitable devotionals may be based work for Missionary, Commu- gram put on at the evening hour on the lives of Livingstone, nity, Industrial, Social and by the children's and young Paton, Grenfell, Morrison, Jud- Young People's Service, the women's organizations. (These son, Carey, etc. missionary programs being, for functions are held at intervals Fresh life comes in departing us, the high lights. Throughout, all through the year and are from the beaten path. Ask luncheon titles are assigned by proving not only a marked so- members to name their favorite the program committee in har- cial success but a source of en- prayer heroes from Old or New mony with the topic of the day, lightening cooperation with the Testament; 0 utI i n e great the clever hostesses appointed missionary endeavors of the

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

younger folk.) "God's Promise says written in competition for "The Pll"omise of the Gospel" -for Children." (Provo 8: 17; a prize, the topic being "Peace," with its assurance that Jesus, Eph. 6: 1-4; Isaiah 53: 13.) "Prohibition," or something of the Light of the world, if given Topic, "Our Future Promises" the sort. Commissioners will be an opportunity, would m e e t -the boys and girls. in charge. August being a vaca- every need at home and abroad tion month, its place is marked -these and other optimistic Subject, China. Mandarin by the Promise of Rest, and the applications of the W 0 r d F e a s t (costumed hostess) . suggestive topic of "The Clear- brought quick response from the "God's Promise, His Presence." ing Skies." young people. A speaker stated (Isaiah 43: 2,5; 41: 10; Josh. that the depression might prove 1: 9.) Topic, "Clouds in the In September will be held a the best thing that ever came Orient"-facts about the dark Rally Luncheon, its ensuing to America, in that it showed side of China. Two "ambassa- program featuring "The Prom- up the prevailing sin and error dors" for leaders. Succeeding ise of Life Eternal" (I John 2: and threw us back on the subject, China, with Dowager 25; John 17: 3), and the annual world's only hope-the Gospel F e a s t (costumed hostess) . reports u n d e r the caption, of Goodwill to all Mankind. A "God's Promise – His Help." "Rainbow's End – The Pot of guest writes: "It was the most (Isaiah 41: 13; Psa. 32: 8, 10.) Gold," "Guides" designating the heartening thing I have seen or Topic, "The Rainbow through officers appearing in the annual heard for months." Why not the Clouds"-triumphs of the meeting. The huge rainbow try it with topics specific to your work in China. Program lead- used at the initial meeting will own community or your denomers termed Counselors. probably be placed to terminate inational missionary situation, in a large pot containing all the linking it up with the world- Another Family Supper with reports, the Historian taking wide vision and a plea for uniprogram by young people, the them out one by one as she versal Christian brotherhood? promise being for "Strength." reads her annual story. (Isaiah 26: 4 ; 30: 15; 40: 29- SUGGESTIONS FOR A 31.) Topic, "The Promise of At the close of this inspiring Youth." series is the stanza: SCHOOL OF MISSIONS Subject, "The Indian," with Be Thou the rainbow to the storms of Many churches hold their the luncheon termed a "Squaw life! world-friendship classes on six Council," the devotionals, "God's successive mid – week meeting Promise to Grant Our Desires." The evening beam that smiles the nights (called Family Nights) (Psa. 37: 4; Mark 11: 24.) clouds away, with a simple, net-cost supper Topic, "Rain in the Face," with for all, a class period for all two chieftains as leaders. And tints tomorrow with prophetic ages, then an assembly period of ray. half an hour following, this lat- The succeeding meeting was ter having a devotional service, also on the Indian subject, A Rainbow Banquet a stereopticon exhibit, an ad- "Heap Big Eats" for the lunch- dress, a dramatic sketch, a pageon, the "Promise of Peace" for The Baptist young people of eant or a demonstration to round the devotional (Isaiah 26: 3 ; eastern Wisconsin recently gave up and focus each lesson. Others P)'iril. 4: 7; John 14: 27; 16 : a banquet to neighboring young use the Sunday evening service 33) , and two Medicine Men lead- people's societies in the district hour for a like period. The ing out on the topic, "Rain Fin- which was calculated to miti- young people replace their usual ished." gate the depression-gloom over service from 6: 30 to 7: 30 with home churches and mission a study class, all others except- A "Service Luncheon" was fields alike. Invitations and dec- ing the younger children (who given at the ensuing meeting to orations featured the Bow of work out their projects in Sun- Promise. Crepe paper rainbows day school) coming in at 7: 30 fit the subject of White Cross "prepared and hung with con- for a fifteen-minute "sing," then summate art" shed a charming dispersing to their various study work (bandages, etc., for mis- glow over the scene. Rose paper groups. One pastor reports three sionary hospitals), the "Prom- coverings softened the lights classes meeting at the church ise-to Supply Material Things" and bright artificial flowers school hour, three at 6: 30 Sun- gave an out-door garden effect. day evening and one on Thurs- (Matt. 6: 28-33; Psa. 37: 3 ; A rainbow stripe extended down day in connection wit h the each expanse of damask table prayer-meeting. Inspiring serv- Provo 3: 9, 10), and the topic, cloth. A program of sprightly ices are usually arranged for the music and optimistic, trustful culmination of each "school": a "Rays of Service" developed by speeches shed hope and promise pageant dramatizing one or two Supervisors. An original through the world-clouds of de- more of the study books; shadow White Cross playlet will be pression. These clouds, on both pictures (very effective) pregiven. Home and Foreign mission senting an engaging missionary fields, were frankly admitted by theme or story, the lantern set A "Civics Program" with a the presiding officer; but the "Colors Luncheon" will fit into rays of cheer were dispensed by the July meeting. The Promise- the successive speakers on "The "To Direct Our Paths." (Prov. Promise of Enlightenment," 3: 5, 6; Psa. 37: 5.) "Diffusing the Light" as a topic will have for its heavy ordinance the reading of young people's es-

on the floor about 12 feet to the is to be reduced; an Interna- "THE MOON FOR PLANT- tional Dinner with tables elabo- 1NG COMES" rear of the tightly stretched rately decorated to represent various foreign countries, hosts This is a very effective pagscreen so as to symmetrize the and hostesses in native costume, eant written by the author of figures, each participating group each table entertaining as guests the study book, "Lady Fourth carrying on and off its own of honor all the nationals of its Daughter of China" as a visualproperties for speeding shifts, variety to be assembled from the ization of the theme. community and furnishing its the reader of the narrative at own appropriate quota to pro- Price 20 cents postpaid, direct from the side or front giving the explan- author, :VII'S, Nlary Brewster Hollister, 150 gram, etc. )I, Sandusky St., Delaware, Ohio, atory text in advance of each scene, the lights in auditorium being turned off when visibility HOW WE CELEBRATED CHRISTMAS By IRENE MASON HARPUR, Moga, Panjab An Intimate Picture of the Jf/ay a Missionary Family in North India Spends Christmas so as to Manifest the Spirit of Christ Can you picture us in North India on Christmas Day? The dominant atmosphere of the picture which has impressed us as we have come again from America to our own adopted country has been the ,dominance of dust and disease. Dust is inescapable, monotonous, heavy on our furniture; choking as we ride on some errand, on' a two-wheeled cart; dis- couraging as we walk at dusk along the highway to "eat the air." Then disease-so much sickness about us-everyone, at one time or another, down with malaria, or influenza, pneu- monia, tuberculosis or typhoid. When oh, when, can we solve this health problem? Christ came that they might have abundant life. How are we, with our meager equipment, to give that life to these villages and this mission school, for which we are responsible? Pray that on Christmas the strength of the little band of Christian workers and their families will be renewed and consecrated!

But our Christmas is a joyful time. Our boys, Edwin, Mason and sometimes Don, attend several dramas, and other entertainments prepared by the different classes as their Christmas projects. Our own home is dismantled of curtains to clothe the Three Wise Men and all our toys go to furnish a "manger scene." There may be the Santa Claus puppet show or movie which Don, the youngest, is so eagerly planning to make to show "how Santa Claus gives toys to the poor children in New York." There may be an exhibit of crude toys made by the school boys for village children. On Christmas eve we all visit our friends the other missionaries and the teachers' families, taking simple gifts. Then comes the trimming of Christmas trees in our own and the other homes where there are small children. We use a small branch of a tree with gray-green needles. It is rather dusty, droopy, and unsymmetrical, but, when brave with candles and paper chains, it really looks like a Christmas tree. The boys begin weeks before to make decorations and help their friends with theirs.

Early Christmas morning, probably by 4: 30 or 5: 00 o'clock we are wakened by the caroling of groups of schoolboys. We invite them in to the open fire in the boys' room and treat them with oranges as we sing English carols in reply to their Hindustani songs. Then we dress and have breakfast. Our table is decorated with the Indian painted animal toys which have delighted us years back. Friends and servants crowd in, and the Christmas story is read (Hindus, Mohammedans and Christians listening with reverence). A procession is formed and the Christmas room is thrown open. The Christmas tree candles are lighted for a minute, then blown out, because of fire danger. Then we pass around gifts for the servants and their children and exchange simple home-made gifts. There is one big toy (a wagon) for Don, a surprise brought from America, and some books for the others. The boys might be expected to look back at the rich Christmas in New York, with longing. But though they remember wistfully the radio, the lights and the toys dependent on electricity, we get the other gifts and enjoy them anew. Through the day groups of schoolboys and small friends from neighbor families come in to share the fun with the chemistry and magic sets, the picture books and the tricycle. In the afternoon is the great school-party, when Don and Billy Duff, dressed in Santa Claus costumes have the exciting joy of giving out 190 gifts from "the Five and Ten" which the Central Church School money and a class in Woodward Avenue Church Sunday School made possible. We feel ashamed when we see every boy so happy with one ten-cent gift. We hope that we may all have strength and willingness through the Christmas vacation week to give of ourselves and our time to those about us that they may share in the Christmas joy.

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! BULLETIN OF i The Council of Women for Home Missions I ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~"~~~_"""",,,-,-=–=—-~~~=~—==-=~ CHILDREN PRAYING understand how they must feel learn from us the best we know and to do to them as we would and love? "Let us not forget, 0 God, that 'IlWny like to have them do to us if we of your black children, our broth- were in their places." They ask "Where Are You Going, ers, work long hou1's in the cot- for help "to hear and obey the Great-Heart ?" ton fields and mills while we are voice of conscience." They con- at school and play, sider children who "live in "Where are you going, Great-Heart," shacks and work long hours "To break down old dividing lines; Let us not forget, 0 God, that many picking vegetables"; those who To carry out my Lord's designs; of your brown children, our live "in dingy mining towns" brothers, live on less than three and "in unhealthy crowded tene- To build again His broken shrines," cents a day while some of us have ments." "Then God go with you, Great-Heart !", more than we need, "Help us to feel the unfairness and to "Where are you going, Great-Heart?" Let us not forget, 0 God, that many wm'k for justice and fair play. "To set all burdened people free; of your yellow children, our brothers, suffer pain, disease, and o God, we a1'e sorry things a1'e so To win for all, God's liberty; want with no one to help them To 'stablish His sweet sovereignty." while 1nany care for us, unequal in our world. Show us "God goeth with you, Great-Heart." how to nwke a bette1' world whm'e Let us not forget, 0 God, that many all Thy children 11Wy share Thy In the girls' program for the of your red children, our brothers, good gifts. World Day of Prayer, March 3, suffer poverty and neglect be- 1933, prepared by Miss Jessie cause of our unjust treatment, Hear our prayer, 0 God. Amen." Macpherson, of the Religious Education Council of Canada, Our Father, 11Wy we recognize all Foul' of Miss Applegarth's stories from for the Canadian Inter-Board boys and girls, no matter what "Merry-Go-Round" are given in abbreviated Committee of Women's Mission- the color of their skins, as Thy form in the printed programs. They are ary Societies, the girls respond children, and may we treat them printed in three colors, blue, pink and to the call to belong to the great as our brothers, goldenrod and can be secured for one cent company of men and women and apiece, $4.50 per thousand, from either the boys and girls who in all coun- Hear our prayer, 0 God, Amen," Federation or the Council office. tries and through hundreds of centuries have answered Jesus' In this Service of Worship "Silent Night, Holy Night," call, "Follow Me." prepared by Margaret Apple- and the child in the midst of the garth, Mary Moore and Frances Christmas festivities! A month In the program the two great S. Riggs at the request of the and more have passed since the commandments are considered, Federation of Woman's Boards celebration of the Coming of the and the young people pray toof Foreign Missions, and the Christ Child. Have we forgot- gether for their homes, church- Council of Women for Home ten? Are we grown-up Chris- es, schools, place of work, and Missions, the children are taught tians doing all that we can to for their nation. the meaning of the word "medi- protect the little ones from our tation." After prayer by the grown-up worries, hatreds, dis- "0 God our Father, teach us to children for "all boys and girls, putes, and what not? Or are we pray at this time for our country; no matter what the color of their giving them daily the rightful for all who have control of her desskins," they pray that God their joys of childhood-to play and tiny and for all who are leaders in Father "will help us to put our- sing and laugh and dream, and selves in the place of others. to [ 103 ]

the making of public opinion. Grant a For this situation, the group speak for themselves-particunew spirit in us that in the midst of urged the securing of accurate our national perplexities and prob- information by the church mem- larly this year. Names of Chrislems, our search for the truth may be bers; the information can then tian Indian leaders and speakers more than our desire to guard our are also available. be used for intelligent and ready rights.. …. .Help us to make the wel- action on the part of the older Te Ata is from the land of the fare of all, the supreme law of OUj" American citizens of the com- Chickasaw nation in the old Inland. Help each of us to be worthy munity. dian territory. inheritors of Thy gifts, so that we Ella Cara Deloria, whose ar- 1nay 'transmit this nation . … greater, better, and more beautiful than it was The conference of church lead- ticle and picture appeared in the transmitted to us.' Amen." ers was on "The City and the Special Indian number of the SHE LOST HER Church in the Present Crisis." MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE It was set up under the auspices WORLD, and Rosebud Yellow- ROSEBUSHES of the Home Missions Council robe, both speak for their people. and the Council of Women for Miss Jane Addams in her ad- Home Missions with the cooper- Reverend W. David Owl, Isaac dress "The City's Challenge to ation of the Chicago Church Greyearth, and Ralph Allen are Self-Government" in the open- Federation and the Federal also available. Write to Council ing session of the Interdenomi- Council of the Churches of Headquarters for particulars. Christ in America. national Conference held in Chi- "WHERE CAN I FIND -?" cago (November 29-December Besides the group studying the New Americans, there were In the year when the Amer- 2), told the story of the New groups who considered the local ican Indians, or Indian Amer- American who lost her rose- churches in the present crisis, icans as some folk call them, are bushes. During the present na- Protestant church strategy in being studied in places large and tional crisis the situation of the the fight for a righteous city, small throughout the United New American citizens is acute and family life in the city. States, persons keep asking in certain phases and demands where to find facts concerning special consideration, because The findings in final form can be secured they form a minority group con- from the Home Missions Council, 105 East 22d Street, New York City, New York, for sidered by many citizens as "in- lOco each. truders." TE ATA WHOSE NAME The New Americans through MEANS "THE DAWN" inability to pay taxes, or to meet payments, are losing their little the relations of the Indian, the home places in suburbs, or in country places. To one Italian Government and the church.

woman, who found friendliness Such questions are answered and help at Hull House, the in chapters VI, VII and VIII tragedy of it all was the fact of Lindquist's "A Handbook for that the two rosebushes, which Missionary Workers Among the symbolized to her that she had American Indians." Chapter succeeded in bringing to reality III gives in brief form the story her dreams for her family of a of pioneer missions among the new home in a new land, had Indians.

gone with everything else. There Mrs. Eliz.abeth Mann Clark was no place for rosebushes in says: "It is a book to keep with- the crowded tenement districts. in easy reach of the hand of One can easily imagine her sense anyone who meets the American of complete defeat as she must Indian through either reserva- now reestablish a home in the tion or city work. For the new overcrowded city. worker there is a brief history Another acute situation is the of missionary accomplishments fact that in our crowded cities, in the Indian field which begins the struggle for bread and but- most helpfully with the Indian ter through the securing of work rather than with the pioneer and odd jobs has accentuated missionary. This is followed by already existing un-Christian re- a challenging review of the pres- lationships between the older ent day emphasis."

and newer Americans into situa- The Handbook can be secured tions of unreasoning determination on the part of older groups In studying the situation of from the Council office for fifty to rid the community of respon- Indian Americans, the Joint In- cents.

sibility for newer groups, such dian Committee of the Home as, Mexicans, Filipinos, and the Missions Council and Council of "All people awake, open your more recently arrived Negro Women, are urging that we give eyes, arise."-Hopi In dill n groups. opportunity to Indian leaders to Prayer.

got stabilized. Many more will perish Evangelistic Band at

if China turns to communism. Russia Anti-Civil War League had the land; China has not the land. Equipped with nearly 100,000 The Chinese, while naturally a lovable tracts, booklets, posters, a stere- After elaborate preparations people, have fire in their nature which, opticon and a bright incandesthe Anti-Civil War League was if aroused, will sweep all before it. cent lamp, Rev. J. A. Poole and formally inaugurated by holding Once you get the Chinese mob above his wife, Christian Alliance misa conference of delegates from the boiling point, there is no cruelty, sionaries of Kwangsi, South 407 public bodies and bringing no torture, that they will not only China, with a native preacher together 1,075 representatives practice but enjoy. While communism and Bible woman, started on a in the Chinese Chamber of Com- means one thing in Russia, where it three months' trip which covered merce in Shanghai. According- has passed to its more constructive 665 miles and included the prinly, Chinese who are utterly stage, it is a different thing in China, cipal cities in the Kinguen diswearied of the constant civil tur- and I tremble for China for what this trict. The method was to start moil may have a mouthpiece may mean. out in pairs, taking a bundle of through which to articulate their tracts and visit from house to opinion, and hope is expressed New Religious Periodical house until evening. An evening that this league marks a starting meeting was prepared for by point toward the goal of peace. A new religious education posting notices. This usually For the past twenty-one years monthly in the Chinese language drew a crowd of from 300 to China has experienced warfare. is edited by the Rev. Newton Y. 500, and on an average 20 per- T. Tsiang, the Chinese church's sons responded to the appeal In spite of the large numbers co-secretary for religious educa- each night. No serious opposiof individuals, corporations tion. The paper's title for its tion was encountered except in public bodies and other organiza- first two issues was "Religious Hwai-yuen, where the crowd was tions from various provinces and Education Monthly," but a need attacked by robbers and broke special districts constituting the was felt for something more in- up the meeting; and at Liu-chen, membership of this League, it spiring. The spirit of the Orient where stones were thrown at the was successfully inaugurated has finally found expression in speaker. In some places, local within the period of two months naming the paper T'an Chi, the officials supplied soldiers to prewithout encountering any diffi- English equivalent being "Ex- serve order. culty, indicative of a widespread plorers to the Uttermost Parts." hatred of civil turmoil. Prom- -Alliance Weekly. inent bankers have declared Candidates Questioned their determination never to Annamese Church Growth lend cash to anyone bent upon When a new convert to Christ civil strife. Mr. Wu Ting-Chang, offers himself as a candidate for The annual report of the chairman of the Conference de- baptism he must be ready to face French Indo-China Mission of clared that the League will de- the church committee, deacons the Christian Alliance speaks of vote itself entirely to anti-war and church people. The pastor the steady development of the activities.-China Critic. usually asks a few introductory Annamese Church. There are questions and then others are now 23 main stations under the Progress of Communism free to question him. The fol- sole supervision of Annamese lowing are a few of the many pastors. After twenty years of Sherwood Eddy, after visiting asked at a recent meeting in effort there are now 113 regular twenty-one of China's cities Shaohing, as reported by Rev. chapels and 18 other places where communism is growing, A. 1. Nasmith. where 95 native workers are reports on the prospects of the preaching the Gospel, with a tomovement in that country: How many times a day do you tal membership of 6,647. A na- pray? tive pastor writes: "It is re- The communists have now a strong- markable how many have been hold in central China, holding prac- Are you willing to contribute to the brought to Christ by seeing how tically all of Kiangsi province. The church? the Christians have been kept communists' method of taking a city strong in times of danger, sickis to wipe out all the propertied in- What influence of the Holy Spirit ness and distress." The Annadividuals, either by execution or by have you felt? mese Christians have pledged seizure of their property, and to re- themselves to send a missionary apportion the land, an acre to an in- If a non-Christian friend asks you dividual, and set up their regime. Ten to do for him something connected millions perished in Russia before she with superstitious practices, would you do it?

If your father dies will you permit any superstitious funeral practices?

Are you willing to be patient with your mother-in-law?

-Missions.

[ 105 ]

to the Mois of the Indo-China pilgrim on the Buddhist way work of the year. Most of the hinterland and are partly sup- had no song within him and J ap- delegates were young men who porting a mission boat that plies anese Christians would not be enthusiastically encouraged each the streams and canals of the so self-evidently more joyful other to press forward at this great unevangelized section of than Japanese Buddhists were it task. In December one of the not for their songs of thanksgiv- acquaintances made at the temnorthwest Cochin China. -The Sunday School Times. ing unto God. The Japanese perance rally, a wealthy farmer whistle a great deal, and Chris- living in a remote mountain dis- JAPAN-CHOSEN tian hymns are "on the air" trict, wrote, asking me to bring everywhere. From s imp I e my stereopticon for a three days'

Kingdom of God Movement hymns to anthems, such as the campaign. With a sturdy carrier Continues "Hallelujah Chorus," the step is for my lantern, blankets and oth- soon made; the average Jap- er baggage, we tramped for sev- The first three year Kingdom anese youth has more familiar- en miles through the snow, arof God campaign is at an end ity with good music than his riving at our destination long and Christian forces in Japan American confrere. This musi- after the hour set for the meethave decided to continue for an- cal interest closely hinges upon ing. However, the people gathother two-year period. Em- the missionary's daily task. ered and we made a temperance phasis will be placed upon rural, appeal which lasted from nine to social, educational and literary -United Church Record. eleven. On my way back to the evangelism. Responsibility for mission station I put in three promotion has been entrusted to Dictionary and the Bible days' speaking in schools and a commission of twenty leaders homes, and to the well-organized in the participating denomina- A new and comprehensive Young Men's Patriotic Associations, ten of whom reside in English-Japanese dictionary is- tions. One group passed me on Tokyo and will constitute an ex- sued by a Japanese publishing to another. ecutive committee. Dr. Toyo- house illustrates one influence of hiko Kagawa will continue as the Bible in Japan. This diction- -The Congregationalist. speaker and organizer for the ary has 1,855 pages containing movement throughout the em- 141,200 English words and 79,- Seed on Good Ground 500 phrases and examples of pire. both languages. It required My life in Pyengyang has twenty-eight years to edit it. been an effort to keep up with Fearless Testimony With great frequency the mean- the ever-ripening grain right at my door. Never enough work- Toyohiko Kagawa, when in- ings of the English words are vited to speak in a mass meeting illustrated by quotations from ers, never enough strength, nev- the Japanese Bible. Phrases and er enough appropriated grace, within the sacred precincts of sentences from the Bible are never enough money to meet the the Ise shrines, Shinto's most quoted not less than 1,500 times. consecrated sanctuary and leg- needs that are flung right at one. endary birthp~ace of the J ap- -Japanese Christian. The past three months have anese empire, delivered an impassioned evangelistic message. The Place of the Missionary brought us the greatest round of Bible institutes, special Bible At the close he gave his chal- At the All-Japan Christian conferences and revivals we lenge to discipleship with Je- Workers' Conference in Tokyo sus, to which 150 responded by (October 9 and 10), advanced have ever seen. Where we have signing declaration car d s. positions were taken with re- had a hundred at the study hours Among those present and deeply gard to peace, temperance and other years this year we have impressed were many priests of social reforms. In recognition had four hundred and where be- of the past, present and possible fore we had churches fairly filled the Ise shrines. Kagawa's medi- future service of foreign mis- they have now been packed and tations on Napoleon appeared as sionaries in Japan, it was de- running over. Hundreds of new follows in the magazine Kumo cided to prepare and publish a no Hashira (Pillar of Cloud) series of articles and books on believers have been added. Nevsome time ago: "Napoleon the place of the missionary in er before have the churches been Japanese Christianity. so filled with young people; totasted the sadness of victory aft- day they listen with great eagerer his conquest of Moscow. Now Interest in Temperance it is time for Japan to taste the ness to the best Christian messadness of victory. No victory Mr. C. F. McCall, of the Amer- sage one can give. ican Board, writes of the drink of the sword can conquer the problem in Japan, and the grow- In spite of hard times our soul of man." schools are full and overflowing. Our boys' high school took in a ing desire for temperance: new class of 130 boys, but 375 Music in Christian Circles took the examinations for these I attended a temperance rally places. Rev. F. Hilliard of the United near the center of our country In Pyengyang city we have Church of Canada Mission, be- work. The president of the or- seven self-supporting churches. lieves that the greatest musical ganization is a young Buddhist Another of these churches is gift to Japan has been the Chris- priest, whose local chapter re- located in the shadow of the $3,- tian hymn book. The religious ceived first prize for the best 000,000 plant just being erected

OUR WORLD,WIDE OUTLOOK

by the American Corn Products As a result a large number of Conditions in Micronesia Company. A few Sundays ago I people have turned from Hindupreached in this church which ism to Christianity, have de- One of the great stories of was built for 150, to a congrega- .stroyed their idols and have been American Boa r d missionary tion of 240, packed so they sure- baptized. The work is spreading service is that concerning the ly could not worship, though from village to village and not- Pacific islands. The Marshall withstanding opposition from group is about half-way between they gave the closest attention. prominent Balinese this move- the Hawaiian and the Philip- These were adults and there ment is gaining in momentum. pine Islands. Southeast lies the were 210 children waiting to get Gilbert Islands group. To the In East Sumatra in. One of these buildings south of the Marshall and east erected for 250 was packed with Two Dutch Mission Societies of the Gilbert Islands is Nauru. 500 the Sunday I preached. have turned over to the Rhenish All work in these islands is now Mission extensive Mohammedan under the London Missionary This is not the time to stop, regions in the midst of which Society. Rev. George C. Lockbut the time to begin. Not the they had scattered Christian wood of Jaluit, Marshall Is., time for cuts, but the time to congregations. American Meth- gives a glimpse of conditions. come to the help of the Lord. odists who have a chain of Chris- The harvest is not four months tian congregations on the east The population of the Marshall Is, away but even now in need of coast of Sumatra are in confer- lands is reported at 10,171 natives, greater faith, and funds and fa- ence with the Rhenish Mission and 310 foreigners, mostly Japanese. cilities to gather it. on the plan to combine their Of this number 3,084 are members of the Congregational churches, with at -Dr. John Z. Moore, in The least that many more in the member- Christian Advocate. ship of Sunday schools and Christian ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC churches wit h the Rhenish Endeavor Societies. Special emphasis Missionary Launch for Borneo will be given to the evangelistic effort church which already has a through all these organizations, fol- membership of 313,000. lowing the conference of teachers, pas- tors and other Christian leaders. An addition to the fleet of mis- New Bishop of Melanesia The average income of each adult in these islands is about thirty dollars sion launches for the Batang At Auckland, New Zealand, a new English bishop, Rev. W. H. a year. During the past year this Lupar Mission of the S. P. G., Baddeley, has been consecrated was cut to almost a third of that sum. for the diocese of Melanesia, a More than half the population are one has been made for the dio- long stretch of islands off the now definitely associated with Protescese of Labuan and Sarawak. It tant churches. was built in Sarawak by Malay northeast coast of Australia, with a population of about 500,- -Bible Society Record. workmen and of local timber, with an engine shipped from 000, of whom more than 141,000 "Miracle of Lanao" England. This little craft, 28 are Christians (30,000 Roman Much has been written of Dr. feet long, set out within 48 hours Catholic). The diocese has work Frank C. Laubach's system by after its completion, with an on more than thirty islands and which a man may learn to read evangelist, teacher and catechist within two or three hours, and visits still others with the mis- is called "The miracle of Lanao." to find a site for a new school. sion ship, the Southern Cross. This work has reached out to the Districts formerly visited infrequently now have monthly visits and new areas have been brought The new Bishop goes out to a farthest bounds of these islands. under supervision. An experi- staff of more than fifty mission- Dr. Laubach discovered that the mental school has been operating aries, clergy, medical staff, and key which he has developed is successfully for several months. women workers; about thirty applicable with modifications to Here and there along the main native priests and deacons, and other dialects. Already he has river, scattered Christians, may more than six hundred native worked it out for fourteen dianow form nucleii for future teachers. This is the diocese lects in this archipelago; it is where sixty-one years ago the being taught through the paswork.-The Mission Field. first Bishop, the Rt. Rev. John tors, Christian teachers and Patteson, was martyred in re- workers throughout the prov- Bali, .the Wonder Island This island noted for its venge for the kidnapping of na- inces. It has spread around the beauty and romance, was until tives by English vessels. Old world. Twenty Spanish-speakrecent years without any mis- mission reports contain grue- ing countries in South America sions. The Dutch Government some tales of cannibalism in and Mexico and the islands have was opposed to Christian work these regions. The diocese is one adopted it. Egypt is asking for on the island. A year ago a of nine which make up the An- it. Africa wants it. It has been Christian Chinese obtained per- glican province of New Zealand. worked out and is being used in mission to preach the Gospel The New Zealand Anglican Singapore, Bombay, and Siam. among the Chinese immigrants. Board of Missions carries on Dr. Laubach has completed the Now the first converts have been work not only in Melanesia, but key for the Syrian language, and baptized, among them two native also in China, India, Japan, Af- now he is working on the Amoy men whose mothers were natives rica, Polynesia and Jerusalem. language for use in China. -Living Church. -Missionary Herald. while their fathers were Chinese.

Hawaii's Many Races Tamil Woman at Wellesley the nation:,; lJordering upon this ocean." The number of native Ha- The Faculty of Wellesley Col- -Presbyterian Banner. waiians has steadily decreased lege has been augmented this until they constitute 0 n 1y a year by a Christian woman edu- Missionary Pilgrims Colonize minor part of the population. cator of India, Miss M. Evan- White Americans living on the geline Thilliampalam, M.A. and In Claremont, California, is a islands are also a minor fraction. Ph.D., Columbia; M.Sc., Allaha- colony of retired missionaries The bulk of the population is bad, and head of the Biology De- called "Pilgrim Place." It commade up of groups from Japan, partment at Isabella Thoburn prises 20 acres and lifetime China, Korea and the Philip- College, Lucknow. This is the leases are given to retired mispines. Adult members of these first instance of an Indian wom- sionaries. They build homes and groups are not permitted to be- an on an American faculty. the colony takes title to these come American citizens, but Born in Ceylon of an ancient homes upon their death. It is their children b 0 r n on the Tamil family, her mother a partially endowed and is non-deislands are, by virtue of the fact, Christian and her father a Hin- nominational. The Rev. Arthur citizens. They are growing up du, she was educated in Jaffna, Henderson Smith of China was in the public schools and learn- and later at Isabella Thoburn there until his death. W. W. ing the English language. Under College, Allahabad University Peet of Constantinople for 42 such conditions Oriental reli- and Columbia University. years with the American Board gions, such as Buddhism and The Indian Science Congress is there. The Rev. Dwight W. Shintoism, are strong on the invited her to prepare college Learned, one of the original staff islands. Mormonism has thor- texts dealing with Indian speci- of the Doshisha in Kyoto, Japan, oughly established itself there. mens; her subject was the Sco- is there. He has decorations The opportunity of home mis- liodon, shark of the South Seas. from the emperor. Fifty-seven sions is to gather these boys and The result was of such merit years ago he helped found the girls into Christian churches, that Columbia University ac- Dozhisha. James W. McKean, and to train them in the Chris- cepted it as the dissertation for M.D., famous for his work in tian way of life. Fortunately, the Ph.D. in Science, and in 1929 Siam, and for his discoveries in these attractive young people Miss Thilliampalam came to the treatment of leprosy is anrespond most satisfactorily to America, passed the viva voce other. Of the 90 "pilgrims" in this evangelistic approach. The examination on her work and residence all have rendered dis- Methodist Board of Home Mis- was awarded her degree-the tinguished service. -Presbyterian Banner. sions and Church Extension is first woman of India to receive a entirely responsible for work doctorate in any science subject. Presbyterian Basic Budget among Koreans on the islands, -Christian Advocate. A basic benevolence budget of $10,000,000 for the Presbyterian while the Board of the Hawaiian "Friends of Jesus" Evangelical Association cares for work among the Chinese and The "Friends of Jesus" is an Church for the fiscal year begin- Hawaiians. American organization which ning April 1, 1933, was approved -Christian Advocate. owes its origin to Toyohiko Ka- by the General Council as fol- gawa, and is affiliated with his lows at its meeting in Chicago, NORTH AMERICA organization of the same name November 16: McAuley Mission Anniversary in Japan, whose purposes are Basic Budget, 1933-1934 The historic Jerry McAuley evangelism, peace, purity and Per Mission, at 316 Water Street, economic justice. Japanese, Amount Cent New York, has celebrated its Americans and Chinese, of sev- National Board. " $2,081,250 42.5 60th anniversary. This mission eral denominations, participated Foreign Board … 2,392,600 33.0 traces its history back to 1872, on Armistice Day in a commun- 18.5 Christian Education 1,341,250 Pen s ion s Board when Jerry McAuley, a con- ion service at 6 in the morning, (Relief Dept.) .. 362,500 5.0 American Bible Soverted convict, opened the doors with about 100 persons present, ciety ………. . 58,000 .8 of a little three-story building on mostly students, in Mount Holly- 14,500 .2 Water Street. The plans for res- wood Congregational Church, Federal Council .. .

cue work were laid by Jerry Mc- Los Angeles. This meeting was $7,250,000 Auley while in state's prison. inspired by a meeting of the Women's National Today, with its modern building, "Friends of Jesus" in Japan, and its addition known as the about which Kagawa wrote: Missions 1,375,000 Women's Foreign Markle House, which is used to "We met at 5 a. m. in order to Missions ……. 1,375,000 house needy men, the mission is insure quiet on the beach, and I Total …… $10,000,000 carrying on its work of helping was impressed that we were in The total of $10,000,000 is the the destitute. Last year in four the waters not merely of the In- same as for the budget for the and one-half months 40,786 men land Sea but actually in the wa- current year. The only change were fed and thousands were ters of the Pacific (at Minabe). is in the percentages allotted to helped spiritually and materi- I was praying with tears for the the boards. ally.-Presbyterian Advance. continuance of peace between -Presbyterian Advance.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Methodists' Home Mission Six engineering companies made cause of its elaborate system of bids for the construction; seven tithing, has been able to build Budget denominations have collaborated on a religious program for the new and imposing edifices and to A reduction in regular appro- community. The representative launch new enterprises. Within of the seven denominations is the past few years they have expriations from last year's $1,- "Parson Tom" Stevenson, a con- tended a friendlier hand toward 546,270 to this year's $1,036,670 secrated minister who is devot- other faiths, with a resultant demarked the annual meeting of ing himself singlehanded to the crease of opposition from withthe Methodist Board of Home out.-Presbyterian Magazine. Missions and Church Extension. task. Funds for a building have But conditional allotments of not yet been secured, and tem- Color Line Fading $767,395, bring up the total ap- porary quarters are being used. propriations to $1,804,065, were The Commission on Intermade. A new plan provides that The Sunday school overflows racial Cooperation recently iscertain appropriations are called into several buildings and eve- sued a study of trends in Negro "regular." On these the home ning service is held in the "mess progress. They find real gains fields can definitely count. Then, hall." A large proportion of the in the interest of the whites in after a careful scrutiny of pro- workers on the dam are rela- Negro health and education, and grams, certain items are added tively young men, but many are notable gains by the Negro in to be covered only on condition both. Hospital facilities are still that the money is raised by des- married, and the town has a poor but are improving, while ignated gifts. Formerly appro- large juvenile population. It is there is distinct gain to the priations had been in one sum expected that after the dam is Negro's advantage in the dispenfor different types of work, and sation of legal justice. The Comhad been practically guaranteed. completed there will still be a mission notes the significant de- permanent community at Boul- der City, and that this work will A Golden Anniversary be conserved in a permanent cline in lynching statistics from program. The Golden Anniversary of -Christian Advocate. the average of 100 or more for the Women's Board of Domestic 40 years, to an average of only Missions of the Reformed Mormon Growth Explained about one per month for the past Church in America was cele- several years. In the economic brated in the Marble Collegiate Mormons point with pride to field they find the colored worker Church, New York, on Novem- the i r phenomenal increase- increasing his skill, his financial ber 15. Corresponding celebra- from 6 to 600,000 in a century. independence and his status as a tions in New York, Chicago, Hol- In 1931 the financial records of worker.-Christian Century. land and Detroit, as well as the Church, the depression notsmaller gatherings in Classes withstanding, showed an in- Civil Rights for Indians and Missionary Unions, brought crease over the previous year of To remove 194,500 American out the fact that a great many from five to fifty per cent, vary- Indians from their status as women are actively interested in ing according to location. Sev- wards of the federal governthe work of carrying forward eral factors are behind this ment and grant them the civil the Christian message in the growth; family increase, which rights enjoyed by other citizens United States. T 0 day the the Mormon Church claims as is the object of a campaign for Board's activities stretch from the highest command of God; legislation, forecast in a pamthe Atlantic to the Pacific and the low mortality rate due to phlet entitled, "T h e Indian from Canada to Kentucky. Mrs. Utah's healthful climate; and Primer," just issued by the Sojiro Shimizu and two little proselyting, which is the first de- Committee on Indian C i v i I Japanese children from the Jap- mand of the Mormon Fathers. Rights of the American Civil anese Christian Ins tit ute Each year some two thousand Liberties Union. Support for brought greetings and a gift of young men and women go out at bills to achieve this end is being one hundred dollars, in gratitude their own expense, for at least rallied in advance of the 1933 for the Board's twenty years of two years, to gather converts. Congressional session. Only reministry to the Japanese people The procession still goes out and cently has any effort been made each year from 6,500 to 7,000 to change the civil condition of in New York. -Christian Intelligencer. proselytes are baptized from all the Indian. At every step, the Religion in Boulder City parts of the United States. The Union declares, that effort has cult has withstood change largely encountered the opposition of Since Congress authorized the because of its close-knit organi- the Indian Bureau and the Debuilding of Hoover Dam, atten- zation, its isolation, and its many partment of the Interior. Altion has been drawn to Boulder cooperative enterprises in the though an American citizen, no City, in the Nevada desert, a new way of social, economic and Indian ward can now make conand modern town, costing $2,- political privileges, to say noth- tracts, borrow money, draw his 000,000, with artificially cooled ing of special dispensations in' own money, bequeath property, bunk houses, a vast dining hall, the world to come. When all or hire a lawyer without perstores and a multitude of small other denominations are re- mISSIOn of the Indian Bureau's homes for workers with families. trenching, this cult, largely be- agents. The tribes must accept

the Bureau agents appointed for every 100,000 of the inhabi- tion of the entire population is them, even when the agents are tants." He claims that the Gov- critical. Churches and chapels paid from tribal funds. ernment had broken its promise throughout this entire district to soften the harsh application are proving a place of refuge. -American Friend. of the religious section in the Constitution in return for which -Women and Missions. Gospel Distribution in Canada promise the Pope had authorized the reopening of the churches Fruitful Preaching in Brazil An awakened interest among following their closing in 1926. young people in Toronto for ag- Instead, there had been fresh In Victoria, Brazil, Dr. Soren, gressive Christian work has led outbreaks of persecution and B apt i s t missionary, recently to the forming of a Gospel Dis- propaganda against the Church, preached a quiet, evangelistic tribution Crusade. Scores of a condition which "differs but sermon and gave an invitation. young people have pledged them- little from the one raging with- More than thirty people crowded selves to endeavor to give out a in the unhappy borders of forward and accepted Christ at copy of the Gospel of John daily, Russia." Nevertheless, the Pope the close. The speaker did not or an average of twenty in the orders priests to conform to the urge, nor plead, but simply gave month. With the Gospel they law by applying for their neces- the invitation, and the Spirit are also giving out a Gospel sary permits but to make clear moved the hearts of the people tract, and each volunteer is to all that such conformity does in a way seldom seen. asked as far as possible to give not imply approval of the antia Gospel testimony. Members Church legislation. -Watchman-Examiner. are requested to contribute 25 cents a month to cover the cost This was met by President The Problem in Yucatan of the Gospels. Rodriguez with a threat to close all churches and convert them Mr. L. L. Legters, field secre- -Evangelical Christian. into schools and shops for the tary for the Pioneer Mission working classes, "if the defiant Agency, Inc., reports conditions School Bus Is a Boat attitude shown in the recent en- in Yucatan after a visit there in cyclical continued."-Missions. October: In Alaska most of the roads are waterways, and boats are Havoc in Puerto Rico We found that the number of Inthe most useful kind of vehicle dians who can best be reached in the for travel. Rivers and inlets are Further details of the destruc- Maya tongue was at least 330,000. lined with Indian villages, some tive hurricane in September have This people is a superior tribe, proud big and accessible, others remote, come to the Presbyterian Board of their race, language and customs. all with children who need an of National Missions. One letter They look down upon all other peoeducation. Without a calendar comes from a native pastor, the ples, who, to them, are only Mexiit is difficult for parents to cal- Rev. Francisco Quinones, whose cans, while they call themselves Yucaculate the journey necessary for building, seating nearly 900, is tecans. At the beginning of the work their children if they are to ar- the first edifice built by Presby- in 1931 three workers were located rive at school on the opening terians in Puerto Rico. He re- in one center, but for the sake of day. The teachers at Sheldon ports serious damages to the reaching the greatest number possible Jackson School, of Sitka, found church which may necessitate the three new ones and one of the it difficult to begin with most of complete rebuilding. Eighty per other men have been placed in sepathe desks empty at first and cent of his people were affected, rate centers. In Peto, 45 are enrolled gradually filling as pupils drifted a great many of them left en- in Sunday school. Regular services in. So a plan was put into prac- tirely without homes. Suffering are held in five or six smaller towns tice that provides for two teach- is intense. The Rev. A. Archilla, near by. Congregations of believers ers to go with the Princeton, a superintendent of Presbyterian are being formed in each village, and National Missions boat, and col- missions, reports actual property they have no place for meeting. If a lect the children from their losses of $15,000, with a few sta- private house is used, it is subject to homes.-Presbyterian Banner. tions unheard from. confiscation by the Government, and there is no public place. There are LATIN AMERICA At Maleza Alta the manse was not more than four ordained men in unroofed and part of the porch all of Maya land, and they minister The Pope and Mexico blown away. The chapel at Mon- to Spanish-speaking congregations. tana was entirely destroyed, also This constitutes a real problem. The Pope has issued a sharp the pastor's little house. In protest against the Mexican Montana and Maleza Alta at -Pioneer Mission Agency. Government's restrictions as to least forty per cent of the memthe number of priests allowed. bers of the church are living out The Problem of Puerto Rico He cites one state where only one of doors with no shelter at all. priest is allowed for every 33,- Many of them have been sleep- Speaking of the immense in- 000, another where there is only ing in the church. About twenty crease of population in Puerto one for every 60,000, while in members of the Isabela Church Rico since 1925, Fred L. Brownthe well-known state of Vera lost their homes, and the situa- lee asks what one could expect Cruz only one priest is to "exer- from such an over-crowded, cise the sacred ministry for under-paid, under-fed, over-ais- eased, under-hospitalized, under- educated, religiously-dead race of people. He enumerates the basic problems of the Island in the following order: 1. Population–over eighty times the average per square mile for the United States.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

2. Economic – starvation wages there were subject headings. In have 124 European priests, with absentee capitalism. the months that followed, this monks and nuns, together with 3. Health-200,000 sufferers from 100 native helpers. In Togoland man and his wife became the over against 6 Protestant workmalaria, 600,000 sufferers from hook- nucleus of a small group of beworm, to say nothing of other dis- lievers in that far-off district. ers there are 25 priests, 11 eases. 4. Education-scarcely half provided for. Don Eufrasio had been living in monks and 15 sisters. companionate marriage about The French Government has 5. Religion-dominated by Roman fourteen years before his con- recognized the superior work of Catholicism. Mr. Brownlee believes that an version. (Companionate mar- the Paris Mission more and more intelligent educational program riage is very common in Bo- signally on account of its educato reveal to the Puerto Ricans livia). But, as soon as the tional and social program. This what is wrong with them phys- Gospel had touched his soul, was emphasized at the great ically, economically, morally and both he and his companion de- colonial exhibition in Vincennes religiously is the first essential. sired marriage. They came to last year. The Mission records Aiquile and were married and great progress, except in the Bible Reading in Bolivia baptized the same day. Senegal. In French Cameroun -LESLIE M. SHEDD, in The Early in 1930, a Quechua Bible Society Record. two new stations have been opened and the number of farmer, Eufrasio Pardo, living Bread Upon the Waters church members increased from twenty-five miles from Aiquile, Bolivia, came to the Bolivian In- A Wheaton College student 20,000 to 35,000. dian Mission seeking medicine. who went to Spain last summer For all fields the increase After supplying him with a few relates the following: simple remedies, some passages stands as follows: Missionaries from the Quecha-Spanish New "Our Spanish steamer Alfon- from 216 to 277, Native work- Testament were read and ex- so XIII carried 800 'Gallegos' ers from 1,940 to 2,941, Chris- tians from 100,000 to 160,000.

plained to him. He finally car- who were returning to their na- World Congress Postponed ried the treasure away with tive Galicia from various places him. After careful consideration of in Central America. extensive correspondence from Months passed, and we did South America, Europe and the not see Don Eufrasio. About "Going up on deck for a United States, the Executive Christmas time of that same Committee of the Baptist World year, we received a visit from breath of air I sought the rail, Alliance unanimously adopted him and one of the first ques- and abstractly began whistling the following: hymns. I had not noticed a littions that he asked was whether tle chap of some eight or nine Resolved, That in view of the preswe had any more books. He had years who stood near me until I ent economic situation and the seri- finished an approximation of ous burdens resting on the missionary been reading the New Testa- 'Jesus Is All the World to Me.'

ment and was convinced that it I felt a tug at my coat, and enterprises of the denomination looked around, 'Senor, I know throughout the world, the Congress was the Word of God, although that song I' he said rather shyly. of Berlin be postponed until 1934. many of his neighbors said that The Executive Committee hopes and it was of the devil. He had attended the La Aurora believes that an improvement in world A few weeks later we visited Mission School in Huehuete- conditions will permit it then to take nango, Guatemala and had place without the disadvantages which his house and received a hearty learned a few words of English, would at present be difficult to avoid. welcome. He went off to invite his neighbors in order that we along with some Bible verses and Gospel songs. The seed was Churches Awake might have a preaching service. deeply imbedded in his heart." The following night we had -Record of Christian Work. In reply to criticism hurled at about twenty-five gathered and our hosts took a public stand EUROPE the Church by radical groups in that night. Don Eufrasio had The Paris Mission Growth Germany, charging aloofness from the stress of the times, the been a drinker, a smoker, and a At the annual meeting of this German Evangelical Press Servcocoa chewer (leaf from which mission society, Director E. Alle- ice quotes from a declaration of is extracted cocain). All three the Thuringian churches: of these habits were given up at Pleading, warning, we appeal to all our membership in the interests of once. This was done without gret reported that the most no- an awakened conscience that all of them, each in their sphere, may do any direct instigation on our ticeable thing about their field in their utmost to counteract and compart. Everyone that came to Basutoland, Madagascar and bat a spirit of hatred. The Church their house was asked to listen Togo is that the Roman Catholics has not the power to change economic to the explanation and reading are exercising the utmost zeal in conditions, but it has the duty to inof the Holy Scriptures. fluence the behavior of men, to the working at the very points where end that better conditions may be cre- The New Testament that I the Protestant missions are the ated. had sold to him about a year be- strongest. The Paris Mission has only 10 missionaries and 18 Similarly the Moravian Broth- !ore was underlined with pencil erhood says: III many places, and at the tops European workers in Basutoof some pages and chapters land, while the Roman Catholics There is imminent danger that the tie of brotherhood be severed in the

fury of this struggle. We are sub- small group in Prague had been past generation. He has develjects of the King of Truth. We will therefore not permit our tongues to gathering more or less regularly oped in mind while he still lives for worship and discussion. A in body in a past generation, not sow the seed of hatred and provocation among our people. The Cross few months ago a retreat was because he does not know how to which we confess forbids us to hate held near Prague, attended by change, but because he lacks the ~t all.. ~ven in the conflict of polit- Ical opInIOns we will act according to twenty young men and women, means of changing. i nth e the Golden Rule of Jesus in the Ser- all Czechs except one. All were "The phenomenon mon on the Mount. eager to know more of Quaker towns is that material develop- -Federal Council Bulletin. teachings. The deepening inter- ment is going much faster than est of the group resulted in the cultural development. In Egyp- Missions a Chris,tian Luxury decision to hold regular meet- tian cities and towns appear- This statement has excited ings. Several of the leaders are ances indicate that town dwellers much comment, first in Den- outstanding members of the Y. have gone a long way towards M. C. A.; some are Catholics; progress and culture, but this is mark and then in a number of others Protestant, Jewish or not the fact. continental papers, notably in without church affiliation.' A young engineer, member of the "Both phenomena result from Sweden and Denmark. The oc- Student Renaissance Movement, changes in the last decade, i. e., casion of the flare-up is in the was elected clerk. the standard of living in towns fact that the exchange bank in has imp r 0 v e d considerably. Copenhagen refused to furnish -American Friend. Wages and salaries have inthe Lutheran Danish Mission creased, and in the meantime the fUrther foreign exchange, ex- Sunday Schools in Greece products of civilization and arcusing its action by the state- ticles of luxury have impressed ment: "Foreign missions can- Mr. G. A. Guelibolian, of the minds of the people, and not be regarded as absolutely Athens, sends encouraging news created in them a desire to acnecessary for the country." The of the development of Sunday quire them, Europeans place Danish Mission Society use s school work in the Armenian education first, material things about 3,000 pounds sterling Apostolic Church. Four Sun- are secondary; but we in Egypt every month in paying the al- day schools have been organ- care first for material appearlowances of about 135 Danish iSziendg:roLuipwaziathma95wietnhro70lleedn,roKlolekd~ ance. This explains why some kinia with 220 enrolled, and Der- overestimate the Egyptian awakmissionaries. If these men were gouti with 450 enrolled. Mr. ening, which is more material to receive no salaries they would Guelibolian says, "We started than moral." our first services with the golden have to be sent home by the text, 'The fear of the Lord is the Religion in Abyssinia Danish consular service, at an beginning of wisdom.' The news of the inauguration of A religious census of Ethiopia expense greater than the allow- these Sunday schools was wel- reveals that there are six milance for many months. All mis- comed with great enthusiasm lion pagans (more than onesion stations, hospitals and and with deep feelings of grati- half); one million Mohammeschools would be left entirely tude for the W. S. S. A. and the dans; a remnant of Jews, called unprovided for. Near East Foundation." While Falashas, and three million Mr. Guelibolian's attention is di- Christian Ethiopians (about one- The onslaught on missions by rected primarily at present to third) . the exchange bank has called the work in Athens and Piraeus forth such a storm of indigna- it is expected that he will extend One hundred and two years tion in many European coun- the work into Macedonia, Pelo- ago, the first Protestant missiontries that the real value of mis- ponnese and Crete. aries were sent to Ethiopia by sions even for the home base the Church Missionary Society was emphasized more promi- AFRICA of England. The Rev. Samuel nently than for many years. A Gobat was the pioneer mission- Swedish daily, the Svenska Dag- Egyptian Social Life ary. He won the respect of the bladet, in discussing the foolish- priests of the Ethiopian Church ness of the bank's statement The Egyptian Gazette has an because he knew the Scriptures. ends with a fine discussion of article on "Social Confusion in Short periods of occupation were the usefulness of the foreign Egyptian Life": followed by long periods. when mission enterprise to a country, no missionary was allowed in the even from a merely economic "There are two phenomena in country. At three strategic viewpoint. The discussion has Egyptian life, one in the villages centers the American United resulted in an arrangement and an opposite one in towns. Presbyterian Church is now witwhereby the Danish Mission The former is that the villagers nessing for Christ in Ethiopia. Society is enabled for the present to continue its work.

Czechoslovakia Quakers have undergone a mental de- Sayo and Gorei are in the midst velopment, while their material of pagan Gallas; Addis Ababa Recently a new step has been means of life remain unchanged. at the center of the old Christian successfully taken toward form- The fellah still eats and dresses Ethiopian Church. The following a real Quaker group in as his grandfather; but he does ing other Protestant Missionary Czechoslovakia. For two years a not think with the mind of the Societies are at work in Ethio-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

pia: London Society for the ation Mr. McDowell and the local this inscription: "Respectfully Propagation of the G 0 s pel pastor calculated the number of presented to the Church in among Jews; British Society for folk in the villages that might be Uganda, Africa, from the whole Propagation 0 f the Gospel; classified as "followers." They body of the Anglican Church in British and Foreign Bible So- were amazed to find in a group the Western Deanery of the ciety; Sudan Interior Mission; of 45 villages a total of 11,000 Diocese of West China." The Evangelical Lutheran Mission; people who claimed to be Chris- two smaller scrolls bear the two Swedish Societies and Sev- tians. words: "H u m b I e yourselves enth Day Adventists. Industrial Research in Mines under the mighty hand of God -Woman's Missionary Mag- that he may exalt you in due The Department of Social and time," 1 Peter 5: 6; and "Cast- azine (U. P. Church). Industrial Research of the Inter- ing all your care upon him for national Missionary Council is he careth for you," 1 Peter 5: 7. Difficulty in Oameroon The sudden devolution of the engaged in its first piece of field -C. M. Outlook.

missionary contribution to the investigation; the purpose being A Ohanged People native church is having very det- to carry out an enquiry into the rimental effects in the Cam- human needs occasioned by the Okrika is a little island in the eroons. Native helpers, who rapid industrialization of popu- swampy delta of the great River must look more definitely to the lations in the great mining areas Niger. A beautiful new church congregations for their support, of southern Africa, and to throw was dedicated here last year, are feeling the stress of the light upon the responsibilities followed by an ordination servtimes. In the region of Dikume which these changes hold for ice the next day. For years and of Mbembe (a new station in Christian missions. Govern- practically every person in the the Grass Lands) it will be diffi- ment, organized capital and mis- island had brought a regular cult to retain the helpers unless sions are in varying measure contribution fixed by the chiefs, they receive financial aid. alive to the responsibility that who are all Christians except There are reports of the re- rests upon them for avoiding the one. They brought money, palm awakening of heathenism. In serious evils which have devel- oil or fish, which they sold and the Bakosi region (Nyasoso) the oped under the mining systems gave the proceeds. The people Losango movement is gaining of the Union, and are aware of are comparatively well-to-do and new strength. For the first the opportunity to stabilize and are able to undertake their own time in fourteen years men have recreate African life. support, giving a little contri- heard again the voice of the The study will include the bution also to the Church Mis- Mungi. (According to a heathen processes of adjustment of na- sionary Society. Their new conception the Mungi is a raven- tive society and the individual to church is an excellent building, ous animal that demands human the new wage economy intro- splendidly furnished, holding lives. The Losango people are duced by western capital; to the about 2,000 people, built of ce- making effective use of the alien sanctions and requirements ment blocks. About 3,000 peo- terror that people have of this of European law and adminis- ple were packed into it for the animal.) tration that have been superim- service. The s e r m 0 n was Chief Adj ebe is making syste- posed upon the tribal system; to preached by Archdeacon Crow- matic efforts to destroy mission the new moral and ethical con- ther, over eighty years of age, work in his territory. In the cepts and rules of the Christian the son of the "Black Bishop"

Mbembe territory a teacher was religion; to the new social and so well known in early mission- threatened with death by his community patterns, restraints, ary labor in West Africa. When chief. Notwithstanding these obligations and liberties. he first came to Okrika, there difficulties none of the teachers -Far Horizons. was not a single Christian there, are ready to quit the service. Ohina's Gift to Africa and everyone warned him that -Heidenbote. every stranger who went to A gift of unusual interest was In Spite of Locusts and Ants sent recently by the Diocese of Okrika was killed and eaten. On the site of the new church In spite of drought, locust Western China to the Church in there rose a huge ju-ju house, plagues and other circumstances Uganda to celebrate the 132d where sacrifices of all sorts used which have made the past year birthday of the Church Mission- to take place, and many unthe worst the Rev. Henry C. ary Society. This gift consisted speakable abominations. The McDowell of Galangue, West of three beautiful scrolls to ex- name of the town Okrika means Africa, has seen in his 13 years press their love to an African "Never Changing," because the in Africa, the Christian natives diocese which owed its origin to people declared nothing would have given more to Christian the same Church Missionary So- ever alter their customs, but work than ever before. A 20 ciety. Jesus Christ and His Gospel have per cent cut in salary, from the The characters embroidered changed the hearts of the peopastors down the line, was made on the large scroll represent the ple of Okrika. Today almost all but it was insisted that new words: "God is with you. Be their heathen ways are things work be started in unoccupied of one heart and mind." In of the past. villages. In going over the situ- smaller characters at the side is -E. M. M. S. Quarterly.

Initiative Among Africans a special committee on the East- Medical workers had contacts ern Churches, and a number of Rev. J. H. Robertson of Luebo institutions of the United States with 3,333 individual patients reports that the last few years interested in the Near East have formed a Committee on Correla- last year, and gave almost 13,000 have shown a development not tion dedicated to the strengthen- treatments. The number who only of a sense of responsibility ing of Eastern Churches. made their confession of faith on the part of native leaders, was somewhat less than the prebut a keen initiative to tackle vious year, being only 97; but the problem of the evangeliza- The purpose of the proposed the communicant classes numtion of their own people, and to cooperation would be: bered 151, a gratifying increase come forward wit h definite 1. To confer over plans of approach and promising better results to and help for the ~astern Churches. next year. One hundred and plans for the further organization and expansion of the work. 2. To ascertain how we can help thirteen babies were baptized in the old Eastern Churches and the new the course of the year. Income In each section, native leaders evangelical Churches and the mis- from pup i I s, patients and are not only planning new ways sions. churches the year before was and means of carrying on the 3. To determine what assistance $97,528, while last year it in- creased to $100,740. This was work, but they are watching the for the Eastern Churches is pracwork being done in other sec- ticable and desirable. only 9% less than the previous tions, studying it in view of 4. To advise what agency can best year before the depression began their own needs, and formulat- render such aid. to be felt. ing new methods and organiza- 5. To avoid conflict in approaches to the Eastern Churches.

tion to carryon the work to best 6. To help in Christian education. The American Press had an advantage. Missionaries have 7. To conserve and direct in proper channels the assets of support which output of over 300,000 volumes always respected the judgment the Near East Relief may be able to of Scriptures and other books of native leaders, and asked advice from them in new under- transfer. -Spirit of Missions. and leaflets, and an income of about $59,000. takings, and in handling of routine details, but now native A Blow at Islam Modern Centurions leaders are coming to the missionaries to offer advice and The Byzantine mosaics of St. Persia has compulsory milisuggestions in regard to various Sophia, which have been covered tary service, and in return for policies which concern the fu- ever since 1453 A. D., when the its hard life those in the army ture church. church was converted into a receive less than 50 cents a mosque, are shortly to be uncov- month. "Yet even in the army," One instance shows this spirit. ered. This is another instance writes the principal of a Pres- The missionary, visiting a sub- of the sweeping changes taking byterian mission school for boys, station, found the work in ex- place in the Moslem world, and "our boys are a credit to the cellent shape, so said to the na- would have been unbelievable school. While they render their tive teacher in charge, a young ten years ago. St. Sophia has service unto 'Cresar,' from time fellow about twenty-one years been one of Islam's holiest places to time we are encouraged to old, "Mbuyikana, you h a v e in these 500 years. When Con- learn that they have also taken everything going smoothly, so stantinople fell into the hands of advantage of their opportunity we are going to suggest one Mohammed the Conqueror in to render unto God the things more thing for you to do. You 1453 a minaret was built at each that are God's." know what Christian Endeavor of the four corners, and the most is, what it does, and what it is beautiful of Byzantine mosaics -Presbyterian Banner. for, so it would be a wonderful -h u g e representations of help to these people if you would Christ, the Apostles, and other The Central Asian Mission organize a Christian Endeavor religious pictures-were covered Society for them." With a with stucco in order that they An officer of the British army smile, Mbuyikana replied, "Ah, should not interfere with the and his regiment forty years Mukelenge, we did that three meditation of the worshipers. ago were passing through two weeks ago!" Some fifty years ago some of the hundred miles of unknown coun- stucco fell and it took time to try beyond the northern bound- -Missionary Herald. find people capable of re-cover- aries of India, until they reached ing the mosaics. the last inhabited region, called WESTERN ASIA Chitral. "It was a very fertile -Missionary Herald. country," this Christian officer Strength to Eastern Churches Syria Mission wrote, "the valleys dotted with The Near East Christian small and large villages, but the Council, composed of nearly all The Presbyterian Church mis- inhabitants were without Christ the missionary organizations op- sion reports daily contact with and without hope. Here Satan erating in the Near East has put 3,393 children during the past was entrenched; for 1,000 years forward a program of coopera- year. Over 4,000 people assem- none had disputed his sway."

tion, and is endeavoring to fos- bled every Sunday in the The vision was followed by ter a spirit of fellowship. The churches; 3,400 children were action. This officer, Col. G. Win- Federal Council of Churches has in the Sunday schools. gate, began earnest prayer with

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

another Christian officer and istic, dogmatic, bigoted; that it is adopted a kindlier attitude to oapnptaog~eodn i stic to the poor classes and one or two soldiers. In answer to social reform. They know India's untouchables. On this subject the Audi Depressed to these prayers the Central nt~oethpmrgejuodficthee adgeasienrsttedgiHrlisn,dudepwriivveas~ Classes Sabha of Ferozepore Asian Mission came into being in 1895, and for 37 years has stuck ~lOn ?f women practically from any Cantonment passed the follow- mherItance-such facts as these are to its post. Headquarters have never presented to foreign audiences. ing resolution recently: remained from the first at Mardan, just within the boundary If Western ladies come to help This Sabha herewith sets forth as its conviction that the Hindu 'I1Wn- Hindu sisters to overthrow these of India proper. Mr. H. C. tality with regard to the Depressed evils, and gain for Indian women Classes has not changed, and we can- Robertson, who is in charge, has and untou~hables their just rights as not be~ieve that it has changed until human bemgs, then their coming is the Hmdu ~pper ~lasses display a been on the field 19 years with- blest. .Otherwis~, their coming will changed attItude m the following out a furlough. be of httle serVIce to their less for- ways: – (a) They should endorse a ~unate .fellow men and women, and bill in the ~egislative Assembly to In and around Mardan are IS not hkely to attain any higher end repeal certain rules of Manusmriti t~an to satisfy their own selfish de- which are the basis of the present four Christian congregations, SIres or mere curiosity. Hindu attitude toward Depressed numbering a pfaeswtors.hundTrheedss~ with Indian Classes. (b) The Hindu upper classes consist mostly of Indian Sweep- Brotherhood of Andrew …. should manifest their solicitude ers who have come up from India. But the real inhabitants This group was organized in for the out-castes by including the unof this area are the Pathans, who have a reputation for October, 1927, under the inspira- touchables in the field of Hindu befierceness. The chief objective remains unreached – the vast tion of Dr. S. M. Zwemer and n:evolence and welfare works. Milarea to the north, where probably several millions have never has been quietly working among hons of rupees are spent yearly by heard of a missionary. the caste Hindus, but solely for the The other advance of the C. A. M. is a little land on the the masses in the Punjab and benefit of their own upper classes. eaves of the "Roof of the World," called Baltistan, about North West Province. The Gurukuls, schools and colleges are esthe size of Wales. It contains some 120,000 Baltis, but not one Brotherhood's ideal and pro- tablished for the upper classes, wells white person except the little band of missionaries. tghreamfolalroewvinegry"caoimmspraenhdenosbijvee~tas"s are dUjf, Dharmasalas are built. But -Centml Asia. where IS there any proof of the truth INDIA AND BURMA of the assertion that the Hindu upper Hindu Warning to Women would show: (1) to work among classes really regard the untouchables The Rev. Fred M. Perrill, edi- Hindus and Moslems of the Pun- as part and parcel of the Hindu famtor of The Indian Witness, observing that Gandhi attracted jab and to endeavor to bring ily? Rather, the Depressed Classes many Western women as dis- sho~ld .receive a greater share due to ciples, sends an article to the Christian Advocate from the pen them to Christ; (2) to promote theIr Ignorance, poverty and dire of Pundit Bhagat Ram, not a -Dnyanodoya. Christian but a Hindu reformer. the spirit of Christian humility need.

We who have been brought up in and sacrifice among the mem- Untouchability Campaign Hinduism and live and have our being in Hinduism, have often pondered bers of the Brotherhood; (3) to A large fund is being raised over the question why American and to promote a campaign against English ladies are now and then endeavor by example and coopturning Hindus and renouncing untouchability. Out into the vil- Christianity. We can not understand eration to arouse the whole lages of India will go those who W?y 9hristian :vom~n can accept f!:mdUls,m-the Hmdulsm which prac- Church to a higher participation are to preach this new doctrine tices chIld marriage, enforced widow- to the depressed classes and they hood, untouchability, and a double in evangelism; (4) to promote will be told that the Hindu fold standard of morality for men and is open to them, that they may wome.n. Such ll; .syst~m can hardly feelings of love and sympathy ~orship in the temples and bathe contam more splrItuahty than Chris- III the sacred waters side by side tianity. between the converts from vari- with their high-caste brethren A wide response is expected: If.any W est~rn sister is bent upon ous religions and to help them a Hmdu marrIage, let it be a civil But the value of the movement out of their troubles and difficul- rests upon its extending outside ties; (5) to establish two train- the bounds of Hinduism, and there is little indication that this ing centers for inquirers and will be the case. If Mohamme- converts-one for the Punjab dans and Christians remain un- touchable, the proposed removal and one for the frontier areas- of untouchability will be simply a movement within Hinduism to an extensive library, a reading widen its organization while at room and a center of propaganda the same time it remains as ex- clusive as ever, a result which work. will delay, and not help India's progress.-Fred M. Perrill. The Brotherhood's activities during 1930-31 include Gospel preaching in and around Lahore'

the distribution of 161,000 tracts, as well as Bibles, New Tp.eusbtlaimcatein~tn and aGojsopuerl npaol ,r t ieospnes~' of clally deSIgned to meet objectors to Christianity and the opening of a Converts' Home.

-National Missionar1j In- telligencer. . Advance in South India ~arriage, not according to the Hindu Hindus and Untouchables The Rev. W. A. Stanton, of l'ltes, so that in the future there may Kurnool, South India, writes: be some way of escape. Western Certain Indian leaders have In the Kurnool field we have had women little realize that Hinduism is an aristocracy; that it is polythe- been saying that Hindus have more than 500 converts received by

baptism since January 1, 1931. Our tinued its way over obstacles. ment against them. A new antigreatest problem is to take care of Never wholly religious, it strove Semitic publication recently these, for we are not only to baptize to send a monthly Christian mes- appeared in Toronto, Canada. but to teach. Every group of con- sage between its covers, along Attention is called to the prophverts calls for a teacher. We are be- with articles on world events, ecy in Psalm 83: 4 where it is sieged with requests. In two months home keeping, education, cul- declared that the enemies of God we have taken on twelve new work- ture, etc. have consulted together with one ers. How can this be done in the consent and have said, "Come, face of the depression? The order is Because of the growing real- and let us cut them off from be- "retrench," to "cut down." How then ization of the need for something ing a nation; that the name of can we advance? The secret is that more distinctly Christian, the Israel may be no more in rememthe Telugus are doing it. When National Christian Council de- brance." American money failed we were in cided to make the starting of a despair. Now when we want a church magazine its opus mag- Magazine for the Blind teacher for a village we do not ask num for 1932. Two obstacles the Society at home; we ask the Kur- lay in the way-the lack of funds Are 1i g i 0 u s magazine in nool Field Association, and the work- and satisfactory editorship. The Braille, announced last spring, er comes. We are beginning to see National Christian Council sup- began its monthly appearance in that our resources are not in a dis- plied $240, and Rev. George H. January as John Milton Magatant land thousands of miles away, Feltus promised $50 more if the zine. It has no subscription cost, but in the hearts of our Telugu Chris- magazine was launched. The being financed by Church Boards tians. Caste children are attending SUbscription price was fixed at of Publication, Education, Sunour village schools in ever increasing the modest price of 30 cents- day School Work and Home Misnumbers. In two villages they came all the mass of Christians could sions; more than 40 denominaover in a body to our schools. We afford to pay. A former editor tions are represented by the 900 have received thirty-nine by baptism of Daybreak has been chosen to blind persons who have already in the past year, and we have a mem- guide the venture. Three issues applied for copies of the periodibership of 400. This church is a tine are out. The magazine is called example of an independent self-sup- Church News and its aim will be cal. porting church in Teluguland. to inform the entire Church in Siam concerning its own life and Sunday School Times – Watchman-Examiner. activities.-Siam Outlook. Diamond Jubilee "Burma for Christ" MISCELLANEOUS For seventy-five years The Sunday School Times, of Phila- The Burma for Christ Move- Anti-Semitism Increasing delphia, has served the cause of ment reports the following Christ among the pastors and achievements during the past A recent issue of the Jewish tea c her s in the Protestant year: Missionary Magazine gives a churches of America. Founded resume of the increasing world in 1858, the paper was long 1. A Bulletin has been issued and anti-Semitism. ably edited by the late Dr. widely circulated. Henry Clay Trumbull. The Poland, "a hotbed of anti-Jew- Times has stood loyally and 2. An abridged edition of "The ish hatred" is in a very ominous constructively for the Deity of Imitation of Christ" has been pub- state since so many Jews are lit- Christ, for the inerrancy of the lished and sold out. erally starving. In Latvia J ew- Bible, for the best methods of ish students are prevented from Biblical instruction, and for 3. Several conferences have been enrolling in professional institu- world-wide Christian service unheld to discuss plans and ideals. tions. Thousands of Jews have der the guidance and in the pow- already fled from Germany. In er of the Holy Spirit. The 4. The spirit of cooperative evan- Belgium agitators have posted Times, under the able and congelism has been promoted. bills in the streets of Antwerp secrated guidance of Dr. Charles calling for a boycott of Jewish G. Trumbull and Mr. Philip E. 5. The spirit of prayer and conse- business. Roumania has been Howard (son and son-in-law of cration has been fostered. "semi-barbaric in its treatment the Founder), has been increas- of the Jews." In some sections ingly influential in training 6. The "Gospel Team" was appro- of Greece the Jews have been youth in the knowledge of God priately welcomed back from the In- made to realize they are not and preparing them for Chrisdia Tour. wanted. Recently many attacks tian service. If more teachers, have been made on the Jews of preachers, parents and youth During the coming year it is Tunis, Africa. The American would read this valued paper, in proposed to form wherever pos- Hebrew reports an alarming place of the decadent popular sible groups to act as nuclei of anti-Jewish movement in Argen- literature of the day the Amerispiritual power; to discover un- tine. Chinese bandits extract can Government and schools, touched areas; to encourage money from Jews by threatening churches and mission work every group to take up some defi- to arouse White Russian senti- would be greatly strengthened. nite work; and to prepare more devotional literature.

-National Christian Coun- cil Review.

Siam "Church News"

More than one attempt has been made to start a religious magazine in Siam For some thirty-eight years Day Break, later rechristened Magazine of Advanced Learning has con-

Missionary

Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~,—_~=~–======-======-~-=-~====-==–,—,–==-~_ _,~ An American Doctor at Work in In- eludes not only the hospital and they are not hopeless; they will dia. By Sir William Wanless. 200 six branch dispensaries but a soon look up, by God's blessing, pp. $2.00. Revell. New York. medical college, a nurse's train- if they are looked after." His ing school, and the superintend- secret emerges in a word spoken People in the home churches ency of a larger leper asylum. A in dire straits: "I cannot read, who have been troubled by re- tuberculosis sanitarium a few I cannot pray, I can scarcely cent criticisms of foreign mis- miles distant, which was organ- even think-but I can trust." sionaries will be heartened by ized by Dr. Wanless and is reading this book. It is the auto- named after him, is under sep- CLELAND B. McAFEE. biography of a modest man who arate management. wrote in response to the urging Re-Thinking Missions: A Laymen's After 39 years of herculean Inquiry After One Hundred Years. of friends, and the story is there- labor in that hot climate, ill By the Commission on Appraisal, fore, simply told; but the facts health required Sir William to William Ernest Hocking, Chair- return to America, where he is man. 349 pp. $2.00. Harpers. are there. Dr. Wanless made his now living in honorable retire- New York. hospital in Miraj as famous in ment. He returned to India in India as the Mayo Hospital is in September, 1930, to complete the This is the Report of the Com- America. Beginning in a small organization of the tuberculosis mission of Appraisal appointed way, with no trained assistants sanitarium, but was again com- by Laymen's Foreign Missions and with limited equipment, he pelled to return to America in Inquiry, that is making such a developed it into a great institu- April, 1931. commotion in the missionary world. It has been so ably and tion of world-wide fame, per- This modest little book is an so thoroughly discussed in the vaded by the spirit of Christ and important addition to mission- editorial in the November RErichly utilizing its great evan- ary biography, the record of a VIEW and in Dr. Speer's article gelistic opportunities. Not only beautiful life and a tonic to faith. in the January number that we his fellow missionaries but thou- need not take space for another sands of Indians of high and low A. J. BROWN. critical review. Our views are in degree honored and loved him accord with those that they have Hudson Taylor's Spiritual Secret. expressed. The eminence and for his eminent and unselfish la- By Dr. and Mrs. Howard Taylor. sincerity of the authors of the bors. In grateful recognition of 178 pp. Cloth $1, paper 50 cents. Report and the wide publicity his distinguished services, the China Inland Mission. that the secular and religious British Government, in 1919, press has given it make its pubconferred upon him the Kaiser- There cannot be too many lication an important event in i-Hind medal, and January 1, books about Hudson Taylor. the history of Foreign Missions, 1928, King George raised him to This one includes little new ma- but as a contribution to mission- terial and handles old material ary policies and methods, we are the rank of Knight Bachelor of for one definite purpose-to re- inclined to think that its value the British Empire, one of the veal the open secret of this deep- is being overrated. While it conoldest orders in British knight- ly spiritual life. It has the ad- tains many sound observations vantage of some earlier volumes and excellent recommendations, hood. in being brief and easy to read. they are not new. The boards Here is revealed and illustrated were already dealing with them The late John H. Converse of "the simple, profound secret of on their own initiative. Some of Philadelphia and other donors in drawing for every need, tempo- the appraisers' criticisms are un- America, and Indian friends and ral and spiritual, upon the fath- doubtedly just; others impress former patients made gifts until omless wealth of Christ." Parts us as misleading. Some of the of the record deal with blessings recommendations, for example, the plant and equipment were experienced by the China Inland the concentration of administraexcelled by none in the mission Mission. In days when mission tion in a single board, are imfield and equalled by few govern- work is being criticized it is re- p r act i c a I until the home ment medical institutions in all freshing to note Hudson Tay- churches are united. Even then India. There are now fifty build- lor's attitude toward criticism;" we doubt whether a united ings, costing altogether $275,- also toward difficulties: "Though things are sadly diSCOUraging, 000. More than 76,000 in-patients and 1,500,000 out-patients have been treated, and the number of surgical operations ex- ceeds 75,000. The institution in- Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

r 117 ]

church would put its foreign existence of a God with a definite edge of church history and mismissionary work beyond its con- plan for individuals …… the sions from the time of St. Paul trol in an autonomous board as God whom men and women are to the time of William Careythe appraisers seem to recom- seeking." It should help troubled over 1,700 years. These interestmend. The most serious objec- souls everywhere and should put ing brief lessons cover the activtion to the report is however its new assurance into the hearts of ities of Patrick in Ireland, Cosubordination of the evangeliz- lumba in Scotland, Augustine ing motive and evangelical char- men who preach and teach the and Aidan in England, Boniface acter of missionary work to Gospel of Christ. It contains ex- in Germany, Anskar in Scandicultural and philanthropic ob- actly the note of warmth and navia, Ufilas in the Balkans, jectives. The report is enthusi- eagerness which so much preach- Vladimar in Russia, Frances of astically praised by those who Assisi, the apostle of freedom, sympathize with its liberal theo- ing lacks. CLELAND B. McAFEE. and Raymond Lull, the apostle to logical position, its cooperative the Moslems. The stories are attitude toward the non-Chris- Three Arrows. By E. Ryerson worth reading and offer a good tian religions, and its conception Young. 183 pp. 75 cents paper; basis for study. of Foreign Missions as primarily a humanitarian enterprise to at- $1.00 cloth. FriendShip Press. New World-Fellowship People. By Grace tain the supreme good. From Darling Phillips. xxii plus 105 pp. this viewpoint it is a notably York. 1932. $1.00. Friendship Press. New able volume. But the churches York. 1932. have constituted their boards of "Three Arrows" is the name Foreign Missions and have given In response to many inquiries their sons and daughters and of an American Indian who was in the course of her work as a money for the main purpose of University librarian, Miss Philwinning non-Christians to an born deformed and who s e lips has undertaken the collecacceptance of Jesus Christ as tion of sources on missionary Saviour and Lord, and we doubt grandmother wanted to destroy biography. In her selection of whether they would continue to descriptive abstracts and critical support the enterprise for any him. It is a delightful story of reviews of some hundred biogsubsidiary purpose that mini- raphies selected from twelve mized their dominating aim. Indian life on the Western fron- countries and representing fif- teen races, she has endeavored A. J. BROWN. tier showing how this deformed to respect the reliability of the sources as to factual material, "The Kingdom Overseas." lad won against all physical their emphasis upon matters of importance, their sympathetic The missionary periodicals of handicaps. This young Indian's insight into the various cultures British Methodists now united, and the style in which the biog- The Foreign Field of the Wes- love for his horse "Whirlwind" raphies are written. Miss Philleyans, The Advance of the lips is unusually competent to Primitive Methodists and The is one of the fine features of this form these judgments and some Missionary Echo will be super- of her material is usable in the seded by a magazine of the new story. The hero finds Jesus form of abstracts and excerpts. Methodist organization which Its chief value lies in the guidwill be entitled The Kingdom Christ through the missionaries ance it gives to leaders of mis- Overseas. Its editor will be Mr. sionary groups, writers of text- F. Deauville Walker, for eight- and in turn brings many of his books, and any others who use een years editor of The Foreign missionary source material. The Field. people to the Master. lives included in this list are of inspirational and informational God in the Shadows. By Hugh Red- The story is told by the son wood. 137 pp. $1. Revell. 1932. value. WILLIAM CLAYTON BOWER. of the late Egerton R. Young, a Such a book warms the heart Native Disabilities in South Africa. of a Christian believer. It fol- famous missionary to the In- By Dr. D. D. T. Jabavu. A pamlows the general lines of Mr. phlet. 25 cents. Student Volunteer Redwood's earlier volume, "God dians of Canada. It is history Movement. New York. 1932. in the Slums," which has had an almost sensational circulation. in thrilling form to hold the in- The South African native is During the first week after the not having a square deal. He is publication of this present vol- terest of boys and of their fa- being exploited and kept in subume 50,000 copies were sold! It jection by white settlers in his is of the nature of a personal thers as well. H. A. ADAIR. native land. Dr. Jabavu, an confession, telling the story of earnest Christian, presents a the progress of a soul in pres- Joshua-A Story of the Life of Jesus. strong plea for those of his race, ence of clear indications of the By A. V. Pohlman. 326 pp. $2.50. asking for them only justice, and presence and power of God. The Moyer & Lotter. Philadelphia. a friendly opportunity in indusbook aims to help "establish the 1932. try, legislation, education and The purpose of this book, as stated in the preface, is to give a harmonized and chronological story with only such characters and conversations, extraneous to the Gospels, as are necessary to show the social, intellectual, commercial and religious condi- tions at the time of Jesus.

The author has made a cour- ageous attempt to make more real the life of the Man Christ Jesus. The measure of his suc- cess must be determined by each reader. A good book for the home circle. JAMES CANTINE.

Pioneers of the Kingdom. Phyllis L. Garlic. Part 1. 12 mo. 122 pp. 28. Church Missionary Society. London. 1932.

Our children know too little of how Christianity spread in Europe. They have no knowl-

Church. He says: "An ur- OUR MISSIONARY

gent need before Christian men and women is the creation and A SAFE enforcement of a Christian public opinion on all matters con- FINANCIAL nected with White and Black in Africa."

America, the Philippines and the PLAN Orient. By Hilario Camino Mon- cado. 214 pp. $2.00. Revell. New York.

The case for the independence …is what hundreds of satisfied of the Philippines is here stated persons consider the annuity by a distinguished Filipino, the founder and president of the Fil- agreements of the American ipino Federation of America. It Bible Society. Here is what presents certain facts and ideas Mrs. S. S. of California writes: which the author thinks should "The check I receive from you is be taken to heart by Americans much appreciated these days. Money and which should be seriously is a scarce article with me but I can pondered by the Oriental peoples, especially the Filipinos, always depend on my check from Chinese, and Japanese. It con- the American tends that America's pretension Bible Society."

to altruism in the Philippines is untenable, and that it values the siastic testimony of Islands for the economic advantage they offer and still more as Mr. O.W. of North Carolina: a base of operations from which "I am grateful that our American Bible Society annu· to extend its interests in Asia, ities afford us some security in these trying times."

particularly China. The state- Advancing years need not be feared ment is naturally ex parte, but when you know that this Society, it is ably argued and it merits indispensable to the missionary en- thoughtful reading. The absence terprise, and of unquestioned fi- of an index is a defect. A. J. BROWN. nancial stability, is behind this Lin Foo and Lin Ching. By Phyllis annuity A. Sowers. Illus. 8 vo. 121 pp.

$1.50. Crowell. New York. 1932.

American boys and girls will That Gives be interested in this boy and girl of China. They are real human children who live by the river, You work hard, have adventures, become stowaways on a junk, beg in a city, visit a temple, scare the assurance of a dependable income as long as you live. An easy-to-read booklet away a thief and are taken into the home of an honorable gentle- tells you all about it-the rates you receive- man and sent to school. Children from six to ten will like the how you help in making the Scriptures Widely story, which is well told with a available around the earth-how a friend or relative Chinese flavor. may be included – how this annuity agreement Pepi and the Golden Hawk. Vera gives you a C. Hines. 8 vo. 64 pp. Illus. in color. $1.50. Crowell. New York. Double Satisfaction 1932.

The Golden Hawk was a charm to keep off evil and Pepi ~'~I.ir~-E-::,-;-R-::;_;.~B:::-:S?:=c:l:;-:-:-:–~-m-m-Ii K'hl~I was a son of an Egyptian Pha- : Bible House, Astor Place, New Yoric City raoh. The story, for primary I I .. Please send me. without obligation. your booklet No.M.R.2.entitled children, tells of Pepi's adven- I A Gift That Lives." tures in ancient Egypt-among crocodiles, hippopotimuses and snakes, and surrounded by pyramids and temples. The illustrations make the narrative doubly attractive.

The Two Hundred. By Frank of Nasik. IlIus. 81 pp. Is. Times School Paths in Africa. Phyllis L. Houghton. Pamphfet. 18. China of India Press. Bombay. Garlick. 102 pp. Is. Church Mis- Inland Mission. London. 1932. sionary Society. London. 1932. The Wonder of It. A Century of The story of why and how and World-Wide Missionary Service. W. New Tes.tament Life-Its Character who were the 200 new mission- P. Livingstone. lIlus. 94 pp. Is. and Expression. Walter B. Sloan. aries recently sent to China by Church of Scotland Foreign Mis- 47 pp. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. the C. I. M. is the story of a mir- sion Committee. Edinburgh. London. 1932. acle. In the midst of depression in America and England, and of Methodism and the Mountain Sum- Japanese in the United States: A turmoil in China, these recruits mit. A Survey of Methodist World Cdtical Study of the Problems of have been secured and sent to Missions. F. Pratt Green. 1932 the Japanese Immigrant's and Their the field and their support pro- pp. Is. Cargate Press. London. Children. Yamato Ichihashi. 436 vided. pp. $4. Stanford University Press. Light from the Darkness. Takeo Stanford, Calif. Everyland Children. By Lucy W. Iwahashi. 94 pp. Y. 1. Kyo Bun Peabody. lIlus. Booklet. Central Kwan. Tokyo. Flaming Arrow's People. An Acoma Committee on United Study of For- Indian. James Paytiamo. 158 pp. eign Missions. Cambridge, Mass. Indian Caste Customs. S. S. O'Malley. $2.50. Duffield. New York. 1931. 200 pp. 6s. Cambridge University Press. London. The Changing Culture of an Indian Eight brief stories and poems Tribe. Margaret Mead. 313 pp. on China for primary children Moral and Material Progress and $450. Columbia University Press. make up this attractive booklet. Condition of India During the New York. Year 1930-31. IIlus. Maps. 752 Songs of Life. By Henry Weston pp. 7s. 6d. H. M. Stationery of- Sea Island to City. A study of St. Frost. 12 mo. 120 pp. $1.25. fice. London. Helena Islanders in Harlem and Loizeaux Bros. New York. 1932. Other Urban Centers. Clyde Ver- Years of Destiny: India 1926-1932. non Kiser. 272 pp. $3.50. Co- Dr. Frost for many years the J. Coatman. 384 pp. lOs. 6d. Cape. lumbia University Press. New York. honored North American Direc- London. tor of the China Inland Mission Indian Tribes of the Argentine and is a sweet singer of Christian Up from Poverty in Rural India. D. Bolivian Chaco. Rafael Karsten. songs of the heart. These eighty Spencer Hatch. Illus. 208 pp. Ox- 236 pp. $4. Stechert. New York. or more poems voice the re- ford University Press. New York. sponse of a child of God to the $1.25. Di(ectory of Christian Missions in beauties of God's natural world, India, Burma and Ceylon. 1932-33. God's word and works, God's Reconstruction and Education in 393 pp. 48. World Dominion Press. Son, God's Day, God's children Rural India. Premo Chand La!. 262 London. and the spiritual life. They will pp. 108. Allen & Unwin. London. awaken a responsive chord in God's Candlelights: An Educational many another soul, bringing Socrates Persists in India. F. L. Venture in Northern Rhodesia. comfort and cheer. Brayne. IlIus. 140 pp. 2s. Ox- Mabel Shaw. 196 pp. 2s. 6d. Edin- ford University Press. London. burgh House Press. London. New Books Burma and Beyond. Sir J. G. Scott. The Press and the Gospel: The Out of the Storm in China. W. B. 349 pp. 18s. Grayson & Grayson. Story of a Japanese Experiment. Lipphard. 201 pp. $1.50. Judson London. W. H. Murray Walton. 160 pp. Press. Philadelphia. 28. 6d. Student Christian Move- Persia. Sir Arnold T. Wilson. 416 ment Press. London. Dugald Christie of Manchuria, Pio- pp. 21s. Benn. London. neer and Medical Missionary. By The Teaching of Healthcraft to his wife. lIlus. 232 pp. 78. 6d. Palestine As It Is. M. J. Landa. African Women. Mrs. Donald Fra- J ames Clarke. London. 126 pp. 3s. 6d. Goldston. London. ser. 134 pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. Nationalism and Education in Mod- The Tribes of the Ashanti Hinter- ern China. Cyrus H. Peake. 240 land. 2 Vols. Captain T. S. Rat- The Buddha and the Christ: An En- pp. $3. Columbia University Press. tray. IlIus. 292 pp. 45s. Oxford quiry Into the Meaning of the Uni- New York. University Press. London. verse and the Purpose of Human Life. B. H. Streeter. (Bampton Pan Chao: Foremost Woman Scholar Notes on the Customs and Folklore Lectures for 1932.) 350 pp. 7s. of China. Nancy L. Swan. 198 pp. of the Tumbuka-Kamanga Peoples. 6d. Macmillan. London. $6. Century. New York. T. Cullen Young. 284 pp. 68. Mission Press. Nyasaland. The Encyc10predia of Islam. Fasci- Re-Thinking Missions-Report of the culus P. Turks-Umaiyads. Luzac. Laymen's Foreign Miss,ion In- Fresh Minted Gold. By Pickering. London. 1932. Inquiry. Wm. Ernest Hocking, 190 pp. 2s. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Chairman. 350 pp. Harpers. New London. 1932. Whither Islam? A Survey of Modern York. 1932. Movements in the Moslem World. O'er Land and Sea with the Apostle Edited by H. A. R. Gibb. Map. The Fai~hs of Mankind. William Paul. A. A. Acton. Revell. New 384 pp. 15s. Gollancz. London. Paton. 159 pp. 28. 6d. Student York. 1932. Christian Movement Press. London. Sons of the Law. An outline of the The Red Flag at Ararat. A. Y. Yeg- Jewish Life and Faith. W. N. Car- Nasik and the Gospel: The S·tory of henian. 170 pp. $2. Woman's ter. Illus. 94 pp. Is. Church a Hundred Years of Christian Wit- Press, New York. 1932. Missions to Jews. London. ness, 1832-1932. Two Nasik Mis- sionaries. Preface by the Bishop The Strategy of City Church Plan- The 1931 Flood of China. Map. 74 ning. Ross Sanderson. 245 pp. pp. $1. University of Nanking. $2. Institute of Social and Reli- 150 5th Ave. New York. gious Research. New York. 1932. Slavery: Report of the Committee of Tefero-Tales from Africa. W. J. Experts on Slavery provided for W. Roome. 186 pp. 5s. MarShall, by the Assembly Resolution of Morgan & Scott. London. 1932. September 25, 1931. 27 pp. Is. 3d. Allen & Unwin. London. Or Undaunted Hope – Life Of James League of Nations, Geneva. Gribble. Florence Newberry Grib- ble. 438 pp. $1.65. Brethren Pub. Go. Ashville, Ohio. 1932.

Notes a health movement for students in

Chinese government schools. Calvin Coolidge. the thirtieth Pres- ••• SUMMON id4!Dt of the United States•. died su~­ Dr. Francis L. Patton, who predenIy on January 5th, at hiS home lD ceded Woodrow Wilson as President Northampton, Massachusetts. Mr. of Princeton University from 1888 to CALVERT Coolidge was universally beloved and 1902, and for the next eleven years respected for his courage, his sanity, President of Princeton Theological SCHOOL his integrity and Christian character. Seminary, died in Hamilton, Bermuda, He was a man of deeds rather than November 25 at the age of 89. Dr. words and was considered by many Patton was the oldest former Moder- to a typical American citizen of the finer ator of the Presbyterian General Astype America is richer for Mr. sembly. Coolidge's life of devotion to the good •*• YOUR CHILDREN of mankind. Mrs. Simeon Foster Woodin, a pio- The small children of scores of American parents Anna Y. Tho*mp*son*, for 61 years in China. cInodmipaletSeyriae.lemJaepnatnaryandedeulcsaetwiohneref-roamre neer missionary of the American receiving a missionary of the Foreign Mission Board, died at Saybrook, Conn., July Board of the Unit~d ~resb~rian 29 at the age of ninety-six. In 1859 Calvert School. Church in Egypt, died m Cairo on Letters. big interesting packages of books. cray- December 15. Miss Thompson was a ons. toy coins. pictures. and maps come to them. native of Washington,. Pa. Aft~r she and her husband set out on the They study the same lessons. receive identically graduation from Washmgton Seml- perilous journey around the Cape of nary for Girls she enlisted for mis- Good Hope to Foochow, China, and the same training, as they would if attendins sionary work as one of the first Calvert Day School in Baltimore. Maryland. American missionaries to Egypt. She IE there have been any gaps in a child'S foundaacquired a remarkable use of the for 36 years they shared the arduous tion. Calvert School maKes them up in a hurry. Arabic language which she use d chiedy among the women. So wide work of founding institutions, trans- The school gives thorough education from first did her induence become during her lating books, training young preach- grade to higli schoo~. coyering in six ye,,:rs what long service that she was frequently most schools cover. 10 eight. and explorIDg ·cul· a guest in the homes of the most ers, and laying foundations for the tural and scientific subjects besides. induential residents of Egypt and did present vigorous Chinese Church. much for. the emancipation of Egyp- Your child will learn not only the fundamental subjects but also more about near and far coun- • ti,n women. • • Charles H. •Gab*rie*l, composer of tries. about plants. birds. trees, statS; about Dr. Willoughby Anson .Hemingway, lyrics. statues. paintings-than he would in at· an American Board Missionary, died hymns, died in Los Angeles, Septem- tending the avera~ scliool. Then later, when he from induenza in Taiku, China, on No- ber 14. Among themoi'e familiar of takes his place With other children, he will prob· vember 8. In 1919 he was decorated his compositions. are: "Since Jesus ably enter high or preparatory school witli ad·. by the Chinese Government for his vanced standing. Most Calvert children do! work in stopping the bubonic plague. Came into",My Heart," "Brighten the Missionaries, exchange officers parents 10 the Recently he had served as director of Corner Where You Are," 'He Is So diplomatic service. .have enrolled their children, Precious to Me," and the widely pop- and have been delighted with the sound founda· ular, "That Will Be Glory for Me." tion Calvert School gives;' The school furnishes Many of his hymns were translated all materials books, lessons, and instructions. into foreign languages. Over 6,000 children are enrolled at present in the United States and all over the world. . There are *•• Calvert School centers now in foreign fields. TJ:Ie course may be taken for the full SIX years, or 10 Dr. Wilbur Fisk Walker, retired part at a total cost of $40 a year. ($20 addi- Methodist missionary, died at Evans- tional for criticism of pupil's work. ) Kinder· ville, Ind., November 13, aged eighty- ~en courses are also available for use by the six. He was pastor of important IDdividual at S10.50 or by groups at a reduced churches, including Asbury, Peking, cost. V. M. Hillyer, founder of Calvert Home In· and four terms presiding elder. In struction School, wrote. "A Child's History of the Boxer troubles he performed con- the World," "A Child's Geography," successful . spicuous service as commissary dur- books imbued with the life and interest that· ing the siege of Peking. Later be brighten all Calvert home lessons. Use the coupon fo–r—-f-u_.l_l…i_n-f–o–r-m—-a-t-.i-o..n…..__.._-_..__……—.._.-._—– .. • • • served on the Boxer indemnity board. Printin The Rev. Dalzell Adelbert Bunker, CALVERT SCHOOL a Methodist missionary in Seoul, Ko- 182 W. Tuscany Road, Baltimore, Md. When You Require It rea, 1895-1926, died in San Diego, Cal., November 28, aged seventy-nine. Please send me full information, including a He went to Korea in 1886–0ne of sample lesson. three American teachers sent at the emperor's request. In 1895 he joined I the Methodist mission, as teacher in the Pai Chai High School in Seoul, of Name ………………………………. .. which he became president. The em- peror decorated him for his educa- Addre11 ………………………………. . tional service. He was the author of W. wish to emend to you an invi- a standard English-Korean primer. lets, and "The History of the William tation to become acquainted with THE EVANGELICAL PRESS of *•• • • • Taylor Self-Supporting Miss10ns." Haniabmg, Pennsylvania. Dr. Henry H. Montgomery, Bishop The Rev. Goodsil Filley Arms died of Tasmania from 1889 to 1901 and Thousands of institutions and individ- at Tarpon Springs, Fla., December 9, Secretary of the Society for the Propuals have accepted a similar invitation, after a long illness. For many years agation of the Gospel from 1901 to and have enjoyed a profitable printing he was a leader of Methodist educa- 1918, died at Moville, Ireland, on association for years. tional work in Chile, pastor, district November 25, 1932, at the age of superintendent and president of Con- eighty-five. Bishop Montgomery was Our specialty is Books, Magazines and cepcion College for Girls, where he greatly respected and beloved by a Booklets. We have modern equipment and Mrs. Arms had abundant success wide circle of friends. He lived a full to meet all the requirements of your for twenty-three years. He was the life, with scope for his many talents. particular job. Our service is quick, builder of Methodism in southern He was athlete and scholar, organcareful and courteous. Chile. Later he was United States izer and spiritual director, traveler, Consular Agent at Coquimbo, and pas- preacher and author. Most of all he Why not allow us to estimate on your tor, and still later was pastor at San- was a great man, a true Christian nem printing ? You will be delighted tiago and president of the Union Semwith our product, price, and service. inary. Since 1927 he has lived in • • • and devoted servant of God. Florida, where Mrs. Arms (a notable Colonel Charles C. Welte, head of The Evangelical Press the men's social service department worker in her own right) died in 1931. of the Salvation Army's Eastern ter- Printers of He wrote many articles and pamph- ritory, died on January 9th at Arling- ton, New Jersey, of heart disease. The Missionary Review of the World Colonel Welte was 58 years old and had been an officer of the Salvation PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: Army for thirty-seven years. He was born in· Basle, Switzerland. 'l'hUd and Reily Sueeta HarrisblUg, Pa.

Finality of Jesus Christ Stone

Princeton, 1932 By ROBERT E. SPEER A careful apologetic in which a mis- Syllabus: I. The Church's Conception of Christ in the First Two Centuries; II. The Attitude of I' sionary student and administrator who Primitive Christianity Toward Non-Christian Reli- has spent forty years in this service de- gions; III. The View of Christ and Non-Christian clares unflinchingly for the absolute para- mountcy of the Saviour of mankind. Religions Which Sustained the Expansion of Chris- tianity; IV. Can We Still Hold the Primitive View Attractive Cloth Binding $2.50 of Christ?; V. What View Shall We Take Today of Non-Christian Religions?

CLELAND BOYD McAFEE MABEL POWERS The Uncut Nerve of Missions The Indian as Peacemaker The New Outlook says: "Surely a book for the hour. "Historical records, traditions, songs, customs and ideals Frankly faces the whole situation, deals with criticism from the Indians themselves that prove the essentially honestly and fairly and presents the undertaking in all peaceful purpose of a large part of the Indian race. A book worthy of study and preservation."-Christian its aspects with a straightforward sincerity. $1.50 Standard. $2.00 SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, F.R.G.s. WILUAM OWEN CARVER, D.D.

Across the World of Islam The Cours. of Christian Missions A brand new edition of an authentic survey of the whole A succinct yet comprehensive record, which traces the field of Moslem countries written by the foremost living main line of the history and development of missions authority on Islam. Illustrated, $3.00 down to the present day. $3.00 ISABEL CRAWFORD ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN, D.D.

A Jolly Joumal The Foreign Missionary Anyone who knows Isabel Crawford, author of A new and thoroughly revised edition of a missionary "Kiowa," etc., is well aware that she can never say nor classic by one who has been described as "the highest write anything that isn't interesting, instructive and authority on problems relating to Christian civilization entertaining. Illustrated, $1.50 in the Far East." Net, $2.00 FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY, 158 Fifth Avenue, New York Or, At All Boolesellers Moslem Opposition Is Yielding BEFORE CHRISTIAN TESTIMONY The Good News of Christ interpreted to Moslems through the Christian life and literature is winning a hearing for the Gospel in many l.snds.

Will you help to supply this much needed Christi.sn literature for millions who have never he.srd this Good News—in Egypt Syria Irale China Morocco Palestine Penia Java Aigier. Turleey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa Send your help to the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems Cooperating with Interdenominational Committees on the Reid.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President •• Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L Pierson, of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Mrs. William Borden Mrs. J. M. Montgomery Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Dr. James Cantine, Cor. Sec. Mrs. E. E. Olcott, TredS. Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.D. Rev. Mills J. Tllylor, D.D. Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Dr. John H. Raven Rev. A. C. Snead Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D.

Gifts may be sent to The Treasurer at 116 East 68th St., New York City. Apply for information to THE MOSLEM WORLD, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1926

JANUARY, 1926

JANUARy……A Month of Special Values Send for Catalogue T HIS CATALOGUE brings McCutcheon's store to you wher- ever you may live. Good illustrations, concise descriptions and clearly marked prices make it easy to shop from the January Catalog. Damask Table Linens, Fancy Linens, Blankets and Comfortables, Bed Linens, Curtains and D raperies are shown at reduced prices. You "'(ill also find excellent values in Hosiery, Blouses, Dress Fabrics, Corsets, Lingerie, Children's and Juniors' Wear and in Maids' and Nurses' Uniforms.

Write today for this New Catalogue Safety First This is a good motto for investors as wei as travellers. Many in- vestors accept a low ra~e of inter- est thinking it is essential to safety. There ·is no safer investment than ' ANNUITY AGREEMENTS of · the Mission Boards of the Methodist Episcopal Church and the rate is higher than in many other safe investments. Investigate thoroughly and satisfy yourself.

llR. CAROL. OUR MISSIONARY AT ELLIS Write to- I SL A,ND. W ITH A SLOVAK MAN AND . A CROTIAN WOMAN W. J. Elliott. Treasurer. Board of Home Mis- sions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episco- pal Chwch. 170 I Arch ::itreet. Philadelphia. P•.• or Morria W. Ebnea, Treasurer. Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Filth Avenue. New 'tork. N . 'to Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to jldvertisers. THE 'MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Edllor CONTENTS FOR JANUARY, 1926 Page FRONTISPIECE …. A CHRISTIAN ELDEIl. AND HIS FAMILY AT HOME IN NORTH SIAM EDITORIALS ………………………………………………….•.•… 5 THE REOIPE FOR A HAppy NEW YEAR FAITH, FAITHS AND No FAITH TURKEY, RELIGION AND THE MISSIONARIES Two VEn'ERAN MISSIONARIES TO INDIA OUR NEW FRoNTIERS DONALD FRASER OF NYASALAND CHRISTIANITY AT HOME AND ABROAD ……•. HELEN BARREn'T MONTGOMER.Y 17 A striking contrast between the Christian forces and resources in the United States and those in Japan, China and India.

A JAPANESE TRIBUTE TO OHRIS·TIANITY …………… JurORI SHlMOMURA 20 A rema<rkaqle testimo1l1J from a representat'iv(!" of the ])epart·ment of Education. in Japoo as to the va!ue of Christianity and the work of Christian. missions.

CHRISTIAN MOVEMENTS IN THE NON·CHRISTIAN WORLD .. SHERWooD EDUY 21 A genera! survey of signs of progress in Asia as seen by one who has made many journeys around the world.

'rREATING IMMIGRANTS AS BROTHERS . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COE HAYNE 25 A description of the humanizing and Christianizing work carried on in Ellis Island by the representatives of the Government and of the Christian churches of America.

PARABLES OF LIFE IN CHRIST ………………..•… SADHU SUNDAR SINGH 31 Striking i!!ustrations from nature and life to illustmte the power of Christ in human life.

MAHATMA GANDHI'S ADDRESS TO MISSIONARIES………………….. 34 A recent address delivered by the well-known Indian leader at a meeting of the National Christian CouncU of India, together with the for"ible reply of the Chairman.

A BANKER'S VERDICT ON CHRIST'IAN MISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . F. W. STEVENS 39 Some cOfIClusions reached by a New York busmess man, never before interested in missions, as a result of his first-hand contacts and investigations in China.

LIFE OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN NORTH SIAM …… HAZEL. E. HANNA 41 Intimate view~ of the life of women and ohildren of the Laos, deslYl"ibing their customs, trawing and characteristics, written by one who has lived and worked among them.

BEST METHODS OF SPECIFIC GIVING ………. EmTED BY Mas. E. C. CRoNK 47 WOMAN'S HOME AND FOR,EIGN'MISSION BULLETINS ..•……….••….• 55 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS •….•••..•..•……..•.•………….•…….. 61 'rHE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ………………………………………… 77 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of nve.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. PLlblished monthly. CDpyrighted, 19216, by MrSSIONA,ltY REv!KW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert E. Speer, PresIdent WllIlam I. Chamberlain, Vice-President Dela.van L. Pierson, secretary Walter McDouga.ll, Trea.surer Publ1cation omc., 3d &. Reily St•., Harrisburg, Editorial and Business Omee. 156 Firth Avenue. Pa. 260. a copy $2.60 a year New York City Elntared &B second-cla.ss matter at the Post omce. Harrisburg, Pa.• under Act ot March 3. 18'71) PERSONALS YOUR Children DR. J OII,N R. MOTT, General Secretary of What Are They Studying at the International Y. M. C. A. and Chairman ,sU N DA Y-SCHOOL? of the Intel'llational Missionary Council, has left, with Mrs. Mott, on a Pacific Basin tour Are they learning that during which they expect to travel about the Bible is the Word of 45,000 miles. They plan to visit Japan, God, and a trustworthy Korea, China, the Philippines, SUlnatra, guide to eternal life? Are Java, Australia, New Zealand and Hawaii, they being taught that arriving home on June 4, 192'6. I €Sus Christ is the Son of God. and the Saviour of •** the World? Or are their minds being filled with REV. ROCKWELL lliRMON PO'l'Tl'l&, D.D., of the doubts and denials of Hartford, Conn., has been elected President Evolution and Modernof the American Board of Commissioners ism? for Foreign Missions to succeed Dr. E. C. Moore. The new vice·president is Dr. Ken· YON feoclzers OM po,- yon L. Butterfield, formerly of Amherst, hut nOW President of the Michigan Agricultural ents ought to know. Our School. Sunday School publica- tions, written for all de- nominations, are true to tbe Word of God.

EON. YEN Hm C:H'ING, the newly-ap- The "Full Gospel" Line of International Lessons pointed ambassador of China in Great Brit- ain, is the son of a Protestant Episcopal TEACHERS' QUARTERLY An absolutely new publication, prepared with rna exclergyman and was graduated from St. pense spared to make it the very best handbook for John's College, Shanghai, and Yale Univer- Sunday School teachers available. There are five dis- tinct departments. sity. • REv. RoBEB.T LAws, M.D., for fifty years a y~~~~ i!~~~!:;;'~e~1,~I~e~~!J Bib]~ Study missionary of the United Free Church of classes.. Topics are selected, and expositions furnished to cover every phase of Christian experience. ' Scotland in Livingstonia, Africa, has been decorated by KOng George, a Commander of SENIOR QUARTERLY the Order of St. Michael and St. George. Specia 1features are: Lesson Subject, Lesson Text, Lesson in Brief, Lesson Outline~ Lesson Exposition, Lesson Questions, Home Readings, Practical Points.

* INTERMEDIATE QUARTERLY Meets the needs of young people between the~!!S.of BISHOP lL ST. GEORGlll TUOKER, of the Protestant Episcopal diocese of Kyoto, has l:;':~es~~m~lit~~~c;~()~~~blication, with ~al found it necessary, on account of his wife's JUNIOR QUARTERLY health, to give up his work in Japan. te:~~J~~:r~~~~~r It~U~:fa~pl~~~~re~hS~:u~! *** Reading, Memory Passage. Questions, The Lesson Story, Illustra.tions and an Introduction. REv. G. CAMPBELL MORGAN, D.D., enters, on January 1st, on a six months' service a. H~l)'It~e'l~:'!!~~~~Ien?~~n,~'yQuarlerly, special preacher, in the First Presbyterian adapted for home use.

Clmrel1 of Columbus, Ohio. THE ALLIANCE WEEKLY For-adult classes, The Alliance Weekly is an excep- ** tionally' fine Sunday School paper. In addition to 8 REV. SIMEON CoRNELIUS, one of the lead- Lesson };xposition in ea.ch issue, there is an abundance ing Indian preachers in the Arcot Mission, of Bible study material. sermons and missionary South India, is making a tour of the articles.

el1urel1es of the Reformed Ohurch in Amer- THE YOUTH'S COUNSELLOR iea. th~iBilifei~n~u~~I~~~r:Pt~f ::~v e:s:;:~ln~~~: and entertaining. Clean, spiritual stories; live mis- *** helpful Sunday School notes, and in· s ·es. MIss CHENG YOA Hsm, the first Chinese woman to receive the degree of Doctor of J BOYS AND CIRLS r~1 A lively, interesting paper ~ys and girls between Laws from the University of Paris has been 'the ages of ten and fourteen. Bristle~ with Bible stories, appointed a member of the newly-established incidents and applications. lJiusl,aIed.

Law Compilation Bureau in Peking.

JOY BELLS OBITUARY Delights the little primary people. The pictures and simple stories are fine. Issued weekly. REV. CHAUNCY GooDltlCR, D.D., who had just compl~ed sixty years of missionary Picture Lesson Cards service ~.()IUna 'under the American Board, passed to his reward on September 28th at Picture Lesson Rolls the age of ninety. He labored twenty-nine years to complete a mandarin version of the Lesson Leaflets Bible. Write for Free Samples and Price MaS. EUGENE P. DUNLAP, a missionary of Lists of Sunday School Supplies the American Presbyterian Church in Siam for fifty years, entered into rest at Ken- Send/or Our Catalog sington, Pa., on December 1st. The Christian Alliance Publishing Colnpany Boob Bibles Tract. Mottoes Sunday School Supplies 260 We.t 44th Street NEW YORK, N. Y.

PIeos. Mention This PeriodicaL Please mention 'l'mI: MISSIONARY RBVIEW OF THB WORLD In writing to advertisers.

XLIX ONE THE RE'CIPE FOR A HAPPY NEW YEAR T HE NEW YEAR opens with countless new possibilities-for goo~ or for evil. 'fhe past year opened with similar promises and forebodings, some of which have been fulfilled. The disturbances in China, in India, in Egypt and Turkey, in the Balkans, in Russia and America, have been counterbalanced by hopeful signs of progress shown at the 'Vashington Convention, in the Conference on Latin America held at Montevideo, in the agreement to promote European peace reached at Locarno, and in the religious awakenings in various parts of the world.

But past achievements do not give sufficient ground for confidence. The continued unrest in social, industrial and national affairs, the prevalence of crime and immorality, the growing indifference to the laws of God and of man, and the selfishness exhibited by all classes, all these tendencies increase the conviction that a new year is not of any great value unless men and women have a new heart-a new purpose and a new power that come from a new and vital relationship to God. The turning over of a new page will not change a man '8 program. The coming of a new general into power in China will not insure national peace. 'fhe election of a new National Council in India will not give prosperity to the people. The enactment of new laws in Turkey will not establish justice and brotherhood. The signing of new treaties in E:urope will not obliterate suspicion and strife. Something more is needed to put an end to international jealousies, to bring industrial justice, to put down crime and to raise standards of morality and brotherly love.

A NEW YEAJl.! What might it mean if it were marked by new faith'in God, new loyalty to Christ, new love for man, new obedience to the Great Commission to teach and to live Christ among all peoples and in all circumstances. It is a new heart-" a new creation"-that is needed so that "old things will pass away" and "all things will become new." A new year of life and hope and power 5

may begin at any time when men and women surrender to the control of Jesus Christ and begin to live His life among men. This and this alone assures a Happy New Year.

OUR NEW FRONTIERS ..n..tMERICA has ,frontiers of superstition, ignorance, and prejudice. In our cities are solid national colonies differing in no way from areas in Italy, Poland, Greece, Russia and other countries. The language, customs and habits are foreign. There are rural areas where counties are solidly foreign and where the language of the schools is foreign.

Near many cities and towns foreign people are buying cheap land along electric lines and in areas with good roads on which with bicycles, motorcycles, cars, electrics, they go to their work and return. Shortened hours of work allow such men to clear their land, build fences, plant gardens and care for cows and poultry and still by rapid conveyance avoid loss of time. In their cheap, second-hand cars they carry their eggs, milk and vegetables to market and by barter and sale they make ends more than meet and become savers.

To reach these foreign groups permanently, with sure and spiritual results, calls for methods and wisdom of a type not generally shown by churches and their spiritual leaders. And yet non-Christian forces are making their influences felt among these foreigners in the cities, towns and in the open country. Propaganda of dangerous ideas is widespread and these foreign groups are the fertile soil for teachings that are subversive not only of our civilization, 'but of faith in God and in the Way of Life revealed through Jesus Christ.

c. L. w.

TURKEY, RELIGION AND THE MISSIONARIES T URKEY was once the stronghold of Mohammedanism. The Sultan was the Caliph, the acknowledged head of all Islam, which was the state religion. Education was vitally related to the mosque and the Sheikh-ul Islam was appointed by the Sultan. The laws of Mohammed were the laws of the land. Turkey was as truly a Moslem Empire as Italy was a Catholic Empire when the Pope's temporal sway was acknowledged over all the land.

What a change has come over Turkey! Not only has the Sultan been expelled and the caliphate abolished, but the Republic has been made a secular state, with nominal religious liberty. Government and religion have been separated by decree of the State; the office of Sheikh-ul-Islam been abolished so that Islam is not directly represented on the National Council; the mosques are under the Commissioner of Public Instruction and the teaching of religion in public and private schools is forbidden.

EDITORIAL OOM;MEiNTS

In the Turkish schools, this last regulation has not yet been fully enforced. In Christian schools, Moslem students are not allowed by the law to attend chapel exercises or Bible classes. The management of some of these schools has taken the position officially with the Government that they cannot be expected to act as police and drive out any Moslem students who may wish to attend voluntarily. Some actually do attend from choice. In schools where there are Ohristian students, chapel exercises and Bible classes for such are permitted; but the effort is being made to have such classes held outside the regular program of the school. ",Vhere only Moslem students attend, no general chapel exercise or Bible class is permitted.

On the other hand the Turkish University in Constantinople has a course on religion, with a regular Hodja (Moslem religious teacher) in charge. The Government has also made provision for separate religious schools elsewhere through the country, showing that they are not opposed to the teaching of Islam in public and in private, as has been said. Many of the leaders of the present administration are, however, men with no belief in any religion, and deeply religious Moslems accuse the whole Government of being atheistic and antireligious. This accusation is probably too sweeping, but Islam has not now the hold on the Government of Moustafa Kemal Pasha that it used to have.

Agnosticism and even atheism have made great strides among the Turks since the failure of the call to the Jihad, or holy war in 1914. Nevertheless the vast majority of the common people are still deeply religious; and if Turkey is really a republic ruled by the people, there is likely to be a reaction against the growing atheism.

The present situation forms a testing time for Christian missionaries. While the Government has not put an absolute ban on missionary teaching or the preaching of Christianity to Turks, such work can only be done individually and privately, not in schools or churches. The Government contends that in America and in France the schools are completely secularized, so that the same should be true in Turkey. According to law, everyone is free to profess whatever religion he chooses so that Turks may become Christians. In that case, however, they must face opposition, bitter persecution and possibly death at the hands of their families and friends. While the Government does not punish them for professing Christianity, it may accuse them of disloyalty and try to convict them of treason on other grounds. A Turk is not usually persecuted or punished for attending a Christian service; and in spite of the fact that mission schools are known as Christian institutions, Turks not only enroll in them in increasing numbers, but the Government itself places children in mission schools.

As a result of the present governmental restrictions, emphasis must now be oil personal work with individuals. "For this there is

everywhere abundant opportunity," writes a. missionary in Turkey. Most interesting reports come from the Missions, telling of individ- uals seeking private interviews, and delighting in the systematic study of the Bible with missionaries. Several Moslems have already professed their faith in Jesus Ohrist as their personal Saviour. While the number of Turks baptized since the war is small, a large number are genuinely and deeply stirred, and are learning what it means to be a Ohristian. Women missionaries find cordial reception in Turkish homes, and are frequently asked to read and explain the Bible there. There has been no instance thus far of any missionary being obliged to leave the country because of such personal work. Formerly most of the mission work was among Ohristian sects but today practically the only place in Turkey where such work is being carried on is in Oonstantinople. Missionaries work among Turks, with the permission of the Government, in Brousa, Merzifoun, Omsarea, Talas, Smyrna, Tarsus, Adana, Aintab, Marash and Mardin, but the Government understands that they are not in Turkey to give a secUlar education, but to live Ohrist so as to win men to Him.

As the political horizon clears and Turkey feels itself less liable to foreign complications, a greater freedom for religious effort will probably result, especially as Turkey is looking westward and not eastward for its models. It is well worth while to be patient with present restrictions, and be in on hand when the conditions become more favorable. The missionaries should be able to count on the whole-hearted support of the American churches in the present situation.

A REPORT FROM A MISSIONARY "The Turkish Government has adopted a policy of breaking the shackles of Islam and doing away with the religious superstitions which have held the Turkish people in bondage for so many centuries, but does not oppose the worship of God in the mosques or in the Ohristian churches. The Koran is taught as a regular subject in the curriculum of the government schools for from two to four hours a week. Many of the-Turkish leaders are becoming practically atheistic or agnostic, and the atmosphere of the Government may be regarded as one of agnosticism, but the Government has refrained from attacking the right of the individual to worship in any way he chooses.

"Public institutions, such as schools and hospitals, are not allowed to teach religion and many Turks, including government officials, strongly oppose any attempt on the part of the missionaries to interpret Ohristianity to individual Turks. The missionaries are free to live in the country, to visit in the homes of the people, to have the people visit their homes and to carryon any kind of personal conversation. The Government has done nothing to stop the circulation of the Old and New Testaments in the Turkish language and

EDITORIAL OOMMENTS

many Turks accept gladly copies of the Bible and place them in their houses.

"It is still possible to do vital and effective missionary work in Turkey today, as is shown by the fact that so many missionaries, with excellent qualifications for their work, are united in the belief that this is possible. Many of these men have remained in Turkey at great personal sacrifice and in the face of invitations to attractive positions in missionary work in other fields. One refused an invita- tion to the presidency of the American University in Beirut because he is not only firmly convinced of our opportunity to present Jesus Christ in Turkey but is also enthusiastically hopeful about the re- suIts of this presentation. "To one who has lived in Turkey for any length of time with an open mind, the attitude of the Turkish Government towards religious teaching iIi our schools is easily understood. Religion in Turkey has always been a nationalistic affair, and the word' Chris- tianity' bears the connotation of nationalistic groups opposed to the Turkish Government in the past. Mission schools are still regarded with suspicion because in the past they so largely served the Chris- tian minorities. Any attempt to teach religion to Turks in these schools is interpreted as an attempt to re-introduce into Turkey a divisive factor which has been infinitely troublesome in the past. We feel sure that this suspicion is gradually being dispelled and that within a reasonable length of time the Turkish Government will realize that Christian missionaries have no ulterior motives in educational work orin religious teaching. When this time comes we are conndent that we will have a very great opportunity for presenting Jesus Christ to the people of Turkey. .

"The missionaries are not so much troubled aboJlt the restric- tions placed upon our work by the Turkish Government as by the fact that so many Americans, who call themselves Christians, show a most un-Christlike and unforgiving spirit of hatred towards the Turks and use all kinds of false arguments with great insistence for our curtailing or aband,oning missionary work in Turkey."

A LETTER FROM CoNSTANTINOPLE-THE OPPORTUNITY "Islam has not been abandoned as a religion either theoretically or practically by the Turkish government or people. I might add (1) that a complete separation between church and state has not taken place, (2) that Islam as a religion is still taught in many Turkish government schools, and that Christianity as a religion is taught to Christian students in private schools, (3) that the Turkish people as a whole are very far from being practically atheistic or agnostic.

"A determined effort is being made, without immediate success, by the present rulers to free the people from the ecclesiastical and

religious trammels of their Moslem past, in the belief that religion is a private matter, if it indeed has any value at all to modern men and women. The first article of the present Constitution declares Islam to be the religion of the country. The Moslem clergy, though greatly reduced in members, are still supported by the Government. The usual services of scores of mosques in Constantinople and proportionately throughout Asia Minor are maintained, although poorly attended. In some cases services have been suspended. The present School Law provides that the religion of the founder of the school may be taught to members of the same religion who are pupils in the school.

"The present rulers of Turkey as a class seem not to be men· of any religious faith and experience. They are nominally Moslems but Islam is a culture as well as a religion. It is also a social system as well as· a culture. A man does not readily free himself from it by refusing to perform the stated daily prayers, or to keep the regular feasts and fasts, etc. A man may become an agnostic in matters of faith but he still allies himself with his fellow-Moslems in most of the habits of his daily life. No doubt there is a very strong current against religion of any kind among educated Turks, especially among the younger men and women, but influential government officials and others seem to take particular pains to emphasize the fact that religion is a private affair and that anyone is free to profess any religion he chooses when and where he chooses. The acid test of this statement may come sooner than we anticipate.

"All Christian missionary work does not consist in running an institution on conventional missionary lines. A missionary's life speaks so much more effectively for good or for evil than anything he can say, that there would be ample basis for the continuation of missionaries in a country even though no institutional work were permitted. The Government of Turkey has always sought to prevent the teaching or preaching of Christianity to Turks. For some reason or other however they are not now carrying on their crusade in such a way as to prevent (1) the publication of Christian literature and wholesome literature generally in Turkish, (2) personal work on the part of many missionaries, teachers, physicians, nurses, social workers, dealing almost exclusively with Turkish men, women or children, (3) the activity of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. in respect to their physical, intellectual and social program, shot through as it is in every part by the spirit of Christ. The Government of Turkey, after placing severe restrictions upon every Christian institution with regard to so-called' Christian propaganda,' nevertheless tolerates Christian missionaries as teachers, physicians, writers, social workers, etc., knowing that they have a reputation for character-building, Christlike influence.

"While Turkish students are not permitted by law to attend

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Christian services or Bible classes in schools or colleges, some of them do so in spite of the law. So far as it can be prevented no personal Christian work is allowed among Turks but for the last century personal Christian work of the most vital kind has been going on among Turks. Persecutions come and will continue to come. That is the way the religion of Christ has spread throughout the centuries. Turkey is no exception. It would be perfectly possible for a missionary to act in such a way that the Turkish Government would expel him from the country. Few of the 108 American Board missionaries in Turkey are now working among Christian sects and many of us believe that at the present time we are engaging in the most vital missionary work that we have ever done. Just because we suffer under the handicap of not being able to fill the pages of missionary journals at home with stories of what Christ is doing among the Turks, we are frequently supposed to be doing nothing and are threatened with lack of support just when we need support most and when the opportunity for doing what we really came to Turkey to do is greatest iIi. spite of restrictions.

"There is a wonderful opportunity in Turkey today for the Christian missionary if he is willing to accept service on Christ's terms. A virile nation is being reborn. It is shaking off the trammels of the barbarism and formalism of the past more rapidly than the most sanguine missionary ever believed possible. 'We do not see many ripe grains yet but the whole field is getting yellow.' Unprecedented opportunities for friendly contact and personal intercourse with Turks are ours todav. We are face to face with a Moslem people to see what Christ can d~ for them through us. Whether He can use us or not depends more largely on us than on the Turkish Government. We feel, as never before, the necessity of complete surrender to the Spirit of Christ, that we may rise to meet the opportunities He has given us. Will you become an active prayer-partner with us in the Turkey Mission ¥"

"N FAITH, FAITHS AND NO FAITH EVER before, any where in the world, has there been such a Fellowship of Faiths as that recently demonstrated in New York and now developing in Boston and other cities." So reads an announcement of a recent effort to bring together Jews and Christians, Catholics and Protestants, Bahaiists, Buddhists, Confucianists, Ethical Culturists, Hindus, Zoroastrians, Moslems, New Thoughtists and others of any faith or of no faith, all in a common "fellowship" for conference and cooperation. Similar movements have been started in the Congress of Religions and conferences of various faiths in Great Britain and elsewhere. Frequently these have been promoted by those who have no deep conviction as to the

truth of anyone religion but who think that any religion is good and that all are based on the same" spiritual fundamentals."

Is such a "Fellowship of Faiths" likely to be helpful in leading men and women to God ~ Can Moslems, with their exaltation of Mohammed over Christ, and Hindus with their devotion to Krishna and a myriad other deities, Buddhists with their belief in karma and Jews with their rejection of Christ-can all these, by public debates, reach any satisfactory basis of agreement as to the true revelation of God and man's relation to Him?

All religions reveal man's need for God and the search of his soul after God. The diversities of ideas, the differences in method of search and the conflicting conclusions do not, however, offer any hope for true fellowship among earnest seekers after God. Such conferences and unions have in the past resulted only in confusion-a babel. We see no basis of agreement between those who receive and those ",horeject God's revelation of Himself and the Way of Life made known thr.ough His Son Jesus Christ.

The announcement above referred to invites us to attend the discussion of "What Hinduism Means" as explained by ten representatives of ten different religions, including Bahaim, Christianity, Judaism, Islam, New Thought and Ethical Culture. 'l'his is the program set up in a Christian church in New York under avowedly Christian auspices! What can come from such a presentation but a jumble. of ideas, a conflict of statements and opinions, a religious hash made up of various views-true and false, poisonous and wholesome, godly and ungodly 1 The religion of Christ has nothing to fear from a frank and full comparison with other religions but it is difficult to imagine Christ or His apostles setting up in Jerusalem, Antioch, Corinth or Rome a "Fellowship of Faiths" where friends and foes were invited to discuss the merits of their various cults. Such a method develops partisanship through argument. The Christian message is a testimony – a witness to Christ and to what God's revelation of Himself means to one who has experienced new life in Christ. While loyal disciples may appropriately invite those ignoran.t of such reve]ation and e.xperien:ce to investigate freely, and to have their difficulties removed, there can be no real "fellowship" between those who accept and those who reject the Son of God.

The Christian religion welcomes frank, earnest investigation, but loyal Christians have no time to waste in promoting fruitless debates in which adherents of various cults seek to uphold their particular philosophy. Christians should seek to understand the views and obstacles that prevent others from following Jesus Christ but they cannot unite in any" fellowship" that is not in harmony with fellowship with the Father and with His Son Jesus Christ.

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TWO VETERAN MISSIONARIES TO INDIA O VER fifty years ago, on October 29, 1874, Robert A. Hume arrived in India to begin his work as a Christian missionary under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. For half a century he has continued his strenuous and manifold work in behalf of the inhabitants of the Deccan and has become widely known and highly honored by the people. Dr. Hume's jubilee last year was worthily celebrated in Ahmednagar where he was acclaimed "its most distinguished citizen and one of India's worthiest sons."

Robert Hume was born of missionary parents on March 18, 1847 in the city of Bombay. At the age or seven he set sail with hiR dying father for the long journey to America via the Cape of Good Hope, the Suez Canal not being opened until fifteen years later. His stricken father passed away and was buried at sea, having com- forted his wife and children with the words: "vVe are not where we ourselves chose to be but where our Heavenlv ]J'ather would have us be." The character of Robert Hume's mother is indicated by her words to him when he was sailing as a missionary twenty years later: "Half my life goes with you to India, but God knows it has been my dream that you should go there."

Dr. Hume has done a remarkable work on religious, philanthropic and national lines. He has many intimate friends in every Indian community and years ago was elected to the National Congress by his "fellow-Indians" as he delights to call them. He has been able to take a great and helpful part in the public movements of the day in India and in recognition of his leadership in famine relief operations the Government conferred on him the Kaiser-i·Hind gold medal for Public Service. One of his latest accomplishments has been the erection of a number of dwellings to improve the housing conditions in the city where he has lived for the past half-century.

Dr. Hume is well known as a notable preacher, editor, author, philanthropist, publicist, theologian and ambassador of Christ to India. On several occasions he has been English editor of the weekly English-Marathi Christian journal, the DnJ/anodaya, and two books on Indian Missions have come from his pen, viz., "Missions from the Modern View," and "An Interpretation of India's Religious History." Perhaps his most distinctive contributiotl t~ IndiaIi. Missions has been his championship of the Indian Church a1ld the support he has given to its leaders.

Dr. Hume's missionary career would have been notable had there been nothing else to his credit beside his more than twenty years' i'nfluence as "guide philosopher and friend" to the Christian poet of Maharastra, the Rev. Narayan Vaman Tilak, and the converted Chitpavan Brahman who in those two decades gave poetry to India.

There are scores of other Indian Christian ministers upon whom Dr. Hume has exerted the same unique influence.

The missionary's sympathy with the Indians and his remarkable adaptability and readiness to meet every possible situation have given him a great place in the hearts of the peasants of the Deccan. He has worked long for church union in India and has been elected first moderator of the United Church of India North, which combines the Congregationalist and Presbyterian Churches of Western India.

JAMES C. R. EWING Another honored veteran missionary, "an ambassador of Christ to India" was the late Sir James Caruthers Rhea Ewing, D.D., LL.D., D.Lit., K.C.I.E., who passed to his reward from his home in Princeton, New Jersey, on August 20th. Dr. Ewing was seventy years of age and had spent forty-three years in India-thirty of them as President of Forman Christian College, Lahore.

Dr. Daniel J. Fleming, formerly of India, writes of some of Dr. Ewing's characteristics that made him a great man, a great Christian and a great missionary. He says: "I name first Dr. Ewing's mastery of the vernacular. From the first moment in India his will was bent to overcome this preliminary condition for witnessing and for oneness with the people. Not every one knew that behind this easy flow of Hindustani in Dr. Ewing's sermons and addresses had been exceptionally faithful application. Dr. Ewing had a democratic freedom from any sense of racial superiority and a frank, natural liking for human folk. In his prime he could have called by name three-fourths of the student body of what is the largest mission institution of college grade in the world. His warm fellowship took in young and old, men and women of the non-Christian community as well as of the Indian Christians, government officials as well as nationals.

"Service disregarding cost to self marked his career in India. Many a day he went about his duties as principal of the college with a splitting headache although he might have been free from that in America. Many a time he would go to class while suffering from fever. For years he definitely faced the possibility of shortening his life by continuing in India in accordance' with God's will as he saw it. There was not one shred of shirking in him, and he held all the college staff up to their best by the example of his own loyalty to duty.

"PHleminent among Dr. Ewing's characteristics was his loyalty, to his Saviour, Jesus Christ. At governor's reception or senate hall he always wore, as was his custom, clerical dress which was symbolic of the unhesitating outspoken way by which he made it plain to all where he himself stood in all moral and religious questions. In a college which in the nature of things was made up largely of non-

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Christian student~ and where the tension between Christian and Hindus or Mohamil.'ledans might easily become disastrbus, he made it perfectly plain to his staff that they should speak unhesitatingly of Jesus Christ. As a good administrator he discouraged any artificial religious excitement, but was quite willing to face the disruption of the college through the Baptism of one who was found in Christ his Saviour. It is not surprising that Dr. Ewing's last words were, 'I know that my Redeemer liveth.'

"Dr. Ewing was a big caliber missionary. Not infrequently did men say that no man in northern India, whether civilian or governor, surpassed Dr. Ewing in widespread and varied influence. Hence it was, that responsibilities came heavily upon him in mission, in college and in university, and in all sorts of public and governmental relations. His honors betoken this. Yet through it all, Dr. Ewing would be the first to say, 'Not by might, nor by power, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord.' "

" C DONALD FRASER – "ONE "VHO SMILES WITH ANY ONE" HISEKESEKE," the African nallle given to the Rev. Donald Fraser, D.D., means "one who smiles with any one." After many years in Nyasaland, Dr. Fraser has become Home Organization Secretary of the Foreign Mission Committee of the United Free Church of Scotland. The following address was presented to Dr. Fraser by the African Christians on his departure from the field: "We, as members of the Mombera Native Association, have heard with . deep regret that you have received a eall from the Home Church to leave your post here for ever that you may serve God in another noble work in Scotland. As by God's grace our eyes have been opened, we must frankly say that we have observed the following things in your long and blessed service: .

"1. The people among whom you came were utterly lost, so that their spiritual life was uncared for; but you, with your care for the salvation of souls, proved yourself an earnest follower of Christ's Gospel by preaching and by opening schools in very many villages, so that people in these villages might be redeemed from sin and its consequences. As the result of your preaching and opening of schools there is today many a saved soul. These are the crown of your ceaseless activities.

"2. Your heart, which was full of compassion for the unsaved, was restless and unsatisfied in spite of many conversions, and so you resolved to hold annual conventions for the following reasons: (a) to deepen Christian truths in those already converted;. (b) to bring to the Light those who were still in spiritual darkness. These conventions have been the means of salvation to hundreds of souls in Angoniland.

"3. On the day when you first left Scotland you had only English music in your mind, but, after you lived among the ~goni here, you drew very sweet music out of the native mind by eneouraging us to sing praises to God in purely native tunes, and now Ngoni tunes are sung in many languages in

and outside Ngoniland. OUI" Ngoni and Tumbuka hymn books are rich in native hymns, which today are another means of spreading the Gospel.

"4. As you saw a Christian Church forming in Ngoniland, you resolved to teach the infant Ohurch that a Church that is sympathetic with the unsaved ~s a Church that is blessed and that grows strong within itself, and so you sent teachers to Marambo and Usena to make Christ known to those faraway lands. Glory be to God that you aid not only senu teachers to Marambo, but yourself went there constantly, preaching, teaching, baptizing, celebrating Communions, organizing the Church, opening and inspecting schools . . .

"5. Many of those who had the opportunity of understanding you have found in you a passion for winning souls for Christ. as you have again and again been found pleading with backsliders and infidels to come to Christ. Your study was ever open to those who came to you for spiritual help, and you, in turn, have visited many a hut to teach and plead for Christ in the individual home.

"6. Through God's grace and help your intellectual powers have been a great store out of which new and helpful ideas and plans have come from time to time to feed and nourish the infant Church of the Ngoni., and those who are spiritually minded will never forget you in this.

"7. In 1915 the Ngoni learned something new from you-that you did not come from Scotland simply for the redemption of men's souls, but for the redemption of their bodies as well: We remember when the Boma wished to punish some parts of Ngoniland beeause of the chiefs' unwillingness to lend a hand in the Great War, you were the man who encouraged the Ngoni to go and take their sha.r{l in that ·Wu;.. We must never forget that memorable day when, at your word, hundreds ·of men, .with teachers among them, thronged to the Borna at Mzimba~ offering· themselves for service in the Great War. Chiefs and Indunas have always found in you a great and sympathetic helper in. political matters.

"8. In difficult circumstances, bothspiritnal and physical, you have stood firm in faith and hope for brighter days.· Surely you have proved yourself a real optimist; and your encouragement to us in many dark times has put new life in us. We admit that on the part of the people you came to help there have been ingratitude, disappointment, sin, and apostasies from the Christian faith, but amid all these you have been found faithful to them. Hence, many love you dearly, and call you a father who has begotten them .through forbearance and sympathy."

THE BIBLE HOUSE OF LOS ANGELES* T HIS Bible house, of which Mr. R. D. Smith is the secretary, has for twenty-five years been publishing and distributing a high type of evangelical literature. The workers cooperate heartily with the regular denominational missionary agencies by supplying underscored Spanish New Testaments and other Christian literature, especially for Spanish-speaking peoples in the United States and in all parts of Latin America. Missionaries are most grateful for this help and the blessing of God has abundantly rested on the work.

• An unsympathetic reference to this highly respected evangelical agency was printed by mistake in our November number. This we deeply regret as the work.. has our hearty sympathy,- EDITOR.

at Home and~Abroad-A

Comparison BY MRS. HELEN B.Affi.RETT MONTGOMERY, ROCHESTER, NEW YORK Author of "Prayer and Missions," ete., etc.

O NE cannot comprehend the magnitude of the task confronting the Christian Church in non-Christian lands except by com- paring the Christian forces of those lands with our forces in America. It is difficult enough here, with all advantages of centuries of Christian tradition and Christian institutions. What must it be in lands blighted by superstitions, ignorance and idolatry1 In the United States there were in 1925 more than fifty million communicant members of the Christian Church (Catholic and Prot- estant). This means about one professing Christian to every two members of the population. 'l'here are thirty-three . million Protestants at home, or nearly one Protestant com- municant to every three non-Protes- tants.

In India, on the other hand, the Christian communicants (Catholic and Protestant) numbered about one in everyone hundred of the population.

This is proportionately only about one CHURCH MEMBER RATIO TO pOPu- • •• LATION IN AMERICA fiftieth of the strength of the ChrIstIan Church in America. If there were no more church members in the United States proportionately than there are in India, there would be but a little over 1,000,000 all told (Catholic and Protestant), or less than the Spiritualists count in their membership. If these members were evenly distributed, a city of ten thousand population, where there are now four thousand church members, would have less than one hundred Christians.

In China there are about two and a half million Protestants and Roman Catholics, many of them only nominal Christians. The Prot- estants number about one in eight hundred of the population. If America were no better evangelized, there would be only one Protes- tant Christian in 150,000 in the United States or three thousand Protestant church members in New York City. At this rate, the whole Christian body (Catholic and Protestant) in America would equal the present membership of the Lutheran Churches.

In Japan there are nearly 250,000 nominal Christians (Protes- tants, Roman Catholic and Rlussian Orthodox)-about 155,000 of them being Protestant. This means one professing Christian in less than three hundred of the popUlation. In the same proportion, 17 2

the professing Christians of the United States are, as a body, one hundred times stronger than they are in Japan. The same proportion of Christians to the population as in Japan would mean only 330,000 Christians in America. Evenly distributed, a village of six hundred people would have only two church members and the nominal church members in the United States would be less than the Mormon Church membership. Comparing evangelical Christians, those in possession of the open Bible and best fitted for intelligent evangelism, the thirty-three million Protestant church members of the United States are nearly sixty times as many proportionately as the evangelical Church in India, two hundred and seventy times stronger proportionately than in China, and one hundred and fifty times stronger than in Japan. If the Protestant Church of the United States were no stronger than in China, we would have only 150,000 or about as many as the mem- bership of the Reformed Church in America. In Japan there is one Protestant Church member to every five hundred of the population; in the same proportion, the Protestants in the United States would be no more numerous than the Greek Orthodox or about 200,,000 members. Or on the basis of evangelical Christianity in India, instead of 33,000,000 Protestant Christians in A.merica we would have only about half as many as the present membership of the Northern Baptist Churches. If these were evenly distributed, a city of thirty thousand would contain less than two hundred Protestant church members.

When, to the numerical disparity between the Christian forces of America and those of other lands we add the lack of spiritual training and experience, the contrast becomes even more startling. 'fhe comparatively strong American Church is supplemented by Christian schools, newspapers, books, hospitals, the Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Association, and many other institutions. In America there is at least one minister, one teacher, one doctor, one nurse in every five hundred of the population; more than twenty out of everyone hundred of our population are in school,

OHRISTIANITY AT ROME AND ABROAD-A COMPARISON

college or university; books and papers abound; travel is easy; the postal service reaches every corner of the land; railways and good roads bring people together. In China and India, illiteracy is the rule and education the exception; physicians and nurses average less than one to every five hundred thousand. Multitudes in Asia and) Africa are without the possibility of going to school, or of read- ing books and papers. Besides this there is lacking the general back- ground of common traditional knowledge about the all-wise and lov- jng God, the soul and the divine Saviour from sin. The Church in these non-Christian lands is weak, still hardly free from the super- stitions of heathen traditions in the midst of which it lives.

H ow can these Christian allies carryon without ottr aid?

Anyone who studies the present conditions from a Christian viewpoint must be convinced of the absolute necessity of Christianizing the world if there is to be any hope of setting men free from oppression, selfishness and strife. Hence the call comes to Christians in America and Europe in an inescapable challenge. Our allies on Asiatic frontiers must have help if the battle is to be won either here or there. Their battle is our battle and so is their victory, as much as if the conflict were waged in our very neighborhood. The cause is one and we have one Great Commander.

When one considers the effort and the money expended to give the Gospel to the unevangelized in America, we feel ashamed of the failure to do more for those who have not our opportunities and advantages. We are not doing too much at home. There is need here for trained Christian ministers and doctors, for teachers and nurses, but if we need so many in America what about the other millions whom Christ came to save but who have not yet learned of His salvation 1 Here is the failure of our modern Christianity. So long as this failure continues we can have no power for the conquest of our evils at home. A Church that is disobedient to its Lord in this primal obligation-the spread of the Gospel throughout the world-is certain to be a Church shorn of power. We should have at least as many missionaries abroad as in our own land, and we should give at least as much money to evangelize those in Asia and Africa as to maintain the Church in America, where the popUlation is only one eighth that of the unevangelized world. Under the present conditions, how c;l,n we hope that our protestations of loyalty to Christ will be taken seriously!

The men, the money, the earnest effort put into war register our determination to win the conflict. So the men, the money, the prayer and effort put into the effort to win mankind for Christ register our loyalty to Him and our sense of the value of the Gospel. When we give to world evangelism only about $40,000,000 a year, or the price of one ice cream soda and the cost of a moving picture

ticket each week, the taint of unreality must affect all our prayers and our service. Toamusements we give twenty-seven cents out of every dollar spent, while to benevolence and religion we give less than one cent.

To 'attack the tremendous task of world evangelization with courage and intelligence, with determination and with the sacrificial spirit, would transform the life of the Church at home and the spirit that actuates all our endeavors. The great lack is not funds, but fervor; the greatest need is not numbers of workers so much as it is the need for spiritual power, with a deep conviction of the efficacy and supremacy of the Gospel. We need a more whole-hearted loyalty to Jesus Christ, onr Saviour and Lord, and the Saviour of the whole world.

A Japanese Tribute to Christianity .A testimo,ny by Mr, Juwhi Shimomura, the head of the Bureau of Religions of t"c Government Department of Eduoation, in his address before the third general meeting of the National Christian council of Japan, October 9, 19:25. What a marvelous change hall oome in Japan when the governmental representative of the Department of Education oon make such an address!

I AM most thankful to the Christian Council for what it has con- tributed towards the improvement of the spiritual life of the Japanese, for what has been doue for the nation as a whole and for the great success attained in the propagation of the spirit of Ohristianity in more than two hundred cities and towns during last year's nation-wide Evangelistic Campaign. The work that your Council and its cooperating bodies are doing is not limited only to the problem of faith, but they have done and are doing much in charity, rescue work, and educational work. It is an undeniable fact that it was chiefly the example shown by Ohristianity that has stimulated the other religions and has changed the whole religious world of Japan.

One wish I would like to express has to do with the solution of our social problems-chiefly the solution of the problems of capital and labor. From time to time, various ideas have been made public concerning these problems, but they have always emphasized the material side of things: they have mostly had to do with the production and distribution of wealth or with political problems. In my opinion, problems of the mind or heart are the most important. In the solution of social problems right religious knowledge is most eSl;lential. .

The purpose ascribed to education for adults in England is .after all, to give them a true knowledge of Christ and to teach them to be faithful to Him. Influential men of the Church take the lead in this work.. It seems to me that it is this work that makes the English different from any other nation in the way they seek to solve all sorts of problems. The problems which seem very hard may easily be solved if Christian education is given to the youth.

Movements in the N on-

Christian W orId BY GEORGE SHERwOOD EDDY, LL.D., NEW YORK T ORD MORLEY'S description of what is taking place in India L may apply to almost the whole continent of Asia: "We are witnessing a vast and stupendous process parallel to that which took place in Europe from the fifth to the twelfth century, a people in transition; and to guide that transition may well be called a glorious mission."

The leaders of these plastic nations, the leaders of Asia, with over half the human race, are today being educated. Three forces have brought about this great awakening: European trade, Christian missions, and Western education.

Three centuries ago, with the founding of the East India Company in 1600, European trade reached out and entered the East. A little more than a century and a quarter ago, in 1793,. William Carey went out as the first Protestant missionary from Great Britain to northern India; a little less than a century ago Alexander Duff went out and began the great educational crusade in India. Gradually these forces, working through the masses and among the leaders, have wrought tre~endous changes.

Today, we are witnessing a transition so vast that it may well be called the renaissance of Asia. 'fhe intellectual awakening has been greater than the revival in E1.uope five centuries ago.· There are three million pupils in the new school system of China, about seven million pupils are studying modern education in Japan and India has a wonderful system. Japan has become a nation of leaders, with 98 per cent of her children in school, a stupendous feat of education, achieved in a single generation. China by one stroke swept away the system of two thousand years, adopted modern education, turned temples into colleges, and replaced old classic examination halls by modern schools and colleges.

In India, with forty or fifty thousand college and professional students, a million pupils in secondary schools, and seven million in the great educational system, the foundation of society has changed.

There is a thirst for modern education among the masses of Asia; the leaders of half the world are being educated. This is affecting life, bringing about social, political, industrial and religious changes. In our lifetime a change has come by which Japan has passed from mediroval feudalism into modern constitutional government. China has in a day become a republic and is seeking to establish a real democracy. India is throbbing with new national consciousness that is the mainspring of motive and action today~ 21

Among the leading classes this sense of liberty and the rights of the individual is sweeping with force.

The great intellectual and political awakening in Asia is accom- panied by a great economic, industrial, and commercial awakening.

The trade of China has increased sixfold, the trade of India tenfold, Japan twenty-fold. Great cities are bristling with smokestacks like Pittsburgh or Birmingham, with great hydro and electric works and marvelous irrigation systems. The whole of Asia is changing. There is a great social awakening. Structural changes permeate society as the result of this education spreading a new sense of rights of manhood, uplift of womanhood, and the yalue of childhood, the rights of the individual, and a new passion to uplift the lower classes. Caste is doomed in India and the family system of China is changing from communism to individualism, from bondage to liberty. The students and educated leaders are becoming imbued with a new passion for social service, so that almost unconsciously all Asia is pulsing with a new social awakening.

The moral and spiritual awakening is still more marked. The preaching of the Word of God, the healing in the hospitals, the dis- semination of new ideas through colleges and schools are bearing fruit. The great thought of God as the Father, the living 'J1aly God, the value of the individual, the sense of man's brotherhood, the higher Christian morality, and above all the conception of Jesus Christ, are all creating a new moral and spiritual atmosphere far beyond any record of conversion, permeating all the educated classes of Asia. .

Think what a change has taken place in the last century. One hundred years ago there were only about one hundred Protestant foreign missionaries in the world. Today there is an army of thirty thousand, the Bible in over six hundred languages. Then there was not a hospital or medical missionary in Asia; today more than a thousand missionary physicians with their hospitals and dispensaries, carrying healing of body and soul into the homes of rich and poor.

Then there was a little handful of small mission schools, while today there are fifty thousand colleges and schools inl the non-Christian world, training two and a half million future leaders in every de- partment of thought and life for Africa and Asia.

One hundred years ago there was not a :protestant missionary in Korea or Japan, not fifty in China, and but a little handful in India. Today there are three hundred thousand Protestant Chris- tians in Korea, half a million in China, and two and one quarter million in India. There are signs of progress.

Every week thousands of new members are added to the Church of Christ. Thirty years ago Japan was in the midst of her great anti-foreign, anti-Christian reaction; Korea was unknown, and China was gathering for the Boxer uprising when foreigners would be

CHRISTIAN MOVEMENTS IN THE NON·CHRISTIAN WORLD

killed and Christianity stamped out. India was caste-ridden and conservative, and there seemed not a ray of hope in the Near East that the Mohammedan world would ever change. Today the world is broken wide open. Japan is modern and is marked by great for· ward movements in evangelism. Korea has been swept by the power of Christ so that there gather at prayer meetings 30,000 or more every week. The Christian Korean is a witness and the Gospel is still good news in Korea. Evangelistic movements have also swept over India and China, creating a new mental, and moral, and spiritual atmosphere. Brahmins, M.ohammedans, and Buddhists listen to the Christian message. One young Brahmin whose ancestors wrote the philosophy of the Upanishads when ours were savages, a few years ago bitterly hated Christianity and burned down a mission school, beating the missionary with sticks. Then he became interested and bought a copy of the New Testament. He was gripped by the Sermon on the Mount, his heart was melted by Jesus Christ; he was baptized and suffered the loss of all things, but entered the service of Christ and t09k charge of a large district with Indian pastors, catechists, and teachers, with schools and churches, uplifting that great district in Christian civilization. As in ancient Rome, here and there a Tertullian or an Augustine, so one by one among the British Indians are won to Christ and these will be used to win the masses. Thank God there is a Christward movement among the educated classes.

The leading Brahmin of India, knighted by the British Government and made a British judge, has in his bedroom the picture of Ohrist crucified on the Cross, that he may see it night and morning. Every night he reads the Bible, and has read it again and again. His favorite passages are John's Gospel and Paul's Epistle to the Corinthians. E,very morning from six to seven, though not a Christian in name, he spends in meditation and prayer. He draws his inspiration from Jesus Ohrist. He is not baptized, not on the records of the Christian Chnrch but he believes and worships Christ. The ideas that lie at the heart of the Christian Gospel are permeating every department of Hindu thought and society. There are thousands of secret followers of Jesus Christ outside the range of the Christian Church in India.

Twenty-five years ago, in 1900, China had her Boxer uprising, when the Dowager Empress sent out the decree to kill the foreign devils, and thousands of Christians laid down their lives. Today, officials of the government and officers of the army, and leading educators are outstanding Christians. Thousands of students are studying Christianity in Bible classes. A young college president said to Prof. Robertson: "Where do you Christians get your power and hope and comfortf" Professor Robertson answered: "Let me introduce you to my unseen friend, Jesus Christ." That college president joined a Bible class. Later he began to pray and testified that

suddenly it was as if a great light filled his whole soul, as at the is conversion of Saul of Tarsus. He stood before the college trustees and confessed Christ. Now he the head of a modern institution with students from the eighteen provinces. There is a Christward movement among the educated classes as well as among the masses.

Thank God Christ is at work in the length and breadth of Asia, and there is not only an intellectual renaissance but a spiritual and moral reformation, a movement among the masses, a movement among the millions at the base, and among those educated ones at the top, a movement Christward. Here is a great challenge-shall we meetit1 Here in Christian America we spend three times as much, to mention only miserable despicable trifles, for chewing gum, as would give the Gospel to half a world; twelve times as much for soda water; seventeen times as much for candy as for world-wide missions; one hundred times as much for moving pictures; seventy times as much for tobacco. Here is half the world without Christ and we are'laying up a billion dollars a year. They need what we have, and we are playing with it. Two thousand dollars will run a Christian college for a year, not including the missionary's salary. A thousand or twelve hundred will support a missionary. I know a man whose daughter offered to go to the field. He took two tenths of his income to support her; then they took in boarders and gave more; he is now giving six tenths of his income from a slender salary. A teacher in a school, supporting her mother, has her own foreign missionary abroad. Does not this challenge come as a call from God1 If you could see what money will do out on the mission field, I believe you would try to meet this challenge from the masses and from the educated leaders, and that you would try to support a missionary. "Give ye them to eat."

God, our Father, have mercy upon us, that having known Thy Gospel so long and having had it for centuries, wshohl it back in selfish luxury. Open our eyes to see the poverty and the need and the hunger, the great movemeut among the masses, the great movement among the students, the great movement sweeping through these plastic nations of the Asiatic and the non-Ohristian world. Oh God, give us to see, give us to feel,give us to cl;tre, that_ we may rise up as the Church of the Living God, and carry the Gospel to ihese our brothers in other lands, that we may hear the call of our Lord Jesus who died for them as for us.

Dr. Jonathan Goforth once Baid to General Feng, "You are becoming known all o'l'er the .christian world."

"That's my danger, ", the General replied. "The devil will make me a special target for his attacks." "Yes," Dr. Goforth answered, "but there are thousands and tens of thousands who will become intercessors to pray for you." – "That's my salvation," he answered.

CHILDREN'S PLAYGROUND AT ELLIS

Treating Immigrants as Brothers BY (JOE HAYNE, NEW YORK OITY , 8 ONE 0 'CLOCK the door leading from the gr€at porch on the second floor of the Administration Building on Ellis Island, Uncle Sam's chief port of entry for aliens, was unlocked, and down the new, steel, outside stairway ther.e came a stream of people or many races. Some of them for the first time felt beneath their feet the soil of America, the "Promised Land" of the Occident.

Husbands, wives, little children and older boys and girls, bachelors of hoth sexes, widows and widowers, all passed quietly into the sun- light from detention quarters. There was no babble of voices as when school children ate "let out for recess." . These newcomers in a strange land hlld been granted the use' of Ellis Island's playground for an Ilfternoon IlS a part of the new plan for daily recreational ac- tivities fgr men, women and children. They separated into groups, determin;l3d by ties of kinship or cnance acquaintance.. The .aged and the mothers with very little children made their way to benches.

Others lay upon the soft grass from which there arose a fresh, sweet smell. The fleeting fragrance was dimly reminiscent of meadow- lands and village lanes of the lands across the .sea .from which the strangers had come. One man lay flat upon his back and held a baby at arms' length above his face, laughing and rocking the child in his cupped hands. . ….

25

Silent groups stood at oneElnd of the park, their eyes caressing the tall buildings of Manhattan. These were enduring an enforced detention which had not been anticipated. They were tragic figures suspended bet1Veen two worlds, people without a eountry; having broken the old' home ties they were not permitted readily to form new bonds. The strain of waiting and the fear of exclusion moved them deeply. .

Now down the center of the green comes an American, sounding a referee's whistle, soccer ball tucked under his arm. Smiling, he approached a group of young men, with the remark: "How about a game of soccer?"

The immigrants stared at the young American and turned away, but cutting diagonally across the playground he blew his whistle invitingly, halted in front of a tall, red-cheeked, flaxen-haired youth and invited him to join in a game of football.

But the youth shook his head and walked to a high wire fence from which point he could obtain a nearer view of the Battery. Beside him stood a lank Asiatic whose swarthy brow mounted high and broad above blue-black spectacles. On one of the benches sat a huge peasant who stroked the hand of a little old woman upon whose face was a smile that drew a second glance. It wast the banner of courage, lacking in vitality, as though acquired and preserved through many years. Washed ashore upon a mysterious island, the gaunt old couple faced life in a new world, or death in an old, lovers to the end.

In another corner of the field a youug woman social worker tossed a basketball gently into the arms of immigrant women, one after another, who laughingly tossed it back. Soon a semi-circle of women, one with a toddler by her side, were enjoying a game, the point of which was to catch the ball and so keep at the head of the line. A "miss" sent one to the foot as in the spelling test in the oldtime district school.

But some cannot be happy. When a social worker asked an J<Jnglishwoman to join in a game she replied: "Play? How can I play? I have never been kept under guard before. I have always been decent. I am most unhappy. I'll play, but only because you want me to."

A soccer game began when the director kicked the ball toward a youth who had been out the day before. A match was arranged between two teams that included two Scotchmen, one Italian, two Irishmen, three Germans, one Hungarian and one. Jew. It furnished good! sport for the players and for many who looked on in need of some distraction. The gloomy blonde immigrant with the rosy cheeks sat on Ii bench with elbows on his knees, head gripped between his hands. No doubt he would join in the game the next day.

Swings, merry-go-rounds, flying rings and slides were in demand,

TREATING IMMIGRAN'I1S AS BROTHERS

while a young woman from the Ellis Island kindergarten directed games for the younger children.

In permitting religious and social agencies to send representa- tives to Ellis Island the Government has been mindful of the special need of immigrants for friendliness and sympathy by reason of their abnormal mental condition occasioned by their detention. Passes are issued by the Commissioner for a limited number of workers who have been recommended by the General Committee of Immigrant lid representing thirty-three religious and social organizations- Catholic, Jewish and Protestant.* The workers plan their daily pro- gram with the view of meeting the religious, social, educational and recreational needs of these de- tained immigrants.

Manual work has also its place on this program, for acute cases of mental depression are often averted by occupational therapy. The Daug-hters of the American Revolution supplement the work of the General Commit- tee by keeping two large material closets well stocked with cloth, yarn, thread, knitting frames and other equipment. Rug-making, scarf-weaving and bead-work have been introduced. A Hindu boy whose case was on appeal helped to introduce scarf-weav- SIX NATIONALITIES AT EI..I..IS ISLAND ing. Though unable to speak Polish. Russian, Czecho.slovakian, Armenian, German, Scotch English he used a rough pencil sketch to show the D. A. R. representative how to make a hand knitting machine out of a narrow block of wood. Another alien in- vented a way to knit slipover sweaters for little children in need of them. The simple contrivance has kept scores of men busy during • The tollowlng are the thirty-three const1tuent societies com,posing the General Committee of Immigrant AId: The AmerIcan Baptlst Home Mission Society, American Tract Society. The Belgtan Bureau, Board of Domestic Missions of the Reformed Church in America, Board. o( Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Congrega.tional Home Missionary Soelety, Tbe Council of Jewish Women, Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, German Society of the City of New York, Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society of America, Holland Immigration Bureau Christian Reformed Church, Home Missions Council Evangelical Denominations. The Immigrants Mission Board of the United Lutheran Church in America. InternaUonal CommUtes of the Young Men'n Christian Association. National Department of Immigration and Foreign Communities Young Women's Cbrlstian Assoclat()n, HaHan Welfare League, Lutheran Immigrant Society. Irish Emigrant Society. Mission of our Lady of the Rosary, National Catholic Welfare Conference. New York Bible Society. New York Protestant Episcopal City Mission Society. Norwegian Lutheran Church of America, Polish National Alliance of the United States, St. Ra.pb",1 Society for Italian Immigrants, The Salvation Army, Swedlsb Evangelical Mission Convent of America. The SWedish Lutheran Immigrant Home, The New York Travelers' AJd Society, Women's American Baptist Home Mission Soolety. Woman's Board 01 Home Missions of the Presbyterian Church, Woma.n's Christian Temp·erance Union, Woman's Home Missionary SOCiety of the MethodlJ>t Episcopal Church.

trying periods of detention. No questions are asked as to what dis- position they make of articles they produce. They may sell them, give them away, or retain them as personal property.

Dress materials are freely distributed to mothers whose mental suffering is alleviated by work. A yard of delicate Persian: lawn with a bit of silk ribbon, to be made into a child's dress, has a tremendously soothing effect upon a panic-stricken mother separated from her sick baby in the hospital. Another great boon is the day nursery con- sisting of three large rooms, one equipped with a modern porcelain bathtub for infants and all well supplied with cribs. Not a few immi- grant mothers gain their first real understanding of sanitation in the care of infants in the Ellis Island nursery.

The kindergarten and day school on the Island are the outcome of the joint endeavor of the immigration officials and the General Committee of Immigrant Aid. Children of many races here turn the hours of profitless monotony into pleasant social, physical and mental activities. ,In the one room available, as many as two hundred chil- dren have been cared for in one day, with classes for pupils ranging from two to seventeen years of age. The principal of the school was born on Ellis Island and therefore has a sympathetic understanding of her task in this child-garden, under conditions that have no pad;llel. She speaks Spanish, French, Italian and Portuguese, and is IE!~rn- ing Yiddish. She says: '

"I take some time each day to make the rounds of the dete~tion rooms to see if new children have arrived -on a recently unloaded ship. It is not easy to get them to come to schoo], for they are timid and the parents are more so. The strange. surroundings, the neces- sary physical inspection, the unexpected deportations, with their in- cidental wait here on Ellis Island, combine to frighten these strangers at our port. The fathers and mothers themselves are little more than children and must be coaxed and comforted and persuaded to give their children into our care. "

Religious services are held every week; on Saturday for the Jews and at different hours on Sunday morning for Roman Catholics and Protestants. The General Committee of Immigrant Aid co- operates with the Commissioner to provide speakers and music and also to arrange special programs and gifts for the celebration of Christmas and other holidays. Bibles are distributed among immi· grants as they arrive, 71,027 copies in thirty-four languages having been given the newcomers in 1924. Diglot gospel portions are espe- cially useful for aliens who are eager to learn English and when they find their own language printed in a book parallel with the English version they soon acquire the use of English words. At the same time as their vocabularies grow they learn from the Scriptures the moral standards and ideals on which American society is founded.

This is a great help in the solution of the immigrant problem. Care-

TREATING I¥MIG-RANTSAS

.fully selected religious tracts in many languages are also distributed as is a manual issued by the Daughters of the American Hevolution, which contains the first principles of American citizenship.

Free concerts, one each week throughout the year, with special concerts by other organizations volunteering, are made possible by the cooperating organizations. Violin and vocal solos, orchestral, band and choral music and piano and organ recitals do much to entertain and comfort. A large radio receiving set with amplifiers has neen installed in detention rooms and motion pictures are regularly shown under a liberal arrangemenl with a film company. Recently a machine has been given and is in use by a trained operator every Friday night.

i, . The immigration station on Ellis Island not only affords the Government opportunity to examine alien arrivals but makes possible th~ protection of immigrants from exploitation by unscrupulous persons waiting to prey upon them. The transfer of baggage and the routing of immigrants to their destinations are in harmony with this. policy. Governmelft and social workers act as guides to near-by points and provision is made for the chaperonage of girls coming to in~ended husbands. In the custody of one of the workers of the Social Service Department the intended bride, after securing a license, may have her nuptials performed on the mainland by a minister of her choice or before a magistrate. Relatives and friends of immigrants must furnish satisfactory identification before the authorities will entrust newcomers to their care.

m-. Other forms of helpful servic.e under the supervision of theimmi- gration authorities and the General Committee of Immigrant 4-id

elude the assembling of complete layettes, the distribution of clothes to needy immigrants, library facilities, the social cup ;of tea, the ministrations of the chaplains, and classes in English.

The Social Service Department at Ellis Island is a connecting link between organizations, social workers, friends and relatives of immigrants. The Government has taken into account the value of the friendly contact of each immigrant with an intelligent person speaking his language. In the handling of a single case a worker may be obliged to solicit the help of several outside constructive agencies such as hospitals, settlement houses and societies of foreignborn.

The new quota law has reduced the number of people landed from steamers but has increased the individual immigrant's expectancy of a welcome at the gate.

A drama of progress is being enacted on Ellis Island which should represent a way of life symbolized by the imposing statue dominating New York harbor with her flaming torch. 1'he aim of the system is to produce American citizens, but it is a process often fraught with human anguish. At heart America is just and humane. Commissioner Curran is of the opinion that the Port of Entry should be one of the great humanitarian institutions of America. Why should immigrants dread to enter this great porU When immigrants secure our consular officers' visas they receive an implied invitation to come as far as the door. When they land at Ellis Island or elsewhere they become the wards of the United States, if not in- vited guests.

In his Toronto address, June 27, 1924, Professor Julius Drachsler of the College of the City of New York, declared that "a deep and abiding sense of the inviolability of the immigrant's essential humanity" constitutes the first principle in a policy for the incorpora- tion of newcomers into the life of America. What shall be done for those who are excluded from American society 7 Shall there not be a "deliberate policy of humanization" that will make of the deported immigrant a lifelong booster of America's particular brand of hospi- talityf It should not be possible for him to return to his land of origin to say with more or less truth that there was not sufficient water at times in the dormitory building on Ellis Island for sanitary and drinking purposes. .

Professor Drachsler's idea is at the foundation of Commissioner Curran's desire that a concrete covered way be built to replace the old wooden causeway connecting the main Island with Islands Nos. I and 2 upon which the hospitals are situated. The present structure is a menace and should be replaced.

The transformation of Ellis Island is possible; in its place may develop a powerful agent of human welfare that shall interpret the heart of America to wanderers in search of a better life.

of Life in

BY SADHU SUNDAR SINGH, SIMLA, INDIA I N 1921, there broke out a jungle fire in the Himalayas. While most of the people around were busy in putting it out, I noticed several men standing and looking fixedly into a tree. "What are you looking aU" I asked. They, in reply, pointed to a nest full of young birds on the tree whose branches were already burning.

Above it, a bird was flying wildly about in great distress. They said, " We wish we could save that nest but we cannot go near because of the blazing fire." A few minutes later the nest caught fire and I thought, "Now the mother-bird will flyaway." Instead, to my great astonishment, I saw her fly down and spread her wings over the young ones. In a few minutes, the poor bird was burnt to ashes along with her YOlmgsters. I had never seen anything like it before .

and said to those standing near, "Are we not astonished at this wonderful love ? Think how much more wonderful must be the love of Him who has created such an unselfish love in His creatures.

The same infinite and unselfish love brought Jesus Christ down RECENT PORTRAJT OF SADHU from heaven into this world to be- SUNDAR SINGH come man that, by giving His own life, He might save us who ~ere dying in our sins."

Life is in the blood, and by shedding His blood Christ gives life to us. As serum is'not infrequently injected for the cure of disease, so by His blood Christ saves us from sin's deadly disease and from death.

The whole universe is a body. Every limb is connected with the body. If there is pain in one part the whole body feels it. If serum is injected into any particular part the whole body feels the effect. Though Christ was crucified in Jerusalem-a small spot on this earth -the whole universe feels the effect of His death, and the whole world will continue to participate forever in the benefit of His vicarious sacrifice.

In 1922, when traveling in Palestine with a friend, I was greatly 31

refreshed by drinking the sweet and soothing water of a famous well.

An hour or two later I was again thirsty, and those words of our Lord came forcibly to my mind: "Whosoever drinketh of this water shall thirst again; but whosoever ddnketh of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst; but the water that I shall give him shall be in him a well of water !springing up into everlasting life." , (John 3: 13, 14.) I had just drunk of a well that men had dug and was again thirsty. In all humility and thankfulness I can say that during the two decades since I gave my heart to Christ and drank of that water which He gave me, I have never been thirsty because He is; indeed'

the Fountain of Life. . ., Once on a journey in the hills ·of India, I sat down to rest on a.

liock. Below the rock was a bush in which was a nest from which came the cry of the young birds. The 'mother-bird had come with ~ood and as soon as they heard the rustling of her wings they began: to cry out. When the mother had given them food and had flown l:j.way, they ,were quiet again. I examined the nest and found, to my surprise, that they were not old enough to have their eyes open, yet without seeing their .mother they opened their mouths at her ap- proach. They did not say: "Until we shall see our mother or our food, we will not open our mouths, for we do not know if it is our mother or an enemy; or whether she brings food or poison." If they had acted on this principle they would certainly have had no opportunity to eat and to see, for before their eyes were opened they would have died of hunger. They did not doubt their mother's love, but took on faith what she brought. After a few days, when their eyes were open, they were happy in seeing their dear mother and, growing stronger and stronger in her likeness before long, were able to flyaway in the upper air. Are not men, the highest of God's crea- tures, often inferior to these insignificant nestlings, for often we have had doubts about the existence and love of our Heavenly Father. Jesus said, "Blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed." (John 20: 29.) Many who never see their own defects and shortcomings are forever looking for faults in others. The eye that sees all external objects sees neither itself nor its defects. Only when we look into a glass does the eye see itself and its defects. By looking into the mirror of God'l Word, and by living in fellowship with the Word made flesh, we can truly know ourselves. Not only will He SllOW us our sin, but He will reveal Himself to us in healing and saving power.; If we turn to Him in obedience and, continuing in prayer, live in His holy fellowship, He will take away our defects and transform us into His glorious image for all eternity. Thus we will share with Him His glory. (John 14:26; 17:24.) , Once in the hills, I saw an ant running about looking for food.

IUound a seed which it touched and at Olic,e went off again. Tthought

PARABLES OF LIFE IN CHRIST

that the seed was bad. But no! soon the ant returned with a number of companions. It had no thought of keeping the food to itself but wished them to share in it. Selfish men may learn a lesson from the ant. Those who have received spiritual blessings from living with God should take His word to those who have not heard of Him, that they also may receive the fellowship and blessings of God with eternal joy.

Until a lump of salt is dissolved it cannot salt a single grain of pulse, and till the sun's heat has melted the snow of the mountains, it cannot flow down and irrigate the sun-dried and thirsty plain. Until the snow is melted it cannot be drawn as water vapor to form clouds from which it can come down as rain to make the parched and thirsty. land green and fruitful. If we are not melted by the rays of the Sun of Righteousness and by the fire of the Holy Spirit, we can neither quench the thirst of any famished soul nor bring him to the Fountain of Life, where he will be satisfied and alive for ever.

May God give us grace to live Christ so that we may be instrumental in bringing others to our Saviour.

Reaching the Moslems in Africa D R. SAMUEL M. ZWm'lfER is busy in Egypt giving lectures . to those preparing to work for Moslems, preaching on week . days and on Sundays at Cairo, Alexandria, Assiut, Ismalia, Benha, Menuf and Old Cairo; giving addresses to audiences of four or five hundred young men at the Y. M. C. A.; and attending committees. Recently he again visited the great Mohammedan University (AI Azhar) and distributed over one hundred and fifty copies of Matthew's Gospel and a dozen Bibles and Testaments. He writes: "I have never before witnessed such accessibility and responsiveness among these students. Weare facing a new day in Egypt. Politically things are in a dreadful tangle" but religiously there is much less opposition or antagonism. The literature of the Nile Mission Press finds eager. purchasers and our circulation is far larger than any year before." In South Africa, on his recent visit, he found that the Moslem menace is real and the problem needs to be laid on the heart of the churches.

In Egypt there is strict government censorship of the press, especially to stop seditious publications. Five copies of every new book must be submitted to the examiners at the Press Bureau. Every press must also submit architect's plans of its works, the excuse being "danger from electricity"; the real reason is that the license to print may be revoked as soon as the Government (or AI-Azhar) is offended. "It therefore," he says, "behooves all to be careful."

3

Gandhi's Address to Missionaries '"

Parts of an address delivered at the CalCi~tta Christian Missionar?JI Conference, July 28, .1925 M y association with Christians-not Christians so called, but real Christians-dates from 1889, or even 1888, when as a lad I found myself in London. That association has grown riper as years have rolled on. In South Africa, where I found my- self in the midst of inhospitable surroundings, I was able to make hundreds of Christian friends, some of them intimate friends. I came in touch with the Director of the South African G.eneral Mis- sion, the late Mr. Spencer Walton, and we had many a conversation on matters of common interest. I came in touch with that great divine, M:t:. Meyer of South Africa, and I attended one of the con· ventions that took place at Wellington.

There was a time even in my life when very sincere and intimate friends of mine, one of them a great and good Quaker, had designs upon me. He thought that I was too good not to become a Christian. .I was sorry to have disappointed him, but I know that he never left off praying for me. I daresay that even now he is praying for me as I know one missionary in South Africa does, because almost every six months he writes to me and asks "How is it with you ~" If it was prayer that they expected me to make, I was able to tell them that every day a heart-felt prayer within the closed doors of my closet went to the Almighty to show me the light and give me the wisdom and courage to follow that light.

In answer to a promise made to one of these earnest Christian friends of mine in 1905, I sought out one of the biggest of Indian Christians-the late Kali Churn Banerjea. I went to him with my mind absolutely open in a receptive mood and I met him also under circumstances which were most effective. I found that there was much in common between Kali Churn Banerjea and myself. His utmost simplicity, his innate humility, his courage, his truthfulness, all these things as a child I had admired and he met me when his wife was on her death-bed. I told Mr. Banerjea, "I have come to you as a seeker, and I have come to you in fulfilment of a sacred promise I have made to some of my dearest Christian friends that I would leave no stone unturned to find the true light." I came away not sorry, not dejected, not disappointed, but in one way I was sorry that that was my last chance. He did not convince me, hel talked to me about the Vedas, he was a learned man, he was saturated with Hindu Law.

–;-a;p()rted in The CMiatian Patriot, India. August 22. 1925.

34 I do not profess Christianity today-and I am here to tell you in all humility that for me Hinduism, as I find it, entirely satisfies my soul, fills my whole being and I find a solace in the Bhagavad- Gita, in the Upanishads, that I miss even in the Sermon on the Mount. Not that I do not prize it as dearly as life itself, not that some of the precious teachings in the Sermon on the Mount have not left a deep impression upon me, but I must confess .to you that when doubt haunts me, when disappointment stares me in the face and all alone I see not one ray of light, I go back to the Bhagavad- Gita. I find a verse here and a verse there and I immediately begin to smile in the midst of overwhelming sorrow, in the midst of overwhelming tragedies-and my life has been full of external tragedies -and if they have left no visible or no indelible scar upon me, I owe it all to the teachings of the Bhagavad-Gita. I have told you this in order to make absolntely clear to you where I stand so that you may have, if you will, a closer hand-grip with me: that here is a man who has approached Christianity with prayerfulness, with all the humility that he was capable of showing and expressing, with all the truth that he could command and with fear of none but God.

I came to another conclusion in my search. Having been a student, I did not stop at studying the Bible and all the commentaries that these great friends of mine had placed in my hands. I said to myself if I was to find satisfaction through reason, I must study the Scriptures of other religions and I pored over the pages of the Koran, I devoured what I could of Zenda Avesta, I tried to understand what I could of Judaism as distinguished from Christianity, and I came to the conclusion that all religions were right, but every one of them was imperfect-imperfect naturally and necessarily so, because those religions, we, with our poor intellects sometimes with poorer hearts, interpret, most often mis-interpret. It was a matter of deep grief to me to see those commentaries, everyone of them, giving me a different interpretation of the same verse. Not that it is a peculiarity wIth Christianity, I know the same thing with reference to the Vedas. I pored over the commentaries of the Zenda Avesta, of the Vedas or the Upanishads, and I found the same bewildering differences, and I said to myself, ' , Not this thing for me. If I want to seek God in this way to the satisfaction of my soul or the intellect I shall fail, but I must wait constantly upon God asking him to guide me." There is a beautiful verse which we sing every day at our little Ashram at Sabarmati, which says, "God helps only when man feels utterly helpless and utterly humble." When I was studying Tamil, I found in that inestimable work by Dr. Pope, a Tamil proverb, which I remember; it simply means this-that God is the help of the helpless. Now, I have given you this story of my own experiences for you to ponder over.

You, the missionaries, come to India thinking that you come to a

land of heathen, of idolaters, of men who do not know the true meaning of religion. One of the greatest of Christian divines, Bishop Heber, allowed himself to write two lines, which have always left a sting upon me, "Where every prospect pleases and only man is vile." I wish he had not written those lines. From my experience of the masses of India-I have gone from one end of India to the other without any prejudice, without any prepossession, in a relentless search after Truth and nothing but the Truth. I have not been able to say that here, in this fair land-watered by the great Ganges, Brahmaputra and Jamuna, man is vile. He is not vile, he is just as much a seeker after God as you and I are, possibly more so. It reminds me of a French book that a French friend placed in my hands and translated. It was an allegory, but there the writer pictures to himself an expedition in search of Truth. The members of the party go out in all parts of the world, and the one who lands in India says that throughout all his wanderings, he found Truth personified,> humility personified, God Himself in a little pariah hut. There are many such huts belonging to the untouchables where you will certainly see God and find Him also; the pariah has every reason, if there is any man who has reason, td deny God, but he persists in affirming that there is God. No matter what man does, he will depend upon God for assistance and finds his assistance also. There are stories told throughout the length and breadth of these noble untouchables. Vile as some of them are, there are the noblest specimens of humanity in their midst.

But does my experience exhaust itself with merely the untouchables' By no means. I am here to testify to you, a non-Brahmin, that there are Brahmins in India who are as fine specimens of humanity as you may find in any place of the earth. There are Brahmins today in India who are embodiments of self-sacrifice, who are embodiments of godliness, who are humility personified. There are Brahmins who are devoting themselves, life and soul, to the service of the untouchables, without expectation of any reward! from the untouchables and with execrations from orthodox Brahmins. They do not care, because they know that in serving the pariah they are serving the God who is made manifest in the Vedas. I place this fact, this truth, before you in all humility for the simple reason that you may know this land better, which you are here to serve as its servants, as its friends.

You are here to find out the distress of the people of India and the reason of that distress, but I hope you are here also in a receptive mood. If there is anything that India has to give, you will not stop your ears, you will not close your eyes, you will not steel your heart, but you will open your ears, open your eyes and most of all open your heart, to receive all that may be given in the land. I give you my assurance that there is a great deal of good in it.

MAHATMA GANDID'S ADDRESS TO MISSIONARIES

I therefore ask you to approach the problem that you have undertaken with a new sense of openheartedness, receptiveness and humility. If you have prepossessed notions, so that you will refuse t.o see the other side, if you will refuse to understand what the Indian is thinking, you will deny yourselves the real privilege of service. I have told so many of my missionary friends "Noble as you are, you have isolated yourselves from the people whom you want to serve." Not so St. Francis Xavier. At the Language School in Darjeeling, Lord Salisbury was waited upon by a deputation of missionaries. That deputation wanted protection in connection with China. Lord Salisbury said to them: "Gentlemen, if you want to go to China and take the Message of Christ, then do not ask for the assistance of temporal power. Go with your lives in your hands and if the people of China want to kill you, think that you have been killed in the service of God."

Christian missionaries, who come today to India come under the the shadow, or protection of a temporal power: and it creates an impassable 'bar. Statistics show that so many orphans have been reclaimed and have been brought to Christianity, so many grown-up people do not represent your Mission. You will have to go to the lowly cottages not to give them something, may be probably to take something. I miss that receptiveness, I miss that humility, I miss that willingness on your part to identify yourselves with the masses of India.

If anything that I have spoken has given you pain, know then it has not been said in order to cause you pain, it has not been said in order to criticize you, but as a friend to a friend I have exercised that privilege. May God bless you all.

At the close of Mr. Gandhi's address an opportunity was given for questions, and many were asked by missionaries, Indian teachers, students, and Indian Christians. One of the important questions from a missionary was in regard to "receptivity" on the part of Christian missionaries. The question was asked of Mr. Gandhi: "How do you feel, not only about the Christ of history, the Christ of Judea, but about the living Christ, the Christ of the Resurrection' ' , Mr. Gandhi replied: "H I understand correctly my friend's very sincere question, he wants to know whether I feel within me the presence of the living Christ. H the living Christ is the same as the historical Christ, then I must confess that I do not feel that presence. H' Christ' is a convertible term with' God, ' the living God, not a God who lives somewhere in the clouds or in the Himalayas, but God who lives nearer to me that anyone of you, nearer to me than my hands and feet, if that is your meaning of Christ, then I say that both Christ and Krishna of the Bhagavad-Gita live in me, because to me they are convertible terms. I do not talk now of the historical Krishna, but I talk of the seer, the one who is supposed to have given the Gita. And yet I do not even mean the one who is supposed to have given the Gita. What I mean is something which is indefinable, which is inexpressible. H, then, you will allow me to interpret the living Christ as that indefinable Essence,

I believe in that Christ. If I did not realize the presence of that living, speaking God in me, I should become a raving maniac, and the waters of the Hughli would be my destination. Such is the pessimism that would possess my soul, as I analyze the conditions that confront me throughout the world. Only the Presence, the realization of that Presence, enables me to keep body and soul together, and, in spite of all that disturbs me from outside, I enjoy in an abundant measure an inexpressible peace."

Dr. George Howells, the President of Serampore College, Calcutta, and chairman of the meeting, said in his concluding remarks: "I most heartily thank the Mahatma for his very straight talk to us. There is much in his speech which is convincing-and there is a great deal which has not convinced me in the least! He has revealed, if I may say so, an abysmal ignorance in regard to what is going on among Christian thinkers regarding the relations of Christianity with Hinduism and other religions. The idea that Christians in general think of other religions as satanic, is ~omething totally out-of-date. If Mr. Gandhi knows anything of missionary activities in recent years, he must recognize that it has been the Christian missionary, more than any other, who has revealed to the world the richness of India's spiritual heritage. I need only mention, in illustration, the 'Heritage of India Series' published by the Y. M. C. A. Indians themselves can show nothing comparable to what the Christian missionaries have done in revealing to India herself, and to the Western world, the great heritage of the Hindus and of India. I think, that in this respect, the Mahatma has done us less than justice.

"There is one other thing, perhaps, which I may mention. I do not think Mr. Gandhi has realized the heart of the Christian message, and per- haps we ourselves are to blame for that. We have not, as Christians sufficiently revealed to the people of India, what has come home to ourselves with telling force, that Christianity is Christ, that our religion is nothing except, in so far as men see in it, Christ. It is not a creed, not a commentary on Christianity, not a philosophy, but a living, abiding reality, going where we go. It means living in the spirit of Jesus among men, serving as He served men. With all that I have learned of Eastern philosophy and Eastern thought, Jesus remains a figure incomparable, unlike auything that India or any other country has produced. I say that we have failed to bring home as a reality to the people of India, as a reality even to the Mahatma himself, that our Christianity is not merely a creed, but a life lived by faith in the Incarnate God Himself as revealed in Christ.

"Now if we have a messagc, if the Mahatma is to have a message for India, I think it is there. We must be consistent Christians before we can bring home to people of India, to the Mahatma himself, what our religion stands for. And further, I think from what I know of India, that the philosophy of the 'Gita '-much though it may have attraction-and even the great but shadowy personality of Krishna as set forth in the 'Gita,' as a Hindu once told me, will never win and bring to manhood the masses of India. Your Eastern philosophy, even the 'Gita' itself, is without hope for the masses. However much it may appeal to a man like the Mahatma, to the cultivated, philosophic-minded Hindu, I believe that we have a message in the Christian revelation-the concrete personality of God in Christ, the supreme revelation of the divine Fatherly heart-that alone will bring to life and to manhood the millions of India, millions who find nothing in the 'Vedas,' nothing in the 'Gita' itself or in Hindu philosophy. But we know from experience that in living contact with Christ, and in appropriation of Him, they can find their life eternaL"

A Banker's Verdict on Christian

F W. STEVENS is a prominent American business man in the Orient whose headquarters were in Peking while he repre- • sented international banking interests negotiating for the Consortium loan authorized at the Paris Peace Conference. He had time to study China, with unique opportunities to see the inside, and to study conditions with the eyes and mind of a hard-headed American banker.

When Mr. Stevens addressed the faculty and students, of the Peking Union Medical College all Peking took notice and the Peking Express carried a report of it in full. Having evidently been stirred up by anti-religious agitation the speaker devoted his attention to religion as a factor in the development of China, and rendered a clear-cut tribute to the work of the Christian missions.

"I do not speak as a religious man, only as an American business man who has become deeply interested in China. My remarks will be the first 1 have ever made upon a religious subject," said Mr. Stevens.

After discussing the place of religion in the life of any nation~ Mr. Stevens turned to Christian missions and said: "Now and then 1 hear reputable foreigners in China-I am not now speaking of the excessively intellectual class-express the opin. ion that the Christian missions are not helping China. The Christian missionaries have long been about this, I am told, but have allowed the statements to go largely unnoticed. Perhaps it is time that something be said by laymen on the subject.

"These remarks are made by people not particularly interested in nor familiar with mission work. They have not investigated and they draw conclusions from misinformation. ·When I hear a man express such an opinion, I want to be a lawyer again and have the privilege of asking him questions. 1 want to ask him: "What do you really know about the work of the Christian missions in China?

"How many of their twenty-four Y. M. C. A. city centers or their twelve Y. W. C. 4-. centers and eighty student associations, how many of their many schools, academies, colleges and universities, workshops and hospitals, churches and Sunday-schools and other places of activity have you investigated or even visited?

"With how many Christian missionaries themselves have you talked seriously about their work Y Or with how many Chinese who know about such activities 1 "Have you read any issue of the China Mission Year Book that tells about them!

"Do you know what is being done in the cities of China through homes for boys and homes for girls, and otherwise, by the Salvation .Army, a great and worthy Christian missionary organization'

39

"Do you know of anything more repulsive than Chinese beggar women and do you know that it is educated, genteel Christian missionary women who are little by little getting them and their children off the streets, cleaning them and getting them into self-supporting condition?

"Do you know that about 80 per cent of the Chinese people are farmers; with about 50,000,000 farm holding; that they are backward in methods; that their position in respect to adequate food supply and articles to be sold in foreign markets is threatened; that about 85 per cent of China's exports are products of the soil; and that Christian mission institutions are doing nearly all that is being done at all for their economic as well as their spiritual and social welfare.

"Do you know a single thing about the importance of agriculture in the yearly program of the missionary organizations-about soil fertility, plant diseases, seed selection, animal husbandry, as they relate to Christian missionary efforts in China T Do you know of the misAionary work in sanitation and health promotion, or in helping to rid China of the awful narcotic curse'

"Do you know that there are about 236,000 Chinese children in missionary day schools, not counting the 190,000 in ihe Roman Catholic schools, and that most of them would have no schooling but for the missionary schools'

"Do you know that the Chinese modern system of education in China began with the work of the Chinese mission teachers, and that modern medicine was mediated to China by the Christian medical missionaries Y "Do you know that China was devoid of anything resembling modern hospitals and trained nurses until they resulted from missionary effort; and that now there are over 300 mission hospitals in China, nearly 100 of which are conducted on approximately ~odern standards with up-to-date equipment and nursing; and that there are few cities in China having even one such Chinese hospital which is of non-missionary origin 7 "Do you know that although leprosy has existed in China from time immemorial and there are now estimated to be 400,000 in China, the first leper hospital or asylum was established by a missionary society ~ "Do you know that there was never in China a hospital. or asylum for the insane until one was provided by missionaries'

"Do you know the missionary type' Do you know with what respect and confidence the people within the range of the missions have come to regard the missionaries; and that they are advisers and friends to the whole community in all kinds of troublef "Have you some better way than. the one followed by the Christian missionaries for implanting into the minds of the Chinese masses ideas of right living that will help uplift China'

, 'Do you know of a single organized activity in China, on a scale of importance, that aims at moral improvement or that is calculated to bring it about, and that is not traceable in its origin to the Christian missions f "Careless talkers with little or no learning about Christian mis- sion work in China, go home, and, wishing to seem wise on all things pertaining to China, express their opinions about the ineffective- ness of the Christian missions. It is a common mistake in foreign lands to regard all former residents of China as oracles upon all matters pertaining to China and the Chinese; while in fact there are hundreds of foreigners in China who are as ignorant of the real facts about Christian missions in China as if they had never come to China." ,..

• From The ChriBtia-n Advooate.

"LITTLE MOTHERS" WITH THEIR SMALL

Life of Women and Children in North Siam BY HAZEL E. HANNA, SAN ANSELMO, CALIFORNIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions " And Jesus answered and said, 'Verily I say unto you, There is no man that hath left house, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my sake, and the gospel's, but he shall receive an hundred-fold now in this time, houses, and brethren, and sisters, and mothers, and children, and lands, with persecution; and in the world to come eternal life. ' "

This sounds like a 10,000% investment. Starting to Siam twelve years ago I did not go in a mercenary spirit. I did not take this promise, at least the part concerning this world, at all seriously. But as the years passed and I began to count my increasing wealth, and rejoice over it, I found that it was being fulfilled literally. It is about my hundred mothers, my two hundred grandmothers, and my several hundred children that I wish to write ; also of some of the many thousands whom I still long to possess in the close fellowship of the family of Jesus Christ.

Daily contact with the women and children of the Lao, or Northern Siamese, shows that each woman or child is an individual even as one's mother or sister is distinct, and that each one is just as important to Christ as any other woman or child. It is only people whom we do not know intimately that we describe in general terms.

There are, however, certain groupings and classifications which we may make. In Siam, as through all the world, there are the two great divisions-the saved and the unsaved; those who may be our friends in this life only, and those others who are bound to us by ties 41

that eternity itself shall not sever. There are also the city women, and the country women; the rich and the poor. To the new-comer they all look alike, but after a few months of daily contact one learns to distinguish the faces of friends, and to discern the points of Oriental beauty. There are even those who attract us because of their resemblance to some far-away friend in America.

Within,rts own borders Siam is known as "Muang Tai" or "Land of the Free. " ' The freedom does not extend to the men only. Woman holds a position to be envied by the women of any other non-Christian land. Though she does not receive the respect and religious equality that is enjoyed by women of Christian lands, still she is neither shut away in a harem nor compelled to veil her face in public; nor is she the 'slave of her husband. She has liberty to come and go. A man evangelist may teach her, or a man doctor may care for her in illness. She holds the faimly purse and may buy and sell, make contracts, and own land.

When a tiny brown baby girl is born in the little bamboo house in the jungle village or in the rambling tropical city, she is just as welcome as if she were a boy. There is an economic reason back of this. When a girl marries she does not go to the house of her husband's people. The husband comes to live for at least a year with the family of his bride. He gives gifts, and helps to support the family. The man with several marriageable daughters is quite to be envied, for even after the bride and groom have gone to a little bamboo home of their own they will continue to help her parents. So the baby girl is welcome and her father carries her about the street as proudly as if she Were a son.

In a good family, a girl's training in the social graces begins very early. Long before she can walk she is taught to make a proper bow. As soon as she sits up well she is taught to arrange her chubby feet properly so that the soles of her feet are not indecently exposed. Her fingers, arms and legs are frequently stretched so that she will become graceful and supple, even to the point of double jointedness. After her daily bath she is covered with dots of powder, sometimes white, sometimes yellow. A tiny pair of anklets, a wee bracelet, and sometimes a necklace and other jewelry, are put on her as soon as she can walk. Her grandmother ties a spirit string around each wrist, and a charm about her neck, to keep her little spirit from leaving her, or another spirit from entering. This is the business of grandmothers. But she is very little troubled with clothing until she is four or five years old. Her hair is done up in a smooth tight top-knot, which her mother does over dozens of times each day.

When a little girl reaches the age when her mother thinks clothes would be becoming, a tiny short bodice is made for her, of gay foreign material or, if she lives far from a city, of coarse white homespun cotton. The sewing is done very crudely with a coarse rusty needle.

LIFE OF WOMEN AND CIllLDREN IN. NOR'l'R SIAM

In the absence of scissors a sharp Imife is used to cut out the pattern; when it is finished (except the sewing on of the buttons), it is dipped into the indigo pots of the village dye woman, and comes out a lovely dark blue. Perhaps the buttons are sewed on, and perhaps they are not, so that the little bodice gaps widely down the front. On the crude heavy loom under the house the mother weaves a little skirt with many bright stripes in it. It is a straight piece with the ends sewed together and the stripes running around. The extra width is folded across the abdomen, and knotted. Little girls spend a great deal of time readjusting these knots. Perhaps that is the reason that one-piece American dresses and rompers are becoming popular ill the cities. The costume for a woman is the same from babyhood to old age, though there is endless variety in the color combinations and the cut·and trimmings of the bodice.

The Lao woman is usually quite clean. She bathes every day, either in a stream or pouring the water over herself with a cocoanut-shell dipper. A skirt is worn during the bath, it being an outdoor sport, and a fresh one pui on afterward. Soap and towels are considered a great luxury, and are almost unheard of except in cities. The Lao girl blackens her teeth with pitch from a certain WHERE WOMEN ACQt1lRED 1'HE HABIT tree, shining ebony being pre- ferred to gleaming iv.ory. The constant use of tobacco and hetel nut make teeth very dark brown, for a picture of a Lao woman is not complete without a cigarette or a large mouthful of betel or pickled tea leaf. These filthy hahits often begin before the child is weaned.

She stops nursing occasionally to receive a puff from her mother's cigarette. .

Housework in North Siam is not burdensome, and has the advantage of being done mostly in the open air. The house is ordinarily a square structure of bamboo, built up on posts, and reached by a ladder. The roof is of thatch or leaf. 'L'here is a sleeping room; a large, partly covered veranda, and a small lean-to kitchen. The :tire is made on a box of earth, and the smoke finds its way out through the roof. One or two curry pots and a wooden rice steamer, a knife, a large brass spoon, and perhaps a few bowls comprise th,e , ki~ch~D,

utensils. The water pots are kept in a shaded rock nook on the veranda and are filled several times a day. Buckets are hung from the ends of a flexible bamboo pole, which is carried on the shoulder. The women are very skillful in carrying water up the rickety ladder without spilling it. All burdens are carried in this way, and very graceful, erect carriage is the result. The rice, which is of a different variety from that used in America, is soaked over night, steamed in the morning, and put away in covered baskets to be used as the principle article of diet through the day. A few vegetables, partly cooked, some tiny dried fish or roasted frogs, or perhaps only a sauce made of red peppers, is eaten with the rice. In the cities where there is a better market, the people have a much greater variety of food, and a great deal of imported canned goods is being used. One of the problems of the missionary is to teach the Christian people to raise more fruit and vegetables, and to cook them properly. At meal time the family gathers together, sitting on the floor, about the curry pot or bowl. Each one takes a handful of rice from the basket and rolls up a large mouthful into a hard gluey ball. This is dipped into the curry or pepper water, and put into the mouth and is very slightly chewed. The meal is soon over and the two or three utensils washed in cold water and left to dry of themselves. Betel nut, pickled tea leaves, or cigarettes, taken at frequent intervals during the day try to make up for the deficiencies in diet, and their vicious effects are seen in the weak bodies, hearts, and nerves of the people.

Each member of the family sleeps on a small cotton mattress and a very hard pillow. Mosquito nets are suspended over these, for the mosquitoes are very numerous and malaria is a constant visitor. After breakfast the nets are pulled up, the mats and mattresses straightened and the few blankets folded. A quick brush with a soft grass broom scatters the dirt down the numerous cracks that are indispensable in Lao housekeeping. In cases where the family is sufficiently well to do to have a floor of real boards, a square is cut in one board; which may be lifted up to sweep the dirt down, and to use as a spittoon. When a green girl from the village comes to take service with the missionary it is a very serious problem-what to do with the sweepings. I have seen one sweep it all to one side of a room, then finding no crack to sweep it down, sweep it back across two rooms and a veranda, and over the edge. Especially in the city, where the people come in more constant contact with the missionary, the houses are better built, and the whole plan of living is on a much higher scale. But there are still the thousands of villages where life goes on much the same as it did centuries ago, and where the Gospel of Jesus Christ is still unknown.

After the indoor work is done there is the rice to be beaten out for the next day's food. The unhulled rice is put into a hollowed-out stump, over which a heavy weight is raised and lowered by the wom-

LIFE OF WOMEN Al'J) CHILDREN IN NORTH SIAM

an, who jumps up and down on the end of a long lever till the hulls are loosened. She then tosses the rice from a tray-like basket in skillful manner so that the chaff flies away.

Then there is the little garden to be tended, and the cotton to be prepared and woven. When she has a little leisure, there is nothing more enjoyable than a fishing trip to some mud hole or stream. When the river rises the women have fishing parties, about twenty women each with a hand net, forming a line across the stream, and fishing up the river. Going to market is another joy for the love of a bargain seems to be deep in the heart of every woman. She will walk many miles to trade a small basketful of peppers, salt, red ant eggs, greens, waLer jars, or rice.

The care of little children demands a large part of the mother's time. A very young child sleeps in the mother's arms, and day or night, whenever he cries, he is fed. After six weeks the mother or some other person chews up rice and bananas and puts them in the infant's mouth.

As he begins to creep he demands constant watching lest he fall from the veranda, and much of the mother's work is done with a baby on her hip. The older chil- dren are set to watch the younger and it is very difficult to keep little ; CHRISTIAN GIRLS IN NORTH SIAM girls in school. Even after it walks a little child is constantly guarded from snakes, scorpions, ,stinging ants, mosquitoes, and mad dogs. The mothers try to make 'up for thiJir ignorance by their affection, and the children are fre- quently badly spoiled..

. Should a woman die in childbirth, there is very slight chance for the child 'g surviving long. Everyone fears to take the helpless in- fant for iear the spirit of the mother should be jealous and work evil. The body of the mother is taken from the, house through a hole cut in the floor for that purpose; the hole is at once securely closed so that when the spirit comes back it cannot ;fiild ;tJie. way in. The husband runs to the nearest temple and dons the yellow robes of priesthood for a season, so .•1!hat the spirit of his wife willilot recogni~e him and lead him away.to the spirit world. . v Ttook care of one child for eleven months, because the mother had died and, as my nurse-maid said, "He is such a nice fat baby it is a

shame to let him die." He ·was sixteen hours old when I took him, and he had already had a very cold bath and a meal of rice. He soon learned to prefer milk, and to wear the left-over clothing of my own three babies. "¥hen I saw him last he was a healthy two-year-old ohild, adopted by a fine Christian family. We hope that some day, through him, we may gain his father and his five brothers and sisters for Christ.

As the non-Christian woman grows older, there seems to be a hardening and darkening of the face. She grows more regular in her temple attendance, in her' gifts to the priests, and in her offerings to the spirits. She looks forward to the time coming when she must go out into the great dark pl~ce of wandering souls, and when her children will make regular offerings to feed her spirit after she has gone. Stubbornly she clings to the traditions of her ancestors and the merit she has been laying up for herself all her life. Her ears are open to the teaching of the Gospel, but her heart is so full of the rags of her 0Wll. righteousness that there is no room for the shining robes that Chtist offers her.

How vastly different are the old women of our Christian community! Their faces shiue with the light of love, and their minds are alert to learn new truths out of the "Vord of God. Even in old age many have been persuaded to begin to learn to read. They, too, are regular intelllple service, but it is the temple of the Living God. To these ""omen death comes as a welcome home going and a reunion with loved ·ones· gone on before. God grant that the day may soon come when niany more of these dear brown sisters of ours in Siam may know tlie joy of the Lord.

MBTHODS

iii 4 =¥ SA WS EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBURG BLDO., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

OBJECTS AND METHODS FOR Objects for specific missionary giv- SPECIFIC GIFTS ing are of three general types. Things, By REv. GEORGE H. TaULL as already described, persons, and Secretary for Specific Work, Board of localized activities. A missionary, Foreign Missions of the Presby- home or foreign, goes out from a cer- terian Church in the U. S. A. tain church. He is Missionary Spirit Would you rather give your money and Consecration personified. He is toward an outfit for Willie Jones, or real, personal, concrete flesh and bone.

for a hat, suit, shoes, and overcoat, Supporters can visualize him long which comprise the outfit required- after he has departed for his field.

said Willie Jones being your son and Every letter from him refreshes their heid W ouIa you prefer to give to a memories with his buoyant person- general Christmas fund, or provide ality. They can see him move among one hundred boxes of candy for a par- his patients in the hospital ward, and ticular mission school Y Some people are quickened as they read of his trip are prepared to give a total sum for thirty miles on mule back through the equipment of a hospital requiring tropical forest at night to see an $1,000 or $5,000 and not bother with urgent ease, losing the trail in the details. Others, however, do not re- darkness and returning to his station act to "equipment," but enthuse over to find scores of sick and needy wait- a sterilizer $300, microscope $125, ing for him.

operating table $100, autoclave $100, The individual native worker, or the incubator $25, and forward the particular pupil in the foreign field, money. should not he assigned for support by Most people respond to stimuli American donors. Long experience in which produce a rich association of attempting such connections by the ideas. "Fatehgarh, Industrial School Foreign Mission Boards has proved it Equipment," to most minds connotes impracticable, unwise, prejudicial to little and carries no challenge; where- the best interests of the beneficiaries, as "Ponte Nova, farm machinery- and administratively impossible on plow, disc harrow, corn planter, cul- any large scale. The alternative is tivator, wagon, ensilage cutter," may application of money, equivalent to paint a picture of definite needs that the approximate support of such an is associated with the experience of individual, to a particular mission boyhood days on the farm, and create station in which are located pupils or a sympathetic emotion and the deter- native workers of the type that enlist mination to provide one of the imple- the interest of the American donor.

ments needed. Or gifts to a scholarship fund in a Girl power washing clothes in the particular mission or station, or sup- cold water of a river far removed port of localized evangelistic, educa- from the school buildings at Castro, tional or medical work, are possibili- Brazil, is an argument for a pipe line ties. Even better is it to designate and plumbing which can be under- gifts to a mission station, which offers stood by any person using modern the donor opportunity to support not necessities for wash day in Columbus, merely a particular bit of mission Ohio. work, but the big challenging, com- 47

prehensive task in all its varied ac- In missions just as in many other tivity at one definite center. forms of philanthropic and benevolent work, penple who contribute like to GIFTS FOR SPEVIFIV PURPOSES know what their money is doing. A A. E. CHENOWETH person who supports a preacher or teacher 0,1' student thinks nf his rep- Secretary, Department of Designated In· resentative on the nther side of the come, Board of Foreign Missions of world as wo.rking for Christ while the the Methodist Episcopal Church Gifts for specific purposes are called giver sleeps. He prays for his repby various names by the several resentative. Often he sends extra per- Boards, such as Special Gifts, Desig- sonal gifts to provide bnoks or clothnated Gifts, Station Plan, Parish ing. He receives pictures and letters. Abroad Plan, Share Plan, etc- But He becomes interested in the mission in each case the plan consists in the country and people, and reads literaapplication nf specific amnunts con- ture about that country and its people. tributed by individuals, churches, or The person supported also becomes inorganizations in churches, to, specific terested in the country and people purpnses in the foreign field. from which his support is coming.

Special Gifts, Designated Gifts, 0,1' There is, therefore, a process of eduby whatever name they are called, are catinn and development of sympathy gifts to be used for specific items lIS a and interest 'which affects both giver preacher, teacher, nurse, student, etc. ; and receiver.

or fnr definite property needs, as a There should not be any attempt to church nr chapel, a schnol, a dispen- obtain gifts for specific purposes. from sary, a residence fnr a missionary or reluctant donors by an over·emphasis a natinnal worker, 0,1' for equipment of some urgent emotional appeal. lor church, school, hnspital or other There must be a genuine desire on the bUilding. This type nf giving is at- part of the donor to help meet a real tractive to individuals. need. Do not make appeals but tell Gifts on the Parish Abrnad Plan, the story of the needs, and the oppor· tunities for investing some of the the Statinn Plan, the Share Plan, ek, are more nften made by churches, 0,1' Lord's money in ways that will result classes 0,1' organizatinns within a in bringing more abundant life– church to, whnm are assigned shares of physical, mental, and spiritual-to $25, $50, $100, or mnre, in the regular people who thrnugh no fault of their running expenses of a statinn, schnnl, own have been born into, unfavorable hospital 0,1' other unit of wnrk. On cnnditions. The need and the oppnrthe part of the church the regular giv- tunity will make their own appeal. ing, or a part of the giving, may be Usually when followers of Christ see cnnnected with the regular expenses and realize the need they are eager to respond with their gifts. nf the unit nf wnrk nn the field.

From the standpnint nf the Board Memorial buildings offer a very at- 0,1' organization administering the tractive proposition to those who work it would probably be more de- want to, do something inmemory of a sirable if funds were provided in suf- loved nne and at the same time help ficient amnunt to, care fnr the needs in making brighter and better the without specific designation of indi- lives nf less fortunate people in mis- vidual contributions. But such sion lands. Those who provide such amount is nnt provided, and as in- memorial buildings may have pictures dividual dnnors and organizations de- of the buildings and receive regular sire to, give for specific purposes roost reports nf the wnrk being done. A of the Boards are glad to receive such memorial tablet may be placed on the gifts even though there are snme diffi- building, and thus the example of culties that are inherent in the ad- commemorating lives in loving service ministration of them. will thrnugh the years influence the

BES.'!' METHODS

lives of all who are helped in their zation, and involves some expense, growth and development by the Chris- especially when one Board receives tian ministries carried on in the build- gifts from many thousands of in- ing. Often those who have given ex- dividuals during the year, and the pression to their love in this way have gifts, usually not large, total more visited mission lands and have had than a million dollars during the year.

the joy of seeing the memorial build- But the experience of the Boards ings and the still greater joy of seeing which have tried to handle the matter the lives which have been transformed in a sympathetic manner has shown as a direct result of the gifts. that many people will give for specific Many who support workers, stu- purposes, and that churches receive dents, or other persons, desiring that inspiration and larger vision from a their influence may live after them, vital connection with a particular establish permanent funds by deposit- unit or task.

ing with the Board an amount to be invested, the income of which is to be A YEAR'S WORLD PROGRAM FOR A SUNDAY SOHOOL used perpetually to support a worker, or to provide a scholarship for a boy Court Street Methodist Church, or girl or for a theological student. Lynchburg, Virginia, has a good The income oj a fund of $1,000 will world program and is training its provide a scholarship, while the in- Sunday-school to enter fully into the come on $2,000 to $4,000 will support missionary activities of the church. a preacher or teacher in most mission Three volunteers from the Sundaylands. And such a permanent fund school are now working in foreign established with any of the regular mission fields. Their pictures hang Church Boards will continue its on the walls of the Sunday-school beneficent work down through the auditorium. and beside them is an years so long as the Board shall last. empty frame silently calling for the Some Boards have already been in fourth volunteer. existence more than a hundred years. Recently the full world program The experience of the Methodist was presented at a Sunday-school ses- Episcopal Board, is that the income sion and later at the evening service from Designated Gifts and on the in the church.

Parish Abroad Plan continues more The leader introduced the program stable and constant than undesignated by saying: "Have you ever had a giving. But sympathetic attention dream come true 1 I am going to tell must be given to the whole proposi- you today of two dreams of the Mis- tion. It will not work automatically. sionary Committee of Court Street Returned! missionaries, church papers, Sunday-school. The first dream was and missionary speakers must con- that some day our Sunday-sehool tinually tell the story of needs and might have a world program. Our opportunities. Reports, letters and Mission Board has eleven fields. We pictures must come from the mission- dreamed of having some special work aries for the donors. Careful and a~­ in each of those tields and wrote to curate records must be kept so that our Board Headquarters in Nashville full information about any gift and asking for such a plan. In response correspondence about it may bc we received an outline of a real world quickly found when wanted. Donors program for our school, which was often need to be tactfully reminded accepted by our officers and teachers, when payments are due. Missionaries and put into operation by our school.

need full info.rmation about each gift, Our first dream has come true and and also need constant reminders now we present to you the world pro- about sending letters and reports at gram of Court Street Church."

regular intervals: At this point the attention of the All of this requires system, organi- audience was directed to a large wall 4

map of the world which had been fit- was founded in 1889 by Bishop Lamted with electric bulbs placed to rep- beth, and while it began in a very "esent the location of each missionary small way it is now one of the largest or station. As the speaker proceeded Christian schools in Japan. Some of the lights were turned on one after you remember Bishop Usake who the other to indicate the work being visited our Sunday-school. He is a done. graduate of Kwansei Gakuin. Our student's name is M. Shiomi. First and best of all, our Sundayschool has three flesh and blood rep- We have gone on to Cuba in our resentatives in the foreign mission world program. The church of the field. In Africa is Frank Johnson Cuban pastor, Rev. Constantine Gon- Gillian back for the second time at zales, to whose support we contributed his station after spending eighteen last year, has become self-supporting months at home studying and enlist- and we have taken, for this year, paring volunteers to take up work along tial support of Rev. Sterling August educational lines, and Dr. Charles P. Neblett, who is a fine and experienced Sheffey who has recently been elected missionary and has been working in Superintendent of the Mission at Cuba for ten years. He is editor of Nyama: the conference periodieal and super- intendent of Sunday-school work, In Manchuria, too, we have our and serves also as pastor in Havana. flesh and blood missionary, Miss Constance Rumbough, who has been in her In Mexico we are working through field about two years teaching, doing our gift of $155.00 for the support of social service work and caring for our evangelist, Senorita Maria I. orphan children. Oaxacca, Bellaze Circuit, Parral Dis- trict, Mexico. Our missionaries write The light shines also in Brazil. that, inasmuch as Mexico celebrated Last year we had Mr. Al Staton, who her fifty-year Jubilee last year, the had to return to North America on opportunities are greater now than account of his health, so this year we ever before. have given $150 on the support of Dr. W. H. Moore at Granberry Col- 'On our walls is the picture of a lege. boy in a Children's Home in Warsaw, Poland. Our greatest relief work has Now we go on to Korea with four been done in Poland. Our Sundayshares of $25.00 each in the country school is giving $100 a year to make clinics in the Choon Chun District. possible a home, food. care, and educa- Dr. Phillip Hill who is in charge of tion for this boy. these clinics visited our church last year and described in a most inter- In Czecho-Slovakia we are paying esting way his work for both children $75.00 on the support of Rev. Fredand grown ups. SometImes the clinics erick Wagner, colporteur and pastor. are conducted in the country though He discarded Romanism in his youth. they are at the hospital whenever pos- While he was in the trenches during sible. the World War some one gave him a Testament. As he read it he promised Last year we had a day school at God that if his life were spared he Huchow as our special work in China. would give it in service to Him. His The school has been discontinued by work in distributing Bibles and our Board but we are glad to know preaching the living Gospel has been it is being carried on by native Chris- especially successful. tians. Our gift to China this year has been $70.00 toward the support of Dr. In Belgium we are helping to sup- Li, a Chinese doctor in Soochow Hos- port colporteurs and evangelists by a pitaL gift of $75.00 a year.

In .Tapan we have a ministerial Now if you are quick at figures you scholarship of $125.00 in our school at know by this time that our SundlJ,y- Kobe. This school, Kwansei Gakuin, school has pledged $] ,000 for our

BEST METHODS

world program. Divided by twelve various fields, the volunteers were in- we have gifts of $85.00 a month troduced. 'l'hey flung out their chal- needed to carry out this program. lenge, •• Our Lives Against Your When our pledges are met up to date Money," and held it before the audi- the lights on our map shine brightly ence until one after another of the at each session of the Sunday-school. laymen, singly or in groups, answered If the pledges are unpaid we see a the challenge with pledges sufficient dark map until we bring them up to to send the volunteers to the needy date. Weare thankful that only once fields which waited their coming. has our school faced a dark map. In addition to the missionary offerings I< I< I< of our congregation whiCh amount to more than $6,000 a year, and thE Working in Two Parish"lI offerings of the Women's Missionary Society, our Sunday-school can readily A young pastor took charge of his meet its obligations for its world pro- first parish. The geography of his gram if we remember to give a little life had ended far short of his dreams more than we have been giving and as and expectations. He had thought to S. D. Gordon says, "Add to your bit serve in some far mission field. In- of money a bit of prayer." stead of an ocean voyage a short train journey only was required to bring Now our second dream is that some him to the home mission field in a day we may have a flesh and blood coal-mining section, to which he had representative from our church in been called. Instead of missing his each of our eleven fields, and some of opportunity he doubled it. With Liv- you may help this second dream to ingstone he discovered that" The end come true. of the geographical feat is the begin- ning of the missionary enterprise." SUCCESSFUL EXPERIMENTS IN It seemed that the end of the geo- DESIGNATED GIVING graphical feat of his life was within a few miles of his birthplace, but it was . Actual experiences of individuals who have only the beginning of his missionary made special gifts, or who have enlisted enterprise. There was no doubt of the the interest of other gi'Jers, contain need and opportunity. in his own . many best method .•uggestions. parish and its outlying territory. As he met that he said to his people, "I "Our Lives Against Your Money. " can't be satisfied about not being in The words printed in letters clear the foreign field unless I know there enough to be read by everyone in the is some one else there whose work I great auditorium were flung out to a am helping to make possible." convention having an attendance of more than a thousand men. Quietly, earnestly and persistently he kept the subject before his people The streamer with its challenge was until the support of a second pastor held aloft by about a score of young was assumed for a foreign mission men and women who were volunteers parish. for missionary service but who were detained at home because there was no I< .. I< money with which to send them out. Opening Up a Foreign Branch Ofllce A wise committee, realizing that some expenditure of money is fre- ,. Why don't you extend your busiquently a requisite for obtaining more ness and open up a branch office in money, paid the expenses of these some foreign land Y" said the mission volunteers that they might attend this secretary to the man of big business. convention and present their own challenge. "Oh, we have a number of foreign offices," replied the man of big busi- After a genuine interest had been neSS. awakened by a .program presenting the call of God and the needs of the " Anything in Korea?" was the next question,-"I mean anything in the line of your Father's business. "

Then in a way that challenged the tax levied by designing officers of man of great affairs he told of a new mission station that should be opened synod. up. The result was that he opened up that entire station in Korea providing A young student returning home for all the equipment and the mis- from college arranged for the pres- …… sionaries needed. entation of a series of missionary sub- Giving a Missionary and Supporting jects during a period when the con- Him Too gregation was without a pastor. At In many instances the congregation or Sunday-school or class from which the closing meeting of the series he a missionary goes may be enlisted to support him by girts of money as well proposed that in addition to the regas through constant interest and prayer. ular gifts for missions the support of A young man from South Carolina a native evangelist in Japan should went to Japan. To the Young PeopIe's Society from which he went it be assumed. The amount required was another call of "My LHe Against Your Money." The members who was $1.25 a day. Pledging thirty days stayed at home pledged their gifts to provide his salary and the frequent himself, he asked for volunteers to communications between Japan and South Carolina resulted in deep in- make this worker" my missionary for terest and fine support on the part of South Carolina and a constant en- a day." . couragement and help to the representative in Japan. There were few people present who In another instance a member of a were not earning at least $1.25 a day. Business Woman's Council who accepted a call to home mission work Almost anyone of them would volunin the mountains of North Carolina was supported by the members of her teer to work for one day during the Council who remained at home. year in Japan if the difficulties and When a member of a Sunday-school class was commissioned for service in expense of transportation could be India, the seventeen other members of the class accepted the commission they eliminated. The idea of working a recognized in their own hearts to go with her through prayer and gifts, day or a week through this plan apand assumed her financial support with the promise that through their pealed to them. prayers they would work with her constantly. In rapid succession hands were My Mislionary for a Day raised with pledges for one, two, or This plan is not a new one but it is more days, for a week or two weeks, an effective one. When it was presented in one large and listless rural or a month until they had provided church it suggested a possibility hitherto unheard of. In that con- for the entire year. gregation the apportionment for mis- .. .. .. sions was considered a burdensome An X-ray for India For many years the doctors in charge of a mission hospital in India longed for an X-ray apparatus. At a missionary rally in Chicago one of the doctors who was on furlough men- tioned this need.

There was no begging for help, no impassioned appeal. She simply told of a need and an opportunity. At the close of the meeting a man came to her saying that he was a dealer in X-ray apparatus and would be very glad to donate a machine to her hospital.

The plain statement of facts and needs in meetings, large and small, and to individuals is one of the best of methods for enlisting special gifts.

At Work In Brooklyn, Auo In North Carolina A summer conference; an earnest group of young women delegates; a

statement that a girl from a mountain He Couldn't Stop mission church in North Carolina who In a Southern city lives a man who had never given away any money in had been in college last year would all of his life, that is, anything more than small change which he had in his not be able to return this year unless pocket when the collection plate was passed. some one provided for her expenses; A representative of a Mission Board a pledge from a young business wom- went to talk with him about larger possibilities of giving. He went in fear an of Brooklyn; a bright young girl and trembling, for his prospective host was known among his friends as back in second year in college training a man who would speak his mind on all occasions rather candidly and the for a life of service; a young woman mind that was in him at that time was not a giving mind. going happily to her business knowing To the amazement of the Board repthat she is at work in Brooklyn and resentative the information which he gave concerning the need and the opalso' in North Carolina every day- portunity in the mission field was re- ceived with an interest which seemed that is the sequence in a story of one to increase as he talked. When he 'presented the opportunity of taking • • special gift. • the full support of a missionary, to his great amazement his host said that "Standing By" he would like to do that, and forth- with wrote his check to cover the en- When a missionary started to Korea tire amount necessary for the first years ago an old college friend said, year's work. 'rhat check was written ,,Well, old friend, I won't forget ten years ago, and it has been followed every year by many others. Recently you." this man, who is now recognized as a Throughout the years he sent newsy, generous donor, said, "That man got me started and I can't stop." cheering home letters out to his friend in Korea. He seemed to have a He has contributed liberally to a marvelous way of understanding what splendid new church in a needy part his missionary friend needed most. of his own city, moved his own mem- Money, clothing, and other supplies bership to it and is standing back of followed the letters with an occasional it in every way. Lately he has gone shipment of candy for the missionary into the great business of giving family. During the years that have passed since those days of beginnings mountain boys an education through this donor has grown in wealth and in church schools. Already he has ingiving also. I,ast year he gave to one vested more than $300,000 in the church enterprise $75,000 and this Lord's work, since the writing of that year he has added $100,000 to his first check ten years ago, and now he designated giving. One gift built a is laying all of his plans to invest school in China, another a missionary about $3,000,000 more in the Lord's home in Korea. In the meantime the work. He is trying to sell a skydormitory of a mountain school has scraper and a bank which is housed been erected and many other gifts in it that he may put the proceeds made for designated purposes. from the sale into building Christian character. His own time and energy His right hand has not known what are being devoted to that Christ-like his left hand was doing and scarcely work. Under the process the man himanyone knows him as a generous giver. He has never been impoverished by his large gifts and reminds one always of the man of whom it was said: , 'A man there was, some called him mad, The more he gave the more he had."

He began his giving with small sums very early in life before he had great possessions. Now he is a very wealthy man and his gifts run into hundreds of thousands.

sell' h~s grown toward the full stature books of their own selection. This of Christ. plan preserves the pleasant element of surprise in the gift; insures that only " II " desirable books shall be sent; fur- nishes the books to the missionary at The Solution Offered by a Chicago such times and in such quantities as he can best use them; keeps such a Church for the Book Problem of long list of books before the church- members as to make it possible for It. Foreign Pastor in Korea them to find among them some that are already in their own libraries or One of the great problems of the some books they would love to "j:my missionary's life is how to keep fitphysically, mentally, and spiritually. and read before sending; and builds Nor is keeping fit mentally the least up for the missionary a library that of these three difficulties. The number of those who pursue any syste- is always up-to-date and available for matic method of continued mental de- his own use and the use of other misvelopment from their school days sionaries near him. Thus the gift of throughout life is few in any land, but a book becomes like the "gift of there is perhaps more excuse for the mercy, thrice blessed "-it blesses the neglect when one lives in a foreign donor, the recipient, and all his mismission land where the work is exact- sionary friends who may read it. ing and arduous; the literature such as there is in a foreign tongue; op- Are there not many other churches portunities for stimulating social con- in America that will welcome such a tact very limited; books and maga- chance to be of real service to their zines expensive; and public libraries missionary, and through him to the entirely lacking. In the midst of such work he is doing 1-E:Echange. environment and conditions the missionary must depend largely upon his mLE BOOKS WANTED determined effort in reading and studying good books and magazines, In many places there is a famine of good but even if he has the determination, literature while elsewhere therA is a surplus. and jealously guards his time, he still Idle hooks and unused magazines that clut· has the problem of getting books and tel' shelves in many homes and lihraries, magazines. No one, besides himself, might, with little trouble, be sent to bring is more vitally interested in the well- light and joy and blessing to homes and being of a missionary than the church churches that are in need. A letter from a in America that has undertaken his missionary in the Ozark Mountains, Arkan· support. Here in one place the sas, says: church can help him. "Our little communities have no reading It is common for such churches to matter except an occasional paper or cheap furnish magazines, either new ones or book. If we only bad a few good books to second-hand ones, forwarded after start a cirCUlating library-especially of they have been read, but the Buelll simple, inspirational books-it would be a Memorial Church, of Chicago, Illinois, great boon. No better work could be done during the past year has undertaker for this people." to supply good books in various fields of interest for its missionary in Seoul, Many people in the southern mountains in addition to the magazines it sends. and on the western plains and many Chris· In response to such an offer the mis- tian workers in isolated mission !'Jtations in sionary sends long lists of books that America and in foreign fields have no li· he desires, adding year by year to the braries accessible, and their salaries are too list new books as they come to his at- small to buy books. They need all kinds of tention, and from this list the mem- interesting, helpful literature-biography, bers of the Buena Church send popular science, history, essays, fiction with throughout the year from time to high moral tone, travel and general. religious time, and only in such amounts as the books that stimulate faith and Christian missionary can really read and. digest, living.

If any reader will write a card to the office of the REVIEW, stating the kind of books or papers they have to give away, we will gladly send the addresses of Christian workers to whom such literatur.6 may be sent. .EDITOR;

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MIss ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY CHRISTIAN WOMEN AND THE women who are vitally in touch with the problems. The next hour of the WORLD TODAY session will be spent in full and free discussion of the topic. Among those By GERTRUDE SOHULTZ who will lead in the ,presentation and in the discussion will be the following: The annual meeting of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Mrs. Thomas Nicholson Missions will be held in Vernon !Worn, Mrs. Charles K. Roys Haddon Hall, Atlantic City, January Mrs. Robert E. Speer 10th and 11th. The Executive Com- Mrs. Daniel J. Fleming mittee will meet the afternoon and Miss Mary Dingman (London) evening of January 9th at the same Mrs. Katherine Willard Eddy (Japan) place. The first public meeting will Mrs. J. H. Warnshuis (India) be held Sunday afternoon at 2: 30 Mrs. Frank Gaylord OOok o'clock, with Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, Miss Margaret Burton President of the Federation, presid- Mrs_ Hm-man Butler ing. The underlying theme of the Dr. William Paton (India) meeting will be: Dr. A. L. Warnshuis.

• A large group of missionaries, Board members and secretaries will be THE SPIRITUAL FELLOWSHIP AND RE- present to help with the discussions.

SOURCES OF CHRISTIAN WOMEN A group of Oriental women will be the guests of the Federation: IN FACING: Miss Tze of China I. The Missionary Enterprise in Miss Grace Yang of China Relation to World Peace. Miss Esther Kantayya of India.

II. The Present Situation in China. The formal reports of the w.ork of III. International Relationships and the Federation will be presented to the Executive Committee so that the Prejudice. business of the Federation may be IV. Industrialism as It Affects the put through rapidly in order to give the time for the discussion of these Work for Women and Chil- very vital world problems. dren. V. The Contribution of Youth to The officers of the Federation feel This Enterprise. that these problems are of such vital importance to the future of all the A whole session will be given to missionary work being done by womeach one of these vitally important en that most serious consideration problems facing Christian women to- should be given to them. The Chrisday. The first forty-five minutes of each session will be given to the presentation of the topic by men and FROM 9: 30 TO 12: 30 SUNDAY MORNING THERE WILL BE HELD A RE- TREAT FOR THE MISSIONARIES, OFFIC'ERS, MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, PRESIDENTS OR CHAIRMEN OF LOCAL FEDERATIONS, NA- TIONALS FROM MANY COUNTRIES, AND ALL P"&RSONS TA"KlN'G PART IN THE PROGRAM. A CORDIAL INVITATION IS EXTENDED TO THE OFFICERS, MISSION- ARIES AND SPEAKERS ON THE PROGRAM OF THE FOREIGN MISSIONARY CON- FERENCE, WHICH FOLLOWS IMMEDIATELY ON THE CLOSE OF THE MEETINGS OF THE FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S FOREIGN BOARDS OF NORTH AMERIC'A.

55

t.ian women of the world are facing mean real progress in the advance- TREMENDOUS OPPORTUNITIES and rtl- ment of Christ's Kingdom. sponsibilities; only as they unitedly face these problems can real results The result of this meeting should be achieved. Toget.her these repre- be far reaching, for the recommenda- tions of the Findings Committee will sentatives of the Christian women of be sent to all local Federations and the Occident and the Orient will face to every mission Board for consideranot only the problems, but the great tion and action. Every Christian woman who can possibly arrange to undeveloped SPIRITUAL RESOURCES be at Atlantic City for these days is available for the solution of these urged to be present. problems. Such a meeting should JOINT HOME AND FOREIGN MISSION PLANS SUGGESTED PROGRAMS FOR A possible. Have a roll-call or pro- YOUNG PEOPLE'S MEETING cessional. 10. Have plenty of ushers, leaders of under the auspices of a music and good ventilation. 11. Do not take a collection, but make WOMEN'S CHURCH: AND M:!SSJONA.R.Y plans to follow up the meeting with FFDElLATION a service project which will appeal to the young people; and stimulate These programs are suggestive merely and may a >desire to give. be adapted to suit the spec.ifio community. The II. Meeting. two may be cO!llbined if desirable. 1. Procession."l hymn-I IWe march, Suggested Program Number One we march to victory.'"

1. Preparation for the meeting. 2. Scripture reading in unison-Psalm 1 or Psalm 103. 1. Invite cooperation of city officers S. Prayer, closing with the Lord's of Young Men's Christian Associa- Prayer. tion, Young Women's Christian As- sociation, Young People's Union, 4. Brief introductory word from the Christian Endeavor, E p w 0 r t h Women's Federatbn, expressing the League, Guilds, etc., calling a meet- interest of the church in youth, the ing of such officers for help in ar- need for the cooperation of young ranging date, methods of promo- people in all religious problems, tion, and suggestions for the pro- and the desire to have the help of gram. Have a responsible chairman the young people of the community_ chosen by this group to work with the Federation's committee, as well 5. Theme of meeting: "Our Town- as members to serve on the various Our Part In It. n committees of arrangements for the meeting. USE YOu;N"G PEOPLE A. Speech-"What a fine town we have," by the Mayor or some TO HELP PLAN THE MEE1l'ING AND other public official.

PR.OMOTE IT. B. Some questions-" Is there any- thing that could be better in our 2. Begin preparations a long time in town among the unprivileged advance. groups r" (These could be 3. Plan the meeting for and with given by a number of people, each outlining briefly a com- young people, and not about young munity problem.) people. • .C. Answers from young people themselves. Brief talks giving 3. Be willing to try experiments in some way to meet each of the problems outlined under B. arrangement of church or hall, D. "What can we do to helpf" Practical Buggestions either by music, program, etc. one person or by many, or free discussion, if possible. 5. Divide up the work of preparation, E. Summary of discussion, and challenge to youth to find the but hold frequent meetings to re- way of Christ for the solution of the problems in question. ceive reports and cheek up on the (Brief talk by a church leader of young people_) progress made. F. Hymn. G. Prayer. 6. Enlist the cooperation of the pas- tors, and form prayer groups of those interested in young people.

7. Use all denominational agencies for pUblicity and promotion_ 8. Have posters displayed in all churches, with full information as to date, place, program and ar- rangements_ 9. Provide for group seating and sing- ing, with banners or standards, if

WOMAN '8 HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS

III. Other themes for such a meeting. organization, closing with the Mizpah Benediction led by the Chairman. 1. What young people arc doing in other lands. FOOT~OTE ~ Be sure your facts are up-to-date. Procure the latest information from the head.. 2. Debate on religious education and quarters of the various denominations. the best methods of securing it. STANDARDS FOR CONFERENCES 3. Poster contest on mission studY AND SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS textbooks and address by sOln'e missionary author on the "Power Affiliated with the of Missionary Books." COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR 4. Summer prog~ams, conferences, etc., HOME MISSIONS and what they offer to young peo· pIe. Opportunities for summer and the service. FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S 5. The race problem in our country BOARDS OF FOREIGN AlIS- and in the eommunity in which we SIONS OF NORTH live. Can we :find a Christian solu· AMERICA tion, and how can we as young peo· pIe have a share in iH (Discussion Affiliation based on a preliminary survey of the race problem in the community, An interdenominational Confer- and, the contribution which each ence or School of Missions which has race is making to the life of the three or more cooperating denomina- town.) tions whose Women's Boards are Con- stituent Boards of the Council of 6. A study of the signi:ficance of stu· Women for Home Missions may be- dent movements in Europe, India, come affiliated with the Council upon China, Japan, and the United recommendation of the Committee on States, in their bearing upon pres· Schools of Missions. ent international problems. What would be the effect of a world·wide An interdenominational Confer- movement of. Christian young peo· ence or School of Missions which has pIe to change or improve interna' three or more cooperating .denomina- tional relations f tions whose Women's Boards are affiliated with the Federation of 7. What is the responsihility of the Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions young people of today in the move· may become affiliated with the Fed- ment for international peace Y eration upon recommendation of the Committee on Conferences and Suggested Program Number Two Schools of Missions.

1. "Fling Out the Banner." Processional For affiliation with the Council and carrying Christian flags and flag or pen· Federation, application should be nant of each organization. made to the headquarters of each or- ganization. 2. Scripture Reading-Psalm 67. 3. Prayer. Committees of the Federation and 4. Greetings by the President of the Feder· Council ation. The Committees of the Council and 5. Theme: ' 'What Christian Young People Federation have for their purpose the rendering of every possible service Are Doing in Other Lands." to the Schools in their efforts toward bringing the sessions to the highest a. A Symposium, each country presente.l point of efficiency, by suggesting by a chosen perSOIL from the respective teachers and leaders upon request, organizations. and by aiding in the advancement of all the interests of the SchooL What Christian Young People are do· ing in Each School is entirely independ- (1) Europe (4) India ent in the management of its meetings (2) China (5) Africa (3) Japan (6) Latin America (10 minutes each. Chairman keep each within time limit.) Or an address on this subject if someone who is really informed can be secured. A missionary Play be available.

b. Song-" 0 Zion Haste."

c. What are the great tasks which Amer· ican, European and Oriental youth must carry through together to pro· duce a truly ,Christian world' (Ad. dress or discussion.) d. Short prayers by one chosen from each

and in the preparation of its pro- tbe Dean, the records of regisgram. tration by classes. (6) Lectures or Addresses: Appropriation Popular presentation of mis- When a School affiliated with the sions. Council needs financial assistance for (7) Time: the purpose of securing a teacher for the home mission textbook, the Coun- Five days, not including Suncil will grant $50 per year upon re- day. quest, this assistance to be maintained for a period not to exceed three years. 2. Maximum: (1) Committee: Conferences and Sr;hool of Missions The managing Board or Com- mittee to be composed of repre- I. Objectives: sentatives from at least three evangelical denominations, ap- Training leaders for tbe missionary pro- pointed or approved by tbeir re- gram of tbe Church. spective Boards. (2) Bible Study: Promoting intelligent Bible study. At least four courses helpful Developing missionary technique. in developing the spiritual life Developing cooperation among women of •the individual and in pre· paring for tbe devotional pe- and girls in the churches. riods in tbe regular missionary Promoting interdenominational fellow· meetings of women, young wom- en, 'teen age groups and chil- ship. dren. Stimulating discussion of national and (3) Graded Missionary Instruction: a. Two·hour normal class, international problems. using the group method of Christianizing race relations. teaehing, for those who are to prepare to teach or promote II. Standards: study classes, and a sufficient number of classes so that not The following "minimum standard" is more than thirty are registered the basis of affiliation witb the Fed- in each class. eration and Council. There should be classes of this type for leaders who ex- 1. Minimum: pect to teach. 1. The Adult book, (1) Committee: 2. The Senior book, 3. The Intermediate book, The managing Board or Com- 4. The Jnnior book. b. Discussion groups for mittee to be composed of rep' those not preparing to teach. (4) Methods: resentatives from at least three Courses for leaders of the fol- lowing missionary groups: evangelical denominations, ap- a. Women's Societies, b. Young Women '8 So- pointed or approved: by their cieties, c. 'Teen age groups, respective Boards. d. Children's groups. (5) Addresses by missionaries or (2) Bible Study: others: a. On Missions, A course helpful in develop- b. On tbemes allied to the textbooks of the year. ing the spiritual life of the in- (6) Forums: The holding of at least one dividual and in preparing for forum which shall demonstrate the technique and practice of the devotional periods in the this method. (7) Dramatics: regular missionary meetings of Technique and practice. (8) Story Telling: the women, young women, 'teen Technique and practice. (9) Faculty: age groups and ehildren. a. Experienced leaders i 11 Bible, mission stu d y and (3) Mission Study: methods.

One-hour discussion groups or two-hour normal classes, daily, based on the textbooks of the year.

(4) Methods: Classes for leaders in women's societies and in young wom- en's or junior organizations.

(5) Faculty: a. Experienced leaders in Bible, mission study and meth- ods.

b. A Dean who shall assist delegates in the selection of courses and shall keep in touch with clasa registration to see that all attend classes bes~ adapted to their needs. .

c. A Registrar who shall su- pervise," in collaboration with

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS

b. A Dean who shall assist carefully c h 0 sen leadership. delegates in the selection of F'aculty as for adult school. eonrSeB and shall keep in touch (11) Time: with class registration to see that all attend classes best a. A day for preliminary adapted to their needs. conference of the leaders.

c. A Registrar who shall b. Seven to ten days, ineIud· supervise, m collaboration with ing Sunday. One day for regis· the Dean, the records of regis· tration, opening sessions of tration by classes. classes, etc., followed by six (10) Young Women's Department: days of regular class sessions.

Camp or other activity with c. Periods not less than forty·five minutes.

Woman's Home Mission Bulletin EDITED BY FLORENOE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK IN EVERYTHING BY PRAYER lowship in prayer, for inspiration to- Last month the section of the Wom- ward further service, and those who an's Bulletin devoted to foreign mis- are representing you in the various sions carried an announcement by Mrs. Montgomery telling of the ob- mission fields will be deprived of the servance of ~he Day of Prayer for help the united intercession would Missions to be held on February 19tb. have been to them. Shall we send Mrs. Montgomery modestly did not them forth and not uphold their state that she is the author of the pro- hands T Do we believe in the power gram. It was thought most fitting of prayer T Let no one interested in missions fail to do her part on Febthis year when Prayer and MissiO'nS ruary 19th.

by her is one of the current study EACH DAY books to have her prepare the pro- Into the basket of thy day gram for this next observance of the Put each thing bright and each thing gay united Day of Prayer for Missions: That thou canst find upon thy way.

In Everything by Prayer is the title Neglect no joy, however small, of the program. And it shall verily befall A Call to Prayer has also been The day can scarcely hold them all.

printed, as usual, for preliminary use, Within the basket of thy day the chairman of the Joint Committee, Let nothing evil find its way, Mrs. S. S. Hough, having prepared And let no frets or worries stay.

this card. Wide use of the card helps So shall each day be brave and fair, much toward a successful observance. Holding of joy its happy share, And finding blessmgs everywhere. It is most advisable that orders for both card and program be placed -PRISCILLA LEONARD.

early with your denominational head- FACING THE FACTS; FACING quarters, for each year some aTe dis- THE FUTURE appointed when they send belated orders to find that the supply is ex- The Home Missions Council and hausted and there is not sufficient time Council of Women for Home Mis- to reprint. The card is sent :tree in sions have taken this as the theme for quantity by most boards; a few their Annual Meeting, which this charge postage. The program is 2) year is to be held in St. Louis, J an- cents each, $1.50 per 100. uary 21st-25th; and is to include a If no plans have yet been made for National Missions Conference, such interdenominational observance of the as was held in Rochester, N. Y., and day in your community, call up the in Dayton, Ohio. In each case these leaders in the various communions National Conferences are planned and see if arrangements cannot be and carried through in cooperation macle for such a meeting. You will with the local Council of Churches or be missing. a real opportunity for fel- Church Federation.

As usual, most of the sessions of Council of Women for Home Misthe Annual Meeting will be jointly sions. The fundamental Problems of conducted by the Home Missions Migration will be presented Friday Council and Council of Women for evening. Other possible items of joint Home Missions. All sessions, except endeavor will also be discussed. two when technical executive matters will be discussed, will be open to the The Church Federation of St. Louis public and as large an attendance as requested especially that one session possible 'will be welcomed. be given to a review of the St. Louis Church Survey made by Dr. Paul While this announcement goes to Douglass. This will occur on Saturpress before plans are perfected, they day. On Saturday, also, in accordhave progressed far enough to indi- ance with the plans of the local cate most interesting addresses and Women's Missionary Federation the discussions on vital matters. After Day of Prayer for Missions will be separate sessions of the two Councils observed, instead of on February on Thursday, January 21st, all will 19th. come together for a dinner, after which Dr. Charles L. White, Presi- Saturday evening representatives dent of the Home Missions Council, from the Interdenominational Stuwill address the gathering on "The dent Conference held in Evanston, Greatness of' the Task," and Mrs. IlL, Dec. 2'9th-Jan. 1st, will tell of John Ferguson, President of the the Contribution of Youth through Council of Women for Home Mis- the Church to Present Day Needs, Sions, on "The Oneness of the Task." followed by an address by Dr. John Other addresses at this dinner will McDowell on the same general topic. emphasize the necessity of confidence in and loyal obedience and devotion Ample time for discussion will be to our Lord and Master. allowed throughout the sessions.

Friday afternoon will be devoted to On the Sabbath, visiting delegates the various activities now being car- -both men and women-will fill ried on cooperatively by the Boards 'many of the pulpits of the city, mornthrough the Councils. A great lack ing and evening. Meetings are being of religious books for the blind hav- t>lanned for Sunday afternoon and ing been evidenced, the Councils have Monday. Hotel Buckingham will be during the past year printed the fir~t headquarters, the sessions being held of what it is hoped will be a series of in the assembly rooms of the hotel. books in braille. Fittingly at this afternoon session the devotional read- Consisting of the Boards of twentying will be by a blind person. The eight denominations, and having sucproviding of Religious Work Direc- cessfully launched various pieces of tors in Government Indian Schools is actual cooperative service, it was felt another cooperative project and it is that now all should together face the expected that Mr. Isaac Greyearth. a facts-the facts of need, of opportu- Sioux who serves as one of these Di- nity, of service–and then face the rectors, will tell of this work. The futwre and determine goals, discuss functioning of the Bureau of Refer- methods, and bend energies to acence for Migrating People, the follow- complish the desired end-the bringup of Protestant Immigrants, another ing in of the Kingdom in all its fullof the joint activities, will be ex- ness here in the homeland for the sake plained. of America and of the world.

One of the most interesting phases It ain't the guns nor armaments, of missionary service of late years has been the work among Farm and Can- Nor the funds that we can pay, nery Migrants which is conducted by the women's boards through the But the close cooperation that makes us win the day.

It ain't the individual, nor the army as a whole, But the everlastin' teamwork of every bloomin' soul. -KIPLING.

FROM .MANY

!

Protestants of the Earth dale's New Testament in English was the theme for Universal Bible Sunday STATISTICS presented to the on December 6, 1925. Tyndale's Stockholm Conference on Chris- translation shaped the whole course tian Life and Work give the total of succeeding translations of the New Protestant population of the earth lis Testament. A circular on Tyndale 195,100,000. The Protestant popula- may be obtained free on application tion of the British empire is reckoned to the National Association of Book at 46,900,000, divided as follows: Publishers, 334 Fifth Ave., New Anglican, 28,600,000; .Free Churches, York, N. Y., or to the American Bible 800,000; Church of Scotland, 2,700,- Society. 000; United Free Church of Scotland, 1,500,000; Irish Presbyterians, 800,- "Rid the World, of Leprosy!" 000; Canadian Presbyterians, 1,400,- 000; Canadian Methodists, 1,100,000; WITH this slogan, William M. Canadian Baptists, 400,000; Canadian Danner, General Secretary of the Lutherans, 200,000; Church of Aus- ~<.merican Mission to Lepers, startoo. tralia, 1,600,000; Church of South September 16th on a round-the-world Africa, 600,000. In continental Eu- tour. The Mission, coope.rating as it rope the P.rotestant population is said has done for many years with deto be: Germany, 40,300,000; Switzer- nominational boards of foreign misland, 2,200,000; Holland, 3,600,000; sions, has established a chain of nearly France, 1,400.000; Denmark, 3,200,- a hundred leper asylums in lands 000; Norway, 2,300,000; Sweden, where the afiiiction is most severe. 5,700,000; Finland, 3,300,000; Esthonia, 1,000,000; Latvia, 1,500,000; Mr. Danner carried letters of intro- Russia, 1JOO,000; Lithuania, 200,000; duction from the Japanese Ambassa- Poland, 1,500,000; Czechoslovakia, dor and the Chinese Minister at 2,100,000; Austria, 300,000; Hun- Washington, which will secure him gary, 3,600,000; Roumania, 1,300,- access to the strongest statesmen in 000. The same figures give the Prot- these two countries. In Siam he will estant population of the United States seek an audience with the King, who as 74,500,000. personally founded the extensive pub- lic leper asylum in its capital city. These figures are probably over- Bangkok. He will bring to the attengenerous to the Protestants. They are tion of all the officials he meets the based on an estimate of about one excellent results that have been obhundred and fifty per cent sympa- tained from Hegregation of lepers in thizers or adherents to Protestantism Hawaii and the Philippines, as well in addition to the actual members of as in the United States. If he can Protestant Churches. This would induce them even to begin on the mean only about 75,000,000 Pirotes- American policy the end of the histant communicants or open confessors toric scourge could be said to be in of Jesus Christ as their Lord and sight, since quarantine on a national Saviour. They number about one in scale would stop the infection of new twenty oil the earth's population. victims.

The Gospel by Mail to Je….. T THE The Tyndale Centenary HE four-hundredth anniversary of British Society for the Propathe publication of William Tyn- gation of the Gospel among the 61

JOews, believing that to most Jews the 7. Spend twice as much for school Bnd Bible, especially the New Testament, edacation as for church and reli· is "a hidden book, " carries on "postal gious interBats. 8. :Spend eleven times as much on crime mission work," that is, sending and its punishment as on church through the post copies of the New and religious interests. Testament chiefly, in part or whole, 9. Waste $19 for every $1 they spend on to Jewish families on the five conti- church and religious interests. 10. Spend $,29 on luxuries for every $1 nents of the earth. The first batch of given to church and religious in· postal packets was sent out from terests.

° Liverpool, in November, 1910, and If our Christian people could be others have been sent at least three made to realize what these figures times a year, ever since. With each mean, and to set resolutely toward gospel or New Testament there is en- making a change in them fw the bet- closed also an introductory note which ter, then certainly the 48,224,000 reads in part as follows; church members gathered in the 237,- This is a message from God to you. Do 945 churches in our country should not turn a deaf ear to it. Like your Scrip. have influence and power enough to tures it was written by a holy man of God, start something worth while.

moved by the Holy Ghost, written that you might believe that Jesus is the Christ (the :M.essiah) the Son of God, and that believing America.n Bible Society A you might have life through His Name. In T its l09th annl1al meeting in May, this great society, which Him and Him alone is pardon, peace, hope and heaven . . . Read, therefore, believe has more than 3,000 workers scattered and be saved.

all over the world, reported encour- NORTH AMERICA aging growth along many lines. The The United States Dollar total issues for the year amounted to THE Year Book of the Young Men's 6,652,299 volumes 'and were in 172 Christian Association for 1925 languages and dialects and Scriptures for the blind. In the Arabic-Levant deals with the American dollar and Agency the work of manufacturing Arabic Scriptures has proceeded at a how it is spent. According to the greatly accelerated pace. The total American Education Digest, here is for the year was more than,twice the the accounting; Cents Living costs •…………. 24% number manufactured in ] 923, and 22 t.hree and one third times the annual Luxuries •••………….. 14 average. All printing of the Scrip- Waste …•…………… tures for the Levant Agency is now Miscellaneous ………… . 13% Investment ………….. . 11 Crime ……………… . S% being done at the American Press in Beirut and for the first time in its Government …………. . 4% history a representative of the Amer- ican Bible Society, lVIr. S. T. Cassapi, Schools ………..•…… I1h is living in Beirut and supervising the work. In China, the three Bible Church .•……………. 0% Societies-the British and Foreign, From these figures the compiler of the Year Book draws the deductions that the people of the United States; 1. Spend nearly as much for luxuries as the National Bible Society of Scot- for living costs. land and the American Bible Society 2. Spend one half as much for invest· ment as for luxuries. –have cooperated in the publication of an edition of Scriptures with 3. Waste more than one half as much as what is termed a "common title it costs to live.

4. Spend only one :fifteenth as much for page."

school and education as for lux· uries. 5. Waste nine times as much as they Y. M. C. A. Help for Strangers S spend on school and education. TRANGERS in strange lands- whether they be Japanese; Ger- 6. Spend six times as much for crime and its punishment as for school man, French; Polish, West Indian, and education.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

African or American-find the nu- possible effort to perfect the necessary merous difficulties of travel made organization of those world forces easier by the service which the Y. M. whereby the people of our time and C. A. extends to them. In the fourth- of succeeding generations shall be able floor backroom of a Chicago tenant, a to reach agreements and to adjust new arrival from Poland has framed grievances. " the "Y" introduction card, which helped him so much all along his Tract Society Centennial Fund wearisome way, and has scrawled under it in Polish: "Trust the Y. M. THE American Tract Society, which C. A. It is your best friend!" The has printed and distributed in all Y. M. C. A. was the first organization 815,669,200 pieces of Christian literto promote service among foreigners ature, and which celebrated its cenon a world·wide basis. Its activities tennial last May, now appeals to the now extend to most European and public for $200,000 with which to Oriental countries, frontier towns, start its second century of service. fifteen strategic ports of embarkation, The present work of the society ten ports of entry, and several hun- stresses particularly the .Christian dred cities of destination. Even on .'.meriminization of the thousands of shipboard, the hours are enlivened by foreigners who come to America each games started by Y. M. C. A. repre- year. Through its colporteur at Ellis sentatives. During the last six months Island, it gives out Christian books of 1924 special migration secretaries and tracts and books on Americanizaat the British ports alone have dis- tion in many languages, and it distributed nearly 14,000 cards and tributes in the great foreign centers letters of introduction and sent more of America tracts and books in twenthan 10,000 letters regarding emigra- ty-seven languages, and hymnals in tion cases. During the same period ten languages. over 4,000 people of thirty-nine different nationalities were assisted in The sum of $200,000 which is the numerous ways at Ellis Island. goal of the Centennial Fund Cam- paign of the American T.ract Society Dett'oit Congre.. on Peace is to be used to develop and increase colporteur service among the foreign THE chief message of the tenth an- groups in New England; to endow nual meeting of the American the Spanish !:lunday-school periodical, Council of the World Alliance for In· Man-zan-as de Oroj to republish the ternational Friendship Through the "Self-Explaining Bible" with notes, Churches, held in Detroit, Mich., No- and t.he pocket Bible; to print new vember 10-12, 1925 and announced tracts in English, more books in foras "A Congress on Peace and Secur- eign 'languages, and foreign hymnals ity," consisted in an appeal to all in five different languages. churches and all citizens to obtain congressional approval this winter for White and Negro "Y" Seoretaries American adherence to the World Court. The congress also asked that A PRACTICAL demonstration of committees in all churches arrange the Christian spirit in race relafor study classes on "how the prin- tions, which was given at the re,cent ciples of the gospel may be applied to annual meeting of Y. M. C. A. secreinternational and racial relation- t.aries has received little attention exships" and urged all pastors to "lay cept in the Negcl."o press,' where it has especial emphasis in their preaching heen greeted with deep appreciation. on the unity of mankind," with par- During these meetings in other years ticular reference to Japan and China. secretaries of the colored department One of the resolutions adopted read: of the Associa.tion have roomed at "It is clearly our duty to exert every hotels conducted by Negroes for Negro patrons. LaSt year the feeling was strongly expressed that arrangements

should be made so that colored and but they are practicing unity in these white workers could be accommodated ways that will make a united church in the same hotels. .An effort was possible in time."

made to arrange this with the hotel- keepers of Atlantic City, but when Santee Indian School the secretaries reached their meeting F OR fifty-five years the American this year they found the old segrega- Missionary Association (Congregation perpetuated. Whereupon eight tional) has been conducting a school white secretaries of the Student De- at Santee, Okla., and F. B. Riggs repartment took up their residence in ports that the last year has been the the colored hotel where their Negro best of all. He says: ' ,We pursue all fellow-secretaries were, perforce, staying. Two of the men who took this the studies that are taught the public step were Southerners. Chrisiian schools. Besides those, of course, we 1Vork comments: "These student sec- teach subjects that are especially retaries deserve all the praise whicb necessary to our main purpose as a has been given them. They have made missionary school for the training of it harder to maintain segregation in future avowedly religious gather- Indian leaders. Our academic limit ings. " was only the tenth grade. Now this year, we have advanced to the elev- enth and are on the way to become a full-:fl.edged accredited high school Ohri.tlan Ohinese Uniting next year. This year our Indian stu- ~~THE steady growth of a r-eal dents made marked improvement in youtll movement looking toward studying, in dass recitation, and in general reading. We excel other Inunity in the religious work of the San dian schools in vocal music. We give Francisco Chinese community and toward initiative and responsibility in non-sectarian religious instruction in all our grades. And for non-resident social service," is reported in The. students we have a correspondence American Missionary, which says: school, seven courses in the Dakota "In one of the Chinese mission build- Indian language (Sioux) and three ings of San Frnncisco generously courses in English. Our Bible corgranted for such use by a mission respondence school is rapidly improvboard, the younger Chinese of several ing." denominations are carrying on a very significant work to serve the community in educational, social and reCir"ea- LATINAMERIOA tional activities. This includes a Chi- A :ali.donary Appointed Mayor D nese language school, a society 'for R. EUGENE A. MacCORNAGK training in chorus work, a society fOJ of Whitehall, Wisconsin, a med- amateur dramatics, and the regular ical missionary of the Methodist Epis- work of Boy Scouts, Camp Fire Girls, copal Church, who served as superin- besides frequent union social and reli- tendent of the British-American gious meetings. All these activities Hospital in Lima, Peru, has been ap- which could scarcely develop to any pointed alcalde or mayo;r- of the city great strength in a single small church of Callao by President A. B. Leguia.

are flourishing as the young people get The president of the republic and a together in this way. The competition score of congressmen and other gov- of the purely secula;r- organizations of ernmental officials have had members the Chinese community, on the one of their families treated in this hos- hand, and of the strong Catholic mis- pital. It is also giving medical serv- sion, on the other, make it clear to ices to several thousand needy poor.

most of the Christian Chinese of the Dr. MacCornack is the first North Protestant churches that they must American to be appointed mayor of a work together more and more. They Peruvian community, and probably are not yet ;ready for a united church, the first appointed anywhere in South

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

America. He has recently received to time we receive visits from wealthy the degree of Doctor of Medicine from farmers, often fanatical, and coming San Marcos University, Peru, the old- a distance of several hundreds of est university of the Western Hemi- miles, solely to buy pure-bred animals sphere. It is unusual to grant this and grain. They bring a whole retinue degree to physicians from the United with them-·Indians, foremen and States. It will enable the doctor and under-men-and often they have to his staff to carryon their work in stay several days. But during that Peru with the full sanction of the time they not only purchase cattle; Government. they hear the Gospel preached, and see for themselves the change that has Conditions in Central America taken place in the Indian Christians; t.ake note of the characters and capa- REV. R. R. GREGORY, secretary bilities of our lads and children; out of the Caribbean Agency of the of curiosity enter the school; and, led American Bible Society, thus sums up to acknowledge the po'<ver of the Gosthe impressions he gained in a recent pel in the lives of many, they are won tour of thirteen weeks in Central over to a new view of Christianity, America: "On the one hand, saloons and gladly accept a copy of the hereare doing a flourishing business; too tie's Book, and the printed message of many still believing that governments salvation.' , cannot be run without the license tax money. '1'he movie picture business On the Brazilia.n Frontier is a veritable gold mine in these irCpublics. American capital is making FROM the town of Patroeinio, bigger success of raising bananas and whieh is called "the frontier staswelling dividends, than in building tion of the Western Brazil Mission" np men and women in character. of the Southern Presbyterian Church, Everybody is in love with the Amer- Mrs. Alva Hardie writes: "There has ican dollar, and it circulates freely been strong opposition from the first side by side with the currency of the on the part of the priest and good various republics. On the other hand, Catholics. "'INe are denied the press, the Church in Central America has but every week the little paper, City never faced such opportunities for of Patrocinio, is filled with articles advancement a13 she faces there today. against Luther, Calvin, the Reforma- Evangelical missions are everywhere tion, non-Catholic schools, Protestants undermanned and underfinanced. in general. In every way they seek There is little diffi,culty in establishing to turn the people away, not in the private schools. Pupils abound-all least minding the use of gross unthat is needed is money and teachers. truths put in strong language. Never The Central American people are ap- has the town been so religious! Durpreciative of genuine help and friend- ing May, the month set aside for the ship, and, in a larger measure than exclusive worship of Mary, a proceswe give them credit, are capable of sion took place solely and expressly absorbing our best. More Bibles are as an insult to the Protestants here. being circulated this year in Central I did not believe this when I heard America than ever befro-e." it, for I could not conceive of a reli- gious ceremony being used to insult Missionary Farm in Peru anyone! But the weekly paper pub- lished the fact; triumphantly an- F ORTY miles from Cuzco, Peru, is nouncing this brilliant achievement! the Urco Farm conducted by Mr. There are now twenty preaching and Mrs. T. E. Payne, of the Evan- points in our field which is as large <IS gelical Union of South America. Mrs. the state of South Carolina. Only two Payne writes: "Let me tell you how of these points can be reached by the agricultural part of the work helps train." the spread of the Gospel. From time 5

EUROPE markets and fairs; also during the summer months two gospel tents visit Plight ot European Protestants the different parts of the country, reaching many communities where the REV. GEORGE STEWART, D.D., Gospel has never been heard. Some associate minister of the Madison of the most fruitful stations are the Ave. Presbyterian Church, New York, permanent outcome of these summer pictures in an article in Current His- tent visitations. During the past year tory the plight of the Protestant in Belgium 373,117 copies of Scripchurches in Europe. They have suf- tures and gospel literature have been fered a "series of unprecedented distributed. calamities." Three great communions, the Evangelical Lutherans of Active ProtestantisJD in Italy Germany, the Roman Catholics in the Dual Monarchy, and the Greek Ortho- REV. PIETRO S. MONCADA, an dox Church in Russia, have been evangelical pastor, reminds those pushed off the raft of state subsidy who are disposed to think of Italy as and told to swim for themselves in a entirely a Roman Catholic country, stormy sea. The inflation of currency that "from the Alps to the last point has wiped out all endowments, not of Sicily and Sardinia, in every city only for local churches, but for mis- and in the small villages there are sionary enterprises, colleges, theo- churches and missions, elementary logical seminaries, hospitals, and and secondary schools, hospitals and orphanages. Dr. Stewart says that charitable institutions, besides penthe endowment of the church institu- sions and Y. W. C. A. 's, under the tions of Germany could not be ex- direct control of the Protestant dechanged for a street-ear fare. Prot- nominations." He emphasizes the estant teachers and ministers in activities of the historic W aldensian France are remaining at their posts Church along many lines, and continin a starving condition. Numbers of ues: "Denominations are to be found them receive less than flve dollars a also in Italy; American and Anglican month in American money. Three Methodists, Baptists, Episcopalians, thousand ministers, teachers, and doc- Salvation Army, Pentecostals, Sevtors have been recalled from overseas enth Day Adventist!!. Rome, the missionary service. 'Eternal City,' is becoming more and more the center of Italian Protestant- Belgian Gospel Mission ism. There are there about twenty churches, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., the DESPITE opposition and many offices of the British and Foreign difficulties, this Mission, under Bible Society, printing offices for pubthe direction of Mr. and Mrs. Ralph lication of Protestant literature, the C. Norton, has grown until today in International Methodist College on all of the nine provinces save two high Monte Mario, just overlooking there is established work; some eight- St. Peter's and the Vatican gardens, een posts in all, where regular preach- the imposing Waldensian Cathedral ing services are held; there are over on Piazza Cavour-the gift of Mrs. fifty workers, representing seven dif- John S. Kennedy, of New York City; ferent nationalities; two Bible schools the theological school, which trains in the two different languages spoken not only the Waldensian ministers, in Belgium have been founded, and but also the Methodist and Baptist." the latter, the Flemish, for its second term of enrolment, had seventy api- AFRICA plications and enquiries from the adjacent country of Holland alone; Christia.n and MosleJD Heroes an extensive campaign of colportage work goes on the year round, the sum- THE following story of how Chrismer months being exceptionally fruit- tians penetrated into Nigeria is ful, as open-air meetings are held in quoted in the IS'lamie World, a paper

1926J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

published under Mohammedan aus- asked a chief's SOl] the other day why pices: he had come to school. 'To learn how to be a good man and how to be a Nineteen years ago a young Irish doctor good ruler when I have a village of who went to Southern Nigeria to take up my own,' was his instant reply. A government service, while travelling in the number of the present chiefs belong to Owerri district, was set upon by the natives, a new generation, and are, without stripped of his clothing and made to march, exception, old boys trained in our naked as he was, in tbe hot tropical sun to school. These show their influence a large market·place some miles away. Here everywhere in every way." he was put to death. Early in the present year Bishop Lasbrey visited the stations of "I Want to Know This God" the Church Missionary Society in this neigh. borhood and found eloquent proof of the REV. T. E. BUCK, of the London change which a few short years of gospel Missionary Society, writes of influence had brought about. The Bishop spending a night last year in a village visited a place which is less than a mile in Madagascar, where all the people from the market where the doctor met his were heathen. "I called the viHagers tragic fate. No threatening mob of infuri- together," he says, "and gave them a ated enemies escorted the white man on this simple talk about God and Jesus occasion, but a band of earnest Christians, Christ. I could see that they were rejoicing that they were workers together impressed. One of the headmen came with. him for the Kingdom of God. There to me and said: •You have told new are now mOre than 13,000 adhereuts of the and wonderful things about the true Church in this district. God today. Will you tell me more' I feel I want to know this God.' Soon The editor goes on to comment: after daybreak eleven men were await- "This shows the wonderful tenacity ing me, and they told me that they of purpose and the extraordinary per- had made up their minds to go forseverance which the Christians have. ward in the new faith. We made an If the Muslims cherish the great hope application to the Government. The of spreading the light of Islam in the reply was recei Ted last February. world far and wide, they should also When I visited this little church in exhibit sueh qualities. As a matter of June I was astonished. The little fact the Muslims of the good old times place where the services are held was were the embodiments of these heroic packed to the doors. 'fhe men of the virtues, and the Christians have only village finished the teacher's house in borrowed these from them. The pity, two days. About twenty people are however, is that now the Muslims are learning in the catechumens' class. almost devoid of these virtues." Now thirty of them have made an ap- plication to the Government asking Fruits of a Boys' School for permission to build a schooL"

ENGI,ISH Baptist missionaries in A West African Opportunity Africa are now rejoicing in the achit'vements of the graduates of their FOUR hundred and sixty-two miles schools, and are recalling the early from IJagos is the little town of days, when it was difficult to per- Minna in which the Sudan Interior suade the people that the object of the Mission has been working for several missionaries in caring for the boys in years. Here a spacious mission buildschool was not to sell them later as ing has been erected as this is a censlaves. F. ,V. Savidge writes from tral station and many missionaries South Lushai: "Among our 'old pass through Minna to and from their boys' now are sub-assistant surgeons, work. Here, too, the Niger Press does compounders, preachers, teachers, its great work of sending out the evangelists, overseers of the Public Scriptures in many different lan- Works Department, road-surveyors, guages. In Minna there aresevel'al carpenters, tailors, blacksmiths, cobblers, book-binders, soldiers, government clerks, language-interpreters and many others, and almost all of these without exception are Christians. I

canteens and a number of Europeans THE NEAR EAST live here. Owing to its being a railway junction a number of trains pass A. B. C. F. M. in Turkey up and down the line each day, and to anyone who has been living in the WITH the reopening of its stations ,,Bush, " Minna is a wonderful place in Turkey, closed because of the of civilization! 'rhe inhabitants are 'Vodd War and the destruction of the mostly Hausa speaking. There is a Armenian population, the American large market which affords good op- Board is entering upon a new phase portunities for preaching to mission- of its work. 'rhe annual report of the aries who can speak this language. Board says of it: "Not institutions The people are always glad to welcome but personal relationships are the the white teacher to their own com- means; not classroom inst,ruction but pounds, and they listen attentively to personal friendliness is the method; his message. But besides the Hansas llot converts to Christianity but those there are representatives of at least who will follow .Jesus' way of life other twelve tribes. 'rhese facts are are the fruitage of missionary toil. stated by the Evangelical Christian It is not wise to try to tabulate results, as the basis of an appeal for a man but those who are in closest touch "rith to offer himself as pastor of the the present methods of the missiollchurch. ary in Turkey are enthusiastic over the prospects. The International Col- After Ninety Years in Natal lege at Smyrna is filled to capacity, and the Christians among its students THE first missionaries sent by the and teachers, with the approval of the American Board to Africa estab- authorities, meet for daily prayers lished themselves in Natal and began and Sunday service. Closed for some a work for the Zulu people which has months by the Gove,rnment, St. Paul's continued uninterrupted for ninety College, Tarsus, reopened. Five other years. The results of this missionary missionary schools are crowded with effort have been unusually great. A Turkish pupils to a number never exstrong and virile A'frican tribe has, ceeded before. Each pupil is the open largely through the influence of the door to a Moslem home, and friendmissionaries, been brought to a place liness is daily mo;re general and more of Christian leadership in South Af- genuine. " rica. The native Church has its own council and largely administers its Turks Suspect Y. M. C. A. own affairs; and if it had not been for the multiplication or problems THE new "Turkish – American due to a rapidly advancing civiliza- Clubs," which Asa K. Jennings, a tion this native Church might already former Y. M. C. A. secretary, had set have been entirely independent. Aside out to organize were described in the from the salaries and expenses of the August REVIEW. It was then stated missionaries the appropriations of the that Mr. Jennings had the confidence Board amount to less than $10,000 a of the Turkish leaders, but the latest year, while the amounts coming from report indicates that some Turks at local sources, including corporations least are growing anxious OVer the and the Government, amount to over purpose of these clubs. A Constanti- $145,000 annually. Not a small pro- nople newspaper recently stated: portion of this local support is given to the social· work in Johannesburg. Since religion and politics have been It is almost impossible to overestimate separated ill Turkey, these fanatical Protthe unique opportunity presented by estants, working like people trying to save the thousands of heathen native Af- valuables from fire, have become inimical to ricans gathered in the compounds of our existence.• The Turkish Republic does the gold mines on the Rand. not deny freedom ill religious convictions, but, for all that, it does not intend to make room for religious propaganda. But we know that the Y. M. C. A., under whatever veil it may appear, is a sort of dervishism which first makes friends and then wins fol-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

lowers. Every American school is a shrine Pahlevi, Premier and former Miniswhere Ghrist's songs are snng. The ability of the members of the organization is so ter, but earlier still a private soldier great that the young minds fall a prey to in the Cossack army, seems to be a them as the fly is caught in the web. man of very different type. He is of very humble origin, both in ancestry Cooperation in Palestine and education. His father was a I."~MEN and women of the Jewish farmer, which means that Reza Khan faith from every corner of could not obtain in his chlldhood even Europe and America have joined to- an elementary education. Before the gether to establish what they frankly World War Persia had come under label a 'cooperative commonwealth' the joint control of Great Britain and similar to that set up by the leaders Russia, bnt the latter's hold slipped because of its own upheaval. Reza of the chosen people millenniums ago," Khan saw his opportunity, and his says the All-American Cooperative rise to power was rapid. He has been Commission in describing the efforts virtual dictator since February, 1921, of Zionists in rebuilding Palestine: 'rhe main economic instrument in the using many methods which have led Palestine of the Zionists is to be the some to call him "the Mussolini of cooperative guild, which has already Persia." The first act of "King" attained significant results. In Sa- Pahlevi, the name assumed by Reza maria, Judea and Galilee there are Khan after the Shah was deposed, more than 50 workers' land settle- was to order the liberation of all po- litical prisoners, grant amnesty to the ments with 2,500 tillers working to- former Shah, members of the late gether cooperatively. Eight unions of dynastic family, and members of the 5,000 building trades workers are royal household, who will be penbanded together in a National Building Guild which owns its own quarries sioned. The new ruler also ordered and contracts on work, with a busi- that the price of bread be reduced ness already amounting to $4,000,000. through government subsidy.

The General Federation or Jewish Jjabor has also constituted a Workers' INDIA, SIAM AND MALAYSIA Fund to build up producers' coopera- Gandhi on Race Hatred T tives. Twenty shops have been set HE address delivered by Gandhi at the meeting of the Calcutta up, giving work to 400 operatives. Consumers' cooperation is carried on Christian Missionary Conference in by a suhsidiary of the Federation, and July is quoted on page 34 of this' now handles an annual turnovp-r of issue. An Indian writer in the $600,000. Three town clinics and 34 Christian Patriot has recently profarmers' clinics are established on a tested vigorously against what he cooperative basis, maintaining a well- calls "the unique spectacle of Chrisappointed sanitarium. On the edu- tians letting themselves be preached cational side everything from kinder- to by a staunch, out-and-out Hindu gartens to lectures is conducted like Gandhi." During his stay in cooperatively. Eighty-five branch Calcutta numerous speeches on both libraries with 30,000 volumes supply political and social questions were reading matter for the farm and labor made by Gandhi, and the paper pubcooperators. lished by the Oxford Mission to Cal- A Mnssolini for Persia cutta quotes one on race hatred as follows: "The world is weary of it; THE deposition of the young Shah we see that the song of hatred has not of Persia by an overwhelming vote benefited humanity. Let it be the of the National Assembly has been privilege of India to turn a new leaf reported in the newspapers and stories and set a lesson to the world. Is it have been told of his extravagant and necessary th.at 300,000,000 of people dissipated life in Paris. Reza Khan in India should hate 100,000 English-

men Y In my humble opinion it is de- Vidha Vivah Sahayalc Sabha, an 01'- rogatory to the dignity of mankind, ganization richly endowed by Sir it is derogatory to the dignity of India Ganga Ram for promoting the marto entertain for one single moment riage of high-caste Hindu widows. hatred towards Englishmen." Mr. This excellent society is achieving Gandhi himself, says the editor, "sets notable success in the work that it is a golden example in this respect. He undertaking. In 1922, 452 widow thinks he Ms just reason for hating marriages were solemnized under its the English rule in this country, but auspices. In 1923 the number rose to he carefully distinguishes between do- 892 and in 1924 to 1,603. During the ing so and hating the whole ruling first half of 1925 the number reported race, or even the actual rulers. On is 1,020. Brahmins and Kshatriyas the contrary he has among them many are most numerous in the cases rewarm friends." corded. During 1924, 160 inter-caste widow marriages were solemnized by The Scudder Family in India the Sabha's representatives. We re- joice in the relaxation of caste con- THE recent death of Mrs. John sciousness, and of the proof which it Scudder of the Arcot Mission in affords of the freedom of the Society's South India of the Reformed Church paid representatives from rigid caste in America, after sixty-four years of prejudice, but we hope that the main missionary service, has reminded work of the Society will not be jeopmany of the remarkable record of the ardized with overzealous propaganda Scudder family, the fourth generation for inter-caste marriages. The lot of of which is now connected with the thel child widow is one of the most Arcot Mission. The first John Scud- appalling in the world and an organider, M.D., reached India in 1819 and zation that has proven its ability to served in Calcutta, .Jaffna, Madura promote the rescue of these innocent and ~radras. All his seven sons victims of an ancient abomination served in the Arcot Mission. In the should be very careful not to fritter past one hundred years, twenty-five away its strength on anything less of his children and grandchildren vital to human welfare." have been missionaries in various foreign lands. When the Dr. John Scud- OOlllDlnnity House in Bombay der whose widow has just died went from Boston to India in an ice ship in THE Marathi Mission, in facing the 1861, the trip took four months. He new industrialism which is develdied twenty-five years ago, and she is oping factory life in India and caussurvived by their five sons and one ing a rapidly increasing inflow from daughter-the three eldest being in country districts to the cities, is ad- America and the three youngest in dressing itself to the changing condithe Arcot MissiQn; namely, Rev. Hen- tions, by seeking to promote the social ry J. Scudder of Punganur, Rev. applications of Christianity, and par- 'Walter T. Scudder of Tindivanam ticularly through organized commuand Dr. Ida S. Scndder, Principal of nity service. By gifts from America, the Women's Medical College in Vel- amounting to something over $50,000, lore. Two of her grandchildren and to be matched, it is hoped, by a similar a great-nephew are also at work in amount which has been promised from India. funds held by some broad-minded Indian philanthropists, first steps Hindu Widows Remarrying have been taken towards erecting a community house on the mission com- SOCIAL service work in which pound in ByculIa, Bombay, where it Christians are unable to take an is planned to provide a center for the active part but which, according to life and activity particularly of young The Indian Witness, "deserves their men coming into the city from uphearty good will, is being done by the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

country Christian centers; also not the first case, the Jteathen parents of less to open to them Christian lines of a village boy reported that when dy- work for their people in Bombay, that ing he was singing to himself a little may tend to safeguard them from the hymn that the Christian teacher had temptations and demoralizing associa- taught him. Of the other she says: tions of the big city. The enterprise "One day the way home from a dis- is to be largely under the direction tant village lay through some rice of Rev. Alden H. Clark, formerly of and ragi fields. Women coolies were Ahmednagar, who received the degree planting out young ragi from the of D.D. from Amherst, his Alma nursery beds, and were singing as Mater, last .Tune. they worked, as is the custom out here.

But the listeners' ears were arrested Ma.ss Move_eDt in TiDDevelly by hearing a familiar Telugu Chris- A CHRISTIAN mass movement of tian hymn instead of an unseemly outcastes is reported from Tin- song in praise of some god. There nevelly, the southernmost district' of Madras Presidency, where the Church were fifteen women at work, and one Missionary Society is at work. The seemed to be the leader. She sang a Diocese of rrinnevelly consists of 120,- line, and the others all repeated it after her in unison. Enquiries elicit- 000 Christian!), scattered over ninetY'- ed the information that this woman one pastorates-a term which is used had learned several hymns from a to describe not one congregation, but missionary on tour some fifteen or an area over which there is one pas- twenty years ago."

tor. He may have from four to ten communion centers and many villages Christian Shrin'e in Puri in his parish, and he works through AN experiment defined as "an atcatechists. There are about 100 Tamil tempt to present the Gospel on aud only six European clergy in tlhe more indigenous lines" has been cardiocese, which is largely self-govern- ried on for a few months in the city ing. It is also almost self-supporting. of Puri, Bengal, where the famous For every shilling that the home so- temple of Jagganath is located. A cieties give, the Church in Tinnevelly writer in the Indian Standard thus gives at least three. The diocese sup- describes it: ' ,We have a room in ports its own pastors, about 100 in the bazaar-a room daily passed by number, and has built eighty-nine the pious and impious alike on their way to Puri's sacred tank of Norenchurches of stone or brick in the last ten years. T:he Tamil is a very gen- dra. Here we consecrated our shrine. erous giver. He loves his Church. He The only furniture isa picture of the may be abroad, for he is a great ad- Crucifixion with it low altar in front venturer, but he always sends home of it, and on the far side a low readhis church contributions, and he is an ing-stool and such copies of the shasinsatiable church-builder. Some of the tras as best befit the devotional mood. Tinnevelly churches are as large and Neither shoes nor chairs are allowed as beautiful as the great parish churches of England. Bishop Tubbs inside, and the floor is covered with ;ays that one day they will build a mats. Here, then, is our place of cathedral, and it will doubtless be one of the architectural features of South devotion. Every evening our guru, India. Rl}v. B. C. Sircar, M.A., of the Na- tional Council of the Y. M. C. A.., who has s() long advocated this line of ChristiaD Hymns Reme_bered approach, performs the puja (wor- ship). Gongs are set ringing, the in- TWO instances of the unexpected cense symbolic of unuttered prayer influence of Christian hymns are rises in a cloud, songs are sung, pray- In described by Mrs. Horton, of the Cey- ers are offered. 'l'be puja over, the lon and India General Mission. lights flicker, the incense dies away,

and there in the quiet of meditation, spirit, and it would remove many hinsometimes an hour, sometimes long in- drances to evangelistic efforts in the to the night, we sit one or two or fnture, and no one would ever again three, and remember Christ." dare to say that you are the spies of your governments or the advance Illiteracy in Java guards of imperialism. Such action on your part would completely re- I LLITERACY 8till prevails among move the opposition of the anti-Chris- ninety-:!ive per cent of the 35,000,- tian movement." 000 people of .Java, and less than 900,000 pupils are provided with in- A Bible Verse Each Sunday struction, the amount spent for education annually being less than THE effort.s during the past ten £80,000 sterling. At the meeting in months of an evangelistic group of August last, where missionaries of all thirteen Chinese Christians, trained Java were in council, it was estimated in the Bible Institute at Changsha, that the total of literates for Java Hunan Province, have led to the was as follows: One million who read founding of ten churches. Rev. Frank Malay, one. and one-half million who Keller writes: •• The Christians in read Javanese, 400,000 Sundanese this district know something of what readers, an.d 200,000 Madurese read- it means to sacrifice and to suffer for ers. Dutch is becoming more known their religion. It is not an uncommon among all educated Javanese. Today thing for old women to walk five, ten sixteen societies work on the Island of or in some cases even fifteen miles in Java and have 456 missionaries in the order to attend the services on Sun- Dutch East Indies. 'Fhe methods fol- day. VVhen they reach the church lowed are practically the same as in they do not expect to be entertained other mission fields, with the excep- with a flowery sermon or to hear a tion of the establishment of Christian professional choir, but they come to villages by the development of land study their Bibles. For most of them and virgin forest under grant of the the study is of a simple but intensely Dutch Government. By this method profitable nature, cong,isting of memothe Dutch missionaries were able to rizing a golden verse each Lord's day. protect their converts and give them In this way many who have formerly educational advantages in a center of not known a single character have social and spiritual life. learned to read their New Testaments with a fair degree of readiness, and CHINA it is the regular thing for the Chris- tians to be able to repeat all the verses Dell1and :frODl Che:foo Christians they have learned, which, of course, after several years of study, number AN open letter to the American several hundred." Presbyterian missionaries in Shantung Province, w h i c h was A Living Testill10ny signed by five hundred Chinese Christians, called upon them to "make a Fu GIN D.JANG is the leading righteous manifestation" on the sub- evangelist and preacher of the Kiaject of the Shanghai incident, and ting district of the West China Bapstated: "There is now a splendid op- tist Mission, though hi'> home is in a portunity to enable you to express city in the Yachow District. Rev. your love for the Chinese and to dem- Archibald G. Adams writes of him onstrate that you are strictly opposed in Missions: "He is a living testito political aggression and to such mony to the power of the Gospel, ruthless and inhumane procedure. To having been saved from an opium adact in this way would not only be the dict's grave about ten years ago. He means of spreading the Gospel widely, was well educated under the old but everyone wcmld be compelled to Chinese system and has been urged respect your character and Christian

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

several times by his feUow citizens to Moslems were permitted to live within be the mayor of their city. He has the city walls. Some years ago land preaohed the Gospel for about eight for a Moslem hospital was acquired in years, part of the time in Yachow and coilllection with the Borden Memorial in Chengtu, the capital of West China. Hospital, and some special gifts were He has a happy disposition, and is en- received last year, enabling us to put thusiastic and sincere in his work. He up some wards, a chapel, a dispensary, has experienced the power of the Gos- and a house for the staff. We still pel to save, and daily finds inspiration lack about a thousand dollars to com- and help in God 's Word. He has plete the scheme"

attracted a lot of friends to the church and maintains tlhe largest regular Prayer for Language Teaehers U Bible study class we have known in p to a few months ago out of fifty teachers in the language school the local church. He is outspoken against evil, and has suffered no little at Nanking, China, only two or three persecution for righteousness' sake. were Christians-and even those two Moreover he has an unusual conscien- or three had not joined the church. tiousness in money matters. Though The class of missionary pupils was entitled to the middleman's fees in distressed. It seemed to the newthe recent purchase of our church comers that here at hand was their property he· contributed aU to the first work, but their inability to talk church, setting a splendid and un- with their instructors because of the heard-of precedent for the future. handicap of language seemed almost Withal he has an attractive spirit of unsurmountable. They decided, 'howgenuine humility and the influence of ever, to pray for the conversion of his Christian character and leadership their Chinese teachers. One of the is deepening and widening in the best older missionaries held a service with sense. " the teachers every Monday morning, and while he was holding this service, Hospital for Chinese Moslems the new missionaries and the other DR. GEORGE E. KING, of the " old" missionaries in their chapel Borden Memorial Hospital at service at the same time concentrated Lanchowfu, Kansu Province, China, thought and prayer on the teachers. writes that, as the provincial capital The result was that twenty-five of and "the mart and exchange for the them have signed decision cards and millions of Kansu," Lanchow was the asked for Christian baptism.-The right place for the Borc.en Hospital. Continent.

"On the other hand," he continues, "Lanchow is mainly a Chinese city, Mongolian LalIlB B Seeker T the country around it is Chinese, and WO workers of the China Inland Mission visited a Tibetan lamasery, the real Moslem center of influence is Hochow, sixty miles to the southwest. and one of them writes: "Two months Hochow is often called the 'Mecca' later a young lama walked into the of Chinese Moslems, but it lacks the Kanchow compound with the request veneration of a sacred city. It is that he might have some of our books rather a Damascus, full of influential in the Tibetan language. He told us Moslems; or a Constantinople, a seat that a Mongolian Prince had met him of Moslem government; or perhaps a and told him to come here, ask for Cairo, the educational center of Chi- some books and see Dr. Kao, who nese Mohammedanism. In Hochow, would tell him some wonderful things.

work for Chinese and Tibetans is car- From Mongolia he had passed over to ried on by the Rev. C. F. Snyder, of Kanglung Lamasery. There he found the Christian and Missionary Alli- the people reading Tibetan gospels.

ance. The Moslem center is in the Being a scholar of some renown, he south suburb, because till recently no had been appealed to for an explana-

tion of the conteIts. 'The more I printed word, which has gone on beread the more I knew t.hese to be true forelhand, will to some extent have words,' he said. 'l'hen he earnestly prepared the minds of the people to added: 'Is your religion for such receive the Cospel." people as I ~ , For several days he spent many hours on the mission com- JAPAN-KOREA pound, reading, listening and asking questions. This young lama from Democratic Tendency in Japan Mongolia is one for whose conversion we pray. His scholarship and knowl- OF the five "Elder Statesmen" of edge of lllany 'l'ibetan dialects, Mon- Japan, only Prince Saionji is golian and Chinese, his alert intelli- still living, and he is eighty-four. For gence and inquiring mind, maxk him a little while after the death of the as a man who might well be an evan- next to the last of them, Marquis gelist to his own people." Okuma, two years ago, the Privy Council was the real authority in Tibetan Gospel Inn Japan. The Council was composed of great men in public life and members F HOM Siningfu, Kansu Province, of the House of Peers. But a month Mr. Learner of the China Inland or two ago, when the presidency and Mission w.rites of this institution: vice-presidency of the Council were to "The place has been well filled al- be filled, instead of appointing polimost all along. Hundreds of Tibetans ticians and aristocrats, the Governhave thus come within the sound of ment selected two professors from the the Gospel, who otherwise would never University of Tokyo, men who were have heard it. This 'ever open door' not politicians in any sense, although is a great attraction, and our Tibetan one of them, Dr. Okano, had served visitors cannot understand why it is as Minister of Justice, and Baxon that we take so much trouble in see- Hozumi, the new president, is the ing to their comfort when they come ablest international lawyer in Japan, and visit us. Some are still horribly seycral times proposed as president afraid, and more than once I have of The Hague Tribunal. "The apseen our Tibetan evangelist standing pointments mean," says Christian at the door trying to persuade the Work, "that the Council will in time Tibetans to come and receive our free become what it always nominally has hospitality. Gradually opposition is becn-a place for recommendations to being lived down, fear is being the Throne after expert examination changed to friendship, and one by of proposed laws. They also mean one the barriers are being removed. that Japan is accepting for good and There is a great change coming over all the principle of party government the people, and they are being won which Mr. Hara, the first commoner by love. In the course of a yea,r thou- Prime Minister of Japan, put into sands of gospels and other religious force five years ago." books are being scattered among the people, and not a few are carried Moral Problems in Japan across the frontier, for Siningfu is only a day's journey from the ethno- DR. NORMAN, a Canadian missiongraphical border wall. Who knows ary in Nagano, writes of the inwhere these books go T It is certain creasing strength of the moral reform that many of them travel hundreds of and prohibition movements in Japan, miles, and one has heard of some even but goes on to say: "The licensing landing in the 'Forbidden City,' of prostitution is becoming more and Lhasa. The time is coming and per- more a live question in Japan. Last haps is not very far distant when fall petitions signed by over six thouthere will be a great awakening among sand adults were presented to the govthese daxk heathen people. The ernor of this province asking for the abolition of the system. The Governor replied that he did not think public

NEWS FROM MA~ry LANDS

opinion was sufficiently advanced yet fare Association, to which both Japa- for such a step. A month ago there nese and foreigners belong. About was a convention of brewers and dis- seven hundred prospective suicides tillers in our city. They distributed have come to the home provided for literature telling of the good things them where they may stay until they connected with drink, they held pub- are ready to face life again. She had lic meetings here and in a neighboring also taken in fallen girls and led them city, and some of them got drunk, back to the right way. Many of those evidently thinking that, as example is better than precept, they should whom she has helped have become earnest Christians, and the number of give examples of what drinking will these is daily increasing.

do. One thing that struck me was that the brothel keepers and the What a Japanese Bishop A.k.

brewers used the same arguments. ONE of the speakers at the recent Both admitted that their business was General Convention of the Protbad, but they said this evil has always estant Episcopal Church was Rt. Rev. existed and the best way to deal with J. S. Motoda, D.D., Ph.D., Bishop of it is by license and government con- Tokyo. On the subject of the relatrol. " tions between the two countries he A "New God" in Japan said: "We as a nation trust the Christianeommunity of the United J E. COURSAR, JR., writes in the States, rely upon you, we depend • Presbyterian Survey that the upon you, for the solution of this citizens of his town in Japan have re- most difficult problem. We all know cently "manufactured a new god." that you can do it and we all know He tells of a half-witted man who that you are the only set of people "seemed to have no f,riends or kins- who can do it. We have said what people, and lived a vagabond sort of we have to say, we have said it all, existence, picking up scraps of food now we keep ourselves quiet, we will wherever he could find them, sleeping not say anything, simply depend upon wherever night happened to overtake you in the solving of the problem."

him, and dressing himself in the rags Later in his address he made this that kindly disposed people gave him. striking statement: He had, however, one trait which We all know that our Lord, Jesus Christ, made him popular with everyone. He is an Eastern man, not Western man. He was kind to children. Soon after his belongs to us, but you got Him. Now we death a movement was started to raise funds with which to erect an image ask you to return Him to us. In returning and a shrine for him. Already num- Him I sincerely hope you will come yourbers of people are worshiping him and praying to him." selves with Him; in that way not only Japan, all Asia might be Christianized so that, hand in hand with the Western breth· ren, we can attain the peace of the Whole world and the happiness of the whole man- kind.

Would-be Suicides Rescued ~~WAlT a moment! God is love. Korean Budget for Mission.

If you must die, come and see THE General Assembly of the Presme first." Thus reads a sign, set in byterian Church of Korea (made a prominent place in a beautiful spot up of all the Presbyterian bodies at near Kobe, .Japan, which has long been work in that country) adopted at its a favorite place for people to commit last meeting a budget of nearly $9,000 suicide. This sign is one of five, kept for its foreign missionary work. This illuminated at night, which were is always an item of outstanding inplaced at different points near Kobe terest to the Assembly. Last year it in 19]9 by a Japanese Christian, Mrs. was decided to separate the bona fide Nobuko Jo. Her work has been sup- foreign mission work, which is being ported by the Kobe Women's Wel- done for Chinese in Shantung, China,

from that done for expatriated graphic Society says: "The Bible Koreans in Siberia, Japan, Peking, was translated into a made-to-order Nanking, Shanghai, etc., and a home written :Maori language in 1820, and mission board was created to take by the middle of the century the over that work. Three Korean pastors former savages were pretty generally are working in Shantung, China, sup- Christianized, at least superficiallf' ported entirely by the Korean Church. Then came the wars with the whites They have under their charge nearly in the 60 'so Bitterness was en- 1,000 Chinese Christians, of whom gendered, and many fell away from over 600 are baptized. There are the white man's religion. The losses twelve churehes, eleven boys' schools at that time have never been comand two girls' schools, with nearly pletely made up, it is said. Al- 400 pupils. A self-supporting Korean though numerous individual Maoris doctor, graduate of Severance Med- have made good in trade and in the ical College, works with them. For professions, the Maoris as a whole still the new home board a budget of about constitute a problem in New Zealand. $3,000 was adopted. They are keenly intelligent and easily follow the ordinary school courses; ISLANDS OF THE SEA but their learning is not always help- ful to them. A great many youths A Jubilee in the South Seas and girls, after an excellent schooling, revert to primitive life in the vil- AUSTRALIA..t'l" Methodists have lages. " been celebrating the fiftieth anr niversary of the beginning of their Indian Teacher in Fiji missionary work in the islands of the western Pacific. The 39,000 Chris- THE problem created in the Fiji tians who are the fruit of that work Islands by the presence of about have joined in the jUbilee. The native 60,000 Indians – nearly half of the Church of New Britain, in an address population-was referred to in the of welcome to the Australian repre- September REVIEW, and it was then sentatives, said: stated that Hakim Din, a Christian teacher, had gone from the Punjab to We are a happy people today, happy be- take charge of a school conducted by eause for us now shines the L'ght of Christ Australian Methodists, in Lautoka. A . . . happy too because of the treasured missionary of the United Presbyterian memory of Talatala Doctor Brown, our first Church writes of this man: great earthly comforter, who came to us fifty years ago, came from out the far lands It means much for an Indian to go aud to teach us to know the Word of the Father live so far from home, but Mr. Hakim Din . . . There are some few of us here today is a man of big timber, and is not hesitating. who remember Dr. Brown; there is none He has risen up from the humble community who does not know his name; a name that for whose interests he has since given him· has been so often hear d, spoken in soft self, and he has not stopped with any halftones of love and sadness, by our fathers as way attainment. His collegiate work was they sat around the village fires of a night. taken in our college in Rawalpindi aud in We, too, we younger ones shall pass on that the Presbyterian college in Lahore, then his name until it shall shine as a giant star in postgraduate degree of bachelor of teaching our earthly history. in the Government Training College. After that he was enlisted for some years in the Maoris· of New Zealand Y. M. C. A. for war work overseas, and be- fore he came back to India he went to Lon· T HESE people have made extraor- don and took further teacher training in dinary progress in recent years. one of the best institutions there. A century ago they were almost savages, and on certain ceremonial Sialkot city always has been his. home. occasions actually indulged in canni- It was here that he grew up and attended balistic feasts. Today there are among school, here that he rendered unusually faiththem numerous capable doctors, law- ful and efficient service in the Christian yers, merchants, farmers, ranchmen 'l'raining Institute, here as an administrator. and holders of university degrees. A as a teacher, as a counsellor, and as a friend, bulletin issued by the National Geo- that he filled an extraordinarily large place, uot only with teachers and students, but in the community at large.

MISSJ[ONARY

Bolivar, Liberator of Venezuela, Colombia, limitations and, in some respects, to Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Henry Rowan the lack of critical and unbiased judg- Lemly. 452 pages. 1 map. 22 illustra- ments of these national writers. This tions. $4.00. Bo,;ton. 1923. picture of the Liberator will help to fill a vacancy in historical and bio- "South of the Rio Grande, every graphical literature of the period; but man, woman and child knows who was the ideal and enduring biography of Washington. Surely we should not Bolivar is yet to be written. be ignorant of one whom Henry Clay ealled . The Washington of South w. R. W. America.' "

Thus Major H. R. Lemly, some time Modern Miilsions on the Spanish Main. By director of the National Military School at Bogota, a former colonel in w. Reginald Wheeler and Webster E. the Colombian Army and a retired Browning. Iilustrations, map, xii, 334 officer of the L'nited States Army, pp. Philadelphia: Westminster Press. writes in the preface of his biography $2.75. 1925. of Simon Bolivar. There have been many lives of Bolivar in Spanish but Early in 1923 a secretary ,and a this is the first book in English which prominent South American missionattempts to record in detail the career ary of the Presbyterian Board went to of one who has been called "the investigate its Ulissions in Colombia greatest personality of the heroic age and Venezuela. This popular report of South America." of that visit is somewhat technical and yet contains enough geographical, his- Major Lemly tells of the rise of torical, sociological and religious ma- Bolivar to the command of the revo- terial to enable the reader to picture lutionary armies in Yenezuela and to the envhl-onment and understand the the practical dictatorship over the problems connected with the work. Caribbean colonies of 'Spain. He points out some of the difficulties The account shows clearly the large which the South American patriots relative place. of the Presbyterian had to combat in their war of inde- work in these two republics and rependence, difficulties which, in many veals the educational and evangelistic ways, were even greater than those results that have come despite the lamentably imperfect equipment and which the American colonies faced in inadequate force of workers. their war with England. "The territory wbich became free as the result Chapter 17 will surprise those who of the war between Spain and her have thought of Colombia as a leadcolonies was about seven times as large ing Latin American Republic in its as the territory conceded to the United educational program for Mr. Wheel- States by the treaty of 1783." er's statistics show that the results are disappointing, with only ·358,9.28 Major Lemly has given in detail a pupils and students enrolled in its description of the various campaigns schools and higher institutions. The in which Bolivar took part and many percentage of Colombians who are of the addresses of Bolivar are given illiterate and illegitimate is very in translation. If any criticism is to high. In Venezuela, also, the official census places its illiteracy at eighty be made of the book, it would be that per cent, while other publications it follows too closely the South Amer- make it still higher. In the two reican sources and is subject to the publics these figures and other facts 77

fully justify the Presbyterian em- came into close contact with Moslems . phasis of educational work. One re- in Palestine and Arabia while engaged grets that, in addition to the detailed in medical work. He loves them and estimate of equipment needed for a seeks to lead others to understand five-year program, there is not also a them and to seek their conversion to strong appeal and an equally detailed Christ.

estimate of the missionary force re- An Outline of the Religion of Islam. H. W. Weitbrecht Stanton. Pamphlet. 49 quired. H. P. B. pp. ld. London. 1925.

Sidelights on the Crisis in India. Letters .ueginners, who seek to understand by H. Harcourt. 12mo. 118 pp. $1.25. Islam, will find here a short and ex- New York and London. 1924.

In an Indian civilian's letters to an ceptionally clear and helpful study of Indian friend and the latter's replies the origin, sources, doctrines, observ- we see pictured the present crisis in ances and effects of this religion, to- India. The author is a retired civil gether with statements of modern service man of twenty-five years' ex- changes and results of the contact of perience who has a warm regard for the Gospel with Islam. It is an excel- India and Indians, and a clear knowl- lent introduction.

edge of conditions. It is worth while An African Church in Building. Rt. Rev. to read his views on British Law and J. J. Willis of Uganda. 8vo. 118 pp. Administration, Religion, Gandhi, 28 Ga. London. 1925. Women, Education, etc. The jubilee of the Uganda Mission The Sunday School and the Healing of the of the C. M. S. makes this volume of Nations. Edited by John T. Faris. 12mo. especial interest at this fiftieth anni- 270 pp. New York. 1925. versary of Henry M. Stanley's letter to the Daily Telegraph, the event that The W orId's Sunday School Con- led to the rounding of the mission. vention at Glasgow in 1924 brought Bishop Willis, in well-chosen lantogether from fifty-four countries, guage, tells of the spiritual church 2,693 delegates, including a notable that has grown up there and of its body of Christian teachers whose ad- marvelous beauty and strength. Read dresses and discussions are here re- the story to see how God has wrought. ported. The world-wide infiuence of the Sunday-school, the progress made and the program for the future is here Bits of China. Christine I. Tinling. 12mo. recorded. Many stimulating ad- 220 pp. $1.50. New York. 1925.

dresses were given on prohibition, A traveler often notes. many things stewardship, the Sabbath, teacher that those of long residence in a countraining, lesson making and the su- try miss. Miss Tinling (whose name premacy of Christ. The book lacks an sounds Chinese but is not) traveled index. The statistics reported show for three years in China organizing a total enrollment of 32,677,611 temperance societies for the Woman's teachers and pupils in 347,001 Chris- Christian Temperance Union. She tian Sunday-schools of the world- saw much besides intemperance and two thirds of them in North America. women and, having a gifted pen, de- scribes many things that are inform- Islam and Its Need. W. Norman Leak. ing and entertaining-Shanghai with Pamphlet. 6d. London. 1925. its foreign and Chinese quarters; Here is an excellent statement as to Nanking, with the Ming tombs and the history, distribution, beliefs, prac. pulsing student life; a river trip up tices, ideals and characteristics of the Yangtze on a Chinese boat; Islam and its followers, with short Peking, the capital, with its schools, chapters on the contact of Islam with missions and politicians; Kiukiang, Christianity, methodij of approacih and with its teachers' institute; Canton, the effect of the war. The author . with its boat people, market, insane asylum and Christian college; Chung- the superhuman character of Chrisking, a great western walled city of tianity. Szechuan, and Chengtu, with its modern Christian university. Miss Stories of Great Hymns of the Church. Tinling vividly pictures the opium Silas H. Paine. 12mo. 795 pp. $3.00. evil, the oddities and discomforts of Montelair, N. J. 1925. travel, exciting experiences of fire and bandits and the encouraging re- A former officer of the Standard Oil sults of mission work. Company and an officer in Broadway Tabernacle, New York, rendered a Ben and Kit. M. E. Drewsen. 12mo. 104 useful service to many pastors and pp. Is 3d net. Glasgow. 1925. other workers by gathering stories concerning eight hundred and five American Christians are prone to great Christian hymns. forget the home mission problems of England. This little story of the Later Evangelistic Sermons. W. E. Bieder- London waifs gives a glimpse of the wolf. 12mo. 125 pp. 75 cents.· Chicago. darkness and of the Light that is shin- 1925. ing in "Darkest England." Eleven wrmons on faith, life, sin, Life Story of David Livingstone. J. J. Ellis. salvation, and God's love have been 12mo.. 64 p~. Is net. Glasgow. 1925. used to save and transform hundreds of men and women. They are biblical This biography of one of the and gripping. "Mighty Men" of missionary annals is brief, cheap and poorly printed but Die Herren der Erde. (The Lords of the it gives the main incidents of the Earth.) Ferdinand Brockes. 385 pp. hero's life and the lessons taught. C. Ed. MiilIer. Halle, Germany. 1923.

A Nature Mystic's Clue. Dwight Goddard. This, a "romance of future days," 8vo. 281 pp. $2.00. 1925. as it is called by the author, is an in- In the story of the son of a Canadian woodchopper and a school terpretation of Biblical passages bearteacher, the author gives his ideas of God, the soul, and of love as the" ulti- ing on the second coming of Christ. mate cosmic principle." Most missionary leaders of America, Dr. Fosdick's Book: A Review by I. M. Haldeman. 12mo. 116 pp. $1.00. Phila- Great Britain, and the Continent of delphia. 1925. Europe, will not accept the author's Clearly and candidly one famous Baptist preacher of New York dis- viewpoint that missions have ceased sects another famous Baptist preacher's lectures on "The ~fodern Use of for the Gentile ChristIan Church and the Bible, " pointing out their definite disagreements with the Bible and have become a part of the new task their logical rationalistic outcome. Dr. Fosdick asserts his loyalty to of the restored Israel after the great Christ as the Son of God, his belief in salvation through Him and his battle of the Christ and Anti-Christ, faith in immortality, while at the l>ame time he discredits the reliability and the casting out of Satan from this and authority of the Bible as a true record of Jesus' life, works and teach- world has been accomplished. The ings. Dr. Haldeman points out the inconsistency of these two positions whole romance is centered about the and the way that rationalism undermines faith in God's omnipotence and three cities of Moscow, Berlin and Constantinople, which latter city is regarded as the Babylon of Scripture prophecy. D. B.

The Gospel of John. A Handbook for Chris- tian Leaders. Benjamin W. Robinson. 275 pp. $2.25. New YorK. 1925.

The writer of this handbook holds that John the son of Zebedee, is not the author of this Gospel and that the" Disciple whom Jesus loved" was another John, a young disciple, not one of the twelve apostles. Dr. Robin- son believes that the author lived in Jerusalem, and though an eyewitness of the scenes described, was unfami- Divine Love; The Death of Christ; The Holy Spirit. The method is liar with Galilean topography. He topical, but the arrangement of ma- terial in each study is analytical. holds that this John later be- Thus Chapter IV traces through the references to Christ as the Life, up to came the preacher, at Ephesus and the climax at 20; 31.

that this Gospel was intimately con- The book is scholarly as well as practical. Care has been taken to nected with the life of his Ephesian give the most satisfactory readings of disputed passages. The author has converts, as for instance, the sixth definite opinions on exegetical ques- tions, but these are introduced only chapter which" consists of a talk that when they add interest and value to the study. Several of them are given John gave on communion day" (p. in footnotes, including some excellent discussions of New Testament Greek 140). He believes that the Gospel synonyms.

was published in completed form in Especial attention is directed to the chapter on the Holy Spirit, which 100 A.D., after the death of the forms a fitting climax. The book is readable and its great value lies in author; chapter 21 being an appen- its presentation of the standpoint of John himself in writing his Gospel. dix. o. R. S. Robinson stands squarely for the trustworthiness of the Gospel narra- tive though he does not assign the authorship to John the son of Zebedee -in spite of the weighty arguments advanced from the book itself by such scholars as Westcott and Sanday. He senses the spirituality of the book, and in some cases may be thought to over-emphasize it without denying the reality of its character. o. R. S.

The Leading Themes of the Gospel of John. The Hebrews Epistle in the Light of the W. E. Vine, M.A. 12mo. 141 pp. 28. Types. Sir Robert Anderson, K.C.B., net. Glasgow. 1924. LL.D. Hmo. 182 pp. Glasgow. 38, 6d.

The outstanding feature of this Bishop Westcott, in the 1892 edibook is the author's thorough appre- tion of his Commentary on the Epistle ciation of the purpose and construc- to the Hebrews, said; "The more I tion of the Gospel according to John. study the tendencies of the times in Without pausing to discuss critical some of the busiest centers of English problems, such as those of disarrange- life, the more deeply I feel that the ments in the contents of the Gospel, Spirit of God warns us of our most he points out that it has a "Divinely urgent civil and spiritual dangers arranged order" (p. 10); and a through the prophecies of Jeremiah reverent sense or its profundity is and the Epistle to the Hebrews." shown throughout. It is viewed as These words are quite as appropriate the revelation both of Christ's glories today. Sir Robert Anderson's timely and His grace, and each revelation is volume does not aim to be a comseen to be connected with a particular mentary on the Epistle, but rather to purpose of God for His children. The bring the light of the Old Testament question or authorship is not raised, types to bear upon it. He emphasizes the Gospel being allowed to testify to the importance of the Pentateuch, pointing out that the Christian revelaits own genuineness. tion is based on historic Judaism. The leading themes of the Gospel Of this Epistle he writes: "Its are concerned directly with Christ, purpose is not to tell how sinners may and with closely related subjects. be saved, but to unfold the infinite They include; The Prologue of the fulness there is in Christ for sinners Gospel; Christ as the Word; Christ who have obtained salvation." (p. as the Light; Christ as the Life; 126.) He sums up the thought of He- Christ, the Sent One; The Subject brews by saying that it "unfolds the of "Believing"; Witnesses to Christ;

that the divinely appointed Toto and' Sundri are like other inter-

esting boys and girls, but become shrine, with its divinely ordered Christians and finally enter Christian service. The last chapter is a list of ritual, and all its gorgeous furniture suggestions for teaching the six chap- ters in ~ix lessons. living and dead, were but the shadows NEW BOOKS of heavenly realities; and that, with Arnot of Africa (~issionary Lives for Chilthe coming of the Son of God, the dren). Nigel Grahame. 59 pp. 65 cents. George H. Doran Co. New York. 1925. morning of shadows was past, for the Moffat of Africa (Missionary Lives for light that cast them was now in the Children). Norman J. Davidson. 59 pp. 65 cents. George H. Doran Co. New zenith of an eternal noon." (pp. 38, York. 1925.

39.) Between Black and White. Henry Hugh Proetor. 189 pp. Congregation'al Pub- In discussing the problem of author- lishing Society or Pilgrim Press. Boston and Chicago. 1925. ship, two names are suggested-Luke Chrysanthemum. Mrs. Robert Gillies. 18 and Paul; others are said to be mere 6d. China Inland Mission. London. 1925.

conjectures. It is claimed that the Education of Christian Ministers in China. Samuel H. Leger. 118 pp. Union Theoauthor is Paul, speaking not as logical Seminary. Foochow, China. 1925.

Apostle to the Gentiles, but as the The Key to Faith. Michael O. Gershenson. Translated by Herman Frank. 156 pp. Messianic witness to Israel. A re- $1.50. Macmillan .co. New York. 1925.

semblance is pointed out between this Never Again: Everyland Stories. 200 pp. $1.50 each. Four copies, postp:ri-d; $5.00. Epistle and Paul's sermon to the Everyland Publishing Co. West Medford, Mass. 1925. Jews at Pisidian Antioch (Acts 13). Penny Object Lessons: 25 Lessons for 26 The author suggests that the last Cents. C. H. Woolston, Homer Rodeheaver and F. B. Lane. 25 cents. Rodeheaver chapter of Hebrews, which "sounds Co. Chicago an d Philadelphia. 1925.

like Paul," is a "covering letter" Peace on Earth-A Study for Today. Edited by Rhoda MeCulloch aud Margaret written to accompany the treatise. Burton. 144 Pl'. 30 cents. Central Com- mittee on the United Study of Foreign He thinks Paul may have had Luke Missions. West Medford, Mass. 1925.

for his amanuensis, and that this A Parent's Guide to Children's Reading. Mary Graham Bonner. 143 Pl" $1.75. partly accounts for the peculiarities Funk & Wagnalls Co. New York. 1925.

of style. Surveying Your Community: A Handbook of Method for the Rural Church. Ed· A glance at the table of contents mund de S. Brunner. 109 pp. $1.25. George H. Doran Co. New York. 1925. and the appendices suggests the Tales of Young Japan. Pie Series. Conscholarly character of the book which tributed by People Who Lived in Japan. 61 pp. Is. Church Missionary Society. shows careful study and a wide knowl- London. 1925.

edge of the Scriptures. The author's Art Blotters. Five in a set, in Art Envelopes: exegesis of specific passages is inter- 1. Prayer and Missions. 2. Little Fl'iends of All Lands. esting, though sometimes open to 3. The Me""ning of Christmas. 4. Union College Series (6 in a set). question. It is supported by frequent 5. Ginling College. 6. Isabella Thoburn College. appeals to the Greek. c. R. S. 25 cents a single set; $2.00 for 10 sets Negro Year Book-An Annual. 1925-1926. of one series; $15.00 for 100 sets of one Edited by Monroe N. Work. 520 pp. series; $65 for 500 sets of oue series. Maps and charts. $1.00, paper; $1.50, Mrs. T. J. Howells, 324 Spencer Avenue, boards. 1925. Cal'fick, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Every subject related to the Negro -statistical, political, physical, social, occupational, educational and religious-are dealt with concisely and in, telligently in this Year Book, edited by a Negro for the information of all races. Dr. 'Work of Tuskegee Institute shows the magnitude and importance of the problem and the progress that the American Negro is making. This is an excellent book of reference.

Toto and Sundri. Emma A. Robinson. 16 mO. 103 pp. Paper, 40 cents. 1922.

A story of a boy and girl of India in a Methodist mission school, with questions at the close of each chapter.

WITH DR

After a visit to South Africa in the interest of work for Moslems there Dr. Zwemer held Summer Conferences in Europe and returned to Cairo abont October 1st. Next year he w"il1 go to Mesopotamia and India. By your prayers and gifts you can help in this far-reaching work and can supply the much needed Christian Literature for Moslems.

Egypt Syria Russia China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa These countries are furnished with Christ's Message through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and with Interdenominational Comtnittees on the fields to give the Gospel Me!:sage through the printed page.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson. of New York. Vice Presidents Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., Cairo, Honorary Field Secretary Rev. Ernest W .. Riggs Dr. Frank Mason North Mrs. William Borden Dr. William B. Anderson Mrs. William Bancroft Hill Mr. Fennell P. Turner Miss Anna A. Milligan Dr. John H. Raven Mrs. D. L. Pierson Send your contributions to MRS. E. E. OLCOTT, Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street, New York City.

Apply for information and literature to MRS. JAMES M. MONTGOMERY, Secre- tary, I West 72nd Street, New York City.

HOW DR. HOWARD KEllY Studies the Bible ~his great surgeon and scientist, honored by learned so- cieties in Europe and America as few men of our genera- tion, wrote last year his epoch-making testimony to the Old Faith. Now he will tell what his personal methods of daily Bible study have been for the past forty years, and how he digs treasures from the Word. This indescribably rich contribution will appear, early in 1926, exclusively in .

(I••ued every week) 0'"…~.

<).'0" 01- i~$Iune,aodnditthioen,InthteernTaitmioeJnacloUntnaiifnosrmno less than twelve lesson-helps in each …,." 111 Lessons, while a wealth of special THI! :0.<> 40 ~/ articles Oft Sunday-school methods, research in Bible lands, and SURAY SCHOOL " ~resent-day problems of Christian thought and life, o~e n~ C~::ANY 0'S.~· P.~Ip_ Pa unerdenominational, international journal almost indispensa- hie to the earnest Christian. Will you try it! Subscrip- .,;J".."..,<J Forthe25cenlsenclosed;lea;" tion rates 'If,2.00 a year, or $1. SO in clubs of five or more »rPi send The Sunday School Times copies, either to separate addresses or one address. ~~0~:1(; for 10 weeks to 2S cents, mailed with the coupon, will bring the . 0"<" Name ………….,………..,…….. , .paper to you for 10 weeks.

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