The Missionary Review of the World — June 1933

1933

THE What I Saw in Poland Conrad Hoffman The Christian Wizard of India Delavan L. Pierson When Pastors Discuss Missions Hugh Vernon White Arguments by Moorish Moslems James Haldane Pioneering on the Madagascar Uplands A. M. Chirgwin Evangelizing a Million Korean Homes – William Newton Blair

Chat THE

REVIEW OF THE WORLD This number of the REVIEW is espe- If the Service DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor cially rich and varied. There are calls you East articles on Morocco, and the people of VUL, LVl NO.6 of Suez … sail the Sahara Desert; on India and PAGE Korea and Japan; on Poland and the Jews; on Home Missions and Mis- Frontispiece – A Missionary sion Problems; on Madagascar and Journey to the Garden of the Philippines. Allah ……………… 282 Topics of the Times ……. 283 These writers tell the stories of missionary heroes and missionary COD- Godless Propaganda verts; of pioneering and adventure; Turmoil and Trouble in Cuba of needs and difficulties and progress. Present Movement in Germany Touring America for Foreign *** Jlissl0ns You can't afford to neglect this rich A New Center in Jerusalem feast. Invite your pastor, your friends Arguments by Moorish Mosand others to share in it. Send a subscription to some missionary on lems ……………… 287 the frontier. Such a gift will be like By James Haldane. cold water to a thirsty soul. The Christian Wizard of In- *** THE ROUTE PREFERRED dia ………………. 290 Our next issue of the REVIEW will SINCE 18401 By Delavan L. Pierson. be a double number, covering two Cross to England, Gibraltar or months–July and August. This is for Pioneering on the Madagas- Marseilles and embark in a great the purpose of saving expense and be- ship of this Line that tradition- car Uplands ………… 294 ally and for nearly a century has cause many readers are absent frotn carried the vanguard of the Church hotne during the sutntner. It will also By A. ),1. Chirgwin. eastward to aU the lands heyond Suez. P & 0 Liners, of transatlanbe a special nutnber dealing with the ,What I Saw in Poland ….. 298 tic size and comfort, stand for the home tnission phase of the study topic Progress of the West in scores of "Christ and the Modern World." By Conrad Hoffman. tropic ports and teeming harbours of the Indian Ocean and the Our last July-August issue sold out Evangelizing a Million Ko- Pacific. Natives measure time by . rean Homes ………… 300 their swift and sure arrival. Low soon after it was issued and had to be rates and the present favourable By 'Villianl Newton Blair. exchange make the voyage an reprinted. That edition was also sold exceptional value. out and the demand still continues. Defeat or Victory in India .. 303 Do not make a tnistake this year. By J. F. Edwards. Articles promised deal with Socialism and Christ; the Church and Modern When Pastors Discuss Mis- Youth; Christ and the Foreign Born; sions •………….. '.. 305 the Unemployed; Christ and the By Hugh Vernon White and Mountaineers; Migrant Workers; Cleland B. MeAt'"e. Christ and the City Slums; the Busi- Learning New Lessons in ness Man and the Wage Earners; Christ in Atnerican Colleges. Missions …………… 307 *** By Kenneth Scott Latourette. Later we plan to publish the ad- The Missionary of the Future 309 dresses by Dr. E. Stanley Jones, Dr. By Ernest E. Tuck. Sam Higginbottom and others, deliv- Shall We Appraise Home Misered during the United Missionary sions? …………….. 311 campaigns recently concluded. They By .Jay S. Stowell. have awakened very wide and deep Good Will and Good News .. 313 interest. **• . By Jacob Peltz. Do you know what others are say- In the Garden of Allah … , 315 ing? ReTe are quotations from a few By Dugald Campbell. recent le tters : Some Problems in the Philip- "The REVIEW is improving potti in pines ……………… 319 its material and in its arrangement. We believe it has an increasing value By George William Wright. with its message and its emphasis for these days."-Secretary of the Mission Noble Jo of Kobe ………. 321 Board of the Church of the Brethren. A remarkable story of what a *** Japanese Christian woman Regular sailings to India, 18 ,doing for her Japanese Australia, Egypt, Sudan, Persi~n "The REVIEW is a wonderful, in- Gulf, Burma, Ceylon, Straits forming magazine, and I could not do sjstel's. Settlements, China, Japan, East and South Africa, Mauritius, without it." Effective Ways of Working . 323 MRS. S. C. BECKETT, Rohnesburg, Australasia. Pa. Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison. Complete information from *** Your Local A~nt or Women's Home Mission Bul- "DUring the past year I have found £UNARD~LINE the REVIEW of great value in my letin ……………… 326 work. I feel that I cannot get along without it during the coming year." Edited by Miss Anne Seesholtz.

REV. ARTHUR J. ENGELBRECHT, Our World-Wide Outlook … 328 Breese, Ill. Our Missionary Bookshelf .. 341 – – -..- – —~———-.—- *** GENERAL AGENTS Publication and Business Offtce Look at the "Dates to Remember" Third ann Reily Sts., Harrisburg. Pa. 25 Broadway New York column (page 281). This will be a good summer to attend some mis- Editorial and Executive Office sionary conference or Summer School 15ij Fifth Avenue, New York City of Missions. Entered as second-class matter at Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of :>Iarch 3. 1879.

25 cents a copy-$2.50' a year Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year Published monthly-All rights re- served. Copyrighted 1933 by the lUSSTOKARY REVIEW PUB· LISHING CO., INC.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President W~r. L CHAMBERLAIN. Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, 'Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary SA"t;EL :v!CCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. WPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH MILTON T. STAUFFEII A. L. WARNSHUIS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER

to Remember A

DENOMINATIONAL ANNUAL FINANCIAL MEETINGS PLAN June 11-17 – Church. Co~ference of …is what hundreds of satisfied Social Work, DetroIt, MICh. persons consider the annuity agreements of the American June 8-13-Gencral Synod of the Re- Bible Society. Here is what formed Church in America, Grand Mrs. S. S. of California writes: Rapids, Mich. "The check I receive from you is June 19-22-General Eldership of the much appreciated these days. Money Churches of God in North America, is a scarce article with me but I can Hagerstown, Md. always depend on Jun.e 26-July 2-75th Anniversary of my check from the formation of the United Pres- the American byterian Church of North America, Bible Society." Pittsburgh, Pa. Read the enthu, June 27-30-Evangelical Women's Un- siastic testimony of ion, Evangelical Synod of North Mr. O.W. of North Carolina: America, Buffalo, N. Y. "I am grateful that our American Bible Society annu- June 28-General Assembly of the ities afford us some security in these trying times." United Presbyterian Church, Pitts- burgh, Pa. Advancing years need not be feared when you know that this Society, PASTORS' CONFERENCES indispensable to the missionary en, June 19-24- Institute for Town and terprise, and of unquestioned fi, Country Ministers, Y. M. C. A. nancial stability, is behind this College, Springfield, Mass. – Prof. annuity A. Z. Mann. That Gives June 26-July 7 – Rural Leadership School, Madison, Wis., University You of Wisconsin-Prof. J. H. Kolb. the assurance of a dependable income June 26-August 7 – Auburn Summer as long as you live. An easy-to,read booklet School of Theology, Auburn, N. Y. tells you all about it-the rates you receive- -Prof. H. L. Reed. how you help in making the Scriptures widely available around the earth-how a friend orrelative July 3-20-School for Town and may be included – how this annuity agreement Country Ministers, East Lansing, gives you a Mich., Michigan State College- Prof. Eben Mumford. Double Satisfaction July 11-21-Summer School for Rural ~I·~IIl't ,—————-1 Pastors, Brookings, S. D., South II I Dakota State College-Prof. W. F. AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY Kumlien. Bibl" House, Astor Place, New York City .

July I7-28-Summer School for Town I I Please send me, without obhgatlon, your booklet No. M. R.6, entitled and Country Ministers, Ithaca, N. I "A G,ft That LIves." Y., Cornell University – Prof. ;O~VTi ::~,==~-:=_-_D::'~:m~~m i Dwight Sanderson.

July 25-August 4-Virginia Summer School for Rural Ministers, Blacks- burg, Va., Virginia Polytechnic In- stitute-Prof. B. L. Hummell.

July 31-August 4-Rural Welfare Conference, Ontario Ladies' Col- lege, Whitby, Ont.-Rev. Manson Doyle, 523 Wesley Bldg., Toronto.

August l-ll-Summer School for Ministers and Christian Workers, Hollister, Mo.-Rev. C. E. Van Del' Maaten, 724 Grand Ave., Spring- field, Mo.

MISCELLANEOUS June I-Nov. I-World's Fair, Chicago, Ill.

June 20-21-National Council of Fed- erated Church Women, Chicago, Ill.

June 24-September 4-Victorious Life Conferences, Keswick, N. J.

July 5-7 – Association of Worn e n Preachers, Milwaukee, Wis.

July 8-13 – International Christian Endeavor Convention. Milwaukee, Wis.

July 8-28 – Eighth Seminar in Mex- ico under the auspices of the Com- mittee on Cultural Relations with Latin America.

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by Nash THE WALLED CITY OF AGOURMI, NEAR SIWA TOWN AND

DUGALD CAMPBELVS CAMP AS HE WAS LEAVING TRIPOLI TO CROSS THE DESERT A MISSIONARY JOURNEY TO THE GARDEN OF ALLAH (See page 315)

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER SIX JUNE, 1933 Topics of the Times GODLESS PROPAGANDA fostered by the failure of those of us who are A~heis~ is nothing new; neither is immorality; professed believers in God to reveal His character nor IS bhndness. Since the beginning some men and power in our own lives. have denied God's existence, have ignored His laws and have rebelled against His right to rule. The The widespread godless propaganda is made re~sons are m3;ny-ignorance, misguidance, prej- clear. in a.paper, Dema,in*, issued by a group of udIce, false phIlosophy and science, and the put- RUSSIans In France. While atheism was introting of other things in the place of God. But the duced into Asia with western materialistic science greatest hindrances to a knowledge and accept- and "free thought," it has been actively promoted ance of God are ignorance and wilful rebellion. by Bolshevist propaganda. The International Few men. are ath~ists ~t heart, though they may Proletarian Freethinkers, at their meeting in Moshave demed God s eXIstence, have ignored His cow in 1931, stated they had not yet succeeded in laws. Even those who claim to be atheists often developing antireligious activity in such counshow their fear that He may be a reality. This i8 tries as India, China and Africa. Their most true in Russia. It is scarcely reasonable to waste active propaganda is among the youth and malso much ammunition on a Being who is nonexist- contents in so-called Christian lands and in backent: Russi~n Soviet leaders are not only bending ward countries like Mongolia. Demain reports theIr energIes to put through a Five Year Eco- that in America, Australia and Asia, where nomic program, they are also promoting an anti- branches of the International Proletarian Free- God program, not only to ostracize but to abolish thinkers have been organized, the propaganda is carried on along the following lines: God. . The most powerful weapon is the printed page. Atheis- The propaganda does not stop with Russia but hc books are translated and original publications are produced in the native languages. The influence of atheextends to all lands where atheistic communism isti.c ideas in indigenous literature is a significant fact is active. The Soviet leaders are not only igno- WhICh can hardly be overestimated. rant of God, as He is revealed in Christ and the An important role is also played by the pro-communistic Scriptures, but they are conscious that His laws of righteousness and love are opposed to their and antireligious films. Some are well done from the materialistic, loveless, autocratic program. Their resthetic point of view, but are calculated to stir up antireligious feeling and anarchy. At least twenty such films a;e now being shown in all parts of the world.

only chance for success is in "the abolition of SpeCIal propagandists are trained jn Moscow to carry God." It cannot be done, any more than the sun on communistic and antireligious propaganda in various can be blotted out by shutting one's eyes, by a. lands.. !his propaganda has a special influence upon peocampaign to promote blindness, or by establishing ples hvmg near the frontiers of Soviet Russia such as Turkey, India, Persia, Afghanistan, China and japan.

a home in a dark cave. ~h: use of Esperanto and of the Latin alphabet in The sad and damaging fact about the atheistic ~sIatIc languages has enabled the Soviet Government to propaganda is its influence on the young and un- mtroduce the natives of Asiatic Russia to books full of educated. In America, Europe, and other lands, atheistic ideas. the godless and degrading literature that is being widely distributed in the form of tracts and fic- The struggles of the past have been between tion is having its evil effect on the youth. This revealed religion and superstition, between Chris- tianity and ethnic religions, between spiritual propaganda unfortunately finds more ready ac- .* 'rhe Social and Economic News Bulletin of the International cept ance in the present economic distress and is CMlIaSmSIaOrnt,arIysseCyo-uInasc-iMl oguivleensietahuex,aPdadrriess.s of Demain as 132 Ave. de [283]

ideals and materialism. The coming conflict is third of a century. Its size is that of Pennsylvania between Christ and anti-Christ, or godless com- but it has only one-half the population of that munism. The anti-God propaganda can be suc- state. Who can estimate the amount of trouble cessfully counteracted by the Gospel of Christ- and suffering it represents? made known, not only by the spoken and printed word, but translated into character, life and serv- Roman Catholic missions had free course in ice. Men can withstand theoretical arguments, Cuba for four hundred years; Protestant work however logical, but they cannot withstand visible has been carried on quietly since the island was evidence of truth or the power and the love of God set free from Spanish control. Today some thiras revealed in Christ and in sacrificial service for teen societies are at work with about eighty forman. Russia is now reaping the fruits of dead eign workers and a large number of Cuban pasfaith without works; mission lands show the fruit tors and teachers. The principal missions are of living faith in Christ, manifested by works of those conducted by the Methodist Church (South), love. the Presbyterian Church (North), the Protestant Episcopal Church, the Northern and Southern TURMOIL AND TROUBLE IN CUBA Baptists and the Society of Friends.

Many are anxiously hoping for the restoration The visible results of the work have not been of confidence and harmony in Cuba. There are large, but there are some 220 organized churches reasons to expect better things of the Island Re- with approximately 15,000 communicants and as public but as the years go by the causes for unrest many more adherents. Most of the islanders are seem to be no nearer a solution. The situation is nominally Roman Catholic, but the economic, edudeplorable. Extreme financial depression has dis- cational and moral standards are low. It is time couraged all business; foreign as well as national for Christians to pray for Cuba, for the Christians investors are making a desperate effort to hold on there, for the missionaries, and for the new amuntil a change comes; political leaders are deter- bassador, Mr. Sumner Wells, that a way out of mined to give no ground to their opponents, hop- the present turmoil may be discovered and foling that the other side will become exhausted. lowed. Mysterious forces make life itself unsafe; scarcely a week passes without some public violence, by THE PRESENT MOVEMENT IN GERMANY assassination or bombing. Many have been alarmed about the state of re- Education has had a serious set-back. For three ligion in Germany since the last revolution and years the University of Havana has been closed have feared that the Church at home, as well as and the high schools of the six provinces have not her missions in foreign lands, would be seriously been open for nearly that time. This has added affected. The reports concerning persecution of to the state of unrest and unemployment and fore- Jews and the abolition of the Old Testament in bodes an even more serious condition for the fu- favor of nationalistic German traditional heroes ture. If Cuba is to have a generation grow to and ideals, have revealed a purpose to promote a manhood and womanhood without high school and Teutonic civilization. No government, however college training much of the progress of the past popular, can make much headway with such a three decades will be lost. Whence can the Re- program. public expect to obtain its future teachers, scientists and educated leaders? When the market The Hitler government went into effect in a makes possible a recuperation of economic pros- Protestant church after a solemn service. The perity and when better political conditions restore dramatic moment came when the aged Hindenpublic confidence, the leaders that should now be burg grasped the hand of the young chancellor and in school will be unprepared for their task. It is Hitler in a solemn address, gave honor to God and a desperate situation and, so far as an onlooker pledged his emphatic support to the maintenance can see, one that is unnecessary. of Christianity.

The Christian Church has not been actively in- A number of Protestant bishops, the venerable volved in the disturbances but the Christians are Lutheran Bishop Ihmels in the lead, have publicly suffering and it is almost impossible to carryon. indicated their allegiance to the new Germany It is easy to visualize the pain and anxiety that and have pledged their full cooperation in the haunt the lives of thousands who long to live a work of cleansing, uplifting and liberating the quiet inconspicuous life, to have the opportunity people. It has become evident that the Protestants to work in peace, and to worship with their fam- will not consent to any attempt to splice together ilies, without the constant dread of disturbance, heterogeneous religious bodies. They desire the destruction and death by violence. peace of the church and stand for the moral and religious renewal of the nation. Emphasis is Cuba, which was for four centuries under Span- placed upon honesty, purety and cleanness. ish control, has been a republic for about one- The Christian leaders stress the great responsi-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

bility resting upon the Church to be the pure burg, where they secured the State Farm Show Church of Christ, not a state church, but with un- Building, thirty-five hundred people came.

diminished powers to proclaim the Gospel of God. "Seems like the good old days. I never saw the Only in this sense is the Church to be regarded as building packed like that," was the comment some- the servant of the State. The excrescences of the times overheard. Another said, "If we could only former period are to be avoided–such as a pagan have a meeting like this every week there would Germanism, attacks upon the Old Testament, on be a revival in this place." Many of the audiences missions and religion and morality. They state were made up of picked groups of official boards among other things, "Have we Christians not re- or delegates chosen as leaders to represent many ceived the commission from our Lord in Heaven congregations. Interdenominational dinners and to preach the Gospel to all nations, including the luncheons were well attended, at times with five German nation?" hundred men or women present.

A notable manifesto by Dr. Zoellner, General One of the finest fruits of these Foreign Mis- Superintendent, directed to the Lutherans of sion meetings was that they coordinated the mis- Germany, contains the following points: First, sionary work of many denominations through the the necessity of creating a new constitution for hearty and united efforts of the interdenomina- the government of the Church which shall not re- tional committees, councils of churches and min- flect the prevailing governmental form, as did the isterial associations. In one small city it was former attempts, which aimed at a democratiza- said: "This is the finest thing that has ever struck tion of the church. "We need bishops at the head our town."

and no church parliaments!" Second, the unifica- The campaign showed the results of careful tion of the Church. "The confessional basis of planning by the secretaries of the Foreign Mis- the several Protestant churches is not to be sions Conference and by the local committees.

touched. The entire work of the Church must be The enthusiastic cooperation was a rewarding ex- done, starting with its own confession. The chan- perience. One chairman remarked that the whole cellor has declared that the Church must be free central portion of the state had been moved and for its work for the nation." each church had agreed to have a missionary The most important statement in this document speaker or a missionary sermon by the pastor.

is the following: "The really essential task of the The main speakers of the team were well fitted Church, one which must be worked out anew in to interest American Christians.

every age, is, to bear witness in the world of sin In many of the larger meetings there has been and death, to the message of the cross of Christ a very natural blending of the missionary appeal and the certainty of the resurrection from the with a definite call to personal consecration to dead. Thus the Church stands with its commis- Christ, to prayer and to whole-hearted devotion to sion in the midst of the nation, as the front of His service. The great crowds who have heard God against death. That is its service to crea- these messages and the intelligent interest mani- tion." C. THEODORE BENZE. fested prove that the churches are eager to learn of the progress of Christ's work across the seas TOURING AMERICA FOR FOREIGN and to face the challenging implications of the MISSIONS Christian life as they ponder anew the "eternal "Good for a 'scare head,' " was a young woman values in a bewildered world." A. 1. NASMITH.

reporter's estimate of the news value of one of the A NEW CENTER IN JERUSALEM women's meetings of the United Missionary Cam- paign. The platform and the floor along the Palestine, one of the smallest countries on the aisles, as well as every available seat, was crowded globe, ·is religiously one of the most important.

to hear Miss Carol Chen of China and Dr. E. Its location, at the juncture of Asia and Africa Stanley Jones of India. Other equally popular and next door to Europe, has made it a great meetings were addressed by Dr. Sam Higgin- battleground of history and the cradle of religion.

bottom of Allahabad. Jews, Moslems and Christians of every type hold This series of foreign mission conferences, con- it sacred and struggle for its control. Pilgrims ducted in sixteen communities (April 19 to May from many lands now journey thither to visit its 24), is the first extensive interdenominational sacred shrines. According to Biblical prophecies, series undertaken for many years and they have the future of this land is to be even more impor- been remarkably successful. Crowds have been tant than the past. Jerusalem, the ancient "City gathered in every city and in some cases hundreds of Peace," is the home of the ancient Jewish have been turned away. Local communities have temple, the medieval Moslem mosque of Omar and expressed regret that they had not had the cour- the later Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Today age to rent larger convention halls. In Harris- it is the seat of a larger modern Jewish Univer-

sity, and the center of many Christian missions. per of Honolulu. Altogether it is reported that It is also the site of one of the largest and best over $1,000,000 has been put into the equipment equipped and most modern Young Men's Chris- and endowment. tian Associations in the world. The building was dedicated at Easter time, the fiftieth anniversary The Jerusalem Y. M. C. A. was organized fiftyof the incorporation of the Y. M. C. A. of the five years ago and for ten years was conducted United States and Canada. The dedicatory ad- in the small bookshop of the Church Missionary dress, given by Field Marshall Viscount Allenby, Society. The magnificent new building, in Byzanwas broadcasted from Jerusalem so as to be heard tine architecture, is located east of Jerusalem, on around the world. A picturesque gathering of Julian's Way, facing the city. The corner stone over 2,000 people assembled for the dedication, (laid July 23, 1928) carries the inscription: dressed in clothing that included the formal eccle- "These buildings are given to the glory of God siastical robes of the Eastern Orthodox clergy, the and in remembrance of His only begotten Son." gowns of Jewish Rabbis, the garb of Palestinian On the facade of the central building are three peasants and the formal dress of European offi- inscriptions-one in Hebrew: "The Lord our cials. Among those who took part in the cere- God is one Lord" (Deut. 6: 4); one in Arabic: monies were Dr. John R. Mott of New York, the "There is no God but God" (Koran); and one in Anglican Bishop of Jerusalem, a Jewish rabbi, an Aramaic: "I am the Way" (John 14: 6) . From Arab Protestant clergyman and the Patriarch of the "Jesus Tower" can be seen the sites of Bethlethe Greek Church. hem and Temple of Solomon, the Mount of Olives and Calvary and the garden tomb. This is sig- This new building will welcome into its halls, nificant for this Christian center, in the most classrooms, restaurant, gymnasium and swimming sacred spot on earth, may well be devoted to the pool both young men and young women of all practical expression of the teachings of the Son races and faiths. The building was made pos- of God who was born into this world as the Savsible by a gift from the late James N. Jarvie of iour, who, within sight of this building, lived and Montclair, New Jersey; the carillon, which is the taught in the streets and Temple; who healed the finest in Asia, was donated by a niece of Mr. sick and cast out demons; who gave His life a Jarvie; the four thousand pipe organ was given ransom for many on Calvary; and who rose again from the dead to bring life and immortality to by the Juilliard Musical Foundation; and the li- light. The Y. M. C. A. in Jerusalem should embrary, which is largely devoted to the Life of phasize the whole Gospel. Christ, was made possible by Miss Margaret Hop- THE NEW Y. M. C. A. AT JERUSALEM

by Moorish

I-<!£f By JAMES HALDANE, Mazagan, Morocco IT.!e– W HEN, for half an hour, I had been speak- This attitude towards sin opens the road for an ing to a group of Moslems in Morocco, endless march of evil, and reveals depths of cor- suddenly a young man broke through the ruption almost inconceivable to those who have circle, stood before me, shook his garments vigor- not encountered it at close quarters.

ously and said: When I said to a notary on one occasion that "Our religion, like our garments, is wide, roomy it ought to be clear to him that the bribe he took and free from any uncomfortable tightness." in his left hand must make void the praise and Laying his hands on my shoulders he continued: worship he was offering to God through the use "Your message sets forth a religion which re- of the rosary in his right hand, he quietly re- sembles the suit you wear, it grips anq cramps marked that the reverse was the truth, and that and imprisons the body." the rosary removed all blemish from the bribe.

Another of the group, ready to support his co- Moslems do not see any inconsistency between a religionist, added: sordid life and a rigid adherence to religious cere- "The list of sins you lay to our charge is not mony. This is particularly well exemplified by exaggerated; we plead guilty. But God can wipe the following incident.

out our sins as easily as a boy removes an error I was sitting on the beach reading a book. Some from his slate by a touch of saliva." fifty yards distant was a bundle of clothes belong- The attitude of these men is supported by the whole trend of Koranic teaching. While their sacred book thunders heavily against sin in its various forms, the climax is usually reached by the assertion that Allah is merciful and the door of repentance is near.

When I read the Koran, or observe those whose lives are moulded by its teaching, there comes to my mind the picture of a mother who puts clean garments on her child, and after having threat- ened it with awful punishment if it goes splash- ing in the mud, finishes her threats by saying: "Of course, there is always soap and hot water in the bathroom."

When Moslems claim that there is an exalted doctrine of righteousness in the Koran, we can only say, after twenty years' experience among this people, that this doctrine and others of a RIVAL BOOKS: BIBLE AND KORAN more nebulous nature are not taken seriously so as to exert a practical influence on life. ing to a man who was fishing from the shore. An There is only one sin which seems to have a Arab who was passing, who thought I was dangerous significance-the sin of unbelief. The too engrossed in my reading to notice anything charge of being an unbeliever is brought against else, lifted the best garment from the bundle and all who refuse to accept the Koran as the final made off with it. To avoid creating suspicion he revelation of God. The consequences of all other did not quicken his pace, and before he had gone sins have been discretely whittled down so as to far I managed to signal to the fisherman who, by give scope for the indulgence of those cravings my gestures, was quick to read the situation.

which are wrapped up in the human frame. When the thief was caught there was a great Sin, to the Moslem, is not a problem, it is a uproar which attracted a native policeman to the propensity which, though admittedly curving scene and the man was arrested. Finding himself away from the straight line, does not to any in- on the way to prison the thief requested the police- convenient extent interfere with direction. man to allow him a little time to perform ablutions [287]

and say his prayers, on the ground that there without encountering anything more than a feeble would be little convenience for such an exercise resistance. within prison walls. A man may divorce his wife for any other rea- The policeman, fisherman and myself sat on the son than that she is thirty and he desires a young sand waiting for this law-breaker to finish his girl of seventeen. No effort is made to predict prayers. I said to the policeman: whether or not such a union will become an en- cumbrance; neither common-sense nor calcula- "This is hypocrisy and you should not allow it." tion are of any service since our passions, even when they tend to tyrannize over others, must be "If a man breaks the law in the street," he re- allowed to run their course, since we have no plied, "and on his way to prison asks to stop at a more power to arrest their march than we have to certain street that he may pay a shop-keeper a turn a river at its mouth and send back its waters debt he owes, you would not call that hypocrisy to feed the springs at its source. would you? Who am I to say to this thief, 'you have broken the law and therefore I will not allow There are multitudes of illustrations and metayou to pay your debt to God?' " phors used by Moors that reveal this creed of fa- talism. I often come to grips with Moslems over this inconsistency that mars their lives. But discus- It is the direction of the wind that determines the sion is either cut short, or brought to a climax course of the clouds, not the fool in the street who after a long debate by a saying attributed to one blows at them with a pair of bellows. of the mystic saints: Fresh supplies from the source keep scum from be- Fate is the wind, we are the smoke; coming stench. Its power upon us is absolute.

In elucidating this saying the Moors remind us If we argue, as I have often done, that the logithat they as believers may indulge freely in nights cal conclusion of a creed like this should lead us to of sin with the assurance that morning prayers abolish all punishment, for crime being deterwill enable them to make contact with those puri- mined cannot be avoided, nor can punishment befying influences that flow daily from Mohamme- come a deterrent to its future development, the dan springs. answer is that the inconsistency which appears in the punishment is decreed in the same way as the In justice to the saint to whom the saying is at- action that leads up to it. This is the vicious tributed one must say that his admirers have al- circle with a vengeance. lowed a too liberal interpretation to his message; but nonetheless it has always been true of Mos- A people held in the grip of such a creed is not lems that the point in their religion which they easily attracted to a Gospel that calls upon us to have stressed has been its divine origin, while its grapple with our sins and sacrifice our all to win influence in purifying the daily life, has conspicu- eternal life. ously failed. Much praise has been lavished upon the liberal- God's Decrees as an Alibi ity of the Arabs, especially in its relation to alms- giving. But when we dip beneath the surface and This attitude towards wrong-doing finds its examine the motive that prompts the exercise of main support in the doctrine of fatalism embraced this apparent virtue its shallowness is quickly reby all Moslems. Mohammed's rule in regard to vealed. There are two sayings in use among epidemics is: themselves which lay bare this motive.

"If plague breaks out in a country go not to that "Sudaka tiedifaa, baa wa ilbila." (Almsgiving country, and if thou art there, depart not from it." staves off evil.) It is related that when Moses rebuked Adam On his way to a lawsuit a man gives away his for having lost Paradise to the race through his coins somewhat freely to the beggars he meets on trespass, he replied: "Dost thou blame me for his way. The beggars know only too well that that which was decreed concerning me before I these men have little sympathy with their poverty, was created ?" but they trap them with the cry, "May God save you from a fruitless lawsuit." In some mysterious They believe that a soul may have the highest way these coins are supposed to turn the balance intentions to seek righteousness, but is unable to in one's favor, and of course they do not stay to achieve its aim because of some decree of God consider how the balance can be made to move in that is in opposition to that attainment. The ac- favor of both parties to the lawsuit. ceptance of this doctrine by people who are lazy or vicious-as Emerson reminds us-gives them A year ago a well-known beggar was knocked a peg upon which to hang the responsibility for down by a car here in Mazagan and killed. He all their evil actions. All barriers of discipline rarely spoke, seemed to wear out his clothes withare broken down and evil passions move forward out washing them, slept in all weathers in a corner

ARGUMENTS BY MOORISH MOSLEMS

of the street and was always slavering. His ap- But is is difficult to get Moors to face their inpearance was repulsive. When the news of his consistency. These facts were brushed aside by death went round the town, immediately there another member of my audience who asserted was rivalry among the notabilities to defray the that in any case no one could get into hea.ven expenses of an elaborate burial. It was the larg- without first becoming a Moslem. est funeral I have ever seen in Morocco. I replied that I could not imagine God in heaven The man was credited with power to make con- entering into fellowship with millions of men tact with the unseen world, and such an one pass- whose chief delight and occupation was with ing over to the other side might be in a position black-eyed virgins so that I was compelled to treat to distribute blessings or deal out blows to his the Prophet's description of heaven as a piece of fellows left behind. The reason for this scramble indecent fancy. to provide funeral expenses, as also the long procession, is obvious, for there is no record of such Students who have studied in the French liberality towards poor widows. schools are the only Moors found ready to ac- knowledge that the language used in the Koran to It is a thing of common occurrence in Morocco describe heaven is figurative. They all insist upon to find, in traps laid to snare animals, a piece of its acceptance in a literal sense. After all this is skin, an ear or part of a leg that has been wrenched off by the animal in a desperate struggle to escape. The saying has thus come into circulation: "Men, like animals, will surrender a part to save the bulk."

Moslem Contributions to Progress AF TER THE BIBLE CLASS- F OR AN D AGAINST THE MESSAGE Moslem lands remained stagnant for centuries a natural climax to a religion that found its chief until European powers brought to bear upon them impetus to proselytize in promises of enlarged inthe combined force of their wealth, industry and dulgence after death to faithful warriors who control. might be cut off from their share of battle spoil which included the women taken captive. I have frequently asked my hearers for an explanation of this fact. They soon find one and in Mohammed evidently knew .that his recruits substance it is nearly always the same. My latest 'were not of the kind to be swayed by words that experience called forth the following reply. were nothing more than symbols. Something more tangible was required to arouse the enthusi- "What you say about Moslem backwardness is asm and courage necessary to achieve his aim. true but it does not humi1iate us, for your argument loses much of its force when you take into Whether we test Mohammedanism by its consideration our view of this world. What is earthly activities or its heavenly prospects, the this world? A dirty garment which we cast off defect is the same, namely, the lack of moral after wearing it for a time. Who can get up any and spiritual standards that approach to the naenthusiasm over the patching of an old garment?" ture of God.

On another occasion one of my hearers, who was Let the Christian missionary proceed with the evidently piqued by my reference to the backward- proclamation of his Message of Christ, which is ness of Moslem lands, said: "The chief occupa- so vastly superior to that of Islam. tion of vultures is to gorge themselves with the decaying bodies of donkeys, dogs and camels which die in the open fields. You Europeans spend Sunday strutting about in your best clothes, and bowing to one another. On that day you resemble the sparrow,and for the rest of the week you struggle with each other like vultures seeking for the largest share of a decaying world."

I reminded this gentleman that when Mohammed sent forth his followers to conquer the nations he promised them the possession and enjoyment of spoils which spoil consisted of the very things which he was not condemning Europeans for accumulating. I also drew the attention to the fact that if Europeans cleared out of their country tomorrow there would immediately be a scramble among Moslems for a share of the goods left behind.

Christian "Wizard of India"*

Sir William Wanless of Mira; and His Million Patients -·~l ;1 ; ; P; ; IE; ; R; ; S; ; O; ; N= = ~I ~ ====;;;;B;;;;Y;;;;D;;;;E;;;;L;;;;A;;;;V;;;;A;;;;N=L;;;;.

"THE Story of the Impossible" is the title ap- that obtained in his three-year course in New plied to the growth of the medical mission York University. When he arrived at Sangli he at Miraj, western India. It is more re- found neither hospital nor dispensary. But the markable than the legendary tales of cities built news of a coming doctor had spread and he soon in a single night by the magic of an enchanter's found a line of patients begging for treatment.

wand. "I consider the hospital at Miraj my most The new missionary had been warned not to begin profitable investment," said the late John H. Con- practice until after he had spent two years in lan- verse, then president of the Baltimore Locomo- guage stUdy-lest the demands of his early pro- tive Works. He had put some $20,000 into the fessional practice should hinder his preparation enterprise which grew to have a mere money for later usefulness. "What to do?" as the In- value of over $250,000. But that is the least part dians say. He had come to India as a missionary, of the .:returns on the investment, for in forty and needed a command of the language in order years it ministered to the bodies and souls of to give the people the Gospel in their own tongue.

more than a million and a quarter patients. But he had come to do medical work and here it In 1889 a young medical student applied to the was-some of the patients needing immediate re- Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions for ap- lief. Should he turn them away saying, "We pointment to China. Later he volunteered for have not bread"; or was the Master saying: India. The Board did not at first accept his ap- "You need not send them away…. Give yethem plication and rather discouraged the young man. to eat…. Bring them hither to me." This was There were two reasons for this hesitation-he the voice that the young doctor heard and obeyed. had not had a college education and therefore Promptly sending to Bombay for more supplies, might not fit in well with the requirements for a he used what he had, doling out the meager sup- missionary to people of an ancient civilization; ply of medicines to those most urgently needing again, the funds of the Board did not seem /Suf- attention. But there was no surgery, "operating theater," or equipment, such as some modern apficient to warrant the appointment.

But William J. Wanless was not easily discour- praisers deem so essential to an acceptable mediaged. He consulted his friend, Robert Wilder, cal mission. A small schoolroom (8 x 12 feet) Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement, was turned into a dispensary, the courtyard outand was advised to try to interest some church side was the waiting room for patients and their in undertaking his support. The Presbyterian numerous friends, and Dr. Wanless' small private church of Bryn Mawr, Pa., where John H. Con- bathroom (7 x 8 feet), without a window, became verse was an elder, invited Wanless to speak on the operating theater. Later he secured better, a Sunday morning and the pastor, Dr. William larger quarters in a "glorified chicken coop," with Miller, and his congregation, were so impressed mud walls and mud floor. For months it had been the stamping ground for donkeys. The pawith the young v.olunteer's earnestness and abil- tients slept on mats on the floor, with only such ity that they then and there pledged his support. bedding as they could provide-for the mission- The church had been giving $100 a year to mis- ary had no money for beds or blankets. There sions through the Foreign Board; this was im- were no trained nurses or orderlies; no sterimediately increased to over $2,000 a year and in lizer, x-ray or other modern apparatus. Dr. Wanthe next ten years that church gave over $40,000 less spent his mornings from eight to twelve in to the work. seeing patients and his afternoons and evenings When William Wanless and his bride sailed for in language study. The first year he treated seven India in October, 1889, he was a young man of thousand patients, and in spite of what would twenty-four, whose only medical experience was seem to be very unsanitary conditions and many • See the recent autobiography of Dr. Wanless. entitled "An emergency operative cases, not one surgical death American Doctor at Work in India," published by Fleming H. Revell Co., $1.50. occurred during those trying days.

[290] After two years the mission station was moved lished surgeons in America perform in a month.

to Miraj, a town of 29,000 inhabitants. The Not only is this work self-supporting but most missionaries lived in a traveler's bungalow and of the land, buildings, and equipment have been rented a corner shop in the bazaar for medical given by Indians or have been paid for from the work; it had been a cigarette factory. A com- hospital income-and 75% of the work is done modious room in the rear was used for a waiting free.

room and here they conducted each morning a Think of what the Presbyterian Church, the Gospel service. Dr. Wanless was a skilled phy- people of India, and the Kingdom of God would sician and surgeon, always ready to help suffer- have missed if Dr. Wanless had been rejected as ing humanity and never slighting this phase of his work, but he was first of all a missionary of Christ to sin-sick souls and was ever eager to bear witness to His Lord.

The young missionary's fame soon spread like wildfire. Patients broadcasted the remarkable story of the foreign doctor who cured them of painful and dangerous diseases, while his gentle- ness, his sympathy and his cheering words had given them new courage. Most unbelievable of all, this care and skill were given without charge to those who could not afford to pay. Dr. Wan- less never sought for money and lived a life of self-denying service. The Indians could not un- derstand it. A poor man, Ram Chandra Gark- wad, who had been blind for five years, heard, in his village 300 miles away from Miraj, a blind beggar tell of his recovery of sight through the wonderful doctor who treated poor people with- out charging any fee. Ram Chandra Garkwad went to Miraj and was operated on for cataract.

When the bandage was removed he exclaimed, "I see the ceiling! I see the bed! I see your face! May you live long and have much merit, oh meritorious one!"

"Listen," said Dr. Wanless, "and I will tell you of the One who is the Great Physician, who sent me here to heal the sick, and cure the blind. He it is who is the Light of the world. You need to see this Jesus who heals soul sickness, and who forgives sins and gives life. Believe on Him and follow Him if you would know the secret of WILLIAM Jo WANLESS strength and peace."

In forty years this work at Miraj has grown to a missionary candidate because, forsooth, he had be the largest, most famous and most successful not had a college education, or because the fi- medical mission institution in India. It has now nances of the Board were low. No doubt if Dr.

over fifty buildings, including a medical school, Wanless had settled in America he might have a nurses' training school, a hospital with some had an income of from fifty thousand to a hun- 200 beds, well equipped operating theaters, two dred thousand dollars a year, and yet he lived for leper asylums, a tuberculosis sanitarium, six forty years on a modest missionary salary, turn- branch hospitals, two convalescent homes and a ing all his fees into the work. "Sir," said a Brah- number of residences. Here Dr. Wanless himself man whom Dr. Speer met in a railway carriage had under his care over a million patients-as traveling to Bombay, "I have just come from many people as live in the whole State of Colo- Miraj. I have watched those doctors and it is rado. Here he has restored sight to over 12,000 beyond my understanding that such men, who blind. In one year 70,000 patients were treated might have amassed wealth anywhere, do that in Miraj and 7,000 operations were performed. work for nothing but love and their own bare Dr. Wanless came in contact with a great variety support."

of cases and often performed a larger number of Dr. Wanless' worth was widely recognized. He major operations in a day than many well estab- was several times offered a large salaOry if he

would take charge of the state hospital in Koh- The Christian influence of the doctor was widetapur. The Indian Government recognized hiH spread and was manifested in many directions. services by presenting him with a silver, and later The Maharajah of Kolhapur, who had been a pawith a gold Kaiser-i-Hind medal, and in 1928 tient in the hospital after a severe wound suffered King George made him a Knight Bachelor of the in a hunt, became a devoted friend of Dr. Wan- British Empire. less. In 1919 he issued a r evolutionary order in his realm that showed the result of Christian This Great Heart of western India, who has teaching and example. It read, as literally transbeen called "one of the greatest missionaries of lated: Be informed that at all public buildings, chanty, rest houses, state houses, public government inns, river watering places, public well, etc., no defilement on account of any human being is to be taken into account. Just as in Christian public buildings and as Doctors Wanless and Vail in the American Mission trea t all with the same love, so also here they are to be treated as not esteeming any "unclean."

DR. W ANLESS' FIRlST HOSPITAL D I I NDIA In another address the Maharajah said that he was "trying to make the depressed class feel that modern times," was born near Toronto, Ontario, they were human beings and not beasts. The on May 1, 1865, and died in Glendale, California, selfless work of Dr. Wanless and Dr. Vail is beon March 3, 1933. Impaired health-a slight stroke fore the eyes of the people and has its influence -necessitated his retirement from active service on them. They treat al1 alike-the rich and the in 1928, after thirty-nine years of faithful Christ- poor, the high and the low." like ministry as an Apostle of Healing. He became one of the best loved foreigners in India. The spiritual character and fruits of the work Miraj became a place of pilgrimage and patients are also shown by the fact that when Dr. Wanless heard of his fame and came to him, not only from began his work in Miraj in 1892, there was not all parts of India but from Afghanistan, Bagh- one known Christian in the city. Now, through dad, Africa and even from Europe. In one year the work and words of the growing staff, there is the average distance traveled by patients was a strong, self-supporting Christian Church and over 270 miles. Poor, ignorant Indians, who Christian schools. The greatest single influence naturally feared to trust themselves to a foreign has been that of the Christian physician. He was hakim, would put themselves and their loved ones a humble disciple, with a very real prayer life and entirely in Dr. Wanless' hands saying: "Sahib one who did not neglect his Bible for his medical cut us. Never mind even if we die." journal. He gave the same skillful and kindly Not only did Miraj mission hospital minister A P AR T OF THE PRESBYTE R IAN H OSPITAL AT MIRAJ healing to over a million patients but the medical schools have trained doctors and nurses who have attention to the humblest Indian as to those of gone out to all parts of India on their healing mis- the highest rank. Visitors to his operating room sion. Dr. Wanless not only imparted to them were thrilled to see him at work. "Not a wasted something of his medical and surgical knowledge word or a lost motion," said one. The whole hosand skill but they imbibed his spirit of sympathy pital has been an eloquent example of Christian and learned the secret of his life. Practically all love. of the 200 medical students have gone out as Christian doctors. When Dr. Robert E. Speer "The aim of all our work," said Dr. Wanless, visited the medical school he found that out of "is by service and message to make clear to our 45 young men students, all but three were Christians. One of these young men said: "Perhaps you wonder why we, who speak nine languages, have gathered here from all the provinces of India. Two things have brought us here-Jesus Christ and Dr. Wanless."

THE CHRISTIAN "WIZARD OF INDIA"

patients and to their friends, that Christ, as the they had no more use for them. Placing these on Great Physician to sin-sick souls, is the real the ground, with profound salaams, the father Founder of the institution that helps their physi- pleaded: "Won't you send a teacher to our vilcal needs." lage. We are very ignorant and wish to be taught more of what we learned at the hospital. We One operative case recalled by Dr. Wanless il- have been in trouble. My son's wife died and we lustrates not only the dire need for medical and wished to have a Christian funeral. You taught us about Christ and His way of living but not A BUSY DAY IN THE CONSULTING ROOM about funerals. We just dug a grave and then we prayed: '0 Jesus, Master, have mercy on us.' surgical help in many parts of India but shows And we used your name also. I hope it was not some of the direct and indirect results of medical wrong. We want to be Christians and have mISSIOns. One afternoon a country bullock cart brought our idols to show that we will not wordrove into the compound; a peculiar cloud seemed ship them again. Please send us a teacher." to extend from the rear of the cart and, on nearer view, this proved to be a huge swarm of When Sir William and Lady Wanless were leavfiies attracted by the foul odor from the patient's ing Miraj for America they were feted by many wound. The young man of about eighteen years friends of all classes. At one of these farewells of age was suffering from a mass gangrene of the the doctor was presented with a silver casket in leg which was literally rotten. He had injured which was an inscribed address which read in his toe and, no doctor being available in his dis- part : "You kept before you two ideals-the glory trict, the wound was bound up in a dirty rag; of the Lord whom you serve and the welfare of gangrene was the result. The father, a decrepit suffering humanity. Your name has become a old man, was driving the springless cart. After household word throughout India and in the mediremoving the foul clothing and using plenty of cal profession, a name to conj ure with; your deodorizing antiseptics, the offending member energy, medical skill and organizing power has was amputated and the young man recovered. built up this institution. India needs such doc- While convalescing he not only received good tors and such missionaries." nourishment and kind treatment but spiritual instruction in which the old father participated. Dr. Wanless' own estimate of the worthwhile- Next the doctor fashioned a pair of crutches with ness of medical missionary work is indicated in his small kit of tools and sent the two away, his farewell words spoken in 1925 when he was grateful and happy. about to return to India for his last term. He said: "As one turns his face to the field, after Some months later when Dr. Wanless was in the district where this family resided, the father OPERATI~G, WITH IKDIAN ASSISTANTS AT MIRAJ and son came to pay their respects. They had walked eight miles that morning-the boy on thirty-six years of service, the question naturally crutches, the old father bent with age-and had arises: Is it worth while? Is the work of sufbrought three gifts: a dozen eggs, a live chicken ficient importance to call one to leave home and and the family idols. This food was a gift out family? I can state that it is an unspeakable of their poverty and the idols were a sign that privilege to return to India to do the work that God gave me to do."

No church and no individual could make a better investment than in such a man as Dr. Wan- less-and thi$ is the man that, humanly speaking, was nearly prevented from going to the field be- cause of lack of a college education, and lack of funds in the mission treasury!

On the Madagascar

By the REV. A. M. CHIRGWIN, M.A., London, England Secretary of the London Missionary Society AFTER a few hours' journey by train, I waists, or along eerie edges, where I held my Ii.. stepped into the arms of a missionary breath. In one place the mountain-side was so friend. "Come along," he said, "the serv- steep that the left-hand side of my filanjana was ice has commenced; they are waiting for your more than a foot higher than the right side, and address!" It was all rather breathless, but who I had to hang on grimly. One slip of the bearers can resist a man like that who never spares him- and I should have gone down an almost vertical self? He would not ask for a rest, and I could drop. In certain places I had to get out and was not either. So in three minutes I was in the carried pick-a-back across some swampy bit or crowded· little church and on my feet giving the through a mountain torrent where the bridge affectionate greetings of the "fathers and moth- was broken.

ers" in England, as an introduction to my ad- Along many of the mountain streams grew dress. taro which I had previously associated only with After the meeting there was a hurried Mala- the Pacific. The plant is like a giant arum lily, gasy meal, with sweet potatoes and manioc, and and has tubers, almost as big as one's head, which then we were off for Ambatolampy-a tiny vil- are used by the Malagasy for food, but rarely by lage of some twenty houses tucked away in the Europeans.

great forest belt, in the Bezanozano country. The At last we reached Ambatolampy, a tiny vil- Bezanozano were originally one of the pure Mala- lage of twenty huts and a diminutive church. For gasy tribes, but, like all others, they are now the last year or two the people had had to face intermingling a good deal. a good deal of opposition, not to say persecution.

We had some hours hard traveling by filanjana Poor, ignorant folk, many had been terrified and over the mountains, nearly all the way being were cowed and bewildered. In October, 1929, through coarse, brittle grass that whipped and they received official word sanctioning Christian cut the bearers' legs. I was told that cattle worship in the place. The little church building starve on that coarse grass. There was scarcely is only the usual reed hut, but because this one a tree all the way; just a wilderness of hills, was to be used as a House of God the people had range upon range, crowned here and there with plastered it with mud and had put in a proper a mighty granite monolith an'd a flat altar stone, door and window frames. Not long afterwards a relic of half-forgotten religious rites and other a minor official came along, accused them of cut- old, unhappy, far-off things. On every hand the ting timbers from the forest for the church, and mountains were scarred and ripped with gullies ordered them to pay the usual $95.00 for a new and ravines like blood-red gashes in human flesh. building. Though they asserted that they had not Up and up we went, by narrow winding paths, cut timber, he would not accept their word. The the men sweating and grunting as they toiled on poor folk were terrified. The sum was quite be- in the pitiless sun. The rise became a climb, and yond them, and in their fear of arrest they turned the climb a scramble, all the time at a crawling to their missionary. He took up the case and it pace. The whole panorama was a wilderness of was still under consideration.

torn and tortured marl, heaped up as though by They welcomed us with almost pathetic eager- some giant convulsion. There was no sign of ness, and the little church was soon crowded.

human habitation; it looked a magnificent deso- After we had spoken a few words about courage lation of green-clad mountains, slashed with terra and endurance and the grace of God, they thanked cotta, inhabited by nothing but solitude. Against us again and again, using picturesque Malagasy the sky-line was a saw-edge of bare and silent phrases. Their chief man said, "You have given peaks, gloomy and forbidding in the distance; us a heart of hope and we want you to assure the while a nearer ridge was dark with forest; that fathers and mothers in England that we will not was our destination. give up. We will remain loyal to our faith."

The path led through swirling mountain- These people had been worshippers for only streams, in which the bearers went down to their eighteen months and in that time they had had [294] TRAVELIlING BY FILAJANIA IN MADAGASCAR more than their share of persecution. Their spir- Before we turned in a string of people came to its had been nearly crushed; but they promised be doctored. One woman had lumbago and anto hold out. other, suffering from elephantiasis, had legs as thick and shapeless as bags of flour; one child My missionary companion, a tireless evangel- had ear-trouble; another had worms; one man ist, showed them two or three large Bible pic- had leprosy, another had smashed his hand with tures, and described these in vivid style. He had an axe. . My companion examined them in the the people enthralled, one moment laughing and dark little hut, felt their pulse, looked at their the next holding their breath in expectancy as he tongues by the light of our single candle, made told them the story of the shepherds on the hills up a few simple medicines, gave them instrucof Bethlehem. They drank in his words and made tions and, since they could not read, he made a score of involuntary ejaculations. A new star them say the instructions again and again till was beginning to swim into the ken of these they had them by heart. I watched, knowing that simple, forest folk. I have rarely seen people I was watching the Gospel in action, and was listen so intently. Grown men 1is~ned with the standing on holy ground. The authentic work of wide-eyed wonder of children. I was witnessing Christian missions still goes on, and people are that solemn aI4' wonderful thing, the birth and being gently led into the Kingdom of God in the growth of souls: heart of the Bezanozanoforest.

After the service, in the falling dusk, we went The next morning we were up at dawn, and to a little reed hut where the people brought us off through the forest, stopping at one or two a meal. There were no plates, forks or spoons, sman vi1lages en route. One' of these had a little just enamel dishes and a knife apiece; but we thatched church which was of unusual interest. were thankful. Then the people asked for another In welcoming us the chief man of the place said meeting, so we went again to the little church and that theirs was a memorial church. Years ago, by the light of a single candle, falling upon white a missionary, when he was dying, stopped his lambas and dark faces, we sang and prayed and palanquin at this village and called the folk round spoke together. Our "hotel" that night was a na- him. Struggling for words and breath he raised tive hut from which the family had turned out himself and 'spoke to them for as long as his to make room for us. A reed hut has this advan- strength remained. Then, when his powers ebbed tage, that its many holes and interstices make and his voice failed, his bearers carried him on ventilation easy! In any case we had our camp- to his home but in a day or two he was dead. beds and mosquito nets and we slept well.

The people were greatly impressed that this eager to learn. There was no missionary whom stranger should give his ebbing strength to preach he could consult, but before long he found him- Christ to them. It made the words sink in; they self building a church, and preparing some of his began to enquire further; and today they have employees for church membership. He was in their own church and pastor, and with fitting every sense a shepherd to his people. gratitude they call it "The Memorial Church." On the occasion of our visit the church was On we pressed through the dense and tangled crowded to its utmost capacity and after speakforest. Suddenly we came upon a large clear- ing to the people, we conducted the first baptising and a village of a type which I had not seen mal service that had ever taken place in the vilbefore. The houses were flimsy affairs of split- lage. Then followed a Communion Service, the bamboo and banana-leaves, raised some two or first ever held in that neighborhood. Sixteen peothree feet from the ground like American ple were received into the church in the sight of "frame" houses. The Betsimisaraka people who a hushed and wondering congregation. Seven had occupied them belonged to one of the most primi- once been members in other parts of the island tive pagan tribes in the island. The place was a and the other nine had been brought up in Chrislumber camp owned by a Hova trader who had tian homes; that, with the teaching from the obtained a concession to cut timber in the forest. "merchant-pastor," was deemed enough. They Because they are the best for such heavy work, answered the questions quite creditably and each he had brought a considerable number of men one could read the Bible. None of the Betsimifrom the Betsimisaraka tribe and settled them in saraka were admitted; for they must receive his lumber camp. Though not a church member, further instruction and remain catechumens for he had been brought up in a Christian home and some months more. gradually the conviction grew in him that it was his duty to provide for the religious needs of his It had been hard to find bread for the Compagan work-people. He felt that it would be to munion Service, for they use only rice, but they his disadvantage if they became Christians since found a few bits of broken biscuit. They drink there would then be no work on Sundays. For a only water or bitter black coffee, but they found time he hesitated but soon began to gather such somewhere an old bottle containing a little fruit as cared to come for such Christian instruction juice which, greatly diluted, was used for wine. as he was able to give. The numbers grew; his It was a primitive but a wonderful service. There teaching began to bear fruit; the people were were people taking their first trembling Christian steps in the midst of that clearing in the forest; A TYPICAL VILLAGE SCENE IN MADAGASCAR

PIONEERING ON THE MADAGASCAR UPLANDS

farther back in the church were the catechumens their evening rice. Once I took the heavy pole looking on with awe and wide-eyed wonder. Those and joined the women pounding the rice in the Betsimisaraka people are naturally a little coarse, large wooden mortar. How they laughed, and but there was a stillness that we could almost when I failed to bring the pole down precisely in feel; something like an angel's wing moved over the middle-a feat which every little girl early the hearts of all. There were moments when learns-they would probably talk and laugh about neither my companion nor I could trust ourselves it for days and weeks to come. They are like to speak. We knew that we were gazing with un- children and find endless amusement in little covered eyes upon "the many splendored thing." things. Primitive and ungroomed perhaps, but simple and lovable-of such is the kingdom. The "merchant-pastor," who had prepared him- WHERE A CHURCH HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED IN A MALAGASY VILLAGE self at the same time, was received into the church In the evening we were told of the arrival of side by side with his spiritual children, and that seven people who had been too far away in the little group of seeking folk advanced into the forest to get to the church in time to be baptized. kingdom together. In that clearing in the for- They had tramped for hours, and as there was est, a church was born and we went out with our no knowing when next a missionary would come hearts strangely warmed for the Lord had been that way, they urged that we should baptize them known to us in the breaking of the bread. that night. So in a native hut, by the light of a single flickering flame, we put the water of bap- We wandered round the little village and chat- tism on them. Then we went to the hut in which ted with the friendly people, who laugh light- we were to sleep, talked about the day's doings, heartedly and long at even the smallest thing. We prayed together, and the day of wonder ended, went into their little one-roomed huts and watched but the work continues to bear fruit. them weaving grass mats on the floor or cooking Under Christ's leadership we have come to think of the salvation of society as well as of individuals. If Christ means enough to us we can make Him mean enough to others. If He means enough to a sufficient number of men and women in North America, the entire life of our nation can be changed and the problems that seem too overwhelming can be solved. Such is the faith of missionary workers. Do those who cannot do much proclaiming of the Gospel, live so that the message that their lives proclaim will count in"bringing about the transformation of the world?

I Saw in

A Recent Letter, Written from Berlin By DR. CONRAD HOFFMAN, JR.

Director of Jewish Work, International Missionary Council POLAND is an armed camp. Fear stalks the na, Lwow (Lemberg) and Lodz. A westerner land for Poland is between two evils-Bolshe- cannot imagine the conditions without seeing vism on the east, revengeful Germany on the them. The slums of London and the tenements west. In trains, on the streets, everywhere, the of New York offer no comparison. One mother military is in prominence; and sooner or later with six children, the oldest probably twelve, ofthe power in that military force will demand ac- fered us all of them if only we would take them tion. Virile men will not play indefinitely at war; out of her sight; she could no longer bear the they will demand the real thing. sight of their hungry faces and starving bodies. The family was living in one room-no water, One is aware of a new spirit in the land which no toilets-more like a dilapidated barn than a was not present two years ago. A sense of being rather than becoming exists. human habitation. An 0 the r Pride rather than bravado pre- widow with five children all in vails. Reasoned conviction has Why does fear stalk the one room had sublet part of land in Poland? Here is a replaced the wild exultation that room to an old Jewish and reckless enthusiasm of a graphic picture of conditions couple, to help secure the rent.

few years back. The Poles have in one European country The old man sat on a bench, in settled down to real work; where militarism prevails and a stupor, no work, weak from they are no longer like children hunger.

celebrating a victory. where anti-Semitism flour- Another mother remarked . Anti-Semitism-of which the ishes. Is the situation hope- she loved to go to the Christian Jewish press is full-is largely less? Read what a keen mission center for there she confined to the university cen- Christian observer has to say found friendly faces and clean ters; from these it occasion- of his recent experiences. environment, beautiful songs ally bubbles over to the general What is the hope for Europe? and sunshine; she could for public. Third-class travel by the time being forget the trag- night reveals the absence of edy and sordidness and hope- anti-Jewish discrimination among the travellers lessness of her life. On Friday eve, it was who represent the common people. Orthodox Jews pathetic to see the futile attempts of the more crowd the coaches with their non-Jewish neigh- orthodox to clean up in preparation for the sab- bors, helping each other with their big bundles bath. In a basement room the woman had and baggage of merchandise. scrubbed the floors, -a good many boards of The clericals-certain members of the Catholic which had rotted away exposing the dirt-gunny Church and largely the clergy itself-are behind sack mats were strewn around, a linen sheet- much of the university anti-Semitism; the stu- grayish with dirt-on the table. Her life was a dents being used as pawns to force the Govern- battle against filth and dirt. She complained that ment to do the clericals' bidding. The clergy the kehillah (Jewish Relief) had given them no objected to the recent civil marriage laws and wood this winter and laughed about her children's demanded their suspension. The Government re- delight over their camp visit last summer. Talk fused. The clericals retaliated by fomenting anti- about heroism! We in America complain if we Semitism. The Government replied by withdraw- do not have hot running water at all hours of ing autonomy and extraterritorial rights from the the day, or do not have fresh butter and several universities. The stUdents struck in opposition changes of clothes. It would seem like sacrilege to this action. The Government closed the univer- to talk to these people about the love of God un- sities. And so on, as though it were a game of tag. less one had profoundest conviction and assur- The poor Jews are the scapegoats. They are ance of that love. The miracle is that hope is poor, horribly so. Never have I seen such inde- still alive here. They do believe in God and hope scribable misery as among the poor Jews of Wil- for a better tiine for Israel.

[298]

WHAT I SAW IN POLAND

And then the synagogues! Amazing reminis- Present efforts are so hopelessly inadequate, cences of antiquity and the Orient; living still many of the missionaries so pitifully weak and in Old Testament days and ways. One cannot ofttimes petty! The rabbis I have spoken to are imagine the reality without seeing it. A Chas- so responsive, so genuine. Difficulties there are; sidic renaissance! Little dark rooms jammed full in Lodz missiles were hurled at us as we passed with worshipping Jews. In their prayer-shawls, through the ghettos; the Jews were antagonized greasy with age and wear, some with the fellim by the unfortunate method of approach to them (phylacteries), bobbing up and down in discord- by a local missionary who thinks he is doing a ant prayer; boys squeezed in between and com- good work by thus fomenting trouble. pletely hidden from view. Literally hundreds of Jews in a room so closely packed that when you In provincial towns literally hundreds of Jews push one, the whole room is set in motion. A crowd the Christian churches to hear the visiting squirming mass-the air thick enough to cut. missionary; this in spite of the threats of the And among them some wonderfully fine patri- rabbis. They buy up so much literature that suparchial types with luminous eyes revealing deep plies brought along are quickly exhausted. It is spirituality. I crowded my way in ;-who was I? as though Pentecost were repeating itself. And An American and a Christian! Wonder of won- the Church at home is prejudiced against Jewish ders. The boys stood gaping at me as though I missions because of unfortunate mistakes of the were an American Indian with war paint, feath- past. ers and tomahawk! The old men came eagerly to shake hands. No opposition; no rejection but In Germany anti-Semitism is synonymous with awesome acceptance! A new day! Truly the Protestantism. A feeling of inner spiritual ties harvest is ripe. If only we had the right leader- with Catholicism is growing among German ship, now! Jews, who regard Catholicism as Christian but Protestantism as having sold its soul to the Gov- And then the meetings in the missions. In ernment. Warsaw, two years ago, Jews came in such crowds to hear evangelistic talks, that many were Do you wonder that I am eager, anxious, deturned away. Today similar crowds continue to termined and more convinced than ever of the come, arriving an hour before the meetings. Evi- need of our work? I wish you could have heard dence that the interest was not a momentary the rabbi with whom I spoke this morning. Sinfancy or novelty, but is of lasting power. It is cere, appreciative of Jesus Christ, and of sincere easy to get crowds. What have we to offer! Christians carrying on Jewish missions; recog- nizing Jews who through sincere conviction come I am more convinced than ever that ours is an to a faith in Christ; regarding good-will inadeorganized church responsibility. It is criminal quate and convinced we must grapple honestly to leave the work to unrelated spasmodic indi- with the religious factor and our differences in vidual efforts, effective as these may be. faith and must face the essential fact of faith in God through Jesus Christ.

WAR A SIGN OF WEAKNESS By RAMSAY MACDoNALD, British Prime ll1inister War is a failure, not a triumph, of government. It is a waste of national wealth; so far from securing peace it defeats every influence that makes for the world settlement and world agreement.

The Western Hemisphere may imagine that it can keep out of a European war, but when the war is over, with all its destruction of life and civilization, then there will be smokeless factories in the Western Hemisphere; there will be grain rotting in its fields because the people who were to command labor and use the labor of America will be lying rotting corpses under the ruins of the destroyed buildings of the cities of the East..

War benefits nobody, therefore the British Government and every enlightened government in the world have declared that they will do their best to make war unthinkable and an impossibility.

But I must say this by way of warning-no one country can secure peace. Peace is an international venture. Great Britain cannot disarm whilst other countries are arming. Great Britain cannot trust to security of peace and cooperation and goodwill whilst other countries are pursuing an opposite policy in an opposite spirit. Therefore the question of Geneva is this, do we trust each other enough? Are we going to pursue our problems in the spirit of goodwill and with the determination to cooperate in order to secure peace rather than to arm against each other?

a Million Korean

By the REV. WILLIAM NEWTON BLAIR, D.D., Pyengyang, Korea Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

BEYOND question the stability of the Church depends more on week by week instruction and faithful shepherding than on extraor- dinary revival effort. For this reason in Korea, we lay emphasis above everything else on faithful church attendance throughout the year, and on daily Bible study and prayer, in addition to the larger Bible Study Classes for the instruction of the whole Church.

But, along with the regular program we have found that it is exceedingly helpful to have spe- cial revival seasons and an occasional program of evangelistic effort that will capture the imagi- nation and enlist the enthusiastic cooperation of the whole Church.

Practically everyone of the Presbyterian churches has an effective revival meeting at least once a year in connection with an annual Bible Class. As far as possible all the members of the Church lay aside their ordinary work and spend one week, from early morning until late at night in prayer and Bible study and in a special effort to reach the unsaved.

At different times in the past, the whole Church has been strengthened as the result of revivals that have come either spontaneously or as the result of definite planning and prayer. The Spirit of God evidently works both ways; sometimes like a sudden rushing of a mighty wind that blow- eth as it listeth, but more often as the quiet, steady breathing, in season and out of season.

Life is in the seed that is broadcast with care and a harvest follows the definite preparation of FORWARD MOVEMENT POST'ER, ANNOUNCING THE soil. SEVEN POINT PROGRAM For two years the Presbyterian and Methodist 1. Oct. 16 to Nov. 26; for six weeks in every church churches, which compose more than nine-tenths the study of a booklet on "How To Bring Men To Christ" of the Protestant force of Korea, have been fol- prepared by Mr. M. B. Stokes, a Southern MethQdist mislowing a common revival program and it is to sionary of unusual evangelist experience and spirit. last one year longer. These two denominations are working side by side in cooperative effort, 2. Nov. 27; "Decision Day" throughout Korea, when each in its own territory, and are carrying for- every Christian was asked to decide upon three nonChris- tian friends for whose conversion he would wQrk and pray.

ward the present evangelistic campaign each in 3. From Dec. 1 till spring, each church was asked to its own way. The main features of the program hold an evangelistic service every Sunday evening and to were decided upon in conference by the revival especially invite nonChristians to attend. committees of the two churches. This year we are following a common schedule of dates and 4. Late in December, the distribution to every home in activities and especially prepared literature. The Korea as far as possible of a short "Life of Christ" as a seven point program, is now being carried out Christmas gift from the church. throughout Korea: 5. The organization of "Follow-Up" bands of volunteer workers to visit each church and in conjunction with the members of the church to call Qn all who have received [300] A PRES BYTER,IA N PYEN GYANG BIBLE CLA SS FOR COUNTRY W OME N the "Life of Christ" booklets; holding revival services in veal the total result of this country-wide distributhe evening, special effort being made to sell copies of the tion of God's Word. The books were gratefully Gospels in connection with these meetings. received and are being read everywhere.

6. Each church in the country to have at least one week The largest Bible Study Class ever held has of revival services sometime during the year. just been held in Pyengyang, where 950 women studied for one week. So many women attend 7. Continued and earnest prayer throughout the Church that it is necessary to divide the class and hold for God's blessing on the campaign. one especially for country women. They enrolled 1,200 last year and the attendance is over 1,700 This program is being carried out in over 3,000 this year. Each of the six main divisions in this Presbyterian and Methodist churches. While it class has to be subdivided several times, and the is too early yet to determine the permanent re- groups meet in three school buildings during the sults, we know .that evangelistic effort has been day. Three large chapel rooms are crowded at increased many fold and that large numbers of five-thirty each morning for the early prayer new believers have already come and are still services and at night two thousand women ascoming into the churches everywhere. semble in the West Gate Church. Men are not invited because there is no room for them. The "Life of Christ" booklets are made up of selections from the Gospels (largely from Mark), Nearly all of the fifty churches in my own field put together in seven chapters, with verse num- report a large increase in attendance. As one bers and references omitted. One million four result seven of the fifty churches are planning to hundred thousand copies of this booklet were erect larger buildings this spring. These days of printed and carefully distributed by individual world-wide disturbance have brought continued Christian workers, one copy each to non-Chris- blessing to Korea. We suffer greatly from finantian homes, with an explanation of the purpose cial depression and unrest and ominous clouds and spirit of the gift and an invitation to become darken the horizon but the Church of Christ con- tinues to move steadily forwarcf. a Christian.* The Judgment Day alone will re- • The Scr ipture Gift Mission of Engl a nd , provided for 2p2ou0~0d0s0, copies ot the " Life of Ch ris,t" hy a g ift of one hundred The r emain ing 1,118,000 copies were paid tor by the various mis- sions and Individual missionaries and the Korean churches.

HOW THE GOSPEL SPREADS IN CHOSEN of Jesus and she knew not who He was or what When the Rev. Harry J. Hill, of Pyengyang, believing in Him meant. But she began to inquire Korea, set out on an evangelistic trip to visit the district of Koksan, away in the mountains, a few of others in the village. Some thought her crazy, of the items that made up the load he took along are :-army cot, bedding freshly covered others had heard the Name but knew only that to stand hard usage (it goes pony back part of the way), wash bowl, cooking utensils, eating the worship was opposed to evil spirits and would utensils, sufficient food to last for two and a half weeks two meals a day (Korean food one meal a bring down the wrath of the village demons! In day se~ms to be as much as he can keep well on) ; grape Jelly enough to make into communion wine spite of much reviling she persisted in her search for all the groups to be visited, for every service closes with the Lord's Supper; tracts and por- and finally found a family who six years before tions of Scripture, church rolls, water bottle needed clothing, Bible-study outlines, Korean and had moved to this valley from a neighborhood English Bibles and hymn book, etc. where there was a "Jesus church." They had at- One group of Christians who were visited on this first trip is interesting. The first we heard of tended services, bought a Bible and hymn book, them from a colporteur and later more details came from the "saxi" (young woman) who fig- and had realized that it was "good to believe in ures most in the story. Cha Yong Wha, eighteen years old, grew up in a very isolated village, Jesus." In the intervening years in a heathen that was zealous in demon worship. A year or so ago she and her sister were taken sick with some community they had forgotten much and drifted strange disease, and tried in vain to appease the village demons. Years before, when she was a away from that beginning of faith. The girl's mere child, Cha Yong Wha had heard her uncle, not a Christian himself, tell of someone who had inquiries, "Who is this Jesus?" "How does one been healed of this same disease by believing in Jesus. This was the only time she had ever heard believe in Him?" stirred them up and they brought out the Bible and shared with the eager inquirer that precious Word of Life. It was sug- gested that they worship together regularly. It was not long before the girl and her sister both recovered.

Then, in the providence of God, the colporteur- evangelist came to this village with his pack of Bibles and Gospels and the love of Jesus in his heart. He was entertained at Chang Yong Wha's house. As a result members of seven families have accepted Christ and another lighthouse is "holding forth the Word of Life." Yong Wha came down to Pyengyang to study for a month in the Bible Institute. MARY HILL.

SOME IDEAS OF KOREAN YOUTH I aMlnodndrAeaTh~ghgrlO~oKvuUepSn. .omTfghwMaiedt~eot-lha~ewoWaglkFenen~tlyedora,unnsSwgeeormsuelo.nf, Tmhe~l~rbeartstenotfiothneisSogoivPeynotoKyao English Bible sCulbajsse~tKso-reeca~nmomeiects ever ' wide range of socii!

r01n e orea Ulswn w . thIS group will prove of interest to all Christian workers -Rep'rinted .

THE KIND OF A PASTOR KOREAN YOUNG A YOUNG MAN AS A GOOD CHURCH PEOPLE WISH MEMBER 1. A pastor who has the experience of the living 1. He must be a regular church attendant. Christ. 2. Cooperate with his pastor in order to build the 2. One who knows the needs of young people and best church. can answer them. 3. He must be liberal in financial help and generous 3. One who is a devout, faithful follower of Christ. in dealing with faults. 4. A man of Christlike love and sympathetic unde,r- 4. He must be willing to work with others in hu- standing. mility. 5. One who realizes the need of good books and 5. He must have faith in and loyalty to Jesus Christ who is willing to sacrifice in order to get and a personal experience of Him. them. 6. One who knows modern social and economic prob- 6. He must fulfil obligations assigned to him. lems and who is trying to find some way to solve them. 7. He must read the Bible, pray and study the mean- 7. One who maintains a proper balance between the ing of spiritual things. old tradition and modern ways. 8. One who has good health, a commanding presence 8. He must realize the importance of the Church as and a good voice. an organization to fight evil. 9. One who can lead others to Christ. 10. Tho:ugh a man of high ideals he must be prac- 9. He must have the missionary spirit and a loving tlCal and able to work out these ideals in attitude towards non-Christians in order to every day life, not merely seeing the im- lead them to Christ. portance of the future life hut also of the here and now. 10. He must practice following our LOl'd's words.

or Victory in India?*

By the REV. J. F. EDWARDS, Poona, India Editor of the Dnyanodaya, a Union Christian Weekly THE spirit of defeatism that seems to prevail to create the situation, while at the same time a in some quarters regarding the missionary great challenge arises for Christian Missions to situation in India, has various possible ex- buy up this opportunity for the Kingdom of planations. It probably arises in some quarters Christ. India's far-reaching religious revolution owing to the series of financial "cuts" to which brings a twofold challenge to Christian Missions the work and the workers have been subjected. -from Indian Christianity on the one hand and In some cases it is probably due to the political from Indian nationality on the other. In both obsession regarding the land's political destiny. these realms, Indian Christianity and Indian Pa- With others it may be traceable to the ,fact that triotism, let us see what has been done and how criticism of missionaries and the Christian to accomplish what still remains to be done.

Church has become much more vocal in recent India's Pentecost Without Parallel years, a situation which is much healthier than when opinion is repressed. But whatever the rea- The Christian achievements of the past decade son for the spirit of defeatism in so many Chris- in India give cause for ecstatic praise. Before the tian quarters regarding India, we are certain this last Indian census was taken the present writer spirit is utterly unjustifiable and we present a ventured to predict, on the basis of published few facts showing how unjustifiable it is. facts, that the census figures would reveal that We missionaries and Indian Christian leaders during the previous ten years there had been ten are so absorbed in the daily round of duty that thousand new converts won for Christ every the dust of the conflict is in danger of blinding us month. The 1931 census figures return over six to the astonishing progress of the cause of Jesus and a quarter millions of Christians, the exact Christ in India. Weare really taking part in one figures being 6,296,763. This means that well of the biggest situations, if not the biggest situa- over a million and a quarter were won for Christ tion of all, in the history of Christendom. Three during the decade, or more than 150,000 a year, or revolutions are going on simultaneously in India, more than twelve thousand every month. The calculated to affect India's whole future, namely, intensive process leads one to expect a great ac- the political revolution, the social and religious celeration in the rate of increase, and our great revolution that is convulsing Indian society to its concern must never be for numbers but always depths, and the revolution concerning the basic for spiritual quality. At the same time it is "as ideals and methods of Christian Missions. The unwise to ignore numbers as to over-emphasize first and second we do not propose to discuss, them." When we remember that the percentage save to say that we agree with Mr. J. Coatman's of increase among Hindus was only 10.4 and that observation that "dogmatism in Indian political among Moslems only 13 per cent, while the Chris- affairs requires ignorance, more or less complete, tian rate of increase was 32.5, truly there is as its basis." "amazing ground for thanksgiving." This in- The Challenge of Indian Christianity crease, be it remembered, was maintained through ten of the stormiest years India has known.

India's religious revolution brings us face to Over twelve thousand won for Jesus Christ face with one of the very greatest Christian situa- every month during such a decade, means that tions in history. "Here is the opportunity, prayed Indian Christianity is passing through a veritable for, for more than a century," says the Indian Pentecost, for which history itself provides no Bishop of Dornakal, regarding one aspect of the parallel. The success of Christian Missions in revolution, the caste movement in South India. India has been so striking that we shall need far "Should we allow a passing financial depression more convincing reasons than have thus far been to come in the way of our obeying these calls?" assigned by any Commission to lead us to believe This unique situation presents untold encourage- that missionary aims and methods need the radi- ment to Christian Missions, for these have helped cal alteration suggested by the Report of the Ap- * Abbreviated, from the Dnyan@daya, February 23, 1933. praisers. Let it not be forgotten that in recent [303]

years there has been on the one hand such a grow- mate interviews, Dr~Jones was assured that when ing insistence on the importance of genuine and India comes to adopt the Ceylon practice of new enduring missionary work, and on the other hand converts remaining in their own homes, there will such a constant process of readjustment and adap- in all probability be a very great increase in the tation to new conditions, that one of the most number of confessed disciples of Jesus Christ who observant of editors, among those whom we call now are doing their Christian praying in secret. non-Christian, has stated that no other organiza- So widely and so profoundly is Christ revered that tion he knew was so honest with itself and so con- reliable judges affirm all such barriers to an open stantly and thoroughly introspective as to its confession in domestic circles may be removed methods as was the organization of Christian Mis- within twenty-five years. sions. Christ and Indian Students Indian Christianity, however, cannot be fully measured by its six and a quarter millions of pro- Among Indian students the uniqueness of Jesus fessed adherents. Just as neither Joseph of Christ is so increasingly believed that, as one Arimathea nor Nicodemus was numbered among thoughtful student expressed it, there is a growthe open disciples of Jesus during His days on ing dislike to allow His Name to be mixed up with earth, but were the two who remained near Him current political controversy, with communalism to the end to bury the Crucified Lord, so in India or with communism. The students connected with today there are large numbers who daily read the the Hindu university of the most sacred city of Bible and pray to Christ in secret. Indeed we Hinduism made a request to the Hindu Principal believe that the number of these exceeds the num- that Dr. Jones be invited to give a lecture under ber of those returned as Christians in the census. the university auspices and on its premises. The Some criticisms give the impression that Chris- Hindu principal not only granted their request tian missionaries in India not only report all their but said that he himself would preside. At the success, but are in danger of magnifying them. close of Dr. Jones' lecture on the value and power There are facts in our possession, as doubtless of Christ for India the principal stated that he there are in the possession of Christian editors in could not claim the chairman's usual privilege of other parts of India, showing that some of the differing from the lecturer, "For," said he with most important results of Christian work are pur- emphasis, "what Dr. Jones has been saying is calposely withheld from the public press and from culated to help us greatly." This emphatic remark missionary reports. In one center alone we know of the Hindu chairman was of special significance of three baptisms from highborn Indian families, in light of the fact that the All-India Inter-Uniand on each occasion we were urged not to pub- versity Debate had been held shortly before in lish a word on the subject. Benares on the subject: "In the opinion of this House, religion is a great obstacle to the develop- Jesus Christ in India's Heart ment of a healthy and vigorous growth of Indian nationalism, hence it should be abolished." Such There is an increasing amount of striking evi- a debate had shown what is the growing attitude dence of the fact that all over India Jesus Christ of Indian students to the ancestral religions of the is winning His way into the Indian mind and heart. This is the testimony of Dr. Stanley Jones land. as the result of his recent visits to a number of One of our British missionary readers, well the chief Indian centers. In every place he presented Jesus Christ as the one and only Hope of known everywhere in Wetsern India, writes to Asia and he had an astonishingly encouraging say: "What a pitiful thing it seems to us who are response to his definite appeals for surrender to close up to the facts that a Commission of Chris- Christ as the only Saviour from sin. Many of these tian men (and women) should agree to issue lectures were attended by some of the most distin- statements that would deprive us of any justificaguished Indians in the land. It is our growing tion for being in India at all. What a glorious conviction that large numbers of educated people privilege to be singing and preaching the Gospel in every part of India secretly regard themselves as we are doing here to numbers who are listenas followers of Jesus Christ and live as conscien- ing as I have never known Indian audiences to tious a life of prayer to Him as do His openly pro- listen before." The writer of those words has fessed disciples. In one province alone, numbers won the right to speak by the fact that he has of Indian officials are so classified, In many inti- been working in Western India villages for nearly forty years.

Pastors Discuss

By the REV. HUGH VERNON WHITE, D.D., Boston, Mass.

Secretary of Education, American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions T HE value of the round table discussion con- ever questions members of the group may pro- sists chiefly in the fact that, when success- pose, will usually result in aimlessness. fully carried out, it constitutes real group thinking. My own experience during the past two 3. The leader should be able, after one or two years has convinced me that such discussion is of points have been made in his introductory ad,.. much greater value than formal public addresses. dress, to admit interruptions in the form of re- There is a degree of passivity on the part of those sponse to his statements. If these responses are to the point they usually lead on to things the who listen to a speech. The psychology of the leader wishes to bring out. If much of what he round table is different; each planned to say can come out in member of the group may be, open discussion it is better than and many do in fact become, The human leadership of to give it in a continuous adact i v e participants in the each church rests, or should dress. thinking that is going on. In rest, with the pastor. If he is the give and take of discussion a man of low spiritual life, 4. The genuineness of this ideas are explored, deeper little education, or narrow process depends u po n the meanings are developed, and vision, his congregation will leader keeping an open mind formulated difficulties come to naturally be of the same cal~ and letting the group really expression and often find solu- pibreier.st!' "LIfikhee ispteroupllye, a mliakne develop the thought with him. of God, with a vital Christian If he has any axe to grind, any tion. message, the gift of leadership Coming from the pastorate and a heart and vision that special pleading to make, or reaches out to all in need, any dogmatic barriers to new and being plunged into the cur- then his church will not only ideas, the discussion may derent thought regarding foreign grow in numbers and charac~ velop into an argument or demissions, I have been aston- ter but his congregation will bate but will not be creative. ished to find how vitally for- be a working force for the eign missions are integrated osathlvearsti.onReaanddwhenatliDstmr. eWnthiotef There are new ideas emerginto all aspects of Christian and Dr. McAfee say about ing in r~Iigion. On the mis- how pastors respond to the sion field these ideas are rethought and living. A free dis- responsibility for arousing cussion with ministers makes missionary interest in their ceiving their most clear-cut this apparent and tends to give and concrete formulation. A them a sense of the reality and churches. forum on foreign missions may intimacy of missions as a part be the most vital point in our of their own Christian service. church life for clear thinking, for the deepening of spiritual They come to see that no es- life and the creation of a gensential problem confronts the uinely evangelical spirit. But foreign missionary which does not in some form such a forum must keep close to realities and be confront the minister in his parish. unafraid of clear and critical thinking.

Some factors in the successful conduct of group I have found that, starting with the same body discussion are important to its greatest value: of thought and encouraging a free criticism and 1. The leader must have clear in his own mind discussion, no two groups go in exactly the same the points or ideas he wishes to have considered, direction. There are certain main points that and be able to present them freely and informally. usually come up for further consideration, but 2. General discussion should be preceded by new ideas and new slants on old ideas are always the leader's presentation of a body of thought appearing. I am convinced that one of our great- which will constitute the focus and point of de- est needs today is clear doctrinal thinking. This parture for what follows. The mere stating of is peculiarly the case as regards foreign misquestions by the leader, or entertaining of what- sions. It happens that I hold a thoroughly lib- [305]

eral point of view and present the concept and to do less. I find no serious question in these validity of foreign missions upon that basis. I groups regarding the Jerusalem statement: "Our have not found that theological liberalism and Message is Jesus Christ." boldness tend to lessen interest in missions. Indeed, for many, it alone can sustain that interest. 3. There is some question about the collateral methods of our work, especially the increased But, whether liberal or conservative, the min- complexity of our program. A number of these isterial leaders of our churches need to think conferences revealed a confusion of mind about through the relation of missionary effort to the the vast range of missionary institutions and procentral principle and the motivating spirit of our grams. There seems a very general feeling that Christian faith. The human appeal and the dra- the evangelistic or direct appeal ought to be inmatic presentation of missionary work are indis- creased. pensable for the church at large. But strong conviction based on clear thinking is needed for 4. There is some inquiry about the ability of vigorous support of missions from the pulpit. the Nationals on the mission fields to take over Intimate discussion with groups of ministers the work. This seems especially to apply to those from five to fifty furnishes about the best stimu- who know the older fields and wonder whether lus to this clarification of thought and conviction the time has not come for the transfer of much that I know. Incidentally it is a vastly interest- of the responsibility to the Nationals. Few of the ing and rewarding experience for the secretary groups seem to know how much of this is being who leads it. done; others fail to realize how vast is the field left for the National Church if it is turned over Impressions from Pastors and Elders to them and they need to see how devolution leaves abundant tasks for the missionary force. By the REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D.D., New York 5. There is some discussion about the possi- Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian bility of effective cooperation on the field among Church, U. S. A. Christian forces with divergent beliefs. It ap- years that confidence in cooperation plans is not My experience in conferences of pastors and uniform. Some wish cooperation pushed much elders has been varied. I have learned that it is farther and would welcome the absorption of debetter to weigh opinions than to count the people nominational administration into an interdenomiwho are there. With that in mind let me put national agency. Others are strongly opposed to down a few impressions. anything of the kind. It is on the whole the most confused single item of my conferences. 1. There seems little question in the groups which I have met about the fundamental duty of 6. Criticism of missionary personnel is for the foreign missions. This is taken for granted, and most part resented. This is always accompanied an increased knowledge of the world has not by a recognition that there are faulty missionraised in the minds of those who come to such aries, as there are faulty workers at home, and conferences any question about the duty of mak- that various tests applied to missionaries might ing Christ known everywhere. reveal various levels of attainment. There is an almost universal assertion, however, that the mis- 2. There seems little question about the funda- sIonary force is the best selected and the most mental message to be given. Some of the people effective in our entire Christian enterprise. present feel that we ought to do more in the application of our faith and some think we ought A LAYMEN'S VIEW OF LEADERSHIP The world is not going to be stormed into religiousness; but it may be shepherded there. Let individual pastors become dominated by the conviction that they are the Church's real leaders-endowed with the Spirit; ordained by the Church and commissioned by God-and they will slough off the "inferiority complex" which makes them so docile and deferential toward professional "leaders," who are leading nowhere. One definite remedy for the present inertia in Christian activity would be to declare a moratorium for a few years upon professional "leadership." Suppose every church and clergyman should decide to ignore the very existence of all the super-salaried secretaries and causes and organizations and "movements"-outside of the normal denominational life- and devote themselves wholly to aggressive activity in their own local fields.

Would not the result be a new sense of dignity and responsibility and power for every pastor; who would then know that whatever leadership in religion comes to his community is dependent upon him and his fellow ministers, as led by the Spirit of God? In a word, the Church already has leaders, except where the shepherds have become sheep. Once let them reRum<> th<> pastoral Rtaff and the Church will soon be able to exult, in the words of Deborah's song': "For that the leaders took the lead in Israel, For that the people offered themselves willingly, Bless ye Jehovah." -Willimn T. Ellis, LL.D.

New Lessons in

i By PROF. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE, -..~ I New Haven, Conn.

Author of "The History of Christian Missions in China"

W ORKING as they are in the midst of a To be sure, the picture is far from being en- rapidly changing world, Christian mis- tirely dark. Any of us can cite enough splendid sions must repeatedly make readjust- exceptions and point to sufficient evidences of ments in their policies and programs. Almost progress to make us all thank God and take cour- inevitably so widespread a movement tends to be- age. It is probably, however, that our gravest come institutionalized and, as a whole, to lag problems lie in these young Christian communisomewhat behind the march of events. While we ties.

vigorously dissent from some of the basic ideas The problems are serious because the continu- and findings of "Re-Thinking Missions," the fact ing witness to the Christian Gospel in India, Bur- remains that the volume contains s'uggestions ma, China and Japan, as in the United States, which may be of real help to the missionary enter- must be found in some kind of forward moving prise. The Laymen's Inquiry and its Commission Christian community. From the beginning of the on Appraisal have done a great service in urging modern Protestant missionary movement declara- on the Protestant Church the importance of fac- tions have been repeatedly made that the task of ing certain specific situations and problems and in the missionary is in part to make himself unneces- suggesting possible solutions. To be sure, they sary. We have said almost ad nauseam that the have brought forward very little that was not foreign mission boards must seek to bring into previously known to those familar with the facts. existence self-governing, self-supporting and self- The very absence of novelty in most of the defects propagating churches. Often it has been insisted pointed out and the solutions proposed, makes it that these churches need not, and should not be particularly imperative that we take heed to the exact reproductions of their parents in the West, findings so frankly put forward. If we seek to but that in each land followers of Christ should dodge any of the issues raised on the ground that so make the Gospel their own that, while remain- we have long been aware of them or cannot en- ing in spiritual fellowship with the Church unitirely agree with the form in which they have versal, they should express their faith in institu- been phrased, the enterprise for which we are tions adapted to the needs of their particular trustees may suffer harm. communities.

In the judgment of the present writer, the most Nor has the dream failed of some degree of sobering of the criticisms are those which are realization. In each of the lands visited the Apmade of the younger churches which the mission- praisers found noble Christian lives and many ary enterprise has helped to found on the mission congregations and groups of congregations which fields. The weakness which the perpetuation of for vitality, awareness of the needs of the comsectarian differences has brought about; the fail- munities around them, and active attempts to ure of some of these churches to win the younger meet those needs, will stand comparison with ingeneration and even to hold many of the children dividual sister Christian communities in the West. of their own members; their perpetuation of imported foreign expressions of their faith in hym- Yet the fact remains that in the main forms of nology, order of service and architecture; the piti- missionary activity we have come short of our fully weak character of so much of the theological professed goal in assisting to establish what we education; the appalling failure in numbers of have chosen to call "indigenous churches." Traregions to attract and hold in the Christian min- ditionally, the chief channels through which Protistry any considerable proportion of the ablest of estant missions have sought to serve the peoples the Christian youth; and the paralysis and para- to whom they have gone have been schools, medisitism wrought in so many congregations by the cine, literature, and what in its largest implicaunwise dependence on foreign financial subsidies tions we have termed evangelism. In education -these defects are all too familiar to those who and medicine. we have made outstanding contribuhave been intimately in touch with the work of the tions. In India, Burma, China and Japan, as in other lands, mission schools have played a large Church abroad. part in introducing Western education and in [307]

moulding the new educational systems. In some nearly adapted to local needs and with the com- of these countries, notable China, the missionary bination or elimination of many existing institu- physician has been largely responsible for the tions.

emergence of a modern, scientifically trained med- In the third place, we must deal more realisti- ical profession. In literature, the missionary has cally and persistently with the problem of the type made notable contributions, particularly in the of professional leadership which will both bring very early days. In the translation and distribu- the vision and training required by the churches tion of the Bible, he continues to fill an important and whose financial support can be compassed by function. For centuries to come, China, Japan, the Christian communities without foreign finan- India and Africa will be profoundly different be- cial assistance. This is one of the most perplexing cause of the presence of the missionary in the days problems of all and the resulting pastoral institu- of the coming of Western culture. Yet in all three tion may prove very different from that to which of these functions the place of the missionary is we have been traditionally accustomed in the Oc- transient. In general education, in medicine and cident. Fortunately experiments in this direction in literature, the institutions established by him have been made in several fields, some of them are decreasingly prominent. At a pioneer of these over the course of many years, and a few of them phases of Occidental civilization he has performed with considerable success.

an immense service. In all of them he still has a In the fourth place, we must deal more intelli- place, but this, while important, seems destined to gently and heroically with the use of foreign funds be decreasingly so. In India, China and Japan we than we have yet done in all but a fraction of the have reached the stage, in some regions years ago, area which we have sought to cover. This will in which the "indigenous" churches must bear undoubtedly mean the cutting off of many sub- most of the brunt of continuing and strengthening sidies (usually a wholesome deflation).

the Christian witness in the life of the nation. It In the last place, and always, we must seek to is precisely in nourishing such communities that remember that no mechanics or institution, no we seem to have been least successful. matter how intelligently devised, can be a substi- . What, then, shall we do? First of all we must tute for life-the life which is the fruit of the concentrate more on the task of reenforcing these Spirit. If that life is to be realized we must, as ongoing Christian communities. In these days of the Laymen's Commission has rightly reminded declining and stationary incomes and missionary us, seek to appoint as missionaries only those who staffs, we must sacrifice first those institutions have found its secret and give promise of trans- which contribute least to the achievement of this mitting it. For the next few years financial lim- goal. Among these will be many of our schools, itations will probably prevent us from sending where the proportion of the student body which is out as many missionaries as often as in the past.

Christian is very small and where the positive con- We must see that those who go are the very best, tribution to the production of Christian character, the most spiritually alive, and that they have been is slight. given an opportunity to obtain the finest prepara- In the next place, we must face courageously tion possible. Such individuals can come only the problem of indigenous Christian leadership. from a church which has rising within it springs This will mean the complete reorganization of of Life. By repentance, faith and devoted love most of our theological and training school educa- each of us must seek to make it possible for God tion, with experimentation in curriculums more to produce that life in American Christianity.

SIX MISSIONARY BEATITUDES Blessed are missionaries of the Gospel, for to them is given the promise of the pres- ence of Christ (Matthew 28: 19, 20) !

Blessed are the sowers of the Word of God, for they shall abundantly rejoice (Psalm 126: 6) !

Blessed are those who turn many to righteousness, for they shall shine forever (Dan- iel 12: 3) !

Blessed are they who spend themselves in helpful service amongst the needy brethren of our Lord, for they shall have the benediction of the King (Matthew 25: 34-36) !

Blessed are those who give to help forward the Kingdom of God, for these have the approval of the Saviour (Acts 20: 35) !

Blessed are they who give up loved ones for the service of Christ, for they shall have eternal compensations (Matthew 19: 29) ! -Record of Christian Work. By the REV. ERNEST E. TUCK, New York -~ Associate Secretary, Board of Foreign Missions, Methodist Episcopal Church It is not too much to say that upon the quality of per- those great personalities who have sacrificed and sonnel, far more than upon any other factor, depends the pioneered to bring in this new day. But his revreal and permanent success of the missionary enterprise. erence for these great souls who have made his … The history of Protestant missions is a story of the work possible must not bind him to the past in influence of personality upon individuals and communi- his methods of work nor in his attitudes. His ties.-Re-Thinking Missions. face is toward the future and he must live his life in each new day that dawns. THIS has always been so. Christianity began with the impact of one Man upon other men What then are some of the requirements for and we define Christianity in terms of the this missionary of the future? Many of them are life and teachings of this Son of Man-Jesus not new and the mention of them here only em- Christ. The missionary enterprise is the passing phasizes their importance. Some distinctly new on, through human personalities, of His influence emphases, however, belong to this new day. with all of its implications for individual and so- cial conduct. Every true disciple of this match- In the first place, the missionary of tomorrow less Person must inevitably be a transmitter of must have an increasingly intelligent understandthe power and beauty and standards of His life. ing of what the Christian message really is, and But some have been especially set aside and "com- all that it implies. He will know that it is not missioned" by the Church of Christ to be the something set in a fixed mould, like cement. It interpreters of His life and Gospel to people of is a living, personal experience that grows with other lands. We have come to call them foreign the expanding knowledge that comes from God missionaries. What an amazing list of names Himself. He must know where are to be found could be assembled of the great missionaries of those spiritual fountains that give life and he will the Church from the earliest days until now! drink from them deeply and often. His message But men are saying today that we have come to will be expressed in an active "loyalty to Jesus the end of another epoch in this glorious enter- Christ regarded as the perfect revelation of God prise and that we have already entered upon the and the only Way by which men can reach a satisnew day. fying experience of Him."

A new spirit of freedom, a wholesome emphasis In the second place the future missionary of on the worth of human personality and a demand Christ will, in a very real sense, be a creative for greater equality in human rights and oppor- personality with an abiding and sustaining faith tunities for all men are everywhere apparent. in the ultimate triumph of the spirit of Christ in Furthermore, our world has been rapidly changed the world. He will so live his way into the hearts into an "apartment house world" where we hear of the people whom he goes to serve that all their the neighbors' radio in Paris or Rome or London human relationships will be enriched and blessed or Shanghai or Geneva or Manila, and it is some- through the years. He will take situations as he times disturbing to our peace and quiet. But dis- finds them and so help to transform those human turbing or not such is our world. It is a world situations as to create a new and better world. of human relationships and not a world of earth He will be willing to experiment, to venture, to and sea and sky. In many lands a vigorous young abandon old methods and plans when they have church has arisen and it has produced some great been proved inadequate.

souls who have a genuine contribution to make to Third, the missionary of the future will have Christian thought and life. In view of all this the capacity for growth. Professor Oscar M. Buck men are rightfully asking what the future mis- recently declared that great missionaries are sionary must be, what kind of men and women grown not made. True, and the capacity for must the Church commission to "go and make growth is a prerequisite. Conditions of work in disciples of all the nations." many lands today make the growing of great mis- sionaries difficult, but the creative, understanding The missionary of the future cannot ignore the missionary will soon recognize those unsatisfacmissionary of the past. He owes too much to [309] tory conditions and will so set about changing mission, the missionary dare not go into the them that in the very process he himself will future. grow and help others to grow through the sunshine and warmth of his own and his Master's In speaking of the missionary of the future radiant personality. The missionary that has lost we have enumerated qualities which are found in the ability to grow spiritually, to grow in under- the lives of many missionaries who are today standing and sympathy, to grow intellectually exemplifying these qualities. These choice men has no rightful place in that company of men and and women of the present missionary force will women who venture forth to reveal to men of be the first to recognize that every worthy enterother lands, the spirit and power of Christ. If a prise in modern life is increasingly demanding missionary allows himself to settle down to a abler, more consecrated men and women to carry deadening daily routine and lose all consciousness it forward; they know better than any of us "that of the movements of life about him; if he allows upon the quality of personnel, far more than upon the assigned tasks to overwhelm him and destroy any other factor, depends the real and permanent the fine enthusiasms he once had for the inter- success of the missionary enterprise." The mispretation and evidencing of the values of the sionary of the future has received a great herit- Christian way of life; if he does not know that age from the missionary of the past. all about him are new and awakening forces and agencies for the enrichment of life; if he falls CHRISTIAN STEWARDSHIP into the pit of mere mechanical making of reports, holding of stated meetings and crowding his days Principles full with many activities, then he has lost the 1. GOD is the OWNER of ALL capacity for growth. 2. MAN is the STEWARD of what he POSSES- The personal relationship and attitudes of the SES missionary of the future will be even more im- 3. GOD requires ACKNOWLEDGMENT portant than before. He must exemplify the spirit of Christian brotherhood not only with his fellow Intelligent One's self missionaries but with his fellow men of other GIVING of Service races, colors and conditions. He cannot be a Cheerful cause of friction .and misunderstanding. In these { Substance days national sensitiveness as to personal rela- By { Systematic tionships and attitudes is sometimes even unrea- Proportionate sonable, so that it is particularly important that the missionary shall be able to enter sympathet- LSacrificial ically into the experience of others. Regardless of race or position personal interests cannot be Me,thods served first. He must strive truly to represent Of your income his Master who came not to be ministered unto but to minister. He will constantly seek to under- Keep a Strict Account Of your expenses stand the universal human emotions and aspira- { Of your gifts tions so that he can enter fully into the deepest human experiences of those whom he seeks to A definite proportion Separate unto the Lord The first-fruits serve. Other essential qualities in the missionary of {At least one-tenth Christian living the future occur immediately to one familiar with missionary service today. The necessity for an Use the Remainder in Christian thrift effective prayer life is not a quality apart from { Christian service the others; an intelligent understanding of the Christian message, a creative. personality, the ca- FINANCIAL Effects pacity for growth, and Christlike personal rela- SPIRITUAL tionships are not possible without such a prayer Insures God's Blessing life. This.is such an intimate personal experience Increases Church Revenue that it is the missionary's very soul. It is also Supplies World's Need true that without intellectual honesty, and a rev- Confirms Faith erence for truth, combined with a deep sense of Energizes Prayer Ennobles Character It Gorifies God

"Shall We Appraise Home Missions?"

By the REV. JAYS. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa.

Bureau of Publicity, BoaI'd of Home Missions and Church Extension, Methodist Episcopal Cburcb I T IS too early to forecast the total effect of the we have over 200 Protestant denominations. We Inquiry into Foreign Missions. In ten years know how many church members there are, how we will know more about that. Already, how- many Sunday-school pupils, the value of church ever, suggestions are coming from many quarters, property, the amount spent on annual budgets, "Let's study Home Missions." Curiously enough and a multitude of other totals. Similar data are this proposal comes from two distinct groups, at hand with reference to distinctly home mis- those who rather gloatingly sionary enterprises, although imply that such a study would not all of this data has been do away with Home Missions, Foreign Missions have re- tabulated. Some of it has been and sincere friends who covet cently come in for a great so tabulated and more is now the wide-spread pUblicity which deal of publicity. Not only being put into shape by the the Foreign Mission enterprise have missionaries and secre- Home Missions Council.

has just received. taries sent home their report But our information does not Substantially the same agen- but travelers, business men stop with these generalities. and special commissions have cies which directed the Foreign expressed their opinions for It goes into many intimate de- Mission study have spent in and against the large expendi- tails. the study of Home Missions in ture of life and money. Home the past f 0 u r tee n years, Missions receives less special Weare told that Foreign amounts which we suspect atterttion from outsiders but Missions are too denominawould dwarf into relative in- it is no less important-nor tional in character; Home Missignificance the half million are less money and lives ex- sions are probably even more so.

dollars expended on the Lay- pended at home. Should a The laymen report that a man's Foreign Missions In- special commission be ap- percentage of Foreign Mission quiry. The results of those pointed to appraise the needs, money is expended unwisely, the methods, the force and studies are available in a multi- the results in America? because of lack of adequate tude of carefully-written vol- planning. The same is true of umes which make a library, Home Missions. Buildings are compared with the one volume wrongly located, ceilings are thus far published from the foreign study. An made too high, bad floor plans are adopted, ineffi- enormous amount of material is also available in cient workers are employed, and ill-advised prothe flIes and reports of the horne missionary grams are laid out-mistakes aplenty are made.

agencies. Of course, there are other things that we know Able as was the commission which studied For- about Home Missions. We know that for heroism eign Missions, it has been difficult to locate any and Christian devotion it would be hard to equal important facts which the commission discovered and impossible to surpass the sacrificial courage which were not already the common possession of shown by the home missionaries who have served those acquainted with the missionary enterprise. and are serving so unselfishly to exalt Jesus It seems unlikely that a study of Home Missions Christ in our country. We know that Home Mis- could reveal any particularly important or signifi- sions have helped to build into American life some cant items which are not now available. of its finest qualities (and, in spite of much pes- simism, there are some fine things about Amer- What Do We Now Know? ica).. We know from actual court records in par- ticular communities that home missionary The amount of general information we now have is almost appalling. We know how many churches in congested city centers have kept churches there are in the United States and where thousands of boys and girls out of the clutches of they are located. We could make a map of them, the law and have turned their feet into paths of if we wished to spend the time. We know that usefulness. We know that a perfectly amazing [311]

number of people-young and old-are dependent denominational. Their impatience has reached upon home missionary agencies for religious op- such a stage that, if they cannot induce others to portunities and religious nurture. We know that, join them in a church unity movement, they will in spite of all that is being done, there are mil- withdraw and have unity by themselves. Others lions of boys and girls in America growing to ma- are equally convinced that, even though many of turity without religious training and that there is our present denominations may disappear, denom- a perfectly appalling number of American homes inationalism in some form will characterize our into which no representative of a Christian church ecclesiastical organizations so long as the race ever goes. maintains any interest in religion; they believe The Problem of Interpretation that goodwill between groups and individuals is more basic than an ecclesiastical unity attained Probably nothing good or bad has been found by the surrender of convictions and interpretaout about Foreign Missions which could not be tions which seem important to the holder. more or less directly applied to Home Missions. No further assembly, however, of either obvious When we have established the fact that many or hidden facts, no matter how comprehensive, home missionary workers lack satisfactory trainwill get us very far toward the solution of our ing, what is to be done about it? Some would problems. Our difficulties do not grow out of any doubtless feel that all inadequately trained workserious lack of, or disagreement with reference to, ers should immediately be released. They may be matters of fact, but rather in the interpretation one hundred per cent correct, but others certainly of those facts, and, in that realm, there are basic would totally disagree with that position. Simiand possibly insoluble difficulties, as the laymen's lar diversity of opinion exists with reference to inquiry has rather clearly demonstrated. It is the support of so many preachers and so few pereasy to be misled in general gatherings and to sons skilled in the religious nurture of youth. confuse Christian courtesy and fellowship with the disappearance of basic differences in philos- The point that we are trying to make clear is ophy and thought. that, were any new general study of Home Mis- sions to be undertaken, the results would not be To an outsider it would seem that the most largely affected by the facts discovered, or which obvious fallacy of the Appraisers' group studying are even now available to those who desire to use Foreign Missions was what appears to have been them, but the outcome would almost entirely be the assumption that they had prepared a state- determined by the presuppositions of those who made the study.

ment and interpretation of the foreign missionary Feasible Lines of Advance enterprise upon which diverse groups could agree. Much has been done in the field of comity, but Where Opinions Differ there is need for further application of the prin- ciples of comity, not in any wholesale fashion or Take, as an illustration, the matter of preaching, upon which both Home and Foreign Missions after a formula, but according to the conditions seem largely to have been built. Many seem to be in each particular situation. There is, also, a agreed that preaching has been overdone and need for a further extension of cooperation in cershould be subordinated in the future; yet it is tain types of work. One factor holding back such cooperative enterprises is that the technique of doubtful whether any representative group of preachers or laymen in America would vote with cooperation has not yet been mastered. A more them, if they really understood what they were improved technique must be worked out if coopervoting on. The study group may be right-we ation on a national basis is to be developed on any suspect they are-but the church is fully imbued considerable scale.

Over and above comity and larger-group coopwith the preaching idea. Where is the supreme eration there are important lines of work which court which will settle the matter? should be taken up, and fields which should be ex- And what of denominations? While home mis- plored, which will probably wait eternally if their sionary leaders are probably a little less denomi- entry is dependent upon reaching a total agree- nationally minded than others, yet, in general, ment. For such types of work, congenial, like- Home Missions are about as good and about as minded groups must be organized, while others, bad as the denominations they represent. To one even though they are doubting Thomases, exercise group denominations are not only anathema but Christian charity and forbearance and offer an the marked child of the evil one. 'They can hardly occasional prayer for their brethren whom they find adjectives severe enough to describe anything love but with whom they cannot at all times agree.

Will and Good

A Jewish View of Missions to the Jews By the REV. JACOB PELTZ, Chicago, Illinois General Secretary of the Hebrew Christian Alliance of North America EVERY Christian should be interested and ac- faith. It is the fulfillment of the hopes and ideals tive in giving the Gospel to the Jews. It is of the Jewish prophets. When a Jew becomes a a command of Christ to preach the Gospel to follower of Jesus Christ, he does not lose his reevery creature. The entire missionary enterprise ligion-he finds it; he does not give up his ancient is motivated by this Great Commission of our faith, but rather that faith is transfigured. In Lord, yet most Christians take it for granted fact, Judaism without Christ and without the New either that the Jews do not need the· Gospel or Testament is incomplete and unsatisfying. This that there is a magic way of salvation for this is the reason that so many Jews today are abanpeople other than the way provided through doning Judaism.

Christ on the Cross on Calvary. Giving the Gospel to the Jewish people is the As a substitute for the Gospel of salvation some way to solve the Jewish problem. There is no well-meaning but misguided Christians have in really anti-Semitic movement in America today recent years inaugurated what is known as the though there may be the spirit of anti-Semitism "good-will movement" in place of the divine Good manifested here and there in colleges, clubs, ho- News Movement. This "good-will movement" is tels and summer resorts. But any student of but a temporizing, watered-down, sentimental Jewish and Gentile relations in America realizes method of attempting to solve the Jewish problem. that all is not well between these two groups.

Needless to say that this and other substitutes for Underneath the current of affairs there is still a the Cross of Christ are futile. It is lowering the deep seated prejudice and sometimes bitterness. standard; it is not carrying out the commission Now how shall we solve this problem?-by educaof our Lord. The good will we proclaim is the tion? by good-will meetings? by the holding of good will of Christ for the salvation of man made seminars and lectures? These methods have been possible by the Cross of Calvary. This applies to tried and found wanting because they do not both Jew and Gentile. reach the root of the problem. We must realize The Jews need the Gospel of Christ as much as that the unregenerated Jew will always be a probany other non-Christian people-Mohammedan, lem to the Gentile. The Jew's character and eth- Buddhist, Hindu, Confucianist or Animist. These ics will be found wanting. The Jew's mannerisms religions are inadequate, and the same is true of will jar. The Jew's mode of living will not appeal.

modern Judaism, which is in many cases con- The unregenerated Gentile will continue to be trary to the teaching and Spirit of the Prophets. prejudiced against the Jew as an irritant in Amer- But, more than this" in America the greater ican life. What is the solution to these prob- lems? Only the regenerating power of Jesus number of the four and a half million Jews have Christ transforming individual lives, making them given up Judaism and are now religiously adrift.

Rabbis say that between seventy and eighty per- anew and producing winsome characters. So the cent of the Jews today are not connected with any Gospel of Jesus Christ must be preached to the synagogue. Jew in order that we may have a solution of the We hear a great deal today about "proselyte" Jewish problem in America and avoid anti- and "proselytizing." These terms usually refer Semitic persecutions such as we see in countries to unethical methods that are sometimes used to of Europe.

win adherents to a particular organization. But The Jewish people respond to the appeal of these terms do not apply when we go to the Jewish Christ as do any other people. During the ninepeople with the Gospel. We are giving them a teenth century, something like 200,000 Jews were message which they do not know, and a Christ won to Christ. Today there are a quarter of a who transforms. We are not aiming to persuade million of Hebrew Christians in the various counthem to abandon the faith of their fathers for tries of the world. Christianity is not the negation of the true Jewish Missions to the Jews may take the form of com- [313]

munity centers in various cities where the Jews tians in America today who understand the Jewlive in congested neighborhoods. Thousands of ish problem and who can develop an adequate churches all over the country have Jews in their Christian approach to the Jew, if the Church of neighborhood and the Church must realize that Jesus Christ is aroused and calls them to definite it has a message, a Gospel for all the people of service in carrying out the commission of our this community, including the Jew. The fact is Lord Jesus Christ "to preach the Gospel to every that there are many Hebrew and Gentile Chris- creature"-including the Jews.

DIFFIOULT DAYS IN MANOHURIA By the REV. W. T. COOK, Sinpin, Manchuria Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

We returned to Sinpin our mission station, after our furlough, with the sense of apprehension deepened because of the uncertainty about conditions. After leaving the railroad we traveled at the head of a caravan of ten carts until we reached the town. But it was not the city we had left less than a year before. Insurgent Chinese soldiers were everywhere. Even the postal and tele- graph services were entirely abolished, so that for four months we sent no letters and none were delivered by the post-no home messages, no magazines, no Christmas packages! In October the city fell into the hands of the new Japanese-Manchukuo regime. The pacification reache,s chiefly along the main roads and centers for in between there are many irresponsible roving bands, committing depredations.

The robberies suffered by the Chinese are more severe than this district has known before. One man in the hospital has both his feet frozen. Robbers entered his home from which, in his haste, he fled barefooted. He was chased through the snow and bitter cold at night and some of his toes must be amputated. Another man, when accosted by the robbers, told them to clear out as he had no money. For answer a pistol bullet sped into his forehead and lodged at the base of the brain. Robber,s do occasionally put an old man into a large Chinese kettle and boil him to death in their attempt to make him divulge where his money is-when perhaps he hasn't any at all. People come into the hospital with burns on their bodies as a result of torture by bandits who have held lighted bunches of incense sticks against the flesh to make them part with cash.

The Koreans have not escaped; many have been robbed or driven from their homes. Some have been robbed so frequently that the people have no shoes or decent clothing to wear and cannot come to church. During the summer over eight hundred Christians were huddled in refugee camps at Sanchengtsu, a center north from here. Their homes in the country were forsaken, the churches disbanded; some buildings being wrecked by the bandits. Every week scores of Koreans leave so that the churches are depleted. Like Paul in his shipwreck, when everything was thrown overboard, so we and the churches of South Manchuria Presbytery long for the day when peaceful conditions will prevail and the many exiles may return. It is the belief of the best informed that this res- toration will come in the next two or three years and that many thousands will come in with them to replenish the churches and the general population. A general expansion of church work and a revival is anticipated.

In the meantime we carryon almost alone. We are encouraged by the attitude of the Chris- tians who are faithful in distress and we believe that they appreciate our staying with them at a time like this. The Sinpin church, in the hour of trouble, has given even more generously to the work among the Chinese than in years gone by. The Bible clas,s, in February, was attended by over two hundred, about half of them coming from the country. Beginning with prayer meeting before daybreak, two periods of study were held in the forenoon; then meetings in the afternoon and evening. They drank in the consolations of Paul's epistle to the Philippians. Our hearts go out to them as they return to their barren little homes, devoid of comforts which we regard as necessi- ties, but they go with a light and a song in their hearts.

Many pastors have moved away. Five evangelists, largely supported by the Koreans, are ap- pointed to build up the depleted churches. They are courageous men with a fervent and consecrated spirit. The Men's Bible Institute was attended by twenty-seven earnest young men of fine caliber. One pastor in Korea sent greetings to them as the "morning stars" of the Manchuria Church.

Not as the conquerors come, they, the true hearted, came! Not with the sound of rolling drums or the trumpet that sings of fame; But amidst the storm they sang, and the stars heard and the sea; And the arching aisles of the dim wood rang with the anthem of the free.

the Garden of

By DUGALD CAMPBELL, Kano, Northern Nigeria Agent of the National Bible Society of Scotland God hath His deserts broad and brown; a wondrous wealth of hitherto hidden grass, A solitude, a sea of sand flowers, and shrunken shrubs.

On which He lets heaven's curtain down, In the oases I have bought turkeys for two Unknit by His almighty hand. shillings each, grapes black or white at three FROM the Atlantic to the Red Sea, and from pounds for a penny, apples, peaches and apricots the Mediterranean to Lake Chad and the lord- and plums, and delicious oranges, lemons and ly Niger, stretch great sandy deserts which dates, for almost nothing. I fed my camels on we call the Sahara. Nameless nomads, commonly dates and barley when I was compelled to travel called Arabs, with veiled and besworded'Tuaregs, through pastureless places. The Garden of Allah and fanatical mop-headed Moors wander about is the most appropriate name for the Sahara for among the waddies, or live around the wells and only Allah himself could make things grow in waterholes. They shepherd their herds of goats this land of dearth and sterility. There are beauty and sheep and camels which feed on the scant spots in the Hoggar and AIr mountains, the pasture these places afford. Harug-es-Soda and Tibesti, which tourists will visit in days to come, and which bear comparison The greater part of the wandering tribes are with Alpine scenery. A facetious French friend direct descendants of the hardy and autochtho- declared he would build a hotel on the top of nous Berber peoples. Carthaginians, Romans, Tamgak to entertain tourists. In various parts Vandals, Greeks, and Arabs found them in occu- of the far-flung Garden of Allah live multitudes pation. Prior to the Islamic advance after the of unevangelized men and women of the old Berdeath of Mohammed they were devoutly loyal to Jesus Christ. According to tradition, their evan- ber stock-in Mauretania and the Rio del Oro, gelization received its first fiery impetus from the the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, and the rich populous man who carried our Saviour's cross-Simon of oases of Eastern Libya, with Italian Libya and the Cyrene, himself an African. southern Sahara, the Tenere and Tanezrouft, the The vast far-stretching Sahara region is known northern bend of the Niger and Lake Chad. I among Arabs and other nomads as the Ganat lived among many of these people; I taught them Allah or "Garden of Allah." It is not all sand and traveled with them-among the Atlas Mounand wilderness for there are many verdant val- tains, the Adrar and Ifoghas, the Hoggar and leys where camels feed and become fat; there Azben, the black and green mountains of Libya, are endless waddies where flocks of sheep and the towering volcanic mountains of Tamgak, and goats stand on their hind legs to crop the low Tibesti that soars over 12,000 feet into the Sagreen branches of succulent thorn bushes. There haran blue. are high mountains, like Tamgak, Tibesti and Mouydir, overrun with mountain sheep; lakes Camped in tents of goatskin or black camels and springs and potholes provide crystal clear hair, surrounded by their flocks and herds and water, cold and covered with ice in winter; fish families, live a race of soldier-shepherds. They and crocodiles are found there. are muscular men, both veiled and besworded; they are silent and strong and live hard, hungry In many parts of the Sahara no rain falls for lives, eating very sparingly once a day, and rare- five years, or more. Yet, after three days of rain ly drinking. These people await the coming of the desert becomes spangled with flowers and tried and tested Christian missionaries, but they shrubs, and grass springs up everywhere, giving must be prepared to live along the dangerous it the appearance of a magic carpet. In Kidal, frontiers, hard, loving, self-denying lives, and in the Ifoghas mountains after a night of heavy ready to die, if need be, that Ishmael may live rain I have seen the waddy in flood, forming tem- before God. . porary lakes, and carrying all before it like a mountain tarn in Scotland. Those short stormy Men of Mauretania and Numidia, Getulre and rain spells send shooting up into ephemeral life Garamantes, Libyans and Fezzani, men of Rhap- sa and Cydamus, Santaria and its southern oases; [315]

travelers along the old Derb el Arbain and the these interesting veiled men and their unveiled other long twisty trails that span the Sahara;- women. They represent different divisions and all these have been left in the inexorable grip of speak different dialects, but all belong to the same Islam. They have been shunned and isolated, old Berber stock. Shilha, Susi, Riffi, Kabyle, and shut up to Koran-chanters and Moslem prosely- other Moroccan, Algerian and Atlas mountain tizers-and all because Christians were timid and dialects are all members of the same Berber lan- avoided lands that lay under the shadow of the guage family.

Crescent. The day of cautious and timid approach The old Berber dialects are in daily use has passed, the day of speedy and fearless decla- throughout Libya, including Augila, Jalo and ration of our faith and all it stands for, is upon Kufra, and even across from Jarabub into Siwa us. It behooves us to go forward with courage· oases where they speak nothing else. Traveling to "preach the Gospel to every creature." south to Bahariya, Farafra, and Dakhla oases I On my first visits to these desert dwellers in met many pure Berbers. I also saw many exclu- 1925, I was amazed at the readiness with which sively Berber towns during my recent two and a they listened to the Gospel. Their women wore half months camel journey throughout eastern silver crosses round their necks, (called tenaghal), Libya.

the camel saddles were bedecked with a cross, It will require serious language work to col- their swords and daggers were cross-handled, and lect, coordinate and classify this widely removed in a score of other things the cross stood out Berber speech family. It has never yet been at- conspicuous. This led me to surmise their Chris- tempted. Morocco has Scripture translations in tian origin. three Berber dialects-Northern Shilha, Central When I started to learn their language, called Shilha, and Southern Shilha. Algeria has trans- Tamashek, I found in it many Greek, Hebrew and lations in two dialects, called Greater and Lesser Roman terms-such as the words for merit, sin, Kabyle. A portion has been printed in one of the angel, God, Passover. I found many customs many Tuareg dialects, and a work is being done which are similar to those in Christian lands- in the Mzab dialect to the south of Algiers.

such as monogamy, chivalrous treatment of wom- Missionaries for many years have been at work en, and a dislike of Islamic interference. Though in Tripoli, but their work has been done in many are nominal Moslems, I found noble tribes Arabic, and the commonly spoken Berber dialect that have withstood Islam. In other words, there has been ignored. No missions have gone to Siwa, is everywhere a great open door for the Gospel. or the other wonderful oases of Eastern Libya, The People of the Veil hence no translations have been attempted, and only a few vocabularies have been collected by My first contact with the "People of the Veil" travelers and officials. The Bantu language famwas in 1925 at Abecher, the capital of French ily has received much more attention, but Berber, Wadai, and from there I found them everywhere which is by no means less important, has been throughout the southern Sahara as far as Kano neglected. in Nigeria. Again, during my long visit to the AIr mountains, the capital of which is Agades, When Will Missionary Work Succeed?

and through to Iferouan I came into contact with When the Berber language family receives the interesting and intelligent populations. In the attention due to its historic and geographical im- valley of Aouderas, among the black mountains portance; when the Scriptures are translated and that rise all around, there is a healthy climate, published in this famous North African speech; good and sufficient water supply from wells, and then, and not till then, can we count on conver- groups of camps and stone villages. At Timya, sions commensurate with the missionary effort Tintellust and Tintaghoda and among shepherd expended. If the early Christian church of North camps I received a warm welcome. Iferouan, and Africa had done for Berberland what modern the noble tribe of cave-dwellers who live in Tam- missionary societies have done for Bantuland, gak, made another good center. East of there live i. e., translated the Word of God into the vernac- the Kel-Fadei and other nomad peoples. ular and put it into the hands of the people, then Toward the southwest and the bend of the North Africa would never have gone down before Niger, live many Tuareg folk who belong to the the fanaticism and ferocity of Islam. The Copts, Tademekket and Oullimmeden confederations. In Abyssinians, Armenians and Syrians had the the latter place the Christian and Missionary Al- Bible, and they have stood, and still stand an im- liance has begun a work, but northward, as far passable barrier to the implacable religion of the as the Ifoghas and Hoggar mountains, live other false prophet.

Tuareg tribes not yet reached by any Christian In the early days the 700 North African bish- missionary. Away east to Lake Chad, and on ops had to run their dioceses and teach their con- into the Sudan, as far as EI Fasher, are found gregations by the medium of Latin which was

IN THE GARDEN OF ALLAH

DUGALD CAMPBELL'S CARAVAN DESCENDING TO THE OASIS OF BAHARIYA understood only by a few. Augustine of Hippo, painted in black; the bodies of men and women and many of the great North African Fathers were also tattooed with the cross. As I rode recommended the use of interpreters to reach the alongside my two Tuareg guides through the sand many Berber congregations. Why did they with- dunes I heard one chant "La illaha, illa Messiner,"

hold the Bible from the Berbers and not give it and I could hardly believe my ears: "There is no to them in their own language? Bible Societies God but our Christ." Surely there is a future in have forced the Roman Catholic Church to circu- the plans of God for this waiting race who still late the Scriptures in French-English and Italian retain the name of Christ in their songs. and and other tongues to prevent "protestant" prose- speech.

lytism. Had they done so throughout Berber Af- Here is a great people who have been waiting rica, then Islam would never have gained the ever since the extinction of the North African victory it has; Spain and Portugal would never Church and the advent of Islam. They have pene- have succumbed temporally to the religion of Mo- trated further and further into almost inacces- hammed. Europe has not seriously realized how sible mountains and desert regions to escape the narrow was its margin of escape from Islamiza- Islamic efforts of Mohammed's fierce followers.

tion. Now is the time to rectify past errors, and There are tribes who,· though they hate Islam work to evangelize the one hundred and one Ber- like the plague, have forgotten the tenets of their ber tribes who have a common mother tongue. Christian faith and are known by their Islamized Let us give them the Word of God in their own brothers as kel-acouf or "wild people." South and language, or help the Christian and Missionary Central Africa have large numbers of Christian Alliance, the Sudan Interior Mission, and others missionaries, but the northern deserts, with the who are making an effort to do so. Rio del Oro and Mauretania and the fertile chain My recent camel journeys through the Red of green emerald oases that stretch from Mogh- Desert of Libya took me to the most southerly reb-el-Akhsa to Mersa-Matruh, are still untrod- part where live the Veiled Tuaregs of the Azgeur den by heralds of the Cross.

Confederation. Their chief-amenoukal-is Abu- The lost Atlantis, which is said to have sunk bekr-Ag-Allegue into whose hands I placed copies into the sea off Africa, seems to have left behind of the Scriptures. I visited the six stone-walled· a few fragments such as the Haggar mountains.

towns that lie along the Tanezrouft valley and Some say that the Tuaregs are the remnant of a spoke with both chiefs and people. I saw doors lost race whose origin and history are obscured in the narrow streets decorated with the cross, in the mists of antiquity. The tomb of the famous

Tuareg queen, Tin Hinan, founder of the race, ants of this ancient Christian people, a lost race lies at Abelessa in the Hoggar, surrounded by whose land lies at the doors of Europe! Such the tombs of her twelve nobles. Her jewels and work must be done on camels, for the Tuaregs other ornaments were discovered near by. Though are wanderers and nomads, but unlike Arabia the Tuareg alphabet is perfect, no books in that and the haramein, work among them would prolanguage have been discovered. Their writings duce no fierce opposition. Motor cars now reguare found on the rocks and stone walls of the larly cross the Sahara, north and south via Lake Sahara but are difficult to decipher, though much Chad and Kano. French officers dare the perils of the inscriptions are quite legible. of thirst and hunger and capture by bandits, to serve their country. Where are the young men The Roman Catholics have tried hard but have willing to venture all to serve Christ and the Gosfailed. Comte de Foucauld, member of a famous pel, to reach at least one tribe of the great Berber race?

May God thrust forth some strong spiritual laborers, full of faith and the Holy Spirit to learn the Berber languages and eventually to win souls among these tall noble Berber people, whose home is The Garden of Allah.

THE CAVE FROy[ WHICH MOHAMMED BIN ALI ES SENUSSI TALENTS NOT FOR SALE WENT FORTH TO FOUND THE SENUSSIGAH FRA- TERNITY. MR. CAMPBELL LIVED I N THIS As my dear father did not believe in selling his CAVE AT SIRVA FOR THREE WEEKS. medical knowledge, so it nauseates me to have to sell my musical ability. I was born with music old French family, who lived a wild life in his in my system. It was a gift of Providence. I did youth and was then soundly converted and yield- not acquire it. So I do not even deserve thanks ed his life to God and his Church, fell into the for the music. Do you thank birds for flying in hands of an Abbe who trained him to be a priest. the sky, or do the birds charge you fees for sing- After much severe training and discipline, he ing in the woods? Music is too sacred to be sold. went south into the Sahara to work among the The outrageous prices the musical celebrities Hoggar Tuaregs but was killed during the Senus- charge today truly is a crime against society. si-Tuareg revolt in 1916-17. To keep my conscience free from contamina- Cardinal Lavigerie twice sent White Father tion, I never look upon the money I earn as my priests to Christianize the Tuaregs but both par- own. It belongs to the public. It is only a fund ties were massacred. Since then the Sahara has entrusted to my care for proper disbursement. If been left to its solitude and silence; its peoples I spend the money for my personal pleasure I still grope in the dark. The Roman Catholics should feel guilty of a heinous crime. How can I tried later to establish a work in the Tuareg city squander money on myself while there is so much of Timbuctoo. A priest still lives there as a citi- misery, so much hunger in the world? To be perzen of Timbuctoo, and he is now a servant of the fectly healthy, the human body does not need Government with a wife and family. The Chris- much. We artificially create and increase our tian and Missionary Alliance of America has had needs; develop costly habits; then feel miserable work there for several years. One American when we cannot have things. missionary lady is buried there in the little cemetery, while her brave husband still labors there, I constantly endeavor to reduce my needs to the helped by others. They have initiated work mInImum. I feel morally guilty in ordering a among the Tuaregs. costly meal, for it deprives some one else of a slice of bread – some child, perhaps, of a bottle of Where are self-sacrificing young men who will milk. So many people go hungry in the world esteem it an honor tb pioneer among the descend- every day! My beloved wife feels about these things as I do. In all these years of my so-called success in music, we have not built a home for ourselves. Between it and us stand all the home- less in the world!

For the welfare of the human race – for the preservation of civilization itself, a revaluation of individual and of national success is essential.- FRITZ KREISLER, in Success Magazine.

Problems in the

By the REV. GEORGE WILLIAM WRIGHT, D.D., Manila, Philippine Islands Professor in the Protestant Theological Seminary, and Pastor of Ellitlwood Church PROBLEMS are like the poor, always with us. entirely outside of the evangelical Church, and To our surprise the solution of one set of do not intend to enter. Roman Catholics use this problems often ushers in others, frequently so-called reproach to prevent the spread of evan- more numerous and more difficult than those gelical Christianity. Many in the churches deep- which preceded them. The problems in the ly desire one evangelical body in the Islands, but Philippines are not more, if indeed as much, in- thus far this has seemed impractical. Three de- volved as in many other coun- nominations have come to- tries, but they are many and gether to form what is known difficult. A nation is in process of de~ as the United Evangelical ve10pment in the Philippines. Church – the Congregational, The Influence of World The Islands have been held Presbyterian, and U nit e d Changes in the lap of the United Brethren. The union has been States for thirty~five years. eminently successful, no one The first problem run s Now the people are becoming group undertaking to dominate around the earth-the prob- restless and wish to walk the others. Other churches or lem of readjustment to chang- alone – but not economical~ groups may later unite with ing world conditions. While the Philippines are not as well ly. The evangelical Church the United E van gel i c a I equipped with modern inven- has also been growing and is Church. Unless this comes tion as America, nevertheless encountering the problems of naturally it would be likely to hosts of new things and new growth. What are these bring disunion into the pres- ideas have come in to change problems and how will they ent united body. Most of the their habits and environment. be solved? Look through denominations have, from the The islanders now travel all the eyes of Dr• Wright. beginning, accepted territorial over by autobus and spread assignments to prevent over- these new ideas and new con- lapping. Some, however, do ditions develop. not agree to such alignments. There have also The problem of national political status is not been some splits from the large denominations, new but it is now to the fore. There is friendli- and independent churches have sprung up. De- ness between the Filipinos and Americans but nominationalism is more or less a human product, many have learned to like each other personally but the so-called "crime of denominationalism" is while they do not mix racially. The national sometimes overstated.

problem is everywhere a real one, and could Education and the Educated easily become most difficult. The Filipino people feel that it is not the missionary's function to One of the most baffling of problems today is take active part in politics but both his rights educational. A short time ago many felt that and his obligation when he refuses to be drawn education would solve practically all our prob- into discussion of it. There are those-mostly lems. We know better now. It has brought treoutside the church-who insist that the mission- mendous problems of its own. While the world ary must declare himself to be in sympathy with has not quite gone mad on the subject of educa- Filipino aspirations. One thing that the Chris- tion, at least it seems obsessed over the question tian, foreign or native, should insist upon is that of "degrees." If the United States, with its vast we do not seek to nationalize Christianity, but resources, is unable to absorb all of its "degree" to Christianize nationality. product of today, what can be done with the same type of men in lands where, from the very na- The problem of denominationalism is not really ture of economic conditions, it will be possible serious in the Philippines. The greatest criticism to absorb only a few. The cure has not been on this point often arises from those who are [319]

discovered. Evidently the rage must rage on affairs, rather than follow the leadership of a until perchance it spends itself. pastor. Gradually, however, it has begun to be appreciated that a man who has been well trained We would not deny an education to young peo- and who can give his whole time to the work of ple. We would be distressed if they did not want the ministry will serve a congregation more efit. The extension of private high schools has al- fectively, both in the pulpit and in the homes, ready become a present necessity. The Govern- than would the lay church officers. But a pastor ment, once so sure of its educational program, who is lacking in education is not wanted, and a has itself begun to discuss the failure to develop well-trained pastor is hard to hold. How far moral character in its students. It has been so should the mission go in helping to provide proper careful not to allow sectarianism to enter into salaries? The situation is complicated by the the teaching of the schools that it now wonders fact that many independent congregations have whether its influence has not been against re- sprung up with no paid ministry. ligion altogether. Today the educated young man is in danger of becoming an increasing menace There are decided differences of opinion in reto society. Far more than the church people are gard to the question of self-support. It is an now asking whether one can leave out all religion extremely difficult problem but there is marked out of education and yet teach morality. A progress in many places. It is hard to manage prominent business man in Manila employing a self-support anywhere without a vigilance prothousand clerks, said not long ago: "If you mis- gram. sionaries cannot turn us out moral young men, the case is hopeless, for the public schools cer- Now Filipinos are for the most part poor. As tainly cannot do it." in the apostles' day, not many of the rich seem called. Under Roman Catholic tutelage they were The Problem of the Church not accustomed to give outright for church sup- port but paid for various church rites and privi- Missionary work in the Philippines, in rela- leges. Pastors need to urge their people to recogtion to the Filipino Church, has passed through nize the duty of supporting the church. Laymen two stages and is now in the third stage, which are being educated to the right idea, but it is a is the most difficult one of all. The first stage slow process. When a young man can easily comwas one marked by curiosity. The Filipinos mand a much larger support as a teacher, or Y. wondered what the Americans had to offer them M. C. A. secretary or welfare worker than as a in religion. After being accustomed to the Roman pastor he feels humiliated to plead for what Catholic faith for over three hundred years, they seems asking money for his own needs. Is it wanted to know what might be the difference in strange that many capable young men are not a Protestant nation. inclined to take pastorates when their support for wife and children is uncertain? Many sin- Then came the building stage when those who cerely desire to preach the Gospel but of late listened in seriousness became converted and young men who have been in training for the many were moved with deep desire to spread the ministry seem to slip away just as they finally Gospel. The new faith made strong appeal with face their life work. Graduation precipitates the the open Bible, the fellowship of its service, and crisis. These young men often are happy to serve the opportunity for participation in the manage- in mission schools and do not seem to lose their ment of church affairs. Church organizations evangelistic fervor but bring their students into were effected, and were cared for by the deacons, personal contact with Christ. elders, and other church officers who did much of the preaching themselves. The little churches in the provinces are com- posed of very lovable folk. They need pastors. Then followed the period of strengthening and Could the passion of the Master enter deep into development with the training work which from the souls of these young men, the people would occasional Bible training courses grew into a full rejoice. No less emphasis should be put upon a fledged theological seminary. The curriculum is good education but evangelization must be the now practically complete, and students are taking watchword of the day. In some places the misboth the longer and shorter courses. The prob- sionary may need to undertake pioneer work all lem now is not one of training but of settlement over again. He must ever burn with the Master's as pastors of churches. passion to save the lost and wandering sheep and bring them into the fold. Many of the evangelists of the first and second stages were able preachers but knew nothing of The doors of opportunity for helpful, loving pastoral work. The people at that time would service abound. The prospects are bright if we hardly have understood it and did not understand are ready to look up and move forward. the advantages of a pastor. Even today a number of congregations prefer to manage their own

"Noble Jo" of Kobe*

By MRS. ROY SMITH, Kobe, Japan Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South O NE of the greatest privileges that comes to hundred and fifty little children in her kinder- one who lives and works in the Orient is garten, most of them with pitiful stories, cling to meeting and knowing some of the great her skirts and run to her with shining faces as personalities, only a few of whom are known in she shows the visitor through the plant. Many a Western lands. . . . Many a visitor to Kobe has foreign visitor thinks her name is "Noble Jo."

said, "I shall remember Kobe because of Mrs. J 0." How well her name fits her!

"Never shall I forget Mrs. Jo's face." How she The courage required for a woman to accom- laughed when she was told that more than one plish what Mrs. Jo has done is remarkable. She had said, "She is so homely she is beautiful." came to Kobe when her husband died, a year after They have compared her to a fine old oak tree- their marriage, a widow with a little son; with- buffeted by the winds and storms but standing out a sen. She became the matron of a small with grace and strength in old age to afford pro- orphans' asylum at a salary of 16 yen a month and tection and shelter for the weak. They have said added a department for old men and women. Soon that she is like an old sailing vessel in the harbor, the police found her out and began to bring to her beaten by the waves and winds but standing so women and girls who were wandering the streets picturesque and fine as to be etched and used for of Kobe and for whom they had no help or refuge.

engravings. Tall and gaunt and with a swinging She was so singularly successful in her dealings walk strange for a Japanese woman, she has be- with them that her time was almost entirely filled come a well-known figure in Kobe to Japanese and with this 'rescue work. She came to know the foreigners alike. Some may at first fail to ad- awful need and she could not sleep for thinking of mire her masculine stride and mannerisms but these women without home or friends.

when they learn that for eighteen years the police One day, a letter came from an old farmer in of Kobe have relied on her to help them meet America who had heard of her work through some their problems with women and girls, and that returned missionary; he sent her five yen, saying over 5,000 would-be suicides have come to her that it was very small but that he hoped it would after reading her sign-boards, they forget every- help her in this work. It was a large sum to her thing but the greatness of the woman. then and she felt the responsibility of it so truly The wife of the principal of a Girl's High School that she went to Mt. Maya to think and pray. She in Kobe remembers her when she came ~o Kobe stayed there three nights and days in prayer and forty-three years ago at the age of 18 years, a when she came down she came to give her life and schoolgirl from Matsuyama. Mrs. E. said that to persuade others to give of their means to estab- Jo Nobu came to the home of her uncle, who was lish a home for the unfortunate run-away women running for some political office in Hyogo Prefec- and girls that had come to Kobe from all over ture, to make stump speeches for him. Clad in a Japan. She began to canvass for enough money boy's dark hakama and with her face lit with zeal to start. The answer came with many small gifts she made a stirring speech. It was quite the fash- from people who could not resist her appeal. She ion then for women to be interested in politics. trudged up and down the hills of Kobe for months, I remember my uncle asking her if she ever ex- carrying a tiny five-sen notebook, in which she had pected to be married and she answered, "I haven't pasted her purpose, which said "I Nobu J 0 wish time for such foolishness now." Later Mrs. E. to provide a place in Kobe for the women who are moved to Korea and was much surprised to hear homeless, or in such trouble that they must either that JoNobu had married and had a little son. take their lives or sell their bodies. I wish to She has kept that same masculine bearing but erect a building and maintain a home for them with it she has become "Mother" to 20,000 women until they can obtain work or learn to be selfwho have felt the grip of her hand and the warmth supporting. And I wish to teach them new hope of her heart as she has helped them out of their through God, who is Love, and Salvation through troubles and shared her home with them. One His Son, Jesus Christ." That was her platform and loyally has she stood for it. She did not even • Condensed from The Japan Christian Quarterly for January. waver when a Kobe man offered her 20,000 yen 1933.

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if she would use it with the condition that the The response to this sign was unbelievable.

work should not be done in the name of Christ. Not only those who went there to take their lives In 1916 Jo Nobu rented a house and advertised came to her, but hundreds of others who saw no- widely through the police, and posters at wharves tices about the sign in the newspapers. Scores and stations, stating that she would give help to came for sympathy and found Christ. What any women or girls who were in trouble. The re- stories she can tell! They are too intimate and sults were so striking that her Kobe friends or- private and heart-rending to repeat. Wives cast ganized the Kobe Women's Welfare Association- out by concubines, girls running away from "Do Jo Kwai." A board was formed of Japanese brothels where they had been sold, children kid- and foreign women and from the beginning it has napped by shows, women beaten by drunken hus- been splendidly organized and supported. In 1918 bands, wives displaced by jealous mothers-in-law, she bought land and built a house at the cost of a girl brought by a repentant man who had bought 7,050 yen and was able to take care of 20 women. her to take care of him while he died of tubercu- In 1922 she added four rooms and a chapel at a losis, girls hiding from the police, the wives and further cost of 6,800 yen. Being so pressed for children of murderers and pickpockets and room and coveting a better neighborhood for her thieves. Over 5,000 girls have come to Jo Nobu family she dared, in 1926, to sell out and build a because of those sign-boards. (Now such signs big home in Harada. The new Home includes a are copied and put up by welfare organizations girls' and women's department where they are other than Christian.) The records show 2,751 taught domestic science and sewing and are pre- women and girls have lived in the Home for a pared for positions as maids-a mother's depart- time while they have been readjusting their lives.

ment with ten tiny apartments, each consisting of There are some eighty living with her all the time.

one room and a tiny kitchen, where a woman with It costs over 15,000 yen every year to run this children can live and take care10f her own. There institution on the most economical lines.

is a children's department where one finds a very Mrs. Jo's friends rejoice that during the past well equipped kindergarten for 150 in which the few years her work has been recognized by the mothers can leave their children. Her newest public and the government. . . . Officials recogventure is a small dormitory in Rokko where nize her as a woman of rare judgment and comworking girls, on a salary too small to live de- mon sense and ability. To this she adds a heart cently, can have a Christian home. of love and a spirit so Christlike that it wins rich The thing for which Mrs. Jo is best known in and poor, high and low.

the Kwansei district is the "WAIT A MINUTE" Besides running this big Home and giving unsign-boards that she has erected, electrically limited time to the personal side of every case, lighted and put up at places where there are fre- Mrs. J 0 is in demand all the time to speak in quent suicides. The first one was erected in Suma. purity and prohibition campaigns. During the It is a curious fact that in Japan people choose a last three months she made 18 lecture trips. When fashionable place for suicide. Young men and at Omi Imazu she spoke for three hours to an women go from all over Japan, and even from audience of over 1,000 people who stayed till Shanghai and Manila and Hongkong, to throw eleven 0'clock, asking questions as to the way in themselves into the crater of Aso or Asama or to which they might clean up their town. She speaks jump from the Kegon waterfall at Nikko. Suma, so courageously against the brothel and all forms a beautiful suburb of Kobe on the seashore, has of exploitation that she is often attacked by ruflong had a reputation as a suicide pact spot. A fians after her meetings and threatened by brothel factory girl first set the fashion and the papers keepers and liquor-sellers. Eighteen times she wrote it up so luridly that a stream of people, one has been attacked seriously. Absolutely without every day and often two, came to this spot to take fear she attacks anything or anyone that drags their lives until the police were in despair. (Here down the womanhood of her country. In many the fast trains go around a sharp curve at a place places they have advertised her as the "Woman especially beautiful for its scenery. Seascape and Kagawa." mountain make their last look at the fair earth a dream of heaven.) Mrs. Jo was so desperate at Forty-two years ago at the Matsuyama Girl's this condition that she consulted officials and School this Nobu Jo was baptized, led to her deci- Christian workers and put up a huge sign-board sion by one of the first missionaries to Japan, Mrs. reading: Cunnison, whose name is hardly known now. Where would the unusual strength and ability of "WAIT A MINUTE – GOD Is LOVE – IF this unusual girl have taken her without this You FEEL THAT You MUST TAKE YOUR guidance? Where would the thousands of women LIFE, WHY NOT COME AND TALK IT OVER and girls off the streets of Kobe have found a WITH Jo NOBU." mother and a home?

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Effective Ways of Working I 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home , i EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~r-=——~~~-=======-'-'–~~~_~=—–~–=I4ii)'

OUR SUMMER SURVEY As a means to the foregoing adult mISSIOn study is neither ends, saturate the planning wholesome nor profitable. Mis- The time draws near for mis- board with the best of the new sionary information and missionary planners to don their literature, inclusive of the study sionary giving are the Siamese distance glasses and I 0 0 k books, so that they may inte- Twins of the cause. And don't thoughtfully over the field of grate the local themes and meth- forget at least one interdenominext year's endeavor-taking ods with the plans for the cur- national gathering for fellow- "summer vacation" rather than rent year. As it is manifestly ship and the exchange of plans Jan. 1 as the equatorial bound- impracticable for every member and ideas. "The Best Thing We ary. Autumn is the well-nigh to read all the books, assign cer- Have Tried This Year" would universal birthday for new Year tain tasks to different individuals be a fertile topic for discussion. Books: and summer leisure, con- well in advance, so that the ventions and conferences afford eventual planning shall be syn- 6. Plan for unique invitations, opportunity for fresh plans and thetic and cooperative rather posters, souvenirs, where the a new outlook. What are some than a rubber-stamping of the latter are used. The business of the high lights worth incor- leader's ideas. After due atten- world should not be given the porating? tion to the foregoing fundamen- monopoly of the art of advertis- tals, invoke all the natural aids ing. It pays inside the church 1. As a prime prerequisite, possible to make the planning at- as well as outside. see to it that your planning com- tractive. "The best is none too mittee realizes the paramount good." To that end, note the 7. Choose a dominant theme importance of the task-not as following: to be played up to through the an adjunct to Christian work year or a definite period, using but the Church's supreme en- 2. Strive for artistry and its variations in picturesque deavor without which it has no literary quality in the make-up ways calling for a play of imagijustification for considering it- of your Year Book or other nation on a groundwork of facts self more than a club or frater- printed activating material. and ideals. There is no question nal order. Use preparatory Worthful things are much more about the attractiveness as well means to give the committee effective if pleasing. as the value of sequence. The membership the far vision and kangaroo is an undesirable masthe inclusive spirit-the whole 3. Expel the Faithful Tradi- cot for the missionary society, world for the field, the whole tionalists and live up to your own landing this week on China and human family as the brother- membership in the Anti-Rut So- next week amidst the islands of hood, the missionary working ciety by aiming at freshness, the Seven Seas. Follow, if pospersonnel cooperating freely out- variety, change rather than du- sible, the dominant theme for the side of denominational corrals. plication. How many program current year and thus conserve One hears too much of "the tri- committees are expert manifold- the values of the helps exploited umphs of our Baptist work," ers of "the usual"! in missionary publications. This "our Methodist work," "our will involve keeping abreast of Presbyterian work," when it 4. Plan for recognition of the times and recognizing to should be "the triumphs of our special seasons and red letter some extent at least the year's Master's work." A discriminat- days. Timeliness is always dou- study and reading books, even ing study of the Laymen's In- bly acceptable. if a definite period in the church quiry, "Re-Thinking Missions," year is set apart for a School of (in conjunction with Dr. Speer's 5. Arrange the year's schedule Missions. "Re-Thinking Missions Exam- to include joint meetings of variined") is calculated to remedy ous missionary units in the 8. Take pains to coordinate short-sightedness and denomi- church so there may be mutual sub-themes, devotionals, music,. national clannishness. Then we appreciation and teamwork. If news items and refreshments or should pray sincerely for divine you have daytime sessions, as in luncheons, if any, with your guidance in shaping plans not the case of Women's Societies, dominant keynote. merely ex post facto blessing hold an occasional evening meetupon them. ing to include family groups and 9. Choose carefully the per- especially "the men folk." The sonnel for the various plans and usual feminine monopoly of programs, aiming not only to [323]

give all the membership tasks sionaries should read "God's country was revealed.) Her and recognition, but the assign- Candlelights" because of its hostess tactfully led her to re- ments for which nature seems to beauty and charm . . . and alize that if God were the Father have fitted them. "Where does again and again with question- of Africans as well as of herself, he fit?" "In what does she ex- ing as to whether there is not we must be brothers and sisters, cel ?" These queries should be being disclosed a more excellent and she finally went home re- expertly answered. way." The ensuing passage tells solved to think the matter over Lastly, make a place in the how the new idea of the Holy and do her best to change her planning for an annual presen- Spirit was taught on the back- instinctive attitude of mind.

tation of missionary magazines ground of the African's natural (This is not unusual.) and solicit new subscriptions in idea of the Great Spirit, and the A PROGRAM: LIGHT FOR THE an atmosphere of specially cre- catechism was made to read, "I DARK CONTINENT. As an adverated interest. Except for actual believe in the Chief Jesus Christ tisement poster use a darkened contacts with missionary work- and in His law," etc. "The aim outline map of Africa (or black ers, no means of awakening and was so to present the Christian cut-out pasted on light ground) , sustaining interest compares faith to the community and to with the frequent reading of at- the individual that they see it a yellow candle built or sketched tractive missionary literature. not as the White Man's religion in at point where emphasis is to Plans for unique presentations be placed. Inscription: "Come of the magazines will be found but as the fulfilment of that to- to our candle-lighting service in the April, (1932), and April, wards which their fat her s (1933), issues of this depart- groped-a way of life not and hear about lives that have ment. Special suggestions for through foreign 1and s but been great lights in darkest programs and Year Book building were given in May, June and through the familiar ways of Africa." As a visualization at December, (1932). Every issue their own thought and habit. the service, use a large candecontains tried-and-proved-good Christianity is a gradual expan- labrum or group of candles cenplans which you may well ponder. It is nothing short of crimi- sion of life in all of its mani- tered by a tall white one. When nal waste to let past copies of festations, whether lived in the meeting is called to order, de- THE REVIEW go the way of the village, in a European town or "01' rags, 01' paper" collector! in the large mine compound. . .. votional leader takes her place without announcement saying, The Year's Study Themes Through the African love of "I represent the Headlight on dancing and pageant and plays this program to illumine the way GOD'S CANDLELIGHTS. In The the Gospel story is impressed." through the Dark Continent." South African Outlook, (Febru- Lights central candle and anary, 1933), a "Challenge in Mis- A wealth of concrete illustra- nounces hymn, "The Light of the sionary Methods" is sounded tions impresses the lesson of this which may well be considered book that "Christianity is not World Is Jesus." Calls on audiby all pastors and missionary another cataclysmic change, not ence for Scripture verses menleaders regardless of the specific tioning Light. (Have a few pretheme under discussion, for it still more of the White Man's viously prepared.) Prayer for wisdom and cunning, but some- thing essentially theirs." Can more human candlelights in the needy land. you get this viewpoint across to your constituency in the next Program leader as Keeper of few months? the Lights then comes forward and impresses need for immedi- incorporates one of the sugges- AFRICA IN YOUR HOME. This ate illumination to keep pace tions in the much-discussed "Re- was a demonstration given by with the new commercialism and Thinking Missions." The writer two women, one of whom had no industrialism that are exploiting says, in part: use for Africans or African the vast continent. Gives basic "Within recent years the de- products, resenting having her facts briefly. Summons first mand has become more and more coal delivered by a Negro or ac- Candle-Bearer who will shed the insistent that the role of the mis- cepting a laundress who proved Light of Evangelism (lights sionary is not to destroy but to to be of that race. She discarded from central candle a red one, fulfil what is good in primitive her rubbers when told of the to represent this speaker) .

Africa. The life of the African vast output of the raw material Second Candle-Bearer similarly is essentially social and based on from Africa, put back a half- receives blue candle and speaks tribal conditions and customs; eaten chocolate on hearing how on the Light of Education.

therefore everything that is much chocolate was shipped Third, with yellow candle, gives good in the African's heritage from Africa, and even a diamond talk on the Light of the Healer should be conserved, enriched ring given her by her husband (medical missions). Mus i c, and ennobled by contact with the lost its attraction when the "Send Out Thy Light." The spirit of Christ. Many have source of diamonds was made Searchlight speaker is next sumwished for a fuller account than known. The cotton in her dress, moned to peer into the future has hitherto appeared of the life the palm-olive soap, her piano (needs, new methods, etc.) . Proand work there, and their desire keys, etc., all came in for like gram may conclude with prayer has been met by the publication disfavor. (Thus artfully our or else a beautiful candIe-lightof "God's Candlelights." Mis- economic dependence upon that ing ceremony in which audience

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

files past candelabrum and "It will be pioneering for me "You're one of 'God's Candle- lights tiny candles while they indeed," said one of the "Eastern lights' (A), my child," said the sing, "Send the Light," or sim- Women" (A), "but I am quite old gentleman kindly. "If you ilar hymn. willing to 'Follow the Leader' burn faithfully in your little (J) as we explore 'The Chris- corner, you may do as much good Introducing New Literature tian Mission in America' (A)." as we older folk in ours." Our hearty country luncheon This should be a dominant "Yes," spoke up an earnest- was finished by this time, and note in the summer or early au- faced business man, "this tour after signing "The Yellow tumn program of church, mis- affords me a long-coveted oppor- Friendly Book" (P) in which a sionary society, denominational tunity to make my own survey record of all tourists was kept, convention or associational gath- of 'Christianity and Industry in we were again on our way. The ering. Send for the descriptive America' (A), which involves busy afternoon was marred by catalogue listing by grade and one of the severest practical only one unpleasant incident, tests to which the teachings of when some of the party became subject the study and reading the Carpenter of Nazareth can books published by the Mission- be subjected." faint from flying at such an altiary Education Movement, in- tude when crossing the Rocky cluding those issued jointly with "I am glad to see some young Mountains and inquired anxious- people among my passengers," ly, "'How Far to the Nearest the Council of Women for Home remarked the pilot as the plane Doctor?'" (I). The dizziness Missions, addressing your de- hummed merrily along over soon disappeared however. meadows and mountains, almost nominational department of mis- droWning even his hearty voice. Each succeeding day brought sionary education or the Mis- "They must be the 'Builders of a sionary Education Movement, New World' (Y)-and a far bet- its meed of information. "'So 150 Fifth Ave., New York City. ter one we hope. 'Today's Youth This Is Missions,'" (Y) ex- Then try using the following and Tomorrow's World' (S)- story presented by some en- that's our hope for 'Christianitv claimed the man from Missouri, thusiastic leader (given from and the Health of the World' as we landed in Los Angeles for a few days of rest before beginnotes, not read), in which nearly (I) ." ning the second week. "When all the new volumes prepared for we embarked I thought I was study and supplementary read- Our first landing was made at launching on a foolish quest, ing are incorporated. At the noon somewhere in a backwoods mention of each book have region of the South which a just because I had promised my someone step promptly forward pastor to make a first hand inon the platform, holding up the much-traveled elderly man said vestigation of an enterprise almost made him think he was volume, or, if not all those men- "In the African Bush" (J) again, which I deemed neither profittioned are at hand, using a pla- especially as the luncheon sum- able nor promising. It now apcard, poster or replica of the mons from the cook shack was "The Call Drum" (P) in the peals to me as being in every book cover. Have the partici- hands of a little negro lad. "'If way the best worthwhile investpants fall into groups accord- I Lived in Africa'" (J), added ment of time, money and life the genial traveler, "'The Chil- which a Christian can possibly ing to the graded classifications, dren of the Chief' (P) would make. To the limit of my ability adult studies in one group, young people's in another, etc. In the I will now back the Enterprise following story, the books for of the Great Commission."

adults are designated (A) ; young gather around and watch me, Other good methods for prepeople (Y) ; seniors (S) ; inter- wide-eyed, as I wielded my mediates (1) ; juniors (J) ; pri- senting study and reading books mary (P); and beginners (B). knife and fork-implements as are given in the February, 1932, awkward for them as 'Wee issue of this department, as fol- Wong's' (B) chopsticks once lows: Dramatizing the Reading Voyage of the Airplane, proved for me. I really grew List; Around Our Library "Goodwill" very fond of 'Kembo; a Little Table, or The Animated Cata- Girl of Africa' (B), and I be- logue, with reporters sitting "All aboard!" called the pilot lieve she might have grown into around a library table and in cheery tones as our party of a fine Christian woman if she brought into action by a libra- "Pioneers of Goodwill" (I) stood could have become one of your rian, or else having the various around the capacious airship ad- 'Child Neighbors in America' publications come to life and miring its graceful lines. "We (P) "-addressing the alert lit- speak in the first person; the must get started while the visi- tle girl who was proving the life Recipe for a Delicious Literature bility is high if we would carry of our party. "You would know Cake, the last-named being a the 'Good News Across the better how to entertain her than very snappy presentation of all Continent' (I), of 'The Never I did, my dear, for it is remark- the new material, at the opening Fading L i g h t' (A). We're able how 'Young America Makes of the autumn schedule. What- ever the plan, get the new liter- 'Craftsmen All' (A), but to some Friends' (J)." of you this will be a new experi- "I'm afraid, Sir," said the lit- ature into action early in your ence as you 'Meet Your United tle girl modestly, "that I couldn't organizational year, and then States' (I) at near range." shine very far for Jesus yet." watch it work!

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BULLETIN OF i The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~i"""'~~-=——==—–=—~……..~——-==—-~~~-==–=—-=—–~~, CONTINUE IN PRAYER heavy; her whole life must be a have done individually and col- lectively has brought us to these "Continue in prayer and watch d e d i cat ion. The desire to days, called depressing and dark. in the same with thanksgiving," strengthen home ties, to enrich as the Apostle Paul has said in home associations and to lift The opening chapter of Dr. his letter to the Colossians, is a home aspirations comes just by Kerr's book is named "The Ever springtime message in the setting the worthy example at Challenging Gospel." The closcombination of "watch" and our own firesides, and by estab- ing paragraph outlines the sub- "thanksgiving." lishing our own family altar." ject matter of the book.- Another has said that we Prayer: Our loving and all- This is the Christian mission in should pray hardest when it is America. It is the effort to share hardest to pray. In all our pray- wise Heavenly Father we come Christ with all men whatever their ing and in all our watching and to Thee with hearts full of grati- race or religion. It is not set for waiting it is profitable that we tude thanking Thee for Thy battle against any man or against search our hearts and be grate- any man's faith; it is consecrated to ful that we are God's children, gracious care, thanking Thee for the task of giving him the best we grateful that Jesus Himself has Thy willing forgiveness and for have—Jesus Christ. This book is an invited us to follow Him, grate- Thy greatest gift-Christ, our attempt to show with what success ful for His amazing declara- Saviour. We live and have our this effort has been carried forward. tion,- being in Thy love. For our for- In this first chapter the moral wrong- ness of our modern world and the Ye did not choose me, but I getfulness and for our wander- adequacy of the Gospel to meet this chose you, and appointed you, ings we ask Thy forgiveness. moral wrongness have been set forth. that ye should go and bear fruit, For our worries and for all our This is primary, for before there can and that your fruit Ishould thoughtlessness t hat h a v e be any enthusiasm for missions there abide: that whatsoever ye shall dimmed our vision of Thy loving must be enthusiasm for the Gospel ask of the Father in my name, itself. The second chapter interprets he may give it you. face we claim Thy forgetfulness. the faith of the fathers and enquires May Thy peace and prayer be whether their children have kept that And the nth e significant upon our homes and with our faith. The third chapter analyzes the principles which compelled the expan- children and with all men and sion of Christianity in the early women everywhere. In His Church and endeavors to show that Name we pray. Amen.

searching command- THE CHRISTIAN MISSION these same principles are operative in These things I command you our modern world. The fourth chap- IN AMERICA ter considers some phases of the that ye may love one another. Church's task in transmitting the "There is a direct implication The very first sentence in Gospel to the younger generation and Hugh T. Kerr's book, "The opens interesting questions concernfor the inspiration of the home Christian Mission in America,"* ing the loyalty of youth to Christ builder and the home lover in speaks of "a moving of the dawn and the Church. The fifth chapter these words of the Master and in wind as if the morning were at examines the charter of the Christian the call to prayer. The corner- hand . . . Disillusioned as to Church and enquires into its allestone of the home is the family economic security and social giance to its message and mission. It altar and the very life of the progress there is confident hope seeks to present an apologia for the nation rises from the spiritual that the night is far spent and Church of today. The last chapter foundation of its homes," writes the day is at hand." introduces the reader to the inspiring Mrs. Daniel A. Poling, president motive and sustaining power of all of the Council of Women for More than one person may ask, missionary work-the cross of Christ, Home Missions. "What shall we Christians do which is in our age as in every age about it?" If the answer is the power and the wisdom of God. "What are we doing to build "Study, and think before actand to rebuild the American ing," the question comes back, WORLD PEACE AND THE Christian home? Here is a fair ''We have studied and we have question. Certainly more real thought, to what purpose? Let's CHRISTIAN CITIZEN preparation is needed. do something." Surely what we A program for church women "There will be few to question • To be publlsbed In May by Council or prepared by Mrs. Thomas Conthe statement that the mother's 'Vomen for Home Missions and MiSSionary yngton and Mrs. Pierson P. Harvocation is the greatest of all. Education Movement. ris of the Mid-Atlantic Confer- Her task, her burden is very ence, Congregational-Christian Women's Association.

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WOMEN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

I. Opening Service. III. Moral Disarmament-The into the faces of the world Hymn-O God of Love, 0 Disarmed Mind (Service through the light of Christ's re- King of Peace, (Tune of worship to be held at gard for personality, that we Hesperus). the close of a meeting for lose all sense of race rivalry and Scripture-Micah 4: 1-6; World Peace). hatred of alien skin and feat- Ephesians 4: 1-6. Call to Worship ures of ours as the superior hu- Prayer. manity and gain the desire to II. The wolf shall dwell with the grasp the hands of "our broth- Study Program. ers." Moral disarmament cannot ldaomwb~ and the leopard shall lie come through debate, or through A. Interdependence of with the kid; and the calf pages of figures, or through eco- Nations – economic; nomic necessity alone. When we political; social (mat- and the young lion and the fat- see personality shining through ters of health, use of the external, when we see that drugs, etc.); cul- ling together; and a little child personality as God's supreme tural. concern,-then only will we "dis- shall lead them. (Isaiah 11: 6). arm the hearts,"-then only will B. War Machinery – we realize that armaments, sus- counteracting peace In hearts too young for enmity picions, and prejudi~es which lead inevitably to conflIct, cannot progress, – ArI?Y There lies the way to make men free. be. We must make this a moral and Navy eqUIp- issue; we must make folks un- ment; munitions; When children's friendships are world- derstand that brother cannot power of organized kill brother any more than he war forces as ex- wide can violate other great moral pressed in personal interests, armament New ages will be glorified. laws. Do you remember Henry van interests, and R. o. Let child love child, and strife will Dyke's story of "Th~ H~ro and T. C. (Reserve Offi- cease; . Tin Soldiers" found III hIS book, c e r s' T r a i n i n g "The Valley of Vision"? It con- Corps) . Disarm the hearts, for that IS peace. cerns Captain Walter Mayne, C. Peace Machinery – home from war for Christmas working toward a Hymn: Choice of the following Day. One leg was gone 3;nd ~e negotiated rat her was ill but he was home WIth hIS than an enforced or a similar one, if these are family. When his eldest s<?n peace as expressed not· in hymn book: in – League of Na- came in with a big box. of tIll tions ; World Court; 1. These Things Shall Be-A soldiers sent by Aunt EmIly, the Nine – Pow~r Pact; Loftier Race. (No. 293 in The father said to the child, "You Kellogg – B ria n d have lots of other toys, you Pact (Stimson inter- New Hymnal for American know. Would you give the sol- pretation) . Youth.) D. Obligation of Chris- diers to me?" tian Citizens- 2. At Length There Dawns a Glorious Day. (No. 286 in The The child looked up at him 1. As voters, know puzzled for a moment; then a the position of candi- New Hymnal for American flash of comprehension passed dates on internation- over his face and he nodded val- al as well as national Youth.) iantly. "Sure, father, ~ou'~~ the affairs. Let them Captain; keep the soldIers. know yours. 3. In Christ There Is No East Then Captain Mayne burned 2. Make use of the or West. (No. 299 in The New power of public opin- Hymnal for American youth.) the soldiers and said to the pas- ion. Thought for the Day. (To be given by the Leader.) Recently I found a poem that was written soon after the World War, called "German Prisoners."

When first I saw you in the curious street I,ike some platoon of soldier ghosts in grey, . My mad impulse was all to smIte and slay, , To spit upon you-tread you neath my feet.

But when I saw how each sad soul did greet My gaze with no sign or defiant frown, .. How from tired eyes looked SPIritS broken down, tor sitting near by: 3. Unite with oth- er organizations in How each face showed the pale flag "If ever I find my little boy support of legisla- playing with tin soldiers, I shall tion helpful to the of defeat . spank him wel~. No, tha.t would And doubt, despair and disillUSIOn- ment, And how were grievous wounds on not be quite faIr, would It? But cause of Peace. many a head, And on your garb red-faced was other I shall tell him why he must not 4. Cooperate fully do it and I shall make him un- with all local groups red, derstand that it's an imp?ssible working in definite And how you stooped as men whose thing." ways for the further- strength was spent, I knew that we had suffered each as ance of international "I shall make him understand understanding. other, that it's an impossible thing." And could have grasped your hand 5. Continue study and cried, "My Brother!" Morally impossible! We, too, of international as -Joseph Lee. must find war morally impossi- well as national af- "When first I saw-how each ble. We, too, must have moral fairs. face!" It is only when we look disarmament. Our W orld~wide Outlook ~—===A=M=iss=ion=ary=N=ews=pa=per=of=Cu=rre=nt =Eve=nts—=I~'

AFRICA only one small rag to wear, gave Christian work among women him his only sin g let. This and girls 1" VVhat One Leper Did Christian boy who is an orphan, Visiting East Africa Through the g i f t s of the A mer i can Mission to Lepers, remembered when he himself nine brick cottages have been constructed to form a leper col- wan d ere d hopelessly about, Rev. W. S. Nelson of Tripoli, ony near Central Hospital at Elat, West Africa. L e per s sometimes insufficiently clad and Syria, writes of a visit to Ugancleared the ground, made the often hungry. da. A missionary who had brick and served as carpenters served there for 36 years told and masons under the direction -C. M. S. Outlook. of the American Presbyterian Mission. The Hospital Report A Congo Memory Contest him that when he first went to for 1932 tells of one leper, who, Uganda there were about 8,000 single handed, has been going In a preparatory school of the Christians in the state, while into neighboring villages doing Congo, where 12 men from Lolo now the enrolled Protestants are personal work with those who and 16 from Vungu had been in a quarter of a million, with an never attend church services. school for one year, the book of equal number of Catholics. In He has been used of God in win- Colossians was chosen for the a total population of three milning forty-five souls to Christ. Bible study, and a goal was set lion there are only 65,000 Mos- Other lepers, closely associated for each man to commit the with him; report sixty-two more whole book to memory. Some lems, so the Christian numbers that this one leper has brought read with difficulty, but there show a relatively large proporto a saving knowledge of Jesus was a remarkable measure of tion. There is a finely equipped Christ last year, thus making a success. Of ten participants Mengo Hospital operated by the total of 107 souls won. four received a perfect mark and the reward, a small French C. M. S. It has about 160 beds -Drum Call. Testament. After a competitor in all departments. As it has made four mistakes he was out the only X-ray in Uganda it VValk 140 Miles to School of the running. does all tbis kind of work for the in Africa -Congo Mission News. government h 0 s pit a I as well. Every effort is concentrated up- Five tribes are represented in the Boys' Agricultural Mission on efficient service. The visitor School at Katoke, British East Africa. There are fifty boarders Practical Progress in Angola can now travel in comfort and a village school with forty- through a region where less than five boys. Twenty-five boys Dr. H. S. Hollenbeck of the a century ago were dense jungles came on foot'from Bugufi, a dis- American Boa r d Mission at and savage men and beasts. tance of about 140 miles. Some Sachikela, West Central Africa, set out with just a thin cloth -Presbyterian Advance. and no blanket, and with only describes the Native Church as sufficient food to last two or three days. The journey takes practical and progressive, grow- Har.tzell School's New about eight days or more. The ing steadily in membership and Building natives in these parts are not maintaining its enthusiasm. To hospitable and will not ordinarily provide for and lodge a prove the point he compares the As a memorial to Bishop J 0stranger for a night. The boys simply trusted in God to help subjects for discussion at the seph C. Hartzell of the Methothem and all arrived safely. One was a boy of about eight. A Foreign Missions Conference at dist Episcopal Church there has Christian boy in the school, seeing that this little fellow had Atlantic City and those in An- been completed at Old Umtali, gola. At Atlantic City: "(a) Rhodesia, a new educational Village agriculture and indus- building for the Hartzell Train- try; (b) Health and hygiene in ing School, to train pastor-teach- villages; (c) Mass education; ers for Christian service. In (d) Specialized service for wom- 1900, Bishop Hartzell opened en and girls." The Native the work at Old Umtali and later Church agenda: "(a) How can under Bishop Johnson it spread the Church help make the med- until today the Rhodesia Mis- ical work more effective in the sion Conference has four dis- village?; (b) What can we do to tricts. The Christian commu- improve our agriculture?; (c) nity numbers 7,500, and there How can we encourage larger at- are 6,000 Sunday-school pupils tendance at school?; (d) What in n i net y schools. Hartzell steps can we take to promote Training School is the chief cen- [328]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ter for these four districts. Ra- Iraq Missions the injustice and evils of caste diating from here, the Christian With its entry into the League is going forward. As one result workers enter a territory of of Nations as an independent a proposal has been made by 62,500 square miles-the size of kingdom, Iraq has attained a de- some of the Hindu priests that the states of New York, New gree of publicity, and has shown a purification ceremony for out- Jersey and Massachusetts. some evidence of becoming in castes may be introduced to solve reality what it is in name. As the problem of permitting them -Christian Advocate. conditions to entrance into the to use the temples. The tide League, Iraq gave several guar- seems to be turning in favor of WESTERN ASIA antees, two of which affect mis- the removal of untouchability, a sions. One is freedom of con- curse which has for so long kept Bible Readers in Bible Lands science and worship, and the 60,000,000 Hindus in bondage free exercise of religious, edu- and poverty, ignorance and dis- The Bible Society has provided pair. funds to translate the Bible into cational and medical activities of A r a b i c and Armenian. The all denominations subject to the Bible Readers Association has maintenance of public order and High Caste Inquirers published 2,000 leaflets annually, morality. The other is of the containing daily Bible readings equal rights of racial, religious The Alliance mission in India and linguistic minorities. reports a unique situation in as a help to Sunday-school teach- their field. A number of high ers and students. In many vil- -Outlook of Missions. caste Hindus have been attractlage schools they are used in con- ed, and come to the mission nection with the daily prayers INDIA, BURMA AND SIAM bungalow at Murtizapur (Ber- ar) almost daily to read the in the school, so that actually India's Anti-Untouchability Bible and inquire concerning the many more than 2,000 persons Movement Way of Life. They are among the most influential men in the are benefited by the leaflets. A few years ago the Hindu town, and most of them are This Society seems to persuade caste system seemed like an in- wealthy. This, together with people of all ages and of many destructible barrier to Christian their high caste, makes it exceednationalities to read a portion of progress in India. Today there ingly difficult for them to accept the Bible each day. Today the are increasing evidences that the Christ, but some of them are Society has nearly a million system is slowly crumbling. An very near the Kingdom. members in many lands, includ- All – India Anti – Untouchability ing 2,000 or more in the Near -Alliance Weekly. East.-Bible Lands S. S. News.

A New Conference Center League has been founded and Indian Church Over 100 Mahatma Gandhi's fast has stim- Since the War, C h r i s t ian ulated the movement. Now he Years Old workers in the Near East have increasingly sensed the value of has announced a new fast be- Bruce Petta church, Bellary, conferences as a means for the cause he finds that caste is a has long passed its hundredth exchange of thought and expe- greater evil than he thought. birthday. It is the mot her rience, for increasing fellowship Church of the district, and has While Mr. Gandhi has aroused Hindu public opinion and led a membership of over a hundred and sixty. Some of the older and u n d e r s tan din g among many to think of the social evils members began life as Hindus, groups of workers. It follows of untouchability, orthodox Hin- but most have been born in that a permanent conference dus have also been aroused to center, devoted exclusively to defend the ancient custom and Christian homes and have little temptation to join in H in d u this great service, is found nec- its religious basis.. They are ap- feasts or ceremonies. On the essary, and the American Pres- whole, it is an educated group; byterian Mission has granted on pealing to the British Govern- many of the young men are ment's pledge of neutrality and teachers or in government servgenerous terms a five-year lease non – interference in religious ice. Also, many of the women of a building of the Mission in matters, strongly opposing the are teachers in government or Choueir, in which the Bible Untouchability Abolition Bill, mission schools. Lands Sunday School Union pur- proposed for the Central Legisposes to conduct annually dur- lative Assembly, and the Temple ing the summer months a con- Entry Bill for Madras. The ference center, hoping it may latter, which has been disap- If contributions are evidence, meet the needs of many mis- proved by the Viceroy, would this church has grown stronger; sions, societies, churches and permit untouchables to enter the it has not only paid all its ex- individuals for physical and temples-from a Christian view- penses but contributed toward spiritual refreshment. Several point a doubtful privilege. A the Council. The disappointing conferences, conventions and in- similar bi11 has been introduced feature is that it does not grow stitutes have been tentatively into the Legislative Assembly in" by additions from the Hindu booked for this summer. Delhi. community, yet it stands for def- -Bible Lands S. S. Union In the meantime the work of inite Christianity.

Leaflet. educating the Hindu public on -The L. M. S. Chronicle.

Aid for Pariahs nothing left. Others made sim- 2. Are not Hindu temples the lowest thing in Hinduism? Since September, 1932, the ilar sacrificial gifts. ANSWER: I do not think so for Government has allowed Mahatma Gandhi freedom to carryon Vellore Medical School Opened one moment. Temples are to work connected with the remov- Hindus what churches are to al of untouchability. Statements Vellore Medical School for Christians. . . That in Hinduism and interviews that emanate Women, the institution built and we have images of stone or metfrom his prison are eagerly read equipped through the untiring al inside temples makes to me no efforts of Dr. Ida Scudder, was difference. .. Deprive a Hindu and discussed by all classes. Work formally dedicated on December of his temple and you deprive in this connection has grown so 2, 1932. Streams of visitors him of the thing he generally made their way to the scene by much in volume and value that car or cart or afoot, while red prizes most in life. .. It is my it was thought advisable to start turbaned police made sure that conviction that temples are an a weekly paper exclusively for nothing should obstruct the way integral part of Hinduism.

discussion of topics related to the removal of untouchability. for the Governor of Madras, Salvation Army Commended The first number appeared on Lord Stanley. His speech and February 11 from Poona under that of the Surgeon-G e n era 1 G e n era I Higgins, Salvation the title Harijan, meaning liter- showed how deeply the Govern- Army Chief, has made a tour of ally "God's people." Mr. Gand- ment appreciates the aid which India. When presiding over a hi, [who has just been released mission institutions, such as this, Bombay City meeting in his honfrom prison and has begun an- supply in fighting disease and or, the governor of Bombay other prolonged fast] writes ignorance. The appreciation of said: most of the articles. the patients finds its voice in It is a relief in these days of con- fusion, even opposition, between pol- -Christian Century. such testimonies as this: "Oh, I itics and religion, to find a body of Sacrificial Giving-A Spiritual always go to Vellore Mission workers who prefer work to words, Hospital. There is no other and whose policy is to devote them- Tonic where they are so kind and lov- selves entirely to the practical issues ing, or where they take such of human life. They have chosen the Rev. W. G. Menzies of the pains to look after everyone, motto of Him who "went about do- Central Provinces gives the fol- rich or poor. My mother always ing good," and who inculcated the lowing proof that financial de- went to the Big Doctor (Dr. doctrine of rendering to all their dues. pression can be a spiritual tonic: Ida) and I always go to that young woman the Big Doctor In reply General Higgins said: "Our masons, carpenters and has trained. She knows just "The four Salvation Army ofother artisans have had about what to do." ficers that originally came to Infour months' work this year. dia have increased to 4,000 com- Some of their number suggested -Christian Intelligencer. missioned officers today; and that they would do better not to where there was only one Army have a Thanksgiving on account Mr. Gandhi on Hinduism center in Bombay in the old of unemployment and h a r d days, there are today 5,000 times. The farmers of the com- The answers given to Dr. E. centers." Reviewing the Army's munity have had little or no Stanley Jones by M a hat m a history in India he mentioned hauling to do and their prices Gandhi, during a recent conver- three stages in its growth: first for grain are so low that they sation in Yeravda prison, are one of persecution, when officers cannot afford to sell it, but they thus reported by Mr. Gandhi of the Army sometimes paid for decided to have their Thanksgiv- himself in The Indian Witness their convictions with the i r ing just the same. I have never (March 2, 1933). lives; one of misrepresentation, seen more heroic giving. Fifty when it was suggested that the maunds of grain were stacked 1. Why do you not try to do work of the officers was being at the rostrum in the church. away with the caste system al- done mainly for mercenary pur- Men, women and children came together? poses; and lastly a chapter of forward and in cash laid their appreciation and praise. off e ri n g on the table. It ANSWER – Untouchability as practiced in Hinduism is a sin -Dnyanodaya. against God and man … Un- amounted to Rs. 374 and others touchability of a healthy kind is Baptisms in Burma gave to bring it up to Rs. 400. undoubtedly to be found in the This exceeds many of the offer- Shastras and it is universal in In a section of Burma where ings they have given in years all religions. It is a rule of sani- the Gospel Teams toured some that were flourishing. This has tation. .. The castes are a social three years ago there gathered come about by continual teach- institution. There is nothing by the edge of a lake about six ing on stewardship and tithing. sinful about them. .. They are to eight hundred people. Twelve There were those in our midst no bar to spiritual progress … men in white coats received one that gave the widow's mite for I am a firm believer in Varna- after another candidates for they gave all they had in their shram … (four principal castes) baptism who had already been possession. One old couple gave They are a gift of Hinduism to accepted by their churches in their last four pice each and had mankind. nearby villages. It was found

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

that 353 persons had confessed weeks in the slack season, and village industries and agricul- Christ by baptism. More than to teach them to master a thou- tural cooperatives.

half came from families that had sand characters so that they can Most important of all is the found no satisfaction in Bud- read simple books written in this change of mind that has come dhism, and were now seeking it vocabulary. When they have over China's leaders who now in Christ. This was only one re- "graduated" fro m this first see that by proper programs the sult of the work of the Gospel stage they can take further· menace of recurring famines can Teams. Village pastors and the teaching in religion, improved be 0 v e r com e. Thousands of district evangelist, a leading man agricultural methods, or some square miles of fertile land are in Burma who two years ago subject allied to their particular now adequately assured of water represented the K are n s of occupation. One of the greatest through engineered irrigation Burma at the India Round Table advantages of the plan is that it works and are producing food Conferences held in Lon don, calls for active help from young, in spite of drouth while motor have been stirred up with the educated Christians. roads make possible the rapid power of the Holy Spirit. -C. M. S. Outlook. transportation of food into areas Cantonese Church, Bangkok Teaching the Illiterate in that otherwise would be plunged into the direst distress when The Christian work among Honan drouth, hail, locusts and other Chinese in Bangkok includes a Rev. J. H. Bruce, missionary calamities occur. school, an organized church, a of the United. Church of Can- Fighting the Opium Evil street chapel, and daily preach- ada, writes of country classes held at a village 40 miles west The "Anti-Opium Society," oring of the Gospel on the streets of Weihwei, Honan, a region ganized by Swatow Christian In- marked by poverty, ignorance stitute, South China and in of Bangkok. Important ad- and sin. Since few could read which other organizations are or write, the first lessons were represented, had a week of lecvances have been made in the Phonetic Script, which abo u t tures on the evils of opium. A thirty boys and girls succeeded petition was sent to the Provinwork of the Cantonese Church in learning in two weeks' time, cial Government, asking that being able to read Gospel of measures be taken to prohibit during the past year; the organ- Luke. Fifty-seven boys in all the raising of poppy plants. This were under instruction, in addi- was granted, and notices were ization of the Cantonese Church tion to adults. Twice a day all sent out to that effect, officials were drilled in the singing of being sent to see that the order with its national pastor, two hymns. Each noon the classes was enforced. Another petition would assemble to consider the which received favorable attenelders, seven deacons and a meaning of the Christian life, tion asked that in every large and all were urged to respond to city some provision be made for membership of 117 and the re- the call of Christ to follow Him. treating addicts of the habit. Three courtyards were furnished ception of nine persons on con- freely for the work and all ex- – Watchman-Examiner. penses were met by the Chinese. fession of faith, and three by Anti-mis'sion Films Not long after writing this letter. There was also a city- account, Mr. Bruce died of Under the title "The Bitter typhus fever, a disease which Tea of General Yen," a photowide evangelistic effort. Beside constantly menaces missionaries play expresses a most cynical at- who itinerate in villages. titude toward missionary effort. the regular Sunday morning, Every implication is of futility. -United Church Record. The Chinese attitude is one of afternoon and evening services, contempt. Time (January 23d) Famine Relief Work calls it "morally subversive and the Cantonese church has opened eloquently anti-Christian." The Dr. David A. Brown, Chair- Chinese scene is comprehended its doors at least four evenings man of the China Famine Relief, in battle, massacre and philo- (U. S. A.), has returned from a a week for evangelistic meetings.

Every morning the two pastors and other workers have met at the church for a brief season of prayer, after which they have gone forth to preach here and there throughout the city. Many and varied are their pulpits- dirty, narrow lanes, opium dens, s c h 0 0 I s, workshops, working men's mess houses, under green trees, in the scorching sun-but always sure of an audience of from one to more than a hun- dred. -Siam Outlook.

CHINA 10,000-mile trip of inspection of sophical cruelty. It seems to us the areas in ten provinces of unfair both to the Chinese and Northwest China in which fam- to the part taken by foreigners Rural Mass Education ine relief and prevention activ- in China.

The National Christian Coun- ities have been conducted during This presents an excellent opcil is laying emphasis on rural the past five years. He reports portunity for mission boards to evangelism and mass education encouraging results-roads built, . protest, and lead their constituin many parts of China. Briefly, irrigation projects completed encies in protesting against the method is to gather country and in progress, dykes construct- such gross misrepresentation. people into night schools or ed; the use of drouth resisting Communications may be ad- short-term day schools for a few seeds, and the establishment of dressed to H. E. Cole, vice-presi-

dent of Columbia Pictures, 729 stored many will be able to re- of the National Christian Coun- Seventh Avenue, New York, and cil of China, after summing up to Carl E. Milliken, Motion Pic- turn to their farms and some political and soc i a I developture Producers and Distributors ments, said: of America, 28 We s t 44th churches will be reestablished, Street, New York. It would be an ungrateful act of but it will be years before the omission, if I should refrain from Gospel Jig-Saw Puzzles touching upon the question foremost loss is retrieved. Christians have in our minds, on the relationship be- Dr. H. G. Stockley, of Siaofu, tween Japan and China. By the contells in Conquest by Healing, of stood the test and faithfulness stant interchange of messages of syma new use for jig-saw puzzles. pathy and good will during the last "A friend recently gave us an has been manifest on every side. twelve months or so between our Naexcellent jig-saw puzzle. One tional Christian Councils and by the day my wife and I were discuss- While the bandits treat Chris- courageous stand taken by some J apaing this puzzle and the thought nese Christians, the Christians in our came to her to get some of them tian and non-Christian alike, two countries have come closer todone by a carpenter. The idea gether in the fellowship of prayer and then advanced a little further. communists have not shown like sorrow, although our respective coun- Why not use some of the pic- tries seem to drift farther apart . . . tures put out by the Christian impartiality, and the lives of The fate of mankind . . . calls for Literature Society, Christ seek- action on the part of Christians. . . . ing the lost lamb on the moun- leading Christians are constant- Will the salvation of nations lie in tain side, the picture represent- wars and more wars? God forbid! ing Christ with the children of ly threatened. Not a few have The Christians of the world, especialthe world gathered around him, ly those in Japan and China, must agand other such pictures? So we elected to die rather than deny gressively and incessantly work for called the carpenter and had the cause of justice between nations, him prepare a number of these, their Lord. These have proved peace on earth and good will among so that now each ward has two men … jig-saw puzzles, each with a a great inspiration to other Bible message behind it. The To send messages of greetings and evangelists have been instruct- Christians so that a deepening to exchange fraternal delegates withed to tell the patients the mean- out sharing with each other the heavy ing of the pictures they are piec- of spiritual life, with new en- burden of a common task in Chrising together. It gives us pleas- tianizing the international relationure to see the patients at all thusiasm in preaching has been ships between our two nations, espetimes playing with these puz- cially at this extraordinary time, zles, and, we trust, getting a apparent, and every Sunday sees seems to me to miss a great oppormessage from them. tunity in our Christian fellowship. In a number of decisions regis- spite of the small numbers of Chris- The Church in Manchuria tians in our two countries, let us tered. -Korean Echoes. therefore rededicate ourselves and re- As might be expected, the double our efforts in the cause of In- Church in East Manchuria has Missionaries in War Zone ternational justice and good will. been seriously affected by events Then and only then shall we be laying of the past year. A year ago The Japanese advance in the foundation for a lasting internaone hundred out-stations were North China has brought immi- tional peace. reported in this field. Today nent peril and destruction to there are not more than fifty, missions in that area. On April -Missionary Herald. and many of these are so de- 20th, cable reports stated that pleted that their future is very J a pan e s e bombs had been JAPAN-CHOSEN uncertain. Since, on the whole, dropped on the American Methlife and property have been odist mission property at Myun- Religious Hunger more secure in towns than in hsien, (a few miles south of the the country, large numbers of Great Wall) seriously damaging The Higashi Hongan temple refugees have crowded into the the buildings but causing no loss in Kyoto, headquarters of the towns. Most of these churches of life. The School for Amer- Shin sect of Buddhism in Japan, have therefore gained very con- ican Children at Tungchow, east has appropriated 20,000 yen to siderably in numbers but not in of Peiping, was also reported open a school for farmer priests financial strength. Four village bombed, endangering the lives in Manchuria and is expecting church buildings have bee n of some 200 American children. to plant a Buddhist colony there. burned. The fifty churches which There is apprehension for the Christian churches also are busy have gone out of existence en- Peking Medical University and making plans for evangelism tirely were in districts where the Yenching University, in case among both Japanese and Manconditions were such that all the Japanese undertake to oc- churians in the new state. Rev. had to flee. When peace is re- cupy the city. The seaport town Rokuro Miyazawa reports that of Shan-hai-kwan, where the moral conditions there are al- American Methodists have a sta- most indescribable, approximat- tion; the summer resort Peitai- ing frontier days in the Amer- ho, where there is a large sum- ican west. mer missionary colony, and other places between the Great Writing of religious condi- Wall and the Lwan River have tions in Japan, Toyohiko Kaga- fallen into the hands of the J ap- wa says: "Although there is a anese. Tientsin, where there are wave of atheism abroad in the fourteen missions; Tang Shan, country, wherever I go in Japan, a united Methodist mission sta- tion, Changli and Tsun wha, American Methodist mission stations are among the stations in the area of conflict.

Japanese- .to Chinese Christians At the All-Japan Christian Conference held in Tokyo, Mr. Chang Fu-liang, Rural Secretary

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and without exception in every the fall of the yen, the gain in pines has equipped his Bible town and all villages, there is a exchange has made possible a coach with a loud speaker for hunger to hear the Gospel. Near better job and better equipment. both victrola and microphone -Congregationalist. connections. Pro g ram s are the most famous shrine in all Japan there is a strong radical Campaign Results in Chosen broadcast by switching back and party, for there are many out- forth from records to micro- casts there. In five days of Scattered reports show some phone. A motor installed in the meetings thousands cam e to res u Its of the "Nation-wide coach drives the mechanism hear, including all kinds of Evangelistic Campaign." where electricity is not availa- creeds, with fascists and com- In one place, two college stu- ble. The soc i e t y has been munists." dents held a three-day revival, swamped with invitations for Missionary By-Products the attendance increasing from outdoor meetings. 50 on the first day to 600 on the In the Philippine Islands, Mission work has many by- third. there is nearly as much preach- products. J. P. Moore, of the A new church, established ing under the open sky as in- Reformed Church in the United only last year, took in 20 new side buildings. A concert of States, enumerates so m e of believers as a result of special sacred music attracts the people.

these in Japan. In all the prin- meetings. They crowd around the Bible cipal cities there are charity or- Another country church which Society's coach to see what's go- ganizations. There are now asy- has a congregation of about 200, ing on, and how. They soon find lums for the care of the needy; reports 60 new members this that this coach is a bookstore as orphanages, most of them or- winter. well as an enormous music-box; ganized and fostered by Chris- Sun Kyori, in the industrial for the sides are lifted and shelf tians-Japanese and missiona- suburbs of Pyengyang, a five- upon shelf filled with Scriptures ries; and asylums for the insane. year-old church of less than 300 come into view. That gives the Formerly the s e unfortunates adults, had a week of revival colporteur his opportunity. Long were put in cages by families to meetings during which 118 men after the meeting has closed, which the insane belonged. Now and women decided to become groups of men and women lin- they are mostly cared for by the Christians. ger about the automobile to hear Japan authorities. There are no At Muchin, in the country, extracts read from the Bible and poorhouses, because according over 200 people attended special to purchase copies for them- to law and custom the poor and meetings for two weeks, with 50 selves; worship is stimulated, aged are cared for by their rela- new believers as a result. instruction given and the people tives. There are homes for lep- Another church reports that are drawn together. -Christian Advocate. ers, and schools for the blind. its congregation of 50 has grown The Red Cross Society is coun- to 200. Filipino Becomes "Y" try-wide, and the Emperor Two Bible Women brought in heads it.-Outlook of Missions. 47 new believers during a week's Secretary class. Where Depression Helped The Y. M. C. A. in the Philip- A new Sunday school, started pines now has a Filipino Secre- New buildings are nearing last June, reports the follow- tary, Mr. Jesus Dineros. The completion for three institutions ing weekly increases for last "Y" came to the Philippines maintained by the American with the soldiers and sailors in Board, Kobe College, Glory Kin- month: first Sunday, 81; sec- 1898. Nine years later, the dergarten and the Women's ond Sunday, 96; third Sunday, American-European branch was Evangelistic School. It was for- 121; and fourth Sunday, 165; organized. Then in rapid suctunate that Kobe College com- cession the Filipino "Y" was inpleted its building-fund cam- an increase of over 100 % in one corporated in 1911; the city and paign in July, 1929, prior to the student buildings threw open Wall Street crash, which would month. their doors in 1915; the armyhave made the raising of the navy branch was inaugurated in fund next to impossible. Even At Nansan, a small country 1918; the Chinese "Y" organized allowing for possible loss on village, six years ago one man in 1922 and a program of probuilding-fund securities and the went to church Sunday by Sun- vincial expansion launched in usual percentage of noncollec- day, rang the church bell, and 1923. -Christian Century. tion of pledges, the college is held services all alone, the only Christian in the village: this winter evangelistic services were attended by about 70 Christians and as many non-Christians, and still advantaged in the amount over 500 yen were raised for a Moros Carry On of yen available for the new new church building.

equipment. The Bible School, -Station Letter. Another outgrowth of Dr.

through the sale of its old prop- Frank C. Laubach's work in lit- erty, has acquired a larger cam- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC. eracy for Filipinos is the move pus of cheaper land near the new on the par t of enthusiastic Kobe College buildings. Al- Musical Bible Coach young Moros to organize Eng- though these building programs The Secretary of the Amer- lish-speaking societies to carry were worked through prior to ican Bible Society in the Philip- forward the work begun by Dr.

Laubach. These societies list 29 prayer on the part of churches lar crisis faces other denomina- forms of useful service including that had become cold and indif- tional institutions. Comment- the spread of knowledge in im- ferent, and has been accompa- ing on these facts, the Union proved methods of agriculture, nied by a mighty outpouring of maintains that "all contempo- animal husbandry, and proper the Spirit of God. The awaken- rary life and problems verify health measures. They hope to ing is more pronounced among the claim so long made by the collect Moro literature and put the youth of the country. Church and Christian college, it into print; encourage native – Watchman-Examiner. that the dominant and ultimate arts and crafts; promote new need is for intelligent Christian ideas in education. Number 10 A New Hawaiian Church character, for a release of our on the list reads "to act as peace- spiritual forces in order that the makers among the Moros and On a recent Sunday, at the moral life on which civilization between the Moros and Chris- church building now under con- rests may be restored and maintians," while number 29 says "to struction b y the Methodist tained. The supreme influence prepare ourselves to be worthy Board of Missions at Kahaluu, through which this is to be of the leadership of this prov- sixty-five were baptized, one of brought about is the Church. ince, which will fall upon our the largest group baptisms for But along with the home the shoulders as we grow older." greatest channel through which many years. The baptism was the Church is to gain this result The Bible in Bali by family-in many cases en- is the Christian College."

The charming island of Bali tire families, including father, -Presbyterian Banner. mother, children and other relahas attracted attention both for tions requested baptism. The its beauty and interest. historical background of this Churches Survive Depression church is of unusual interest. The first attempt to give the Some eighteen years ago E. In Texas, while one out of Bali people the Bible in their Tokimasa, Japanese manager every 22 business and industrial own language was recently com- for Libby, McNeill & Libby, who concerns went into bankruptcy pleted by Missionary Vielhauer had once been connected with during the past three years, and of the Basel Mission, who has the Methodist Mission, proved one out of every six banks was published the New Testament, so helpful an influence as a forced by failure to close, only translated by him in spite of Christian business man that the one out of every 40 colleges, one many difficulties. For example, Japanese with whom he had con- of every 45 hospitals, and only they have no word for "river" tacts have been anxious to have one of every 2,344 churches have and are com p e 11 e d to say a church of their own. been closed on account of finan- "water." They have no words His daughter organized a Sun- cial difficulties. for colors and can distinguish day school, gathered the children only three, white, red and black. about her, and fostered a reli- -Presbyterian Advance.

They have no word for "light," gious culture in the community. Religious Trends although they have one for The result, after several years, Herbert Hoover's Commission is a substantial church, in which on Social Trends reported that darkness. In John 8: 12 Mr. the Japanese community is co- Protestant church membership Vielhauer was compelled to operating heartily. kept pace with the growth of population fro m 1926-1931; translate, "I am as the sun and -Christian Advocate. while from 1916-1926 church enlighten the world." For the expenditures inc rea sed 501)'0 idea of God, he found only a NORTH AMERICA more rapidly than the national word that has a disturbing con- income. Today, as a generation nection with woods. The people Colleges Face a Crisis ago, the church rolls contain the of Bali think of divinity only as names of five women to every a forest spirit. As there was The Presbyterian ColI e g e four men. In Negro churches absolutely no word for "spirit" Union has summarized condi- the proportion is five to three. the translator was obliged to say tions in the 34 Presbyterian col- Ninety-three per cent of the Ro- "breath." These examples might leges. These contain twentybe multiplied. two thousand students, eighteen A Real Revival in New hundred professors, with college man Catholic priests and 59 per Zealand plants worth thirty-four million cent of the Protestant ministers dollars and endowments of are college or seminary gradu- ANew Zealand business man thirty-two millions, of which ten ates. In 1910, at the world miswrites of a spiritual revival now and a half millions now yield no sionary conference in Edintaking place. He reports that income. Debts of four and a burgh, the chief objective was hundreds of b a c k s lid den half million threaten the exist- "The World for Christ in this churches have been revived, and ence of the colleges. Salaries Generation"; in Jerusalem, in that many hundreds of people have been reduced 10 to 35 per 1928, it was "Sharing Spiritual outside the churches have made cent, hundreds of well-trained Values." In 1909, 94% of misan open confession of Christ as professors may be obliged to re- sion funds came from living do- Saviour and Lord. The move- sign and students are being nors; in 1929, only 89%. -The Churchman. ment began with repentance and cramped to the limit. A simi-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Great Commission Prayer peal is used, and when this ap- From Mt. Katahdin to Ta- peal goes home it is most effect- coma most of our mountains League ive of all. have been named by the Indians. As it enters its twenty-third As to our rivers-Piscataqua, year, this League reports a total of more than 250,000 confes- "God's Acre" Ohio, Monongahela, Mississippi, sions of Christ in answer to Missouri, and on to the Yakima prayer. Millions of pages of The spread of the "God's are Indian names. Acre" movement is infusing new tracts, leaflets and bulletins on life into hundreds of country Indians named Lake Winneprayer have been mailed to churches, according to the New pesaukee, the Finger Lakes, and members upon request. York Times. The number of all the Great Lakes except Su- people participating is double perior. Funds for this movement are that of last year. Some of the received in answer to prayer. mission churches in the Philip- George W. Hinman, in his Seven principles laid down by pines, Burma, Siam, India and book, "The American Indian and Thomas E. Stevens, the founder, South Africa are adopting this Christian Missions," tells the have guided the League's efforts. plan for raising money. Differ- story of missionary work among They are: ent names are applied in differ- these "first families." ent places as "God's Acre," the 1. The exaltation of Christ rather '~Lord's Acre," the "Lord's Lutherans Move Forward than any human name. The Lutheran Foreign Mis- 2. Fun devotion to the vital doctrines of the Word of God. sions Conference, at its 1933 Plot," "Planting for the Lord" session in Chicago, last Febru- 3. The showing of the Spirit of ary, made two important moves. Christ to alI similar movements and and the "Lord's Portion." The The first is the appointment of every evangelical church, without "en- participants dedicate a certain a committee to prepare "A Plan tangling aUiances." part of their portion to the of Cooperative Possibilities on the Part of the Lutheran For- 4. Strict avoidance of debt, com- church, the proceeds being given eign Boards in America." Repmercialism and fleshly ambition. to carryon the activity of the 5. Its methods to be kept open to church.-United Presbyterian. the members of the Body of Christ. resentatives are to be appointed 6. All correspondence kept as a by the Boards themselves. The second has to do with the prosacred trust. Advance in Southland gram for 1933-34, and calls for a 7. No personal or public appeals two-day session at a convenient- The Southern Presbyterian ly central part to which all misfor money on behalf of the League. Home Board has been making sionaries on furlough and all signal progress in the southwest. secretaries of boards and board -Sunday School Times. Calvin Institute has become Ok- members shall be present. It lahoma Presbyterian College, was decided that the program Save-A-Life League valued at $325,000. Stillman In- should be arranged so as to give stitute for training Negro min- time for conferences and discus- Among the many welfare isters had in 1901 only $10,000 sions of "The Problems and Opagencies found necessary in worth of equipment and a hand- portunities Com m 0 n to All these times of stress is the Na- ful of students; now it has 110 Lutheran Foreign Mis s ion tional Save-a-Life League, with acres and a plant valued at Boards." headquarters at 299 Madison $300,000, and has educated 500. Ave., New York. Officials of Again, in 1901, the Church was Black Man's Burden this League have evidence that carrying on its work among the the suicide impulse is almost al- Mexicans of Texas almost with- Negroes form one-tenth of ways induced by sudden loss of out equipment. Now every the popUlation of the United mental poise which can be re- fourth Christian among Texas States, but own only 1/140 per stored by the right influence. The Mexicans, other than Catholics, cent of the wealth. Their per fact that suicides in New York is a Presbyterian, and the capita wealth is $215 as com- City for 1932 numbered 111 Church has two schools for them pared with $3,000 for the averless than the total for 1931, a valued at $200,000. period when suicides in the nation as a whole have been stead- -The Christian Century. ily increasing,-is substantial proof that the League's efforts are bringing results. In one The Indian and Missions age American. In those southday, 18 persons were won over ern states where eight of the to a more hopeful outlook on The Indians may be called a twelve million Negroes I i v e life. During the first six months "Vanishing Race," but their im- there is not one Negro member of 1932, 1,738 persons came to print will always remain upon of a legislature, not a Negro who Dr. H. M. Warren, president of America. Consider that: holds a county office, not a mem- the League, both by letter and One-half our states have In- ber of a city council. Negroes personal call. He and his as- dian names. are thus taxed without repre- sistants first persuade them to Thirty counties in Michigan. sentation. In the sixteen for- delay, there is never argument, are named after Indians. mer slave states, during 1930, then work toward rebuilding In both New York and Iowa over a million Negro children of confidence. To those amenable are seventeen counties bearing school age were not in school to such method, the religious ap- Indian names. one day in the year. Southern

Negro children, forming a third to Port Barrow, and from Nome ical or religious subject I de- of the school population, re- to Juneau, including Yukon ter- sire." -Christian Advocate.

ceived but a tenth of the school ritory. Every mail brings let- Obstacles in Venezuela funds, while the average term ters telling of groups of miners for the million and a half who and others who gather for these Mr. George W. Jackson, of the services in the homes of their Orinoco River Mission, Veneattended school was only six zuela, gives the following ac- friends. Contributions to main- count of an evangelistic trip to months. Many of the persons tain this service come from San Antonio: Stewart, Yukon Territory, to the thus called and treated as "Ne- Aleutien Islands and southeast- The people had been told I was a ern Alaska. black man with burning red eyes, that groes" are predominantly of I was a devil, and that I,was paying -Presbyterian Advance. Nordic blood, with perhaps one Negro great-grandparent out of sixteen. -The Crisis.

Japanese-Americans each convert twenty cents a day and LATIN AMERICA two bottles of milk. We entered the town, to find the doorways crowded The Japanese in California are steadily decreasing through Against Odds in Puerto Rico with curious people. Securing a house return of considerable numbers for meetings we held the first service to their home country, but there Two destructive hurricanes with a good crowd and good order. is a rising tide of second genera- within a short period might well In the evening there was some distion Japanese. The California prevent the paying off of ·a order outside. Presently, the mayor Health Bureau reports 76,000 church mortgage, yet Puerto appeared with twelve armed men, and Rican Baptists in Rio Piedras took fourteen of our Christian men American-born Japanese in Cal- sent the following letter to the prisoners. I tried to speak with him, ifornia. The birth rate is esti- Home Mission Society: but was curtly told to appear at the mated at 5,000 a year. The de- police station in the morning. The cline of the first generation and With the loan of $5,000 six years men were not permitted to take their the rise of the second is expected ago a parsonage was erected . . . hats, hammocks or blankets. I asked to be greater and greater, due to Each year with the exception of 1928, permission to accompany them, but the fact that the influx of the when the hurricane hit the Island, we was refused. After spending most of first generation from Japan has have repaid $1,000. In September, the night in prayer I was preparing been greatly cut off during the 1932, when another hurricane hit us to go to the police station, when two past 18 years, and the average and did great damage to the parson- policemen arrived to take the women age of the first generation is age as weU as destroying over 30 of the house prisoners and to bring thought to be between 50 and homes of members of the church, we me before the mayor. After some 55. Therefore the Christianiza- felt that it would be impossible to palaver he finaUy dismissed me, and tion of the Japanese community complete the payment. But we trust- I asked if we were free to continue rests largely upon the second ed in God and went forward, with the the meetings, to which he replied, result that as we closed the year, we were able to cancel our complete debt. "Yes." But when the men arrived they came with a different story. He had -Missions. threatened to shoot them and to put the women to sweeping the streets if they did not give up their religion.

generation. There is at present "Philosophy Chats" in Chile They all said they would be quite glad a real s p i r i t u a 1 awakening to do that for Christ's sake. After among them. Dr. George P. Howard has another interview with the mayor the been successful in giving radio heart of a lawyer was moved so that The Reformed Church in the sermons 0 v era commercial he wrote a permit which he requested United States has sent mission- broadcast in Valparaiso, Chile. the mayor to sign, granting us freearies, kindergarten, social and He call s them "Philosophy dom to hold meetings. In the two educational directors to Califor- Chats" and says: "I have dis- foUowing public meetings souls were nia to take up the challenge to covered that these people will really saved. help these Japanese-Americans listen eagerly to a religious talk, to become responsible Chris- provided it is not labeled 'reli- Christian Living Taught tians. They endeavor to give gion.' Roman Catholicism here reI i g i 0 u s instruction to the has spoiled that word." On one Colegio Internacional at Asunyoung people through well-or- occasion talks were given be- cion, Paraguay, like other misganized Sunday schools, through tween acts of a grand opera sion schools, lays chief emphasis young people's societies, lead- broadcast, with the nation of on the development of Christian er's training classes, Boy Scout music-listeners as audience. "My character. It is recognized that and personal counseling. subject that evening was the mere teaching of the Bible and sacred literature will not ensure -Outlook of Missions. Christ-like living, and that every day personal conduct is the es- Radio Preaching in Alaska Christian solution of the prob- sential dynamic. Classes teach- lem of the struggle between the ing Christian principles are Rev. E. L. Winterberger, min- individual and society. The fol- called "Conversations." Her e ister at First Presbyterian lowing day the editor of a So- moral, social, educational and church, Anchorage, Alaska, with cialist paper and one of the or- religious problems are discussed.

his singers broadcasts an hour's ganizers of a workingman's It is recognized that religion has service from 8: 45-9 : 45 every 'university,' invited me to be- to do with every phase of life, Sunday evening, and in this come one of their lecturers. I and students search all over the service practically covers the have carte blanche to talk to city for facts and illustrations.

whole of Alaska from Ketchican them on any cultural, philosoph- Four distinct methods of incul-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

eating Christian teachings are International Missionary Council (De- tire Gospel of John lJy heart. e m p loy e d at the School: partment of Social and Industrial In the course of this journey through the personal influence Research). of the Christian tea c her; 400 copies of the Gospel were World's Committee of the Y. M. C. A. sold. -Bible in the World. World's Committee of the Y. W. C… A. through the teachings of the World's Student Federation.

Bible and principles of Christian Leaders of the World's Sun- Rome Prepares for a Campaign living in each grade in the day School Association hope that this organization may also be According to both secular and School, with required attend- religious papers, the Vatican is ance; through the Sunday morn- represented, since its religious preparing a campaign in anticing service; conducted for all education program is deeply con- ipation of the time when Soviet the boarding students, on the Russia will abandon its antisame lines as a like service in cerned with the issues that are religious policy and again allow the United States; and through centered here – World Peace, Christianity to have an open the extension work of the insti- Disarmament, Protection of field for action. Rome is pretution, consisting of public lec- Women and Children, Anti-Op- paring colleges for training stutures and the participation of ium Activities, and the like.

the Christian teacher in the life France Promotes Buddhism dents in the mentality and the of the community through the history, as well as the Liturgies, Rotary Club, federal school and The well edited and beautiful- etc., of the Eastern Church. government institutions, and the ly illustrated Catholic mission Monasteries are working intennumerous activities in the com- journal Die Katholisher Mission- sively at this in Belgium, Czechomunity where both privately and en publishes a statement on this slovakia and Poland. Many of publicly these Christian educa- subject from which we quote the the teachers are of the Dominitors are making a profound con- following: can Order, and the colleges are tribution to spiritual values. The French colonial government in located at various points, some -World Call. Cambodia distributed money among in Rome, others on the field ex- the animistic population for the EUROPE spread of Buddhism and entered them pected to be conquered. It is Income Rises-Costs Fall officially under the caption "diplomatic hoped that Rome, who has al- presents." These, observes the maga- ways had her ear to the ground, zine, are the political reasons that is justified in her belief that the In the memory of most peo- make a "Christian" colonial govern- Soviet policy is c e r t a into ple, last year was the darkest ment the missionary of heathenism. change.-The Living Church.

This agrees with the address of the financially for Scotland, yet the governor-general to the king of Cam- bodia in which he called France a Unusual Celebration foreign mission income went up Buddhist power. The Apostolical Delby many thousands of pounds egate of Father India has accordingly This summer the churches in raised the question with the colonial Czechoslovakia, especially in in the Church of Scotland. The government, as to the reasons which Slovakia, will commemorate an total income was :£169,641 com- impelled them to give the preference unusual jubilee: in 833, 1100 pared with :£151,491 in 1931, to Buddhism over against Catholicism years ago, the first Christian and the total expenditure :£172,- in a population which as yet does not Church was built at Nitra, Slo- 795, compared with :£176,267. know either. vakia, by Prince Pribina, whose dominions included present-day There was also received at head- Gipsies in Germany Slovakia and North Hungary, at quarters £5,708 toward the liq- a time when, before the invasion uidation of last year's deficit. The Gipsy mission in Berlin of the Magyars, those realms This giving was in response to has a real gipsy caravan, with were purely Slavonic. This the assembly's appeal to prevent two horses, and a worker for the church is older than any other cuts in the missionaries' salaries British and Foreign Bible So- in present-day Bohemia and Moand curtailment of the work. ciety worked among the Gipsies ravia. It was built a generation The ministry committee has for two months the past sum- before the coming of the "Slaannounced that in spite of a cur- mer, accompanied by a young vonic apostles" of Christianity, tailed income, the minimum sti- Gipsy convert as driver. The Cyril and Methodius, from Sapend has been maintained at first visit was in Pomerania, loniki to Moravia. This begin- £300 and a manse, through econ- where, in certain sections, police ning of the Christian mission is omies arising out of local church are hostile to the Gipsies; but unions. -Christian Century. upon reading the words "Gospel Religious Issues at Geneva Caravan of the Gipsy Mission" at the same time also the begin- allowed the workers to remain. ning of a civilization by which Seven religious organizations Three meetings were held at the Slavonic nation was conhave a representation in Ge- Naugard horse market, where nected with the ancient cultural neva: two thirds of the listeners were centers of Southern and West- World A II ian c e for International men. Sixty-nine Gospels were ern Europe. Protestantism in Friendship through the Churches. sold. Gipsies met on the road Czechoslovakia shows an in- proudly displayed the Gospels of crease from 990,000 in 1921 to Life and Work Committee of the 1,132,000 in 1930; the National Stockholm Conference. John which they had bought the year before. One knew the en- Church of Czechoslovakia grew EUropean Central Office for Inter- church Aid.

from 525,346 to 713,092, among seating capacity was taxed. Both one occasion a saloonkeeper a total population of 14,732,644. nationalities sat around the com- closed the barroom an hour ear- -The Brotherhood. munion table, while both Greek lier each night that he might and Armenian pastors, deacons give the traveling preacher a "Youth Week" in Bulgaria and deaconesses officiated. chance. One of the most out- The number of communist pe- -Congregationalist. standing bits of service rendered riodicals in Bulgaria has in- through the Missions of Biblical creased to forty-three. Methods MISCELLANEOUS Education is the correspondence, imported from Soviet Russia for whereby the evangelist and his "penetrating" s c h 0 0 I shave Back to Original Purpose workers keep in contact with rearoused strong protests among claimed and lonely, and freboth reI i g i 0 u s and patriotic The National Council of the quently discouraged, men and groups. In reply to the commu- Young Men's Christian Associa- tion has issued a call, prepared women.

nist campaign to win youth of by the Special Commission on Birthday Band Helps the school age, the Bulgarian Church Message and Purpose, which Blind recently organized a You t h summons secretaries of I 0 cal Week, with daily lectures in all branches to a new religious em- Robert A. Byers, a blind and parts of Sofia. These meetings phasis. The Council suggests paralyzed Christian of Australia, were held in restaurants, cine- that this begin with the gather- moved by the helplessness of mas and other public places, ing of little circles of like- blind girl babies in South India, where the most talented speak- minded members for prayer, dis- desired to save one of them. A ers in the church addressed large cussion and religious fellowship, friend suggested that he form a crowds. In all, fifty-five lectures and that these groups find some birthday band and solicit a shilwere given. A nation-wide ra- expression for their religious de- ling from his friends on their dio campaign carried not only votion. The Council hopes that birthdays. This was in 1918. He the lectures but musical pro- from these groups will spread grams to all parts of the coun- anew more of that spirit of found ten friends willing to help, try. Over 100,000 s p e cia II y these enlisted others, so that durprepared pamphlets were distrib- Christian consecration w h i c h ing his lifetime the Band was in characterized the beginning of touch with work for the blind uted; in short, the effect of hos- in twenty-one parts of the world. the movement. tile propaganda has been to stim- -Alliance Weekly. Its objectives are: To save inulate all the religious forces in fant life; to rescue blind orthe country to renewed activity. Meeting Human Need phans or castaway children from The "Father Paissy" Society, a federation of all patriotic and The "Missions of Bib I i c a I death, starvation, ill-treatment religious societies in Bulgaria, Education," with headquarters or worse, and support them in has just petitioned the govern- in Toronto, is an interdenomiment for more religious instruc- mission schools; to support blind tion in the schools. national organization which for evangelists and Bible-women, 23 years has ministered to a colporteurs and masseurs, home -The Living Church. vastly scattered and cosmopol- teachers and musicians, who itan company of folk. Personal work under the supervision of Fellowship in Saloniki contact with the lonely in iso- missionaries; to help supply the lated communities – the fishing Greek Evangelicals in Salon- settlements of the Maritime ever-increasing de man d for iki have in a brotherly spirit Provinces, the prairie home, the Scriptures and other literature shared their church with the mining town, the lumber camp, in Braille in heathen languages, Armenian Evangelicals, who are or the foreign-born colony – is by cooperating with other orrefugees with no church center made through evangelistic cam- ganizations engaged in t his of their own. During the Week paigns held in their midst by of Prayer union services were work; to put Gospel into Braille held. Greek, Armenian, Turk- Rev. F. A. Robinson, Director of by hand, and use it to begin piish and English were the lan- the work. Sometimes special oneer work for the blind in g u age s used throughout the services are held in redemptive places where nothing has been homes for girls, several meetings done for them before, and to help in any other way possible week. One evening the Greek being held each day during the to advance the interests of the pastor would lead the meeting campaign. Many curious set- blind in non-Christian lands. and the next an Armenian, but tings have featured the evangel- The Birthday Band cooperates when the meetings were thrown istic services held during these in work for the blind in India, open to the congregation for tes- twenty years in which Mr. Rob- Ceylon, Burma, China, Korea, timony, prayer or hymns, all the inson has devoted himself to this Japan, Palestine, Syria, Persia, different languages could be special work. Often a dance hall Egypt, Algiers, Nigeria, Sudan, heard from many parts of the has been converted into a mis- Morocco, Brazil, Chili, Peru, church. The little church was sion hall, while frequently an Philippine Islands, New Britain, packed each night. At the Sun- abandoned barroom has echoed Solomon Islands, Fiji and North day morning communion service with sacred song and prayer. On Australia. -Report Letter.

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Our Missionary Bookshelf I Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information I ~''-''I=-=——==–==============~~I~'

An African Pilgrimage. By A. M. Mr. Chirgwin left England in unto Christ, retaining the good Chirgwin. 12 mo. 158 pp. Paper, and dropping the bad features. 28. 6d. Student Christian Move- August, 1930, landed at Cape- I found my heart in my throat ment Press. London. 1932. town, traveled through Cape more than once as I realized the Province, Orange Free State, wonder of the thing." The "greatest religious expe- Natal, Transvaal, Basutoland, rience of my life" is what the Bechuanaland, Northern and *** author says of this year of travel Southern Rhodesia, Portuguese in Southern Africa and Mada- East Africa, Tanganyika, the In the description of the work gascar, visiting the mission sta- Belgian Congo, Zanzibar and in Cape Province one of the tions of the London Missionary Madagas-car. He saw missions most interesting narratives re- Society. In this "wonder year," and churches in all stages of de- lates to the "big meetings" as the author says, "I saw God at velopment-in the process of they are called. "It is a remarkwork, and I can say now as never planting, struggling for life, able festival-the most memorbefore I believe in the Holy emerging under native leader- able experience of the whole Ghost, the living, acting, work- ship and fully established as trip. . . . The people bring and ing God." self-governing and self-propa- cook their own food. . . . One party of seventeen had walked Mr. Chirgwin has selected gating. The story of what. he 160 miles, every inch on foot. from his exceedingly interesting saw is far from dry readmg. . . . Some five languages were letters the material chiefly relat- There are vital facts presented spoken. . . . Counting children ing to the planting and develop- there were about 1,000 people ment of the Christian Church in and there is life described in suf- assembled for the 'big meeting.' South Central Africa. He says: ficient detail to make the picture . . . Canterbury pilgrims were "I came back from my long tour, live. The author observes: not so numerous. . . . The first convinced that amongst the day was spent in an examination movements afoot in Africa to- "I was much impressed with of the catechumens by a speday, such as the break down of the way in which Christianity cially appointed committee. In tribal organization and moral- the Kuruman district there are ity, the coming in of western has spread in the Northern some 1,800 church members, industrialism, the trek to the Kalahari Desert. This is large- three ordained ministers, seven towns, there are many that are ly the work of native ministers evangelists and some elders and disintegrating and even sinister, and evangelists who, almost un- deacons. . . . Evangelists and but there is one that is construc- known as well as unseeing, have deacons reported on those whose tive and wholly welcome; that gone through this desolate land names were to be removed from one is the growth of an indige- the roll. During the year fifteen nous Christian Church." and have carried the Gospel had died and twenty-three had with them. fallen. This may sound terrible These delightful letters not but it is hardly more than one only give a vivid and instructive "In Bechuanaland, in the old per cent of the membership and description of the growth of the when we consider the conditions Church in Southern Africa but days, it was customary for the of life in native huts and vilthey are most interesting travel chief to arrange for a pagan lages, the terrific temptation a~d letters of an intelligent and care- strong sex urge, the figure IS ful observer. Here we read of service just before the people be- surprisingly low." the influence of the Africaner, or gan plowing. The object of tJ:le South African Dutchman, and of pagan rites was to secure fertIl- *** the growing use of Africa~s, tJ:le ity from the spirits of the earth Dutch-African tongue. LIfe m and air . . . when Khama be- There are also word pictures the Karoo and the veld are pic- of Tiger Kloof where church tured and we see the Africans- came chief the headmen asked leaders are trained, a visit to the Christian and heathen-in clear him to arrange for the rites as mines aIid a study of their probcontrast, with many lights and usual … Khama's reply was lems, the life in the "bush," and shadows. that if they wanted their rites following in the footsteps of they could have them, ~u~ as f?r himself and the ChrIstIans m the tribe they would have a meeting for prayer in the Kgotta. From that day the "Ploughing service" has taken place, but it has been baptized Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW pUblishers on receipt of price.

[339 ]

David Livingstone-all intensely but does not inspire. Its thesis says Dr. Niebuhr. Even in the interesting-but the ending of is the essentially irreconcilable most perfected form of social re- the book is rather abrupt with- conflict bet wee n the ethical demption the author believes out the gathering up of any gen- ideals of individual men and all that "the most effective agents eral conclusions. It is well the group areas in which men will be the men who have sub- worth reading-for Appraisers seek to carry out their individual stituted some new illusions for and others. ideals. The politico-social uni- the abandoned ones. The most verse is too much for morality. important of these illusions is The Dark Continent-Africa. By H. The latter has no promise for the that the collective life of man- A. Bernatzik. lIlus. quarto. 256 ills of society. With skillful, if kind can achieve perfect justice. pp. B. Waterman Co. New York. somewhat involved arguments, It is a very valuable illusion for Here is an unusual picture the author reviews the field and the moment; for justice cannot album of African people and the forces in and through which be approximated if the hope of scenes with 256 photogravure moral men seek to unravel the its perfect realization does not plates. The photographs are tangled threads of immoral so- generate a sublime madness in taken by a real artist and show ciety. The quest is interesting the soul. Nothing but such mad- realistically and attractively the and serious and not without al- ness will do battle with maligvaried scenery of mountains, luring aspects, but it is utterly nant power and 'spiritual wick- glaciers, fauna and flora, jun- futile. Every known type of edness in high places.' The gles, sands, rivers and lakes. philosophical as well as ethical illusion is dangerous because it Little is left to the imagination remedy for social ills is rigidly encourages terrible fanaticisms.

as to the way the people live and investigated and ruthlessly dis- It must therefore be brought un- do not dress-their dances, fe- carded. The author reaches no der the control of reason. One tishes and spirit houses, their real conclusion for the title of can only hope that reason will industries and customs, houses his volume is both its thesis and not destroy it before its work is and Christian churches. Some its finale. Moral man is shut up done." (p.277.) of the grotesque African cus- in the squirrel cage of economic, To such a withering climax toms must be seen at least in pic- political and social limitations. "Moral Men and Immoral So- tures, to be believed, but with all He may perch for a while upon ciety" leads us, or into such a many of the people are attrac- some comfortable round of the morass of utter f uti lit y it tive and intelligent in appear- wheel within the cage, may run plunges us. "Society" says the ance and their villages are pic- slowly or swiftly or may even author "is man's great fulfill- turesque though dirty. The va- try to run backward, but he is ment and his great frustration."

riety in landscape and in human fastened in a cage. So, with a wide sweep of his features, customs and houses in Dr. Neibuhr writes wit h hand he dismisses Christian so- various parts of the continent charm and conviction. The ease cial ethics and idealism and are clearly seen at a glance. Rel- with which he riddles fanciful leaves helpless man at the baf- ics of the stone age are pictured schemes "of the weal and the fling, buffeting mercy of his re- in ancient carvings and remark- woe" emboldens him to brand all volving cage – forever to be able rock paintings are shown ideals, hopes and aspirations as cabined and confined, always from southern Rhodesia. The illusory. He seems to be certain struggling, never achieving. Dr.

modern gold mines and diamond of only one thing, namely, that Niebuhr's philosophy does not mines are not so attractive and the human squirrel is in the cage claim to be called Christian, not interesting. of society with its revolving even in a unique sense of his The text accompanying this wheels; he is perhaps certain own, let alone in any of the traalbum is merely introductory also of a second thing-that the ditional molds. Liberal Protand gives a general description wheel will always be go in g estant Ohristianity, too, is given. of the territorial divisions of the around. The prologue of the a particular castigation and at continent where the photographs publisher, printed on the cover were taken. It might be well for the hand of one who has been intending missionaries to be- "What lies ahead of us is told in regarded as a most valiant come acquainted with the ap- this book-realistically, bravely devotee. pearance and surroundings of and clearly," is undoubtedly true their future parishioners, and if we are ready to grant that the Yes, man is a squirrel in an for supporters of missions to see author has insight and foresight inhospitable cage, according to some of the natives that need to such marked degrees. The Dr. Niebuhr. Even the nuts transformation. accompanying sentence of the which caprice or fate put in his cover page foreward, however, is not so conclusive. "Some- paws are either too hard to crack or empty when they are thing can be done about the opened. Yet this brilliant and wars, depressions, sufferings Moral Man and Immoral Society- candid author is too thorough- A Study in Ethics and Politics. By and follies of modern society and going to be summarily dismissed Reinhold Niebuhr. 8 vo. 280 pp. will be done inevitably." No, $2. Charles Scribner's, New York. nothing is to be done, nothing and too serious to be taken light- 1!l33. ly. The volume is rewarding can be done. It is an eternal reading for those who are will- Dr. Niebuhr's latest volume tragedy, not without its beauty, ing and ready to follow the provokes and greatly interests tragic procession of futilities,

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

led forth by one of our most the policy which they have now drive back the enemy. The whole penetrating thinkers. discarded as definitely destruc- shockingly medieval yet terribly tive, rather than constructive, of modern story of murder and WILLIAM HIRAM FOULKES. truly prosperous and progres- spoliation and pretenses and sive nations. broken promises, on the one China's Foreign Relations, 1917-1931. hand, and retreat and suffering By Robert T. Pollard, Ph.D., Assist- This is an excellent book to and disillusionment and despair, ant Professor of Oriental Studies, read in connection with the Lyt- on the other, is most graphically University of Washington. 416 pp. ton Commission's Report, as set forth, concluding with the $3.50. Macmillan, New York. 1933. each supplements the other. setting up of the puppet govern- ment of Manchoukuo, under the Amply documented, yet in at- COURTENAY H. FENN. nominal headship of Henry Pu tractive, pop u I a r language; Yi, the long deposed "boy emavoiding prolixity, yet affording Japanese Invasion of Manchuria and peror" of China. an a d e qua t e conspectus of Shanghai, from Sources Other China's relations with the world, Than Chinese. 8 vo. pp. XI, 445. Part III gives similar detailed especially during the last cen- Shanghai Bar Association, Shang- descriptions of the far m 0 r e tury, this book is heartily rec- hai, China, 1932. sharply contested Invasion of ommended to those who would Shanghai, with its enormous deunderstand the present political The Publicity Editor of the struction of Chinese lives and situation in the Far East from Shanghai Bar Association ex- property. the point of view of history. Dr. plains the purpose of this volume Pollard is eminently fair to as a compilation of articles from Part IV is concerned with China, showing a very real sym- the foreign language press, writ- Japan's Warlike Actions Elsepathy with her in her rudely where, in Mongolia, Tientsin, awakened realization of her own a ten by Europeans, Americans, J ahol, Nanking, Hangchow, etc. medieval weakness and her far from harmonious determination and few Japanese, during the Part V includes an article by to be strong; yet free from the period from September, 1931 to one of the few protesting Jappartiality of that unreasoning May, 1932, describing and judg- anese, and a large number of nationalism which repels, by its ing the Japanese Invasion of foreign press and individual manifest exaggerations, those China, which has stirred the views on Japan's defiance of the who read some of the works of world. Mr. Lei, with no other League of Nations, the Lytton Chinese partisans on the same comment than the headlines, has Commission, "The Sou I of theme. He is also fair to the simply provided the material for Japan," etc. nations of the West in setting a world judgment of the invaforth the provocations which sion, independent of the League These documents afford a very they have suffered while also de- of Nations and its Lytton Com- fair cross-section of the material picting in true perspective the mission. The First Part of his supplied to the Lytton Commisselfish exploitation which char- book records in detail the fam- sion while in China, which, with acterized too much of their ous "Tanaka Memorial," which their personal observations and earlier intercourse with China. was either the work of that rad- interviews in Manchuria, proved There is a clearly drawn con- ical premier or of a Japanese altogether convincing as to the tract between the commerce and military officer, in 1927, outlin- right and wrong in this undediplomacy of Europe and Amer- ing a Japanese policy of ruth- clared war, which still drags on ica during the last twelve years less world conquest. This was in defiance of world opinion. and that which had preceded it, followed, in December, 1931, by marking the dawn of a new era the Japanese General Honjo's C. H. FENN. in China's relations with all na- less detailed but even more outtions except Russia and Japan. spoken project, presented to Manchuria: Cradle of Conflict. By No nation has professed such Gen. Jiro Minami, Minister of Owen Lattimore. Maps. 331 pp. unselfish friendship for China as War, and a c com pan i e d by $3. Macmillan, New York. Russia, yet no nation has more sketches and plans. insidiously sought China's con- Mr. Lattimore shows a request; while Japan has con- The Second Part consists of markable first-hand knowledge tinued to show a complete un- descriptions of the military ef- of the Manchu, Chinese, and the willingness to abandon the old ficiency and moral unscrupulous- Mongolian psychology. All Sinspirit of imperialism in favor of ness with which Japan carried ologues will welcome this contrithe mutual helpfulness of the out her long prepared conquest bution to their libraries, and the new era. Rather than yield her of Manchuria, reprinted from volume will also be valuable to ruthless dominance of the Far Shanghai's Weekly News Maga- the heads of merchantile con- East, she will hold it in con- zines, some of the articles writ- cerns, and to others who seek to tempt of the judgment, and de- ten by eyewitnesses in Manchu- understand in some measure the fiance of the power, of the whole ria. Not only were the Chinese Far Eastern "Mind." Christian world. In this she has at least unprepared to resist this on- Mis s ion s, contemplating the been consistent since she first slaught of a vast military ma- opening up of new fields, will learned from Western nations chine, but in their desire for find the maps invaluable. Chap- peace and their loyalty to their ter four, dealing with Chinese pledge as a member of the Culture, is exceptionally good, League of Nations, they long de- although one fears that the "or- sisted from serious attempt to

dinary reader," even after try- Anglo-American Christianity re- Negro slave lad, barely rescued ing to grasp the difference be- ceives a far fairer treatment tween "East and West," will be than is usual in continental writ- from shipwreck on a slaving vesleft in a fog. Even "The World ings. Wherever the confessional Tourist" will find the book too books of any church are pre- sel, educated under missionary academic, but it is an excellent sented in translation, it is on the textbook for students specializ- whole done in versions that are guidance, he gave his life to the ing on Far Eastern questions. officially authorized in these churches, a thing which to the spread of the Christian faith EDWIN J. THARP. reviewer's mind is most com- mendable. The conclusion is de- among savage and barbarous Manchukuo-,Child of Conflict. By voted to a consideration of the K. K. Kawakami. Illustrated. 311 outlook for greater unity among tribes. He lived to see whole pp. $2. Macmillan, New York. Christians, in which the author pleads for freedom in politics, areas of Africa redeemed from This volume, written from a doctrine and worship. He offers Japanese viewpoint, will be wel- some suggestions for the federa- savagery and superstition. The comed by every unprejudiced tion of churches, among other lover of China. It teems with things, that Ohristians should story is well told, showing conin t ere st. The author, with unite in the Lord's Prayer after scarcely a trace of bias, unfolds making the following declara- ditions which have been almost the Sino-Japanese situation in a tion: "In the name of our Lord masterly fashion and, with a Jesus Christ and in the power of entirely eliminated largely by thorough understanding of the His Holy Spirit we pray in compresent chaotic con d i t ion s, munion with all Christians: Our the work of Christian missionmakes clear the necessity of Father," etc. someone putting China's house aries. C. B. McAFEE. in order for her. He suggests C. THEODORE BENZE. that Japan is giving her an ex- Case Studies of Present-Day Reliample of the way to do it, in Lutherisches Missonsjahrbuch. 1933. gious Teaching. By Hugh Hartwhat she (Japan) is doing in W. Gerber. Leipzig. H. G. Wall- Manchukuo. This work may baum. shorne and Elsa Lotz. 295 pp. $2. well be read after Mr. Owen Lat- Yale University Press. New Havtimore's Manchuria – Cradle of This de a r "old faithful," Conflict. Even the general read- which appeared now for 46 en, Conn. er will find this volume intri- years, is a volume of 158 pages guing in the extreme, but states- with the usual addition of statis- This volume presents the remen, politicians, merchants, and tical charts, and a full account churchmen should read it to get of the Lutheran Missions in all sults of a study of religious their minds straightened out. the world, particularly those Every mission in China, Man- conducted by German societies. training in Sunday schools, unchukuo, and Korea, will find the The American statistics are discussion illuminating. One given in full and there are two der the auspices of the Institute feels the American and Euro- separate articles on American pean world is indebted to Mr. Lutheran Missions, one on the of Social and Religious Research, Kawakami for throwing upon mission work of the United Luthe screen a very clear view of theran Church, by Dr. Augustus of which Dr. John R. Mott is the War-Iord-ruled-China. Steimle of New York City and one by Pastor Kuechler of .Ger- Chairman. It portrays actual in- EDWIN J. THARP. many on the entire work of the American Lutheran boards. The stances of present-day Protes- E cum e n i c a I Handbook of the volume also contains articles on Ohurches of Christ. By D. C. the mission to Israel. The year- tant religious teaching as exam- Fabricius. Translated by Ethel T. book is almost indispensable in Scheffauer and Yvo O. WaIn. 118 its field. ined in personal visits to 150 pages. 2.50 R. M. Ev. Pressver- band fur Deutschland. Berlin- C. THEODORE BENZE. classrooms of church schools, Steglitz. Samuel Crowther of the Niger. By week day schools of religion, The author, a professor in the Jesse Page. Illus. 190 pp. 2s. University of Berlin, in the In- Pickering & Inglis. London. young people's societies, relitroduction discusses various aspects of Unity and Variety in This is a reprint of an earlier gious clubs, vacation schools, and the Christian Religion. This is biography of one of the most infollowed by a historical review teresting figures of modern mis- a summer camp. The classes of the several churches in Chris- sionaI'Y history. Bishop Crowtendom. The sketch is so ex- ther died in 1891 and had given were selected as representative haustive that one has the im- the MS of this book his approval pression that no church of any as to accuracy of statement. A of the best teaching to be found account has been passed by. in the United States. The con- clusion of the investigators is that, in spite of the emphasis on methods found in texts and teacher's training schools and colleges, the ability to teach in accordance with these views is limited to relatively few teach- ers, and the authors endeavor to show how methods of teacher's training could be modified so as to improve the quality of the in- struction that is now given. The volume is an important contribu- tion to an improved curriculum of teacher's training, and a man- ual of sound, practical advice for teachers. A. J. BROWN.

Dan Crawford of Luanza. By John Hawthorn. 8 vo. 96 pp. Ish. Pickering and Inglis, 14 Paternos- ter Row. London.

Among the pioneer mission- aries of Africa Dan Crawford occupies an honored place and is perhaps best known by his unique book, "Thinking Black."

There is a larger life history Thomas Nelson & Sons. New York. ite Place: Olivet"; "His Favorwritten by his son-in-law, but for 1933. ite Time: Evening"; "His Faan introduction to one who was This book for teachers and vorite Tone of Voice: Loud"; known as "The Gatherer of the students, primarily for use in "His Favorite Attitude Toward People" this brief story of his the classroom, treats of the "His- Man." thirty-seven years in the inte- torical Jesus" and the "Religious In "His Favorite Attitude Torior of the Dark Continent will Interpretation of Jesus." The ward Man," we find in a refreshbe found readable and inspiring. 36 chapters are admirably out- ing way how much more Jesus JAMES CANTINE. lined for study, with Scriptural wants to serve us than for us to references and questions bear- serve Him; and here the author ing on salient points. The writ- Many Moons Ago and Now. By er's comments and conclusions places his unerring finger on Katherine E. Gladfelter. Maps (In- modern Christianity's greatest are followed by questions for dian Reservations in the United need. If Christians would let States). Illustrations (of Indian discussion and lists of reference their Lord first serve them in arts and crafts), Indian music. 132 hours of Bible study and prayer pp. Friendship Press. New York. readings. The arguments are what mighty service they could 1932. then render Him. The book de- brief and not involved and the serves a wide reading. The great interest in the American Indians at this time, style most pleasing. HOWARD A. ADAIR. because of the atmosphere of adventure and also the exploitation The attitude of the author to The Near East. 78 pp. 1s. Church of the Indians by white men, Missionary Society. London. 1932. will make this a welcome book his subject may be summed up among boys and girls. It will Egypt and the Sudan, Palesenable them to enter into the in his own words, "the under- tine and Transjordania and Perlives of Indian youth. The open- sia form the scenes in which is ing chapter on "Motive and standing of Jesus is beset with carried on the work described Method" is not only indispensa- here. It is a study book on misble to the understanding of the problf3ms at every turn-some sion work for Moslems and the rest of the book but suggests a stories told are full of life and new kind of missionary meeting, historical, others religious." His hope. Much information is giv- en about Moslems, their beliefs that not only has atmosphere but aim to be· to tell how modern and surroundings. The story of makes far away peoples as real opportunities and transformaas our neighbors. The leader scholarship would solve them. tions in Persia is particularly of boys and girls who wants an thrilling. appealing program will find it The trend of the studies is to admirably portrayed. It is Indigenous Ideals in Pra.ctice. By bound to develop true concep- magnify what is called "modern W. F. Rowlands. Pamphlet. Is. tions of Indian life and customs. Children have "played Indian" scholarship" (the term is used The Indigenous Church in Peru. By but here is playas Indians play. John Ritchie. Pamphlet. 6d. The book is inclusive in its study so often as to lose its appeal) at World Dominion Press. London. of Eastern Indians, Plains In- 1932. the expense of the traditional These pamphlets relate to the interpretation. It is a scholarly book for scholars, but its conclu- sions leave our Gospel maimed and impotent and Jesus divorced of much that has made him unique and supreme in our lives.

It may lead the student to see in Jesus "an ideal example and the most powerful of all spiritual energies," but it will not help him to say "My Lord and My God." JAMES CANTINE.

dians, and Indians of the South- The Partiality of Jesus. By E. C. building up of native Christian west. To the body of the book churches in North China and has been added chapters on arts Comfort. 154 pp. $1.25. The Re- Peru. The policy is to do thisand crafts with practical sug- not by foreign mission workers formed Press. Grand Rapids, Mich- igan. 1933.

gestions for copying the simpler "This book was written by a and funds, but by simple evan- gelism and Gospel teaching and forms, and a number of Indian man who has failed," says the the development of self-supportsongs with the melodies and author in the foreword. But the ing, self-governing churches. words. There is also a complete reader hastens to say that it was Every mission worker will firid reference list. To anyone who written by a man who at last has it worth while to read these testiwonders whether boys and girls gloriously succeeded. The author monies. can be interested in missions, the has had such a rich religious exanswer is "try the book." There perience that he thinks God must The Gospel of John-His Life and is ample opportunity for any be partial-to sinners. Hence, Writings. Dr. W. H. Griffith the title. Thomas. 8 vo. 372 pp. 4s. Pickleader to enrich the program ering & Inglis. London. 1932. wit h additional information Here is a series of meditations from one's own home mission on Eight of our Lord's Favor- The late Griffith Thomas was work among the Indians. ites. "His Favorite Friend: The a reverent and stimulating Bible FRANK A. SMITH. Sinner" ; "His Favorite Book: teacher. His studies in the Gos- The Career and Signi£lcance of Jesus. Deuteronomy" ; "His Favorite pel of John bring little new light By Walter Bell Denny, Professor Name for Himself: The Son of on their teachings but they· are of Philosophy and Religion, Russell Man"; "His Favorite Title for God: My Father"; "His Favor- analytical, spiritual, construc- Sage College. 8 vo. 466 pp. Maps. tive and practical. They form an

~~Why I Lisfen The Finality of Jesus Christ. Robert Sunday

fo Minisfers~~ E. Speer. 386 pp. $3.00. Revell. New York. Supplies A 32-page booklet which aims to Make the Lukewarm The Holy Bible – King James Ver- Souno. sjJ/i-ilunl sion. 263 pp. $0.50. American e-¥'Os/hons o/lne Hot, but not mad Bible Society. New York. InlernoHonnlleJ'SUIlJ -loro//DenfJ/I//Rflliuns WISE folks dre sdying thdt if tem- Brevier Bible. 12 mo. P 54 G. pordl conditions dre to improve American Bible Society. New York. we must generdte more spiritudl power. To hdve more fdith in spirit- Heroes of the Cross. 4 volumes. Wil- Annual Report – American Board of udl forces more people must hdve the liam C. Burns; Gilmour of Mon- Friends for Foreign Mssions. 1932. LOYdl Ldymdn's confidence in whdt golia; Hudson Taylor; John Wil- American Board. Boston. the minister hdS to Sdy. This booklet, liam; J ames Chalmers; Abel of by d Idymdn of wide experience, in- Kwato; David Livingstone; Robert W. Eug.ene Sallee-Christ's Ambassa- spires thdt confidence. Moffat; Apolo and the Pigmies; dor. Annie Jenkins Salee. 256 pp. Pandita Ramabai; Mary Slessor; Southern B apt i s t Convention. Send d dime only, for your sdmple Rasalama and Heroes in Madagas- Nashville. copy. car. 96 pp. 1s. each. Marshall Morgan and Scott. London. Triumphant Christianity – Life and THE MAYWOOD PRESS Work of Lucy Seaman Bainbridge. Mother Whittemore's Modern Mira- A. H. McKinney. 206 pp. $2.00. BOI( 2554 Sidney Center, N. Y. cles. F. A. Robinson. 310 pp. Revell. New York. $2.00. Mission of Biblical Educa- When You tion. Canada. Die Evangelische Mission in Fern- Und Sudost-Asien, A u st r a lie n, Buy Books… My Lady's Golden Footprints. E. E. Amerika. Julius Richter. 488 pp. S. Enock. 317 pp. 2s. 6d. Pickering Gutersloh. Bertelsmann. 5 vol. Noted in "Our Missiondry & Inglis. London. $20.00. Book Shelf," remember that these can be obtained quickly Modern Tendencies in World Reli- The Land and Life of China. Wil- and conveniently through our gions. Charles Samuel Braden. 341 liam G. Sewell. lIlus. Map. 144 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. pp. 2s. Edinburgh House Press. Book Sfore London. My Life in the Moslem East. Emma At Thl..d Dod Reily St..eets Cochran Ponafidine. 320 pp. $3.50. Ho….isbu..g. Po. Bobbs-Merrill. New York.

Send for any book you wish. Bishop Montgomery. A Memoir. M. If you do not know the pub- M. 109 pp. 28. 6d. S. P. G. Lon- lisher or price, we will look don. the matter up and report promptly. Our Seal. Marshall Broomhall. 173 pp. 28. 6d. China Inland Mission. excellent introduction to the London. book for Bible classes. The problems and suggestions at the end Open Road in Persia. J. R. Richards. Susie Sorabji, Christian-Parsee Eduare especially stimulating. 68 pp. 1s. Church Missionary So- cationalist of Western India:. A ciety. London. Memoir by Her Sister, Cornelia New Books Sorabji. lIlus. 38. 6d. Oxford Out of My Life and Thought. Albert University Press. London. The Ambassador Supreme. Edward Schweitzer. 288 pp. $2.50. Henry D. Grant. 152 pp. $0.50. Presby- Holt. New York. Egypt Since Cromer. Vol. I, from terian Board of Publication. Rich- 1904-19. Lord Lloyd. 390 pp. 218. mond, Va. Religion in Our Times. Gaius Glenn Macmillan. London. Atkins. 330 pp. $3.00 Round Table The Buddha and the Christ. Burnett Press. New York. Pagan Tribes of the Nilotic Sudan. Hillman Streeter. 330 pp. $2.00. C. G. and Brenda Z. Seligman. 565 Macmillan. New York. Social Work Year Book-1933. Fred pp. lIlus. 428. Routledge. S. Hall. 680 pp. $4.00. Russell Ecumenical Handbook of ·the Church Sage Foundation. New York. The Passing of illle Black Kings. of Christ. D. C. Fabricius. R. M. Hugh Marshall Hole. 334 pp. 158. 2.50. Ev. Pressverband fUr Deutsch- The American Indian. George W. Philip Allan. London. land. Berlin. Hinman. 176 pp. $1.50. Revell New York. Zanahary in South Madagascar. An- drew Burgess. 251 pp. $1. Board The Castle on the Cliff. Kathleen M. of Foreign Missions. Minneapolis. Macleod. 96 pp. 18. Pickering and Inglis. London. The Word of the Cwss to Hindus. E. W. Thompson. 328 pp. 78. 6d. The Epistle of Paul to the Ephesians. Epworth Press. London. Charles R. Erdman. 130 pp. $1.00. Presbyterian Board of Christan Islam and Moder>lism in Egypt. Education. Philadelphia, Pa. Charles C. Adams. 283 p. 7s. 6d. Oxford University Press. London. The Heart of Rachel. Winifred Raw- lings. 190 pp. 1s. 6d. Pickering The Heritage of Asia. Kenneth Saun- & Inglis. London. ders. lIlus. 224 pp. $1.75. Mac- millan. New York. Wayfaring for Christ. A. M. Chirg- win. 160 pp. 28. Livingston Press. The Buddha and the. Ohrist. B. H. London. Streeter. (The Bampton Lectures for 1932). 235 pp. $2.00. Mac- The White African. G. A. Wilder. millan. New York. 192 pp. Morse Press. Bloomfield, N. J. The Indians of Canada. Diamond Jenness. 446 pp. $2.50. Depart- Lutheran Mission Year Book -1933. ment of Mines, National Museum of 158 pp. M2. H. G. Wallman. Canada. Leipszig. Germany.

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Item. Canadian Keswick, in all of which he 1,180,000 Bibles Placed

has rendered significant service for Rt. Rev. George Graham Brown, the cause of Christ. THE GIDEONS Anglican Bishop in Jerusillem, is the new president of the Bible Lands Sun- *** in Hotel Bedrooms for the day School Union. Before coming to Jerusalem, Bishop Graham Brown Dr. and Mrs. R. E. 'McAlpine of the o Benefit of Those Who Travel was principal of Wycliffe Hall, Ox- Presbyterian Church, South, who have You are invited to have a part in this ford University. been missionaries in Japan since 1885, important work by sending a contribu- have recently been retired from ac- tion to the Bible Fund. $1.00 will place *** tive service. The Nagoya Chapel, a Bible. founded by Dr. McAlpine, has devel- Dr. Mary Florence Denton, often oped into four organized churches con- Eligibility for Membership called "best known foreign woman in ducting five Sunday schools and work Japan," has been decorated by the at six country stations. The field of the work having now sur- Emperor in recognition of her 43 rounded the globe, has caused the openyears of service in the cause 6f educa- *** ing of membership to tion. She is a missionary of the American Board of Commissioners for The Rev. George Van Bibber All Christian Business Men Foreign Missions and lives at Doshi- Shriver has been appointed the first sha University, Kyoto. missionary to India representing the THE GIDEON MAGAZINE. $1.00 per Arne I' i can Protestant Episcopal year. Write for particulars to *** Church. A careful estimate shows that the budget for five years will be THE GIDEONS Dr. Yoshimune Abe, well-known $10,020. minister and educator in the Japan The Christian Commercial Travelers' Methodist Church, has been elected Mr. Shriver, who has been study- Association of America, International president of Aoyama Gakuin in To- ing at the Kennedy School of Miskyo. Dr. Abe was graduated from sions, Hartford, in final preparation 202 So. State Street Chicago, Illinoi. Drew Seminary, Madison, N. J., in for his new work, is a graduate of 1915. the Calvert School, Baltimore, and of $175 a year. In 1906 he was Johns, Hopkins University. He is to elected corresponding secretary of the * *' * sail this summer to begin work under Missionary Society of the United Dr. Azariah, the Bishop of Dornakal. Evangelical Church. In 1926 he was Dr. Roland V. Bingham, editor of The Metropolitan of Calcutta and the made honorary secretary. the Evangel:ical Christian, Toronto, Bishop of Dornakal have expressed and secretary of the Sudan Interior their thankfulness that the American *' *" * Mission, has recently celebrated the Church is to cooperate with them in fortieth anniversary of his entrance southern India. Rev. G. W. Painter, D.D., for thirty into active Christian work. Dr. Bing- years a pioneer missionary in China, ham was born in England 60 years The Rev. Canon W. E. S. Holland. died on March 7th, at Pulaski, Va., at ago, and after experience in the Sal- who has served as Principal of St. the age of 93. vation Army, founded the Sudan In- John's College, Agra, India, has reterior Mission. He has also been very cently retired from missionary serv- * * :II: active in the Evangelical Publishing ice and has returned to England after House, the Gowans Home, and the thirty-three years of service. Hol- John Polglase. first man in Singa- land Hall in Allahabad is named in pore to join the Methodist Church, Printin his honor. The Rev. T. D. Suley, of died in London in April at the age of the staff of St. John's College, is suc- 79. He rendered valuable help in When You Require It ceeding Canon Holland as principal. building up a successful lIalayia Con- ference. We wish to extend to you an invi- The Rev. Ernest W. Riggs, D.D., tation to become acquainted with formerly a missionary in Turkey and '" * THE EVANGELICAL PRESS of for some years a secretary of the The Rev. Ephraim H. Jones, Bap- Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. American Board of Commissioners tist missionary in Japan from 1884 for Foreign Missions, was recently to 1920, died on December 24, 1932. Thousands of institutions and individ- elected president of Ariatolia College. uals have accepted a similar invitation, Saloniki, Greece. He expects to take * * "* and have enjoyed a profitable printing up this work in September. Dr. Riggs association for years. comes of a line of missionaries who Mrs. William Borden, one of the have devoted their lives to giving the generous supporters of the REVIEW, Our specialty is Books, Magazines and Gospel to the people of Turkey. His and a warm friend of Christian Mis- Booklets. We have modern equipment grandfather, Elias Riggs, was a sions, died at her home in New York to meet all the requirements of your pioneer and a remarkable linguist. on May 9th, at the age of seventy-one. particular job. Our service is quick, His father, Dr. Edward W. Riggs, Mrs. Borden was a director oj' the careful and courteous. was a missionary in Marsovan, and American Bible Society and was ac- several brothers and sisters are also tive in many religious organizations. Why not allow us to estimate on your still working in that needy field. Her son, William W. Borden, of Yale, next printing ? You will be delighted 1909, died in Cairo, Egypt, about sixwith our product, price, and service. Obituary Notes teen years ago, while preparing for missionary work among the Moslems The Evangelical Press Dr. B. H. Niebel, an honored min- of China. A Mission Hospital was ister of the Evangelical Church for erected in his memory and is now Printers of fifty-two years died in Harrisburg, carried on by the China Inland Mis- Pennsylvania, on April 9th, at the age sion. The Missionary Review of the World of seventy-nine. Dr. Niebel was born in Pittsburgh, August 10, 1854. His *** PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: father and grandfather were both Evangelical ministers. Ben jam i n Mrs. Frank Gaylord Cook died at Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, P.. Hershey Niebel was married in 1881 her home in Cambridge, Mass., on and began his ministry with a salary April 20th, after a long illness. She was fifty-nine years old. Mrs. Cook was deeply interested in the Federa- tion of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions.

– – – : Don't MISS Reading These Books ~~–

ROBERT E. SPEER'S GREATEST BOOK•••STONE LECTVRBS 193Z.1933 The Finality of ~esus Chris'

By ROBERT E. SPEER Prof. A. T. Robertson (Southern Baptist Theo. Sem.) Pre8ident Steven.on (Princeton Theo. Sem.) says: "The says: "I wish all ministers could read it, for its influence for good is immeasurable. I never enjoyed a course of lectures greatest contribution Dr. Speer has made to religious litso much in my life and am reading the book with delight." erarure, • . • it will have a wide reading and a perma- nent influence in strengthening the faith." $3.00 ROBERT E. SPEER CLELAND BOYD McAFEE ~~Re-Thinking Missionstt The I)nt:u' Nerve 01 Missions Exomined "A clarion call for renewed efforts. Dr. McAfee goes Entirely free of antagonism or personalities, conceived to the heart of the missionary enterprise. • • • An in a spirit of sincere criticism and revealing in every para- illuminating study of the present situation."-United Pres- byrerian. $1.50 graph, a close, well-informed knowledge of, and acquaint- ance with, the subject. Boards, 50c.

MARY BREWSTER HOLLISTER GEORGE WARREN HINMAN, D.D.

Seere",ry, American Missionary Association The Amerit:on Indion ond Moi-Dee 01 .he Moun'oins Chris'ion Missions An intriguing tale of present-day China, recounted in a A most important work on missions among American manner adaptable for missionary reading courses, as well Indians, the work undertaken by missionaries and the re- as for general use. $1.50 sults which have accrued. $1.50 H. I ATALL FLEMING REVELL COMPANY .58 Filth Avenue I-I. . . . . BOOK STORES NEW YORK Do Not Econotnize on Knowledge "Next to nobility of character, men have greatest reverence for those who have a knowledge of important facts."

TO KNOW THE FACTS ABOUT WORLD CONDITIONS READ AND PERSUADE OTHERS TO READ niB MISSIONARY ~~ NOTE THESE COMING ARTICLES PERSIA REVIVALS OF THE PAST CENTURY THE STRENGTH AND WEAKNESS OF ISLAM William Miller of Teheran Samuel M. Zwemer COMMUNISM OR CHRIST IN AMERICA SOME MOVING PICTURES IN BURMA John McDowell Raymond B. Buker CHRIST IN THE SOUTHERN MOUNTAINS CHRIST AND THE MODERN WORLD William J. Hutchins Mission Study Series Ask for the REVIEW at Your Booksellers and at Summer Conferences Subscriptions, $2.50 a year. Single Copies, 25 cents each J

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1933

1933

What Is New in China? c. B. Rape Christ Liberating India's Outcastes JamesF. Edwards On the Edge of a Great Closed Land Arthur Ward Our Attitude Toward Non-Christian Religions Robert E. Speer A Message from the African Jungles Janet Miller The Situation in Latin America Samuel Guy Inman

MISSIONARY REVIEW 1,180,000 Bibles Placed by May 24-29-Northern Baptist Con-

OF THE WORLD vention, Annual Meeting. Wash- THE GIDEONS ington, D. C. DELAVAN PIERSON, Editor in Hotel Bedrooms for the VOL. LVI APRIL, 1933 No.4 Personal Items o Benefit of Those Who Travel PAGE You are invited ~~. have a part in this Dr. E. Stanley Jones of India has important work by sending a contribu" recently returned to America and is Frontispiece-Speakers at the tion to the Bible Fund. $1.00 will place to join in a series of interdenomina- a Bible. tional missionary rallies in important Florida Chain of Mission- centers in New Jersey, New York, ary Assemblies Eligibility for Membership Pennsylvania and Ohio. Later he will speak on the Pacific coast. Topics of the Times …….. 171 The field of the work having now sur· rounded the globe, has caused the open. China Grows by Tribulation ing of membership to "Strong Drink Is Raging" All Christian Business Men Florida Missionary Assemblies Interdenominational Missionary THE GIDEON MAGAZINE. $1.00 per year. Write for particulars to *** Meetings Harlan Page Beaoh THE GIDEONS Dr. Basil Mathews began his work as lecturer at Boston University The True Christian Attitude The Christian Commucial TTatleleTS~ School of Theology on February 1. Association of America, InteTnational He is delivering three lectures each Toward Non-Christian Re- week on "Christ and the World-Conligions ……………… 175 202 So. State Street Chicago, IlIinoi. flict of Values," dealing especially with By Dr. Robert E. Spoor Dates to Remember the Laymen's report.

On the Edge of a Great April 18-19-Editorial Council of the Religious Press. Washington, D. C. Closed Land …………. 185 April 19-21-Federal Council Confer- By the Right Rev. Arthur Ward ence on Evangelism, Pittsburgh, *** Pa. Christ Liberating India's Out- The Rev. E. M. Cable, D.D., procastes ………………. 189 April 19 to May 30-United Mission- ary Meetings in sixteen centers. By the Rev. James F. Edwards (See Topics of the Times.) fessor in Union Methodist Theological When the Teacher's House May 9-General Conference of the Seminary, Seoul, Korea, is the author United Brethren in Christ. Akron, Was :Burned …………. 191 Ohio. of a new history of the Christian By the Rev. Glenn B.. Ogden May 16-22-Southern Baptist Conven- Church in Korea. * tion in Washington, D. C. What Is New in China t …. 193 •* May 17-General Council of the Re- By the Rev. C. B. Rape, B.Sc. formed Episcopal Church, Triennial Bishop Paul B. Kern of the Meth- Meeting. Germantown, Philadel- A Message from African phia, Pa.

Jungles …………….. 198 May 23-Joint meeting of Southern odist Episcopal Church, South, has re- Baptist Convention and Northern By Janet Miller, M.D. Baptist Convention in Washington, turned from Eastern Asia, to direct The Story of Kondyabai 199 D. C. the Kingdom Extension Campaign, By Mrs. F. E. G. Cowhud which has been projected to replenish South America-An Analogy 200 the depleted treasuries of the denomi- By the Rev. Alexander M. Allan nation. ••• The Situation in Latin Ameri- ca …………………. 201 By Samuel Guy Inman Dr. George F. Sutherland, assistant treasurer of the Board of Foreign J'ohn R. Mott: Missionary Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, has completed thirty years of to the World ………… 206 continuous service, which began when By Prof. Kenneth Scott Latou- he became a secretary of the Young People's Department. Dr. Sutherland rette, D.D. is president of the Board of Managers of the Missionary Education Move- Facing the Future in Home ment.

Missions ………… '… 209 *** By the Rev. William R. King, Rt. Rev. Robert Erskine Campbell, D.D., the Bishop of Liberia, is in D.D. America and reports that the Vice- President of Liberia, two members of Oasting Out a Demon in the Cabinet and two congressmen are native ministers of the Protestant Korea .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 211 Episcopal Church.

By Dr. George S. McCune A Continental View of the Laymen's Report …….. 213 By Dr. Julius Richter Effective Ways of Working. 215 Edited by Mrs. Estella S.

Aitchison. Granville. Ohio Women's Home Mission :Bul- letin ………………. 218 Edited by Miss Anne Seesholtz (Concluded on 3d cO'IJer.) World-Wide Outlook ……. 221 Our Missionary :Bookshelf .. 231 Publication and: Business Office ~ THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS ~ Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITIES Editorial and Executive Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City YOUR GIFT NOW Entered as second-class matter at Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING Act of March 3, 1879. OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published nwnthly-All rights re- INCOME FOR LIFE served. Copyrighted 1933 by the ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary IS6 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB· LISHING CO., INC. ~ PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S.A. ~ BOARD OF DIRECTORS ReBERT E. SPEER, President WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIEBSON, Secretary SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH MILTON T. STAUFFER A. L. WARNBHUIS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER

Chat

Look out for the coming numbers of Don't the REVIEW. They will include some stirring articles on the great move- LET YOUR INCOME ments in the missionary world, the tour of Dr. John A. MacKay in Latin Shrink! America, the questions raised by the Laymen's Appraisal and the mission AMERICAN you can avoid a shrinking study topic, "Christ in the Modern BIBLE income, as many others have done, by placing your money in World." SOCIETY Annuity Agreements of the American Bible Society. *** ~"'~NVITY t'r""- AGREEMENT An Annuity Agreement The United Missionary Meetings Committee which is planning a series GUARANTEEING is a legal contract in which the of union meetings in eighteen or twen- American Bible Society in return ty cities this spring has adopted the [~"'~,~I.a…~.) for a gift of money ($100 or REVIEW as the best magazine for the over) binds itself to pay to the general promotion of missiot ary in- OF holder (the holder being called terest in the home church. an annuitant) a specified sum $———————- every year as long as the annui- *** tant lives.

The Home Missions Council ap- These Annuity Agreements are pointed the following members to safe, because they are backed by serve on the Editorial Council of the the sound financial resources REVIEW for the ensuing year-Dr. and business management of a John McDowell, the Rev. Jay S. trust-worthy institution whose Stowell, Dr. Charles H. Sears and Dr. work is indispensable to the Christian enterprise and whose Wm. R. King. annuity program has stood the test for over 80 years. *** An easy-to-read booklet tells you Great encouragement comes from all about it – the rates you rethe fact that, while many enterprises ceive-how you help in making have been decreasing and many pe- the Scriptures widely available riodicals have been obliged to suspend around the earth-how a relapublication, the REVIEW has been in- tive Of friend may be included. creasing in circulation and prestige. There are reasons!

*** Here is what some of our readers say: "Let me express great appreciation of the splendid work you are doing on the REVIEW. Never has it been better than in these recent numbers."-John R. Mott, Chairman of the International Missionary Council.

* "I am delighted with the REVIEW and feel the present series of articles as fine and helpful as any ever published."-Mrs. H. B. Ada'llts, Bluffton, Ohio, Editor of the Women's Department of the Lutheran Standard.

* "The REVIEW is splendid! Mrs. Pea- body and Robert Speer are simply wonderful in their articles on the 'Appraisal of Foreign Missions.' "-Rev. E. R. MacKinney, Dodgeville, Wis.

"May I tell * how deeply you again we appreciate the REVIEW and the wonderful influence it has been to have so scholarly a magazine take so conservative a stand in every way. I have been president of Albany Pres- byterial for several years and always MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY glad of an opportunity to say a word r ;m:ri:':-Bibl;-;ocie;,- – – – – – – – – – – for the REVIEW."-Amy Brain Taylor (Mrs. Wan'en C.) Schenectady, N. Y. I Bible House, Astor Place, New York * I Please send me, without obligation, your booklet MR4 entitled "A Gift That Lives." "You have done the cause of missions in particular and evangelical re- I ligion in general a great service in I ""ame_ Denomination_________________ _ publishing Dr. Speer's article on the II Address —- Laymen's Report and also the excerpts J City…._…………………….._._………….___________________ State____…………….__._ I from various boards and missionary leaders in another part of this issue.

I am glad to know there is such a demand for it."-Rev. Carroll Verner, Union Ave. Methodist Church, South, Memphis, Tenn.

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C. B. RAPE JANET MILLER. M.D. DR. "SAM" HIGGINBOTTOM MRS. ETHEL CODY

CHINA AFRICA INDIA INDIA DEACONESS HARRIET BEDELL REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D. MRS. MINNIE K. L. KARNELL REV. WALTER L. LINGLE, D.D. NEW YORK ALASKA IMMIGRANTS EDUCATOR SOME OF THE SPEAKERS AT THE FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY ASSEMBLIES REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS –~- .. –~~–~~– ~~~~~~~ VOLUME LVI APRIL, 1933 NUMBER FOUR Topics of the Times THE FLORIDA MISSIONARY ASSEMBLIES operation, headed by that effective missionary The missionary enterprise is not dying, and mis- le~der, Mrs..Henry W. Peabody, ably seconded by MISS B. LOUIse Woodford and local committees. sionary interest at home is not dead. '.l'here are A voluntary organization of women carried the many evidences of both these facts. Note the entire responsibility for the direction and there' are no paid executives or other large expenses. discussion aroused by the laymen's appraisal, the The small budget was entirely covered by the reg- istration fees. In every center the Protestant signs of awakening on the mission fields, the stir- churches, pastors, church members, organiza- tions, the press and the radio cooperated heartily. ring missionary assemblies held in Florida this The missionaries and leaders represented ten winter, and the plans for United Missionary Cam- denominations and ten different mission fields- Alaska, Africa, Brazil, Chile, India, Japan Perpaigns this spring and in the autumn. sia, Syria and the United States. A world view of missions and every type of missionary activity The Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies was vividly and effectively pr~sented.* has recently completed a three weeks' program of As a method of spreading missionary informa- tion and quickening missionary interest, these very effective presentation in nine cities. The in- Assemblies take high rank for effectiveness and economy and the plan is worthy of study on the terest was genuine and widespread. part of agencies charged with promoting missions both at home and abroad. The opening meeting in each center was usually This Chain of Missionary Assemblies has been a banquet attended by leading representative resi- dents and visitors. The attendance in each place grew from the first and the daily press gave gen- erous space to the Assemblies. Local civic clubs and schools also cordially welcomed the mission- ary representatives.

It is noteworthy that in a year of financial de- pression the paid registrations numbered 4~o3u1n1~ fr?m thirty-eight states and eight foreign trIes. One third of those registering were non- successfully conducted, based on the following residents of Florida and the number was 356 more convictions: than in the preceding year. The reach of these First, that missions both at home and abroad Assemblies was thus interdenominational and al- can be carried only through actual evangelistic most national in its character. The widespread missionary service; activity is indicated by the fact that 616 addresses Second, that this missionary service can be car- ?n missions were delivered, ninety-nine of them ried only by men and women who incarnate the III churches, and ninety-one in schools, besides missionary spirit and who believe in the mission- ary message as given to us by Jesus Christ and many at luncheons, over the radio, at fothruemps~balnidc recorded in the New Testament; at civic clubs. The eagerness of schools and civic clubs to hear the missionaries Third, that the missionary spirit can be created was most encouraging so that thousands of boys and fostered only through the dissemination of and girls, as well as men and women, heard power- actual missionary information and experience. ful missionary messages who would not have Founded on such convictions we are not sur- heard them through ordinary channels. Without • and ADmr.onRgoythael Jfo. reDigyne mofisAsi:ofnriacray; sDpera. kLer. s Mw. erBeraDtcr.heJranoeft BMraizllielr doubt both missions and missionarI'es took on a ne.w .meaning for many I'n FlorI'da durI' ng these JR~ecvo.bCD. aBv. idRaopfe PoefrsCiahiannad; DMri.ssanBdlanMcrhse. WS':mPuHrivgigsinobf oCtthomile''OfRIenv~' mISsIonary assemblies. They were a splendid dm. Home missions were presented by Dr. John McDoweII of demonstratI'On of ChrI'stI'an unI'ty and effectI've CO- HNeawrri.eYtorBk,edDeIrI. oWf aAltelarskLa. LanindgleMrosf. DMaivnindiseonKaCronIeIlelg, e;repDreeasceonntiensgs work for Immigrants.

[171 ]

prised that these Assemblies have grown stronger crime. Then, after years of education and agita- tion, the saloon and traffic in alcoholic drink was each year and have made clear throughout the outlawed. The saloon disappeared, distilleries and breweries were abandoned or converted to whole State of Florida that the missionary enter- better uses; as a result rescue missions found little need for their services, the wives and chilprise is not the Church's afterthought, it is dren of former drunkards enj oyed the benefit of wages spent on the family in place of in the sa- Christ's forethought; it is not secondary and op- loon, and the beneficial effects were felt in busi- ness, in education, in health and in happiness. But tional, it is primary and vital. Christ put it into the greed of dealers in strong drink was not sat- isfied. Many of them joined hands with the lawthe very heart of His Gospel. We cannot really less elements to regain their lost wealth and power. The youth were tempted and misled on see Him or know Him or love Him unless we the plea of personal liberty and by a desire for self-indulgence; specious arguments were used in know His ideal for us; that ideal is embodied in the press and on the platform to repeal the laws against the evil. The spread of disregard for all true missionary service. law, and the increasing financial depression, have turned the tide so that both houses of Congress The success of the Florida Missionary Assem- have voted to repeal the Eighteenth Amendment if two thirds of the states approve. It may be done. blies is due to the fact they were based on nourish- The majoritiy of the present generation knows little or nothing of the old days of the saloon. ment and not stimulants, and that from the be- They are misled. This is in spite of the fact that, before 1918, in many lines of industry and among ginning they put the emphasis on loyalty to railway employees, even moderate drinkers could not obtain employment. Today the use of the Christ, His missionary purpose and His mission- high-powered automobile is so general that a single glass of intoxicatin~ liquor may endanger ary program. JOHN McDoWELL. hundreds of lives. It is said that the tax on beer will fill the government treasury-but no one tells "STRONG DRINK IS RAGING" us who is to pay for the rivers of beer that must flow down human throats to supply the tax. Is In every land where intoxicants are manufac- the money to come again from wages that should tured and used for a beverage, they are a curse. furnish homes and food, clothing and health for It has been so since the days of Noah. It was so women and children? Are we to support the saamong the Hebrews when they were warned loons in place of schools, and dance halls in place against wine and strong drink that "stingeth like of churches? Is the money used for drink to help an adder." Strong characters may avoid excess fill hospitals and graveyards in place of replenishbut to the young and the weak alcohol brings a ing bank accounts? loss of self-control-in body, mind and moralsand the use of it endangers others. This has been What has all this to do with missions? so clearly recognized that wise parents have First, anything that affects the morals and striven to keep their children from strong drink; judgment of people is of vital concern to 'the enlightened governments have endeavored to pro- Christian program. Strong drink, that takes tect their wards-as in the case of the American away self-control and clear vision, is antagonistic Indians, the South Sea Islanders, and the Afri- to all that the Christian Church is doing to build cans. This liquid fire and poison have been the up the Kingdom of God and to bring in the control cause of brawls and bloodshed, of disease and im- of Christ. moral revels, of accidents and death, of selfish Second, the spending of labor, materials and greed and inhuman cruelty wherever it has been money on a destructive, rather than a constructive used freely. Strong men and women have been enterprise, cannot fail to weaken the nation, the brought low by it; millions have been impover- Church, the school and the home. One cannot be ished and destroyed by this curse. It seems in- "drunk with wine, wherein is excess," and at the comprehensible that a nation like America, with same time "be filled with the Spirit" of God who its Christian heritage and culture, its prosperity in place of halucinations gives clear vision, for and ideals, should take a backward step by again false energy gives true strength, for abnormal acquiescing in the manufacture and general use animation offers true exhilaration. of this harmful beverage. For the sake of revenue Third, the manufacture and use of intoxicants and under the plea of personal liberty America seems about to sell her birthright for a mess of distilled or fermented drink.

Many governments have tried experiments in the suppression or control of the liquor traffic. Most of these measures have failed because of human greed for gold, because of individual desire for free indulgence of appetite, and because of faulty education and lack of Christian ideals. In the days before the Eighteenth Amendment was passed in the United States the saloon forces ruled politics and sapped the life of cities. Saloons flourished on the wages of the laborers and were closely linked with all forms of immortality and

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

has always been one of the greatest hindrances the rut of subsidization, though the kindness and to the spread of Christianity. Rum in the hold generosity of their fellow Christians abroad will and missionaries in the cabins of ships bound for always be remembered with gratitude. The Chi- Africa and the South Seas represented antagonis- nese Church must bear its own responsibility as tic forces. There is great need to spread tem- an expression of religious life.

perance and Christian ideals in all lands today The past year has witnessed many manifesta- rather than to give the forces of evil an opportu- tions of a strong evangelistic effort. Hundreds of nity to point to America as a land where the de- evangelistic bands have been formed by voluntary mon rum is again enthroned. workers as the result of a spiritual awakening Seven things are needed in the present crisis amongst Christians in many parts of China, to turn the tide: through the successful work of several Chinese evangelists. It is true that a great deal of this 1. A knowledge of facts. type of work was mixed with emotionalism, yet 2. No compromise with evil. one cannot deny that many who were cold are now 3. Repudiation of the lust of gold. on fire and those blind now see. The visit to China 4. Education and example to teach self-control of Dr. E. Stanley Jones was both timely and benand to show the evils of alcohol. eficial. He spent four months in China, from Au- 5. A greater respect for all laws that are in gust to December, conducting evangelistic meetharmony with the laws of God. ings in Mukden, Peiping, Tsinan, Nanking, Soo- 6. Acceptance of the Christian ideal of love chow, Shanghai, Ningpo, Hankow, Foochow, which works no ill to one's neighbor. Hongkong and Canton. Hundreds of Christian 7. The enthronement of Christ in all life. workers and nonChristian students listened to his CHINA GROWS BY TRIBULATIONS message with keen interest and many were spirit- ually helped. It is gratifying that the evangelistic Japanese aggression in Manchuria cuts deep in- consciousness is growing in the Chinese Church to the soul of the Chinese people. On the top of and we pray that this may spread.

this foreign invasion, flood and famine in Central For some time a rebellious and revolutionary and Northwest China, civil wars in Shantung and spirit was much in evidence among the youth of Szechwan Provinces, and warfare against com- China politically and socially, as well as reli- munism have greatly intensified national distress. giously. There was a tendency against the Chris- All this has its due effect upon religion. Doubts tian Church. Many rather prefer to form small of the reality of God and the practicability of the groups and fellowships for service than identify- Christian ideal of love have been freely expressed. ing themselves with the organized Church. This On the other hand, many are driven to religion for state of affairs, if unremedied, would neither be peace and comfort. A large prayermeeting held helpful to the Church nor healthful to youth. We in Peiping by the Panchan Lama of Tibet was at- are happy to note indications of a changing atti- tended by 100,000 people, including influential tude which shows that both are drawing nearer men of the government. While people attended together. We see possibilities for the future work the meeting with mixed motives the desire for na- when the ripened experience of age and the dar- tional deliverance was also evident. The Chinese ing spirit of youth will work hand in hand for the are determined not to be defeated by adverse cir- common objective we have in view, namely the cumstances. Signs of life and growth in ways extension of the Kingdom of God in China.

more than one are traceable. They believe and The Five Year Movement held the attention of are heartened by such an ancient maxim as To the Church in the past year and in the work of nan hsing pang, meaning, "a nation grows by evangelism, religious education, christianizing the many tribulations !" home, the literary campaign, christianizing eco- The economic depression of the Western world nomic relations, the rural Church, youth and has its effect upon the work in China. Mission- Church, and true Christian stewardship, many ary societies have to take drastic measures in cut- churches are more than willing to adopt these as ting down expenses and curtailing work in the part of their church program. A reenforced en- mission fields. This has come upon the work in ergy and consecration and a double portion of the China so suddenly and drastically that the depend- Spirit of God is needed to strengthen hands and ent mission-churches find it extremely difficult to hearts to make the Five Year Movement a great adjust themselves. Some fields are abandoned, success. The present favorable opportunity in workers dismissed and activities discontinued. China for Christian service is so great that one This has caused momentary dislocation and be- shudders to think of retrenchment and retreat at wilderment. At the same time, we cannot but be such a time. CHENG CHING-YI, hopeful that this may prove to be a blessing in dis- Secretary of the National guise. Local churches must learn to get out of Christia,n Council of China.

INTERDENOMINATIONAL MISSIONARY ent world situation for the continued development MEETINGS of foreign missions."* The supreme needs of the Church of Christ to- HARLAN PAGE BEACH day, and of the whole missionary enterprise, are (1) information as to the true nature of Chris- A beautiful, luminous soul, a devoted Christian, tianity and the work of Protestant missions, and a loyal friend, an untiring and effective servant of (2) more whole-hearted devotion to Christ and Christ in world-wide missionary work, departed His cause, regardless of cost. There are many to his Eternal Home when Harlan Page Beach earnest Christians who are still uninformed as to entered into rest from his Florida home on March the actual condition of men without Christ and 4. Professor Beach was in his seventy-ninth year, the true results of missionary work. Other nomi- having been born in South Orange, New Jersey, nal Christians are uninterested because they are on April 4, 1854. He was for fifteen years a faithunsympathetic with the sacrificial and world-wide ful and efficient member of the Board of Directors program given to the Church by Jesus Christ. of The Missionary Review Publishing Company The Laymen's Appraisal Report has been given and for some time edited the World-wide News such publicity that foreign missions have become section of the REVIEW.

"front page matter" and a general topic of con- Dr. Beach was graduated from Phillips Acad- versation. But many who discuss the subject are emy, Andover, in 1874, and from Yale College in uninformed as to what it is really about. The 1878. After teaching for two years at Phillips Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies have Academy he was graduated from Andover Theo- demonstrated the fact that missions can be pre- logical Seminary and from 1883 to 1890 was a sented unitedly, without denominational prefer- missionary of the American Board in North ence, so as to educate and inspire all who come to China. He showed extraordinary ability in mas- the meetings. Now the Foreign Missions Confer- tering the Chinese language but was obliged to re- ence of North America is planning a series of in- turn to America on account of his wife's health terdenominational meetings, with outstanding and from 1892 to 1895 he taught at the School for missionary speakers, to bring this all important Christian Workers in Springfield, Massachusetts.

and inspiring subjeCt to the Christians of many Later he became educational secretary of the Stu- large centers. There has been great need for this dent Volunteer Movement and exerted a wide in- since the decease of the interdenominational Lay- fluence on missionary education as one of the men's Missionary Movement, the Men and Re- originators of the series of books on missionary ligions Movement and the Interchurch World countries. He was the author of many useful vol- Movement. umes, including "The Cross in the Land of the The first of these new promotional, united mis- Trident," "The Knights of the Labarum," "Dawn sionary gatherings, will be held between Easter on the Hills of Tang," "Princely Men of the Heavand June 1. (April 18 to May 30.) The leading enly Kingdom," "Renaissant Latin America," and speakers will be Dr. E. Stanley Jones, the well "The Geography and Atlas of Protestant Misknown Methodist missionary who has recently sions." He was the co-author of the "Encyclopeconducted a four months' campaign in China, dia of Missions," the "World Atlas of Christian and Dr. Sam Higginbottom, the Presbyterian mis- Missions," and "World Statistics of Christian Missionary whose work for poverty-stricken, sinning sions." and suffering India has made him famous, Dr. S. G. Inman of Latin America and others. These Prof. Beach was the first incumbent of the D. meetings will begin (for religious editors!) in Willis James Professorship of Christian Missions Washington, D. C., on April 18 and will then pass at Yale University in 1906 and initiated the first on to Brooklyn, Newark, Trenton, Philadelphia, department of Christian missions at any seat of Baltimore, Wilmington, Reading, Harrisburg, El- learning in the world. mira, Binghamton, Albany, Utica, Syracuse, Buffalo and Erie. Next autumn the plan is to use a Later, in 1920, he became lecturer on missions similar program in other cities in the middle at the Drew Theological Seminary, in Madison, West. Conferences will be held with pastors, lay- N. J., where he continued until 1928. men, women and young people. The purpose of this united effort is "To cooperate with the local Professor Beach, who was a Fellow of the Royal churches and all other Christian agencies in pre- Geographical Society, rendered a great service to senting anew our own and the world's need of the cause of Christian Missions by his sane, well- informed lectures and writings on many phases of the work. He was a wise counselor and a living thesaurus on Christian Missions.

Christ, the wealth of our resources for life in Him, * Further information as to dates, speakers, chairmen of local committees and other data can be obtained by writing to Dr. A. L. and the call of God and the challenge of the pres- Warnshljis, 419 Fourth Ave .. New York.

True Christian Attitude

Non..Christian Religions* By ROBERT E. SPEER, New York l!J..- -"~ Author of "The Finality of Jesus Christ",. Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HIS is a living question for Christian mis- gion. It is often asserted that each religion has sions abroad and for the Christian Church something to contribute, to the common stock, but at home. If we hold the apostolic faith with when it is asked what the non-Christian religi()ns regard to Christ as Lord and Saviour and God, have to contribute the answer almost invariably our only -Mediator and Redeemer, what should is in terms not of some element of the religion but our attitude be today toward non-Christian reli- in some quality of the race. There is not in any gions? Between those who hold this primitive non-Christian religion a single truth or element Christian faith and those who do not, there will of truth that is not in Christ, but there are in inevitably be divergent answers to this question. each race qualities which other races lack, which But even among Christian believers who are it has to bring to Christ for His consecrating use.

united in their loyalty to Jesus Christ as Lord, The moral qualities which our Lord exalted in and in their faith in His sole supremacy there is the Beatitudes in the Sermon on the Mount are great difficulty either in finding or in stating, or not monopolized by anyone race. When it is said in both finding and stating, a common view. accordingly that the West has a great deal to At the outset we should make some distinctions learn from the East, the statement is untrue with which are too often overlooked, with a good deal regard to the Christianity of the New Testament.

of resultant confusion. It has nothing to learn from any non-Christian First, between religion and race.-Too often religion. But it is profoundly true as regards the these are deliberately or thoughtlessly identified. West, and of each human race, with regard to Some hold a view of religion which regards it as every other human race and of the Christian only a racial product or expression. Each race, Church. We need the help of all. But it is the it is held, develops its own religion, the religion races that are to help us, not their religions, and best suited to its own character and needs. It is it is the races as influenced by Christ.

not religion that forms a race. It is the race that Religion and Culture forms its religion. A second distinction which must be made is be- Without stopping to examine this view, as to tween religion and culture or civilization. The how far it is true, or whether it is true at all, it mistake is often made of conceiving the missionis enough to say that it is obviously untrue and ary enterprise as an interchange of cultures, and impossible as regards primitive Christianity. The its problems as the problems of "contacts with Jewish race did not produce that. It rejected and non-Christian cultures." The assumption usually renounced it and does so to this day. Whatever is that Christianity is Christian culture and that influences shaped the Christianity of the third the non-Christian cultures are the non-Christian century and of Greek and Roman Catholicism did religions. Culture and religion are not identical not create the original faith in Jesus Christ, the terms. No careful and true definition of either God-man, our Lord and Saviour. That faith was will allow their identification unless "religion" is "to the Jews a stumbling block and to the Greeks used to cover everything and so loses all definifoolishness." Still less is this Christianity the tion whatsoever. No warrant can be found in creation of the Anglo-Saxon race or of any Euro- literature for this confusing present-day usage. pean or Western race. To introduce into the problem of comparative Religion and race must be distinguished also in religion the whole vast field of civilization and our judgments in the field of comparative reli- culture is to create hopeless confusion. Weare — not comparing cultures, civilizations, sciences and maretnS.t We are comparI.ng re1I"glOns, the New Testa- * This article is a much abbreviated section of the last chapter concept·Ion f Chrl.st an d HI'S meanI.ng WI'th of a book entitled "The Finality of Jesus Christ," to be published 0 tShtiosnespLreinctgurebsy fothre 19FRl2e-m~i~ngat HP. rinReeevteolnl TChoemolpoagniyc,al eSmebmoidnyairnyg. the [ 175]

the actual religions of Buddhism, Hinduism or may misjudge a gentle spirit who loved the people Islam. Cultures and civilizations are indeed to and whom the people loved, by a severe record interchange and to enrich one another, and each and vice versa. And even if we judge a few inpeople has something to learn from others but no dividuals justly we cannot be sure whether they one has anything to give to Christ or any wealth were representative of the mass or exceptions to add to Him. to it.

Religions and Their Adherents And yet we are not left helpless. In each of the great mission fields there have been periodi- A third distinction must be drawn between re- cal conferences at which the collective mind found ligions and their adherents. The question of the expression and, preceded by the Liverpool and relations of Christianity to non-Christian systems Mildmay Conferences, there have been since 1900, is not the same as the question of the relations of international meetings at which the common drift Christian human beings to non-Christian human and the main variations from it were given utterbeings. One might think with disapproval and ance. I have made a careful study of the actual condemnation of some non-Christian system, or attitude of the missionary movement for the past of the untruths and evils sanctioned or sheltered hundred years as set forth in the discussions and in it, and yet think only with good will and kind- conclusions of the whole series of missionary conness and love of the men and women who adhere ferences at home and abroad from the first one to this system. There have been men who viewed in Calcutta in 1855 to the last one in Jerusalem the non-Christian religions with an intolerance in 1928. Such a study is an utter refutation of which was called bigotry who at the same time the view that foreign missions have been ignowon and held the hearts of the people of those re- rant of the non-Christian religions or harsh and ligions whom they loved with a passionate love. bigoted in attacking them. Most of what we have known about the non-Christian religions and their And let it be noted that the issue is not between sacred books in the past we have owed to missionforeign missions and the non-Christian religions. aries and in the main the missionary attitude to- The indigenous or national Christian Churches ward these religions has been in fact the attitude are even more intimately involved. It is a matter which will be set forth here. That attitude is of life and death to them, of the validity or in- briefly expressed in the statement which Princivalidity of their very existence. If the non-Chris- pal Cairns, made at Edinburgh in 1910 in pretian religions are adequate and entitled to possess senting the Report of the Commission on the the field then these Churches are illegitimate and Christian Message: represent a species of disloyalty and treason. The chief burden in this comparison falls on them, There are two very notable points in the evidence and on foreign missions with them, for two rea- which may be noticed in this place. The first of these sons-first because foreign missions are identi- is the practically universal testimony that the true atfied with them in spirit and purpose and second titude of the Christian missionary to the non-Chrisbecause foreign missions are the fruitage and the tian religions should be one 'of true understanding trustee of that view of Christ and the Gospel and, as far as possible, of sympathy. That there are which alone can produce the missionary enter- elements in all these religions which lie outside the prise and which alone can perpetuate Christian- possibility of .sympathy is, of course, recognized, and ity at home. The whole issue indeed is an issue that in some forms of religion the evil is appalling is for Christianity here. If Christianity is not such also clear. But nothing is more remarkable than the a religion that every man needs it, then no man agreement that the true method is that of knowledge needs to pay any attention to it. and charity, that the missionary should seek for the nobler elements in the non-Christian religions and use With these distinctions as far as possible in them as steps to higher things, that in fact all these mind, though it will be difficult not to forget religions without exception disclose elemental needs them, let us proceed with our inquiry. What is of the human soul which Christianity alone can satthe true Christian view of the non-Christian re- isfy, and that in their higher forms they plainly maniligions and of the right attitude to them? It is fest the working of the Spirit of God. On all hands often said that there has been a great change in the merely iconoclastic attitude is condemned as radithe Christian enterprise in this regard since the cally unwise and unjust. days of Carey and Duff at the beginning of the modern era, that the missionaries of those days But, along with this generous recognition of all that regarded the non-Christian religions as unquali- is true and good in these religions, there goes also fiedly evil and that their preaching was destruc- the universal and emphatic witness to the absolutetive and controversial. A just comparative judg- ness of the Christian faith. Superficial criticism ment is perhaps beyond our power. We know might say that these two attitudes are incompatible, something of the mind and method of outstand- that if Christianity alone is true and final, all other ing individuals but even this may mislead us. We religions must be false, and that as falsehoods they should be denounced as such.

Against that criticism we may, in the first place,

THE TRUE CHRISTIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS

set the massive fact that the great weight of evi- have historical and academic interest, but it ha,s dence before us shows that these witnesses do not feel ceased to have the same practical importance in mis- this contradiction. sionary work as it used to have up to twenty or even Deeper consideration of the facts indeed leads us ten years ago. We must realize that the frontier of to the conviction that it is precisely because of the our missionary enterprise has changed, and with it strength of their conviction as to the absoluteness of we must also change the old tactics. Too much praise Christianity that our correspondents find it possible cannot be given to the growth in the study of com- to take this more generous view of the non-Christian parative religions in the missionary training centers religions. They know that in Christ they have what of the West. Thus prepared the missionary move- meets the whole range of human need, and therefore ment has been enabled to deal with the non-Christian they value all that reveals that need, however imper- more effectively. It is partly due to the educational fect the revelation may be. activities of the Christian movement that the other This very charity and tolerance, on the 'other hand, religions a"e losing the grip they had in non-Christian makes more impressive the agreement as to the abso- lands. While Christianity is making inroads into luteness and finality of Christ. Nowhere is the slight- these religions from one side, these religions are suf- est support found for the idea that Christianity is fering a great deal more in the rear from a group of only one religion among others, or that all religions new enemies, who have advanced so far into their ter- are simply different ways of seeking the one Father, ritory, that, for all practical purposes, Christianity and are therefore equally pleasing in His sight. One must ignore the incapacitated older religions and massive conviction animates the whole evidence, that think of its frontier work in terms of what it will Jesus Christ fulfills and supersedes all other religions, have to do with these same new forces: scientific and that the day is approaching when to Him every agnosticism, materialistic determinism, political fas- knee shall bow and every tongue confess that He is cism, and moral iconoclasm.

Lord to the glory of God the Father. (Edinburgh There are others who believe that the non- Conference Report, Vol. IV, pp. 267, 268.) Christian religions are doomed who would, never- theless, not ignore them. Dr. Robert A. Hume of Instead, however, of falling back on this state- India took this view. "Hinduism is doomed," he ment, which did not prevent the Jerusalem Coun- says in "An Interpretation of India's Religious cil from making a fresh approach in the light of History" (p. 177). But he wisely urges that we new conditions, let us set ourselves to answer for should thoroughly understand even doomed reliour own minds today.

Shall We Ignore Non-Christian Religions? gions in order to help to disentangle the good from the evil and bring it to Christ for His conservancy 1. Shall we simply go on our own way and pro- and fulfillment. But the doom of great religions claim the Gospel, paying no attention to non- seems still to be some distance away. Great Christian religions-either to their evil or to their masses of their adherents, especially women, have good? This would seem to be Karl Barth's idea been but slightly affected by the mighty tides of of our right course. He contends that we must change on which these religions are borne. Connot throw out bridges toward ot}:ler religions. The fucianism, indeed, as a religion may now be igwhole future of Christianity is bound up with nored, as Professor Hung asserts, but Hinduism what some call narrowness. He says: and Buddhism and Islam are far from disintegra- tion. But whether far or near, the course which Let the Christian Church with its message of the Barth suggests is a simple impossibility. We are One and Only God and of His mercy toward lost man, not preaching Christ in vacuo or an impersonal go on its way and proclaim the Gospel amidst other system in the midst of similar systems. Weare religions, no matter what their name, regardless of preaching Him to men and women. The preachwhat may happen, without yielding to their demons ing is conditioned at both ends-by us who carry even so much as a little finger. Christianity is some- it and by those to whom it is to be borne. It thing totally different from all the philosophies and all the other isms. (Quoted in The Sunday School Times, July 9, 1932, p. 365.) must be preached to them and with reference to Some advocate this course because they believe them and it is not fully preached until it reaches that the non-Christian religions are doomed, if them and relates them to Christ for themselves not already moribund and that it is waste energy as we ought to be related to Him for ourselves. to give any heed to them. William Hung of Yen- It is not our Christ that we are to give them. It ching University set forth this view in a striking is Christ who is greater than ours or theirs beletter which was read at the meeting of the J e- cause He is ours and theirs and all men's. As rusalem Council: Paul grandly asserted, He is "the Head of every man" and the Saviour of all men. (1 Cor. 13: 3; It seems to me that we have arrived at a stage in 1 Tim. 2: 4.) the history of missions when it is no longer worth while for the missionary leaders to study the Chris- The attitude of Christianity cannot be an atti- tian approaches to Buddhism, Confucianism, etc. The tude of ignoring. It must be an attitude of in- scientific study of these non-Christian religions will telligent understanding and appreciative recogni-

tion of every possible point of human contact in as it stands it does not contemplate the making the realm of ideal and in the friendly and helpful of individual converts to Christianity even by relationships of common life and neighborliness. worthy motives.

(See Ellinwood, "Oriental Religions and Chris- Christians as Truth Seekers tianity," Ch. 1.) Shall We Perpetuate Them? As against these views surely the true view is that every man is bound to seek and follow truth 2. Shall we recognize the non-Christian reli- wherever it leads him, whatever it converts him gions as sister faiths, or if this relation is too from or converts him to; that if Christianity is close, then as kindred faiths only a little farther true it is true irrespective of the "Great Com- removed, and shall we seek to strengthen and per- mission" in any form, and must be offered in the petuate them, not seeking to detach or convert most persuasive way to every man, and that the their adherents but trying to make every Moslem duty of so offering it is created not by any com- whom we can influence a better Moslem and every mand but by the very nature of the Christian Buddhist a better Buddhist? The general princi- faith; that Christianity is itself one of the an- ple underlying the view involved in such a ques- cestral faiths of India, the third in the number tion we have already considered. The whole con- of its adherents and already long established in tention is that, in the light of these investigations India before ever Mohammed arose in Arabia which we have been pursuing in the preceding (Stewart, "Nestorian Missionary Enterprise,"

lectures, Christianity must unequivocally reject Ch. V), and older than most of the Hindu schools this principle. But three considerations are often of the present day; that truth is truth, whether urged today against conversions to Christianity it be religious or political or mathematical or or "proselytism" as it is opprobriously called, other, and has its own right as truth, and that which it will be well to examine. First, it is said there is no less warrant for trying to convert men to be morally wrong. Second, it _is pronounced to the truth of God in Christ than for trying to psychologically wrong. And third, it is deemed convert them to the political and social ideas of unwise even in the interest of the ultimate suc- which Mr. Gandhi is so devoted an evangelist; cess of Christianity. though oddly enough if it is wrong to convert peo- First, it is said to be morally wrong. For a ple, it must be wrong to try to convert to a conlong time Judaism has protested against it, some- trary view those who deeply believe in convertimes because of the methods used but often on sion; and lastly that this view would freeze all the basis of principle. And Mr. Gandhi has put human progress. None of the present religions the protest in the plainest form. Writing in his could ever have arisen, for each had a beginning paper, Young India, in April, 1931, he said: and could not have begun if it had not broken in a real sense with the past. There are methods Every nation considers its own faith to be as good and motives of conversion which may be wrong as that of any other. Certainly the great faiths held but conversion itself is not wrong. To change by the people of India are adequate for her people. from error to truth is the clear and obvious duty India stands in no need of conversion from one faith to another. . . . I do not seek to convert anybody to of every man and every society and every religion.

my faith…. Though my conviction is strong enough But, secondly, conversion from one religion to in me for me to die for that conviction, that force does not carry me to the goal of believing that the another is said to be psychologically wrong. same thing -should be believed by my fellow men. I There is, without doubt, a grave and difficult probknow what God wishes for me, but I am not so pre- lem involved in this matter of a transfer of resumptuous as to believe that I know what God wishes ligious faith and loyalty without loss of right for others. . . . I do not say "no religious teaching": reverence toward the past. Wise missionaries bring a man up to the highest light his own faith have always felt this. "When a young man stands has to give him. . . . I do not want you to get India forth to become a Christian," writes a discerning to change her faith…. The idea of converting peo- young missionary, "whether he will or no he ple to one's faith by speech and writings, by appeal usually finds himself separated from his own peo- to reason and emotion and by suggesting that the faith ple and hence from his own religious, moral and of his forefathers is a bad faith, in my opinion, limits cultural background. Of course this is neither the possibilities of serving humanity. (The Indian ideal nor best, except in part. For to isolate a Witness, Dec. 24, 1931.) man from his cultural background is to tear the Mr. C. F. Andrews states his sympathy with roots of his life from their old soil and to unduly Mr. Gandhi. He expresses "immense relief" that expose them. But the forces making for this re- criticism has exscinded the last verses of the Gos- sult are many. There is, however, this practical pel of Mark with their form of "The Great Com- thing that we can do, and that is to give to the mission," and believes that there are doubts also young Christian a consciousness of the great, as to the form given in Matthew, and that taken noble and enduring heritage of the Christian

1!l33] THE TRUE CHRISTIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS 17!l

movement and to help him to make it his own." the spirit which lead to more distant, but to no less (Report letter, Rev. Paul J. Braisted, May 13, important results. I think more of Christ's own par- 1932, from Burma.) ables of the "leaven" penetrating the whole mass, and Professor Hocking had this in mind in saying "the seed growing secretly" as the symbols of the at Jerusalem that "no man's religion was sound spread of His Kingdom.

unless it was in some sense the religion of his This general leavening movement is truly tak- fathers." (Jerusalem Council Report, Vol. I, ing place all over the non-Christian world. And page 302.) And Dr. Willett has been so deeply it is thus, quite as much as through the winning influenced by it that he has gone so far as to say: of individuals into a separate Christian Church, "The best religious service which a Christian can that Sir Charles Trevelyan, who knew India well, render a Jew is to encourage him in loyalty to his thought its conversion would come. "Many per- ancestral faith. There is far greater value both sons," said he, "mistake the way in which the con- to the individual and to society [in this) … than version of India will be brought about. I believe in the transfer of men and women from the one it will take place at last wholesale, just as our confession to the other." (Art., "The Jews and own ancestors were converted. The country will Christians," in The Christian Union Quarterly, have Christian instruction diffused into it in Jan. 19, 1932.) every way by direct missionary education and in- This is not, of course, the New Testament posi- directly by books of various sorts, through the tion. Our Lord foresaw the breach between public papers, through conversation with Euro- Judaism and Christianity. "They shall put you peans, and in all the conceivable ways in which out of the synagogues," He told His disciples. knowledge is communicated. Then at last when "Yea, the hour cometh that whosoever killeth you society is completely saturated with Christian shall think that he offereth service unto God" knowledge and public opinion has taken a decided (John 16: 2). But He did not counsel them to turn that way, they will come over by thousands."

avoid this by any adjustment that would permit It may be so, but the enemy is at work also their remaining. The early Church sought a set- sowing tares; J aharwarlal Nehru and an increas- tlement with Judaism that would have avoided ing number like him believe neither in Hinduism, part at least of the rupture with the ancestral in- nor in Christianity; and many of the very men heritance. The Christian Church would do the in Japan, for example, who have left the old re- same today in Asia, but the same thing happens ligions and who declare that the nation must have now that happened at the beginning. The Chris- religion and that Christianity is the best for it, tian is cast out. And probably it is inevitable. are themselves stilI far away from its faith and Christ was not just another prophet. Christian- life.

ity was not a naturalistic development of Judaism. Greatly as Christianity rejoices in all this wide The Spread of Christianity and deep change, the duty of trying to win men and women to open and avowed faith in the Sav- Thirdly, the conversion and detachment of in- iour, and to membership in His visible Church is dividuals from other religions is disapproved in clear and undiminished. It is the right and duty the interest of the ultimate success of Christian- of Christianity to seek to convert individuals, by ity. It is argued that it should be allowed to work the Spirit of Christ.

as a leaven inside the old religions until the whole It is enough to reflect on what would have hap- mass is leavened. Mr. Bernard Lucas argued for pened to Christianity in the first or any subse- this view in "The Empire of Christ," and Mr. C. quent century if it had been content to lose itself F. Andrews set it forth with more recognition of as leaven in other religions and not sought at any the right and duty of individual conversion than cost to build Christ's Church.

in his latest statements in an article in The In- Shall We Amalgamate? terpreter, of October, 1909: I am led more and more, by my missionary experi- 3. If then, in the third place, we are not to ig- ence, to regard the conversion of India not as the nore the non-Christian religions, nor to protect aggregate of so many individual conversions but and perpetuate them, are we to effect some comrather as a gradual process of growth and change in bination or amalgamation between them and thought, idea, feeling, temperament, conduct-a proc- Christianity, or to provide a hospitable assimilaess which half creates and half reconstructs a truly tion or incorporation with Christianity? We be- Christian religious atmosphere, Indian at its best and lieve such a course is impossible. It would be an Christian at its best. In such an atmosphere once intolerable compromise of what must stand alone. formed, the spiritual growth of the countless millions There are vast human and ethical communities of India may go forward and fresh .fields of spiritual but there is no community and can be none invictory be won. This does not of course mean that I cease to believe in the conversion of the individual, volving Christ and God's deed for man in Christ.

but I seem to see other and more silent processes of "To many," as Professor James Pratt says, "the

exclusive attitude of the Christian missionary Shall We Attack Them?

may seem narrow," but it is the only possible 4. If we are not to ignore the non-Christian reattitude. ligions, nor to preserve and perpetuate them, nor If the missionaries -should agree to an amalgama- to merge with them, are we to attack and combat tion of Christianity with Hinduism, the Christian side them? Should we seek or seize opportunities to of the partnership would soon disappear in the ca- break them down? pacious maw of its ever hungry partner…. Christ In his "Life of Lord Lawrence," Bosworth would simply be added to the pantheon. . . . or He would be made an eleventh incarnation of Vishnu, and Smith relates that when the City of Delhi fell before many generations all that is distinctively Chris- during the Mutiny in 1858, some of Lord Lawtian would disappear from India as completely as Bud- rence's friends wrote to him, expressing the hope dhism did after Vishnu had swallowed Gautama…. that he would destroy the great mosque there. For most Indian theologians, whether Vaishnavite or In reply to this he wrote: "I will on no account any other school, there is little place for personal consent to it. We should carefully abstain from freedom, for genuine moral struggle and individual the destruction of religious edifices, either to fa- achievement, little place for virtue and sin as Chris- vor friends or to annoy foes." And when some tianity conceives them, little place in short for real in- of his intimate friends pointed out that to destroy dividuality and responsibility. And these are things the finest place of worship in the world would be which Christianity cannot give up without sacrificing felt as a blow to their religion by Mohammedans all that moral earnestness which is its life. everywhere, he jumped up from his seat, and slapping the foremost of them on his back, said, The Christian view of the Incarnation possesses "I'll tell you what it is: there are many things two inestimable advantages to which it must cling at you could persuade me to do, but you shall never any and every cost-the undoubted historicity of its persuade me to this." God-man, and the fact that in both His life and His teachings is to be found the supreme moral ideal.

("India and Its Faiths," p. 457f.) John Lawrence was a great Christian and And this supreme moral ideal is also the only surely he acted in this as a Christian should have Redeemer and Life-giver. Therefore Christian- acted in his place and office. The same principle ity cannot accept any view that equalizes or would deter any Christian from insulting or demerges religions. It is Christ the Light and Life. stroying a place or object of worship held dear It is here, as Forsyth says, not to improve men, or sacred. But there are practices and instituthough it alone can and will, but to pass them tions which must be combated-and often they from death to life. ("The Person and Place of are so related to religion that any attack on them Jesus Christ," p. 42.) is construed as an attack on religion. When it was proposed to abolish suttee in India, the cry But is there not a just and innocent assimila- was at once raised, "Our religion is in danger."

tion or transformation of other religions in their The movements against caste and child marriage relation to Christianity? Surely there is. All the and untouchability are regarded in the same way wholesome racial qualities which are involved, today by orthodox Hinduism.

sometimes impaired, often confused in the racial During Lord William Bentinck's Governor- religions are to be conserved, released, given a Generalship in India, by various enactments it new enfranchisement. All the truth is to be rec- became penal (1) for widows to be burnt alive ognized and secured in a richer and ampler home. on their husband's funeral pyres, (2) to murder Even old names may be carried on and old festi- parents by drowning, or exposure, or burial alive, vals, when they become nothing but names and (3) to murder children by leaving them on the forms and are filled only with the content of river bank to be the prey of crocodiles, (4) to en- Christ and His truth. We are not troubled in courage devotees to destroy themselves under the Christendom by the preservation of the names of wheels of idol-cars, (5) to promote voluntary tor- heathen gods in our names of the months of the ture by hook-swinging, or (6) to offer human sac- year and the days of the week or in Easter. Nor rifices, although all those crimes were done in the are some of the great festivals of the Christian name of religion (Stock, "History of the Church year less Christian because they once were not Missionary Society," Vol. I, p. 293).' And all of Christ's and are now His alone. these enactments were regarded as attacks on re- At the same time Christianity must be cease- ligion and were met by the cry, as Mr. Gandhi's lessly on its guard and it should refuse every efforts for the untouchables are met today, "Hincompromising adjustment. All that man can ever duism is in danger." Were Carey and Duff wrong find in Christ is there to be found. But it is there in advocating them? Assuredly not.

only. And it is there now. Christianity cannot But does the Christian attitude go beyond this?

merge with other religions and as a religion it Dr. Frere, the present Bishop of Truro, raised cannot go into partnership with other religions. seriously at the Edinburgh Conference in 1910

THE TRUE CHRISTIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD NON-CHRISTIAN ~ELIGIONS

the question whether at times it should not do so, reasoning with the thoughtful and intelligent, it whether in dealing with heathenism a policy of would seem the one plan of winning the way to aggressive affront to idolatry was not warranted, their conviction and acceptance of the Divine. although he recognized that while medieval mis- faith to appeal to these primal truths, and sionaries sometimes pursued this course, uni- through the expansion and full development of formly in his opinion, nevertheless "in Rome them, to dislodge and shake off the mass of error itself the heathen temples were preserved-cau- with which they are encrusted. It would seem tiously, carefully and decently preserved-nor the way to conciliate prejudice, and break down was it until the middle of the sixth century that that posture of antagonism which the mind natuthere was any conversion made of a heathen tem- rally assumes, when its faith is directly assailed." ple into a Christian church." (Edinburgh Con- But this is all to the supreme end of leading on ference Report, Vol. IX, p. 190.) from these points of contact to the one essential thing-Christ and the gift of God in Him to man. Perhaps our answer today is not so difficult because so many other forces are engaged in the Professor Oscar M. Buck of Drew University work of destruction. Professor Hung of Yen- made the matter very clear in his address at the ching referred to these, and Mr. Macmurray of North America Foreign Missions Conference in Baliol described them in striking words in his 1930: "You and I must show forth Christ where paper for Jerusalem. He is different from the non-Christian faiths, not merely where He is similar. I feel that we have These religions are going to be smashed anyhow, stopped too easily at the similarities and drawn perhaps not quickly, but surely, and what is going to up much of our technique from that point of view. do it-indeed is already doing it-is modern science, We have not remembered that similarities give us modern commerce, and modern political organization. only our contact; they do not furnish our impact. These are the things that the East wants from us; Similarities never convert, only contrasts do that. and on the whole it does not want our Christianity. Conversion for the sincere non-Christian is not a It will have them and they will destroy its religions, matching, but an exchange, not an easy transiits customs, and its social organizations. It doesn't tion, but a transformation." seem to me to be really worth while to attempt to save from the wreck what seems to us good and valuable Christianity does not go out into the world in the 'older non-Christian civilizations. Why all this merely to carry to men truth they already possess arch~ologism ? When the old systems of life have be- or to confirm that truth. It is true that that truth come a mere memory-as Rome and Greece have for requires Christianity to secure and complete it. us,-then all that is of permanent value in them will But in Jesus' bold language, He came not to call be ripe and available for educational purposes. At the the righteous but sinners to repentance (Mark moment the good and the bad are so thor{)ughly inter- 2: 17). There was perhaps an irony in His twined, so unified in a common concrete way of life, words. He did not say how many righteous there that the destruction of the system must precede the were. And thus He goes abroad today. The comrescue of its valuable elements. mon truth is only the starting point and it may be exaggerated and misused to frustrate the Chris- Christianity's mission may truthfully be de- tian mission. scribed in terms of salvation for individuals and salvage for whatever is good in their religions. There are three warning words which may well There are treasures of art and architecture and be cited. The first is Sir Henry Maine's, appliliterature associated with the non-Christian re- cable to the danger of coloring non-Christian ligions which belong to the wealth of mankind. ideas by interpretations which really misrepre- The forces which Hung and Macmurray describe sent them: "There is no greater delusion than are pitiless in their destruction of these treasures. to suppose that you weaken an error by giving it One reason why Christianity ought at once to pos- the color of truth. On the contrary you give it sess the earth is that these values may be saved pertinacity and vitality and greater power of where alone they can be preserved in safety,-in evil." Christ. Let me preface the two other words from Mr. The Recognition of Truth Edwyn F. Bevan and Mr. Macmurray. From his new Christian viewpoint Paul saw more clearly 5. It is pleasant to come to these more positive than the Jews the true spiritual values of their notes. It is part of the Christian attitude, the inheritance. Even so it is Christians who ought true attitude, to see and to stress all that it can to see and appreciate all true spiritual values find that is good and true. This is what we ought existing anywhere and glory in them. It is a hard to do because it is right. And we ought to do it question of fact, however, as to whether the exbecause the only wise beginning is to find com- altation of these values helps men and women to mon ground. Speaking of the primal truths which come to Christ. In many cases it has done so. are met, Anthony Grant in his Bampton Lectures They have been drawn to Christ by finding in long ago remarked with obvious sound sense: "In

Him the many things they prize most in their per- 17: 22-34; Mat. 13: 1-35; Cf. Heim, "The New fect fulness. But on the other hand there are men Divine Order," pp. 99f.) and women who come to Him for what they have Is There Fulfillment? never found or known even in part. For these Mr. Macmurray and Mr. Bevan in their papers 6. Once more, there are many who find in the for the Jerusalem Missionary Council set forth words "fulfill" and "complete" an expression of one aspect of missionary policy'. Mr. Bevan the true attitude of Christianity to the non-Chris- tian religions. The words appear again and again wrote: in our present-day discussions, and usually we let them pass without stopping to scrutinize them. One great question of principle is: How far should They rest back on our Lord's great saying in the we present to non-Christian peoples what in Christianity is like their own traditions; how far what is unlike? There is a tendency in some quarters to rec- Sermon on the Mount, "Think not that I came to ommend Christianity to the Indians by making it as destroy the law and the prophets: I came not to like Hinduism as possible. On the other hand, it is just the elements in Christianity which are unlike destroy but to fulfill" (Mat. 5: 7). anything else in Hinduism that Indians most need, as But have we adequately examined this idea of Tennyson said of his friend, fulfillment? Does it cover all the facts and the "He supplied my want the more necessities of them? Did Christ come to fulfill That his unlikeness fitted mine." what is evil or untrue? Must not any honest formula include destruction as well as fulfillment?

And Mr. Macmurray said: As Principal Hogg of Madras Christian College There is first a general danger in comparing Chris· says: "Let the missionary, it is said, present tianity with other religi'ons and picking out for em- Christianity as the fulfillment of Hinduism. This phasis what they have in comm'On. That is all right formula has the advantage of permitting Hindu in a university classro'Om, 'Or in merely historical.study. religion to be regarded not· as seeking only but As a basis of P'Olicy it seems t'O me t'O be gratuitously as partial finding: yet beyond this it has little weak. The essential questi'On is t'O disc'Over what practical helpfulness. To call the relation of Christianity has t'O give tD the world that nD other re- Christianity to Hinduism one of fulfillment may ligi'On can give-in any degree. The difference has tD be indeed permissible, but the description obbe 'One of kind. Unless Christianity is essentially and scures the fact that it fulfills by, at least parradically different frDm 'Other religi'Ons, unless there is tially, destroying." Archbishop Trench closed his some sense in which it is just right and they are just great lectures on "Christ, the Desire of the Nawr'Ong, then there isn't much tQ be said fQr the mis- si'Onary drive. tions," with a clear recognition of evil in the non- One 'Of the prQfQundest remarks which I have come Christian religions which has its terrible lesson across abQut religi'On is in CQllingwQQd's Speculum Mentis. He says that religiQn reached its climax in but which is not as evil to be fulfilled. It is to Christ; and in dQing S'O it ceased tQ be religi'On. Us- be wiped out, and to endure only as those exing religiQn in this sense-and it is the only sense in purgated sections of ancient books which reprewhich it can be used when 'One stUdies cQmparative re- sent Christ's destructive power and are "the ligiQn-he seems tQ me tQ be· just right. Much that trophies of the triumph of Christianity." Of the evil in the non-Christian religions it is absolutely belongs tD religion in this sense permeates what we right to use the words not "fulfill" and "leaven" call Christianity-b'Oth in dQctrine, in spiritual 'Outlook, and in 'Organization. And I have a convictiQn but conquer and destroy.

that the points which the various w'Orld religi'Ons have And our Lord's words are to be interpreted in in CQmmQn with Christianity are in large measure the the light of other similar words of His and of the P'Oints which are nQt specifically Christian, but merely facts of history. "I came not to judge the world, religiQus. but to save the world" (John 15: 47). And yet Here is the real lesson to be drawn from Paul's He said also, "For judgment came I into the sermon on Mars Hill. That sermon is made to world" (John 9: 39). "I judge no man, yea and bear too much when it is interpreted as a recog- if I judge, my judgment is true" (John 8: 15, nition of the equality of all religions or an ac- 16). "I have many things to speak and to judge knowledgment by Paul of the validity and ade- concerning you" (John 8: 26). He came indeed quacy of the Athenian acknowledgment of God. not to judge but to save. But His coming was a He begins, indeed, just as the wise preacher does judgment and by every contact and relationship today on common ground but he presses on at of His with men, men are judged. So also He once to the distinctive Christian message and the came to fulfill the law but He fulfilled the law by . e~plosion came with his first· reference to the superseding it. Where is it now? What disposed Resurrection, and the writer adds with a sorrow- of it? Christ destroyed it. And He is abroad to- ful touch, "Then Paul went out from among day to destroy as well as to fulfill,-to fulfill all them." It was not that the method failed. The goodness and righteousness and truth and to de- sower sowed wisely-but, alas! the soil! (Acts stroy, not to leaven or perfect, slavery, polygamy,

THE TRUE CHRISTIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS

child marriage, caste, temple prostitution, injus- It is clear that the word "sharing" can be used tice, greed and all the works of "the man of sin in the true Christian sense of making Christ that opposeth and exalteth himself against all available to all the world, but it is to be feared that is called God or that is worshipped so that that the word is sometimes used today with du- he sitteth in the temple of God, setting himself biety of meaning. If it means that Christians forth as God … him will God destroy" (2 Thes. are to go to all men with Christ and the New 2: 3-10; 1 Cor. 3: 17). Here there are no geo- Testament message of Christ and share this in- graphical or religious bounds. Jesus is abroad stead of monopolizing it or keeping it as their on this mission in East and West alike, in all re- own private possession, well and good. If it ligions and in all life. He came indeed to fulfill. means that the Christian Church in America, for But there was and is another side to His mission, example, is to share with the Christian Church equally true. The gentle John spoke of it with in China in the evangelization of China, in the unflinching words: "To this end was the son of common world task of Christianity, in the united God manifested, that he might destroy the works exploration of the riches of Christ and in the in- of the devil" (1 John 3: 8). terchange of what they have found in Him, also And even the very goods and truths of the non- well and good. But if it means that Christianity Christian religions which it may be said Christ and Hinduism, for example, are to share each is to fulfill must themselves be baptized and re- with the other what that other has not, then the deemed. Neither the good of any man nor the conception is contrary to the realities of truth.

good of any religion can stand in itself before the It is to be feared that many use the new phrase blazing light and holiness of Christ. The Conti- in the sense of the equalitarianism of religions.

nental delegates at the International Missionary In other cases it is used to offset or correct the Council in Jerusalem in their statement declared supposed claim of superiority involved in offering their "conviction that the most sublime and heart Christianity to the world as the absolute and final stirring elements in the non-Christian systems if or even as the best religion. Instead of giving they are to be ruled by Jesus Christ, have to be people the Gospel, we "share our experience."

converted and regenerated in order to come to But will not this be seen, as soon as the novelty their complete fulfillment." It is essential for us of the new word is worn off, to imply an even to see this. The non-Christian religions are not more objectionable superiority complex? The to develop naturally into Christianity. They are Gospel is something for which we claim no credit to humble themselves and to be regenerated as a at all. It came to us from Asia and we are only good deal of present-day Christianity must, and passing it on. But our own experience is a per- this is hard for the corporate pride of great sonal claim, and to make it our message o'pens systems. the way to a host of new dangers, and only in- Let there be no mistake. The values of the old creases the old ones from which we were seeking religions themselves and of modern Christianity, to escape. Furthermore is it psychologically pos- too, need conversion. They too must be washed sible to share experience? It can be reported in the blood of the Lamb, pass through the agony but it cannot be shared. To share means to part of the Cross and rise again in the Resurrection. among two, to divide, to possess in common. No But, it is said, this is the very imperialistic one else can possess my experience. He can have tone in Christianity which modern thought has one of his own but it cannot be mine. What each been doing its utmost to eliminate, in the attitude and both of us can do is to experience Christ.

of Christianity to the non-Christian religions. And Christ is what we have to share. He is only Well, there is a false imperialism which is ab- and all. There can be no counter or return from horrent to Christianity, and there is a true im- anyone else.

perialism which is inherent in it. Truth is abso- The Conquering Christ lutely imperialistic and despotic and it cannot be 8. So we come in the end to Christianity's beotherwise. And Jesus Christ is Master and Lord. gining. In the words of F. W. H. Myers' glorious Three times in the New Testament He is so called, poem on St. Paul: despotes or "Emperor" (2 Timothy 2: 21; 2 Peter 2: 1; Jude 4). And no disciple of His has Christ is the end as Christ was the beginning; any warrant to abate His imperial claim, the Christ the beginning, for the end is Christ.

claim of His grace and love, but also of His right And I do not see how we can answer our ques- tion, "What does Christianity propose with reand power. gard to the religions that exist in the world?" . Sharing Religion otherwise than Dr. William NeWton Clarke an- 7. Another word which has come into usage swered it.

with regard to the Christian attitude toward the The attitude of the religion that bears the name 'of non-Christian religions is "sharing." Jesus Christ is not one of compromise, but one of con-

flict and of conquest. It proposes to displace the Why is the word conquer not right and true?

other religions. The claim of Jeremiah is the claim Dr. John Henry Barrows did not hesitate to use of Christianity,-"The gods that have not made the it as the title of his Morse Lectures on returning heavens and the earth, they shall perish from the earth from India, "The Christian Conquest of Asia." and from under the heavens." The survival of the It is not the West conquering the East. It is not Creator, joyfully foreseen, is the ground of its con- even Christianity conquering Hinduism, Budfidence and its endeavor. Christianity thus under- dhism and Islam. It is Christ conquering human takes a long and laborious campaign, in which it must hearts. He has conquered our hearts, or to the experience various fortunes and learn patience from trials and delays; but the true state of the case must extent that He has not done so, they still need not be forgotten, namely, that Christianity sets out His conquest. We rejoice to be His disciples as for victory. The intention to conquer is characteristic our Master, and His subjects as our King. This of the Gospel. This was the aim of its youth when it is the true relationship of men to Him whether went forth among the religions that then surrounded it be men of Asia or men of Europe, men of Hinit, and with this aim it must enter any field in which duism or men of Christianity. old religions are encumbering the religious nature of man. It cannot conquer except in love, but in love it And this is our Christian message,-the suintends to conquer. It means to fill the world. ("A preme, solitary Saviour who has come forth by Study of Christian Missions," p. I07f.) conquering to save, and beside whom there is no Christianity rightly uses the word conquer. other. As Christina Rossetti wrote in her hymn Dr. Clarke Cuthbert Hall says the Christianiza- forty years ago: tion of the world "suggests the conservation of None other Lamb, none 'other Name, all there is in the non-Christian faiths and its None other Hope in heaven or earth or sea, purgation, reconstruction and consummation in the fullness that is Christ Jesus." ("The Uni- None other Hiding Place from guilt and shame, versal Elements of the Christian Religion," p. None beside Thee!

51.) But what is true does not need to be purged. My faith burns low, my hope burns low; It is what is false and evil. And what is false Only my heart's desire cries out in me, and evil needs to be more than purged. It needs to be conquered, driven out, destroyed. If the By the deep thunder of its want and woe, Cries out to Thee!

early missionary leaders spoke of the enterprise Lord, Thou art Life, though I be dead; as war it was, necessary and inevitable war, with Love's Fire Thou art, however cold I be: evil, with polytheism and idolatry. Nor heaven have I, nor place to lay my head, And Christians today who cannot be accused N or home, but Thee.

of bigotry or intolerance think and speak in- .

stinctively in the same terms. Albert Schweitzer It is Jesus Christ and Him only and Him alone, calls the encounter of the basic ideas of Brah- the Son of God and the Son of Man, the only Re- manism and Buddhism on the one side and of deemer, Saviour and Lord, to whom a crown was Christianity on the other a "battle." He and his given and who came forth conquering and to fellow missionaries fighting against darkness and conquer. On this rock the Christian Church stood death, disease and sin are the "advance guard of at the beginning. Here it has stood through all an army." Dr. J. H. Cotton comes home from the the ages. Here it must continue to stand. "Other Joseph Cook lectureship in India with the convic- foundation can no many lay than that is laid."

tion that "with the attitude of Hinduism, the Gos- From this foundation the Church of Christ, so pel of Christ with its urgent Gospel of redemption long as it is true to its message and its mission, can make no peace." whether at home or abroad, will never remove.

Amid the many things that have fallen apart in the secular world and in the world of religious thought, the Bible stands unshaken. That Word is still the "lamp unto our feet and the light unto our path." It is singular that, in a day of criticism against many expressions of religion, this Book of books is being read and studied with greater devotion by more people than ever before. Science, governments, and culture have not kept the world from chaos, but the Word of our God abides forever. More criticism has been directed toward it in the past generation than against all other books of religion, but not one shred. of truth has been found false. In this Book, God still speaks to man and man to God. Gilbraltar may go down before the waves of an angry sea, but the "Rock of Ages" has withstood every storm and stress. We may well still saturate our language with its vocabulary, our lives with its spirit, and our age with its teaching.-DR. JOSEPH R. SIZOO.

the Edge of a Great Closed Land*

By the RIGHT REV. ARTHUR WARD, London, England Bishop of tbe Moravian Church W EST of the Great Closed Land of Tibet bridge-builder came, a single tree, or, where lie several small territories, Tibetan in ponies had to pass, two or more trees side by side speech and in population, and Buddhist, across the chasm, formed a sufficient bridge. In or more correctly Lamaist, in religion. Part of the side valleys an enormous rope of twigs and these territories is under direct British rule, as grass is often the only means of crossing a river.

for instance La- :'~'~~~~'~"';JfQ~·~.q51l'f~~·UjQl ~·~·"tlI·~a·~~·nj'~~~·Q~-t' houl, in which lies the Moravian ~ Mission station ~~~'I:i~..q~'~1J} 1~~W~~~'~~~~ 1~~·~"'I·AI·ii~~i~SI'r,(·qr,~· of Kyelang. Part is under the Ma- ~~:c·~·~·~l;·.fInJ·U~J,;·~·~;r~~~~ '¥I'~~['a'!~~~'~~r:f34f(nrA1¥'~ I harajah of Kash- LlJh·~~·~~4I'~sr~~~·qa·~~~~ll!?~.,~J:r~Z:·~~~~~~~I¥~4J I mir, roughly the Indus Valley, in ~q~~~.tQ·~l~~·e'3~~~~~ilI(l';~~J ~~'~~~~;;rif~~1 11 which Leh and K hal a t s e are THE LORD'S PRAYER PRIXTED IX TlBETA:T found; part is The Iniss ion preHses in 'Vpst Himalaya are printing portions of the ScriptufPS under little ra- and the lll"issionaries distribute thenl, sending' thelll over tl1e border into Tibet.

jahs. Through a Where even that is lacking, he who would pass to the other side must trust himself to the inflated considerable hide of the yak and paddle across with hands and feet. There is no vehicle on wheels in the whole stretch nomads country except a hand-cart which a Christian ar- tisan made for himself in the town of Leh. wander with "Cloudless Ladak," of which Leh is the capital, their flocks and would be a desert, if man had not learned to use the streams to irrigate the sand and the silt that herds, who are Bl'nDHIST PRAYER-:flLL forms a delta at every place where a brook joins supposed to be its river. No rain can come from the north, and subject to some Inscribed with the nlost popular the monsoons that beat upon the southern face of ruler, but live prayer. Om…llani Pad1l1e hHH~, sup- the Himalayas, nourishing the marvelous vegetatheir own life in posed to mean "Oh, jewel in the lotus," tion of the lower levels, and covering the mounthe freedom of gvery turn of the "mill" is supposed tain-tops with snow, seldom send more than a to repeat the prayer; every repetition sprinkle of snow above that giant wall that of the prayer adds to the merit of the stretches more than a thousand miles across their one praying. path. The side valleys on the south are green to the edge of the snow, but the valleys between the mountain, valley, and plateau which nobody covets two mountain-chains are barren, except where man has made the desert fruitful by leading the and few ever see. water of the torrent along tiny channels to the places where he can make a field or a garden. A great part of this land of Western Tibet, or There he plants his apricot trees which supply him with fruit and oil, some willows and poplars Little Tibet, as it is sometimes called, lies be- for timber and fuel, and some barley for his chief food. His fires are mostly fed with dried dung, tween the two main ranges of the Himalayas and his cattle and ponies feed on chaff and such where the long sand valley, thousands of feet above sea-level, is guarded on either side by rocky mountains capped with eternal snows. The passes by which communication with the outside world is possible all lie more than 11,000 feet above the sea and are impassable in winter except along the Indus and the Sutlej Rivers. Through this route the dak-runners carry the mails at the risk of their lives through avalanche, torrent, and landslide.

The inland rivers have a regular tide; for, being fed by the mountain-snow, they rise with the ris- ing sun, and fall as it sets. Until the European . * Plates to illustra.te this article are loaned by The lIIoravian .Zf.'I-is- scant herbage as can be found on the mountain- /:l lO lwry, Bf'thlehem, Pa.

[ 185 ]

side. Where lowland animals would perish of the face of the demons which swarm everywhere hunger, they manage to pick up a livelihood. the sacred Buddhist formula: Om mani padme hum ("Oh Jewel in the lotus !"). Mani walls In such a country the population is necessarily are covered with the same words as a further sparse. It is further kept down by sending one safeguard. This spell is considered so powerful son from every home into a Lamaist monastery.

that it is printed millions of times on cotton or paper and wound round the spindles of barrels large and small, known as prayer-wheels, which whirl in the bed of a stream day and night, or are turned by the hand of priest or nun in the temple, or by the laity as they pass along the road, or sit by the wayside. As the prayer-wheel revolves, all the virtue of all the prayers it con- tains, is thought to add to the merit of him who turns it, or of the rich man who had it made.

Among these people the aim of life is to acquire merit; ,for by merit the position of every living thing is deter- mined in all the six spheres of exist- ence-among gods, titans, men, ani- mals, tortured souls, and denizens of BUDDHIST DEVIL DANCERS OF TIBET hell. By merit Buddha left the Wheel who assist in torturing souls of the departed. The Tibetan religion is one of fear of Life with its endless rebirths and from which missionaries al'~s t7e~~~I~~ If~dJ~~~SP~~;f8{.nto the light of God's love, entered Nirvana, and only by merit can his disciples follow him. This is gained Even so, the number of men exceeds that of the by the use of the rosary and prayer-wheel, by women, some of whom are nuns.. As a result the pilgrimages and prostrations, by reading holy custom of polyandry prevails, and the wife of the books and hearing them read, even when sixty eldest son is the wife of all the brothers who live monks seated in a circle read aloud at the same at home. These husbands are, in turn, often absent. time sixty different pages to get the merit of Their houses are built of stone and are roofed in with branches and twigs covered with earth stamped down till it is hard. Flat stones are also used where these are available. Such roofs would be useless in a country where rain falls often and heavily. The little snow in winter is allowed to lie until spring, and then is shoveled off the roof before it melts. Stairways are made either of rough stone, or of a notched tree. The cattle-shed is below, the hu- man dwelling above. The interior is dark and cheerless, so that the roof is, as it were, the best room. Since arable land is scarce, the village is built on the rock.

The approach to a village is marked by conical structures of solid masonry A CIImSTIA~ SEWING SCHOOL AT LEH called "chortens," intended to be relic- holders, and usually containing miniature images sixty pages simultaneously. Still more merit is made of clay and the ashes of a saint. Prayer- gained by living as a hermit a life of contempla- flags, large and small, are seen on the side of tion, or by being immured in a monastery to live the road, on the chortens, on the houses, and on and die in the dark without speech or sight of the cairn at the top of the pass. These flap into one's fellowmen.

19331 ON THE EDGE OF A GREAT CLOSED LAND

Merit may be lost by means as mechanical as shadowed by Padmasambhava, the queller of de- those by which it is gained, so that few can know mons, who was called into the country from India on which side the balance lies. To take the life of in 747 to conquer the demons who were the dread the meanest creature entails loss of merit; for of the people. He marched through the land vanwho knows what soul was incarnate in that crea- quishing his enemies by the power of his spells ture? The beggar does not thank his benefactor and of the dorje, the emblem of the thunderbolt, for alms, but regards himself as the benefactor which is stilI one of the symbols of the priestly who gave the other the opportunity of gaining power. Padmasambhava founded "The Religion,"

merit by his gift. The giver dare not refuse, for as Lamaism is called, and built the first monastery. to do so would entail loss of merit. Thus all moral Today there are monasteries which are said to standards are confused. The missionary may lay contain as many as 10,000 lamas, and from end to down his life in unselfish service, but the people end of the land the lama rules the lives of the among whom he lived never think of him as unself- people. No important event in the family, in soish, for he was "reaping merit," which is the ciety, or in religion can take place without his crown of life. Christ Himself, when He gave knowledge and his participation. He quells the Himself to suffering and death for the salvation demons, as the founder of his order did, or permits of the world, is considered to have been simply them to work their will on the disobedient. In gaining merit for Himself. They believe that all devil-dances, performed by priests in hideous His love, and all His life, suffer- ~~~s ~~~n~~at~~rcO~~r~el~sH~~t ,-'~'" _>.~O".. ~ .::.:.,:>:::~'~~:;:::-:~~X;'::::':-':~-':!··~::"·~·"'-'f'-~'':.

communicable. He could be an '11>– .. •….", ..,…. "- .(,i);· .•…. ~. '<..- ". "H I"~r.'o:"e…l…-..!.-·.".'.t·;·. ~1o~,tl..,".4,:.·l~' . I", .. "•… _…….. . I ('f !- t' ,…. "'J V ; ~,/ t •.(:5 S"".,..,,h.J,ti< example, as Buddha was, but ~.>,~. ;, ; . ", I •• , • 1. ••' '",: • '< • . '- •.••.

'nothIO ng more. ,,,,,ll…,._L '.,••-J ~ ('hutjtK-~i,.c1.f.#n.~,j~;';''='''·'-'9 ~".',_' ."'L, TL.b~t. o E ven hJeersuI.ns 'hteeaavcehnI',n. gIS 0u.fnlnGt0edI,- ,.'.~..'<,,-,-, J"o:Bt…ol aa.lC.D ….r… •: ur F at 0 ;j~b<£~< ,<I,,<iI, ~ , W..t" . – .s;m~ .,~'l.,. ligible to them at first; for the "-…?,l;1J r….I… 0 '?; ", ) 1. ",10<) V A.~~A=::::::;: Sc..}e.. '1"0"'''''''' I. , .Yt::J.~ , …… . . _~ Tibetan gods, the Lhas, are not · '.-".7"",/:"~~;~':''':'r, ./ r. good in a moral sense. All the g.j""" ". !tJ:…,.s", resources of spells and magic are …..—–, .9n.t;", '……'.l..c·~.:'/.··.~.:".",~..:,}:~i''-'r..1S~-;!;….:…~•..o./../…. '

needed to guard mankind against their spite when they are angry. ………._._J ……. — If a Lha (god) is to escape from T lI3E T AlD TH E WEST HIMALAY A M ISS JO:-< the Wheel of Life, he must be· Kyelang, found ed 185B; Chot, 1897; Leh , ] 885 ; Kh a a tse, 1899 ; a nd Poo, 1865 , come a man and live the life of a Buddha. Then masks, he sets forth the power of the demons to do he too may be saved. When the great mission- harm, if the strong lama, the Superior One, is not ary, Jaeschke, translated the New Testament into there; and proclaims their powerlessness in his Tibetan, he pondered long before he could decide presence. He controls the demons by assuming what word to use for God. At last he chose the aspect of princes of demons, and the saying: "Kon-chog" (dkon-mcog) , a word which really "He casteth out devils by Beelzebub, the prince of designated "The Most Precious Thing." This the devils," would seem to them to be a compliment comprises the triad of Buddhism-the Buddha, and not a reproach. giver of the law; the scriptures that contain his teaching; the priesthood that mediates on his Their power in the last resort is founded upon teaching. Jaeschke thus justifies his choice in their teaching of metempsychosis. The fear of all his dictionary: the possibilities of rebirth, backed by the fears of a demon-ridden land, keep the people in subjection As the original and etymological signification of the to those who claim to know the way of safety, and word is no longer current, so to every Tibetan dkon- have power to put fear into the rebellious. m.cog -suggests the idea of some supernatural power, the existence ·of which he feels in his heart, and the na. Against this ancient and mighty system are ture and properties of which he attributes more or less contending a handful of Moravian missionaries. to the three agents mentioned above, we are fully en- The pioneers, Heyde and Pagell, were sent to titled to assign to the word dkon-rneog also the signifi· Mongolia in 1853 to begin a mission that should cation of God, though the sublime conception which the work eastwards to meet the missionaries in China Bible connects with this word, viz, that -of a personal, who were moving westwards from the coast. Rusabsolute, omnipotent being, will only with the spread sia refused to let them pass through her territory, of Christianity be gradually introduced and e,stab· and after repeated efforts to get through from lished. India, they asked permission to stay in Western Tibet, where they found themselves held up once But in Tibetan Buddhism, the Master is over-

more. They founded Kyelang in Lahoul and Poo shut off from the rest of the world four or five in Kunawur, close to the frontier of the Closed months in the year, and in spite of the perplexing Land. The Church sent out J aeschke, its greatest variety of dialects in a mountainous region, the linguist, to master the language, produce a dic- sense of the message gets through by the aid of tionary, and translate the Bible. He died in 1883, pictures and lanterns. when he had completed all the New Testament, except Hebrews, having chosen as his vehicle from Sometimes the seeming impossibility of the among the many dialects the literary form of task of dealing with the power of Lamaism, not classical Tibetan. His work has been carried on to mention the Hinduism and Mohammedanism by his successors, until the completion of the Old that have followed the trader and the State official Testament is in sight, and thanks to the initial especially in Leh, almost sap one's courage. The fight between David and Goliath was on even terms in comparison with this. But in a service in one of these little congregations, and espe- cially at a celebration of the communion, faith returns; for these Ladakh Christians also were Buddhists; now there has been a new creation.

The oldest station of the Mo- ravians in Asia is Kyel.ang in La- hou!' This has served as the base for wide itineration and for visits to Triloknath, a sacred place of pilgrimage. Some who have heard Christ preached there have gone to Kyelang to be taught more fully. One of the Christians has taken charge of the work as an unpaid volunteer on two occasions when there was no missionary available.

Poo, the second station, had to be closed a few years ago, chiefly on account of the economic circum- THE VILLAGE OF poa, 0::1 THE BORDER OF TIBET Evangelists stances in the Sutley Valley; but there are still Christians there Founded in lRH5, the missionary work was abandoned tenlporarily ill j 92-1. who do not figure on the official in 1930 and 1931 founded a revival of interest.

list. The village is only eight miles work of Jaeschke and the help of three educated from Tibet, which has been entered more than once Tibetans, members of one family, the third of from there, especially on errands of mercy. Since 1904 the British Government has been pledged to prewhom is one of the first two ordained Tibetan vent all Europeans from crossing the border. Conpastors, there will be a translation of the Bible, sidering the disadvantages under which they labor, as Dr. Francke said, which can rank with the the Christians who have remained faithful without Tibetan classics, as the English, and German the support of a missionary must have learned well, Bibles rank foremost among the classics of their so that their faith in Christ has not failed. respective lands. The greatest success has been achieved in Leh, the Reckoned by numbers the Church of Western capital of Ladak. Two native ministers who were Tibet, the fruit of the work of nearly eighty years ordained in 1920 were members of this congregation.

is very small; but it is not the whole of the fruit. Most of the evangelists have sprung from there; so The mission schools have done their share, though have the dispenser at the hospital and the native they have now mostly passed into the hands of the nurse. The latter once said of one of the two native State, except as far as the girls are concerned. ministers: "He gives us soul-food." Every day an Some heathen customs and conceptions have van- address is given at the hospital to the patients who come for treatment. As manY as 600 (sometimes ished for very shame before the face of the Chris- more) come from Turkestan in the few months when tian missionary. Copies of tracts and of the Gos- the passes are open, and over 100 from India. Leh is pels have found their way into Tibet and Nepal a trading center visited from far and near. It is imand into the monasteries themselves. A Tibetan possible to track the results of this daily preaching of news-sheet has carried new facts and new the Gospel by EUropeans and Tibetans. The opposithoughts into Tibetan villages. Evangelizing tion of the lamas is strong, and the people take little tours have taken the Gospel into valleys that are interest in religion, whether th!)ir own or ours.

Liberating India's Outcastes*

By the REV. JAMES F. EDWARDS, Poona, India Editor 0/ the Dnyanodaya; Principal of United Theological College of Western India H UNDREDS of Hindu temples all over India touchability, and not on a comparatively small are at last being opened to India's untouch- issue." ables, in spite of orthodox opposition. Sol- The explanation of India's new attitude toemn resolutions are being passed by caste people wards the outcaste seems to include at least three of all grades that they will cease to reckon anyone factors in bringing about the revolution: the pa- as low merely because of birth. Weare in the tient work of the Indian social reformers; the midst of that social, moral and religious revolu- influence of the British Government and of other tion, the unmistakable signs of which. have been civilizing influences from the West; the work of long detected by discerning eyes. Christian missionaries and the Indian Church.

We see the birth of the new India of missionary The first two of these factors have been deeply dreams, just as the birth of modern Japan was influenced by the third.

heralded in the middle of the last century by the India's social reformers, with invincible opti- noble Samurai class relinquishing the rights they mism, have plodded on with their colossal task.

possessed by virtue of dignity and birth. The editor of the Indian Social Reformer, presid- For caste and all its evils, India has to thank ing at the fortieth National Social Conference, the Hindu faith. The roots of caste go deep down said that he could even then "hear almost every into the Hindu theory of karma which holds the day some part of this medireval system crashing outcaste status to be the punishment for evil deeds to the ground as if struck down by unseen hands."

done in a former existence. Hence, for two thou- On the historic 24th of September when India sand years Hinduism has been the negation of from end to end was trembling for fear lest nationality, split up into 2,300 separate castes. Gandhi should die of the fast he had begun four The denationalizing power of untouchability is days earlier, the Reformer came out with one of clear from the numbers of the outcastes-the lat- the greatest articles in the history of Indian jour- est estimate being 62,000,000. nalism, giving unanswerable facts to support its The Indian Christian Church itself has not es- contention against "Self-Immolation As a Method caped the blighting curse of caste. Sadhu Sundar of Social Reform." Mr. Gandhi himself has for Singh said that the spirit of caste in the Church years had the orthodox pundits fulminating was like elephantiasis in the Church's feet. The against him for his campaign against untouchconverted Brahmin, the late Rev. NiIkanth Nehe- ability, though his campaign has been weakened 'miah Goreh, said that "Christianity with caste by his repeated view that "the caste system is in- herent in human nature." would be no Christianity at all." . . .

Some people speak of the new revolution in Anti-untouchability also owes so much to the India regarding the untouchables as if the revo- influence of the British Government in India. A lution had been accomplished on September 24th well-known Indian writer belonging to the high by the Poona Pact and in virtue of Gandhi's vow caste wrote recently: "The depressed classes to "fast unto death" unless some of the disabili- would have lived in perpetual serfdom, or far ties of the outcastes were removed. The strain of worse than serfdom, if India had not been placed political untouchability still remains in the sepa- under British rule." A few years ago, Sir George rate register for untouchables. in the primary Curtis, then a member of the Bombay Governor's elections approved by Gandhi in the Poona Pact. Council, when a bill was before the House pro- Sir Chimanlal Setalvad, chairman of the Western posing to give to untouchables throughout the India Liberal Association says: "One wishes that Bombay presidency the common rights of using Mr. Gandhi had used the sledge-hammer method public wells and of their children attending public of his fast for the main issue, the removal of un- day schools,' narrated the following incident: Just after the World War it fell to him to nomi- . • Freely quoted from a recent editorial by Dr. James F. Edwards I!) the J]nyononaya, nate on behalf of the Government such members [ 189]

as were needed to ensure all classes of the popu- Every province in India supplies testimony to the lation being represented on the Local Municipal power of Jesus Christ -to uplift those depressed Council. As there had just returned from the war classes who constitute one fifth of the Hindu popuan outcaste who had done notable service for his lation. The Indian Bishop of Dornakal says that country, Sir George thought it fitting he should be among the Telugu-speaking outcastes of Andhra nominated and the Government confirmed the Desa there are no less than 800,000 followers of nomination. After the appointment all the other Jesus Christ, the fruit of at least six missionary members of the Council, being caste people, sent societies. The greatest triumph of the Indian in a representation, requesting that in future all outcaste is that with Christ in his heart and life the business of the Council be done by correspond- he is attracting to Christ the Sudra caste people ence, since they could not tolerate the idea of sit- so successfully that the latter are coming to Christ ting with an untouchable in the Council. Their :'in groups, families and villages," about 26,000 of request was not granted. such people having been attracted to Jesus during "the last five or ten years." First among "the rea- The Chris,tian Influence sons that have led these people Christward" Dr. Azariah places "the attractive power of the life The Christian influence in India's silent revo- of the Christians of outcaste origin." He sees lution reveals the truth that caste, untouchability "the marvelous operation of God the Holy Spirit" and communalism are all plain denials of Christ's in the change that leads those "only a few years principle of brotherhood. The late Maharajah of ago proud and haughty, insolent and insulting in Kolhapur, who by common consent was the leader their manner to Christians and Christian teachers, of India's untouchables, said that it was necessary now to sit in church and chapel and to receive the "to dethrone the Brahmins in order to enthrone holy sacrament without any thought of the caste the Indian nations." When asked why he was origin of the co-recipients or of the ministering." eliminating caste regulations from his State, he "This is the God I am going to worship and to replied that he got the idea in the Presbyterian serve henceforth," said an earnest seeker after Mission Hospital at Miraj. The present Mahara- God who had watched a congregation in prayer jah of Kolhapur has issued an order that un- and who then heard "the story of God suffering touchability is now no longer to be recognized in for men on the Cross." No wonder that the greatthe Kolhapur State. Many years ago Mr. B. G. est triumph of the Indian outcaste is the triumph Tilak, though no friend of Christians, said pub- in and through them of their redeeming Christ. licly in Bombay that Christian missionaries were the only people who had done what was right by Along with this outcaste movement to Christ, the outcastes. is the wonderful movement among the caste peo- ple that began in 1926 and shows no signs of abat- Thousands of facts show that Jesus Christ is the ing. In the past five years, no less than 7,234 liberator of India's outcastes. India's own re- caste Hindus have received Christian baptism. formers, Mr. Gandhi included, show that Jesus has been the chief inspiration of their beneficent The outcaste Christians of the village of Ancampaigns. As the vice-principal of the Rajaram naram have built with their own hands a church College said a few years ago, Jesus Christ is more to seat 250 people without a penny of cost to the and more regarded as "the greatest son of Asia." Missionary Society.

RIGHTS OF THE DEPRESSED CLASSES The untouchables in India equal in number about one half the population of the United States. They are kept in menial servitude and are deprived of many rights of human beings- material, social, political, educational and religious.

These "depressed classes" are now demanding complete adult suffrage, representation on all local legislative bodies on a population basis, special grants for education, and the right to appeal to the Government over any neglect of their interest in education, sanitation or public service. One great question still remains unsolved-the electorate in the Native States. They are still deprived of their rights in Government schools, the free use of village wells, admis- sion to temples, equality in trade and employment and in social fellowship. India has still a long road to travel before equality and justice are established and before the principles of Christ are accepted as the basis for human relationship-to say nothing of the relation of man to God as revealed in Jesus Christ.

the Teacher's House Was

By the REV. GLENN B. OGDEN, Kasganj, U. P., India Missiol1ary of the Presbyterial1 Church, U. S. A.

I N SAIDPUR village there is no high and low for their sick; to explore ways of getting out of caste problem for there are only Chamars the hands of the money lender, to do any such in- living there. They are all farmers though one dependent thing seems to them a very dangeror two of them work part time at making shoes. ous procedure. They are pigeon-hearted, fearful, They are a simple untutored folk with capacities trembling, but one can scarcely blame them. for loyalty, love and faith only partly developed. Their When Mrs. Ogden for the lives are dominated by feai., first time visited their women not so much the fear that and children, talked to them, spiritual darkness engenders gave simple medicines for the many minor illnesses which but fear of their landlord. she found, they took the medi- This landlord is the typical cines gladly, only to throw "big fat baniya" as they call them away a short time after him, who lives in the neigh- the "Memsahiba" had left the boring town of Soron. He village. Someone had frightdoes no work himself, but ened them by a ridiculous loans money to needy farm- rumor: "They have taken ers and is satisfied with your pictures and will send 37%;10 interest for a year! them to their own country. Always ready to loan five or You are now all made mem- ten or even fifty dollars to bers of the pakka (strong any ignorant farmer on these religion). Have nothing to terms; no receipts are given; do with this medicine or you all the papers rest in his will become socially unclean."

strong box. The villagers Out went all the medicines cannot read or write. They and even the salve.

give only thumb impressions Truly the Sahib had taken on stamped papers when a – — – their pictures. A little openm 0 n e y transaction takes air school had, at their own A FIRST VISIT TO A CHAMAR'S VILLAGE place. As long as they do the request, been started in very landlord's bidding and remain his willing slaves primitive conditions. A teacher who was going the Zamindar treats them with consideration; about the country as a Sadhu, doing free and inbut let them cross him in word or deed and there dependent work, was available so long as they is much to pay. One or two henchmen do some would feed him and give him a hut in which to sound beating of thinly clad backs, and he brings live. Progress was being made. Many boys were suit against them for collection of big and long- taught at noon when they came in for food and standing debts. Since all the papers have re- rest after a morning in the fields. Even some mained with him and they have trusted him to of the older youths were eager to do the same at write in the proper amounts, they may find them-· night when the day's work was done. All was selves hopelessly involved in a lawsuit that, if it moving along smoothly and everything looked goes against them, will cripple them for life. hopeful; but there was that landlord who had Any signs of interest in the good things of the been off to a mela, or fair, for ten days or more.

Christian fellowship is an unusual experience for Upon his return he was told that all his people them. To start a school with the help of a friend- in this village were in danger of becoming ly babu (teacher); to receive the missionary and bhangis (a term as hateful as nigger) Christians.

his wife in a friendly way, or receive medicines He immediately decided that the teacher must be [191 ]

driven out of that village at all costs. It was no flames shot up. Then off they went to be at home concern to him that boys from little Piyare up to and quietly asleep. Fifteen roofs burned; fifteen big Baldeo were having their first opportunity to families were left for the most part without learn to read and write. He did not like it that covering or protection against the biting chill of there was a possibility of several literates coming the winter nights. Fifteen families were cast' out of that village. Still less did he fancy the into distress of poverty with their houses ruined. possibility of their becoming Christians and cut Who will help? Will the landlord? No. The fox off from the Hindu political fold. As an ardent tried to make out that the people had fired their Nationalist of the civil disobedience type he has own roofs so as to be able to bring a case against been in jail for his Gandhi activities. Least of him and thus rebel against his authority. all did he like to think of a possible day when the people of his village would become independent But there was help forthcoming, though meaof him and his money bag and might get out from ger. There is a small Christian group in Soron under his heavy heel. and another in Kasganj. Offerings were taken to go with money that friends from America sent in little gifts. New blankets, very rough and coarse but nevertheless warm, were procured for those that could not possibly buy new ones for themselves; grain was bought for those whose pitifully small store- was burned and parched underneath falling grass roofs afire; a grind- stone or two was provided for those whose stones were cracked by the heat and so cut off their flour supply; new ridge poles were brought for those who had not had time to pull down their roofs and save the precious poles; new grass thatch was given those who could not make ar- rangements for themselves.

THE OPEN AIR SCHOOL AT SAIDPUR "Drive that man out of your village at once or MEM-SAHIB CONDUCTING AN OPEN AIR CLINIC it will be a sorry day for you," he ordered. "Beat him, kill him, if necessary, but don't you dare to A little help, but how welcome and timely; it let him stay. If he does not get out of here and made human hearts glad. Who can tell the rethat right soon his house will be burned over his suIts? A new spirit of courage and independence head. We don't want that young devil here." and integrity has already begun to appear as they This is a weak sample of the gali he gave them thought: Are we after all men and not someone's and the abuse he heaped upon the head of the abject slaves? Is it possible that the days of our teacher and those who had placed him there. affliction are nearing an end? What is there in this Christian religion that makes people help us? Midnight came and all was well. A half hour We would see more and learn more. Do not leave later great flames leapt up into the neem tree us now. We are still in danger of that landlord's that stands near the babu'8 house. machinations. Stand by us and stand with us.

"Wake up and get out of there in a hurry!" cried a friendly neighbor of Babu Lall. "Your roof is on fire. Will you stay in there and be burned up with all your bedding and books?" shouted the man.

The threat had been carried out. Late in the night two quiet-moving forms might have been seen carrying a smoldering piece of dried dung cake, placing it in quietly among the thatch straws on the rear side of the house, away from all observers. Then they quietly slipped away to a neighboring field to watch till the first vigorous

Is New in China?

By the REV. CHESTER B. RAPE, B.Sc.

For twenty-four years a Missionary in China mzder the Methodist Episcopal Church W HEN Mrs. Rape and I first went to China Shanghai has proved, they make excellent fight- in 1908 we were surprised that we were ers. not called upon to pass the usual quarantine or customs inspections, and that our pass- While no one can foretell what will be the outports were not called for. After a week in Shang- come of the present struggle between China and hai, outfitting ourselves for life in a semi-tropical Japan, I am sure that there will be at least two important results. In the first place, this strug- climate, we started on our long journey into the gle will unite the various factions in China as interior, a journey which was to take us more nothing else could do. That is already taking than fifty days. As we traveled westward up the place. In my own province of Szechuen for sevgreat Yangtze River, we stopped at many large eral years there have been more than three hun- cities and passed by hundreds of towns and vil- dred thousand soldiers. In order to support this lages. Only in one place, Ichang, one thousand vast standing army, when Mrs. Rape and I left miles inland from Shanghai, were any questions there about a year ago, land taxes had been colwhatsoever asked. Not once in a long journey lected in advance to the year 1952. These solof fifteen hundred miles did we see a soldier or diers are divided among three Chinese generals, the national flag which, at that time, was a black or military lords, as we call them. About a year dragon on a yellow background. ago one of our missionaries wrote that one of On my last journey up the Yangtze in March, these generals had become disgruntled because 1930, I took the steamer at Nanking, the capital he thought he was not getting his share of the of the new China. As I drove from the campus provincial revenues. Therefore he declared war of Nanking University down a broad boulevard, on the other two. Troops were everywhere on a memorial to Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the new national the move and it looked as if civil war could not emblem was everywhere in evidence. Smartly be averted. Suddenly a wireless message was dressed military officers dashed about in the latest received from Shanghai announcing that the models of American cars, with armed guards Japanese had invaded Manchuria. At once these clinging to the running-boards. Soldiers filled three military lords called a conference, settled the streets. As our boat, a British vessel, left their own differences and sent a joint telegram the port of Nanking she dipped her flag to three to the national government in Nanking offering modern, up-to-date Chinese warships in the har- their hearty and united support against Japan.

bor. As we journeyed westward, we saw thou- This struggle will probably confirm the Chinese sands upon thousands of soldiers everywhere; in the belief that the only way they can secure every city, town and village was decorated with justice from the rest of the world is "to arm to the new national flag. the teeth." This is fraught with the gravest of Recently, after a noted European diplomat had danger to the peace of the entire world. Latest visited China and had seen several of the prov- government statistics state that there are now inces, someone asked him what impressed him 474,000,000 people in China. That is one-fourth most. His immediate reply was, "Soldiers, sol- of the population of the entire globe. They candiers, soldiers." You cannot get out of sight of not "arm to the teeth" without having a very soldiers anywhere in China today. You hear the decided reaction upon the peace of the rest of eternal blowing of their bugles from early morn- the world. In his book, "The New Crisis in the ing until late at night. There are in China today Far East," Stanley High says: more than two and one-half million men under China had counted for her security upon the peace arms. To be sure, many of them are poorly machinery.of this post-war world. . . . If China is equipped and ill-trained, but as Chinese Gordon forced into militarism it will be either because the 80proved long ago, and as the recent fighting around called Christian nations of the West have not been [193 ]

Christian enough to secure fairness for her, or be- ping anchor in the harbor for thirty minutes, cause the Christians 'of China, weakened by the weak- and a tax of fifty cents on each parcel and case ening missionary activity, have not been able to stem of cargo carried. On nearing Chungking, my the rapidly mounting tide of nationalist extremism. destination, fifteen hundred miles inland, the first thing that greeted our eyes was an immense sign I pray God that America and Europe may show painted on the city wall, "Down with Imperial- China a better way than war. I have faith ism." Not even the fact that I had resided in enough in the reasonableness of the Chinese to that city for more than twenty years and was believe that if we will only show them that way, well known, saved my baggage from a final inthey will follow. The responsibility is ours. spection.

On arrival at Ichang in 1930, three different The Contrast-1908 and 1930 searching parties boarded our boat. My baggage A TYPICAL STRIDET Di OLD CHUNGKIKG-NARROW, How shall we account for the differences be- DARK, FILTHY tween the years 1908 and 1930? In 1908 China had been for more than two hundred and sixty was inspected not only when I left the first vessel years subject to an alien race, the Manchus. Conon which I had traveled, but again when I em- currently for decades she had been under the barked on a smaller boat which was to take us economic domination and exploitation of various through the famous gorges of the upper Yangtze, foreign powers. Consequently, there was no such the most beautiful scenery in all the world. thing as patriotism. Then, thanks to forty years Across the river from Ichang the whole side of of untiring efforts on the part of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, a mountain was covered with the words twenty- the father of the new China, the Manchu yoke five feet in height, worked in cement, announc- was thrown off in 1911. For fifteen years revoluing to all far and near, "Away with Unequal tion followed revolution until in 1926 that mili- Treaties," "Finish the Establishment of the Re- tary genius, General Chiang Kai-shek, won vicpublic," "Complete the Education of the People." tory after victory and the present Nationalist You will find slogans like these all over China Government was established. today, and they are having tremendous effect in arousing the millions of that land. There is much to be desired in China today, but conditions are not nearly so bad as the Amer- At Wanhsien, twelve hundred miles from ican newspapers would lead us to believe. The Shanghai, our vessel was subjected to a rigid wonder is that conditions have not been worse search by six different government bureaus. We during the last fifteen or twenty years. When a were forced to pay seventy-five dollars for drop- nation of more than four hundred and seventy million people are struggling to be reborn, can this be accomplished without pain and trouble? Think of the chaos that followed our own Amer- ican Revolution, or the French Revolution which was infinitely worse! China, during the last twenty years, has been in travail. After another decade or two, I am confident that China, if left alone by outside influences, will become a strong, vigorous nation that will benefit the whole world.

The present Nationalist Government really has the interests of the masses very much at heart. It has already accomplished phenomenal things and no wonder. Ex-President Chiang Kai-shek and his wife are both Christians. Recently, one of our missionaries who has been working in Nanking for more than forty years wrote that day after day she had been attending a prayer meeting in the home of President and Mrs. Chiang. And for what did they pray? That China might be able to overcome Japan in the present struggle? No; they had something more important than that. They prayed that the lead- ers of China might be given divine guidance; that the masses might be uplifted and brought to a saving knowledge of Jesus Christ.

At the Eastern Asia Central Conference of the

WHA'l' IS NEW IN CHINA'?

Methodist Church in Nanl{ing in March, 1930, Three Principles of the People," namely, Na- General Chang Chih-chiang led our devotional tionalism, Democracy, and the People's Liveli- exercises one morning, and gave one of the most hood, and they must pass examinations set by inspiring addresses of that conference. On the government inspectors. This is one of the big- Sunday when Dr. John Goudy and Dr. Wang gest pieces of educational work that the world Chih-ping were consecrated as bishops, two of has ever known. With the young people thor- General Chang's children were baptized. Dur- oughly aroused and awake, it is no wonder that ing the last two years General Chang has given we have a new public consciousness, real patriot- over twenty-six thousand dollars for the distribu- ism, in China today. The Christian Church has tion of the Scriptures in the Chinese language. had a very great influence on the moral and in- Had I time I might mention several other men, tellectual life of the Chinese through its mission now prominent in the national or provincial gov- schools.

ernments, who are strong Christian men. Physical Changes in China China today is new politically. When we first In the third place, China is rapidly becoming went to China the Manchus were still in power new physically. There is a perfect mania for with the old Empress Dowager, Tzu Rsi, still on the building of motor roads, and for the rebuildthe throne. Today these Christian leaders are do- ing of entire cities. The province of Szechuen, ing the best they can to establish a real republican the largest and most westerly of all the provform of government. I am glad that Christianity is having a real part in the remaking of China.

Second.-In China today there is a new public consciousness and real patriotism. For more than twenty years I have been connected with our large school for boys in Chungking. During the first few years we never had one patriotic holi- day. There was nothing to be patriotic about.

But not so with the new China 1 In the fall and winter of 1928, we had thirty-nine such holidays in one term. They were coming three and four each week, but as soon as the new Nationalist Government became strong, the Ministry of Edu- cation took up the question of holidays and de- cided that there should be only eight holidays In A :-.1EW WiDE STREll.'T-SEUAN CHA i R A N D AuTOMOBILE a year. They established a penalty for any in- stitution that closed on any other day. Since inces of China, is five times as large as the State then we have had no further trouble with this of Ohio. It has a population of seventy million super-patriotism of our Chinese students. But I people. Eight years ago there was not a mile of do not blame those young people. China had been good roads in all that province, and wheeled ve- deprived of holidays for two hundred and sixty hicles were unknown among those seventy million years. Why not make up for a few they had lost? people. Our roads were mere stone-paved paths, Students in all schools are now required to and when you came to a hill or a mountain there gather once each week for a half hour's patriotic were stone steps up one side and down the other.

service. The program is very simple: In the You could not use even a wheelbarrow on such front of each auditorium are displayed the pic- roads.

ture of Dr. Sun Yat Sen and the national flag. For more than twenty years I have been living The student body arises, makes three elaborate in Chungking-a city of eight hundred thousand bows to the flag and picture, very much as we people, fifteen hundred miles up the Yangtze salute the flag in this country. This is followed River, and one thousand miles from the nearest by three minutes of silent prayer, after which accessible railroad. It is surrounded by a great they sing the national anthem, and repeat Dr. stone wall from thirty to forty feet thick and Sun's will. The meeting closes with a report by from fifty to sixty feet high. This wall is pierced a government representative on the progress of by nine massive gates that are closed at night and government policies throughout the land. Not in times of trouble. The city is built on a nar- only is a program like this followed in the row ridge between two rivers, the Yangtze and schools, but also in Chambers of Commerce, busi- Railing.

ness men's conventions, and in all public gather- Until the year 1928, the streets had been nar- ings. row, dark and filthy. There were thousands of Students from the elementary grades through stone steps up and down the hilly streets. In to the colleges are all required to study "The 1927 our military officials gave notice that they

were going to rebuild that great city. In Chinese roads in the province of Szechuen. Today there cities there are no lawns, no parkways. Houses are already completed three thousand miles of and places of business are built on the street line. well-surfaced roads, and twenty-five hundred The people were forced to tear down their houses more miles are now under construction. Several and stores, move back from five to thirty feet; American and European Gompanies have their give that land to the city; rebuild their houses foreign agents in Chungking, selling automobiles, and stores at their own expense and pay for the trucks and road building machinery. Of course, paving of the new wider streets. They never re- all the large oil companies have their agents ceived one cent of compensation or indemnity there. A tremendous new market has been from the government. A military government, opened up, for what I have said of Chungking at the point of a bayonet, can do most anything. and the province of Szechuen is typical of what is going on everywhere. During the last year I When we left Chungking in 1931, there were was in China we had to tear down the fronts of wide streets and avenues, rapidly being lined with eleven different churches in as many different four-story buildings. A new city ordinance re- cities, in order to make way for the widening of quires that every building erected must be at streets. least four stories in height. Where three years before wheeled vehicles had been unknown, there The struggle in China today is the most fasciwere five bus lines in operation, hundreds of cars nating in all human history. It is crowding into going everywhere, and the freight was beginning a single generation the political, economic, social and religious revolutions that took Europe and America several hundred years to complete. China is going to win, for there is in progress every kind of a revolution that the world has ever known-political, intellectual, economic, social and religious. The most insignificant are the petty political revolutions of which you read so much in American newspapers.

THE NEW EDLlCATION-ANATOMY CLASS IN WEST New China and the Church CHINA UNION UNIVERSITY Fourth.-There is a new attitude on the part of to be carried in trucks rather than on the backs the Chinese towards the Church. During the of human beings, as had been the custom for last few years the Christians in China have had centuries. to face difficulties greater than those ever faced by any church. During 1926 and 1927 especially, Remarkable as that development may seem, there was such intense anti-Christian feeling that something more remarkable has taken place out- in many places it was necessary to lock our side the city walls. For a radius of from two churches and hold meetings secretly in the homes and a half to three miles there had been one vast of the people. Incidents from the Olives of our cemetery, hundreds of thousands of graves, the workers during those years would read like cerburial place of the people of Chungking for cen- tain chapters from the Acts. But that antituries. In 1927 the military Government notified Christian storm seems to have passed and indicathe people that they were going to level these tions today are that China has never been so open graves and build a new city in order to relieve to the Gospel message. the congestion within the walls, an area of only a little over four square miles for eight hundred The physical changes are but an indication of thousand people. Three months were given in the changes going on in the hearts and minds of which to move graves of loved ones and at the the Chinese. City walls are coming down; streets expiration of that time the Government set thou- are being widened; and the light of the sun and sands of men to work levelling graves, laying out fresh air are dispelling darkness and disease. wide streets and dividing the area into city lots. But far more significant is the fact that the walls When we left this work was rapidly being com- of fear and ignorance and superstition and rigid pleted and there were wide streets lined with conservatism are coming down; today the Gostrees and lighted with electric lights at night. It pel of Jesus Christ, the Light of the world, is sounds like a story from "The Arabian Nights"! really having a chance at those millions. Thank God, thousands are being transformed by the Eight years ago there was not a mile of motor power of the Gospel.

Do you realize the full significance of the level- ling of all those graves around Chungking? For centuries ancestral worship had a very deep hold upon the Chinese. On Ching Ming, which comes

WHAT IS NEW IN CHINA?

about our Easter time, each family was required There is also a new attitude on the part of our to repair the graves of its ancestors. On two Chinese Christians in the support of the Church. different occasions each year it was necessary When I became principal of the Chungking High that certain religious rites be performed at the School in 1910, we had almost to pay the stugraves. The desecration of a grave was the most dents to attend school. We granted many of heinous crime. Only twelve years ago, one of our them free tuition and board, loaned them their missionaries caused a riot by cutting off the cor- books, and even bought clothes for some of them. ner of a grave mound when building a road to Today that institution is practically self-supporthis new residence. But during 1927 and 1928 ing. Neither has this advance interfered with our hundreds of thousands of graves were levelled Christian purpose, for the majority of the stuaround Chungking, and hardly a voice was raised dents are Christians, and there is a real Christian against it. How do you account for it? Simply atmosphere in the institution. Our hospitals have this, today the Chinese have broken with the past also made the same gain in self-support. and they are scrapping old superstitions; even ancestral worship is losing its hold on the people. The other day I received an air-mail letter which came from Chungking to Delaware, Ohio, VAST CE:VIETEf~Y orTSI DE WALLS OF CH 1;~GKI~G in twenty days. In 1908 it took us fifty-three days to make the· journey from Shanghai to This is very significant for the Christian Church, Chungking! Today we have a splendid airport for it means that they are more open to the Gos- at Chungking and regular passenger and mail pel message than ever before. But we must service between that city and the coast. But the realize, too, that China is open to all kinds of great surprise was not in this remarkable change propaganda and there never was such a need to in method of transportation, but in the message preach the Christ way of living and all that that that the letter brought. It came from our Chinese means. Christian leaders and was written in their lan- Fifth.-There is a new spirit in the Church in China. When we first went to the Chungking guage. It expressed deep sympathy with the Conference twenty-four years ago, every admin- Christian people of America during this time of istrative position in the Church was occupied by depression, and a prayer that conditions might foreign missionaries. Every district superintend- soon improve. Second: It recorded real appreciaent, every superintendent of a hospital, every tion for what the Church in America has done principal of a mission school, and many pastors for the Church in China. Third: They said that of Chinese churches were missionaries. Today they were determined to make the churches in there is not one administrative position in the the Chungking Conferences self-supporting by hands of our missionaries there. Splendidly the end of the year 1933. The letter closed with trained Chinese Christian leaders have gotten this challenge: "Our word in the face of the last under the burdens and are filling these positions cable from the Board saying there would be no with credit to themselves and to the Church. What a privilege it is for us, as missionaries, to ~EW ROAD THHOl'Gll aLl) CJC:IET~jHY Ol:TS']DE CHUNGKING cooperate with these leaders in the task of rebuilding the life of a people! What a vast differ- appropriation for our work in 1933, is, 'Go forence, too, this change has made in our lives and ward.' Weare planning to concentrate and move in our work! Never have we been on such inti- ahead." mate terms with the people. Never have we been admitted to so many homes. Never have we had Many casual observers, because of banditry, them seek our help and advice so much. And famine, civil war, and the threat of communism, never have we been so happy in our work. take a pessimistic view of the outlook in China, but I am more optimistic about China today than I have ever been during my twenty-four years of residence there. I have learned to allow a very

liberal discount for those things in present-day has been at the very center of the movement out conditions which alarm casual observers. I have of which the new China is slowly emerging." learned to place great confidence in the solid, abiding things in Chinese character and civiliza- Today China's needs are many, but her supreme tion which have endured through the centuries. need is Jesus Christ. Let Christians redouble their efforts in China. Let the many fine char- Today China is aroused as never before. The acteristics of the Chinese people be dominated by Christian Church there has an influence far be- the spirit of Jesus Christ, and there is no doubt yond the power of mere statistics to show. As as to the ultimate triumph of the cause of right- Stanley High says, "Christianity for a century eousness and peace.

A Message from African Jungles By JANET MILLER, M.D., Congo, Central Africa Author of "Jungles Preferred"; Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South I DO not bring a message from one of the great sidering the greatest good to the greatest number, metropolises of the world where life has be- consider that the richest boon of this wonderful come a chaos of specialized activities. My century is the progress made in the science of message comes from the heart of Central Africa medicine. The leaves of the tree of science have where primitive conditions prevail. been for the physical healing of the nations. This "But," perhaps you will say, "you are yourself is a fact of great personal import to each of us.

a specialist in medical science." During my last term of service in Africa a True, I am a medical missionary; but I am also strange and wonderful thing happened on the an agriculturalist. It is part of my task to teach earth-something which no prophet foretold, of the African Blackman to make a better garden which no seer dreamt. A Japanese scientist made and to improve his standard of living. a great discovery and a marvelous material gift I am also an engineer. We have built a sub- to suffering humanity on the African Gold Coast stantial reservoir in a near-by stream to conserve -a specific for yellow fever. We owe this boon drinking water. The Black people no longer drink to the hunting instinct and the sacrificiaJ labor the water in which they wash their clothes. of one man.

I am also a contractor and a carpenter. New We need to examine this primitive hunting inbuildings on our hospital reservation are con- stinct. It is a powerful driving force and an instructed under my supervision. dispensable part of our natural endowment. Let us lift it up and center it around the noble ambi- So I may claim to be in sympathy and under- tion for solving the problems not only of personal standing with men of many trades and profes- need but of international depression and despair sions. which are in the world today.

In an African jungle, where food is plentiful, Our civilization calls for courageous leadership many individual animals are seeking it. Here is which will set men at the central task of searcha huge jungle prowler who procures his food by ing for a cure for the distressing conditions which sheer strength. Another animal, a young antelope, prevail everywhere. We desperately need leaders lacking the strength of the leopard or the lion, escapes being devoured by his fleetness of foot; he lives by his wits, as verily as any human ad- who will search for life's holy places where guid- venturer. ance in this great task is to be had; leaders who Nature has implanted the hunting instinct in will call to a progressive crusade for righteousevery living creature. It is a valuable asset, for ness.

the hunting instinct is the foundation of all re- Beyond the scientific force discovered in the search work. To the hunting instinct in man we hidden resources of nature, we must find spiritual owe the best that has come to the human race power. Let us undertake the search for spiritual from the material world. resources which are seen on earth among men and Members of the medical profession, who deal women who live close to God. Let nations, as with the individual and measure progress by con- well as individuals, undergo a spiritual rebirth.

THE STORY OF KONDYABAI

To this we must look for the establishment of Some new and vitalizing principal must guide peace and prosperity upon earth. the nations through the perilous meshes of inter- national relationships. A world movement must There is a better way of dealing with interna- sensitize the hearts of men so that they will turn tional differences and depression than through to spiritual power to set things right over the courts of arbitration, valuable as they are; that habitable globe. better way is through a world-wide spiritual revival which will set to work in the hearts of men Let us search for young men in our universities a zeal which cannot rest until Jesus Christ is a who are magnificently endowed with this primiliving and life-giving reality to every man. The tive hunting instinct-this instinct for research. teachings of Christ are the only possible basis for They must be men of courageous and positive perthe era of reconstruction so desperately needed. sonalities, valiant moral warriors for the Cause of Christ, who will fight a great fight for the The realization of universal peace and prosper- Kingdom of God and His righteousness upon ity can only come as the fruit of patient devotion earth. to the propagation of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. A new dispensation in the history of the world A new era must come through the enlightened must come through men's awakening to the real- conscience of the civilized world, and through the ization that there is no remedy for the present heroic element in man, desiring the spiritual world sickness except by a great spiritual re- awakening of all peoples of whatever color or generation. Our times require the adoption of clime. Then a rational growth will begin which the Golden Rule, with a large outlook which in- will make more beautiful all human life. Let us cludes all nations of the earth. carry the Gospel of Christ to the ends of the earth, beginning with our own nation. Let Amer- During the present century the world has come ica undertake the culture of her own soul, at the to regard commercial rivalry as a necessity; a same time that she is sending her representatives domination in trade is considered a matter of to people of less fortunate lands. Every step that paramount importance. But today no such nar- leads toward that culture leads to the establishrow materialistic outlook will suffice. A more in- ment of prosperity•. telligent and more liberal policy is imperative.

The Story of Kondyabai By Mrs. F. E. G. COWHUD, Yeotmal, Berar, India Free Metbodist Mission of Nortb America T HE first stories we heard about Kondyabai Then the young and desolate mother came to were unsavory. "The Gi~ls' School" at Umbri to help with the She remembers her mother taking her to babies. She was afraid that it would break her the temple and teaching her to worship the hide- caste if she did the menial work for the children ous idols. When she was about ten years of age and it became necessary to send her away. she began to think that idols were of no value and told her mother what she thought. This After she left us she was again thrown with shocked her mother but indicated that Kondya- her own people. The contrast between the heabai's observations were keen, even in childhood. then life of the village and life of the mission compound impressed her very much, and she Kondyabai was married when a mere child, ac- came again and again begging to be taken back. cording to the customs of her caste. She was a She would say, "If you will take me back I will mother at thirteen and soon after was deserted do anything, even if it means to break caste comby her husband. She had to go to the cotton fields pletely and never to see my own people again." to earn enough to keep soul and body together, the prey to all the vileness of a very evil com- Finally we took her back and she became a very munity. She worked for a Mohammedan who useful woman with the babies. She was motherly became the father of several of her children. and seemed worth saving. When this man died his wife sent Kondyabai and her children away, so that she was again thrown A Bible woman was sent every day to teach her on evil times. the stories of the Bible. She used to come nearly every night to the bungalow and told me many things about her village. There is nothing more

shocking in "Mother India" than the things which decided that she was praying. For the first time she described in her village and which the people she had gotten a sense of the exceeding sinfulthought only the ordinary way to live. ness of sin and her life seemed a long vista of horror. Once her prayer ran like this, "As I take During these evening visits Kondyabai and I my soiled sari (garment) to the river and wash often prayed together and she professed to be it clean, so 0 Lord wash and make me clean." converted and was baptized. At last peace came to her troubled soul and she slept like a tired babe. Her face seemed to take Some time after this a spirit of prayer came on a new glow of purity. among the little girls in the school and they prayed every evening from five o'clock until their Today Kondyabai is a blessed woman; she tesevening meal. They prayed for everybody-the tifies at every opportunity, and has been an inpreachers, Bible women, teachers, scholars, mis- spiration to many missionaries. It is a beautiful sionaries on the field, missionaries in the home- sight to see her gather the little children about land, the girls, and especially for Kondyabai. her for evening prayers. She is full of love and When the big girls caught this spirit of prayer, draws the children like a magnet. they prayed so long that we could hardly get them to bed at night. Last year she visited her village and was able to bear testimony to her own people who listened One night we heard a loud screaming and with greatest interest to her story of the saving thought it was jackals. Then we recognized a grace of Christ. At the camp meeting recently woman's voice and thought the crazy son of our held in the district three of her caste people were old sweeper woman must be beating her. Later baptized. we discovered it was our own Kondyabai, who was crying out in great distress, like the wailing Pray that hundreds of heathen women like of a lost soul. At first we thought her insane Kondyabai may be saved, and lifted to lives of but as we listened to moanings and groanings we purity.

• South America-An Analogy* TWO children, anxious to decorate for Christ- gaily to the edge of the precipice, and, with the mas Eve, climbed the mountain of Montser- money in her hands, toppled over into the chasm rat, caroling as they went, searching for of insolvency. There should have been more suitable greenery. They came to a precipice hid- margin. den by gorgeous overhanging verdure. Thinking only of the magic of the Christmas celebration, II. It is so in politics. Latin America dreams they began to accumulate mosses and trailing of an ideal government which shall be a panacea vin,es. The enthusiasm of youth dulled all sense for all ills. She is convinced that when the right of danger. One held the other's hand while she officials get into power all will be well. Unavailreached for a lovely flower, but she .suddenly ingly has she clutched at the cactus of dictatorslipped and dragged her companion into a deep ships and the lush growth of socialistic democchasm. The papers told of a tragedy while in racy, only to find herself slipping, slipping. pursuit of a purpose; deceptive environment; confident but misguided youth. III. In matters of religion, Latin America is clinging to frail but alluring environment, and Graphically, pathetically, does not this illus- missing the Tree of Life, rooted in the Rock of trate what is happening on a large scale in Latin Ages. Processions and pictures, images and in- America; fine sentiments ending in catastrophe; cense attract her, but can never give a solid foungood intentions led astray by inexperience; un- dation for morals, education and the home. They justified optimism terminating in a crash; a ma- cannot bear the weight of a continent's need. terialistic search leading to death; a land of promise full of disillusion. Had we known it in time how gladly would we have snatched these children from the edge of the 1. This delusion has been, for example, in the abyss. What we would have done for them let matter of loans. Finding the United States able us do for the people of South America. We can and willing to lend money, Latin America walked only do it by giving them reality in place of a delusion; Jesus Christ and His Gospel in place • Adapted frolll a contribution to The Bible Today, New York. of false standards and hopes.

Situation in Latin America*

By SAMUEL GUY INMAN, New York I~ Author of "Trailing the Conquistodores," etc., etc. I I -~ I~==========================~ TATIN American countries are conscious that thing to carry out the spirit of this prayer?" The L they are adrift and they do not know where audience was tremendously affected. She slipped they are going. The leadership acknowl- away while the crowd was standing spellbound edged a few years ago is often displaced or re- with her eloquence. But her identity was learned, tains its position only through oppressive and and the socialist party decided to discipline her militaristic measures. The old assurances of the for speaking in an anti-democratic meeting and economic interpretation of history, the "out-of- without permission of the party.

dateness" of religion, the power of political de- The well-known Argentine writer, Dr. Ricardo mocracy, the struggle for industrialism, are wab- Rojas, author of "The Invisible Christ," says that bling, if not disappearing. Argentina has so many int~rnal problems that Take Argentina for example-until the revolu- she is overwhelmed with them.

tion of 1931 which unseated President Irigoyen Brazil has held together longer than any simi- she had not had a revolution for forty years. She larly extended tropical territory in all history.

had adopted the secret ballot, had committed- her- Many feel that the recent revolution of Sao Paulo self to the capitalistic order, with more foreign represents a deep division between the various commerce and more railroads than any other sections of Brazil and that with great difficulty Latin American country, with a continued flow will these sections be held together. The nation of European emigrants, with a standardized pro- is facing most critical conditions and must have, gram of public education, modernized indiffer- if it is not to go to pieces, not only wise political ence toward religion, with the politicians run- and economic guidance, but vital faith in funda- ning the government and the rest of the country mental, spiritual values. Dynamic religious faith indifferent so long as they were allowed to pur- is needed if Brazil is to move forward unitedly sue their own objects. into a new order. Her enormous territory, much Today all is different. The present govern- of which is uninhabited except by Indians, her ment of the conservative party is in an anomalous large percentage of illiterate people, her divisions position. The Uriburu dictatorship was so un- into northern, central and southern sections, all popular that he was compelled to call new elec- make her present problems tremendously appeal- tions. The radicals were not allowed to nominate ing to her friends. This is a time when the Chris- a candidate so that the conservative candidate, tian forces should exert themselves to help Brazil.

Senor Justo, became President without the other Chile presents likewise an intensely difficult party voting. Now he is turning iIi every direc- situation. A little oligarchy of some hundred tion to secure from the Church, various conserv- families ruled Chile during the first century of ative groups and certain foreign interests, the its independence and it was only in 1920 that the needed backing. Freedom of speech is severely lower classes and the few people who had begun limited. to form a middle class, were able to give expres- Recently a reactionary group was holding an sions to their demands for reform. They elected enormous meeting in front of the capitol to pro- a reform leader, President Arturo Alessandri.

test against "communism." A suggestion was Chile literally seethed with new social thoughts, made for a movement against the Jews and it but Alessandri's reforms were too rapid and he seemed that the mob would take it up. A mem- was sent into exile. General Ibanez as President ber of the socialist party, Madame Gucovsky, a combined with American capitalists to turn over prominent social worker, asked to speak but did the greatest riches of Chile, the nitrate beds, to not reveal her identity. She began to appeal to a semi-government corporation dominated by for- the crowd by quoting the Lord's Prayer and com- eigners. Radical and communistic forces, even menting on each one of its phrases. "You are among public school-teachers, had been growing Christians," she said, "You are proud of your rapidly. Ibanez was overthrown; chaotic condi- Church. Would it not be the most Christian tions followed' such as Chile has not witnessed • Abbreviated from the Secretary's annual report to the Commit- since the immediate days following her independtee on Cooperation in Latin America. ence from Spain. President Alessandri has again [201 ]

been called to govern. He faces the most difficult primary schools which might receive help from kind of task. It would seem that only by a rapid a religious organization.

socialization program can he stay in power and Some of the early revolutionary leaders have stave off the threatening period of bloodshed and themselves become immense landholders. The chaos. generals seem to have a new lease on life and Peru is an equally critical situation. Many power. Communism, without any fundamental thought that President Leguia, in spending vast understanding of its significance and scientific sums on modernization, was saving his country; planning for its acceptance, is threatening. The but now is a good time for the glorifiers of dic- future for Mexico is less clear, the road is more tatorships and loans to visit Peru. The splendid obscure, than it has been since Madero began his new system of pavements, waterworks and roads, uprisings against Diaz in 1910. Here again the the beautifying of the city, magnificent public Christian forces seem to be on the defensive. The and private buildings recently erected, all are in spiritual idealism resident in a fine group of process of decay. Another dictator has come. young men a decade ago has largely disappeared. The members of the radical party "Apra" are in No doubt much of the old ideology is still present prison or in exile and the government is pushing in the people but as far as the leadership is cona quarral with Colombia, hoping to find public cerned it is difficult to find.

support on this account. The reactionary ele- Disorganized Student Life ments, consisting of· the military, the Church and the landed interests, are endeavoring to hold Peru Higher education in many of these countries is in the old ways. almost as completely disorganized as is political life. In 1918 the students at the University of In Cuba the situation seems dark. Economical- Cordoba, Argentina, called a strike, a protest ly the country has given herself over completely against the old and reactionary methods in the to the capitalistic system with one crop her only university and their close dependence on political guarantee of prosperity, foreign bankers and in- life. Thus was initiated a movement known as vestments controlling her material life. Presi- the University Reform, which spread over Latin dent Machado and his enemies are engaged in a America. This reform, calling for the modernreign of terror. Political assassinations are fre- ization of the curriculum, the participation of quent; numerous scientific and literary organiza- students in the election of the faculty as well as tions are closely watched by spies. The university other fundamental changes, has thrown the stuand the secondary schools of the country are dents into leadership against reactionary governclosed. The whole of Cuban life, national and ments. These governments have in turn closed international, economic and educational, must be the universities time after time. reorganized. The Platt Amendment, granting the United States the right to intervene in Cuba when In Cuba the university has been closed almost conditions seem to demand it, makes it necessary continually from 1927 up to the present. The for the United States either to take cognizance students and progressive members of the faculty of the present reign of terror or to supplant the have banded together against President Machado; Platt Amendment with a treaty which will put many have been killed and press despatches tell the responsibility of government and develop- of new arrests both of students and professors. ment, economic as well as spiritual, on the Cuban Even the public high schools have been closed people themselves. because the government claims that they also are centers of revolt.

Mexico, in 1917, adopted a socialized constitu- In Peru, the ancient University of San Marcos, tion which has been largely copied by other coun- Lima, has hardly had a continuous session for the tries like that of Spain. But has the idealism last ten years. After the fall of President Leguia of ten years ago been able to survive? As far a new rector, Dr. Jose Encinas, was installed and as the government is concerned this is question- began to modernize the institution, but he found able, with the exception of the rural educational himself in opposition to President Sanchez Cerro program. Much has been done in giving the and today the university is completely disorgan- Mexican people a new social attitude toward life. ized.

Peonage has been eliminated. The program for In Chile during the last three years students the distribution of land, however, has practically have often abandoned the classroom to do battle ceased. It was thought that the bitter struggle in favor of what they considered a reform move- between the State and the Roman Catholic Church ment. In July, 1931, they organized a movement was settled in 1928 but it has recently been re- which resulted in the overthrow of Ibanez and opened. Radical laws have been passed limiting have had active participation in the various severely the number of clergy in various states changes of government. It was reported that the and the Federal District, as well as prohibiting university had ceased to be a center of culture

THE SITUATION IN LATIN AMERICA

and had become a center of radical agitators. money, munitions and military mISSIOns, these The teaching force in the primary schools of latter often explaining the confidence of an ex- Chile is honeycombed with communism. The alted nationalism and its refusal to accept peace- average salary of these teachers is three hundred ful means, such as were used formerly, to settle pesos (about ten dollars) per month. A few these questions.

weeks ago the press reported a strike of teachers. The boundary question between Bolivia and In Venezuela the dictatorial regime of General Paraguay has existed for a century but became Gomez is continually in conflict with the univer- acute when petroleum concessions and coloniza- sity students and faculty. tion privileges were granted by Bolivia to foreign In Mexico the students have held the university interests. Large sums were then spent in England buildings against the attacks of the police and and the United States for bombing planes and firemen on several occasions and during the last other war material and General Hans Kundt of three years, since the university has secured its the German army was engaged to modernize the independence from the National Government, war machine in Bolivia. The country rose up there has been almost continuous strife. against the dictator Siles in 1930 and he and Gen- In Colombia, hundreds of schools have been eral Kundt had to flee. But the military elements closed because of financial difficulties; the same were well intrenched, and were soon again in the thing is true of other lands. Everywhere through- saddle. An undeclared war was launched in the out Latin America the educational situation is Chaco in the summer of 1932 and at the close of critical and in some of the countries it is more the year the German general was recalled to head chaotic than it has been for a quarter of a a drive to the Paraguay River. The resolutions century. passed by small groups of missionaries and South This is not to say that there is not much good American Christians against the war seem piti- educational work going on in these lands. The ably ineffective in face of the munitions furnished rural schools of Mexico, the new organization of by America and Europe.

education in Rio de Janeiro under a group of de- In the same way in Peru and Colombia, two voted, modern-trained educators, the new Dalton other countries where American missions main- schools in Chile and Paraguay, the remarkable tain schools, hospitals and evangelical work, cer- development of the University of Concepcion tain American business interests are backing the (Chile), the new spirit shown in the universities winner, whichever it may be, in the war openly of Buenos Aires and of Montevideo, the "Gim- being prepared. Colombia has recently fitted up nasio Moderno" of Bogota, the "Children's Re- a merchant ship as a war vessel and has dis- publics" of Colombia, and many other educational patched it with 800 men to the Amazon River.

developments recently appearing show the vital- Peru is counting on her aviation force, organized ity of education in spite of difficult economic and by an American naval mission, augmented by as political conditions. much new air equipment and other war machin- The Clash of International Wars eryas she can buy. The ownership of Leticia was settled by arbi- The last international war in South America tration in a treaty signed by both Colombia and was the one between Chile, Peru and Bolivia in Peru in 1922. But on September 1, 1932, this 1879-81. The only one before that, barring those sleepy little tropical Colombian village, located in connected with the liquidation of the revolts a triangle made by the forks of the Putumayo against Spain, was the war against Paraguay and Marafion Rivers in the jungles where they waged by Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay from unite to form the Amazon, was attacked by a small 1865 to 1870. Today, the whole continent is group of Peruvians. The Peruvian government, threatened because of the undeclared war be- instead of apologizing and withdrawing these tween Paraguay and Bolivia over the Chaco, and self-appointed conquerors, begins to raise funds the mobilization of the forces of Peru and Colom- to purchase fifteen bombing planes-just as Co- bia over the Leticia incident. This is another lombia raises an internal loan of $10,000,000 to proof of the chaotic moral life which has over- purchase other planes and ships.

taken the continent. South America lacks the The Ibero American Federation of Students, in idealistic drive it had when Argentina and Chile condemning these war-like preparations, says: settled their boundary dispute in 1904 and erected the "Christ of the Andes" to commemorate it. Most of the Latin American countries, those with Since the beginning of this century practically vast territories and sparse populations, often unculeveryone of these countries has settled by arbi- tured, and of debatable social efficiency, are far from tration disputes with its neighbors. having the necessity of defending their soil because their principle problem is to conquer the physical en- From the very nations from which mission- vironment, make it habitable, and incorporate it in aries go to these countries, there have come also the economy ·of the civilized groups. A conflict of

boundaries for the possession of a small piece of equa- Many other examples might ue given to show torial forests between peoples like ours that have grave problems to solve in the organization of their that below the surface, too often controlled by recivic life, the education of the mestizos and Indians, actionary elements, are stirring strong thoughts the development of industry, etc., is a crime without and emotions, that must sooner or later emerge.

.i ustification. Here for example is a young Chilean, a gradu- ate of the Chilean National University and of the We should not forget, however, to study the University of Paris. His is one of the best known situations that lie behind such conflicts. A British families in this country. While a student in Paris engineer of long residence in South America has he was called upon to write a thesis on some asrecently declared: pect of religious psychology. He bought a Bible to get first-hand information about religion. The The greatest hindrance in the real advance of South Bible made a profound impression upon him. He America in public morality, lies in the facility with looked up some of the leaders of the French Protwhich a very flood of money has been thrown at the estant Church and later in Rome he sought out governments of these republics from London and New the Waldensians and regularly attended their York. Steady retrogression in public morality is church. He was converteed and is now back in at times in evidence. Men of the austere type of Chile and eager to interpret Christianity to his Sarmiento, Avellaneda, or Mitre no longer hold the people. He has translated Monod's book on Protreins of power. estantism into the Spanish and is having it pub- lished at his own expense. Here is a proof of the Fortunately there are indications of a growing reality of the change experienced by this choice revolt against the old order and a determination representative of the best of Chile's life. He has to sacrifice comforts and position for a new day. felt the impulse to serve, so he has gathered Men are hunting for a new basis of life. They around him a group of young men for the purpose are asking what is life, what is the patria, who is of visiting the charity hospitals to carry comfort God, what are one's relationships to the Infinite? and cheer to the lonely sick. He calls this group: The subjects of public lectures, the articles in the Los compaile1'os de Emaus-"The Comrades of press and the books all reveal this. Emmaus."

Senor Carlos Keller, in a most interesting book, Need for Evangelism "La Eterna Crisis Chilena," says: The present economic crisis and the commu- We have given absolute preponderance to the de- nism of Russia are affecting Latin America to a velopment of the intellectual faculties, depreciating considerable extent. We have seen communist disthe sentimental one. Practical religion has been ex- turbances in Mexico, Central America, Colombia, cluded from our government education, what have we Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Chile; and even Uruguay substituted for it-journalism, the literature of strug- and Argentina are not free from this great dangle, high-sounding phrases without sentiment. The ger. Let us not forget these two important absence of religious feeling in our middle and superior factors: classes is symptomatic of the artificiality of our development during the last century. The Roman Catholic Church seems to have lost its leadership in the Latin American countries. Brazil has had her problems mercilessly ana- Natives with Indian blood, either pure or mixed, lyzed by the recent appearance of a two-volume constitute the majority in Latin America. The work, "0 Brazil Nadio," by the distinguished stu- Inca empire was a communist regime, and the dent, M. Bomfin, which discussed the realities of Aztec and Mayan empires were semi-communist. Brazilian sovereignty. Scarcely has any nation The Jesuit empire of Paraguay was also based on had such a challenge presented to overcome the communistic ideals. And the Indians today are weaknesses that are eating at its vitals. more restless and more receptive than ever. The work of the governments of Mexico, Central The brilliant young student, Luis Enrique America, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Chile is Osorio, leader of the "Unionist Alliance" move- awakening them. ment in Colombia, has written in "Los Destinos del Tropico" a study of the future of the peoples To these two factors we ought to add the direct of tropical America, that faces squarely funda- influence of Russia, exerted by the sending of mental issues. emissaries or money to promote communism. The pure Iberian type, and even the Indian of the In Argentina Ricardo Roj as in "EI Radicalismo middle class, abhors communism; but these are de Manana," Arturo Capdevila in "America," the minority. Alfredo Colmo in a new study on revolutions about to appear, are facing their people with We may, however, feel encouraged because fundamental issues. Young Cubans, like Jorge the communism of Latin America, when native Manach in his "Indagaci6n del Choteo," are laying and not imported, is not antagonistic to religion. bare the reason why their country does not spiritually progress.

1!l33] THE SITUATION IN LATIN AMERICA

The Aztec communist, and the Inca communist, went to South America. He was born in Eng- and the Paraguayan Jesuit communist, were re- land in 1863 in a poor but Christian family. In ligious. Haya de la Torre, the radical leader in 1872 the family emigrated to South America, liv- Peru, was early won to Russian communism but ing first in Paraguay, and next in Argentina. At afterwards repudiated communism because of its sixteen years of age, William went to Buenos lack of idealism and religion. Jose Carlos Maria- Aires where he was employed by an importing tegui, who before his death was the greatest ex- firm. There he was impressed with the moral ponent of communism in Latin America, stated and material misery of hundreds of poor fami- very plainly that religion has a place in the hu- lies, which aroused his desire to serve them. He man life as ~Teat as that of truth or beauty. organized in 1898 the system of schools with Protestant Christians should take advantage which was connected a wide philanthropic agency of the present crisis by carrying out a great to help poor children. From an attendance of continental campaign of spiritual appeal, em- 126 the schools grew to number between six and bracing: First, the Protestant constituency, seven thousand. The Argentine government con- bringing it a greater vision of the present op- tributed directly to these schools and a large portunities; second, the common people; third, circle of distinguished Argentines and foreigners the cultured classes; fourth, the Indians. Devo- not only gave money but time to the development tion, vision and leadership for this are needed. of these remarkable institutions. More than four The services of Dr. George P. Howard are now million dollars was collected during Mr. Morris'

available to all evangelical denominations in life for the schools and charitable aid to the stu- South America. Last year most of his time has dents, that have totaled more than one hundred been given to Buenos Aires and Santiago de thousand.

Chile. In the early months of the year he held Such students of the situation as Dr. John A.

successful series of lectures in Buenos Aires and Mackay believe that good literature must occupy Montevideo; in the spring he transferred his a large, if not the largest, place in reaching the residence to Santiago and began efforts to open general public with the Christian message. Latin the way for his work in Chile. He attended the America needs men like Kagawa of Japan, whose World's Sunday School Convention at Rio de forty-five books explain much of his wide influ- Janeiro and en route held one of the most fruit- ence in his own land and in all parts of the world.

ful series of religious lectures ever presented in Any large Christian movement in Latin Amer- the city of Buenos Aires. One of the large down- ica must be accompanied by the right kind of town halls, with a seating capacity of 800, was books and magazines that will appeal to the mod- rented for a week's lectures. The results were ern youth and adults. Visiting the large well far beyond anyone's expectations. Beginning stocked book shops in Latin American cities, we with an audience of 500 people, the crowd in- find that the books there displayed are, for the creased each evening until on the last evening the most part, "communistic," philosophical and radi- doors had to be closed to prevent overcrowding, cal. This indicates the difference in the thinking over a thousand people being present. These and of the young Latin American today and the youth other experiences have enthused him more than in the United States. The temper of the modern ever for the task in which he is engaged. He world indicates that more than ever books and writes: periodicals cast in the right form offer the great- I am amazed at the rapidity with which events are est opportunity for reaching wide circles of people.

taking place here in South America. We must act The Committee on Cooperation in Latin Amerquickly. This is Latin America's day of white heat. ica is doing its utmost to help the Christian The firm impress of Christ must be laid now on the forces in those countries meet the present need. fluid material of these young commonwealths. The In my recent trip to South America I had opporfrightful chaos in social and political life, the misery tunities to address ministers' associations, coland suffering in economic affairs, are all creating a feeling of nostalgia for something imperishable and lege and seminary faculties, endeavoring to show a willingness to listen to any who claim to have the them the possibilities that lie before them in these way, the truth and the life. And we know that we troublous times. Stimulating Christian literature have them. is also sent to the field; summer conferences are The wide influence of the lives of Christian being held in some countries; regional gatherings workers, even though organization seems to slow were held following the World's Sunday School down, has been emphasized this year through the Convention at Rio de Janeiro; conferences, lec- death of Rev. William Morris, the founder of the tures and retreats are arranged to bring together series of schools known as the Argentine Philan- persons engaged in evangelical work; and local thropic Schools and Institutes. Many believe that evangelical workers are cooperating to extend Mr. Morris was the greatest missionary that ever the Kingdom of God in Latin America.

R. Matt: Missionary to the

By PROF. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE, D.D., I New Haven, Connecticut I r=""- Professor of Missions and Oriental History, Yale University i FORTUNATELY Dr. Mott is still with us, as that have since passed he has sought great things, hard at work and as youthful in outlook as they have not been for himself. He has truly en- ever. We are not here primarily seeking to deavored to "seek first the Kingdom of God." express our appreciation of a great life. Dr. Mott would not wish for praise and the Christian world One of the secrets of Dr. Mott's immense useis so well aware of his usefulness that any verbal fulness has been that he has interpreted that tribute comes near to be- phrase, "the Kingdom of God," in large termsing superfluous. Rather we attempt briefly to out- that he has never been line what can be accom- willing to set any boundplished by one life, dedi- aries to the Kingdom. He cated in youth to the Will has always been eager to of God, daring to attempt have his conceptions of it great things for God, and broadened, desiring only having confidence to ex- that he should not miss pect great things of God. God's leading and that the Kingdom should always be At the urgent request of God's. To this may probthe program committee, at ably be ascribed two of his a quadrennial convention qualities which have been of the Student Volunteer a constant inspiration to Movement some years ago, his friends-his own con- Dr. Mott departed from tinued growth in outlook, his usual reticence about a characteristic w h i c h his own inner history and gives him a perennially gave a great student audi- youthful quality, and his ence the story of the de- unfailing capacity to lift cision which, in his early other men's horizons. student years, altered the current of his life and put Early in his Christian him in the path which has experience Dr. Mott was led step by step through led to give the central the many open doors of place in his life and large opportunity which thought to Jesus Christ. he has since entered. He Ever since then the living Christ has been to him a rea lit y. It is in the had transferred from a .TOH N R. M aTT strength of that convic- small Christian college to tion and that fellowship a large university, hoping in that way to remove that he has dreamed and labored. Many now in himself from strong Christian influences, and middle life can remember, as though it were yes- while a student in this latter institution he heard terday, how in their student days they heard him one of the Studds, that English family which had speak of the meaning of Christ to him and this been so profoundly stirred and changed through kindled in them the longing that the same experi- D. L. Moody, speak from the words "Seekest thou ence might become theirs. The manner in which great things for thyself? Seek them not. . . . .. his life has been lived is in itself an additional Seek ye first the Kingdom of God." The texts evidence-if one were necessary-of the reality struck home. Dr. Mott was led, after much wres- and the power of that Presence in whom Dr. Mott tling of spirit, to make the decisive dedication of so firmly believes. To that quiet confidence can be his life to the service of God. While in the years attributed, at least in part, the unhurried and al- [206 ] most serene manner which is one of his most the colleges and universities of the United States marked characteristics-even when, as so often, and Canada, organizing associations on campuses, he has seemed to be carrying a suffering world on enlisting leaders, and helping producce literature.

his heart, endeavoring to bring it, redeemed and He showed here, as elsewhere, a remarkable fac- purified, through a long night of agony. ulty for recognizing potential ability in youth, en- Dr. Mott came early to feel that among the listing it in the Christian enterprise, and making meanings of the Kingdom of God is the transfor- opportunity for it to develop to the full. For years mation of defeated lives into victorious lives. To he presided at the annual student conferences at the mission of dealing with individual men in pub- Northfield. He conducted many evangelistic cam- lic address, and in private interviews, he has given paigns in the colleges.

many years. He has by no means forgotten this As chairman for more than thirty years of the mission or felt it to be an outgrown phase of his executive committee of the Student Volunteer development, even though in later years he has Movement, he headed that organization and di- found it necessary to devote much of his time to rected and presided at most of its quadrennial organization. He would be the first to say that conventions. These gatherings alone have had an the machinery in which he has necessarily become outstanding effect in quickening interest and en- so much involved is useless unless it contributes listing life in the world-wide mission of the to this remaking, in Christ's image, of broken Church.

men and women. From 1898-when he was in his early thirties- In his undergraduate days, Mr. Mott·was led to to 1915 he was in charge of the foreign work of think in terms of the entire world. He was one the Young Men's Christian Association and has of that hundred who, in 1886, at that first student been largely responsible for the world outreach of conference at Mt. Hermon, dedicated themselves that organization. During these years he made to foreign missions and with whom the Student tours around the world and to many different Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions began. countries, chiefly for the purpose of reaching stu- He has told how his own vision was strengthened dent groups and enlisting them in the Christian and broadened in the early days of the Movement enterprise. To his vision-when he was barely as a group of which he was a member was led, thirty years of age-was largely due the bringing through study, discussion and prayer, to adopt the into existence of the World's Student Christian watchword "The Evangelization of the World in Federation. For a quarter of a century, from this Generation." Noone knowing him can doubt 1895 to 1920, he was its general secretary, and that through the years, whatever others may have from then to 1928 its chairman.

done, he has been true to that watchword. His As he grew older, Dr. Mott's outstanding abili- conception of what is implied by "evangelization" ties inevitably brought him into a still wider range has been enriched, as it must be for all who are of activities. He became chairman of the Con- open to God's guidance. He recently reminded a tinuation Committee of the Edinburgh Mission- student audience at how many more angles the ary Conference and when that was succeeded by missionary enterprise is now touching the world's the International Missionary Council he was life than was the case in his own undergraduate made chairman of the latter body. In the former days. His vision, therefore, has not only remained capacity he toured the world in 1912-1913, helping world-wide, but he has been led to see more and to set up national committees which should make more how many are the phases of the world's life effective the cooperation begun at Edinburgh.

which must be entered and claimed for Christ. These later grew into the National Christian He has a profound conviction, to which he has Councils. He was the organizing genius and the often given voice, that "Christ must be Lord of presiding officer of the Jerusalem meeting of the all or he is not Lord at all." Through it all, how- International Missionary Council. More than ever, it is evangelization-making open channels any other one man, he has been responsible for for the "good news" of Christ-which has been the coordination and cooperation of Protestant his dominant concern. missionary forces the world around.

The major tasks to which, in pursuance of the In 1915 he became the general secretary of the vision of his youth, Dr. Mott has set his hands and International Committee of the Young Men's heart are part of the history of Christianity of Christian Association and held that office past the the last half-century. He early associated him- usual retiring age. In 1926 he was made chair- self with the Young Men's Christian Association, man of the World's Committee of the Young then in the rising tide of its remarkable growth Men's Christian Association. During the World in this country. As head of its student work for War he carried the heavy load of the general sec- nearly a quarter of a century, he contributed more retaryship of the War Work Council of the Young than anyone can measure to the religious life of Men's Christian Association. He it was who was largely responsible for the magnificent service Dr. Mott has taken time to be a student. He is rendered by that body and upon him fell the a prodigious reader and is the author of a dozen major share of the burden of raising the enormous or more volumes. funds required. Now in his late sixties, although some of his The trusted friend of presidents of the United greatest years of achievement may well yet lie States and of statesmen the world around, more ahead, there is need for rising young leaders who than once he has had offers which might have will take up the work that he will lay down. The lured him into the field of politics and diplomacy. call is for men to do for the coming generation However, he has kept resolutely to his purpose something of what he has done and is doing for of working through organized Christianity. Only ours. Even more than ever, the need is for men on two major occasions, the Mexican Commission who will make a dedication of themselves to God of 1916 and the Special Diplomatic Mission to and his Kingdom in their youth, and who view Russia in 1917, has he been drawn even tempo- that Kingdom as one which is world-wide. The rarily into the field of international politics. power of God is not diminished. We hope and pray that in this new generation there will be Throughout his life, crowded as it has been with those who will allow it free course. travel and heavy administrative responsibilities, AMERICAN CHURCH EXPENDITURES FOR SELVES AND OTHERS Gathered from United Stewardship Council Statistics, 1932 A blank was sent to the officials of the communions beneficent work outside of the budget. The statistics are named below and the statistics are from their replies. for the denominational fiscal years. These statistics are from living donors. Interest and legacies are not included. Budget benevolences are those in The column headed "Total Gifts for All Purposes" in the denominational national budget. Denominational be- some cases contains gifts from living donors which were nevolences include budget benevolences and such other con- given either from nonbudget denominational benevolences tributions as are made 'for denominational missionary and or for non- and interdenominational benevolences, and there is no method of dividing them.

PER Ol~PIT'A GIFTS 'l'OTAL GIFTS – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ——–c–.——————- Membership COllUlluniun I Congre- Budget Denomina- Cungre- in United Benevo· tional gational All Purposes States and gational All Purposes Oanada – ) – – – – Expenses lences Benevolences Expenses (18) $12.94 $'2,911 ,823.00 ! $12,20'3,275.00 : $15,115,0'98.0'0' 943,063 (:;) 5.87 (2) 21.04 1,22S,()~2.10 , 1,,,.57 .437 .51 56000 (17) (10) 16.81 24,313,7?4.oo : 28,360,4:18.00' ' (25) 2.BO (24) 6.80 26, 79R, 75,:~.(j:l 1,445:615 (]4) (25) 5.06 32,618,125.56 :;,044,566 1.47 (6) 18.31 855,543.()O i 1 ,:~56,477 .00' (~1l :1.13 (22) 7.1:; 19,195,468.00 I 22,652,901.00 143,425 2.51 11 ,217,168.9:1 14,134,186.16 , 1,0'48,205 U41 (5) 18.66 4,245,640'.00 5,129,171.00 1,572,732 (15 ) 1.1'5 227,472 :~.12 (10) 3.69 (13) ]5.8.'1 3.774,171.27 4,658,574.94 2:;9,611 (2~) 2.48 (D) 4,:381,634.78 5,090,461.84 259,896 16.~6 (23) 1.89 (21) 670',862.00' 837,148.00 87,52:3 7.66 (0) 3.87 (17) 18.42 12,207,358.00 i 15,728,268.00 !J09,307 (13) ~.28 (8) 17.8:; 67,863,940.00 , 82,758,490.00 , 31,616,016.00 :1,915'.755 (19) 2.71 (20) 9.23 24,028,455.00' 2,603,095 (7) 4.61 (14) . 15.55 353,739.22 445,369.83 (11) 16.70- I 18,378 (8) 4.46 3,020,939.00 , 3,909,209.00 180',956 (.5) 5.35, I (3) 20.45 50,426.861.00 1,957,999 39,95O',927.m : 11,063,584.00 468,532 (2) 6'.93 (12) 16.68 i 7,816,420'.00 ' 1,860,90;] (20) 2.68 32,520',350.00' 37,500,000.00 100,198 (6) 4.97 (23) 6.06 4,569,420.00 346 945 (12) ::L~9 3.613,083.00 , 396;687 (18) 2.i2 (1) 22.55 ! 4,812,035.00 , 6,0'41,700.00 615,751 (4) 5.42 4,883,171.00 : 5,525,530.00 1,001,520 (11) 3.:32 (16) 1:3.87 14,326,371.00 178,177 10,735,812.00 i 18,036,646.0'0' 0) 0.24 (19) 11.05 14,702,001.00 i 5,159,950.00 (7) 17.H 3,-«)8,516.00 , (15) 14.6R ;, (4) 19.13 $3.79 $14.56 – – – – – – – – – – – .. ——–.—–.——-'—~——————— Compiled for the United Stewardship CounCil, HARRY S. MYERS, Secretary, 152 Madison Avenue, New York City.

Above is a part of the annual statement pre- obtained from denominations claiming 23,729,604 pared by the United Stewardship Council, show- members within the United States. Probably ing the gifts toward congregational expenses and there are approximately seven million more membenevolences reported by twenty-five Protestant bers in the 190 other Protestant denominations denominations (twenty-two of them in the United listed in North America. States and three in Canada). Judging from the total of membership given in the table, 24,582,311, While the figures are impressive it can be seen and deducting 852,707 as the total of the three by a comparison with the reports for previous Canadian churches, the statement shows figures years that the present financial shortage is being reflected in the treasuries of the churches.

-Facing the Future in Home Missions*

By the REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D.D., New York Executive Secret4ry of the Home Missions Council I T IS much easier to look backward over the We have not yet fully realized the effect upon past, or to review the present than it is to pre- Home Missions, for example, of the passing of the dict the future. This is particularly true in frontier in the early nineties which marked the these changing and uncertain times. Noone can first great change of direction in the "march of see very far, or very clearly today in the thick democracy" in America. Neither have we in any weather through which we are sailing. Visibility adequate wa.y sensed the significance of the rise is exceedingly low. He would be rash, indeed, who and dominance of the great city in America, which would assume to speak with very much certainty is rapidly urbanizing our entire civilization, and about anything today, especially about Home Mis- producing a new type of humanity with which the sions. The old trails over which we have come Church must deal. Nor have we fully appreciated stand out in bold relief, but the highways of the the revolutionary influences of what Prof. Randall future are still largely uncharted. calls the reign of the twin gods of science and the As we lift our eyes to the future of Home Mis- machine, "which, though they have held sway over sions we are confronted with some sobering facts us barely fifty years, have destroyed more that and situations. Several disconcerting clouds hang was old and built up, more than is new, than any across the horizon of the new day-the cloud of invading army in the history of man." Nor have a national and world-wide depression that gives we recovered our equilibrium since the World no sign of lifting in the near future; the cloud of War, which so completely upset our civilization declining incomes and diminishing budgets that and disturbed our religious and ecclesiastical orthreatens to remain for a considerable time; the cloud of an amazing lack of interest on the part ganizations. of the rank and file of our church membership, We cannot wisely plan our Home Missionary which shows but few breaks of penetrating light; and the cloud of a rapidly changing America, program today unless we take into account the which is complicating the task and changing the effect of these great changes that have taken place entire character of the enterprise for all time to in America during the last forty years, and parcome. ticularly within the last twenty-five years. Since the Home Missions Council and the Council of No one can read the report of President Women for Home Missions were organized in Hoover's Commission on "Re,cent Social Trends" 1908 something unprecedented has happened to without being dazed by the kaleidoscopic changes America, and consequently something has haptaking place in America. No part of our national pened to Home Missions. Both the old America and the old Home Missions have gone.

life is being more affected by these "trends" than How Shall We Face the Future? our religious life-no institution is more affected by them than the Church-and no part of church First of all we must face the future; we cannot life is more influenced by them than Home Mis- escape it. We cannot live in the past. We cansions. The President's Commission says, "Of the not rest in the present. The future claims us. great social organizations, two, the economic and We must face it with a calm and resolute deterthe governmental, are growing at a rapid rate, mination to carryon. while two other historic organizations, the Church and the family, have declined in social signifi- The greatest peril to Home Missions today is cance, although not in human, values." It is un- the temptation to surrender to the "depression" doubtedly true that the Church has been the slow- -to withdraw within our tents and wait for the est of all our institutions to sense the changes of clouds to roll by. Our dangers are lack of courrecent years, and the tardiest to adjust itself to age, loss of morale, failure of faith and counseling the new situations. with fears. While the times are hard and distress very real, there is a good deal of scare about the whole situation. We need to read history and * An address at the Fe!Iowship Dinner on the occasion of the recall "the years of the right hand of the Most Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions. High."

[209 ]

This i:,; no time for letting up in our work. praisal conferences having for their purpose the This is the time for a real advance. When Gen- re-evaluation of Home Missions. Since the Wash- eral Joffre found the situation going against him ington Congress about fifty follow-up conferences at the Marne he said, "My left is shattered, my have been held in different parts of the country right is wavering-let the center advance." The to discuss the new day for Home Missions.

only way out of the present disturbing situation is Last year our study book, "The Challenge of ahead. We cannot afford to wait for the depres- Change," carried to thousands of mission groups sion to lift; it may remain for some time. We in the churches over the land the message of the cannot afford to wait for the income of boards to Washington Home Missions Congress.

increase, we may need to get accustomed to Through surveys and special studies made we smaller budgets. We cannot afford to wait for a have gathered more than one five-foot shelf of more convenient season, or a more advantageous valuable data on Home Missions, which has en- position, the center must advance without delay. abled us to determine our objectives and get our Theodore Roosevelt is quoted as saying, "Nine- new directions in Home Missions.

tenths of wisdom is being wise in time; and if a Lay Out Our Program of Advance country lets the time for wise action pass it may bitterly repent when, a generation later, it strives This program will be reported to the two Coununder disheartening difficulties to do what could cils in January, 1934, by the Five Year Program have been done easily if attempted at the right Committee. The advance recommended will be moment." neither to the right nor left, but straight ahead.

This is the time for a forward movement in It is not a new direction we need now in Home Missions, both home and foreign. We must ad- Missions, it is a new emphasis. We have already vance now, and from where we are. We are prone turned the corner. We need now to speed up the to be like the Kentucky mountaineer of whom processes already started. Weare headed right; President Hutchins of Berea College tells, who was let us quicken our pace.

asked by a traveler the way to Cincinnati. After Mission Boards have been in process of read- making several attempts to direct him how to get justment for some time. Our cooperative proc- out of the hills to the main highway the moun- esses began twenty-five years ago, when these two taineer said, "Well, str:anger to be squar' with Councils were organized. The leaders of that day you, if ye want to git to Cincinnati, ye'd better not "discerned the signs of the times" and began to start from here." work together.

Preliminary Steps for an Advance We are not now contemplating anything spec- tacular or extravagant. Any advance movement In any advance movement there are certain should be simple, practical, inexpensive and un- things to be done. ostentatious.

First, we must determine our objectives and get In conclusion, we ought to go into this uncer- our directions. This has largely been accom- tain, but intriguing future with new slogans, with plished. We have been "re-thinking" Home Mis- new appeals, and with a new unity. Let us say sions for five years. Three years before the Lay- less about budgets and quotas and reports, and men's Commission began its study of Foreign more about needs and service and Kingdom inter- Missions, the Five Year Program of Survey and ests. Let us say less about hardships and more Adjustment of the Home Missions Councils had about the claims of Christ and the opportunities.

been under way. Let us say less about denominations and more Surveys have been made of twenty-five states about our common responsibility for the saving in whole or in part. A number of special project of America. The great days of Home Missions surveys and intensive studies have been made. are not all in the past.

Four large national conferences have been held- There are great days for Home Missions pos- the Cleveland Comity Conference, 1928-the De- sible in the next twenty-five years. But we must troit City Conference, 1929 – the Washington make them. My one appeal is that in spite of Home Missions Congress, 1930-and the recent declining incomes and reduced budgets, in spite Chicago Conference on the City and the Church in of the clouds that hover over us, in the name of the Present Crisis, 1932. All of these were ap- Christ and America let us go forward.

To have courage without pugnacity; to have conviction without bigotry; to have charity without condescension; to have faith without credulity; to have love of humanity without mere sentimentality; to have meekness with power and emotion with sanity-that is Christianity.-Charles Evans Hughes.

Out a Demon in

The Story of Some Results of Student Evangelism* I Told by DR. GEORGE S. McCUNE _·otEf President of Union Christian College Pyengyang, Korea H ~, CAME in howling like a wild maniac. have thought that old sinner would repent and They say I'm crazy!" he cried. "Be still! live again with his wife?" Let me alone! I will tell you . . ." and a They never saw it on this fashion before, and volley of incoherent verbiage burst into the quiet the fame went abroad. Every night nine hun- dred gathered to hear the Word, and over three morning precincts of prayer. hundred became Christians.

A hundred faces in the dim light of dawn sud- If the Gospel word is sharp enough to cut asunder the base instincts of the soul from the denly turned toward the great door of the court- Godward yearnings of the spirit, as it had for Mr. Kim, can it not pierce to the hidden depths yard. of the human mind and relieve a demon pos- sessed man? Something like this must have been "The demon possessed man," they whispered the reasoning of these simple-hearted villagers. For the afflicted man's family hope burst as a and instinctively shrank away. ' springtime blade from the ashen years of help- less resignation. . Th~ unfortunate victim's family were leading And so on the calm of the morning air break hIm m for prayer, and the worshippers would the cries of this wild maniac: have fled had not this wretched figure become a' "Don't strike me! Keep away!" His relatives held him firmly and led him to the fampiar one to them through the years. student in charge. It was a prayer meeting, and here was a subject for prayer forcibly and bodily SIxteen years before this the village of Pyuk- presented, albeit an unusual one. Alone the stu- dent would never have included such a point in dong had heard a group of college boys from his outline notes. He inwardly trembled. But the Holy Spirit sometimes takes charge of church Pyenl?yang preach the Gospel, and then had sunk meetings, and God often thrusts strange words into yielded mouths. back mto the age-old darkness apparently to drag The boy preacher prayed simply, definitely, earnestly to the Lord Christ who is the same yeson the weary days as before. But now another terday, today, and forever-to the sympathizing Jesus, on whose lips it seems natural to hear the Gospel Team from Pyengyang Union Christian word of authority, "Be thou made whole." Again to the evening service came the pos- College had come; and the power of the Holy sessed man, and together the boys continued in prayer all through the night. Spirit was coming upon them. When it came time to close the meetings and go on to the next village, the afflicted man with For months, almost from the beginning of the his relatives followed after them. The disciples of old, in their annoyance, petulantly murmured, fall term, .thir~y or forty of the college boys had "Send her away"; but these students saw in the case the leadi~g of God. They asked the Chrisbe:n meetmg m fo~r groups, praying for special tians in the village to unite with them in interces- sion .and spent in turn a good part of the night gUIdance and blessmg. At the close of the spring praymg.

term eighteen of them were led to form three evangelistic teams, six students in each group.

~fter praying they decided they must go out dur- mg the summer vacation and preach nothing other than Jesus Christ and Him crucified.

One of these teams came to the village of Pyuk- dong, where they could not find a single Chris- tian, although some confessed to having heard the Jesus doctrine preached some sixteen years be- fore. A man of the village offered them a board- ing place and cleared an open space for their meetings. They preached in the power of the Holy Spirit and a well-to-do man, consorting with two concubines, was convicted of sin, gave the two "small wives" a .good.living, sent them away, and made a home wIth hIS own wife.

sai"dT. his"TJheseures'sdoMctrr.inKe iisma-wsthrayn,gewhtoheinv~gr" people would P('~~~2)Ol'tP(1 for The /Io,'ca, Mission Fidd, by ViC'tOJ' 'Vellington [ 211 ]

While they were praying an old woman was evening meetings at the Union Christian College convicted of sin. She had all her lifetime been Auditorium. The main floor is filled every morn- in bondage to the fear of evil spirits, but now she ing at five-thirty for prayer. Thirty millions souls met a Loving One who could break every fetter in Manchuria need to be saved for Christ and our and set the sinner free; she heard His word, boys are preparing for that conquest. Some Ko- "This is life eternal, that they should know thee, rean students already speak Chinese fluently and the only true God." She went home and gathered they will make excellent missionaries in the next all the family together, seventeen of them. Evi- few years. Some of the students of our College dently, as in the days of the apostles, she "and and Academy, 'of the Theological Seminary, the all her household" believed unto salvation, for Soong In and the Girls' Academy, gave their pen- they collected all their articles of sacrifice and the nies, dimes and dollars. Some are living on two objects connected with spirit worship and brought meals a day; others are wearing patched clothes; them out to burn. some saved money by not going home for vaca- Thus God manifested His favor in one village tion, and others earned money by hard labor, to by redeeming an old polygamist and in the next send a Korean missionary to Manchuria.

by revealing to a whole family that He alone is God. The man bound by Satan was not yet re- A LUCKNOW GOSPEL TEAM stored, though he seemed to be getting better.

Apparently God was drawing faith out to a great- This team grew out of the Student Christian er victory. Association Camp. Each year an initiation cere- mony takes place in which the pledge of member- The next place the evangelistic team entered ship is taken by new and renewed by old memwas a large market town. It was a strategic point bers. It is expected that they abide by certain for a Gospel victory, and the students were im- principles and put into practice the team's motto, pressed with the greatness of the opportunity. which is: To this place also followed the afflicted man. God seemed to be waiting for the best time to answer. Service on the basis of friendship with God, friend- God's silences are as purposeful as His clearest ship with Team members, and friendship with other words. people. The ideals are to keep clean and pure in word, action, thought, body and heart. Through the long night hours they pleaded that the power of Almighty God might be manifested The pledge of the membership runs as follows: and that He might receive all the glory. God answered, "I have both glorified my name and Trusting in God to help me, I promise to abide by will glorify it again"; for had He not saved a the principles ·of the Gospel Team, and sincerely enhopeless polygamist in the first village and in the deavor to put into practice its ideals throughout my second delivered a family from a host of demonic life. Nothing that I do will be done with a view spirits and gathered many people to His name? solely to please people. I will strive to the best of my ability to keep clean in thought, word and deed; About three in the morning they felt led to call to maintain brotherly love; to treat all women and to the demon possessed man: "In the name of girls with respect and honor; and to willingly accept Jesus of Nazareth we command you to leave this punishment for any breach 'of the Gospel Team rules.

man." This year the team has decided upon the follow- That Name has lost none of its ancient power ing forms of service: on prayerful lips; instantly the demon left and 1. Meditation and sharing of experience. the man was fully restored. The power of Jesus 2. Village uplift or rural reconstruction. Telling the was talked about through all that district and people the primary principles in sanitation, and first where only thirty or forty Christians had met be- aid in common accidents. Educating men and chilfore, now twelve hundred crowded in every night dren. to hear the new and living Way expounded. A 3. Social Service. Visiting the sick in hospitals, church of eight hundred is now worshipping in and wherever required. Helping in burials.

this market center every Sunday. 4. Neighborhood Service. Night school. House vis- Student Work for Manchuria itation. Holding Sunday schools and services for servants.

The Christian young men of Korea are inter- 5. Religious Service. Preaching the Gospel in moested in extending Christ's Kingdom and fifteen hallas, villages and slums among Christians and nonhundred men have come in from all parts of Christians. Bazaar and mela preaching. Giving full Pyengyang province to study the Bible. About assistance and cooperation with prayer and active two-thirds of those enrolled are under thirty service, and making definite contribution in all reliyears of age. It is proving to be a council of war gious and social camps, conferences, institutes, conto wrest from Satan's grip a million souls for ventions and evangelistic and revival meetings. Help- ing the various churches in the city and outside the God's Kingdom. Four to six thousand attend the city, whereVer help is necessary.-Indian. Witness.

A Continental View of the Laymen's

Report By the REV. JULIUS RICHTER, D.D., Berlin, Germany I N MY view, the second and third part of "Re- Church and mIssIOnaries are attempting to ac- Thinking Missions," with the review of the complish. We, in Europe, hoped that after Lau- situation and the problems of selected mis- sanne and Jerusalem and Herrnhut there was a sionary agencies, are by far most valuable but no common conviction on the content of the Chris- attempt is made to give a comprehensive view of tian message but the Report calls every such state- the missionary situation in any of the countries ment in doubt. If, in spite of the deficiencies of visited. It seems to me im- the dogmatical statement, at- possible to evaluate the rela- tention is concentrated on the tive importance of these agen- This paper by Dr. Julius Christian "way of life" that, cies in the different countries Richter, the well-known au- by the overwhelming majority without such a background. thority on continental missions of friends of missions will be The presentation lacks per- and the author of "Missions in regarded as misleading and spective. Any true appraisal India," "Protestant Missions in unsatisfactory. After reading of the mISSIOns and the the Near East," and other stand- the first and the fourth parts churches in India or China or anredntvaloluEmueros,peshanoswslohookw actontthie- of the Report and vividly pro- Laymen's Appraisal Report, and Japan should keep in mind how it presents itself to a man testing against many of their what has been attempted there who has devoted twenty-seven content, many will not have in former times, what meth- years to writing the history of the patience to peruse careods they have used, and what fully the second and third sec- have been the results. If such the Protestant missions in all tions which contain the most a general critical survey is at- foreign countries. He expresses valuable recommendations. tempted by a group which is great respect for the writers of Again, there is a veil of in- able to carry it through with "Re-Thinking Missions," and definiteness spread over the the broadest outline, the his- gratitude that these fifteen men Report. One almost never and women devoted a year to a tory of the past work should close study of the missionary knows it relates only to the not be left out. From this re- situation in Asia. At the same seven denominations or if the port it is impossible to obtain time he takes a very decided ex- mission boards have any di- a satisfactory view of the mis- ception to their basic ideas and rect relation to the sweeping sionary situation in any of many of their findings. proposals. In many cases it these countries as a whole. is apparent that the Apprais- Any critical remarks can be ers have in view the whole correctly weighed only from this background. Protestant missionary movement, and yet evi- It seems also a pity that the Commissioners dently their information is insufficient. No athave put the whole emphasis of their authority on tempt is made to differentiate American, British the first and the fourth part of the volume con- and Continental missions. As a whole, the Re- taining their philosophy of the missionary move- port seems to have in view the average type of ment from the standpoint of enlightened human- American missions, but what type that is in their ism. We appreciate with what candor and eyes one can only surmise. impressiveness Professor Hocking is arguing Many of the practical proposals of the Report against a shallow secul::trism; these chapters should be read not as an attack against a positive are in line with the plans of the International Mis- sion Council and of the commissions sent out in Biblical and historical conception of the Christian connection with the Council, as, for example, the faith, but as an attempt to render the foreign Burton CommIssion to China, the Lindsay Com- missionary movement acceptable to many Ameri- mission or Christian Higher Education in India, cans, who have lost any conception of what the the Commission on Christian Education in Japan.

[213 ]

In almost every case they go beyond what these Would a central recruiting office, perhaps in concommissions and the International Missionary nection with the American office of the Interna- Council think attainable under present circum- tional Missionary Council be commendable? stances. This surplus calls for comment. A council on rural community work, drawing Cooperation of the Protestant missionary forces upon the united strength both of the mission and is the watchword of all missionary conferences of the Church in each country, might become an since Edinburgh. But it is extremely doubtful if intelligent and far-seeing agency for planning acan all powerful ministry with autocratic authority tivities, for selecting and training the personnel to direct foreign missions, is possible either for and for making the necessary financial arrangethe whole Protestantism or separately for North ments, yet what unheard of unification and con- America, Great Britain, and Continental Europe. centration of foreign missions would be required It is hardly worth while to elaborate the merits of to make it really effective. so chimerical a proposal. It is also questionable whether more would be gained or lost by relegat- It is easy for an American to thunder against ing the functions of the denominational foreign the shortcomings of the denominationalism, but mission boards to higher authorities for the col- interdenominational unification in common work lection of money only. The Roman Catholic on a large scale is already in view. If the regions Church is attempting the experiment. Would it of denominational narrowness are toned down too be wise to follow its leadership in this field which far will there not be danger of indifference and of must be handled so discreetly? looseness in church adherence?

Much might be gained if it were possible so to Almost every proposal looks inviting at first, amalgamate and to concentrate educational ef- but in view of the rash enthusiasm of the Comforts, either for the colleges and universities or missioners, the wisdom of the International Misextending the cooperation downward to the high sionary Council is evident in making haste slowly. schools, the secondary schools or even the primary schools. The example of the Roman Catholic The Report puts its finger on many sore points strategy is alluring, but how far is it practicable? in the Protestant missionary movement, and it Will the academic institutions of British India, never shrinks from giving clear cut advice. In originating from Great Britain and from North this respect it may serve as a healthy stimulant. America, ever be amalgamated that way? Will We can wish that the eyes of the general missionthat ever be possible in China? Would it be pos- ary public should be turned from the much desible to pool the financial resources coming from a bated parts I and IV and concentrated on the numscore of denominations with different ideals, such berless practical questions of part II and III so as the Baptists and the high church Anglicans? that the situations described there might be care- fully studied, and the recommendations given more adequate consideration.

T. he Indian Mission of Fellowship The Rt. Rev. J. S. C. Bannerji, Assistant Bishop of La- fectively conveyed except in the spirit of true hore, who was the leader of the Mission of Fellowship friendship and real fellowship. This has given us from the Churches in India to the Churches in Great Brit- a new insight into the problems of missionary ain, thus describes the three months' tour of the principal work in India. centers in Great Britain and Ireland made by the four Indian Christians. The Mission of Fellowship has enabled us to see certain things with reference to the land to which THIS three months has been a new revelation we brought our message. Great Britain when seen to us and we thank God for the riches in in her true perspective, is truly great. She has Christ Jesus that are ours by virtue of the taught us many a truth which we shall carry with age long search of our forefathers for things spir- us back to our own land. itual and unseen in that land of India. We go back with renewed zeal to claim for ourselves and our We have also seen something of the heart of Church the fullness that is ours in Christ Jesus. Christian England. We have seen how much warm sympathy and goodwill and a sincere desire to do the very best for India there is deep down in We have come to consider afresh the question the heart of the Christian people of England. We why in spite of the openness of the heart of India know we can trust them. Enthusiasm for things to receive spiritual truths, there has been in re- spiritual and abiding is very great. When we saw cent years a spirit of resistance against Christ and thousands of men and women gathered to hear the His Gospel. We have seen, as never before, that simple word of God, we realized that deep down in no spiritual message to a foreign land can be ef- their hearts there is a hunger for God.

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Effective Ways of Working I 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I=====================II~'

SPRINGTIME SUGGES- we bow in Japan," "In India we "Resurrection from the dead." TIONS will all salaam," "In China we A description of Easter customs shake our very own hands," etc. in other countries follows, the An Easter Program for children repeating after the Children The decorations suggested for leader well-known greetings- the Easter program are flowers the girls saying, "He is risen," "If children pray together -brought by the children them- and the boys replying, "He is and play together the world is selves if possible-canaries in r i sen indeed." In America saved." cages, artificial butterflies, green Easter cards take the place of and white hangings and Easter Easter calls, visiting and feast- This is the basic thesis of eggs 'providing that their sig- ing, and the church service is "Festive Programs," a series nificance is fully explained. The the great event. Special musical published by the Women's Mis- invitations consist of a card numbers complete this simple sionary Society of the United with a simple white flower but impressive service.* Lutheran Church in America, painted in the corner by the from which we take the follow- children, or represent a bell or April Showers ing suggestions. cluster of bells cut from white cardboard, with dignified in- In an article in The Mission- Based on the holidays or festi- scriptions. Instead of a real ary Link, describing a send-off vals of various countries, the ob- game is suggested a study of the service for a group of new misject is to show that the boys and sionaries, the presiding officer girls in all countries have happy countries in which Easter is remarked that without doubt times just as they do in Amer- celebrated because Christ is the new missionaries had each ica, and that they love their known. Maps are used if de- had many "showers," but she country and its festivities just sired. The children are asked proposed to the assembly that as American children 10 v e to name countries which keep one more be given them-a theirs. In this setting, "Reli- Easter and those which do not, "Shower of Promises" to cheer gious festivals are introduced to lining up as for a spelling match, them on their way. These prombring abo.ut the realization of the leader calling for the Chris- ises came rapidly and spontanethe need of a Saviour in all na- tian countries from one side and ously from the audience as each tions…. Emphasis is put upon one gave some Scriptural promthe similarities instead of the the non-Christian from the ise which had been his or her differences in the nations of the other, the sides vying as to which own stay in life: "Commit thy world. Where a difference is can hold its place longer. Lead- way unto the Lord"; "He shall noted it is explained that it is er explains that while Japan, give his angels charge over the lack of the knowledge of China, etc., do not keep Easter thee" ; "Be careful for noth- Jesus Christ that makes people as a nation, many of their peo- ing"; "My grace is sufficient for different. Racial and color char- ple who have attended our mis- thee"; "In quietness and in conacteristics are ignored. The sion schools and churches do. fidence shall be your strength," programs are simply a 'coming etc. The leader's own contributogether' of the boys and girls The program proper begins tion was most inspiring: "Courof our country and others." with the reading of the Easter age! it is I" (Revised Version). Memory work, handwork, deco- story, Luke 24: 1-10, by a child rations, invitations, music and or its repetition by a group of In a young woman's organizagames are outlined; the last- children, one or more appropri- tion, a shower of paper butternamed-excellent adaptations of ate hymns or carols, and sen- flies fluttered down from an umour familiar games to mission- tence prayers. The leader then brella opened above the group; ary words and actions-are op- explains the changes in spring- each butterfly was inscribed tional in the programs. For time and its consequent appro- with a number corresponding to instance, an adaptation of "Here priateness for the Easter season. that on a piece of missionary lit- We Go 'Round the Mulberry Seed or cocoon development may erature to be claimed by the Bush" begins, "Here we go furnish the visualization. The 'round the world together," and very word Easter comes from· * Booklet obtainable at the Literature in its several choruses the re- an old word meaning April; but frain repeats, "This is the way the meaning of the word which Headquarters, 723 Muhlenberg Building, we know best and celebrate is, 1228 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pa. Price, 15 cents. [ 215]

recipient. A similar plan uses yond argument. Mrs. Claire part of September (sometimes small paper tags hanging by Goodsill Chandler writes us re- as picnic meetings with quilt threads from the edge of a sus- garding this feature in the piecing as an avocation), the pended umbrella. In May the Galesburg Baptist church. She groups read, discussed and disame purpose is served by a tells how the girls in her Sun- gested the subject matter. In- basket of crepe paper flowers, day-school class, after studying cidentally they rolled up a large each of which is attached to a "On Racial Understanding" number of points in the Baptist missionary leaflet. Half opened (Youth and Christian Life Se- Reading Contest. The demand rosebuds may be used in June. ries), decided to adopt Christian is for more porch parties next All such plans add zest which Americanization as their acti- season. Mrs. Chandler adds: tends to create an appetite for vating project. After inviting "It was a delightfully easy the inspirational reading matter. a successful leader in such work method for encouraging mis- to hold a conference with them, sionary reading; and 0 n c e AFTER THE SCHOOL OF they started out on a schedule started with a dependable lead- of weekly calls in the homes of er it took care of itself." MISSIONS-WHAT? local foreigners-mostly Mexi- N. B.-A cool drink served by Recent suggestions of this De- can, Hungarian, Greeks and the hostess was the limit of the partment have majored on spe- Italians. They give lessons in inevitable "refreshments," thus cial plans for mission study, as English and in many other ways minimizing preparatory work featured in the annual School of show themselves good friends and maximizing attention to the World Friendship. Shall it now and neighbors to the "New subjects in hand. be left with a sense of: There, Americans." The class prothat's over for another year!- an unrelated sidetrip in the grams for the year carry out IMPERSONATING MAGAyear's trek? Or shall it be so the same motive. Each month ZINES integrated with the year's en- is spent considering a different deavor as to be a fundamental country, with the committee in Eternal vigilance is the price and continuous factor? The charge planning decorations, of much besides "liberty." Plans prime essential for the latter programs, refreshments, enter- for stimulating the subscription plan is: tainment, etc., after the manner endeavor must be varied and of the country studied. Showers oft repeated. We are indebted A Missionary-Minded Pastor for Baptist stations, in the coun- to Viola Merritt Lyle, of Turtle tries considered during the Creek, Pennsylvania, for the fol- The Rev. W. N. Sager, of School of Missions, are held lowing excellent contribution: Bucyrus, Ohio, writing in the under the direction of a spe- Evangelical-Messenger, says: cially appointed "Shower Lady," At one of our meetings the litera- ture secretary used impersonations to make her subject matter more inter- The pastor is, or should be, the whose task is to plan appropri- esting. Securing magazine covers leader, director and example in mis- ately for the reception of small from local subscribers to the three sionary study, appeal and response in articles of ascertained need in publications to be considered, she so far as his congregation is unre- Indian stations in Arizona and basted these· decoratively on the white lated to the needs of the unevangel- Montana. These may be placed dresses of a corresponding number of ized. The business of missions is the on a dateless Christmas tree, or enthusiastic women who could be debusiness of the Church, the business in an Indian drum. Amounts of pended upon to give their subject of the Gospel. … This is the supreme money needed for specific ob- matter convincingly. The monologues purpose of the Church. For the nec- jects in stations in China are to ran something as follows: essary recruits we must look to the be dropped into a Chinese lanleaders of these flocks. The shep- tern to "send out the light." 1. I am the Year Book of Prayer. herds are responsible for their train- Come with me and I will show you ing. . . . The task is so important, so Another plan that has proved the fields where our missionaries far-reaching that the utmost loyalty of great value in this church is work. We will visit lonely places in to the Master's Plan and the most en- that of Porch Reading Groups. our land where probably you have during faithfulness must obtain, if Both the Home and the Foreign never gone, and then cross the ocean the work is to be well done. Not only study books seemed so readable to other countries. I will show you would indifference or neglect on the last summer that the local Mis- schools where· the thought of God has part of the pastor limit his useful- sionary Education Committee been so changed that instead of bowness and bring a smaller harvest, but suggested the formation of ing in terror before an idol, the chilthis would depreciate the activity of neighborhood reading groups dren love and worship the Father in the members of his church, and as a for the summer afternoons. heaven. We will see the Spirit of consequence, his church would not ac- Leaders were secured in differ- Christ at work in the colleges, on the complish its share of the work of the ent parts of town, and near-by campus and in the classrooms. Let Great Commission. . ',' Our church, women, girls and available men me take you to hospitals where suflocal and general, is dependent for were invited to become parts of fering people find healing for souls as her success on the mental training, their groups. The Woman's So- well as bodies. . . . Best of all, I will spiritual devotion and loyal obedience ciety bought the books-five of lead you to the Throne of God in earof her pastors to the program and nest prayer for the coming of His leadership of those in authority. the most colorful-each leader Kingdom. 0 come with me this year. making her own selection. Meet- Importance of Follow-Up ing weekly during August and I am the Year Book of Prayer. Projects (She remains standing as the next The paramount value of acti- impersonator enters eagerly and joins vating the study material is be- her.) 2. I am Women and Missions. My sister has offered to show you other people and lands. Now let me take you into the homes of the missionary

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

workers and their friends where you May wisdom, knowledge of the work, a five-pointed star with the re- may hear them telling why a mission- enthusiasm and the ability to inter- quest that she secure one recruit ary wants to go to China-or Arizona, est others be yours in good measure. for each point during the year, and what he does through the happy, The duties of your office require writing the names on the succes- crowded days. . . . In my pages you (enumerates duties). For you we sive points and publicly posting will hear girls and boys who have light this White Candle (suits action the stars at the final meeting. learned the joy of Christian living tell to word), as symbol of your office. how they have gone home to show White is made up of all the colors; -MRS. JOHN A. PRICE, Re/ormed their own people the way of life. And so the president must have the sup- Church, Toledo, Ohio. my pictures! What a host of scenes port of all her officers to make her they will show you! Come with me work complete." RECIPES FOR CHINESE through the year: meet my people: EDIBLES hear their stories: laugh with them: (President is then led back to her cry with them: love them. Come, chair and vice-president taken for- Candied Apples journey with me around the world. I ward to be similarly inducted.) am Wotnen and Missions. Small apples (like crab ap- "For you we light the Yellow ples) are cored and dipped in a No.3. I am THE MISSIONARY RE- Candle, as symbol, etc. YeJlow de- sugar sauce (syrup made of VIEW OF THE WORLD. My sister pub- notes life, strength, sunshine-all nec- brown sugar and water cooked lications have offered you many essary in assisting the president to do until brittle when tried in cold attractions, but you need me to com- her work." water). The Chinese have from plete your missionary library. My 5 to 10 apples on each stick. sisters are largely concerned with the A similar ritual is used for the rework of one denomination. But sure- cording secretary for whom a Blue The Chrysanthemum Bowl ly your sympathies are not confined to Candle is lighted as signifying truth, the fields of the Presbyterians alone. steadfastness, faithfulness. For the The Chrysanthemum Bowl is I bring you news of other groups. corresponding secretary, a Rose Can- a Chinese chafing dish in which The Church of England speaks dle, rose denoting the rosy hue which the flame from the alcohol rises through its missionary bishop; the must run through the correspondence, about the bowl of steaming food American Bible Society tours Brazil especially to the sick, shut-ins, be- likE;: the petals of a chrysanthewith you. Laymen and theologians reaved. For the treasurer, a Gold mum. Served with rice and folspeak to you about the things of the Candle is symbolical of money. For lowed by an orange or pumello world-wide Kingdom. The voice of the secretary of supplies, program, (the nearest to that in America "Effective Ways of Working" tells of Christian citizenship, membership, is the grapefruit) it makes a new ways to do the ever-recurring stewardship, literature, etc. (accord- very palatable meal. tasks that grow so stale if done in ing to local roster), as a group, a the same old way every year. Through Green Candle symbolizes growth- Tea Eggs me you may learn what is done in the new members, program, ideas, litera- Council of Women for Home Mis- ture, etc. 1 doz. eggs; 1/2 cup dark tea sions, and the· Federation of Women's Boards. My "World-wide Outlook" All newly installed officers are then leaves; 1 tbsp. salt; 1 stick cinwill keep you posted on current namon. events, and my "Missionary Book- asked to rise and face audience to be shelf" furnishes infinite variety. Boil eggs hard, then crack the Take me to your heart and home. I introduced individually. The install- shells thoroughly and put into a am THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE ing officer asks for support of entire pot with hot water to cover. WORLD. society and administers the following Sprinkle over the top with tea pledge: leaves, add salt and cinnamon, (SeclIre subscriptions at close.) and let simmer slowly long "Do vou, as members of this so- enough to become thoroughly INSTALLATION OF ciety, p'ledge your loyal support and brown inside. OFFICERS whole-hearted cooperation with these officers?" Fish Chinese Style By MRS. C. B. STAUFFER, Lakewood, Ohio Answer, "We do." 1 fish; 2 tbsp. flour; 1 cup All rise, form circle and sing, water; 2 tsp. soy s a u c e ; This service opens with a few "Blest Be the Tie that Binds." Clos- chopped ginger to taste; 1 tsp. remarks appropriate to the or- ing prayer. Chinese onion; 1 tsp. brown ganization, given by an install- supar; salt. ing officer, after which the METHODS BRIEFS chairman of the nominating Clean fish and fry in deep fat. committee comes forward and Accentuate interest and ac- Drain. When wanted for use, addresses the officer somewhat tivity in any missionary group reheat in the following sauce: as follows: by dividing its membership into Prepare thick sauce of flour, wa- two sections named after the ter and salt. Cook five minutes, We present to you these women fields or subjects for the cur- add soy sauce, chopped onion, who have been selected to carryon rent year's study-Chinese and ginger and sugar. the work of our Women's Home Mis- Indians this year-and have sion Society fQr the coming year. We them vie with each other for Sweet Potatoes, Roasted believe they possess the qualifications points such as attendance, dues Chestnuts necessary to do their work cheerfully, or offerings, new members obthoughtfully, prayerfully. Each has tained, etc. These are two popular foods been chosen for her special adapta- sold on the streets, baked in a tion to the work of her office and it is For reporting a convention or portable stove, often "called" in with pleasure that we present them. associationaI meeting: Have one the s t r e e t s .-From Chinese person-presumably an invalid Dishes for Occidentals. (Chairman of nominating commit- or stay-at-home-sewing in her tee then leads new president to plat- own living room when one or form and introduces her.) more callers come in and tell with animation, as news, the Installing Officer: "The honor that main points of the meeting to· is yours is not greater than the re- be reviewed. This takes away sponsibility which the office conveys. the formality of a report.

Give each member in the fall

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK I ~,,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CONTINUING PRAYER could pray that "the Chinese difficulties of the migrant la- soldiers be victorious," her reply borers have been multiplied a On March 3, 1933, individu- was that as Christians they hundredfold. In times of plenty als and groups who are follow- would "ask God the Father of the migrant laborer is the last ers of Him, who came to give all to aid in the victory of the to share; in times of distress life and more life, to all men, country which had the greatest he is the first to be eliminated prayed to be faithful in walk- contribution to make to the hap- from the educational, health and ing the same Way of Life. Mrs. piness of the peoples of the recreational plans of the com- C. C. Chen of Shanghai, who world." munity. After years of neglect, prepared the program for medi- migrant schools were organized tation and prayer which was Therefore with all this host for the migrant children in Caliused all round the world, has of witnesses encircling us, we fornia. In 1932 everyone of growing children whom she must strip off every handicap these schools in one county was would guard from venom of the . . . run our appointed course closed; now hospitals have in hatred of Japanese children. 'So steadily with our eyes fixed upon some cases closed their doors to they are taught at this time of Jesus as the pioneer and the per- the "migrant." great tenseness between the na- fecter of faith.-{Hebrews 12: tions that in Japan are families 111o.ffat translation.} At this time of curtailment in with grandparents, fathers and all these programs, the life of mothers and children like them- THE CRISIS IN THE WORK the migrant laborer is further selves; and, that the suffering AMONG MIGRANT burdened by irregular employof the many people both Chinese CHILDREN and Japanese is caused by mili- ment and wage cuts from 25 % tarists rather than by followers In these days when the atten- to 50 %. They receive forty of the Prince of Peace. When tion of each is centered on the one of her sons asked if one needs in his own community the cents instead of one dollar and fifty cents as in 1928 for pick- ROSALJE READY FOR HER BATH ing one hundred pounds of cot- ton. In some crops children of [ 218 ] five and six years are found working in the fields to add even a few cents to the family earn- ings in spite of school attend- ance laws.

Word has come from a field in the West that the "starvation period" has arrived. In Janu- ary and February from the East, in New Jersey, comes the report of terrific floods. The shacks, already elevated on stilts to escape the incoming tide, are flooded. Eight hundred "mi- grants" are sleeping on army cots in available buildings in the town. One large oyster house is so damaged that business has ceased and many of these people have been thrown out of work with no money or food. From five to eight hundred are being fed daily by the churches in the neighborhood. The Red Cross has been enlisted. Never has the work of the Council in this field been so valued by the com-

1!l33] BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL 011' WOMEN .FOR HOME MISSIONS

munity and the migrant families was demonstrated by the num- for strengthening it, but there as in these days of crisis. With ber who in this time of economic was also a strong conviction the added difficulties in the mi- stress were in attendance at the that in it, along with disarmagrant situation have come added Eighth Conference on the Cause responsibilities to the Council of and Cure of War held in Wash- ment, lay the only hope of the Women for Home Missions. As ington' D. C., January 17-20, of world for permanent peace. a result the year's work closed this year. The delegates from That public opinion, as repre- December 31 with a deficit of the eleven national women's or- sented in these women's organover seven hundred dollars. You ganizations which cooperate in izations, has progressed during may know of individuals or or- this annual conference came the eight years that these conganizations who could help. from all parts of the country, ferences have been held toward north, south, east and west, and a manifest desire for greater in- AGAIN WE SAY, represented groups of women in ternational cooperation is shown many varied activities, such as by the "Declarations of Princi- "Let No Man Despise Your Youth!" clubs, Leagues of Women Vot- ples" unanimously adopted by ers, Y. W. C. A., W. C. T. V., the conference, which is as fol- James Frederick Green, Yale missionary societies and church lows: 1932, representative of the Na- tional Student Disarmament groups of various kinds. The After eight years of exploration into the causes and cures of war by Council of V. S. A., in his ad- organized church women were means of a program based on condress to the World Disarma- delegates of the Council of ment Conference, Geneva, Feb- Women for Home Missions or sidered study and action, we, the ruary 2, 1932, said in part: the Federation of Woman's members of the Conference on the Cause and Cure of War, make the After contemplating the events pre- Boards of Foreign Missions following Declaration of Principles: ceding the catastrophe of 1914 we re- which are two of these eleven main unconvinced as to the wisdom of member organizations of the 1. We believe that international coour predecessors. . . . We respect the National Committee on the operation and international concilianoble war dead, but we question the Cause and Cure of War. tion must proceed on a wide front judgment of those responsible for and without further delay through their death. The theme for the conference governmental and through private was "War and Waste," and the and public agendes. Organized slaughter, we realize, program included some very does not settle a dispute; it merely realistic presentations of the 2. We believe in the political intersilences an argument. . . . situation in the world today in dependence of nations. its bearing upon international The other speakers have much at 3. We believe in the economic instake; we have even more, for we terdependence of nations. are literally fighting for our lives. I 4. We believe in the active promo- tion through governmental and other stand before you as an attorney for relations, and the machinery set channels of the cultural relations of the defense, pleading for a reprieve. up since the World War for the the nations. . . . It is the young men and women prevention of war. Among the 5. We believe in the creation and of my age who will be commanded mobilization of an informed public to commit suicide. It is my genera- speakers were Dr. Stephen P. opinion, in order to exert a continution which will be requested to de- ous pressure on the Executive and stroy the best of human culture, per- Duggan, who gave a most inter- the Congress of the United States of haps civilization itself, for causes esting account of conditions in which future historians will discover South America; Dr. Mary E. America so that the principles here- in enunciated may be translated into to be erroneous, if not utterly stupid Woolley, who spoke on "The or actually vicious. We have thus Status of Disarmament"; Mr. measures effective for world unity lost interest in being prepared for Ralph H. Stimson, who talked and world peace. cannon fodder. about the war provoking influ- ences of the manufacture of Among the resolutions passed In a sense, I am presenting an ulti- armament, and Mrs. Vera M. by the conference was one exmatum, rather than a petition. For Dean, who gave an address on pressing satisfaction with the behind your deliberations stands star- "Russia Plans a New Order." policy for implementing the ing down at us the specter of Death. In the program also, were Pact of Paris announced by the We desire to live and to live at peace. Round Table discussions on war Hoover administration and its We desire to construct a world so- debts, disarmament, and the Far appreciation of the stand taken ciety providing freedom, equal op- Eastern situation, all led by ex- by the incoming President in reportunity, and a sense of security. perts on these subjects. The affirming the necessity of strict We desire to make possible for every final session closed with an ad- maintenance of treaty obligahuman being full development of per- tions. Another resolution exsonality in terms of the highest human and spiritual values we know.

EIGHTH CONFERENCE ON dress by President Neilson of pressed approval of the Joint THE CAUSE AND CURE Smith College, who spoke of the Resolution b e for e Congress OF WAR "Chances for Peace in the World granting to the President the power to prohibit the exporta- Today."

By ELINOR K. PURVES As the discussions proceeded tion of arms to nations at war, That women are vitally inter- through the four days of the where in his opinion a sufficient ested in the movement for inter- conference it was made clear to number of nations are willing to national cooperation and world all that the peace machinery of cooperate in such actions, and peace and are willing to make the world had many weaknesses urged favorable action by Con- sacrifices in order to secure it and that there was great need gress.

One of the features of the Following Christ is no less the addresses, but broke up into conference was the jury of than living Christ. smaller group conferences for twelve which listened to the dis- the discussion of the many difficussions and at the final session Live Christ culties that are preventing the brought in as Findings the Dec- nations of the world from atlaration of Principles referred Live Christ! – and though the way taining permanent peace. Some to above, and the "Objectives for may be of the problems included "Four 1933" for the member organiza- Public Enemies – Armaments, tions, the main purpose of the In this world's sight adversity, Debts, Tariffs, and War Costs"; conference being to set up a He who doth heed thy every need "Has the United States a Peace program around which the De- Policy?"; "International Mapartments of International Re- Shall give thy soul prosperity. chinery to Bring Peace"; "The lations of these organizations Church and War"; "Christianmay build their respective pro- Live Christ! – and though the road ity and Coercion." gram for the year. may be A Peace Picture Exhibit was The "Objectives for Action" The narrow street of poverty shown in connection with the He had not where to lay His head, conference. Numbering 451 call upon the women of these or- cartoons, posters, photographs ganizations to arouse public Yet lived in largest liberty. and pictures on the war-peace opinion in favor of (1) the im- issue, this display showing the Live Christ! – and though the road horrors of war is considered one mediate ratification of the World may be of the finest collections of its Court Protocols; (2) the dec- kind. It was collected by Dr. The straight way of humility laration of an embargo on arms He who first trod that way of God Francis N. Onderdonk, head of to nations at war after the President has secured the coopera- Will clothe thee with his dignity. the Department of Architecture at the University of Michigan, tion of other nations; (3) the Live Christ! – and though thy life and an ardent pacifist. It is concontinual implementing of the may be sidered unusual from an artistic standpoint as well as for its con- Pact of Paris by nonrecognition In much a valedictory, tents. Pre-war painters as well of situation brought about con- The heavy cross brings seeming loss, as the most modern type of Ger- man and Dutch artists were reptrary to its obligations; (4) the But wins the crown of victory. resented, among them, Otto Dix, whose series of prints on the achievement of definite results Live Christ !-and all thy life shall be brutalities of war have labeled during the second stage of the A High Way of Delivery- him as "the Erich Remarque of etchers." Disarmament Conference along A royal road of goodly deeds, certain definite lines, and (5) Gold-paved with sweetest charity. CONTINUING PRAYER the entrance of the United Live Christ !-and all thy life shall be On the first Friday in Lent, A sweet uplifting ministry, February 16, 1934, Christian States into the World Economic women and men young and old Conference without reservations A sowing of the fair white seeds and the children, too, will gather That fruit through all eternity. again in the world fellowship of and with freedom to discuss the -John Oxenham. prayer and giving for others. problems relating to the present Mrs. Lewis Hofmeyer of Cape- YOUNG PEOPLE'S PEACE town, Africa, is preparing the economic crisis. CONFERENCE program on the theme "Pray for the Peace of Jerusalem." In the The Council of Women for The realization that the bur- November issue of the MISSION- dens of the next war will fall on ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD will Home Missions and the Federa- the shoulders of the younger be found the report of the world generation and that a deep sense observance in 1932. tion of Woman's Boards of For- of responsibility rests with them in thwarting propaganda which Mrs. Poling chose as her eign Missions have accepted would precipitate another crisis theme for the March meeting of led the New York Quakers to the Administrative Committee these objectives as the basis for call a two-day Young People's of the Council the year's work, together with Peace Conference, which was held on February 12 and 13 at "According to your faith be it unto those parts of the Federal Coun- the Friends Meeting House, 221 you" and East 15th Street, New York cil's "Memorial on World Peace" City. "A new commandment I give unto you, which related to disarmament, that ye Four hundred and fifty deleinternational cooperation and gates between the ages of fifteen Love one another, as I have loved and thirty-five from churches, you." the World Court, all of which synagogues, schools and colleges are very similar to actions and in New York, New Jersey and recommendations of the Confer- surrounding communities heard ences on the Cause and Cure of Norman Thomas, Frederick J. War. The women of the Libby, Dr. Edmund B. Chaffee, churches, if they accept this pro- minister of Labor Temple, Program, will then be uniting with fessor Allen G. Alley of the other groups of women in nine League of Nations Association, national organizations, and with and Dr. Louis 1. Newman, New the churches represented in the York rabbi, discuss various as- Federal Council in a united ef- pects of the peace problem. The fort to further the cause of in- young people not only took part ternational cooperation for the in the general forums following prevention of war.

'~I~~–~—–""""""""""""'''"""==''"""===-====='''''''''''''''==-""'""'='''""'""—–'''-'=–====-''''–''''''''~

n Our W orld–wide Outlook lr it A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~'-I_~'"—–'~"'-"""""'-=–====—=~==-=—-==~==~–=I~~ INDIA-BURMA legislative councils as against 71 the average length of stay here was formerly. They will sit there, 2.03 years. In time the average length Waning Interes,t in Hinduism not as members of the "de- of stay will incline to be shorter. pressed classes," but of the These all go on six months' parole. Twelve years ago half a mil- Hindu community. While politi- The average number of those who relion pilgrims bathed in the God- cally Mr. Gandhi's fast has been turn after parole is 37.5 per cent. It aviri River at Nasik; last year a success there is still a grave may be assumed that most if not all a hundred thousand visited the problem presented by certain of those who do not return are conholy place. These were two orthodox groups who refuse to tinuing to keep well. Of those who Sinhasta Years when the planet give up their ancient customs of have returned the number of relapses Jupiter enters the sign of Leo caste. Unless this is done Mr. is 13 per cent, but none of these were and the water in Ram's Pool is Gandhi announces another fast serious; save in rare cases their nonbelieved to have unique purify- -this time unto death.-J. J. infectivity remained untouched, and ing power. Though ancient In- BANNINGA, Pasumalai, India. they all yielded to brief further treatdia continues to assure the world ment. We keep trace of the Christhat the life of renunciation is Do Not Close the Garo Schools tians who go from the hospital, the way to God, yet it seems evi- through their Christian pastors; with dent that this search is gripping Christian Garos support forty the others we have no such intermedithe Indian people less and less evangelists who work among ary. We should like to keep our "diseach year. Other interests are children in the Garo Hill vil- ease arrested" patients longer under surging forward and religion is lages where the American Bap- observation, but the daily pressure is dropping into the background tists have a mission. As soon as too heavy. particularly among the intelli- these children learn even a little gentsia. If this modern attitude they are never again contented -Without the Camp. is a protest against the sterile re- with all the silly, useless form of sults achieved by overemphasiz- eviil spirit worship. Knowing A United Work for Outcastes ing renunciation, it is a whole- this, many villages will not persome step in advance. If, on the mit a school to be opened, so if Alwaye, in north Travancore, other hand, it means that all re- any of the fifty-seven schools are has become a field of united ligion is to be tabooed, it spells closed it means the end of or- Christian effort on the part of danger for the future.-WILBUR ganized Christian work in that Jacobite and Mar Thoma Syrian S. DEMING in The Missionary village. Recently a conference churches, and the Anglican. The Herald. was held in the Garo Hills at settlement was begun by a group which forty Garo representa- of young Indian and English Legislation by Fasting tives and nine missionaries sat men to grapple in a Christian together for six hours a day for way with the problems of the de- Can you imagine Dr. Daniel four days, discussing many prob- pressed classes. The obj ectives Poling threatening to fast to lems of the work, especially in of the group might be summardeath if America does not posi- regard to retrenchment. The ized as follows: to spread the tively and definitely go "Dry"? Garos pleaded that these schools Gospel among outcastes and to If Dr. Poling did such a thing might somehow be kept open, for help in their uplift, so that real would he get more than condem- often the teacher is the only oneness in Christ might be realnation as a publicity stunt Christian village leader. ized, to train Christian leaders puller? No-not in the United from among the outcastes, to fo- States. But in India-there we – Watchman-Examiner. cus the attention of educated have a different psychology. people on the village problems Nothing strange about Mr. Leprosy Arrested of India, to draw together Chris- Gandhi's method there. Tele- tians of East and West, and grams flew about the country Rev. G. M. Kerr of DichpaIi lastly, to give to students of Unand officers of high rank got Leper H 0 s pit a I, Hyderabad, ion Christian College the chalbusy to see what could be done writes: lenge that higher education for when he began his fast. The de- the Christian should result in pressed classes, numbering about The last eight months have seen 184 higher service. There are still 65,000,000, really gain a great patients discharged as "disease ar- 300,000 non-Christian outcastes deal politically, for they will now rested"-our biggest number as yet in Travancore. occupy 148 seats in the various within such a period, but undoubtedly treatment is becoming more intensive -C. M. S. Outlook. and more speedy in result. Of the last 300 discharges in this category Dacca Mission to Students [221 ] For the last forty years a spe- cial feature of the Dacca Mission

has been the evangelistic work tracts for Moslems. Thus the Burma, non-Christian as well as among students, and some no- School has great potentialities Christian.

table Indian Christian leaders for reaching the whole of India's CHINA have been won as the result of 77,000,000 Mohammedans. -The Mission Field. this quiet, personal, persistent Multiplying Dollars work – through Bible classes, Origin of Gospel Teams Dr. Percy T. Watson writes lectures and social intercourse. The Burma Gospel Team work from Harwood Memorial Hos- This old Moslem capital of East- was started by Mr. Dyer about pital in Fenchow: ern Bengal is the center of a 1923 and the work grew steadily. populous area, and the seat of a In 1930 the Team met a man "For years this hospital has great university. A little group in India who had been changed had to economize on furniture. by his contacts with the Oxford Most of patients' beds had no of Christians was discovered Group and they found that they bedside chairs. The best rooms there in 1817. They were called had much in common. Many of had no dressers or chairs, and "Truth Teachers," and had in the methods, much of the ap- even bedside tables were at a their possession, carefully pre- proach, and all the desires for premium. From a small town of the ultimate goal were the same. less than a thousand people in a served in a wooden box, a much- The Kingdom of God Movement rural section of the United States worn volume from which they in Japan has the same motive a lady sat down and wrote a derived their spiritual guidance. as do the Gospel teams. One hu- check on the small local bank and Noone could say whence the man source common to all these enclosed it in an envelope ad- m 0 v e men t s was Henry B. dressed to the Fenchow Hospital. book had come, but they stated Wright of Yale, who taught suc- No letter accompanied it. That that they had possessed it for ceeding student groups from thin envelope brought many fat many years. It was a copy of 1900 to 1924, and Frank Buch- things-tables, chairs and Chi- Carey's first Bengali version of man, Samuel Shoemaker and V. nese dressers, which averaged the New Testament, printed at W. Dyer were among the num- together, made the cost of each Serampore in 1800. The book ber.-Watchman-Examiner. article only a little over $1.00 in had been Christ's messenger be- American money. This Amerifore any preacher had arrived. Student Questions can check on a small, out-of-the- way American bank was cashed Thirty years ago a hostel was The Rev. Paul J. Braisted of in Tientsin by the North China Judson College, Rangoon, Bur- Mission treasurer, changed into provided and accommodates !50 ma, writes that the modern Chinese money without discount university students. Its ChrIs- at the same rate as a New York tian influence upon the constantly changing groups is im- measurable. -Missionary Herald.

Lahore's School of Islamics Burmese students are keen and draft, and netted in fact $2.00 more in Chinese money than did The Henry Martyn School of earnest sewahrcehnerDs r.afJtoesreptrhutqh.. an international money order Islamics in Lahore was founded Recently for $10.00 American money a few years ago in recognition cashed at the local post office." of the need for better equipment Robbins, Secretary of the AmerIof missionaries in presenting -The Congregationalist. Christianity to India's Moslem can Baptist Foreign Mission Sopopulation. The School has set Schools for the Deaf itself to study Islam in all its ciety visited Rangoon the folbearings, to study Christianity The deaf are the only class of in its relationship with Islam, lowing questions were among people in the world who cannot thereby to help the Christians of be evangelized until they have India to understand Islam; and those propounded to him by the been taught in special schools. then to help missionaries and There are now ten such schools evangelists all over India to students in the Mission College: for the deaf in China, seven defiadopt such methods and litera- nitely under Christian manageture as will meet the problem. What are the marks which should ment. They are not reaching Besides this research, the School more than 400 deaf children out is teaching and writing. For separate a Christian from others? of at least 40,000 who cannot those who cannot make personal hear and should be in schools. contact with the School, "The Need a man who leads a pure and People of the Mosque" has been The forty-four pupils in the prepared. This is the first at~ true life believe in Jesus Christ to go Chefoo school have given a contempt to furnish in textbook tact with many homes and Chiform all the different things a to Heaven? nese people of all classes who What happens to people who follow know very little about the Chris- tian religion. other than Christian religious teach- ers?

Is it possible to live a completely un- selfish life? . .. Can a rich man live a ChrIstIan life? K. Is it possible to establish the mg- dom of God on earth?

Is there a God? How can I get a vital Christian ex- perience? . ?

Do animals have Immortal souls.

Further questions covered the missionary to Moslems needs to range of creation, revelation Evangelizing the Farmers know of Islam. An Urdu edition and denominations. The group is in preparation. The literary included representatives from A mixed Bible school for output also includes a series of all the major racial groups of farmers and students held at

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Mienchow in the summer of laymen, medical missionaries, level, approached through rob- 1931 proved so helpful that it and a number of foreign repre- ber-infested country, and the was decided to follow it up by sentatives of institutions and or- seat of an important lamasery, regular e van gel i s tic effort ganizations for the relief of has been occupied. Denja, whose among farmers. Under the lead- lepers, research, and treatment monastery has been visited at in- ership of the Rev. Wu Shuen-hsi for the disease. The attention tervals and is subject to Lhamo, some of the senior students at of the Conference was centered will also soon be occupied. This Mienchow Middle School formed chiefly on the leprosy situation marks real progress in the occu- themselves into an evangelistic in China, distribution of the dis- pation of Tibet. On the Indian- band, and various members, with ease, medical treatment and re- Tibetan border Moravian evan- a leader, went at week ends to search, and consideration of the gelists, who have returned from neighboring farmsteads. They future of leprosy work in China. a journey into Ladakh, report an conducted a lantern service on This Conference has furnished encouraging welcome by the peo- Saturday evening, and the next a stimulus to greater vigilance, ple and a thirst to hear and to day held services for men, and stronger effort in combating read the Gospel. women and children. At one the menace of leprosy. -World Evangelization.

farm, especially, these meetings -Without the Camp. Christian Leadership proved most fruitful. The head farmer burnt his idols publicly West China's Woman Pioneer The following statement was and instituted family worship made recently by Wong Kueiinstead. Since then the work Fourteen young women were Sheng of Nanking: "We Chinese has developed rapidly, and to- graduated last year from West day there are about twenty peo- Christians will not be always reple in that district who worship China Un ion University at peating the names of Jesus and Christ.-C. M. S. Outlook. Chengtu, Province of Szechuan. of God, or confining our energies As each received her diploma, to the preaching of creeds; but Prices for Hospital Care the largest ovation was given to we shall go out and actually save Helen Yoh, a graduate in medi- "If you came to our doors," and liberate and nourish and writes the Superintendent of the cine, the first woman to receive a build up the character and life Presbyterian Hospital at Weih- medical degree from any Szech- of every man who is enslaved by sien Station, "you could have a uan institution. Her father is the power of sin, and so demonnice ward bed, food, nurse's and strate our religious faith." doctor's care, all for 12 cents in almost a millionaire from the U. S. money per day; or you Chinese point of view, and is A similar note is sounded by could go second class with pri- tremendously pro u d of this ,Chao Tzu-Chien, of Yencheng vate room for 60 cts. If you daughter. He 'is a man of the Un i v e r sit y: "Gloriously the were very wealthy, you could go old school and has two wives first class with private nurse, living. The old father is very spirit of Jesus lives forever. If special heating and solitude for my fellow Christians and my $1.20 per day. If you are a third deaf, and uses an ear trumpet countrymen follow His holy exclass patient, your appendix with long rubber tube. Not long would be removed for $2.00, or ago one of the missionaries tried ample with all their hearts and if you want an amputation it is to persuade him to give up this with all their strength, what $2.00, or if you need an X-ray it fear is there for salvation, what is $1.75. If you have leprosy, old-fashioned contrivance, and buy a small electric affair. But fear for man's life?" he would not listen to any such A third statement comes from advice, and said, "I am known Wu Lei-Chuan, former Vice- all over this part of the country Minister of Education: "The de- as the man with the long ear." velopment of China's future is in the hands of the young men of plans are being made to take – Watchman-Examiner. today. Jesus alone is competent care of you. In any given to lead them and worthy of their month we can count upon at In Tibet worship."-Christian Observer.

least 25 who will come in to have The Chinese-Tibetan border JAPAN bullets extracted, after a visit no longer bars the missionary, from bandits. But we are not and Christian guests may take Peace Sentiment looking for patients, for seventy unhindered journeys. Missionare now filling our sixty-nine There is in Japan a liberal aries who have taken into Tibet group to whom war is becoming beds. their wives and children during National Leprosy Conference the summer season have thus abhorrent, however serious the secured firm friends. Chinese provocation. From onoe school The first National Conference control has been effectively ap- comes the news that in chapel on Leprosy to be held in China plied over some important Tibe- prayer had been offered daily met in Shanghai on October 5-6, tan centers and facilitates mis- "for the soldiers on both sides." 1932, under the auspices of the sionary occupation. Lhamo, a Another writes, "Weare holding Chinese Mission to Lepers. The nomad center three days' ride wee k I y interdenominational membership of the Conference beyond the Chinese border, prayer meetings to pray for included Chinese medicals and twelve thousand feet above sea peace."

The following stanza is from was organized in 1904 with 24 Evangelistically-Minded Korea the pen of Kagawa: members; today its membership is over 800. One hundred and Because both missionaries and "Again I have become the child of an thirty-six were baptized in the Korean Christian leaders have aching heart, new edifice and many were re- emphasized prayer, Bible study ceived into full church member- and witness bearing, the Korean Carrying the burden of Japan's ship. The new building is not Church has always been evan- crime, large enough to accommodate gelistically-minded. The largest the church school which meets recorded attendance in a Bible Begging pardon of China and of the in open sheds adjoining the class for women was 1,300, and world for men, 1,800. There have church building. Rev. Takie been several "Forward Move- With a shattered soul; Okumura has been the pastor Again I am a child of sadness." and inspiration of the church. ments." In the "Great Revival of 1907," prayer and confession -Christian Advocate. -The Christian Century. of sin were very prominent.

Three Days with Kagawa Rev. C. J. L. Bates, D.D., President of the Kwansei Ga- kuin in. west Japan, outlines Give Us Religion Only Three years later, in the "Mil- Kagawa's program of three day lion Souls Movement," there meetings for students, and char- A Buddhist priest asked Rev. were one hundred thousand Clarence F. McCall of Niigata, acterizes them as masterly dem- Japan, to come and pay his peo- days' preaching and 700,000 onstrations of rare intellectual ple a visit. "Bring your stere- copies of the Gospel of Mark power. His underlying purpose opticon slides," said he. "All were distributed. As a result, in these studies of the relation of right," replied Mr. McCall, "I will give you an evening of pic- the number of communicants in science and religion was to show tures showing American and the Korean Pre s b y t e ria n the inadequacy of the material- Japanese scenery, health hints, Church, U. S. A., increased in istic view. In the first address farm animals, and perhaps a bit four years from 12,500 to 32,- he traced modern scientific ideas, on morality or religion." An 500; and the total number of and showed the trend of thought astonishingly prompt reply came adherents from 44,000 to 110,- away from the materialistic to- -"I want pure religion, weav- 000. The gains of those revival wards a more spiritual interpre- ing in morality," announced the tation of reality. priest. So for a half hour Mr. years have never been lost. McCall spoke on the relation of There was also the "Kim Ik Tu His second "address discussed morality and religion and for the principles of Marxian eco- one hour and a half he showed Revival" in Seoul, in the fall of nomics, and challenged its claims his slides on "THE LIFE OF 1920, when 600 were present at to explain human interest and CHRIST." early morning prayer meetings, activity, affirming the conviction and 6,000 at evening meetings. In one offering, besides money, that it is only in the application of Christian love to the solution two hundred finger rings, two gold watches, twenty silver of social problems that these Baby Week in Seoul watches, clothes and bridal ornapressing problems can be solved. ments were received.

The third address examined The Child Welfare Union of Three times in connection the mechanistic view of life, and Seoul has an annual "Baby with government expositions in "Behaviorism," in a thorough Week." Dr. Y. S. Koo is its med- Seoul, evangelistic halls were set and convincing analysis; and ical director. Among the many made clear the impossibility of instructive booths was one for up near the entrance gate, and providing for choice and moral dental examination and advice; tens of thousands heard the Gosdistinction on the basis of such another to demonstrate baby pel preached. The present hypothesis. foods, where were shown many Forward Movement is a three- things the Korean women did year program, initiated in 1931 While speaking he uses a not know were allowable in a and is a j oint program of brush and India ink to draw baby's diet; one showed how to Methodist and Presbyterian graphs and diagrams. Each of bathe and dress an infant and Churches. The first year was his three addresses was two still another displayed 100 one of prayer, consecration, hours long. health posters loaned by the Bible reading and study. The Red Cross. There were also second is a year of evangelism -United Church Record. talks on the causes and preven- and the third is to be a year for tion of disease, and a model Ko- the widest possible distribution Makiki's New Church rean house was shown. At the and sale of Christian literature. end of two days some six hun- The Makiki Castle Congrega- -The Presbyterian. tional church is modeled after an old castle built at Yamato in dred people had come to see the "You Can't Preach There" 1560 by Lord Hisade, a Chris- exhibition. Large crowds came tian. It was the first Christian at night to see moving pictures Kimsi Tok Hung, unlike most place of worship in Japan, and on hygiene and health. One of our Korean friends, is not was called Tenshukaku – the hundred and eighty-five prizes poor. She had intended sending "Place to Worship the Lord of were awarded. Heaven." The Makiki Church a Bible woman to some needy -Korean Mission Field. village when someone said to

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

her, "But why don't you give Rural Life Institutes years of opportunity, but I am glad yourself as well as your money?" A distinct contribution to ru- that now I am not afraid to read and She decided to give her service, ral life in the Philippines when study the greatest book in the world. her time, and strength, and went the National Christian Council, out, voluntarily, to tell the Story. in cooperation with agricultural -Christian Advocate. Some time later it came to her heart to go to the village of high schools, insular, provincial NORTH AMERICA Song Gari, but the Sam Dung and municipal government offi- Century of Progress Crusade folk remonstrated, "Noone can cials and other agencies, con- Probably the most epochal preach there; they have beat up united church program ever ateveryone who has tried to." ducted six Rural Life Institutes Kimsi replied that it would be in the autumn of 1932. An im- tempted in the history of Chia new experience for her! She posing array of talent provided cago is the call to 1,000 churches is a good path breaker and im- information, entertainment and and 500,000 inactive church mediately got a hearing in this worship. Attendance at lectures members to participate in a vast proud village which had in past and demonstrations ran from world's fair religious movement. days been a well-to-do commu- thirty to 250, and audiences that Those expected to cooperate innity but through drink and vice gathered for evening programs clude 800 churches of 19 denomi- of addresses and music num- nations, representing the Chi- was in very poor circumstances bered from 500 to 2,000. These cago Church Federation. Inwith lands poorly farmed. Some institutes form the link between stead of having an evangelistic thirty, mostly men, accepted the national rural life meeting campaign with centrally located Christ and gave up drink and attended by 36 pastors, deacon- meetings, addressed by visiting tobacco. Later, the Pyengyang esses; farmers and missionaries evangelists, the program aims Men's Missionary Society sent from 18 provinces last March, to strengthen the morale of inout a man evangelist to follow and the short courses for farm- dividual churches, and to inspire up. In less than a year's time ers to be held .throughout the the membership to attend and the three saloons of the village archipelago as soon as possible. give financial support, and to have been obliged to close their lead better Christian lives. doors! The past summer's crop -Christian Council Bulletin. was better because of the new in- Already 20,000 workers, repdustry of the men. Three weeks "A Dangerous Book" resenting three major sections ago when Mr. Hill went there of the city, have been trained for the first time he found a Hon. Teodoro R. Yangco was and are ready to work when the congregation of eighty. resident commissioner in Wash- Century of Progress Exhibition ington for the Philippines some opens in June. -MARY HILL of Pyengyang. years ago. He is now past sixty-five, is one of the Island's -Presbyterian Advance.

distinguished citizens, known far In Hell's Kitchen ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC and wide for his Christian phi- Rev. E. G. W. Meury, D.D., of lanthropy. Speaking before a Challenge of the Celebes convention of pastors and Sun- the Dutch Reformed Church, has day school workers in Manila, he The sprawling, octopus-like is- said: finished thirty years as pastor of land of Celebes lies almost directly south of the Philippines, Before the United States came to Knox Memorial Coli e g i ate 150 miles east of Borneo. Within the Philippines, the Bible was a closed its 69,000 square miles are 53 book. But today, how different! The Chapel in "Hell's Kitchen," New distinct languages. Missionary Bible is open. Sunday schools and York City. During this pastorwork has gone on for a century, churches are free to think. The old practically all fostered by Dutch days of religious oppression are gone ate 807 church members have Protestant churches. To men- forever, thanks to the liberating power tion only the larger racial of Protestant Christianity. been received, of whom 709 were groups, there are 200,000 Menados; 100,000 Toradjas; 1,500,- When I was a small boy my mother on confession of faith. Thirty 000 Boegis; and 600,000 Makas- got hold of a Bible. Curious with in- years ago English, German and sar. A large number of the To- terest, she began to read it. She did Irish were the languages of the not know that the Spanish priest parish while today thirty-two would disapprove. One day the padre languages and dialects are in called at our home. Innocently my use. Nearly half the street signs mother brought out the Bible and said, are in Greek. There is no mo- "See, I have a Bible." notony in the work of this par- ish. Hit by the depression, all radjas have become Christian; "Ah," replied the priest, "that is a the members have taken the a part of their territory is occu- dangerous book for you to read. You blows with a smile, and the unpied by the Salvation Army. The must burn it." With fear and trembling my mother employed have been cared for burned the book then and there. That Menandos are nearly all nominal event made a great impression on my by the sharing of those more for- Christians, and are noticeably youthful mind. I grew up to believll tunate, as they did in the early "westernized." Boegis and Ma- Church. The benevolences of the kassar territories are still un- it was unsafe, and my dear mother congregation have not been re- died believing it was unsafe to read duced, but increased. occupied. Islam and paganism the Bible. I never read it until a few -Christian Intelligencer. holds them in bonds. years ago. I am sorry for those lost

Save Life League Colored Churchmen to Be The teaching of religion and all Twenty-six years ago Dr. Represented acts of devotion or worship are Harry M. Warren of New York forbidden. All but five of the City, founded the nat ion a I By a vote of three to one the native teachers will be dismissed "Save-a-Life League," which has diocesan convention of Upper and all but two of the Americans as its chief purpose the saving South Carolina, has opened the will leave the plant. One hunof persons who contemplate sui- way for representation of col- dred and fifty students must cide. Dr.' Warren recently re- ored churchmen in diocesan af- hereafter secure their education ported that he had in these years fairs. The resolution which re- in government schools. Since interviewed 2,900 people and sulted from much careful delib- business training and domestic eration and discussion is re- science do not come under the that most of them had been garded as a great forward step law, the Commercial Departsaved. The suicide rate of New in the work of the Church, and ment will continue. It is also York City alone is claimed to be reads as follows: hoped to use the school buildings four a day by George LeBrun, as a home for girls who will at- Resolved, That it is the sense of this tend other schools. secretary of the chief medical convention that the Negro clergy caexaminer. According to the New nonically resident in this diocese for -The Living Church. York Herald-Tribune about one at least six months, and working unthird of the cases are mental. der the Bishop of the diocese, and two Bibles for Mam Indians These Dr. Warren refers to psy- lay communicants elected by the con- vocation of colored Churchmen shall chiatrists, whereas the others be entitled to seats and votes in the Western Guatemala has 200,- treated by himself. His treat- diocesan convention. 000 Mam Indians. To make the ment consists in "human sym- Bible available for them, Rev. pathy and understanding" and -The Living Church. H. Dudley Peck has been at work the application of the Gospel with a group of eight translators message of Paul to the Philip- Ukrainians in Alberta and the cooperation of the Amerpian jailer, "Believe in the Lord ican Bible Society. The begin- Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be Around the indian Reserva- nings of an Institute for trainsaved." This message is as pow- tion at Good Fish Lake in north- ing Mam leaders has been erful to save the suicides of to- ern Alberta is growing up a set- mapped out. Evenings during day as it was to save the jailer tlement of Ukranians, a very reat Philippi. ligious people but suspicious of the translation sessions have organized Christianity, as they been employed for evangelistic Navajo Camp Meeting know it. Their number is in- trips, and for making Christ creasing year by year, both by known in their own tongue to immigration and birth rate. The A camp meeting at Chin Lee United Church of Canada is the the many Indian transients in Navajo Mission in Arizona, un- only Protestant Church doing public kitchens, lodges and der the Presbyterian Board, anything in a systematic way to plazas. Week ends have been brought the largest attendance help these people. There is one used to reach three near-by ever witnessed at any of the ordained missionary speaking towns and about fourteen vil- Navajo meetings, a daily attend- their language, but his work is lages. During the June session, ance of 100 being recorded. limited to a small area. The 423 unbelievers from 42 towns There were 15 accessions on con- Board of Home Missions is re- and hamlets heard the message fession of faith. The native sponsible for the hospital at of God's love through the Mam Navajo Christians furnished a Smoky Lake, while the Woman's translators. large part of the food for the Missionary Society has three camp meeting, which heretofore school homes; one at Smoky -Guatemala News.

has been furnished almost en- Lake, one at Wahstao, and one at Jungle Indians in Peru tirely by the missionary. Their Radway.

contribution was eight sheep. -United Church Record. The first twelve jungle In- -Presbyterian Advance. dians of Peru to be baptized Notable Negro Church LATIN AMERICA heard the Gospel for the first The Abyssinian Church of School Must Close time when they came to the Christian Alliance Mission at New York recently entered its The Hooker School in Mexico Cahuapanas. They have com- 125th year. It is the third old- City, under the Episcopal Board, pleted four months' attendance est Negro church in the United is unable to function under the at the Daily Bible School and States. With a membership of new law which makes it impos- have expressed the desire to more than 11,000 it is among sible to incorporate schools learn more in order to give the the largest Protestant churches· which had in the past received, Gospel to their families and in the world. Dr. A. Clayton were now receiving or expected friends. From 35 to 40 are at- Powell has been the pastor of to receive, support from reli- tending special noon meetings, this church for the past quarter gious organizations. The law and it has been in these meetcentury. also forbids any clergyman, or ings that most converts have – Watchman-Examiner. religious teacher in the schools. been won.-Alliance Weekly.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Oonverts in Uruguay never-ceasing persecution to articles against the Soviet re- Uruguay has long been known which they are exposed. Hitler gime, has published an open letas a refuge for oppressed peo- has made of anti-Semitism a re- ter in the Daily Express to Joples of other lands. In Monte- ligious dogma. goda, the vice-commissioner of video, the capital, are represen- the G. P. U. (Russian Secret tatives from every European -New York Times. Police) who is a member of the country. Among other nation- presidency of the Bolshevistic alities are about four thousand The President of Ozecho- party. Part of the letter fol- Armenians, who have an evan- slovakia lows: gelical religious background, and some are already Christians be- President Thomas G. Masaryk Can you deny that you have 200,000 fore coming. A few years ago of the new Czechoslovakian Re- prisoners, for the most part from public is a member of the Czech among engineers, attorneys, priests Brethren Church. In his first and other persons of the educated a young Armenian living in presidential message to the Na- class, who are compelled to do forced tional Assembly in Prague he Buenos Aires, Argentina, felt quoted the prophecy of the edu- labor on the canal to the White Sea the call to preach the Gospel to cator and reformer, Comenius: in Karelien? Can you deny that you his own people and decided to banished 35,000 kulak families (farm- ers) in the winter of 1929 from return to Europe for special "0 Bohel1,lian people, I trust in southern Ukraine to the polar re- God, that when the tempest of gions? Thousands of them died of study. He studied in Paris two His wrath brought upon our years and then in Glasgow, Scot- typhoid fever. Can you deny that all the towns in north Russia as Hibinaland, another three years and heads for our sins will have gorsk, Kondolatska, Neuastroy and passed away, the reign of thy Murmansk have been built through there he was ordained to the cause' will again be restored." ministry in 1932. After his or- Their long captivity has made forced labor? Can you deny that in the past mothers were deprived of dination he returned to Argen- their bread tickets by the G. P. U.? tina where he is doing evangel- multitudes ready for the Gospel. You seized old women in order to take In some communities the enter- their last diamonds or a golden braceistic work among his people of ing wedge may be a lecture on let because the Soviet government Argentina and Uruguay. In Huss, but after it the people call needed money. Can you deny that October, he baptized his first 26 every foreigner is watched in Russia; for Gospel sermons. Patriotism converts in Montevideo. is not enough; true freedom in- that our letters are read and our tele- -Home and Foreign Fields. deed can come only through the phone conversa~ions are overheard? Gospel of the Redeemer. Can you finally deny that during the EUROPE years 1930-31 you shed so much blood that your own friends were embit- tered because of it?

Scandinavian Missions To Establish Islam in Hungary AFRIOA A comparative study of the At the recent Pan-Islamic A Life Saver foreign mission activities of Congress held in Jerusalem, it Denmark, Norway and Sweden was decided to recognize Buda- A missionary and an Egyptian was recently given in Luthersk pest in Hungary as a holy city pastor were returning from a Ugeblad, as follows: for all Moslems, and build there long, hard day of visiting among a great mosque and university, various villages in the Delta. At DenJ"nark Norway Slceden that eventually might be to the the point where they separated, West what El Azhar of Cairo is each to return to his own home, Number of 2{0 400 700 to the East. This is considered the pastor hired two men to missionaries by Moslems themselves as the drive him the remaining dis- most important move ever made tance. Reaching a lonely bit of Benevolence for the western extension of Mo- road, the car stopped, the two (in Crowns) 1,750,000 3,000,000 4,250,000 hammedanism. Four centuries men got out, mumbling an ex- ago the Moslem Turks devas- cuse about the engine, whispered Gift per .59 1.1,1 .70 tated Hungary and for two hun- a moment together, then started capita …. dred and fifty years carried on a toward the pastor. Sensing rule of tyranny and cruel exac- trouble, he quickly drew out the Baptized in 1.900 11,000 a,oao tions, which lasted until the lat- only weapon he ever carries, held 1930 .. , ter part of the seventeenth cen- it in his hand, so that, in the tury, when the Hungarians moonlight, it gleamed in the eyes :"ative cou- 29,000 15G,OOO 84,000 drove their oppressors back of the advancing men, and said verts …. across the Danube, and the Turk- to them, "Be careful. I have ish dream of planting Islamic here the best weapon in the Anti-Semitism in Germany banners in Western Europe world, and I am trained in its faded.-Alliance Weekly. use~" Both men stopped and be- The prediction of the late Lord Melchet, a leader of the Jews in England, that one result of the war would be a complete dissociation of Jewish from German interests in Europe appears rapidly proving to be correct as a result of the campaign pursued with such vehemence by Adolf Hitler and his Nazis. Leaders of Jewish opinion in Great Brit- Oruelty in Russia gan to back off, protesting that ain have evidence of the terrible they meant no harm. The pastor situation of their coreligionists A Russian correspondent, could not refrain from laughing, in Germany. Life is being made Miss Clyman, who was asked to and said, "My friends, look here.

intolerable for them by the leave Russia on account of her I am a preacher. I have neither

money nor firearms. What I Apolo and the Pygmies Christians were few the boy who have is that sword which God The church of the Mboga en- beat the call drum for worship has given us to save life rather tirely due to the work of' one than to take it. I have a New went to Dr. Wilmer S. Lehman !,estament. ~he gleam you see, man, Canon Apolo, is already mstead .of bem?, from a pistol the center of a body of men and medical missionary aI nbdeastatihd~: barrel, IS the gllt edge shining women who are scattering the "This should finish.' in the moonlight, even as God's Gospel among thousands of healove shines on our hearts if we then. There is an African say- drum, and no one comes." Dr. will allow it. God's Word is ing "All food is God's," and they sharper than any two-edged never refuse food to a stranger. Lehman replied: "Keep on beatsword, and through it we who The Mboga apply this practice trust God fi~d all our needed help to the Gospel. Mr. Lloyd of the ing the drum, for the day will and protectIon for every time of C~urch. Missi.on Society talked need." wIth SIxty pIOneer evangelists come when this country will be who had come in to Apolo's Tl~e driver came up and begged headquarters. They had assem- full of Christians." The prophforglVeness, explaining, "We saw you come to the crossroad bled from all parts of. the great ecy has come true. On a recent with the foreigner, and sup- AruwImi forest. Ten of them posed you were his assistant in were spending their lives among Sunday morning at the chapel cotton buying in the villages. t~e dwarfs, living in their tiny When you asked to go to your VIllages, partaking the same where the old drum called in town, which is one of the large food, and moving about with cotton centers, we imagined that vain many years ago, 410 people you would be carrying money to them on their hunting expediclose cotton contracts with the tions. They are not a treacher- were present. Beyond, there farmers; and we thought this ous people, nor would they was our opportunity to take it were 52 chapels to which more from you. Will you forgive us dream of attacking others save this wrong?" in self-defense. Brave and clever than 6,000 go when they hear hunters they are, who do not -United Presbyterian. shrink from attacking even an the drum. elephant. At times one can see Sunday Schools Rally in a such game covered with arrows -Presbyterian Banner. Coptic Church as a gigantic pin-cushion with Bantu Essay Competition The World's Sunday School pins. When asked why they of- Association in Egypt held a fer to ~od pots of honey and The South African National Conference in Assiut. Sheikh WIld frUlts they answer: "White Sunday School Association re- Metry S. Dewairy, whose father ~an, we are afraid of Him. He cently arranged an essay compewas a Coptic priest writes of it: I~ cruel and hates Ufl, sending tition for non-Europeans. The sIckness and wild beasts and subject given was "The Impor- On Rally Day, because of limited death. If we put our offerings tance of the Early Years in space, we could only permit 4,000 stu- He may have pity." Christian Education." Altodents to .attend the rally-2,000 in the gether 106 papers were received -So S. Times. almost one third of them being in the vernacular. The papers were judged mainly by a three- fold standard-specific reference to the Bantu child; good reasons why Bible teaching and Chris- tia~ trai~ing should be given dUflp.g chIldhood; practical sug- gestIons as to how it should be done. A number of the papers were of considerable merit and showed knowledge of psychology and pe<,iagogy, as well as an ap- Evangehcal and 2,000 in the Coptic A Revival of Superstition preCIatIOn of the need for Chris- Orth~dox Church near by. The chair- tian religious education during man .Ill the Evangelical Church was a In the Cameroun territory of the early years. A cash prize of CoptIC lawyer, and the chairman in the Basel Mission, the number the Coptic Orthodox Church was an of Christians has been doubled two guineas was awarded the Evangelical elder! In the Evangeli- since 1927. Of late the mission best essay. cal Church there was a choir com- -South African Outlook. posed of t:nelve ~eacons of the Coptic is facing some severe ttrhiaels~'tLhoe­ Church wIth theIr ecclesiastical gar- worst being that of Money No Object ments of white· embroidered robes and velvet head-gears. of different colors. sango" agitation, a secret organ- Five miles from Mt. Silinda They stood before the pUlpit and chanted the Angels' Song in Coptic! ization. After fifteen years of South Africa, is a little bush My ey~s were filled with tears of joy, for thIS was the concrete expression progress the superstitious have school taught by a native Chrisof spiritual unity. We have been working ha!d in. El!;ynt for twelve again heard the voice of the tian, Norah Tamele. When lack years to. achIeve thIS fellowship among the AnCIent and Protestant Churches. mungi, a ravenous beast that of funds made it necessary for life Now. our efforts are being rewarded. demands human sacrifice. The the mission steonct lowsoerdsixthsacthohoerls~ Norah was It wIll mean much for the future fear of this animal is used by of our people. the Losango people in their agi- would be among the fatal num- In Assiut there are 4,500 tation against Christianity. ber. Her reply in Chindau was Drum Call Brings 6,000 as follows: "I want'to say that I wish to Street ~unday School pupils and Lolodorf ch urwcahsinfoCuanmdeerdouin~ continue to teach even if there is 3,000 m the Daily Vacation West Africa, no money at all. I will be very Bible Schools. 1905. In the early years when happy if you will allow me to

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

continue to teach my school. It otherwise, in competition everybody tions. Ever since the days of does not make me happy to work will open his shop. It must be com- Dr. Thom, Dr. Andrus and Mr. just for money; no, to teach the pulsory. Emrich, we have been wanting little children and to preach the to rehabilitate Mardin Station- Gospel to the older people is a -Turkish P1'ess Translation farthest American Board station reward greater than gold and Service. to the southeast, near Iraq. At silver. If the missionaries are last, in October, we were able to having difficulties, it is right Shall Turkey Accept place two families there-Dr. and that I should be troubled also Christianity? Mrs. W. L. Nute, and Rev. and and work with you; because Mrs. A. Carleton. They secured when I was poor and uneducated The following article by H. the usual travel permits from you did not turn me away, and Nihal in a Turkish periodical re- the regular Turkish officials at when I was sick you did not re- veals the Turk's attitude toward the points from which they fuse to help me. I am not able religion at the present time. started, but on arrival they were to express my thanks if I may told that a few days before, the remain in God's work." We have decided to follow the West- Angora Government had made ern civilization. But before every- that region again a closed zone The school was allowed to con- thing else we have to know the mean- for foreigners. Therefore they tinue with Nora receiving one ing of civilization. While adopting a could not be granted residence third her former pay. Students new civilization, have we to take over permits pending new instrucincreased in number from 23 to all its institutions and elements, or tions from Angora. They have 34.-Missionary Herald. may we leave out some parts? In en- been told that they must leave tering the Islamic civilization, the right off! After such long and WESTERN ASIA Turks accepted all the institutions of patient effort, our hopes seem that civilization, and naturally its re- likely to be frustrated, after we Friday or Sunday for Turks ligion also. Today while entering the have placed our worker:s there! Western civilization, shall we accept Weare making a final effort to Turkey is considering a change Christianity also which is the religion in the weekly rest day. A ques- of the West? have the decision reversed. tionnaire has been issued to sound out the feelings of the Today religion plays an important There are increasing evidences public regarding the adoption of role in life. With the exception of that many who are earnestly Sunday instead of Friday or the Russia, no nation has dared to declare seeking spiritual life are feeling abolition of a weekly rest day. irreligion. Since the Turkish nation the utter inadequacy of Islam, A large number sent replies ad- also needs a religion, what should it and are turning to Jesus Christ vocating the adoption of Sunday be? to satisfy their need. You may as rest day. Here are some of perhaps find it hard to realize them: Sheikh Bey, professor of psy- their aversion to the name Chris- chology said in a private conver- tian, which to them stands first The laborers have a right to a day sation: of all for a hostile nationalism of rest in the week. This right of the and secondly, for a form of worlaborers should be recognized. For "Since we desire to identify our- ship which they associate with instance, the cleaning of machines is selves with the West, it is necessary idolatry. But they see the winnot allowed on the rest day, and thus for us to make our religion also iden- someness of Christ, and are bea work day is used for cleaning and tical; seeing that it is impossible for ing led to be His followers. repairs. It is necessary that Sunday the West to accept Islam, we have to should be accepted. Even in Egypt accept Christianity." Today a good -C. T. R. they rest on Sunday, and not on Fri- many belonging to "the Enlightened day. The economic relationship of the Group" are of the same opinion. Ac- Effects of Christian Education nations has made Sunday common for cording to some of these, no greater all. . . . Far from abolishing the mistake can be committed than adher- The American School for rest day, half of the preceding day ing to the barbarous religion of Mo- Girls in Beirut had a student also must be set apart for rest. The hammed with its Feast of Sacrifice, body made up of twelve differreal question is not working six or while there is the humane religion of ent nationalities, ten different seven days, but working in a system- Jesus. What we mean is this; today sects of Christians, and five nonatic way. But it is essential that Sun- there is a group of enlightened Turks Christian religions. The nonday should take the place of Friday. who are inclined to Christianity. They Christians represented forty-six Especially in our commercial life we want Christianity not because it is a per cent of the student body. are losing much on account of the religion, but because it is a way lead- But figures are less vivid than present day of rest. . . . The adop- ing to civilization and humanity. individual testimony. Here is a tion of Sunday as a rest day is an ap- girl registered as a Moslem who propriate arrangement from the point On the other hand there is another has three times taken part in of view of our relations with Europe. movement which aims to Turkify Is- prayer before the whole school, It makes no difference whether a man lam. The Koran and the call to prayer and has once prayed publicly in rests on Fridav or Sunday. Only in began to be read in Turkish, but some- the name of Christ for a sick economic life, in bank transactions, it how this did not gain ground, whereas teacher. She expects to work is very important. . . . Sunday must the partisans of Christianity did not among women in Bagdad prison. be the· rest day. We mechants have stop. They continued their propa- A Syrian girl says: "Life," said two days' vacation in the week. We ganda. While the other movement is rest on Friday, and we can do no work passing away like a flame of chaff, on Sunday. Counting the feast days this movement moves on like water also, We! are idle almost half of the under a heap of chaff. Let us be careyear. But the rest day must not be ful, let us beware of doing the same left to the choice of the individual; mistake when we adopted a new civ- ilization. Our national culture is in danger.

-Translation Service.

Complications in Turkey The situation here is always liable to unexpected complica-

she, is full of glimpses of the exact figures are not available, Supervised by a Frenchman, world round about, happiness, as for example in Russia. Inspected by an American, mirth and joy. Friendship ex- Scoured by an Albanian, ists abundantly, not the cheap The Growth of Christianity in Dyed by a Turk, Examined by an Irishman, kind, but the rich, constructive the World friendship. In college I formu- G. L. Kieffer, in the Lutheran Pressed by a Pole. National Council Bulletin esti- -World Comrades. lated a serious idea of life and of mates the Christian population what it meant, of our capacities, of the world at the end of the A Christian Protest and of the many treasures it con- several centuries approximately tains." "Christomol" is the name of as follows: a Christian movement among -Syria News Quarterly. young people in Siberia, in op- A Christian Film in Meshed First Century ……… 500,000 position to the "Komsomol," or Second Century ……. 2,000,000 Godless movement. The Na- Dr. H. A. Lichtwardt of Third Century …….. 5,000,000 tional Bible Society of Scotland Meshed, Persia, sends this inter- Fourth Century ……. 10,000,000 reports that many groups of esting bit of news from that fa- Fifth Century …….. 15,000,000 Christians are being formed in natical holy city of the Moslems, Sixth Century …….. 20,000,000 Siberia. A strenuous attempt where until recently, everything Seventh Century …… 24,000,000 also has been made to transmit Christian was anathema: Eighth Century ……. 30,000,000 over the wireless radio at Har- Ninth Century ……. 40,000,000 bin, Manchuria, the Gospel mes- "During the month of Ramazan, the Tenth Century …….. 50,000,000 sage over the whole Far East time of fasting, in this 'holy' month, Eleventh Century ….. 70,000,000 and into Siberia. in this fanatical Shrine city, the Twelfth Century …… 80,000,000 American film, 'The King of Kings' Thirteenth Century …. 75,000,000 The Christian Protest Moveis being shown in the local cinema to ment, organized in England in huge crowds, which are at least 90% Fourteenth Century '" 80,000,000 1929, to combat the oppression Mohammedans. It is definitely Chris- Fifteenth Century …. 100,000,000 of religion in Russia, has been tian, sympathetically and earnestly Sixteenth Century …. 125,000,000 reorganized to include in its propresented, and has created a great im- Seventeenth Century .. 155,000,000 gram a campaign against the pression among the thinking people. Eighteenth Century … 200,000,000 Communist anti-religious propa- There were many army officers there, Nineteenth Century … 500,000,000 ganda in Great Britain. The and other officials and men of prom- Twentieth Century …. 737,280,000 work is educational in character inence. The Afghan Consul-General and will be carried out through sat directly behind me, and during the These estimates are compiled existing organizations. entire film asked me numerous ques- from Dorchester's "Problem of tions on details which he did not un- Religious Progress" and' from -Alliance Weekly. derstand. The audience was respect- "The World Almanac" and the ful and attentive. Such pictures will Lutheran Missions Prosper have definite evangelistic results, es- "Lutheran World Almanac." pecially as the sub-titles were direct The growth of Protestantism Not one mission under the scripture quotations, with book and verse stated." is estimated as follows since 1851: auspices of the United Lutheran Board of Missions was closed Per Cent during the past year, and the Increase 682 mission congregations and 78 preaching stations showed a MISCELLANEOUS NEWS Year Me1nbers Per new increase of 32,000 members. Increase Yelw Church Membership Gains 1851 82,000,000 106,000,000 ……… The Baptist World Alliance re- 1882 123,657,000 ports at the end of 1932 a sub- 1884 133,500,000 24,000,000 0.94 1888 136,036,600 stantial advance in church mem- 1889 17,657,000 8.32 9,843,000 1.99 2,536,600 1.90 bership, the increase amounting 1891 143,237,625 7,201,025 2.65 Thirty-eight of the missions be- 1900 150,000.000 6,762,375 0.52 came self-supporting. Forty-two to about 190,000. Especially in- 1906 166,066,500 16,066,500 1.78 new missions were started. The teresting are the statistics for 171,650,000 5,583,500 0.37 Lutheran Church spent more 1915 177,300,000 5,650,000 1.65 Asia. The steadiness of Chinese 1917 Christians under difficult condi- 1925 191,259.655 13,959,655 0.98 than a million dollars during the tions is gratifying; a net in- 1932 202,180,000 10,920,345 0.81 past year for home missions and crease of over 1,000 is recorded. The Indian growth is larger, The American Flag church extension work. especially that of South India, -The ChrisUan Century. A flag floats over the J ames- where there are now nearly 125,- town worsted mills. Here is its "There are treasures of love 000 members, forming the larg- history as told by the owner of and character which cannot be est body of communicants in that the mills: lost. For these treasures of the area. The Indian Baptist mem- The flag was made of wool from spirit we can well afford to exbership (apart from Ceylon) ex- American sheepceeds 200,000 ; India, Burma Sorted by an American, ch!mge aU else in order that we and Ceylon together report over Carded by an Italian, may possess them."

322,500. The largest advance Spun by a Swede, Our part is to cultivate and is in the United States, where Warped by a German, the membership of each of the Dressed by an Englishman, protect the garden of the inner Conventions has risen. These Drawn in by a Scotchman, life, but it is God who gives statistics omit all groups where Woven by a Belgian, strength to the stalk and beauty to the flower.

Missionary

Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~,————~–~~========~==~~~==-=====~~.========~~~====—-~~~.~~ Handmaidens of the King to Fo-reign romance. Mrs. Moffat was a An Ambassador in Bonds. By Mary Lands. By W. Thoburn Clark. 12 daughter of David Livingstone; C. Purser. 8 vo. 83 pp. 28. 6d. mo. 179 pp. Southern Baptist Con- Robert Moffat was a true pio- S. P. G. London. 1933. vention. Richmond, Va. 1932. neer who died just fifty years ago. The story has often been The blind of the world have The s e brief biographical told but this will be found inter- been neglected in all lands where sketches of Southern Baptist esting to those who have not ac- ambassadors of Christ have not missionaries include Mrs. Min- cess to the more complete biog- led the way in caring for them. nie Bland David of Africa; Lula raphies. The Rev. Wm. Henry Jackson, a Whilden, missionary to the blind Church of England missionary, of China; Julia K. Mackenzie of Adventuring with God. By Esther a graduate of Oxford, inventor Chinkiang, China; Ida S. Hayes, E. Baird. 12 mo. 55 pp. Ohio of a simple Braille type in Bura teacher in Mexico and Mrs. Friends Foreign Missionary Society. mese, a poet and musician-and Susan Broxton Taylor, the wife 1932. withal blind-began his work of Dr. Geo. B. Taylor of Italy. for the 25,000 blind of Burma in Some of the photographic por- Miss Baird has for forty years 1917. Burmese, Chinese, Intraits should never have seen the been a missionary in Nowgong, dians, government officials, busilight of day but the women they Central India. As one of the ness men and missionaries so poorly represent are heroines founders of the mission she tells helped to support the work and who served their generation by in this booklet the story of the he was given the Kaiser-in-Hind the Will of God and whose work growth of the Friends' work at gold medal by the Government abides. Chatarpur and the blessing of of Burma. The story told by his God upon the medical and edu- sister is worth reading. School Pat'hs in Africa. By Phyllis cational work-both of which L. Garlick. 12 mo. 102 pp. High- are evangelistic. Miss Baird re- Tefaro, Tales from Africa. By W. J. way Press. London. 1933. cently received the Kaiser-in- W. Roome. 8 vo. 185 pp. 58. Mar- Hind medal for public service in shall, Morgan & Scott. London. The author of "Goodly Fellow- India. Through her clear eyes 1932. ship" and "Uganda Contrasts," and warm Christian heart we gives us in these sketches some see the spiritual darkness and Africa is still a land of rovery interesting glimpses of need of Bundelkund, a district mance and adventure; a land of present day life in Africa-Ni- then untouched by the Gospel. strange scenes and customs; a geria, Ken y a , Tanganyika, They entered the field in time of land of ignorance, cruelty and Uganda-especially the work of famine and gathered 500 chil- large possibilities. Mr. Roome the Church Missionary Society. dren under mission supervision. is a British traveler and Bible We see here the contrasts be- An orphanage was started at translator and reports in these tween heathen and Christian Nowgong and is still going fifty letters what he saw on joureducation; the way schools are strong. Then a dispensary, and neys with a lad, Tefaro, through conducted, and the children who later a hospital, was opened at the Belgium Congo, Uganda, and attend; the results in training Chatarpur, fourteen miles away. Tanganyika. The yare not A f ric a n citizens, industrial The story-too briefly told-de- studies but rather chatty, runworkers, home m a k e r s, and scribes how land was secured ning comments full of interest- Christian workers. This teach- for the hospital and gives clear ing information for young peoing ministry is of great impor- evidence of the intervention of ple and others to whom the tance in order that future lead- God working on the heart of the g r 0 u n d covered is new. We ers may be adequately trained. Maharaj ah. The missionaries catch intimate glimpses of home Here is a remarkable record of have won their way and have life and mission work and occaneed and of accomplishment. made a deep impression on the sionally read thrilling incidents people. This is one of the little connected with the past. The Robert Moffat of Kuruman. By David known pieces of work which, if book is an excellent introduction J. Deane. 12 mo. 191 pp. 28. multiplied a millionfold would to a study of Central African life Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. 1932. transform the w 0 rId by the and shows how Christian mis- power of the Holy Spirit. sions are meeting the needs of The story of the Moffats in the people. Southern Africa is a missionary Any of the oo()ks not.~d in these columns will be sent by the RRvmw publishers on receipt of price.

[231 ]

The Japanese Invasion and China's Cameos of Our Lord. By Robert The Career and Significance of Jesus. Defiance. A Symposium, Edited WaltE'l' Bcll Denny. 466 pp. Nel- by Wong Chi-yuen, Director of Lee. 191 pp. 3/-net. Pickering & son & Son. NE'W York. Publicity of the 19th Route Army, Inglis. 14 Paternoster Row, Lon- and Tang Leang-Ii, Editor of the Christianity, Communism, Adventism. People's Tribnne. Paper. 80 pp. don. 1932. Alexander Stewart. 121 pp. Stock- $1.00. Shanghai. well. London. Thirty-eight picture studies of As might be expected from its The Christian Enterprise Among authorship, this is an ex parte our Lord are given under such Rural People. Kenyon L. Butter- statement. The wise reader will field. Cokesbury Press. Nashville. take into account statements by titles as "His Face," "His Head," Japanese, and particularly the Christian Unity in Practice and impartial report of the investi- "His Shoulders," "His Arms," Prophecy. Chas. S. Macfarland. gat i n g Commission of the $2.75. 396 pp. Macmillan. New League of Nations headed by "His Feet," with scripture ref- York. Lord Lytton. This is a vivid story of the remarkable achieve- erences containing pointed mes- Delivering Grace. J. T. Mawson. 222 ment of the Chinese 19th Route pp. 28. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- Army and the tragic fate of the sages of salvation. The author's don. Chinese civilian population in the zone of hostilities. style is terse and his theology is The Dark Continent. Africa: The Landscape and the People. H. A. A. J. B. delightfully refreshing in its un- Bernatzik. IlIus. 256 pp. B. West- termann Co. New York. Individual Work for Individuals. By wavering certainty. Each chap- Henry Clay Trumbull. 12 mo. 186 Infonnation and Opinion Concerning pp. $1.00. American Tract Soci- ter closes with an appropriate the Japanese Invasion of Man- ety. New York. 1932. churia and Shanghai from Sources bit of poetry or song. In the Other Than Chinese. Edited by K. More than one revival has N. Lei. 445 pp. Shanghai Bar been started through reading chapter entitled, "The Hands of Assn. 1933. these stories of personal work. The book was first published the Lord" he tells of Satan, Materialism. J. S. HaJdane. 221 pp. over thirty years ago. Dr. $2. Harpers. New York. Trumbull was a remarkable and clothed in princely garb, suddenpersistant personal worker, hav- Robert Moffat of Kuruman. D. J. ing made it a rule to speak each ly visiting a monk in his cell and Deane. 191 pp. 28. Pickering & day to someone on his or her re- Inglis. London. lation to Christ. The book will saying, "I am Jesus." Greatly be a spiritual stimulus to any Moral Man and Immoral Society. pastor, missionary or other perplexed and wondering if this Reinhold Neibuhr. 280 pp. $2. Christian. It is intensely inter- Scribners. New York. esting and suggests many prac- guest were genuine he asked to tical ways in which effective The New Life. Capt. Reginald Walwork may be done in the "one by see his hands. At this, of course, lace. 101 pp. Is. Pickering & one" method. Inglis. London. Satan fled. Then Mr. Lee fol- Elise's Sacrifice. By Norah C. Asher. Northern Baptists Re-Think Mis- 12 mo. 60 pp. 9d. lows with a pointed paragraph sions. Edited by P. H. J. Lerrigo. 128 pp. 25 cents. Baptist Board of Norman's Good Name. By M. S. on "Toil-worn hands," "Holy Education. New York. Comrie. 12 mo. 208 pp. 2s. hands," "Pierced hands," "Grav- Richmond Hill Sermons. J. D. Jones. His Mother's Book. By E. E. Green. 285 pp. $1.50. Harpers. New 12 mo. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- en hands," "Strong hands," etc., York. don. 1932. ending with the following quo- "Re-Thinking Missions" Examined. These stories are not in mod- Robert E. Speer. 64 pp. 50 cents. ern style but they have an in- tation: Revell. New York. terest for children. The first tells of a little girl and her sac- Lord, when I am weary with toiling, Three Kingdom's of Indo-China. rifice for those she loved. The And burdensome seem Thy com- Harold J. Coolidge, Jr., and Theosecond concerns a boy who dore Roosevelt. 330 pp. $3. fought to remove the cloud from mands, Crowell. New York. his good name when he was If my load should lead to complainfalsely accused of theft. The Worship in Other Lands. H. P. third relates the story of a small ing, Thompson. 167 pp. 28. 6d. S. P. G. boy who was adopted by an old Lord, show me Thy hands-Thy Westminster. animal fancier. All are easy reading, have some adventure nail-pierced hands, Lutheran Mission Yearbook-1933. and good moral teaching. Thy cross-torn hands; my Sav- 158 pp. M2. H. G. Wallman. Leipzig. iour show me Thy hands. Annual Report. American Board of These short chapters make fine Commissioners for Foreign Mis- sions. 166 pp. Boston. devotional reading for the fam- Perils of the Polar Pack. A. L. ily altar. Ministers will find it Fleming. S. P. C. K. London.

suggestive for series of studies Ramdas-Translations of Mahipati's Santavijaya. Justin E. Abbott. at the Mid-week Devotional 410 pp. Hs. 2 As. 8. Pandit God- bole, Poona, India. Service H. A. ADAIR. The Two Hundred. Frank Hough- New Books ton. Is. China Inland Mission. London. An African Pilgrimage. A. M. Chirg- win. 158 pp. ,28. 6d. Student World F.ellowslhip People. Grace Christian Movement Press. London. Darling Phillips. 105 pp. $1.00. Friendship Press. New York. An Ambassador in Bonds. The Story of William Henry Jackson. 2d Edi- The Beauty of Jesus. Gipsy Smith. tion. 83 pp. 28. 6d. S. P. G. House. 228 pp. $2. Revell. New York. Westminster.

Behind t'he Far Eastern Conflict. Joseph Barnes and Frederick V. Field. 45 pp. 25 cents. American Council, Institute of Pacific Rela- tions. New York.

Conflict in the Far East, 1931-1932. 47 pp. 25 cents. American Coun- cil, Institute of Pacific Relations. New York.

China's Foreign Relations, 1917-1931. Robert T. Pollard. 416 pp. $3.50. Macmillan. New York.

ITEMS The Indian Government honored

Wanless wit h the Kaiser-i-Hind (Concluded from 2d c01Jer.) (Empress of India) medal, in recog- nition of his public services; later Mrs. James Duguid, Jr., a field sec- King George made him a Knight Printin retary of the Presbyterian Board of Bachelor of the British Empire. Foreign Missions, has been appointed When You Require It vice-president of the Stewardship Sir William was born at Charles- Council of the Churches of Christ in ton, Ontario, on May 1, 1865, and rethe United States and Canada. ceived his early education in Canada. In 1889 was graduated from the Med- '" * ical College of New York University We wish to extend to you an invi· Dr. N. Gist Gee, the new vice-pres- and was appointed a medical mission- tation to become acquainted with ident of Yenching University, Peiping, ary by the Presbyterian Board. He THE EVANGELICAL PRESS of China, is a Methodist layman, who has will long be remembered, both in In- Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. taught in Soochow University and has dia and in America, for his devout served on the China Medical Board. Christian character, his medical and Thousands of institutions and individ- surgical skill, his Christlike spirits uals have accepted a similar invitation, *** and his energetic, effective and sacri- and have enjoyed a profitable printing ficial service. An extended account of association for years. Dr. F. W. Norwood, Pastor of City · . Dr. Wanless's life and work may be Our specialty is Books, Magazines and Temple, London is to have a year's Booklets. We have modern equipment expected in a later number of the RE- to meet all the requirements of your vacation and will leave early in July particular job. Our service is quick. VIEW. careful and courteous. to make a world tour of the mission stations of the London Missionary So- Dr. Amos R. Wells,'"honorary editor Why not allow us to estimate on your next printing? You will be delighted ciety in Africa, India, China and of The Chrwtian Endeavor World and with our product, price, and service. a pioneer leader in the Christian En- Japan. ••• deavor movement, died on March 6, at his home in Auburndale, Massachu- Dr. J. Gordon Holdcroft, has re- setts, at seventy years of age. signed as secretary of the Korea Sun- Dr. 'Wells was born in Glen Falls, day School Association and is to take N. Y., the son of Major Amos P. W. and Mary Hannah Wells, was gradup the work of the Presbyterian Board uated from Antioch College in 1883 and served there as a Professor of of Christian training in Korea and Greek and Geology before becoming The Evangelical Press will be principal of the Arthur T. editorial secretary of the Christian Endeavor movement. Pierson Memorial Bible School of Printers of He was the author of more than a The Missionary Review of the World Seoul. In this postion Dr. Holdcroft hundred books besides the annual volsucceeds the Rev. Wallace J. Ander- ume of "Peloubet's Notes on the Sun- day School Lessons." Some well- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: son, who for some years has rendered known books were "The Missionary Manual," "The Living Bible," "A Suc- Third and Reily Streets Ha:rrisburg, Pa. most efficient service to the school. cessful Sunday School Superintend- ent," and "Think on These Things." Obituary Notes ecutive Committee of Foreign Mis~ Rev. E. H. '"Jon'"es,* for thirty-five sions of the Southern Presbyterian Sir William James Wanless, M.D., Church, died February 11, at Nashfor nearly forty years a Presbyterian years an American Baptist Mission- ville, Tenn. Dr. Williams was ormissionary in India died on March 3, ary in Japan, died in Los Angeles on dained in 1871 and thirty years later in Glendale, California. Dr. Wanless December 24, 1932. Mr. Jones is still he became Secretary of Foreign Miswent to India in 1889 and during the called by some Japanese "the St. Paul sions, and traveled extensively in the thirty-nine years that he was a medi- of Northern Japan." Since retiring Orient and in South America. He recal missionary there, he treated more he has worked among the Japanese in tired from active service several years than 1,000,000 patients and restored ago. Dr. Williams was for some years eyesight to 12,000. Young medical · Southern California. Editor of The MisHionary Survey and students from all over the country '" '" Dr. John A. Savage, who served the was the author of the book, "In Four went to receive instruction from the Continents," published in 1911. "Wizard of India," as he was called. cause of National Missions in the He had the satisfaction of seeing a Presbyterian Church for forty years, The Rev. Fr*ank* K*night Sanders, self-supporting hospital and Christian died January 1, in Franklinton, N. C. church established at Miraj, where Dr. Savage was an Afro-American, D.D., former dean of the Yale Divinthere had not been one Christian when born in Liberia 75 years ago. It was ity School and more recently the presthe medical work was started. Today his pride to build up the Church of ident of Washburn College, in Topeka, the hospital is the largest mission med- Christ among American Negroes. Kan., died at Rockport, Mass., on Febical hospital in India and includes ruary 20, at the age of seventy-one. more than fifty buildings, six branch Miss Annie H*; G'"ow'"ens, for twentyhospitals, a leper asylum, two con- Dr. Sanders after his graduation valescent homes, and the first medical five years a missionary of the Presby- from Ripon College, Wisconsin, remission school in India. terian Board in China, died in To- turned to Ceylon as an instructor at ronto, January 1. She was born and Jaffna College. He was once director Sunday School educated in Scotland. Much of her of missionary preparation for the service was given to rural itineration Foreign Missions Conference of North Supplies in China. America and a former president of the Religious Education Association. Sound. sp,n'/uu/ Miss Minnie '"Cla*rke'", who served in Virginia C. Y*oun'"g, '"formerly a mis- ~'hons of/lie East Africa since 1898 under the ~1'~!~lll'II~1 ·//onrtklllnlJm7o0mhin~lJl/iot~Jj A. B. C. F. M. died at Durban, South sionary of the Protestant Episcopal Africa, January 14. She was born at Church in the Philippines, died in Natal, South Africa, the daughter of Stamford, Connecticut, on March 14th English missionaries, and was edu~ at the age of sixty-six. Miss Young • • cated in England. was one of those who helped to per- suade the savage Moros of Jolo to sub- • mit to the American Government with- out fighting. Later she started a mis- The Rev. Henry Francis Williams, sionary agricultural sehool among the D.D., Secretary Emeritus of the Ex- Moros. After her return from the Philippines in 1916 she earried on deaconess work in New York, assist- ing girls who needed friendly advice or shelter.

ARTICLES IN THE APRIL NUMBER

The Palladium of Islam ……………………… , … , ……….. S. M. Zwemer The Origin of the ld al-Adha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Richard Bell American Interests in the Near East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . James L. Barton Early North African Christianity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gaius J. Siosser A Turkish Interpretation of World History ……………………… Lee Vrooman The Y. M. C. A. in the Near East.. . ………………………. Wilbert B. Smith Spiritual Results Among Moslems in China …………………… George K. Harris From Bahrain to Taif …………………………………….. Louis P. Dame The Religious Background of the Moghuls ……………………. G. H. Schanzlin The Bulgarian Koran ……………………………………. Nalanail NaziforJ Current Topics …… Boole Reviews …… Survey of Periodicals » SUBSCRIBE TODAY Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 Filth A.enue New York City Single copies, SOc.; Annual Subscription, $2.00; in Combination with the REVIEW, $3.50 MARSHALL, MORGAN a SCOTT, 12 Pel_oster Bulldin,., London Price In Gr.el Brllein, Eishl Shlllinss, nal I THE KING'S BUSINESS Girdles the Globe . Subscribers and Contributors In Every Country In the World Stdrk pioneer Adds, isoldted misssion stdtions, crowded, disease· infected, superstition-steeped sections-to all of these THE KING'S BUSINESS ministers. It is quite naturdl thdt out from them there should come to the pdges of THE KING'S BUSINESS missiondry articles, Hdshing with power dnd luminous with dPpedl.

Around-the-World Testimonies •…Can never do without it….South Africa• ….Value it highly and keep every issue….Peru• ….Love it so much that I cannot do without it….India• ….A blessing lind an inspiration to higher service….British West Indies. ….Most helpful. I use it I srellt dell in SundlY School work in this district….Chinl.

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The Missionary Review of the World — March 1933

1933

THE . II African Appraisals of Missions SQtne African Christians Can Business Men Accept the Appraisall George Innes When the Government Forced the Issue Commodore B. Fisher The Heart of Home Missions John McDowell What Can the Church Do?

Ivan Lee Holt Pioneering in Mexico F. L. Meadows

Chat THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

The July-August REVIEW is out of DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor stock-second printing-and orders VOL. LVI MARCH,1933 No.3 are still being received. This special number on the American Indian is PAGE very much in demand and those aWll:k- FRONTISPIECE-EVIDENCES OF RELIGION IN WEST ing to its value too late are much dIS- AFRICA appointed. ' TOPICS OF THE TIMES ……………………………. 125 Do you need ft moral to adorn this Christ's Imperturbability COllnterfpit Religion in Russia tale? *' * :i: First Century Christianity To-day !'ew Opportunities in Mexico The January REVIEW is also out of AFRICAN APPRAISALS OF MISSIONS ………………… 129 stock though we printed an especially Some West African Christians tell their American brothers of the wonders accomplished since missionaries first came to the Cameroun country large' edition. Orders are coming in forty years ago almost daily and cannot be filled. A JEW APPRAISES MISSIONS IN CHINA …………….. 133 That number contains the excellent By George E. Sokolsky, press correspondent in the Far East; author of criticisms of the "Laymen's Appraisal "The Tinder-Box of Asia"

Commission Report" by Robert E. CAN BUSINESS MEN ACCEPT THE APPRAISAL? , …….. 135 Speer, Mrs. H. W. Peabody, Dr. Henry By George Innes; an Iowa layman tells why supporters at home cannot accept the basis and recommendations of the Laymen's Commission. W. Frost and others. Why not order your REVIEWS in ad- WHEN THE GOVERNMENT FORCED THE ISSUE …….. 138 vance and avoid disappointment? By Commodore B. Fisher, a missionary at Hamadan, graphically describes the struggle for Christian schools In Persia *** THE HEART OF HOME MISSIONS ……………•…….. 141 Some of the best articles are yet to By Dr. John McDowell, recently president of the Home Missions Council; come. In our April number we expect an address delivered at the oonference In New York, considering the to print Dr. Speer's very careful con- real basis and aims of the work sideration of the question, "What Is the True Attitude of Christians'to the WHAT CAN THE CHURCH DO? ……………………… 145 Non-Christian ReLigions?" 'This is one of his Princeton le'ctures on "The By the Rev. Ivan Lee Holt, D,D., pastor of the St. John's Methodist Episco- pal Church, St Louis;, ,an address delivered at the Chicago Conference Finality of Jesus Christ." on "The City and the Church In the PreSel1t Crisis" You can't afford to miss this. PIONEERING IN THE MOUNTAINS OF MEXICO, ……… 149 By F. L. Meadows, of Puebla; the story of dlIHcultles overcome In giving Mexicans the' Gospel *** CHRIST, CHRISTIANS AND THE JEWS ………………. 151 A discussion of other topics vitally By the Rev. Henry Einspruch; a Lutheran missionary to the Jews. Ex- perience and ideals in a diIHcult task related to the Laymen's Appraisal Re- THE MENNONITES AMONG THE AMERICAN INDIANS … 152 port will be considered constructively, By the Rev. G. A. Linscheid and in view of facts, in coming num- EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WOR~ING …..• .' …. , ….. : …… 153 Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison ',: bers of the REVIEW.: AIlong these are: WOMEN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN ……. _……….. 156 What Are Pioneer Mission Fields Today? What Objective Do Christian Edite!l by Miss Anne Seesholtz Missionaries Keep in View Today? OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ……………………… 158 How Can We Appraise the Value of OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF …………………….. 167 Missionary Work? Do Missions Cost too Much in Money and Life? Publication and Business Office Editorial anrl Executive Office Are Christians at home to be igno- Third and Reily Sts., HarrisbUrg, Pa. 156 Fifth Aveuue, New York City * rant 07' well informed?' , Entered as second-class matter at Post Office, Harrisburg. Pil.•i under Act of March. 3, ~879. ' , ,,' ',ii' it< 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Foreign Postage.' 50 cents a year. Another series of very well worthwhile papers to be printed in the RE- Published. monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1933 by the VIEW includes some of the addresses MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC. delivered so acceptably at "The Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies" BOARD OF DIRECTORS this winter. These include papers by Dr. Janet Miller, author of "Jungles ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MILTON T. STAUFFER Preferred"; C. B. Rape on ,"The New WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD A. L. WARNSUUIR China"; Mrs. Minnie Karnell on WM. B. LIPPHARD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER "American Immigrants and Their WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ERIC M. NORTH Needs." You will wish you had been there. ~ THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS The next bes*t th*ing* to visiting the DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITIES mission fields and attending the missionary conferences is to have the YOUR GIFT NOW fields and the speakers brought to you WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING through the pages of the REVIEW. OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN Here are a few comments by some of MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN our subscribers: INCOME FOR LIFE "I want to congratulate you on the REVIEW, its new form and contents.

They are magnificent. Keep up the good work." DR. J. P. MCCALLIE, The McCallie School, Chattanooga, Tenn. * "The Topics *of t*he Times are espe- cially good. In these days of conflict ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary 156 FIFTH AVENUE. NEW YORK with opposing forces and depression, we need the note of valiancy and hope. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

(Concluded on page 121.)

CHAT A

(Concluded from 2d Cover.) FINANCIAL You have given a trumpet call to ad- PLAN vance. DR. R. AMES MONTGOMERY, …is what hundreds of satisfied Presbyterian Theological Seminary, persons consider the annuity Chicago, Ill. agreements of the American Bible Society. Here is what *** Mrs. S. S. of California writes: "I think that the January number "The check I receive from you is of the REVIEW is about the best you much appreciated these days. Money have ever printed." is a scarce article with me but I can WM. ALBERT HARBISON, always depend on New York. my check from the American *** Bible Society."

"I hardly see how you could im- Read the enthu~ prove on the present make-up and siastic testimony of contents of the magazine–especially Mr. G.W. of North Carolina: on so restric4led an income." "1 am grateful that our American Bible Society annu- ESTF..LLA S. AITCHESON, ities afford us some security in these trying times." Granville, Ohio. Advancing years need not be feared *** when you know that this Society, "I want to express my appreciation indispensable to the missionary en~ for your magazine. Its great help of terprise, and of unquestioned fi~ condensed news for my condensed nancial stability, is behind this time is invaluable." annuity MRS. A. L. BURMAN, That Gives Editor, Women's Missionary Out- You look, American Lutheran Church.

*** Don't try to get along without the REVIEW. Recommend or send it to your friends. They need it.

*** The Foreign Missions Conference, in the Annual Meeting at Briarcliff Manor, appointed the following Missionary' Executives to cooperate with the REVIEW Editor on the Editorial Council-Dr. Wm. P. Schell, Dr. Mills J. Taylor, Miss Florence Tyler, Dr. Wm. Bancroft Hill, Dr. John H. Langdale, and Rev. Wm. B. Lipphard.

*** The Home Missions Conference, at its annual meeting, also strongly commended the REVIEW for its valuable help in presenting Home Mission interests to the church. The following members of the Conference are cooperating on the Editorial Council-Dr. Wm. R. King, Miss Anne Seesholtz, Dr. John McDowell, Dr. Chas. E. Schaeffer, Rev. J. S. Stowell and Mrs. Orrin R. Judd.

The Review keeps you informed.

*** Our Annual Meeting The Annual Meeting of the Mission- ~~.% '"l!v1 01> the assurance of a dependable income ary Review Publishing Co. was held AND as long as you live. An easy-to~read booklet in the Foreign Missions Assembly AS HIGH AS tells you all about it-the rates you receive- 9%~6~ how you help in making the Scriptures widely Room, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, ACCO~~ ",6 available around the earth-how a friend orrelative on February 9th at 3 p. m. Dr. Robert may be included – how this annuity agreement E. Speer presided. The reports of gives you a the Treasurer (Mr. Walter McDou- gall) and of the Secretary showed a Double Satisfaction greatly-improved situation compared with last year, both in finances and in i–:';R::~B~S:I~——–l the SUbscription list. There is great t -.. Ih(I reason for encuoragement. The Publication and Subscription office is re- pcPJClP !::'=-~—~?~~-~-~-m _ I fORTH,. moved to Harrisburg, Pa., in care of Bible House, Astor Place, New York City • the Evangelical Press. The Editorial ."tT~I I .. Please send me. without obligation. your booklet No. M. R. 3. entitled and Executive office remains in New York. The Board of Directors was fI A Gift That Lives." reelected for the coming year. The president spoke of some outstanding facts in mission work today; the service rendered by the REVIEW was commended and the present need and opportunities were voiced by Dr. Paul DeSchweinitz, Miss Anne Seesholtz, Mr. Dwight H. Day, Mr. Wm. Albert Harbison, Dr. Cleland B. McAfee and Dr. John A. Mackay.

[ 121]

You 'Pray Our Good Night Book. Lettice

for the Lepers? 1 223 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London. YOU BELIEVE IN PRAYER. Will you ask God to aid the multitudes of sufferers Only a Missionary. T. B. Ray. 224 from this dread disease? pp. Southern Baptist Convention. Richmond, Va. "CLEANSE THE LEPERS" was a definite command of our Master. With Divine The Pas1!>ionate Pilgrim. John Mc- guidance, medical missionaries, doctors, Neill. 197 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering and students of scientific research are & Inglis. London. carrying out His injunction and as are· suit lepers are actually being cleansed to· Dates to Remember day. The leper is no longer necessarily a doomed creature, as science has discovered March 3-'World Day of Prayer. means to eradicate this scourge. April 18-19-Editorial Council of the DO YOU EVER WISH that you had the opportunity to personally carry out Religious Press. Washington, D. C. Christ's command? While you cannot be with these pathetic sufferers, your prayers and gifts can work for you, as your representative. April 19-21-Federal Council Confer- ence on Evangelism, Pittsburgh, YOU CAN HELP the Mission to Lepers provide medical treatment, kindly Pa. care, Christian teaching, and useful occupation for lepers in 40 countries at 150 hospitals. Thousands of lepers today are devoted witnessing Christians, May 9-General Conference of the and are finding new life and hope by being brought to Christ. United Brethren in Christ. Akron, Ohio. As we approach the Easter season, with thoughts of gratitude to God for mak· ing clear to us the Living Way into the life beyond, shall we not include a May 17-General Council of the Rethank.offering for the lepers-the most needy and helpless of God's children? formed Episcopal Church, Triennial Meeting. Germantown, Philadel- See What, Under God's Blessing, a Few Dollars Will Do! phia, Pa.

$2-a blanket for a weak, sick body on a cold night. May 23-29 – Northern Baptist Con- $10-curative treatment for 2 years, enough time to cure many early cases. vention, Annual Meeting. Wash- $30-care of a child for one year. ington, D. C. $40-complete care of an adult leper for a year. May 24-31-General Council of the Congregational and C h r i s t ian Churches. Cleveland, Ohio.

May 25-General Assembly· of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. Fort Worth, Texas.

July 8-13 – International Christian Endeavor Convention. Milwaukee, Wis.

AMERICAN MISSION TO LEPERS, INC. Personal Items Room 1118·B, 156 Fifth Ave., New York I send ft.. …………………………………. ….., with my prayers, for the lepers. Dr. E. Stanley Jones, who has re- cently completed a very fruitful series Name ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. of meetings in China, has been invited Address to give half his time of each year to such work in China as he has been When You New Books doing in India. Buy Books… William Carey of India. Percy H. *** Noted in "Our Missionary Jones. 223 pp. 28. Pickering & Book Shelf," remember that Inglis. London. Rev. George Fraser, son of Dr. these can be obtained quickly Donald Fraser, formerly of N yasa- and conveniently through our Dan Crawford of Luanza. John Haw- land, and now a missionary secretary thorne. 96 pp. 1s. Pickering & in Edinburgh, has taken up mission- Book Sfore Inglis. London. ary work in Africa, the scene of his parents' long and notable service. At Third ODd Reily Streets The Church Sur:prising. Penrose Fry. Horrlsburg. Po. 96 pp. $1.25. Harpers. New York. *** Send for any book you wish. The King's Pen Knife. C. F. Higgin- Rev. Juan de Silva, oldest Baptist If you do not know the pub- son. 128 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & minister in Ceylon, has passed his lisher or price, we will look Inglis. London. one hundredth birthday, full of vigor the matter up and report and enthuiasm. As a lad he was promptly. The Man from Tarsus,. Lawrence O. converted from Buddhism by a blind Lineberger. 240 pp. $2. Revell. catechist of the Church Missionary New York. Society.

T1he Negro's Church. Benjamin Eli- *** jah Mays and Joseph William Nicholson. 321 1111.. $2. Institute Rev. John S. Chandler, veteran of Social and Religious Research. missionary of the American Board, New York. has sailed once more for India, to spend his last davs with his daughter. Native Disabilities in South Africa. a missionary. He has been retired D. J. T. Jabavu. 25 pp. Student from active service, being now in his Volunteer Movement. New York. 83d year.

[ 122 ] *** Mrs. Daniel A. Poling was elected the new President of the Council of Women for Home Missions at the An- nual Conference in January. She suc- ceeds Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, who has served effectively and devotedly in this office for two years.

Sunday

When You Require It Supplies Sound, spln-Iuo!

~slhons or/lie .nftn.If·~In'/·e·rhnvool/#flDntowl/~e/shsrwJmmm We wish to extend to you an invitation to become acquainted with THE EVANGELICAL PRESS of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

Thousands of institutions and individuals have accepted a similar invitation, and have enjoyed a profitable printing association for years.

Our specialty is Books, Magazines and Dr. Mary W. Niles, noted medical Record speed directtoYokohama Booklets. We have modern equipment in 10 days, Shanghai in 14, hy Empress to meet all the requirements of your missionary, died January 14 at Monte ofAsia and Empress ofRussia. ViaHonparticular job. Our service is quick, Vista Grove, California, at the age of olulu, Empress of Japan (largest,fastest careful and courteou,s. Pacific liner) and Empress of Canada. 78. Dr. Niles was a medical mis- Why not allow us to estimate on your sionary in China for 46 years and Low rates ••• First Class is truly luxnext printing? You will be delighted rendered notable service in Southern urious; Tourist offers generous space, with our product, price, and service. splendid cuisine, smooth service. Both China, particularly for blind chil- are surprisingly low in cost. REDUCED The Evangelical Press dren at the school in Canton, which ROUND-TRIP FARES ••• hoth classes.

she conducted from 1889 until 1928. Fortnightly sailings from Vancouver This school taught blind boys and (trains to ship.side) and Victoria. Fares girls to become self-supporting. include passage from Seattle. Fast, convenient trainA to Vancouver. Infor- Printers of Dr. Mary Gre*gg,*ph*ysician and mis- The Missionary Review of the World sionary, died December 25 at the Presbyterian Hospital, ChicagQ, as a PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: result of a fall. In 1906 Dr. Gregg Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, P •• went to Guatemala under the Pres- byterian Board of Foreign Missions.

Dr. and Mr,s. R. Gordon Agnew, During her 10 years there she estab- lished a hospital and nurses' training missionaries stationed in the West school. Owing to many attacks of China Union University at Chentu, tropical fever, she returned to Chihave announced a discovery by which cago in 1916, where she began work with the Mexicans of Chicago. decay of teeth can be warded off by Vitamin D and phosphorus in the diet. Dr. Horace N*ew*ton*Allen, diplomat This discovery is a result of ten years' and missionary, died at his home in research in 3,000 diets and experi- Toledo, Ohio, December 11, aged 74. He had been a missionary of the Presments on 350 children. Vitamin D byterian Board of Foreign Missions comes from cod liver oil or substitutes in China and KQrea, and for many and phosphorus frQm egg yokes, milk, years was American minister to Korea, to whose government he had meats, seeds, grains, tubers and leafy been commended by his medical serv- ice as a missionary, including his savvegetables. The feeding of Vitamin ing the lives of several members of D to children and enriched saliva the Korean court. He was the author by phosphorus prevented and even of several books on Korean history and life. stopped decay. Sweets only indirectly cause tooth decay. General health is a most important factor in the preventiQn of tooth decay.

Obituary Notes *** The Rev. Dr. Charles Alvord Nichols, who during 52 years as head Dr. W. H. Main, Executive Secre- of the Sgaw-Karen Mission, of the tary of the American Baptist Publi- American Baptist Foreign Missionary cation Society, died in Philadelphia SQciety, at Bassein, Burma, built up on January 4. In 1929 he was one of one of the largest self-supporting the deputation which visited the Near missions in the world, died on De- East to make contacts with Armenian cember 9 at his home in Danbury, and Greek churches. Connecticut. He was 79 years of age.

Dr. J. * ** for almost 30 In an area in Burma, containing Howard Boyd, more than 50,000 persons, Dr. Nichols increased the size of his missiQn until years a missionary of the United it had 16,000 communicants and 150 Presbyterian Board in Egypt, died churches. Buildings costing $240,000 were built and paid for by the peQple suddenly at his home in Tanta on No- of the mission, no support being vember 12, where for the past 20 sought from America. King George years his work centered in the Evan- of England presented a gold medal tQ Dr. Nichols in recognition of his serv. gelical Church. ices to the British government. *** Dr. Nichols was born at Greenfield Winfield S. Dudgeon, Ph.D., Pres- Hill, Connecticut, was graduated from byterian missionary and Vice-Princi- Colgate University, married Miss pal of Ewing Christian College, at Jennie Root, a cousin of Elihu Root.

Allahabad, India, died December 26, at Ames, Iowa.

[ 123]

EVIDENCE OF GROWTH IN A WEST AFRICA!N MISSION

Coming from a Church Service in the American Presbyterian Mission at Nkol Mvolan, Cameroun ONE DEPARTMENT OF EVANGELICAL MISSION WORK IN WEST AFRICA Learning to work in metal at the Blacksmith Shop; Frank James Industrial School, Elat, Cameroun REVIB_ ORLD —— — AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER THREE VOLUME LVI MARCH, 1933 Topics of the Times CHINA'S IMPERTURBABILITY nation somewhat better than the condition into Some Americans may find it hard to believe which they were born. Yet enough of the old that one of the most marked characteristics of racial characteristic remains, to combine with a the common people of China is their imperturb- more and more widely pervasive sense of defeat ability. Sudden alarms may drive those locally and despair, in the production of a degree of affected into incontinent flight, with or without openness to spiritual suggestion which would their limited possessions. These fugitives may hardly have been expected among a war-torn and carry the panic to the next village, but the re- bandit-infested people. Thus we find, on the one mainder of the county may not hear of the matter hand, a perilous leaning of the national leaders at all, or if it does, is likely to regard it as solely toward the conviction that the only way to make the business of the village or clan immediately and keep a place for China among the nations is affected, and go on with the humdrum of life as to learn Japan's lesson of military superiority; if nothing had happened. This is not due merely on the other hand there is a "divine discontent," to limited means of communication, but also to among the people and some of their leaders, with the age-long narrowing of interests to family and anything material or temporal as an ultimate clan, and to the inborn and inbred relegation of goal or an immediate quest.

remote interests to the few educated leaders, who The Spiritual Situation were also the "powers that be" under the im- With these things in mind, one is better able perial regime.

This accounts, in large measure, for the fact to comprehend China's present situation in reIa- that, while the outside world has thought that all tion to the Kingdom of God, and to forecast her China must surely be in turmoil and so complete- future. Her time of grievous affliction and des- ly absorbed with the pressing emergencies of her perate weakness in things material and political famines and floods, her civil wars, her bandit is also becoming her time of radiant joy and over- anti communist raids, and the military and po- coming strength in things spiritual and moral.

litical aggressions of her neighbor, as a matter And while other nations seem selfishly reluctant of fact, aside from those immediately affected, to help her national leaders in the former things, the large majority of the people have plodded so great help has already been given by Chris- along their usual course, eating any available tian missionaries in the latter things that many food, sowing and if possible reaping, buying and nationals have now advanced to a spiritual lead- selling whatever grew or could be made, and ac- ership which is bearing such fruits of repentance, cepting almost stoically the common fate. It is restitution, faith, joy and witnessing power as true that popular education, the improvement of the Church in China has probably never seen be- communications, and the multiplication of news- fore. This movement is spreading from place to papers have affected this inheritance of imper- place, from province to province, and should turbability. The students have lost it long ago constitute one of the greatest possible encour- and have gone to the other extreme under the. agements to the missionary spirit in American influence of modern social and political propa- churches. At the same time it presents to them ganda. The merchants have grown less pro- one of the most inescapable challenges to renewed vincial in contact with the world. Even some of sacrificial giving, even in these difficult times, in the farmers are awake to opportunities to im- its assurance that, whatever mayor may not be prove their lot and to make the future of the done for China by the League of Nations, there [ 125]

will be such a League of the Churches in prayer plot and vegetables and flowers from that cared and effort as to save China from the worst of all for by the child the contrast is used to impress her foes, and to make her a mighty power for the idea that God is a myth and that we must the salvation of Asia and of the world. depend on our own efforts. Apparently the It is no mere coincidence, no superficial ob- thought never occurs to Soviet atheists that man servation, which has led several prominent visi- is dependent on God's sunshine and rain, the air tors to mission lands to agree in pronouncing and the earth, without which human effort would China, even in her present plight, the greatest be in vain. Some day they may see the truth and most promising evangelistic opportunity in that God's plan is cooperation,-that fruitfulness all the wor1d. It is no time for us timidly to comes from human labor and obedience to divine "await the day of peace" before taking the Gos- laws. Without God man can accomplish nothing pel of the Prince of Peace to that great and needy that will abide.

and prepared land! COURTENAY H. FENN. Educationally and economically Russia has made great strides in the past decade but in try- COUNTERFEIT RELIGION IN RUSSIA ing to establish a godless state, Russia is a men- ace. Human energy and some heroic sacrifices As Russia starts on her second five year plan, are harnessed to achieve their ideals. These inthe Soviet leaders have declared that religion will clude an effort to end hunger; social justice and be obliterated by 1937. The worship of God there equality of opportunity; the duty of all to work will be banned; He will only be an empty name; and the right of all to enjoy the fruit of one's churches will be destroyed or turned to other labor; the distribution of property and produce, uses; children will be ignorant of the meaning with the abolition of the contrast between wealth of the name of Jesus; the Bible will be wholly and poverty. In these earnest endeavors they neglected and discredited. The statement reads, awaken our deep interest and sympathy. But as reported in the press correspondence, when Russia seeks to plant suspicion and discord On May 1, 1937, there must not remain on the ter- in the earth; when she neglects the weak and the ritory of the U.S.S.R. a single house of prayer to God, and the very conception God will be banished from the aged and destroys family ties; when she treats Boundaries of the Soviet Union, as a survival of the Middle with tyrannical cruelty those who oppose or fail Ages which has served as an instrument for the oppression to cooperate in her regime; when she deliberately of the working masses. In the first year it is proposed to suppress all religious schools. . . . In the capitals all seeks to blot out belief in God; then Russia loses churches and prayer-houses are to be closed by May 1, respect and confidence. As Dr. Ernest F. Tittle 1934. . . . The printing of religious books will be strictly prohibited. Special attention will be devoted to the incul- says: cation of the principles of "reasonable unbelief" among the In the social struggle, as in international strife, it masses, and one of the main instruments for achieving is a vain hope by war to end war….. You cannot this purpose will be the production of atheistic films. maintain a great and glowing vision by an appeal Men have made threats like this before but less to hate….. You cannot secure social justice by prac- drastic, less imminent and less official. Russia ticing injustice-you cannot reap peace by sowing has always had more religion than Christianity. strife.

That has been the tr.ouble. Under the Czars, Nor can you cultivate truth by a system of religion was a mixture of formalism and rever- spies, suspicion and falsehood; you cannot de- ence, of faith and superstition, of honesty and velop respect for law by teaching children to hypocrisy. The lack of unselfish, intelligent Chris- ignore or despise the divine Law Giver. There- is tianity on the part of the leaders of Church and no liberty in Russia today-less than in the days State led the revolutionists to discard all religion of the Czar. Dr. Will Durant, the author, says: as synonymous with ignorance and hypocrisy, "You have no conception of what the suppression with capitalism and imperialism, with slavery and of civil liberty and free speech means. Great empty form. The Russian leaders have not dis- masses of the people are ragged, miserable, dis- carded Christianity for they do not know Christ, eased, starving and cowed by fear."

His work or His teachings. They have condemned But the fight against God is the most serious and banned a counterfeit. feature of the Russian program. A Lutheran Soviet foolish tactics to discredit belief in pastor, who recently escaped from the country, God are illustrated by their anti-religious propa- describes Russia as "an inferno of blood and piti- . ganda in kindergartens and primary schools. less persecution against Christians"-worse than Children are given two plots of ground. One is in the days of Nero-since the torture of the soul called the child's plot; the other is God's plot. is added to that of the body. Christians are Both are planted with the same seed but while bravely enduring this persecution and rather than the child's plot is weeded, watered and nourished, renounce their faith undergo banishment, separa- the other is left alone to see what God will pro- tion from wives and children, and forced to labor duce. When weeds and briars come from God's in the arctic regions.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

What can American Christians do to stem the Asia and the Islands of the Pacific. Today it has tide of godlessness? With regard to Russia we been reporting success in New York, Washing- seem limited to three things: (1) maintaining a ton, Louisville, Detroit, Chicago, Montreal, Ot- vital personal spiritual life; (2) manifesting to tawa and Toronto and is now attacking the Pa- others the power of Christ to give vlctory; and cific Coast cities. What is this Fellowship? Should (3) praying individually and unitedly for the we ignore, condemn, criticize or cooperate?

Christians of Russia and that God may manifest The Fellowship-or Movement, for it moves- Himself there. presents no new sect, no new Gospel, no new theology, no new Saviour, no new remedy, no FIRST CEN.TURY CHRISTIANITY TODAY new methods. The leaders frankly state their conviction that Christ offers the only basic rem- The time is ripe for a new spiritual movement edy for personal and public ills. They advocate to bring men face to face with God. Present full surrender to His claims, complete abandonunsatisfactory conditions show that we need to ment of known sin, confession and restitution consider seriously our responsibility to live out where due, testimony to others as to what God the teachings of Christ. A sense of failure brings has done for you, regular daily Bible study and a desire for power to live, power of the Holy prayer for guidance and power, and obedience Spirit. The increase of suicides and murders, of to the revealed will of God without regard to the banditry and racketeering, of intemperance, dis- personal cost. They have adopted some new honesty and greed, of immorality and irreligion terminology to attract the attention of youth but -especially in our cities-show that the whole what they advocate is not new. The impressive world is sick. There is need for a true physician. fact is that hundreds and even thousands testify The technocrats acknowledge it; the prophets of that the remedy has actually worked wonders in the depression declare it; statesmen, peace ad- their own lives. What is more many of their vocates, social reformers, temperance workers friends and neighbors testify to the reality and and others are all looking for some remedy for value of the transformation. Their experiences, our international, interracial, national, business, as related, sound like the record of how God domestic and personal ills and worries. There worked in and through those who cooperated has recently come into prominence a group that with Him in the days of the early Church. claims to have discovered and to have success- What are some of the fruits of the movement fully applied the sovereign remedy. The prescription is nothing new, in fact the remedy is by which it may be known? While there may nineteen hundred years old. It is the remedy be weaknesses, due to the human elements, there introduced by Jesus Chri1lt and put into practice are clear characteristics of Christ-reverence by His apostles in the first century. The claims without formality, sympathy without sentimen- tality, sincerity without stern severity, obedience of this group are interesting and, if true, the without legalism, and evidences of personal peace, remedy should be immediately and universally faith, joy and unselfish service. Christ is exalted applied. Why not? . as Lord and there is experienced the love and The First Century Christian Fellowship is a power of God in human life.

movement only ten or twelve years old, though Many who have been in close touch with this its roots go further back. It is also called the Fellowship see in it signs of spiritual life and Oxford Group Movement from the fact that a power, even where they disagree with some of number of the leaders are from Oxford Uni- its principles and methods. The criticisms are versity, but must not be confused with the Ox- based chiefly on some tactics of certain human ford Movement, led by John Keble and John leaders; the apparent lack of emphasis on the Henry Newman, inaugurated one hundred years Atonement of Christ on the Cross; over emphasis ago. The members of the First Century Chris- of the need for public confession of personal sins; tian Fellowship are tired of hypocrisy and form the claims of special guidance in minute personal -as are many of us; they seek reality in reli- matters; the fashionable, "worldly," atmosphere gious experience. They have been largely re- of some of their meetings; the failure to express cruited from the youth who are weary of sham disapproval of certain habits and popular amuse- and have found no real satisfaction in self-indul- ments; a lack of emphasis on systematic Bible gence. But today the Movement includes men study; a tendency to organize separate cliques and women of all ages, classes, conditions, com- in churches or communities; and the reproach of munions, races and nationalities. It has enlisted backsliders. Many of these criticisms might be not only students but bishops and theologians, made of other .religious movements. They show professors in universities, business men, states- some of the dangers to be avoided or corrected men and bums. It has spread from America to and do not inhere in the principles and activities the British Isles, the Continent, South Africa, of the Fellowship itself.

All Christians and Christian organizations may Mexico has undergone many changes since 1928. well covet the signs of life and power seen in this At that time everything pointed to an advance move- First Century Christian Fellowship. Emphasis ment in religious affairs. Now everything points to is rightly put on the relation of the individual the destruction of religion 'or of the worship of God. to God; but it does not stop there. The second The day of missionary supervision in Mexico is praccommandment is also stressed in the need for tically gone. The Church is asking missionaries to right human relationships. What would be the enter new fields-such as Bible institutes, lecturing, effect if the new Testament ideals were realized club work among the boys and girls, correspondence in all our churches, in Y. M. C. A.'s, Y. W. C. A.'s classes, teaching and training native workers, which and other organizations? What would be the is the greatest need of the hour. effect if true Christianity swept over Europe, over Russia and Turkey, over India and China The great Guadalupe celebration ip the city of and Japan, over South America and North Amer- Mexico two years ago, at which several hundred thouica? Is there any other adequate remedy for sand people gathered to celebrate the four hundredth war, for interracial antagonism, for dishonesty, anniversary of the "appearing" of the patron saint, immorality, domestic unhappiness and personal Guadalupe, stirred the Government as nothing else failure? Are there not in this movement forces could have done. Immediately they began to enact that should be conserved and utilized? Theologi- some of the most drastic anti-religious laws ever writcal distinctions are not stressed but Christian ten on the statute books of any nation. The federal truth is accepted and the New Testament is district, which includes Mexico City and has a popuadopted as the textbook of faith and practice. lation of more than a million and a half, passed a law Laws to govern amusements are not laid down allowing only one priest or minister to 50,000 people. but all are urged to give up any practice that hin- That gave the Roman Catholic Church twenty-five ders fellowship with Christ and effective service. priests and twenty-five churches.

As the inff uence of this or any other strong It is estimated that there are at least 275 Catholic movement is felt, many will be caught up and churches in the federal district. About 250 of these borne along, like pieces of paper drawn upward have no services. While this has worked hardship on and onward by the passing of a railway train, the Catholics, it has opened the greatest opportunity but those truly attached to Christ will be carried for the advancement .of Evangelical Christianity. On on to the end. Any movement that exalts Christ the books of the government each Protestant denomias the Son of God, looking to Him for forgive- nation is put on the same level with the Roman Cathness and life, and that obediently seeks the guid- olic Church as a whole. In the federal district each ance and power of the Holy Spirit, has in it the Protestant denomination is allowed twenty-five mindivine dynamic that is needed to regenerate in- isters and twenty-five churches. There are at least dividuals, to revive churches, to transform so- ten Protestant denominations working in Mexico City. ciety, and to save the world. That gives us the privilege of having 250 ministers and 250 open churches, against the Catholics' twenty- NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN MEXICO five priests and twenty-five open churches.

Crime, war, pestilence, famine or earthquake The greatest obstacle is the article which prohibits seem to be required to direct especial attention a minister from officiating in any other church than to any particular land and people. When life the one to which he is assigned. A splendid work is runs smoothly it is not interesting to outsiders. being done by the laymen. They can speak in any But most countries have had their share of atten- church. The .seminary and training school students tion for each, in turn, has been overtaken by some are doing a very valuable work for they go out every calamity. week-end to near-by villages and touch thousands· of people with a Gospel message. Mexico was much in the public eye a few years ago. Recently she has sunk into the background, In fighting the Catholics the Government has drifted except for an occasional dispatch relating to the to another extreme. They have gone wild on educagovernment's decrees limiting the number of tion, but much of it is without civilization, taking out priests or the Papal reaction to such laws. Never- of the lives of the young a worship of God and the theless Mexico is going forward-economically highest ideals of life, giving them nothing but a heroand intellectually, if not spiritually. worship instead. They are teaching communism and anti-religion and atheism to the young, who will be "The relations between the United States and the old of tomorrow. Mexico are growing closer every day," writes J. M. Allardyce a layman of the Presbyterian The Protestant Christians include many outstand- Church (South), in The Christian Observer. He ing men for whom the Government has the highest has recently visited Mexico for the third time and regard. says: But Mexico has still a long way to go before true liberty-civil and religious-is experienced there. She has many problems to settle in the treatment of peons; in social justice; in eccle- siastical affairs; in the management of church property. Education and Christian evangelism must go hand in hand for the promotion of right- eousness, purity, peace and progress.

Appraisals of Missions*

West African Christians tell their American brothers of some of the wonders accomplished since the missionaries of the Presbyterian Church first came to Cameroun country forty years ago TET me tell you what we were like in the old sawed those logs we wouldn't make more than L days before the missionaries came to us. We about one hundred planks a month. dressed only in the leaves and the bark of Then another teacher (H. W. Grieg) arrived.

trees. We could go seven days without bathing Mr. Hope brought a machine (steam engine) to in water. I tell you we were dirty with every saw logs. When the steamer arrived with that kind of dirt, inside and ouside. Our hearts were machine, we went down to the beach to push it brimful of filth and the dirt up to Elat. That day not a of our bodies resembled a man nor a woman went to disease. The Frank Jam e s Industrial work but all came to see this Then all of a sudden we School of the Presbyterian Mis- new thing. Some looked and began to hear about Jesus. sion, Elat, Cameroun, is one of then ran with fear to hide. Our brothers from America the largest institutions of its kind came here about forty years in West Africa. It maintains When it started to work ago. The first thing we shops in which are taught car- many people ran to the bush heard was their voice call- pentry, building and cabinet mak- with fear and when the ing us to go to school. But ing; rattan furniture making; whistle "spoke" at noon the when we saw their white tailoring; blacksmithing and ma- people fled, some running skins we said, "Surely these chine shop practice; motor driv- two kilometers and some ing; shoe making and repairing; one and a half kilometers are the ghosts of those of brick making and bricklaying;. It into the forest. operates a saw mill, various kinds us who have died." We of wood working machinery, and Our teachers continued to feared exceedingly but they a machine shop where almost any teach us many things about were persistent in calling work can be handled. There were Jesus and about the trades. us and teaching us. Final- enrolled in the school last year We were very happy. We ly, we decided that they 111 apprentices, and 41 instruc- give thanks to those who were not ghosts and we tors (old graduates). In addition started the school. We give went to school until we be- there were 81 graduate men still thanks without measure,- gan to learn and really to employed in order to meet the de- and there is one man whose know Jesus. Some of us mand for buildings and furniture heart would give 2,657,899 began to try to convince our which the apprentices could not thank-yous to friends in fathers. supply alone. There were also America. 680 unskilled laborers employed They taught us the saw- during the past year. The ap- They got some wagons on ing of plank. We marveled prentices are divided among the which we pushed in the logs at that, but when we saw paid workmen in the shops. The -three or four in a day. them build a plank house up average apprenticeship is three Where we used to cut a hunon posts we said, "These years. Church membership is an dred planks in a month by people must be from God's hand, now we sawed four entrance requirement.

town to do such wonderful hundred in a day.

things." Another wonderful thing Years went by and a man arrived at Elat our school has done was when they called us to (Fred H. Hope) who said he was going to start dig a great pit about fifty feet deep. They told a new kind of school,-one where trades would us we should find water down there. We said, be taught. We didn't know what he was talking "Even if you should find water down there, how about. The few who consented to go to this would you ever dip it out of such a deep hole?"

school were teased by all the others. We played But all of a sudden they produced some pipe and more than we worked in those days. We car- some wheels and a belt, and then they put in ried the logs in on our shoulders but we wouldn't something they call "lightning" (electricity) .

bring in more than one a day. When we Then something started to shake and move some- * Quoted from The Drum Call, a paper printed in the Halsey Me- thing inside and turn it around, and all of a sud- morial Press at Elat, West Africa. den water began to flow outside. We surpassed [ 129 ]

marveling and were speechless with amazement. us many kinds of work, but teaches us cleanli- We said, "What kind of a miracle is this?" ness, and righteousness, and beauty-as witness the big church we are building now. Whatever Time passed and the missionaries said, "Come, should we have been without this teaching! we're going to build a real medicine house (hos- pital)." A crowd went up there and built a We have named our brothers of America "A whole town. The whole of Cameroun has help Spring of Blessing" because the blessings which today because of that hospital. Everyone who have come to us through them cannot be counted. goes there is cured,-except those whom the Lord takes. He takes them because He is the ruler of Not only our children, nor yet our grandchil- all, not because there is no help to be had. dren, but may be our great-grandchildren, shall have the privilege of this school! I pray that THE OLD STYLE AFRICAN HUT. WEST AFRICA you and your descendants may continue this school for I fear we shall not soon be able to care When they saw how many babies died because for ourselves. their mothers had died and there was no way to feed them, they had us build an ophan house. I Where we were like animals, now we live like tell you, my brothers, there are many babies people; where we were blind, now we commence alive today because they work day and night car- to see because of your help. 0, my brothers, ing for those orphans. what shall we say? When we think of what you have done we read Psalm 91 and Psalm 104. If Then, one day, these brothers of ours had us I tell the good you have done us, how could I bund houses in which we ourselves were to live. count? What thing can we give you? Not a Beautiful brick houses they are. We have also thing but our continual thanks without limit.

beautiful tables, beds, and chairs. * 0, but we're May God's blessing rest upon you always. I greet you with my right hand and I sign myself happy to live in these houses! All of a sudden they began to put ropes in our houses and hung The least of your friends, small bottles on these ropes. They told us there Simon Nna Nsim. was fire in those bottles. I tell you we doubted that! They said, "Well, just wait until tonight." *** When it began to grow dark and we heard that engine begin to tremble and talk, we left our Brothers across the sea, I give great thanks houses and sat in the street to watch what would because you remembered to send us missionaries happen. Suddenly, all those bottles shone all at to teach us the Words of God. one time and there wa::; much light. We wailed and marveled and sent word to all our relatives We were so ignorant! We believed that when to come and see this miracle. Many nights have a person died he turned into a chimpanzee, a passed and now we are acquainted with these lamps and we are very happy because of their THE NEW STYLE AFRICAN HOUSE-A TEACHER'S HOME help. termites' nest, an elephant, or an antelope. Now Without this industrial school we should still we know that when one dies who believes in be like the animals of the forest making no effort Jesus he goes to live a new life with God. When to become clever. This school not only teaches one does not repent and believe the Lord Jesus, he goes to Satan. • The beds are made of un planed boards. the tables and benches are of the simplest possihle construction of planed boards.-Eclitor's I thank the teachers who came to us to teach note. us the Words of God and the trades. In the old days, we did not know there was any value in a tree. We used trees only to cook our food, or to bathe in the warmth of their fire. Now, we make doors of plank, chairs of wood, tables, and beds.

I thank you for sending an engine to cut plank

AFRICAN APPRAISALS OF MISSIONS

OLD STYLE-A NATIVE WEST AFRI'CAN DANCER at first because we were told that God loved everyone. We asked, "Does He love us?" And (sawmill). The missionaries tell us the Words of we were answered, "Truly, He does." They also God and at the same time teach us such clever- told us that we were all brothers; and we said, ness as this. This has caused many people to re- "Is that really a true word that a white man can pent and to believe God. The industrial school really be a brother to a black man ?" We thought is doing a great work for God in this land of that these white men had come to us like the Africa. white traders-to get ivory and rubber.

I am glad, also, because they teach our wives. We respect these white men who come to us They teach them the Words of God and how to and ask of us not a single thing but only tell us care for their bodies. They help us to care for the Good News! our children and to keep them well. This industrial school has revolutionized our One thing I want to say to you across the tribe and made us a new kind of tribe in this land sea: Do send us more missionaries for there is of Africa. a great work here. When we saw the things which came from Greetings, across the sea, we couldn't believe that people Hermann Okoto Okano. had made such things with their hands. But now if you could see the things my brothers make *** with their hands you would say that it is mar- velous. I am surpassing glad to tell you about my life. I was like a corpse-so little did I know of the The missionary women have endured the troureal things of life. Now I am like a person who ble of teaching our wives. They have taught really lives because the Good News of our Lord them to respect their marriage, to care for our Jesus Christ has come to us from across the sea children, and to do the work of women. You through the American Presbyterian Mission. couldn't possibly know how stupid and dirty and This knowledge brings us great joy. bad and ignorant we and our wives were in car- ing for our children. Now women even know When the news of God came to us we doubted something of sewing and of the wearing of clothes, and of reading and writing. They try to keep their bodies and houses clean, and above all the women are beginning to respect marriage and to be obedient wives.

Our children were terribly dirty and full of itch. Today they are progressing in cleanliness. Itch is decreasing. Children grow and become fat.

If you could have seen us in the days when we rubbed our bodies with red powder and poured our hair full of oil you would have pitied us. I CHRISTIAN WIVES OF VOLUNTEER MISSIONARIES IN WEST AFRIOA These women and their husbands responded to the call for helpers to go to new tribes and tongues. One has gone to Bafia, three to Abong Mbong

speak truly! Thanks, great thanks for the peo- real people in this world, and we shall go also to ple you have sent us. Rewards certainly await meet our Lord Jesus with joy. you in God's town in heaven. I greet you as a friend, If this teaching can continue we shall become Solomon Enyumu Avebe.

HEALING AND TRAINING AERIOAN'.:> TO HEAL IN THE M'ISS.J()!N HOSPITAL TEACHING AFRIOANS TO TEACH IN THE MISSION NORMAL SCHOOL AT FOULASSI. CAMEROUN

A Jew Appraises Missions in China*

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY I~.­ Press Correspondent in the Far East; Author of "The I Tinder-box of Asia," etc.

I AM a Jew and should therefore abhor Chris- I plodded through this verdant field of specula- tian missions, but I ha~e lived in China. dur- tion and came upon this paragraph: ing most of my adult hfe. To the foreIgner in China, the Christian mission cannot be a mere "N0 one can study the religious life of the coun- tries of the Orient without being impressed with the question of religious affiliation, for the Christian fact that Christianity in these lands is something very mission is one of the most vital revolutionary much larger than the roll of church membership would forces in that country. indicate. Christianity has plainly outstripped the It was the impact of Christianity upon China Church. It is notable how many persons there are who have felt the attraction of the ideals and personwhich, letting loose the Taiping rebellion, opened ality and teachings of Christ and who are not enrolled the carefully erected dykes of seclusion to the full as actual members of the Church. They have never stream of 1;Vestern ideas and practices. Thus, been counted nor can they ever be counted, but no one China finds herself today attacked by six power- can fully estimate the effect of the missionary impact ful revolutionary forces, namely, the renaissance, until he takes into account the fact that there are Christianity, the social revolution, nationalism, great numbers of persons who have felt the unimagi- the industrial revolution and communism. It is nable touch and drawing power of the life of Christ the interplay of these forces upon the Chinese and who are quietly living on a higher level because people that creates that order of life there which of it."

Westerners call chaos but which in reality is only To me for more than a decade that has been the slow and constructive alteration of a huge the whole story of the Christian mission in China.

mass of mankind from a primitive (in some All else has been commentary and detail. Ques- places) and medieval (in others) civilization to tions of internal organization, of the relationship a twentieth century political, social, economic and to home boards, of the registration of schools, intellectual life. For better or for worse, unal- of the waste of money on bricks and roofs and terably Christianity serves China chiefly as one the shortage of money for brains and experts- of two or three bridges between China and the these always struck me as details in organization West. and program, to be adjusted from time to time, Whether one is a Christian or a Jew, whether to be worked out as plans are worked out among one believes in evangelical activities or not- sincere but differing human beings. It had never Christianity as represented by the Protestant occurred to me that it required so much energy missions in China must be understood and ac- and expense to appraise these things; I rather curately appraised if there is to be a sound com- thought that the Commission would worry less prehension of current China. about them and more about the usefulness of the The report of the Commission of Appraisal of Christian missionary in the remaking and re- the Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry left me building of China, in the revival of a vital per- at times breathless, for whereas I sought an sonality among the leadership of a people who understanding of the value of the individual mis- had grown stiff and sluggish and forceless sionary and his work to China, I found that that through ages of crude materialism unrelieved by was overlaid by an astonishingly exhaustive ap- social responsibility.

praisal of Christianity as a current world force. It is the role that Christianity has played in the It took me pages to discover that the answers creation of a distinctive personality that has were not to the question as to whether the Prot- made the missions so attractive to me. What estant missionary was of value to China, but matters it whether there is a large or a small rather to the tremendously more significant prob- number of churches? China will not be saved lem of the value of evangelical Christianity and as a nation by multitudes or by buildings. She its relationship to other world social and intel- requires leadership, and the Christian mission lectual forces. has done more than its share in the reorientation * Abbreviated fronl 'The Uhl'isf ian Century. of the Chinese mind from Confucian selfishness, [133 ]

as evidenced by the family system, to a social strangers, unselfishly asking nothing in return consciousness as evidenced by the effort of an in~ (not even fees for his church), providing aspirin creasingly large number of Chinese men and or castor oil, binding a wound, teaching the chilwomen to serve China in a modern manner. dren, quarreling with the local magistrate in the interest of his parishioners, braving bandits to Dr. Sun Yat~sen was a direct product of mis~ rescue the kidnaped, living in moral and physical sionary effort. The Soong family represents the cleanliness-how this contrasts with the opulent peak of the missionary influence upon personal- Chinese official or the local gentry! ity, for the father of this household, Charles Jones Soong, was himself a teacher of the Chris- It was Wen Shih-tsen, "a practical Christian" tian religion and English. Gen. Chiang Kai-shek he called himself, a physically weak man with a may have become a Methodist to please his twisted spine, who climbed Paotzeku with a mismother-in-law, but his outlook altered construc- sionary's son, Roy Anderson, to negotiate with tively after he came into direct contact with the Lincheng bandits for the release of the Chi- Christian influences and his Officers' Moral En- nese and foreign captives held there. I could cite deavor has engendered an altogether new spirit examples all over the country of the value of and attitude toward the Chinese masses in the mere contact with the simple Christian life-not armies under his control. the sophisticated Christianity of the New York theologian who thinks in terms of social doctrine, It would not be difficult to trace the effective- but the simple Christianity of missionaries whose ness of missionary influence on personality in personality enriches those whom it influences. political leadership, in education, in science with particular emphasis on medicine, and in business. If the task of the mission is to create a new Personal critical observation has forced me to personality in China as a result of contact bethe conclusion that the Christian missionary's tween Chinese and Christian types, then it is of principal task is character building and the re- advantage to China that the Christian missionary sults of his work can be measured only in an should continue to come to that country and in analysis of the type of individual produced under increasing numbers. It is true that there are Christian influences. All other measures of ef- Chinese Christians who are ready to take over fectiveness are unrealistic and meaningless. the administration of churches and schools. Such men as Dr. C. Y. Cheng, Henry Fowler, L. T. If this is the measure, then it is impossible to Chen, David Yui, T. Z. Koo, Chang Po-ling, T. say that the missionary has failed. Furthermore, T. Lew and many more are quite capable of doit is not necessary to make the fine distinction ing any job that any foreigner can do. It is not, between the prophetic genius who moves masses however, for that that the missionary should by his intense oratory, and the simple person come to China. He should come just to be there. who settles in a village to work among the people. He should come as a living example of the self- Many of those homely persons, so severely criti- less life. He should come as an interpreter of cized by the Laymen's Inquiry, serve effectively the Western assumption of social responsibility in character building by their direct contact and to a people who still live, on the whole, in stark example. The presence of a missionary in a Chi- individualism. nese city, far from his own people, serving RESULTS OF THE GOSPEL IN INDIA During century after century, many gods, many castes, illiteracy, and disunion made India a weak and helpless country. But the Gospel of Jesus Christ is removing these hindrances and obstacles, and is preparing India to take her rightful place among the na~ tions of the world. The love of Jesus Christ-even though it is not always acknowledged -is binding the people in a new fellowship and is setting India in the way of becoming a strong nation.

Christianity is discrediting the caste system. Christianity is uplifting the depressed classes. Christ is removing illiteracy. Christ is creating a new spirit of brotherhood. The Church in India is bringing into Christ's fold the outcaste and depressed classes, as well as to the higher castes. From Brahmans to Shudras they come to worship one God, in one faith, and in one hope. Here is India's greatest hope for national unity.

-GULZARI LALL LORENZO in The Christian Advocate.

Business Men Accept the Appraisal?

Views of a Business Man who has visited the Mission Fields and has helped finance many Mission Enterprises _.•..at By GEORGE INNES, Bettendorf, Iowa A FRIEND sent me a book, the title of which but there never was an instance of such solicita- was "Re-Thinking Missions-A Layman's tion and response where the religious aspect was Inquiry." Being a business man and in- absent from the conversations. In every instance, terested in missions those two titles appealed to so far as I can recall, the money was given because me. Just inside the cover was a list of seven of a genuinely evangelical and deeply religious groups of Directors of the Inquiry, representing motive. In these years during which the foreign seven denominations, five names in each group. missionary enterprise has grown from small pro- Among those thirty-five men there are seven with portions to its present scope and power, I have whom I am acquainted-six business men and one known many business men who, as well as giving a lawyer. It was plain that none of these friends money, gave their sons and daughters. I have met had taken part in the inquiry or iR writing the these men in their offices and homes, at their fambook, but their association with it caused me to ily and church altars, and none were out of symread the book with greater interest. pathy with the New Testament message. None would have wished their money or their sons or The charm of the literary style of the Report daughters committed to a different message. both pleased and puzzled me. The reasoning was clear and skilful. It was evidently not written The first time I met the late William E. Conroy by business men. My business friends who are of Pittsburgh, was nineteen years ago. We had interested in missions not only could not have a brief visit in his office. The missionary cause written a book with such excellence of literary was presented and very explicit assurances were style, but their philosophy would have been dif- required and given that earnest and unremitting ferent, their logic would have been less subtle, emphasis would always be placed upon the Chris- and their style would have been more simple and tian character of the message. While it was an direct. educational institution we were discussing, it was Furthermore, they could not have written the understood that the sole motive of the founders book: First, because its theological views are not was that it would be outstandingly evangelistic.

those held by any group of business men I know, I assured him that great care had been and would who are sufficiently interested in missions to ex- be taken to guarantee that its Christian character press themselves upon the subject. Second, they would be soundly evangelical. Mr. Conroy gave would not have ventured to set up a theological $500 that day and each year for many years sent and doctrinal hypothesis so greatly at variance a like amount. I was in Mr. Conroy's home a with the historical Christian missionary message. short time before he died and he told me that he I wonder why the authors of this book did it! I had planned for that cause in his will. When his could name five hundred business men, with whom property was distributed that particular educa- I have acquaintance in sixteen states from Kansas tional institution received $100,000. In the winter eastward, who are interested in and support mis- of 1916 I went to the office of a manufacturer in sions. I am convinced that four hundred and Cleveland. I had never met him before. The con- ninety of them would not subscribe to the doc- versation did not dwell upon the subject of mis- trinal position of the book. I feel free therefore sions, although he understood that it was that to say that business men could not and would not cause that brought me there, but we talked of our have written this book. mutual appreciation of the uniqueness of Jesus as I have asked in the past twenty years many our Saviour and Lord. He gave me a very gen- business men to help missionary enterprises, in- erous sum of money to be used in foreign missions, cluding educational, medical, evangelistic and in- and the key to the gift was the uniqueness of dustrial effort. Many tens of thousands of dollars Jesus.

were given for missions, because I asked for it, At a hotel in the pine woods in New Jersey [135]

twenty-two years ago I first met W. S. George, a heal people from a religious motive? Is it con- manufacturer from East Palestine, Ohio. We sistent in missionary practice, in view of Scrip- were there several days together and talked a ture teachings, to recommend the separation of great deal about foreign missions. I found him healing the sick and saving the sinner? Can the very companionable; a very keen and capable Church carry to the mission field the science of business man with a brilliant mind, and a very healing and offer it as a thing apart from the great heart. I never knew a man who had a Christian Gospel? Can man "live by bread alone?"

firmer conviction, that Jesus, when He saved him, There are sicknesses that are clearly the result of had worked a miracle. In later years he made sin. Is it honest to heal that sickness and not deal many gifts for hospitals, colleges and evangelistic with the cause? Has not the patient a right to work in foreign fields-$20,000 here, $30,000 know how he can remove the cause? The physical there, $10,000 to another place-and I think he healing alone will not remove it. How is the phy- never made a gift without praying with the one sician going to show the patient what Power can through whom the gift was made, that the result overcome the temptation to sin, which caused the would be that souls would be saved. sickness? Can he avoid feeling responsibility, I could tell of many others who were influenced prescribing the remedy that will remove the guilt by the same motive-Percy L. Craig of New that is on the spirit, as well as the responsibility Castle, David C. Wills of Cleveland, James L. Wil- for removing the deadly virus that was in the son and Fred and George Shane of Philadelphia, flesh? What Christian physician would be content E. E. Olcott of New York. These business men to spend his life in India only to heal a few sick all have passed beyond but their works are fol- bodies when he might do much more? Are any lowing them from abroad. A long list could be of the missionaries whom the Appraisal says are made of such men, all of whom carried and carry weak, as weaJ<: as that? If we could add together their missionary interest and passion because they the years that Christian doctors have spent in believe that the name of Christ is above every their work of healing, because of the constraint other name and that He is the only Way to God. of their Christian consciences, these years would Let us ask again, for it is not an easy thing to run to milleniums. This wonderful science has comprehend, Why did these laymen who wrote been developed through their devotion not only to "Re-Thinking Missions" imply that there is any the cause of science but to God. What do these other way? names mean over the doors of hospitals in Amer- Evangelism and Healing ica: St. Lukes, Good Samaritan, St. Barnabas, This is not intended to be a critique on the book. Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist, Congregational, The writer simply intends to set down a few ob- Lutheran? They mean that healing and religion servations. We have raised the question: why it are interdependent. They are not things apart. seemed necessary to the success of foreign mis- But if those who give the money to build and supsions to have other than the New Testament mes- port the hospitals in India, China and Japan do sage as its message. Next we would state our not wish these hospitals to be evangelistic, then belief that hospitals should evangelize, and by they need not be. But those who want to change very positive and direct methods. "Which is the purpose and plan of hospitals that have been easier, to say to the sick of the palsy, Thy sins built as Christian missionary enterprises should are forgiven, or to say, Arise and take up thy bed, in common honesty be willing to reimburse donors and walk?" Not until the spirit of the Great who have established them with that end in view.

Physician had so permeated the minds and hearts What About Mission Colleges? of men, were they able to develop the science of healing to its present glory. Not until His spirit Does anyone know a mission college or school came into control were men willing to make the or university that was not originally established sacrifices necessary so that yellow fever, typhoid, with an evangelistic purpose? All the colleges smallpox, sleeping sickness and other plagues and universities with which we are acquainted which took a toll of millions of lives could be al- were built with that purpose prominently in mind.

most abolished. Men willingly and consciously I solicited a large part of the funds that financed courted death in order that pestilence would be the opening of one university on the foreign field.

banished not only from Christian lands, but from When it was being organized I went to the field all other lands as well. and in a national gathering of the missionaries, While our Lord made it plain that not all sick- gave them definite assurances that we would make ness was punitory, yet He clearly taught that sin every effort to insure that the university would and sickness have a very definite connection. be and remain both evangelical and evangelistic.

What other religion really deals with the sin ques- Everyone who was active in securing support for tion? What other religion leads its followers to its establishment intended that it should be defi-

CAN BUSINESS MEN ACCEPT THE APPRAISAL?

nitely and aggressively Christian and that it Japan who was angry at the one who led them to should continue so. The money was given because Christ? Most of us could name the person who such assurances were made. In these assurances proselyted to our eternal good when they led us to our minds met in a common understanding that accept Christ and join His Church. No doubt we "In none other is there salvation; for neither is resisted at the time, and may even have thought there any other Name under heaven, that is given they were meddlesome but we do not think so now. among men, wherein we must be saved." If there- Few of us would have found and followed the way fore, in this or any other similarily conceived edu- of faith without the aid of some minister or Suncational institutions, there is to be a change away day school teacher or parent or friend. Will these from the evangelical Christian character and people over in Asia ever find the way alone? evangelistic purpose, then those who gave their Business men see no way for advancement if we money to establish it, should at least have their are not permitted to urge people to a decision. money refunded. We see the whole program of progress wrapped up in the principle of making a new and better Should We Proselytize? article and then urging its acceptance as force- fully and by as many means as we truthfully and Jesus proselyted-if we mean by that an effort honestly can. All advancement in life is ordered to lead a man to change his views. He told Nico- that way-commercial, political and social. We demus plainly that he must undergo a change and urge and persuade men to believe in and accept be born again. He made a skilful but very direct the thing we think to be the best. We proselyte approach to the woman at the well to lead her to in the best sense. a change of belief and of life. He was very thorough with the rich young ruler and he pointed him I doubt if the business men who have, or will to a new and very rugged path. support the missionary program would long be interested in any program that is not partisan for It is hard for business men to believe that mis- Christ. As a matter of fact we have no such opsionaries or the laymen who wrote the book have tion. It was never delegated to any man or men found a better way than the one pointed out by to choose the missionary message or missionary Jesus Christ. Naturally non-Christians in China objeetive. The enterprise received its charter and or India or Japan will criticize anyone who tries its content from that never repealed mandate of to influence men to leave an old way for a new. the Son of God Himself: "Go ye into all the world They do that in America. Did the laymen find and preach the gospel to every creature." any warm-hearted Christian in China or India or "THE BANKS ARE ALL DOWN ON EARTH"

By S. D. GORDON, Author of "Quiet Talks on Service"

Here is a man who gets through his life down on the earth and goes out into the other life….. Here he comes up to the gateway of the upper world. He is lugging along a farm or two, some town lots and houses, and a lot of beautifully engraved paper-bank stocks and railroad bonds and other bonds.

As he gets up to the gateway the gateman will say: "What's all that stuff?" "Stuff?" he will say, astonished. "This is the most precious wealth of earth, sir! I have spent my whole life, the cream of my strength, in accumulating this." "0, well," the reply will be, "I have no doubt that is so….. But that sort of thing does not pass current up in this land. That has to be exchanged at the bankers' offices for the sort of coinage we use here." The man looks a little relieved at this last remark. The other talk has sounded strange and given him a queer misgiving in his heart as he listened. But "banker" and "exchange" -that sounds familiar. The ground feels a bit steadier. He picks up new spirit. "Where are the bankers' offices, please?" he asks eagerly. "They are all down on the earth," comes the quiet answer. "You must do your exchanging before you get as far up as this. That stuff is all dead loss now. You can't take it back to the bankers now, and it is of no value here. Just leave it over on that dump heap there outside the gate and come in yourself." And the man comes in with a strangely stripped and bare feeling. What we get and keep for the sake of having, we los~, for we leave it behind. What we give away freely, for Jesus' sake, for men's sake, we will find by and by we have kept, for we have sent it on ahead.

the Government Forced the

Facing the Problem of National Control of Mission Schools in Ramadan. Persia By COMMODORE B. FISHER, Hamadan, Persia ~._ –. -.. . . . . – – . . " . Missionary of the. Presbyterian _Church, U. S. A. _._.~.. .~~ ~…. -~,=.

(In Persia more than a dozen mission schools have been tians and non-Christians sent protest after proclosed by the Government orders which prohibit all. fore~gn test to the Ministry of Education in Teheran and elementary and primary schools of whatever natwnahty. they discussed with one another how best they So far, only the Ramadan Church Committee has m~d~ a could guarantee the continuation of such schools successful attempt to continue the work of the Chrtsttan as the mission had established.

mission schools.) T HE Persian Ministry of Education took Finally in the following April, official permis- special steps in 1927 to create a uniform sion was received from Teheran to reopen the educational system throughout the whole schools on condition that they obey Government country. All schools were required to secure regulations, which were finally modified to omit the Koran and Moslem law and to permit the special Government permits and to conform to a teaching of ethics to all students. Moslem stu- uniform curriculum, hours of instruction and dents were required to take the official examina- official examinations. All Moslem students were tions on the Koran but the mission schools were to be taught the Koran and no other religious not required to teach it.

teaching was permitted. The mission schools in When the schools were reopened most of the Hamadan received an order demanding complete subjects were taught in Persian instead of Eng- conformity to the Government regulations other- lish, and from necessity the curriculum became wise they would be closed. This meant that in- more like that of Government schools. In the stead of the Bible, the Koran must be taught to absence of a creditable Government program of all Moslem students. The mission replied that education, the school constituency had grown up since the schools had been originally founded for to believe that an imported American program children of Christian parents, the Moslem stu- with English was better than the Government's dents (more than half of the enrollment), would imported French program with emphasis upon be excused from attending the schools. Persian. Now it was discovered that ability to The excused students besieged the offices of the pass the Government examinations was essential.

Department of Education, which at once sent.a Only here and there were complaints made that special messenger to Teheran. As a result of hIS the standard of English had been lowered.

representations of "this insult to the dignity of The alumni of the mission school were encoureducation," the local Department of Edu~at~on aged to elect an advisory committee which ren- received a telegram ordering that the mISSIOn dered valuable service. This experiment in ad- schools in Hamadan be closed. Accordingly, on justing the program of the mission schools to December 18, 1927, the schools were officially the Persian way of doing things convinced the closed and continued so for more than three missionaries that it was wise to set up a Persian months. Christian Committee, rather than to form one This "calamity" forced the missionaries to do under pressure when face to face with the issue a lot of thinking; better still, it forced the Chris- of national control. In August, 1931, the consent tian and non-Christian friends of the schools to of the Persia Mission of the American Presby- think and act. As long as things had run smooth- terian Church was secured to the following recly and their children had been acceptably edu- ommendation: cated there was little incentive for these friends Believing that the time has come to turn over a to exert themselves. But the closing of the mis- larger degree of responsibility for our educational sion schools revealed the weakness of the for- work to the Church, we recommend that the annual eigner's plea to be permitted to "serve" on his meeting authorize Ramadan station to turn over for a own terms. Numerous meetings were held with period of two years to a joint committee of the local Persian nationals, students and teachers. Chris- churches, the management of the Boys' School, to- [138 ] gether with the school's annual appropriation from the mittee: "Since he knows how everything should Board and such missionary service as the station shall be done and is here to do it." assign to the school. The committee shall conduct necessary negotiations The committee rendered valuable assistance, giving unstintedly of their time, choosing the with the Department of Education, choose the prin- commencement speakers, and setting the date and cipal and treasurer of the school, employ the teachers, hour for the exercises. They chose the teachers fix tuition rates and have general oversight of the for the coming year, fixed their salaries, apschool. The committee shall consist of eight nationals proved the budget and assessed the tuition rates and two Americans. It shall begin to function as soon of all the students so as to CQver it. as constituted and shall assume full responsibility at During the summer of 1932 there were rumors the close of the school year 1932.

In transferring the direction of the school, it is of an impending Government order closing all understood that the school shall be open to pupils of foreign primary schools. Though the missionall nationalities without distinction and that the Christian purpose for which the school has hitherto stood aries in Hamadan had been far-sighted in their of training Christian children and evangelizing non- efforts to develop a national school committee, Christians shall be maintained and that it shall be the they were hardly prepared for the following aim of the school to carry out this program to the order which was delivered to every foreign school fullest extent possible within Government restrictions. in Persia: The Board of Foreign Missions also gave ap- In view of the fact that the Government has decided proval to this recommendation. The next step that the elementary teaching for the Persian stUdents for Hamadan station was to select the national in all the country should be limited to the Persian schools, therefore it is necessarily announced that committee. As a result of conversations with starting with the coming year, September 7, 1932, the leading church members, two Armenians and acceptance of a student who is a Persian subject in all two Assyrian Christians, two Jewish converts the elementary classes of your school is entirely forand two Persian Christians, together with the bidden. Also, all the students who are Persian sub- jects and who have been studying in your elementary two missionaries in charge of the Boys' School, school classes in the previous years should not be were asked to serve as a school committee. One accepted in your school as from September 7, 1932. by one they sent in their written acceptances, It is obvi{)us that the elementary classes connected eloquent testimony to their willing spirit. In with the Middle School classes are affected by this January, 1932, the first meeting of the school law. (Translation of the American Legation.) committee was held. Unwittingly the church in Hamadan had been Since no organization was back of this in- in a measure prepared to make the most of just digenous committee, the members were chiefly such an order. Immediately the school commitconcerned as to the nature of their responsibili- tee was notified that, officially, the mission could ties, especially financial. They were eager to dis- have no further responsibility for primary cover the motive that lay behind this new policy education. of the mission and expressed the fear that this might be an entering wedge to separate them The national committee reorganized, this time from the benefits of mission teachers and foreign one hundred per cent Persian, and sent a repreappropriations. It had been evidenced that the sentative to Teheran to secure permission to conschool would have to raise its standard from ten duct two primary schools. Meanwhile the other to twelve grades to meet requirements for stand- members and numerous friends who realized how ard high schools; otherwise it must be reduced much had been done for the community by the to a primary school. The national committee schools during the past fifty years, worked nobly realized their financial inability to raise the to create a demand for their continuation.

standard of the school; but they did not relish In three weeks the committee secured tempobearing the onus of reducing it to primary grade. rary permits and with inadequate equipment the Perhaps this was the chief reason why, at this primary schools for boys and for girls were first meeting of the committee, the nationals re- opened on September 15. One of the members of fused to organize, though they professed a will- the committee was made principal and after nu- merous conferences the city Health Officer was ingness to act in an advisory capacity. A few weeks later the church proposed an ex- persuaded to fill out the official applications for change of sites with the school. It was pointed permits for the two schools. The local Departout that the mission would more favorably con- ment of Education approved these applications, sider this request if the church school committee forwarded them to Teheran and promised to acwould organize and recommend the transfer. cept the students for the official examinations.

This led the nationals to meet and organize as a One hundred and eighty boys have been en- school committee. Their first act was to elect rolled in the boys' school, as many as were for- the missionary principal as chairman of the com- merly in the mission school, and the girls number

170, which is more than in previous years. Tui- such varying opinions and temperaments that it tion receipts cover current salaries except that is a continual wonder how they can work together of the superintendent. The church session voted at all. When they were unwilling to undertake a subsidy to cover the cost of fuel, repairs and the larger things they were encouraged to direct summer salaries. the smaller things, and were permitted to really The boys' middle school also enjoys an in- direct them. Until the committee is willing to creased enrollment of almost 40%. This may be accept responsibility, it is mutually beneficial to partly attributed to the backing that has come have them act in an advisory capacity. Most from a strong national committee and partly to committees are as reluctant to assume responsi- the promised addition of two more classes which bility as are the missionaries to give it. Natural will enable the school to meet the requirements modesty, a feeling of incompetence, respect for for a standard high school. The establishment of the missionary and his accomplishments, and per- strong church primary schools will ensure a haps primarily the fear of offending and so losing steady stream of students to continue on through the benefits of the missionary enterprise, account the middle schools under Christian influences. for this reluctance. Under the best of circum- Throughout Persia, in addition to many Rus- stances it is a delicate matter to shift responsi- sian and French schools, more than a dozen bility. It is easy to offend and cause ill-feeling flourishing mission primary schools have been that will not be conducive to a real spirit of co- completely wiped out by a Government order. operation. It may be too soon to say that the With the exception of Hamadan, the Christian closing of the mission schools is a blessing to the communities have not been able to take care of . church in Hamadan, but certainly it cannot be their own children who are now scattered among said that it is an unmixed evil. Perhaps it is a other schools, Moslem, Jewish, Armenian, Cath- fortunate event when the Government forces the olic and Bahai. issue and makes the church take the final step!

What Do We Learn? Third: We have become convinced that an in- stitution must not become an end in itself. There First: The experience in Hamadan seems to is no direct ratio between the size and the per- show that it takes more than the work of an in- manent contribution to the community. The stitution to challenge the vital interest of na- school work in Hamadan has been kept simple tionals. When the educational welfare of the and comparatively small. The school program community is properly linked up with its religious was thoroughly Persianized so that the nationals interest there develops an element of perma- could comprehend it. This created a favorable nence. Transient interest wanes as soon as a spirit on the part of the local Department of Edu- committee member's children are educated. The cation and other officials which has been of value church gives the sense of security and backing to the school committee. There must be a con- that any committee has a right to expect, and tinual effort to instil into the people the fact that without which it is impossible to secure perma- the work is theirs and that the missionaries are nent results. No mission institution can guar- only temporary helpers in this common task. If antee its own perpetuation nor make a lasting the work has been carried on somewhat as the contribution to a community unless a church is nationals themselves would carryon, it can be developed which will assume the responsibility transferred quietly and easily without upsetting for carrying on such an institution when the for- the regular work.

eign element is removed. In conclusion, any task which challenges the Second: It is evident that committees must be best that is in a church will become a great bless- developed, not simply chosen. Regardless of ing to that church. Confusion and death await hesitancy and possible incompetence, a church any institution whose end is its own development.

committee must be cultivated rather than mis- If the Hamadan Church succeeds in saving its trusted. The men who compose the Hamadan schools, this very responsibility will assure its committee are not extraordinary. They are of continued life and growth.

A MAN WITH A PASSION It is reported that Dwight L. Moody traveled a million miles in the course of his ministry; that was in days when speed was not as now. He addressed over one hundred million people; personally prayed and pleaded with hundreds of thousands of inquirers; spoke and worked with an enthusiasm that set 'On tire his coworkers as few have done since. He had a passion for saving souls. He took Jesus Christ so seriously that He was in fact the major passion of his life. Mr. Moody was a tireless, impassioned, personal worker for his Lord and Saviour, who scarcely let a day pass without speaking to some one concerning the great theme of salvation.

Heart of Home Missions*

By the REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D., New York ..- ~ Recently President of the Home Missions Council,. Secretary of the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian I Church, U. S. A.

W HATEVER the present conditions in the What, then, is the essential character of Chris- United States and Canada may mean to tianity according to the New Testament? By other organizations today, there can be "essential" we mean that without which Chrisno doubt about what they mean to the missionary tianity is not Christian. Fortunately the New agencies in these countries. They mean at least Testament is not silent nor indefinite on this vital three things: question. It is clear and positive and consistent.

1. A challenging opportunity to affirm their be- The writers insist that Christianity is not mere lief in home missions in terms discovery of a few devout seek- of the Christianity of the New ers after truth, or a brilliant Testament. Is our Christian work in invention of a gifted young 2. An imperative demand to America and elsewhere based Jew of Nazareth, who in a mo- on solid, enduring founda- ment of spiritual exaltation put first things first in the tions? Is the Church alive dared to think of God as His home missions enterprise. or dead? The pioneering Father and man as His brother days in Home Missions have and who died a martyr's death 3. An inescapable responsi- passed and with them have in loyalty to these convictions. bility for the projection of a united, cooperative program which will eliminate the waste gone much of the sacrifice Nor is the Christianity of of spiritual energy and of con- and passion. What will the New Testament an induc- secrated money. bring success to the cause of tion reached by the study of We are under peculiar ob- Christ in America, and in the reverend and profound minds, ligations to give serious at- world? What are the proofs gathering a truth here and tention to each of these vital that Christianity will be there from the religious ideas subjects. We cannot blind of Egypt, India, Greece and victorious?

our eyes to the present situa- Rome. The New Testament tion and to the demands which asserts that Christianity in its are growing out of it. The hope for the nations essential character is a distinct and definite reve- and for the world is to get Christianity under- lation-a message from God Himself-making stood, accepted and embodied. known to men that which they can absolutely de- The Challenging Opportunity pend upon and which they could not find out by their own natural and unaided faculties.

Let us first of all frankly and fearlessly face Of course, every religion purports to be more the challenging opportunity before us today. The or less of a revelation. Both the Old and the New future of the missionary enterprise, in the last Testament remind us that "God has not left him- analysis, will be determined by the type of Chris- self without a witness." Our claim for the Chris- tianity upon which it is based. Hence it is im- tian message is not, therefore, unreasonable in portant for us to settle at once this question itself or peculiar. But the New Testament goes which in recent days has again been opened. The further and insists that Christianity in its essen- missionary enterprise from the beginning has tial character is a distinct revelation of God in been based on the Christianity of the New Testa- and through a Person, and that Person is Jesus ment. Again and again when the right and place Christ, the Son of God, the Son of man, the Sav- of the enterprise has been questioned, we have iour of the world. Apart from Christ, New had to turn to the New Testament for its final Testament Christianity has no distinct message, justification, as the only authentic record of the no saving power, no inspiring ideal, no assured facts and truths upon which Christianity is hope, no abiding joy. Eliminate Christ from New based. Testament Christianity and its essential char- • An address delivered at the Home Missions Conference In New acter disappears, its words are empty, and its York, January, 1933. vitality and reality vanish. Bereft of the irre- [141 ]

sistible spell of its Founder, Christianity would in the Christianity of the New Testament is not pass into an intellectual and ethical theory. It Jesus' teachings, however superior, but the Spirit would cease to be a religion and become just an- of His life; not interest in an ethical code, but other of the many philosophies of the ages. Take loving and obedient discipleship. Christ out of history, and the Face of God, the Father, suffers an eclipse. We agree with Dr. Henry Van Dyke when he says, in his "Gospel for an Age of Doubt": In these days, however, there is a serious and sustained attempt to discount the place of Christ It is certain that this age of ours, with its ruthless, in Christianity. We are told that "God's relation critical spirit, with its keen historic sense, will never to man would be simple enough if Jesus Christ respect the intelligence, though it may acknowledge had kept out." We need to turn again to the old the goodness, of a man who professes to speak in the record of the Christianity of Christ and there name of Christianity, without proclaiming as the core learn that Christianity when true to its essential of his message the Divine Christ. To imagine that character, as revealed in the New Testament, is we can adapt our preaching to this age of doubt by not a discovery or an invention, nor yet an in- weakening, concealing or abandoning the truth of the duction, but is a clear and definite self-revelation deity of Christ is to mistake the great need of our of God in and through Jesus Christ. times. It is to seek to commend our gospel by taking away from it the chief thing that men want, an as- This makes Christianity more than a system surance of sympathy and kinship with God. of ethics, though it has revolutionized ethics; more than a method of worship, though it has Let Us Put First Things First given a new character to worship; more than a philosophy of life, though it has given philosophy, In the second place, let us face with equal itself, a new interpretation and application. In frankness the imperative demand growing out of its final terms, the Christianity of the New Testa- the present conditions, which is that we put first ment is a revelation of a new life, founded on the things first in the missionary enterprise. Never following historic facts: "that Christ died for was there an age that asked more earnestly than our sins, according to the Scriptures; that he our own that we Christians proclaim our meswas buried and that he arose again the third day, sage, or confess that we have no message to proaccording to the Scriptures" (1 Cor. 15: 3-4). claim. The men of our day want to hear the man Take these facts away and you rob Christianity who has a message and who is ready to proclaim of its essential character. You make it merely a it fearlessly and honestly at all times and in all message of "good advice" rather than a message places. We make a mistake when we conclude of "good news" to a sinful, sorrowing, suffering that the people do not want a definite and posiworld. tive Christian message. That is just what they do want and are willing to hear. The people are In the light of this teaching and in the light saying to their spiritual leaders and teachers toof the facts of today, Christianity assumes a mo- day, just as they said to Moses: "Go thou and mentous significance for all missionary enter- hear all the Lord, our God, shall speak unto thee, prises. If missions are to retain their place and and we will hear it and do it." power in the life of the world, they must hold fast to the great historic facts and truths con- What men want now is the essential message cerning Christ essentially as they are narrated in of Christianity translated into the thought forms the New Testament, and also to the great spir- of present-day life. They want this message deitual fact that in the God whom Christ has re- livered with moral and spiritual authority so that vealed to us there is abundant forgiveness for all it will grip and command the mind, the conthe past, motive power for all the needs of the science, the will, and the heart. The people are present, and assurance of abundant life for the hungry for the great spiritual verities of religion. future. Anything less than this is not true to They are tired of doubts and speculations, and the essential character of Christianity as given abstract theories. What they are asking for toin the New Testament, nor will it satisfy the ele- day is not more sermons, but more soul messages; mental spiritual needs of the individual or of not more services, but more spiritual life; not human society. more ceremonies, but more Christlikeness of character. Men want a message today that will What makes Christianity a triumphant religion catch the ear and change the heart of the sinner, is not its law of love, but its love of Jesus. The win the mind of the scholar, and satisfy the soul heart of Christianity-that which gives it cre- of the saint. Only one message will do that-the ative power, which sends out missionaries, which Gospel of Christ, which is the essential message saves sinners, which builds churches, which pro- of Christianity, the proclamation of which is the duces character and enriches civilization-is not primary function of missions when they are true a precept but a personality. The supreme thing to New Testament Christianity.

In these days when home missions are called

THE HEART OF HOME MISSIONS

upon to do so many things, and to be so many Scripture, history, and experience unite in saying things to the community, all of which are impor- that home missions exist primarily to lead men tant in their place, we do well to go back to these to repentance, to give them faith in God, teach early records and remind ourselves that accord- them high ideals, to equip them with motive ing to this Commission the primary task of all power: in a word, to make men open and loyal Christian missionary agencies is not vague and disciples of Jesus Christ.

indefinite, but real and definite, that it is nothing While home missions will not adopt any of the less than to be a living witness to Christ and for socialistic programs, they must be the exponent Christ in every community. and agent of the social impulse for human better- While home missions have other functions ment. We must hold fast to all that is good in which are of great value to the community, even the past, appreciate all that is better in the pres- these, apart from the primary function of home ent in order to establish the rule of God. In other missions, will sooner or later disappoint the com- words, home missions must embody the backward munity and be discounted by the people. The look, the receptive mind and the forward push.

ideal for every home missionary agency ought to To accomplish this high purpose home missions be a saved soul in a saved body, living in a saved must excel all other forces on the field by the ef- community. Home missions will succeed in pro- fectiveness of its methods, and in the wisdom, portion as they win the affection, confidence, sup- power, and spirit of its representatives. The port and loyalty of the people by doing their primary need is not more ecclesiastical authority, work, by witnessing to and for Jesus Christ. more equipment, more money, or more men, but Apparent success on any other basis, political, more of the Spirit of Christ actually lived by His financial, agricultural, educational, social or sen- disciples and effectively applied to all the serious sational-means for home missions a living death. problems of human society.

If we minister to life, personal and social, in this Our Present Responsibility ministry we will respond to the three deepest and most universal desires of mankind, namely, the In the third place let us with courage face the desire for peace and the desire for power and the inescapable responsibility which is growing out desire for service. of the present conditions. It is obvious to all To be effective home missions in our day must thoughtful men that we must unite our own claim for Christ the absolute dominion over all forces before we can effectively urge other forces the life of men and of nations. When based on to unite. We must federate our own groups be- New Testament Christianity home missions must fore we can demand the federation of other aim at more than the salvation of the individual: groups. One of the most heartening features of they must aim at a society on earth known as the present religious situation is the widespread, "the Kingdom of God." Present world-wide con- though often inarticulated, demand for an effec- ditions make it clear that there can be no social tive cooperation not only in terms of spirit but advance apart from social justice, and no social in terms of actual service.

justice apart from the Kingdom of God, and no Overlooking and overlapping are as great im- hope for the Kingdom of God apart from indi- pediments to the coming of the Kingdom of God viduals who are filled with the Spirit of God and as are inertia and indifference. Home mission- dominated by the ideals of that Kingdom. It is ary agencies, like the individual, may have a one- still true that inward regeneration precedes out- track mind. The harder they work, the deeper ward; that "out of the heart are the issues of is the rut into which they fall, but fortunately life." Home missions that witness to Jesus Christ our denominations are stirred today as never be- will soon reveal the fact that the secret of social fore by a longing to rise out of the grooves of well-being is the individual life and the secret of custom, an inherited method and conventional all individual life is acquaintance with God and piety, and federate our efforts to advance those the supreme source of acquaintance with God is primal Christian truths which underlie all diver- Jesus Christ. gencies of creed or race. Emancipated minds in If we are to be true to their primary task, all denominations are rising above the separating home missions must be unflinchingly loyal to the barriers, are looking over the man-made fences divine commission and close to the needs that and learning that the garden of the Lord is larger call them into existence. We must attend strictly than their own little door-yard.

to our specific job and not attempt to duplicate If we cannot settle ancient disputes, we can, at the work of other institutions. There must be least, ignore them in the name of the Lord. If a deepening of the conviction that home missions we cannot remove these mountains and cast them exist because man has a soul that needs to be into the sea, we can bore through them or carry saved and needs nurture,-worship, sympathy, the King's highway around them. This denomi- love, hope and the cultivation of the spiritual life. nations are now honestly striving to do. We

shall not meet the inescapable responsibility for reality, One who is the desire of all nations.

better cooperation by lamenting the failures of What has been discredited in the missionary en- the past, but in constructive planning for the fu- terprise today is not the Christianity of the New ture. There never was a day when the need of Testament but a reduced, compromised, conven- collective leadership and collective service in the tional, souvenir Christianity. So long as home missionary cause was more imperative than in missions are based on the Christianity of the our day. The whole future of the work will be New Testament and so long as we proclaim the determined by the response that we make to this Gospel of Christ as our primary function, and so imperative demand. long as we seek to operate through a united, co- The General Education Board, when entering ordinated, cooperative program, so long will the the foreign mission field through cooperation outlook be bright and the results permanent.

with the churches in medical work in China, When home missions refuse to meet the call of frankly declared: "We do not now propose any human need from any field they will cease to great thing in missions unless we can do it to- share in Christ's passionate love for men, women gether." Christian givers are saying today that and little children. We must never forget that "anything not done together is not a great thing, the power of Christianity as a home missions'

or an abiding thing." This attitude in time will, force is the measure of the Spirit of Christ, not no doubt, affect the whole nature of the mission- the size of the budget, or the excellency of the ary enterprise. The call of the day is this: "Sim- equipment, or the number of supporters. In this plify your message, heal your divisions, combine tragic hour we need to remember that the Chris- your resources, and unite your forces." Stronger tianity of the New Testament is self-sacrifice and churches federated in every noble cause will mean burden-bearing, not self-pleasing and self-indul- abler ministers; superior young men will be at- gence. What the followers of Christ need today tracted to the pulpit because it will seem more is to have awakened in them a sense of personal worth while to be there, when freedom shall be obligation which will make clear that the home granted for prophecy and also from financial missionary enterprise is not the Church's after- stress. Stronger men of God in the pulpit will thought, it is Christ's forethought; it is not sec- mean more respect for religion in the community; ondary and optional, it is primary and vital.

more ethical authority operating among young Christ put it into the heart of His Gospel. We people; more attention to the church among busi- cannot really see Him or know Him or love Him ness and professional men. unless we know and love His ideal for us, and We must have more power in the pulpit and that ideal is embodied in the missionary enter- more piety in the pews before we can have better prise.

government, fewer speakeasies, fewer divorces, A traveler was watching three stone-cutters more righteous business and industrial methods. years ago building the House of Parliament in We must have better churches with wiser leader- Ottawa-that building has since been desolated ship and closer cooperation before we can have a by fire-and he said to one of them jocosely: higher civilization; and we must appeal more "What are you working for here?" Answering effectively to all people before we can have these in the same vein the man said, "For two dollars wiser ministers and stronger churches. To make and a half a day, if you want to know." Then home missions victorious we need not only re- he said to the second man, "What are you trying generation but reorganization, not only spiritual to do here?" Pointing to the blueprint he said: dynamics but more effective and economic me- "I am trying' to cut this stone so it will look like chanics. We need today intensive, rather than that part of the blueprint." There was a man that extensive policies, not simply more wheels in the had gotten a sense of the relation of his work to machinery but a religious output of greater per- that of the workmen all about him. The traveler sonal, civic and ethical value. said to the third man: "What are you doing It is evident that what is needed today in the here?" Pointing to the rising walls and battle- home missionary enterprise is not so much an ments and pinnacles of the home of legislation intellectual demonstration of Christianity as a for a great part of the British Empire, the stone- practical embodiment of Christ in personal, eco- cutter said: "I am trying to do my part in build- nomic, political and social life. Everything is ing that House of Parliament." There was a ripe for this kind of missionary service. Faith man whose drudgery was redeemed by his vision, in the God revealed in Jesus Christ has not col- who saw his daily task as a part of the building lapsed. Home missions in terms of New Testa- of an empire. May these days give us that great ment Christianity has nothing to fear from any vision, and so make home missions mean the modernism or modern rival. Christianity holds building up of a finer and nobler North America, the clew to all other religions because it sets which will be at once the leader and the servant forth, not as symbol but as its ultimate personal of a nobler world!

Can the Church Do?*

By the REV. IVAN LEE HOLT, Ph.D. St. Louis, Missouri Pastor of tbe St. John's Metbodist Episcopal Church, South nA..JUGGLER in an English music hall, thrilled These problems now confront the Church: with stories of diamond discoveries in 1. Debts ~n buildings and decreased incomes South Africa, decided to go and try his are producing a sense of defeat. In Indiana luck with other adventurers. Within a short there is a church which has had three buildings time after his arrival he had obtained a handful on the same lot in one hundred years. The lot of diamonds, and before him rose visions of lux- cost $50 in 1837; the present building cost urious living at home, his neighbors envious of $150,000. That church, which is without a debt, his great wealth. In order to make a greater im- is a fine example of the progress of Protestant pression he decided to trade the handful of dia- Christianity. Another Indiana church built a monds for a very large diamond and then sailed fine building when money was readily available for home. through an investment bank. The bonded debt is On the long journey back to England the pas- now $125,000 and the church is unable to meet sengers became weary, and the ship's officers the interest. Hundreds of churches in this pre- asked the passengers to contribute to a program dicament have either closed or given up their of entertainment. The juggler exhibited his programs of service.

skill, and to create greater excitement, he began Another financial difficulty confronts the Church one day to juggle the diamond. The interest of because for a generation it has preached chiefly the passengers led him to attempt a more daring a social gospel. Financial drives have gathered thing. Standing with one foot on the ship's rail, money for general enterprises until the church he dexterously juggled the diamond. Suddenly benevolent boards are almost bankrupt.

the boat gave a lurch, he missed the diamond, 2. Two great efforts for the establishment of and it went to the bottom of the sea. the Kingdom of God seem to have failed. With Today, many an American has suddenly lost the enactment of prohibition and the signing of his wealth. It is difficult for him to believe now the Kellogg-Briand Pact for the Outlawry of that it is gone. Many hope that conditions will War many thought the Kingdom had come. Now soon change and prosperity return. This is evi- a modification of the Volstead Law and a repeal denced by the willingness of the unemployed to of the Eighteenth Amendment seem certain and accept the situation without a riot. Men hope we are likely to face a drunken debauch. The that debts will soon be paid or adjusted. Local failure of the Disarmament Conference at Geneva banks are urged to extend credit. People still in- indicates that nations are not ready to outlaw dulge in gay parties and seek pleasure in sensual war. Today we are under the necessity of begin- satisfactions. Men and women seek to forget ning anew the fight for temperance, and we must their troubles for a few hours in order that they initiate a more effective program of education may be ready for a new effort to regain their for peace.

prosperity. The diamond will be ours again! 3. In its missionary enterprise the Church is In commenting on this attitude, a business man facing a problem. Weare told by the authors of said: "In a period of rising prices, men desire "Rethinking Missions" that evangelism must no to be salesmen. Even in the church men have longer be thought of as the winning of men and talked of 'selling the Gospel'! What we need to- women to Christ but as ministering to the needs day is people who can read a balance sheet." of man in the spirit of Jesus. With this shift in Some Modern Church Problems missionary thinking, there has come a decrease in missionary giving. The leaders of the Church The Church has been almost as ineffective in are trying to save the institution and its program.

these days of depression as many of our churches So much of the effort of pastors must be given to were in the World War. cooperation with denominational executives that an~ ~~e ag~~~~~h di~i~~l~edp::~se~~e ~.lI~f:~o h~fdnf~~~e;~b~~~ ;,~h:o ~~~ there is little chance to think through the Chris- tian message for individuals who are confronting cemher 2. under the auspices of the Hom,- Missions Council and the problems in their personal lives. [,'ederal Council of Churches.

[145 ]

The Present-Day Message and Strategy greatly concerned with her neglect of the church The church which I serve has been a force in and asked what the minister could do to help. our city, and the leadership responsibility is Mrs. D- was brought up in a church atmosheavy. In the midst of many other demands connected wHh efforts to save our Christian institu- phere. As a girl she became deeply interested in tions and the denominational work, I have tried society but remained active in church work until to bring a helpful message to individuals. In she married and moved to a different city. There company with my fellow ministers I have been she found it much easier to move in social circles saying: than to take up the work of the church again. She belonged to a modern smart set that thought 1. Material things have counted too much with lightly of affairs between unmarried couples. us. We have thought more of dollars than of This girl's affair with a young widower was .well men. Now the time has come to emphasize hu- known, and her mother, anxious to bring her back man values and to put our faith in things that do to the church, came to ask what I could do to help. not pass away. Miss J- had always known a religious en- 2. It is the function of the Christian religion vironment until she went to college. There her to give us courage to go on. It may not answer religious views came into conflict with the new all our questions, but it can give us strength to philosophy she was taught. She had planned to face the future unafraid. This is the only re- major in philosophy of religion, but she soon ligion which gives hope of ultimate triumph. learned that she could not accept her earlier con- cepts of religion. Now she is contemptuous of 3. If we catch step with Christ, then God will the beliefs of religious people and yet she exlead us to greater things. His Kingdom will come presses an earnest desire for a faith that she has and it will be a mightier kingdom than we had not. How can I help her? anticipated.

A new strategy might be suggested for the Mr. M-, a member of a large banking firm, Church: concerned himself with many activities. His 1. Perhaps it is true that the only way to capi- work with the church and with social agencies talize depression and rescue the debt burdened had won for him high esteem. Then he lost in- Protestant Church from a sense of defeat is terest in all these things that had made his life through a closer union of Protestant denomina- and became restless and unhappy. Finally, he tions. committed suicide, and a life insurance agent re- 2. The Church must begin again to fight for vealed the story of his relationship with another temperance. In pleading for sober living and woman. When the woman threatened to expose self-control, the Church will be occupying ground him to his wife and children and friends, he knew where no one can dispute its right to stand. The but one way out. Had the minister known in Church will also find it necessary to begin a long time, what could he have done to save the man?

program of education for peace. There may be Another very different experience comes to more progress by that method than through mind, a story told me by a minister in another hastily passed resolutions. city. When a large industrial corporation dis- 3. Statistical evidence of the growing member- charged three thousand men, a minister preached ship of the Church may be found less conclusive a sermon on "Men or Bread." In his congrega- than evidence of the permeation of non-Chris- tion was the treasurer of the corporation and at tians with the spirit of Christ. Perhaps, the the close of the service this man came forward Kingdom of God cannot be dramatized as we have to ask, "Have you seen the last statement of our been doing! company? If not, I would like to bring it to you Ministry to Individuals in Need this afternoon." The minister examined the statement and asked some direct questions. He Weare concerned here with the ministry of learned that the dividends had averaged 27% the Church to individuals, and must turn from over a period of ten years, though they had fallen a consideration of the organic task of the Church to 60/0 the preceding year. Only the seven di- as an institution. I will try to introduce you to rectors of the company knew these figures. "If some individuals whom I have met in recent you use them," the layman said, "and give the days: ' source of your information, I will lose my job.

Mrs. T- is a daughter of a loyal Methodist However, you may do it because I believe you layman. Inasmuch as her family had money and were right in that sermon. I want you to have influence, she became a member of the Junior in your possession facts sufficient to defend your- League. She found a great deal of inspiration self against attack." What a wonderful thing in attending lectures and gave much of her time for a minister to have a layman like that in his to the social service program. Her father was congregation.

WHAT CAN THE CHURCH DO?

Many of our laymen are being drawn out of We have been planning retreats, but we do not the Church into community service. At a recent understand the technique as it is understood in luncheon a minister was urging a group of lay- the Roman Catholic Church. We must have at men to support the church program. One of once a plan for retreats which will take a group them said to him: "For fifteen years you have of men or a group of women out to a quiet place been preaching a social gospel and urging us to for meditation and prayer and worship. It must serve our world. Now do you want to take me be far more devotional and inspirational than the out of that work?" How is a minister to answer gatherings which ordinarily go by the name of such a question? retreat among Protestant churches.

The Unimportant and the Essential Things 3. A group fellowship. People need to live closer together. The director of charity relief in Endless problems have arisen due to the pres- my city has been pleading with the churches to ent economic situation. I am convinced that some send out visitors to the homes of distressed people things which we have regarded as necessary are and to provide some kind of group life. People unnecessary and other things which we have been in distress need more than bread, and the city inclined to overlook are absolutely essential. church has a wonderful opportunity of supplying Among the things which seem of least conse- the need. We can do something to put courage quence just now are these: in to the hearts of the distressed hundreds in our cities, both in our churches and outside of them. 1. The building of additional units for the church structure. A minister's success has too How to Use the Hour of Worship often been measured by his ability to raise money for buildings. Today we need a new standard The hour of worship finds the largest group as- of success. sembled, and here the minister's supreme task 2. Cleverness in maintaining prominence in a confronts him. He has worshippers of different community by the use of clever advertising and temperaments, and he must be as much concerned in other ways. Today demands that consecration about their worship as his own. The service be substituted for cleverness. ought to make God real and promote integration 3. The entering into the social life of the world. of personality. Some ritualistic services are I have joined many clubs in recent years in order meaningless and some informal services are in- to make contacts and extend my influence. As a effective. In a great cathedral in England I have result, I fear that I have yielded too much to the found only six worshippers present. I remember opinions and standards of the world about me. finding the very aisles packed in one city church There must be more of the influence of the that boasted a jazz band and a sensational speak- Church in the world and less of the influence of er. The tendency in worship today is to formal- the world in the Church. ity and ::Esthetic appeal. But a beautiful service Some things which seem to me essential today may be a hollow mockery! In a service of wor- are these: ship we must keep the end in view, What am I 1. The confession of sin. A minister cannot for- seeking to do for my people? Am I seeking to give sin, but the minister of Christ can understand bring them into more vital relation with God, a his people and help them to find peace. Never realization of the wholeness of life and its unity, have human hearts been more heavily burdened a new vision, or a passion for a better world?

nor human minds more worried. With smaller The goal must determine the type of service! Too staffs of workers our city ministers face more many times we imitate or have the service which different kinds of responsibility than for the past suits our particular taste.

ten years. Time must be found for personal in- In the Protestant Church service the sermon is terviews. People are vexed in spirit, and take still central. The message is important. In a their own lives. A way must be found to allow time of economic distress and social change a time for personal visits and an opportunity for Psalmist of Israel prayed to God: individual confession of sin and failure. Many there are who say, who will show us any 2. The class meeting. I am not particular good? Lord, lift thou up the light of thy counte- about the name, but it is necessary to have some nance upon us. Thou has put gladness in my heart place for the interchange of experiences. It may more than they have when their grain and their new be a forum where young people discuss vital ques- wine are increased.

tions, not one where very liberal or radical speak- We must teach this Gospel. Faith in God offers ers give startling conclusions with little chance compensations for the loss of material things.

for discussion, and sane conclusions. It is too When we are confronted with the question, "Who early to evaluate the Oxford Group Movement, will show us any good?" our answer must be that but the idea of sharing religious experiences is of the Psalmist. From the richness of our Chris- fine. tian experiences should we not be able to answer

men's perplexing problems through pointing out were almost openly admitted to be nonsense. Rethings which turn to good? The day is past when ligious emotion was stigmatized as enthusiasm. we compare ourselves with others. Our measur- Theology was satisfied if it demonstrated the posing standards are changed. After ali the accumu- sibility of a deity. Morality was low. The age lations which count are in our hearts-beauties, showed no deep or strong feeling except that and memories, and loves. which came from the underprivileged from whom there came a real cry of hunger. Into that empti- The Church and Society ness came John Wesley and through him the grace of God! In the beginning of Methodism John Wesley had a clinic, a charity society, and an old folks' In America desire has been king, and a man home. He saved his preachers from an emo- claims that he must have his satisfactions. Zarational fanaticism by having them arise at four thustra says, "Egoism is the essence of all noble in the morning to study their Bibles. But in the souls. . .. All old-morality monsters, and especoming of the industrial revolution, the Church cially Christianity, have waged war against the was helpless in its effort to direct a social move- passions of humanity with a view to exterminatment. We must seek to change tendencies and ing them. The praxis of the church is inimical only Perfect Love can do that-"as in heaven so to life." With such a philosophy, no wonder we on earth." have social irresponsibility and sexual promiscu- ity! Were the Tractarians right in feeling that There are hundreds of ministers heralding the the Church should stand aloof from men, that economic and social revolution, but in this discus- the Church is strongest when it is in protest sion the question arises, "Are we ready for it?" against the spirit of the time? Are there enough transformed men, Christians with Perfect Love, to make a respectably large The question .today is not: "Is Christianity citizenship were the Kingdom of Heaven at hand? true?" but "Is it possible?" It will not work for I have a friend who is a radical socialist and who worldly men. John Hutton says, "The Church preaches in a wealthy church in a residence sub- needs today an aim short of the ultimate aim of urb. "How can he do it?" The people like him. the Kingdom of God. The religious life of I am inclined at times to boast of my freedom as Scotland has always had, I think, a very near an advocate of social righteousness. Yet I won- horizon." der whether those who have listened to me are better Christians. This is a kind of heart-search- As Faust lay dying he saw a vision of a naring which alone qualifies a man to preach. Economic readjustments do not come by resolutions row peninsula of land extending out into the or peace by pacts-nor will the Kingdom come by great ocean. He recognized the ocean as the sea bold social declarations. We must have a return of knowledge. As he gazed he saw a great wave of faith to the individual. Science and criticism of human knowledge let loose from the hard-won will not withstand a genuine return of spring and maxims of the human race, and with exultation summer to the soul of man. Such a faith, in spite he watched that wave as it crept up over the sand of its new interpretation, will have the same back- of the peninsula on which were two structures, ground. It will bring with it a newly recovered the Christian Church and the Christian home. confidence in life. Sooner or later the sea would overflow and de- stroy those two institutions. Then his attention Perhaps never, during the course of almost two was diverted from the oncoming tide by the smoke thousand years, did Christianity so widely lose of a fire which was consuming them. Though the character of a spiritual religion as during the he had desired their destruction, he now called last half of the eighteenth century. In all Prot- out in agony of soul to God that he might be estant countries the general aim of its accredited spared to replace those haunts of the spirit. Such teachers seems to have been to explain away its will be the attitude of many a destructionist. mysteries and to extenuate its supernatural character; to reduce it to a system of ethics; in short May God enable us to lead men into the higher to enthrone the human mind. Religious dogmas fellowship with one another and with ·Him. "Lord, lift thou up the light of thy countenance upon us."

Sad will be the day for any man when he becomes absolutely contented with the life he is living, with the thoughts he is thinking, and the deeds he is doing; when there is not for- ever beating at the doors of his soul some great desire to do something larger, which he knows that he was meant and made to do, because he is a child of God.-Phillips Brooks.

in the Mountains of

I By F. 1. MEADOWS, Baptist Hospital, Puebla, Mexico -efi I THE Mixe Indian is very superstitious. swer: "Manana" (tomorrow). The next after- Though every village has its Roman Cath- noon when we are ready to travel, I give him an olic Church, the popular beliefs and prac- injection and leave capsules which the "profestices are those passed on from the remote past. sor" (local school-teacher) promises to see that The lightning is the god that he fears most, and he takes. The Mixe is not at all pleased because with apparent reason, for we are forcing a foreign med- have not many churches been icine upon him.

destroyed by this "storm One man suffering from a king"? On many occasions contagious eye trouble used the Mixe makes offerings to the teacher's eye drops until appease the wrath of this god his eyes were nearly well; so that his animals may not then, to hasten the treatment, be struck by lightning as they he called in his witch. This g r a zein the mountains. fellow drew, with his mouth, Mount Zempoaltepetl (mean- apparently from the patient's ing twenty mountains be- temple, the wings of a grass- cause it rears its head so hopper, and its legs from the high that this number of back of the sick man's neck.

ranges can be counted by one These, he said, had entered standing on its crest) is the through the inflamed eye.

center of his sacred places. The curander (witch) de- Fresh turkey blood is sup- elared that a man suffering posed to satisfy the lightning from pneumonia was lacking god, which is thirsting for his spirit, which he had lost the blood of the peon's flocks. a few days before when he With much ceremony, chant- was deprived of his carga ing and prayers, the blood of (merchandise) just as he had the fowl is spilled upon the finished crossing a river that lofty crags and the tender carried one of his burros flesh is left hanging for wild down to its death. Fright animals to devour. The Mixe and anger caused him to does not eat many eggs, nor "lose his spirit" in that river will he sell them, for they are A ~OUNTAIN TEACHER AND HIS FAMILY and his life depended upon considered food for his dead I" MEiXICO their being able to recover relatives. He buries them this spirit from another little therefore near the grave of his loved ones, though stream near by. Thus they deceive the people.

he knows that dogs dig them up and eat them in If a patient has affairs to arrange, the witch less than twenty-four hours. throws a rooster into the air, to see if he will live The humble home of the Mixe is sometimes or die. If the fowl squawks or makes a noise made of sticks, through which not only wind but before he touches the ground the patient will re- the chickens can pass. The straw roof is re- cover; if he alights without making a noise the paired often enough to protect him from the man will die. Some of these people go to bed downpour that lasts for eight months of the year. without real cause and hide within their thatch We enter and may find him shaking with a ter- and mud walls where the beneficial rays of the rible malaria chill. We offer to trade quinine sun cannot help them.

capsules for a bit of corn for our horses. He does The Mixe has few wants-tortillas and black not refuse but he is enough Mexicanized to an- coffee, sweetened with his homemade brown [ 149 ]

A MISSION SCHOOL IN THE MOU NTAI SS OF MEXICO "Th e t eacher understands n o Mlxe, a nd his pupils do n ot unders t a nd Spanish,–therefol'e h e has a diffi cult task,"

sugar, sustain his life. Peppers for which he The emissary of the Federal Government is famous, give the taste that satisfies him. In makes a social center of his school to get rid of every yard there are a few tobacco plants, and strife among the citizens over political questions. he considered himself happy, until the Federal He must try to persuade them to till the soil so Government got interested in him three years that the corn supply will not be exhausted before ago and began to send new chiefs to every vil- another harvest. In some places two crops can lage of five hundred heads or more. These new be grown each year, but it is hard for the new chiefs are in the form of school-teachers. Some leader to induce the Indians to plant early enough had to be sustained for their first few months by for two harvests. He tells them that the Governsoldiers. Even now, when oranges are falling to ment has ordered that they plant one-third of the ground, the people will give them to any who their crop by a certain date and thus puts it over. will come for them, except the "professor," whom they charge one-third of a centavo each. The Each male citizen over twenty-one years of age professor is trying to convince them that certain (if married from his eighteenth year) must pay herbs (vegetables) can be eaten, and that they into the village treasury twenty-four centavos should be planted, tilled and watered so as to add each month. As no salaries are paid to village food for their rickety bodies. The teacher has a officials, this tax is supposed to be used for the rabbitry, a modern hen house, some pigeons and school and it is hard to collect. The mayor and a carpenter shop. These people of the moun- town clerk receive the money that comes in as tains work so little and so rarely that in one vil- payment of fines. In many villages for years the lage a commission of citizens came to inform town clerk has received a salary because he was their teacher that they were not sending children the only man in town who could read. to school to work but only to learn to read and write. In another village, the officials fined a It requires much patience to be a mountain man severel pesos because he showed the profes- teacher. To enter a town and gather the children sor a hidden spring some distance from the vil- together, when not one of them understands a lage but sufficiently above its level for the water word of Spanish, is a task that is often perplexto be brought into town by ditches for irrigation ing. Sometimes the "professor" begins by countpurposes. The new "chief" was making them ing his fingers that he holds up before them; work on this project. then by making signs he persuades the children to repeat after him the numerals; and later he names the objects in the roo;m and asks them to

CHRIST, CHRISTIANS AND THE JEWS

repeat the names. Too much praise can hardly living Christ to the Indians of the great state of be given the noble work of these school-teachers. Oaxaca. Now with a dozen colporteurs, we could They leave home and family, where are always within a few years give every soul the opportusome conveniences, to live where they are not nity of learning God's pla'n of salvation. Now wanted and where they labor to uplift a people thousands of Indian children are reading their who do not know how to appreciate their self- school books at home to their parents. We should denial and endless efforts. put the Word of God into their hands before trashy and harmful literature is carried to them General Plutarco Elias Calles started to create by the ever extending mail routes. These people a new Mexico when he founded the Federal rural have lived for countless generations in darkness. school system. Already there are more than ten It would mean much to them and to the Kingdom thousand such schools scattered over the republic. Right here is the challenge to us. Formerly to have God's Book the first one made available it would have been very expensive to offer the to them.

Christ, Christians and the Jews By REV. HENRY EINSPRUCH, Baltimore, Maryland Lutheran Missionary to Jews ALL too long have Christians acted the prover- group of people? The deliberate exclusion of the ..t". bial ostrich, while the Jewish population in Jew from the missionary program of the Church is in direct conflict with the command of Him America has grown by leaps and bounds Who said, "Go ye therefore, and disciple all nafrom three thousand in the year 1818 to the present figure of almost four and a half million. tions." But more than this; the exclusion of the Jew is The reason for deliberately leaving out the Jew from the missionary program of many denomi- the most flagrant violation of the love of Christ, nations has probably been because of the diffi- whose great heart embraced not only the despised culty of winning the Jew to Christ and because of Samaritan, but people of the farthermost reaches an inherent antipathy toward Jews as such. Many of the earth and, let it not be forgotten-Jesus justify their negative attitude also on the ground that the Jew believes in God. No such argument was a Jew. is advanced in connection with missions to Mo- Sometimes we hear it said that Judaism is an hammedans. adequate religion. If it is, then why not scrap Advocates for missions to Jews have too often Christianity; why not become Jews, and thereby been content to employ the traditional argument bring to an end the age-old struggle between (good though it be) that the Gospel should be Church and Synagogue? given to the Jew from a sense of gratitude, because from them came Christ, the Scriptures, the But is Judaism an adequate religion? Was apostles and the missionary zeal of the early Jesus merely indulging in Oriental exaggeration Church. But most people do not like to be re- when He charged pharisaism, a form of Judaism minded of their debts, particularly when they are far superior to that of the present day, with being great. inadequate? "Unless your righteousness," said He, "shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes A new approach is needed to awaken a sense of and pharisees ye shall in no case enter into the responsibility for Jewish evangelization. Chris- Kingdom of Heaven" (Matthew 5: 20). tians should be challenged to show just cause why sixteen or seventeen million people in the world- The issue is clear cut. Christians who obey in this instance Jews-should not have the Gospel their Master have no option and no alternative preached to them. Is the missionary enterprise but to offer the Gospel to the Jew. If it ought not of the Church in this twentieth century to be be offered to the Jewish people there is no reason characterized by a policy of exclusivism? What to offer it to anyone. moral right has any true follower of Christ to draw a line of demarcation against any race or This additional factor should be taken into con- sideration. The Jewish people, with the excep- tion of a few leaders, are absolutely ignorant of the New Testament message. They know of a

Christianity of fire and sword, but not the Christ be done at all, must be done by the organized of the Gospels. Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, the fore- Church itself. No church with Jews in its midst most Jewish leader in the country today says: should withhold its ministrations from them un- "For 1,800 years, certainly for most of that time, less it is willing to be condemned for acting the Jews have not been given an opportunity to know part of the priest and the Levite when they passed what Christianity is, least of all, to understand by the wounded Samaritan. who Jesus was and what the Christ means. The very ignorance of the Jew, touching Jesus . . . One method which has been found very helpful, condemns not the Jew, but Christendom." (From is to reach Jewish masses by means of open-air his sermon Shall Jews and Christians Worship preaching. This involves tact, intelligence and Together? ) some degree of courage. An effective medium for the Gospel is that of the printed page, not the Jews are admittedly no tame or torpid folk. In promiscuous tract, but books and treatises dealing the realm of economics, science, philosophy and with Christianity in a positive, wise manner and art they are no mere flotsam. An Einstein, a showing sympathy with the Jewish people. News- Bergson, a Freud, and the brooding spirit of a paper evangelism, in the form of a news sheet, Karl Marx, are not only coloring but shaping and could be utilized with very good results. Colportvitally affecting the Christian scene. What is age work, well organized, has proved of value. happening in Russia, in China and in other parts of the world clearly shows that the Jew cannot But the most potent and effective means of be ignored by those to whom the evangelization winning the Jew to Christ is through consistent of the world is more than a pious wish. Christian living on the part of those who are called by the name of Christ. This is not just How shall the Gospel of Christ be preached to pious talk. In a study of several hundred cases the Jew? Here in America at least, we cannot of Christian Jews, between sixty-five and seventy employ agencies similiar to those in foreign fields. per cent stated that they owed their first Christ- It would be absurd to build large educational in- ward impulse to some act of disinterested kindstitutions or medical centers, both of which would ness on the part of a Christian. Herein lies the be not only expensive but unnecessary. And it is answer which supersedes all other-and it is one idle to expect that specific Jewish mission centers which is within the power of every Christian to can ever overtake the task. The work, if it is to render.

The Mennonites Among the Indians THE Mennonjte Church began missionary The Rev. and Mrs. G. A. Linscheid, who had work among the Arapaho Indians in 1880 been active in the Oklahoma field for a number at Darlington in what was then Indian Ter- of years and had acquired a fair command of the ritory, now Oklahoma. Cheyenne language, were sent to open up the work among the Northern Cheyennes in 1904. During the first years the missionary activity They located at Busby, Montana, where a Govcentered largely in the work with· the children ernment boarding school was opened for operabut was gradually extended into the camps. As tion that same fall. The work spread rapidly till the Government established m 0 r e boarding practically the whole field was covered by three schools to care for the children, the mission main stations and a number of outstations. schools were discontinued after two decades and direct evangelistic and pastoral work both in the In the year 1893 the Rev. and Mrs. H. R. Voth camps and in the Government boarding schools were sent to open another field among the Hopi became the dominant method of activity. Indians in Oraibi, Arizona. The desert-like coun- try and the distance from railway facilities neces- The work among the Cheyennes at Cantonment sitated some real pioneering in this field and became the main station. The Rev. R. Petter the Hopi language had to be reduced to writing. was stationed as missionary to the Cheyennes at Parts of the Old Testament and almost all of the this place in 1891. He reduced the Cheyenne New Testament have been translated. language to writing and published a complete English-Cheyenne dictionary; he. translated and The Mennonite Brethren took up work among published Bunyan's "Pilgrim Progress"; several the Comanche Indians in 1895 at Post Oak Miseditions of a collection of Cheyenne songs; large sion, Indiahoma, Oklahoma. portions of the Old Testament paraphrased, and the New Testament is to be completed in a literal The total number of active communicants in translation into the Cheyenne language. the various fields of Mennonite missionary activ- ity among the American Indians is about 600. Effective Ways of Working I 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home i EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~"==~=========~~-=-=====–===I~ GEARING THE CHURCH FOR MISSIONARY EDUCATION In the apparent failure of for- ary giving; selecting a Steward- exercises being included: an ilmer methods and motivations ship Chairman from the official lustrated folder was mailed to nowadays to impel to mission- board of the church, and the in- all the church families in the ary endeavor, we are turning to clusion of missionary programs fifth week, urging liberal supa technique of thoroughgoing in the Church Night Calendar. port for the new plan; and on A comparative record of mis- the Sunday just before the coleducation, hoping that larger knowledge may blaze the path sionary offerings served to lection a card of instruction for a new regime. This is well: arouse the groups to increased with an offering envelope was but let us not forget that it must liberality. All this paved the given to each member of the be a spiritualized, God-directed way to an important step-the Church School, asking that the campaign which does more than support of our own church mis- money be handed in the ensuing appeal to the intellect and sionary. Sunday.

reason. The dynamic must be The next step taken by the Auxiliary methods for creatspiritual or the results will fall pastor was to secure the coop- ing atmosphere were: (1) The short of Christ's ideal. The eration of the several leaders of plans herewith presented give groups. Appearing before the use of a movable poster board on promise of filling these specifi- women's group, the stewards which were displayed pictures and the Sunday School Council, and missionary news items; (2) cations. a mission study class, organized Cultivating a Missionary Atti- he proposed for church support to meet weekly; (3) well-in- tude of Mind in a Church a missionary on the field, al- formed speakers appearing ready esteemed by many in the from time to time before every Miss Margaret Todd, church congregation, a freewill offer- department of church activity; secretary of the Highland Park (4) a large map of the chosen Methodist church in Dallas, ing to be taken to start the ball Texas, tells forcefully how the rolling. After the leaders voted mission field made and illumimissionary attitude can be de- their support, a committee was nated, a new message or picture veloped by a program of educa- chosen and definite plans for the being placed in its center week tion in the local church. "We campaign were made. by week; (5) a stereopticon had become so completely ab- lecture given weekly before one sorbed in meeting the local Then the great art of adver- or another group of the Church needs of a growing constituency tising was utilized. Printed ma- School; (6) an afternoon tea that we had almost forgotten terial was distributed regularly and missionary exhibit held in our responsibility for the larger -a letter sounding a new spir- the church parlors on the Sunfield," she says. "There were itual appeal and enclosing a day before the offering date, scattered groups interested in service pledge listing ways in interesting articles being dismissions, but our church as a which the recipient might ren- played by foreign students in whole felt no challenge and had der personal service was sent their native attire; (7) an ataccepted no missionary project. out by the pastor and the chair- tractive missionary play given Therefore we set about an in- man of the board. Some two on the last Church Night of the tensive 'missionary cultivation' hundred people signed the campaign. What wonder that program." pledge. In about a week, heads on the offering Sunday the fund of families received missionary amounted to more than $1,500? folders including a statement of The first move was to recon- the new plan for supporting a A vital part of this intensive struct the missionary agencies missionary through freewill of- plan was that of the follow-up already in the church, tying the ferings, the date for this offer- work. Nothing was left undone keen interest of the Woman's ing being announced. to "keep the home fires burn- Missionary Society to a wider Two weeks later every teach- ing"-excerpts from the mis- church interest; appointing a er in the Church School received sionary's letters were printed, Supervisor of Missions to ar- a letter appealing for support his name used in the church range special programs, prepare of the plan as therein outlined, publications, his work honored exhibits and stimulate mission- a prayer for use in the general on missionary anniversaries, in- [153 ] formation and news from him into at least three or four are always members ex officio.) were brought before the mem- groups-little folks, 'teen age This steering committee should bership. In spite of the finan- and two adult units. Both home have for its task the general cial depression, the next year and foreign missions are pre- charge of the cultivation of the saw the offering increased by sented and the selection of class missionary life of the Sunday five hundred dollars, while the is purely voluntary. Dismissal school, each member being as- regular missionary offerings is at 8: 30. The average attend- signed some different depart- were accentuated 50 per cent! ance for three years has been ment and made responsible for This is a rare project demon- from 20 per cent to 25 per cent one or more points in the policy.

stration of what "prayer, pains of the church membership. MISSIONARY INSTRUCTION and publicity" will do under ad- SUNDAY WORSHIP SERVICES 1. In the Class verse circumstances.* During the study period, it is By a missionary study of the A Coordinated Plan for the aim to have speakers repre- Bible, teachers being urged to Mission Study senting both home and foreign give special attention to the phases of the work, with an oc- teaching of missionary princi- Rev. Ralph A. Waggoner, D.D., casional presentation of Chris- ples of such lessons as are clearpastor of the Broadway Pres- tian Education. A young peo- ly missionary in content, and byterian church of Sedalia, ple's evening pageant is also also to collect and use mission- Mo., writes of the program used planned. The missionary society ary incidents for the illustration in his church, beginning in divides into groups who accept of Scriptural truths. early autumn. In cooperation responsibility for every phase of with the president of the mis- the program. Such an endeavor By the organization of sepa- sionary society, leaders are as this makes a good start for rate mission study classes or chosen and material placed in the winter's work. clubs. The sessions may be held their hands during the summer during the week in the homes, months, the goal being to have Bringing the Bible School or in connection with the at least 90 per cent of the mem- Into Line church's ann u a 1 School of bership hear some missionary World Friendship, the class presentation one or more times In the detail of "rethinking teacher or some other qualified during the special campaign. missions today," a prominent person directing the study. Rally plans are made well in ad- place is being given to missionvance of the study period. The ary education in the local By the use of regular graded presentation is eventually made church; hence the attention of missionary lessons. These rein three phases as follows: pastors and Sunday-school su- quire only a few minutes one perintendents may well be called Sunday of each month, or on 10 IN THE BIBLE SCHOOL to the policy and plan prepared or 12 consecutive Sundays, be- by the Young People's Mis- ing supplemental to the Bible Beginning the second Sunday sionary Movement and recom- lesson for the day. They may of October, 20 minutes are used mended by the Missionary De- be used in either graded or unfor five or six consecutive partment of the International graded school, though fitting weeks, in the worship service Sunday School Association after more easily into the former. of maj or departments of the approval by leading workers school, the ablest story-tellers 2. From the Desk or Platform available presenting reviews of throughout the United States (a) A well-prepared missionthe 'teen age missionary books and Canada. In all schools not ary program or exercise in the on a background of Scripture, already well organized for defi- opening or closing exercises of singing and prayer. After this nite missionary education and the school. (b) A story or quesdifferent classes give more de- endeavor, it is urged that the tions from the desk by superintailed study to their group books superintendent assemble his tendent or other qualified perand themes. During the rest of workers at an early date to con- son. (c) An address to the the year missions is presented sider this model policy-which whole school by a missionary once a month. doubtless presents some valu- or some other well-informed WEDNESDAY EVENINGS able points for schools already speaker. (d) Reference to maps, in gear. charts and pictures hung on The church meets for a cov- walls. (e) Use of curios, stereered dish supper at 6: 30. This A MISSIONARY COMMITTEE opticon and specially prepared is without cost to those coming, slides. (f) Reference to bulleeach bringing only a covered A strong committee of from tin board containing fresh misdish of food. Entire families three to five members, headed sionary items and pictures. are urged to attend and the by a missionary superintendent services are among the most or chairman, should be selected 3. In Christian Worship as representative of the differpopular social gatherings. The ent grades of the school, one of Missionary petitions in the 7: 15 worship is conducted by its members to be on the mis- public prayer; missionary pas- the pastor. Then people divide sionary committee of the church sages of Scripture; similar • Copyright, The Duplex Envelope Co., where such exists. (Pastor and psalms and hymns; by superin- Richmond, Va. Abridged. Sunday-school superintendent tendent urging teachers to em-

HiS3] EFFECTIVE WAYS OF' WORKING

phasize Scriptural habits of paramount ideal is: "Every This plan has proved very efgiving to missionary objects; member of the Church of Christ fective in spreading missionary cultivation of definite prayer for a student of the progress of information and in arousing inmissionary objects through use Christ's Kingdom throughout terest. of prayer cards, calendars and the world." lists. Indian Program Briefs Teaching Missions in the 4. The Missionary Library and Sunday School Mrs. Claire Goodsill Chand- Literature ler, of Galesburg, Ill., sends the The following article by Shir- following cullings from her Securing and circulating the ley Swetnam Still, of Atlanta, plans for this year's work best missionary books available, Ga., gives another practical plan among young women: also solicitation of subscriptions that has been tried and not to missionary periodicals, in- found wanting. There are two The most important event of cluding THE REVIEW. The Ju- groups of women in the church the Guild year was the house venile Missionary Library, pre- who study missions, but many party held late in August when pared by the Young People's who are in the Sunday school the girls went into "retreat" in Missionary Movement, may be are not a part of either group. an attractive location for the had for $5.00. Graded lists of We believed that if these other better part of two days to presuitable books may also be ob- women could learn about mis- pare plans for the forthcoming tained from your own denomi- sions they would pray and give study. Programs were connational headquarters, including toward the cause; also they sidered, committee chairmen those of the United Study would be likely to come into one presented their new goals, new Course for the current year. or another of the missionary or- members were inducted, the ganizations as they became in- Reading Contest chairman ad- 5. The Missionary Offering terested. These women will vertised her new books, etc. A probably never become inter- tiny folded paper tepee con- Prayerful planning should be ested unless it can be accom- tained the outline of activities done to develop the spirit of be- plished in the Sunday school. and the agenda (entertainment nevolence in the school through and business being artfully comindividual systematic and pro- There is a missionary com- bined), all phraseology being in portionate giving on the part of mittee in the women's class, and terms of quotations from Hiaeach member of the school, in- this committee decided to select watha, as, for the White Cross cluding giving to all objects in some field to be studied each work-"Took again their mats which each group should be in- quarter. At the beginning of unfinished" ; scenes from the terested, on the basis of a defi- the lesson period, the teacher year's study book-"All the nite pledge paid weekly, where gives two minutes only for the marvelous dreams and visions"; possible, in addition to the of- presentation of a missionary games in the roof gardenferings on special days such as fact. Then the missionary bank "Skilled was she in sports and Easter or Christmas. The plan is passed through the class to pastimes," etc. The closing would naturally have to be va- receive the offering. If India is "feast" was termed "Hiawatha ried according to the basic con- the subject for the quarter, then Banquet," with program inside dition as to whether the school the committee brings facts on the folded garment of a beautiis supported by the church or India or India's missionaries fully made Indian maiden, the carries its own expenses. every Sunday. In this way by toastmistress being Nokomis, twenty-six minutes' brief and successive toasts on topics in 6. Recruits for the Mission intensive presentation of facts Hiawatha language being given Fields on India, the women are much on "Hiawatha's B rot her s," better informed. The chief "Hiawatha's Chickens," "And Systematic efforts should be danger is lest the committee beyond them stood the forest," made to bring the subject of overstep its two minutes. This and "Stood the grove of singing missions as a life work to the at- must not be done or it will make pine trees." The plan proved a tention of members of the the class resentful at the loss of great success. school, a Missionary Day hav- time from the Bible lesson. ing proved helpful to give defi- I saw three ships come sailing in, niteness to the appeals for In next to the last Sunday of So fair at close of day; money and service. the quarter, the committee gives out a list of ten questions and StewaTdship and Fellowship It is suggested that an outline answers on the country studied And W oTship led the way. of the plan adopted be sent to and on the following Sunday your denominational boards to these questions are taken up and And what rare gifts were in them, ensure suggestions as to the best answered in the class. On this Beneath the sunlight sifting, teamwork. Further informa- Sunday also the mIsSIOnary tion may be obtained by writing bank is opened and the money The sacrificial gifts and prayers to the Missionary Department, sent to some missionary in the F'or living, loving, lifting. International Sunday School As- country studied. Then a new sociation, 805 Hartford Build- field is chosen for the next quar- Dear God, the F'ather of us all, ing, Chicago. Missionary mind- ter and a new fund is started. Increase our gifts, we pray, edness is an absolute essential in following Jesus Christ. The Till every nation in the world Shall bow beneath Christ's sway.

-The PTesbyteTian Magazine.

~'==========================I~

BULLETIN OF I The Council of Women for Home Missions I ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~~——~~'~–~–~~~~~–~~~I~'

FOLLOW THOU ME into the Church together will come. They are (1) tribalism the beauty of the Lord our God which militated against united Theme Hymn be fulfilled in the Christian action, cooperation and effec- Church. tive organization; (2) isolation Through good report and evil, Lord -the Indian constantly has felt Still guided by Thy faithful Word,- Miss Nona M. Diehl led the the brunt of a cruel and relent- Our staff, our buckler, and our sword, meditation periods during the less frontier; (3) segregation annual meeting on the following which stands for exclusiveness, We follow Thee. topics: Precedents to Follow- -another way of expressing ing; Requisities to Following; race prejudice. Segregation may With enemies on ev'ry side, Rewards of Following. be a temporary expedient as far We lean on Thee, the Crucified; as schools, hospitals, churches Forsaking all on earth beside OUR INDIAN LUNCHEON and missions are concerned but The Joint Indian Committee segregation m u s t ultimately We follow Thee. of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women gave cease. ° Master, point Thou out the way, a luncheon on January 10 at The goal of assimilation and which Dr. Frank A. Smith, Nor suffer Thou our steps to stray; chairman of the Committee, merging of whites and Indians Then in that path that leads to day presided. The Rev. G. E. E. should be gradual. The Govern- Lindquist, Missionary-at-Large ment owes the Indian more be- We follow Thee. for the Society of the Propaga- cause he is a human being than tion of the Gospel Among the because he is an Indian. A new Thou hast passed on before our face; Indians, and also a member of charity and a new spirit tow.ard Thy footsteps on the way we trace; the United States Board of In- the present relation of whites 0, keep us, aid us by Thy grace: dian Commissioners, presented and Indians are needed. There "Some Present-Day Emphases are four chief requisites, name- We follow Thee. in Indian Work." After citing ly-education conceived in its clear evidences of progress on broader sense; sympathetic un- Whom have we in the heaven above, the part of Indians who "like to derstanding-a matter of the Whom on this earth, save Thee, to be going somewhere," he named heart rather than the head; pa- three great barriers in the path- tience,-"he who deals only love? way of Indian progress toward with the head is foredoomed to Still in Thy light we onward move; a worthy goal. These barriers failure" in his service to the are slowly but surely being over- people; fellowship in which We follow Thee. "friendship speaks a language [156 ] all tribes can understand." -Horatius Bonar. In the light of the above, the Tune-Hanford 8, 8, 8, 4. province of the Christian mis- sionary is the task of interpre- Collect tation and guidance-the sine qua non of missionary endeavor. o Almighty God, whom to This may mean (1) decentral- ization in organization; (2) know is everlasting life: Grant us perfectly to know Thy Son making use of resident forces; Jesus Christ to be the Way, the (3) demonstration; and (4) Truth, and the Life; that, fol- cooperation which is a practical lowing His steps we may stead- demonstration of unity. fastly walk in the way that leadeth to eternal life; through Jesus Christ, Thy Son, our Lord. Amen.

The theme of the annual meetings of the Council of Women for Home Missions was "Follow Thou Me." Miss Lindley of the National Council, Protestant Episcopal Church, led the meditation hour on Sunday, applying "Follow Thou Me" to the Church as a fellowship, through which the Kingdom of God is to be presented so beautifully that the world will pattern life on it. Not until all the communions are brought

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

Rev. David Owl spoke at the tee of the Council of Women, people of the Church, and that these same luncheon on "What the presided. The following ques- denominations are not promoting dis- Indian Wants." "To say what tions and topics were presented tinctly missionary groups. the Indian wants," he said, "was for discussion: The relationdifficult, for different Indians ship of organized young wom- 3. We recognize the difficulty of and different types of Indians en's groups to organized young promoting a youth-centered program want different things.'" people's groups in a I 0 c a I in some young women's organizations church; the relationship of the which have in their membership those Mr. Owl has worked for young women's group in a local who should be enrolled in an organizaeight years among the Seneca church to the older women's tion of older women, and we realize Indians on the Cattaraugus Res- group; the relation of organ- that young women will usually profit ervation in New York. This most in an organization which is reservation is twelve miles long ized Sunday-school classes to the wholly their own responsibility. Howby six miles wide and under missionary program of the local ever, we do realize that after high state jurisdiction. The Indians church and denomination; how school age, grouping might be accordthere are really wards of the does the missionary education ing to interest rather than age. Government but the State of program for student groups New York has voluntarily taken gear into the whole missionary 4. We deplore the fact that our conover jurisdiction. He has been education program of the de- tact as a Council Committee with trying to develop good fellow- nomination? does the informa- student groups is ineffective for the ship and a spirit of cooperation tion disseminated through de- promotion of missionary interest; and with his comrades, his minis- nominational literature p r e- we desire to do more along this line terial associations and with fel- pared for young people's groups through a closer cooperation with low missionaries. Indians want give the full scope of the mis- student secretaries, student pastors, harmony among those who are sionary task-(a) denomina- and others who have contacts with working with them so that they tionally, and (b) interdenomimay see a straight road ahead nationally; an appraisal of students. and may go ahead confidently, Home Missions in the light of vigorously. That has been one the findings of the Home Mis- We recognize the fact that students of the main tasks of the mis- may not always be interested in the sionaries. sions Congress. current theme for mission study and that our missionary literature should "LET NO ONE DESPISE The findings are as follows: be related to their interests. YOUR YOUTH" 1. We recognize the value of having 5. We recommend heartily the in- missionary education a part of the in- -Paul to Timothy. tegrated program of the church, but clusion of information on the inter- There was held on Sunday until this is possible, we recommend denominational missionary projects afternoon, January 8, 1933, in that all the agencies in the church administered by the Home Mission the Madison Avenue Baptist correlate their programs. Councils in the denominational literachurch, New York City, in con- ture which reaches young people. nection with the Twenty-fifth The integrated program offers a Annual Meeting of the Council place for special interest groups, such Since the Council of Women for of Women for Home Missions, as young women's mission study Home Missions is still an organization a conference of young people's classes, service groups, etc. which is pioneering in the realm of secretaries of the various de- program and relationships, just as it nominations represented in the 2. We recognize the trend in some was twenty-five years ago when or- Council. This conference was denominations to build a total pro- ganized, Miss Seesholtz expressed the called in accordance with the gram of which missions is an integral belief that its program would appeal following recommendation made part, that will reach all the young to young people and hoped that they at the 1932 Annual Meeting of might have a share in building the the Home Missions Council and program of the Council. Council of Women for Home Missions: It was decided that this be discussed more fully at a future meeting of the It is evident that the future of the committee on young people's work of Christian Church not only in the pul- the Council, together with methods by pit but in the pew rests in the hands which the findings of the North Amerof the youth of today. We therefore ican Home Missions Congress might be urge upon the Councils that our pro- revived and brought to the attention grams shall give full recognition to of the young people of our churches. the importance and the problems of the religious life and training of our youth. We therefore suggest to the Executive Committee of the Councils that a session be set aside at the next Annual Meeting for the consideration of our young people in relation to the Church and its missionary work.

Miss Sue Weddell, Chairman of the Young People's Commit-

~~' OUf W orld~wide Outlook '11

~['-'—~~~~–A–M~is=si~on~a"ry"N"e"w"sp"ap"e,r ,o,f C,u,rr,e,nt,E,v,en,ts,,,,,~-~~-,~ LATIN AMERICA African slaves, pro b a b I y be "the religion of the state, to The General Unrest Hausas, were compulsory Cath- the exclusion of all others." olics, but on the liberation of the Argentine Colonists Kaleidoscopic changes of gov- slaves forty years ago, tried to ernment in the smaller republics resume Mohammedan tradi- Argentina receives the largest of Central America and the Car- tions. number of immigrants of all ribean have long been common- South America and offers a place, but at present, partly due A few years ago some Brazil- large opportunity for evangelto the world situation, even the ian communities sent a delegate ical Christian work. Over 300,- stronger republics are in tur- to a Mohammedan Conference 000 arrived in 1931. The Rev. in the Near East, and since then Paul Penzotti, American Bible moil and confusion. In Chile there have been some signs of Society Secretary of the La and Peru the government is a renewed interest. Plata Agency, writes in the Somilitary dictatorship; diplo- ciety's Record: matic relations between Argen- In Argentina the only Mohamtina and Uruguay are strained medans are Syrian Arab immi- The province of Santa Fe was set- grants and in Buenos Aires tled in 1870 by people belonging to for the most trivial reasons; three races: British, American and Argentina, the strongest Latin there is a Pan-Islamic Associa- tion. Waldensian. Today they constitute American nation, is considering The number of Mohammedans a colony of over three hundred famia new issue of paper money and in South America has been esti- lies. They have a fine self-supporta moratorium; Paraguay and mated at 180,000 but Mr. Ken- neth Grubb thinks 160,000 or ing congregation, with a school. Bolivia are at war over the In the province of Entre Rios are Chaco district and many have 170,000 would be more accurate. several important colonies of Gerbeen reported killed; there is an There is no special evangelical mans, Russians and Waldensians. economic crisis in Colombia and Christian work among these Mo- One colony has a population of 2,000, which has six evangelical churches, conflict with Peru over Liticia; hammedans; but Bible societies, one of them with over one thousand members. The Waldensians are nu- Ecuador is in the throes of a in centers where immigration is civil war in an attempt to oust merous in Rosario Tala and in the its recently elected president; constant, dis t rib ute Arabic southern part of the province of Scriptures. In Buenos Aires Buenos Aires where they number in Venezuela, the military dicta- there are missions to immi- 3,000, with large properties and sev- eral good churches. In the south of tor has ruled the country for 20 grants, and every man who apyears; civil war is still threat- plies for help receives some part Argentina the most important colony is in the territory of Chubut and beening Brazil since the State of of the Scriptures in his own lan- longs to the Welsh. Their churches Sao Paulo, the strongest of the guage.-JENNIE B. LOGAN. union, desires to control the send yearly contributions to the Bible Society.

country through its wealth. Church and State in Peru EUROPE This great country is in danger of shattering what was left of A powerful liberal party in Open-Air Meeting Commended Peru, desiring the complete sepits economic edifices by a frat- aration of Church and state, has Ralph C. Norton of the Belricidal war. made a strong but unsuccessful gian Gospel Mission quotes an Islam in South America fight to secure this declaration article by a "columnist" in an in the new constitution. A dec- influential Brussels daily, giving In Brazil there are said to be laration was approved which an impression of an open air some 30,000 Mohammedans. reads: "The government pro- meeting of the mission. When Islam was introduced by African tects and sustains the Catholic he saw the compact mass of hu- slaves, and more recently by im- religion, although others shall manity grouped around several migrants from Syria. They are enjoy complete liberty." One bareheaded men, he thought it principally in Bahia (Central regulation is that "the religious might be a political meeting.

Brazil) and in the Amazon patronage shall be established "I saw in the center of the basin. In Manaos, a river port in accord with the existing prac- circle a group of men of differ- 1,000 miles inland, there is quite tice and legislation." The women ent ages, some giving away a circulation for literature in of the country, who are gener- tracts and song sheets, one play- Arabic. Few Mohammedans ob- ally active Catholics, turned the ing a harmonium. What sur- serve the holy seasons and rites tide. The original constitution prised me most was that when of their religion. Some of the declared Roman Catholicism to the speakers addressed the au- [158 ] dience, it was not as 'Comrades,' for the year 1931 were 6,806,- the right to withdraw from this les- 'Citizens,' or 'Ladies and Gentle- 466 marks (about $1,700,000). men,' but as 'Dear Friends,' as The increases are as follows: son, and the subject does not enter they went on to speak of the love missionaries, 185; native work- into their examinations. He repeated of God for them. I was much ers, about 800; Christians, about the assertion that the New Testament struck by the serious attention 100,000; schools, 10, and schol- was the best book in the world. Colof the crowd of 200 of all classes ars, 14,000. The income is more porteurs had the right to sell Biblical and ranks of society. During than 600,000 marks less than the discourse no one murmured, for the year before. The con- lite,rature everywhere in Italy. no one laughed or joked. These tribution for foreign missions Fascism, he said, is not a religion open-air meetings are a novelty from Germany for the period to Belgians, but are to be com- 1927 to 1930 constitutes 3~'107o in the traditional sense. It is only mended for their dignity and of the entire missionary income simplicity." of the world and with this money that we believe in it with all the fer- 570 of the missionaries of the vor of our being, and give ourselves The Gospel Mission is the first world and 10% of the Christians fully to its discipline. The Fascist to be accorded permission to among the heathen are taken symbol is placed below the Cross. hold such meetings in Brussels. care of. Religions in Hungary Christian Youth Movement Religious Trends in Spain in Norway According to the latest census The Spanish Revolution is not report of Hungary, the religious A great religious awakening anti-religious. The Minister of affiliation of its population is as among the youth of Norway is Foreign Affairs, Luis de Zulu- follows: taking place, according to the eta, has written a book entitled Luthersk Ugeblad. It affects "The Prayer of an Unbeliever," Roman Catholic … 5,634,103 people in every walk of life as written, however, in a religious is shown in greater attendances vein and full of Bible quotations. Greek Catholic …. 201,093 at church services, prayer meet- A Spanish Bible lies on his work ings and Communion; in more table. The President of the Reformed ……… 1,813,162 diligent searching of the Bible Council, Sr. Azana, has transand in Christian life, according lated and published George Bor- Evangelical (Luto Bishop James Maroni. It is row's "The Bible in Spain." The the hope of Pastor John M. Dis- Spanish philosopher, Ortega y theran) …….. . 534,065 loff that the awakening means Gasset, insists on a basis of the beginning of a new Pente- Christian ethics for the building Greek Oriental … . 39,839 costal day. of the new nation. In the prov- inces of Badajoz and de Caceres Unitarian ……. . 6,266 "Red Christians" in Germany public halls and trade union halls have been opened to Jews ………… . 444,567 The German religious press preaching without charge. A states that a new sect has arisen secretary of the American Bible Baptist ………. . 9,399 in Saxony known as "Red Chris- Society in Latin America, while tians" which has as its special visiting his native Spain, was Nazarenes ……. . 2,487 objective the mocking of earnest elected a member of the Parlia- Bible searchers. The society is ment from the province of Se- Anglicans ……. . 242 under the direction of a "kultur" ville. missionary. The "Red Chris- Mohammedans … . 291 tians" say that as Christ came -The Sunday School Times. to kindle a fire on earth" they Methodist ……. . 67 will light this fire-red as blood. II Duce on Religion in Italy The first meeting was held in Adventists ……. . 409 Dresden. Premier Mussolini in an inter- view with Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Sabbatarians …. . 61 German Foreign Missions C. Norton of Belgium, gave his Increase views regarding religious condi- Unaffiliated …… . 1,859 tions in Italy. He said, among The Year Book of the United other things reported in The Unknown …….. . 309 German Mission Conferences Sunday School Times: shows the following foreign mis- 8,688,319 sion work done by German so- There is real religious liberty in cieties: 567 chief stations; 1,- Italy, the same freedom for Jew, The Balkans 620 German missionaries; 10,- Protestant, or Catholic. 600 paid native workers; 1,143,- A new missionary situation 000 Christians gathered among As to the place of the Bible in the has arisen in the Balkans. Three the heathen; in 3,944 public and national life Signor Mussolini said million Mohammedans in Al- 72 higher schools 240,000 schol- that the priests and nuns have the bania, Yugoslavia, Rumania, ars were taught. The receipts right to give one hour's religious in- Greece and Bulgaria have be- struction each week in the primary come more accessible to Chris- and secondary schools, but not in the tian influence than ever before, university; that the Protestants have especially in Albania. When the Turks began to revive the mem- ories of their pre-Islamic Ta- taris and Turanian civilization, the peoples of the Balkans re- called their Christian civiliza- tion which Islam overpowered in the fifteenth century. At present Christian missionaries find a desire for Christianity, which heretofore has been un- known there. Albania desires to see its children educated and its women emancipated. They are most highly respected and in their mountains the company of a woman is more protection to a traveller than a troupe of sol- diers.

Atheism's Five-Year Plan "God must be out of Russia inside of five years" says Stalin, according to the London M orn-

ing Post. We are told that on tians, but in the face of this and are eager for Christian May 1, 1937, there must not re- many others asked for baptism. teaching and love to hear of the main on the territory of the U. What is the result today? A resurrection of our Lord and S. S. R. a single house of prayer recent letter from the wife of the life to come. A feature of to God, and the very conception Mukasa, a prominent chief in the mass movement in this dis- "God" will be banished . . . as Uganda says: "On the part of trict is that the women learners a revival of the Middle Ages our church the Christians total outnumber the men; this is a which has served as an instru- 162,000 and more; the churches hopeful sign, since the women ment for the oppression of the number 1,840. We have in usually lag far behind. -C. M. S. Gleaner. working masses. In the capi- Uganda 2,630 Christian teach- tals of Russia all churches and ers. In the population of four Ujiji Today prayer houses must be closed by million the Christians number May 1, 1934. The great cathe- 559,000. Although Ujiji, where Stanley dral of St. Isaac in Leningrad A Missionary in Libya and Livingstone met, is in the has been converted into an athe- very heart of Africa, it is not in- ist theatre. "Reasonable unbe- That apostle of the Sahara, accessible today. Livingstone lief" will be inculcated among Dugald Campbell, has been tra- took more than two months to the masses. versing the famous Red Desert go from the coast to the lake; On the other hand, the com- of Libya, a vast world of sand (now it can be done in two mander-in-chief of the Red dunes with scattered oases. "I days). Livingstone had an ar- Army, Woroschilov, says: "Re- ran into a Taureg caravan," he duous and dangerous trek; one ligion has in these years writes, "carrying dates to Gha- may now travel in a comfortable strengthened immensely. One dames and had a very interest- compartment of the Tanganyika finds in the army, more com- ing talk with the men. They Railway, and on reaching Ki- monly than elsewhere, Commu- were able to read my Tamachek goma, the railhead on the lake- nists who do not conceal their translation of Luke." Of the side, the remaining five miles to sympathy with religion, who Senussi Arabs he writes: "They Ujiji are covered by taxi.

have no intention of parting are the hardest of all African Ujiji has 15,000 people. Other from it. While army secretaries people, proud beyond words. African villages have no kind of report atheism to be one hun- Islam has hardened into hate the plan, the huts being dotted about dred per cent in the army, in once fine races of ancient Bar- as though they came down in a reality religion has advanced. bary. Yet Islam is crumbling shower from the sky; Ujiji has The whole army is infected with and Mohammedan's-name counts as clear a plan as New York, it. In Moscow forty per cent little today. and its long, straight streets are religiously-minded Commu- "This land of Libya has been cross each other at right angles nists." cursed by the fury of the Senussi with all the precision of a grid- Dein Reich Komme quotes an hordes, torn by war ever since iron. unnamed Russian paper as say- the Prince of Peace was cast out Old men show the spot where ing that everywhere religious by the wild armies of the False Livingstone stood when he organizations are forming…. Prophet. My soul aches for grasped Stanley's outstretched The return to religion is found Libya, my heart goes out to its hand. Today he would see there not only among the older peo- deceived races, and my prayers a motor road, a mission school ple, who are disillusioned by the are for its ultimate and effective and a football match going on. present form of government, but conversion to the Christ whose -The Living Church.

even more among the young." cross Simon of Cyrene (a Lib- A Live African Parish -The Sunday School Times. yan) carried to Calvary in the long ago." Rev.H. A. Neipp, missionary AFRICA -The Sunday School Times. of the American Board, declares Remarkable Changes A Kpata Mass Movement that he never knew the heavy burden of responsibility being In 1875 Henry M. Stanley ap- The old religion of the Kpata carried by the elderly, loyal na- pealed to the Christian churches tribe seems to have died out. A tive pastor in Bailundo, West of Great Britain to send a sacred cave which has been a Africa, until he substituted for mission to the unexplored and center of heathen worship for him and officiated at some 30 wholly pagan region north of hundreds of years is now utterly marriages in one week, beside Lake Victoria. The first part of neglected, and the path to it is funerals and other church cere- eight missionaries, under the overgrown. The descendant of monies. For example at one Church Missionary Society, left the priest, who would normally church so many people attended England in the following year. have carried on the worship, is that more than a third of the In March, 1882, five Uganda . now a Church Missionary Soci- congregation was on the outside boys were baptized as the first ety teacher. The old women, of the building when 39 babies, converts. A year later King who are generally the last 49 grown-ups and 50 children Mtesa died, and his son Mwanga stronghold of heathenism, have took their first step toward full began a persecution of the Chris- given up their former worship Christian discipleship.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"The native church is estab- liefs. Turkey is trampling on theran Orient Mission, reports lished to grow in spite of depres- traditions, an indication of new evidence of a gradual change sion and retrenchment," says and higher ideals. among the Kurds which he as- Mr. Neipp. "With rapid growth, Compulsory primary education cribes to the influences of the however, there is the inevitable is her ambitious program. Un- Gospel.

ten den c y for irregularities, til recently 96% of the men, and One evidence of this is that where groups are not super- 99 % of the women, were illiter- the leading liberal mullah held vised. To check this the central ate. By every device possible public evangelistic meetings in church is limiting the number of Turkey is striving tow a r d the open air in Urumia. The out-stations which may be higher educational standards. meetings were announced by no- opened, and is sending out 15 re- She is concerned not only with tices printed and posted every- liable men to organize each out- social and civil liberty, but with where, inviting people of all re- station into a self-governing religious questions. In a book ligious faiths, Christians, Jews congregation." entitled "The Book of the Citi- and Moslems, both men and zen" published recently, the women. They were conducted A Century in Tembuland chapter on Religious Liberty at 7: 30 every morning for the Clarkebury, one of the oldest surprises one by stating, "Reli- first twelve days of the month. gious Liberty does not mean Audiences ranged from 2,000 to missions in the heart of Tembu- merely the right of every per- 5,000. land, was founded in 1830 and son to be free in his own belief, named in honor of the celebrated but it means that every church Almost every day the speaker Bible commentator, Dr. Adam should be free to be established gave ten minutes to condemning Clarke. At that time the coun- and to propagate its ideals by institutions such as hospitals, the use of the sword in the servtry was in a turbulent condition schools and universities; to wor- ice of religion. "What right and only the tact of the mission- ship God as he wishes and to aries and the providence of God believe as he thinks should be have you to want to kill Chrisprevented the mission's destruc- the right of every person. Blood tians? Moses did not. Jesus tion. When the work had been shed in the name of religion has, did not; neither did Mohammed, in existence nine months 20 in the past, been greater than for he pronounced them 'People boys, 30 girls and 15 adults were that shed in political warfare. . . . Liberty is the fruit of the of the Book' and ordered cooperin school. In 1875 a boarding Gospels. Needless to say, this ation with them." Likewise the school was opened by Rev. Peter bold prophet, Husein Jahid Bey, mullah stormed against fanati- Hargreaves. Today this has ac- has met with much opposition by cism, saying: "Mistreatment of commodations for 250. About the Mohammedan press. women and children is squarely 3,000 have passed through Clarkebury since its inception. INDIA against the law and spirit of Islam." The most striking posi- Forty-five of these b e cam e A Modern Miracle tion was his clear declaration Christian ministers. for· religious freedom. "Reli- A short time before his death, gion is free. Let every man em- On the staff are seven Euro- brace the religion that he thinks pean and eleven native instruc- right." tors and several fine buildings -Lutheran News Bulletin.

have been erected during the the President of the Bombay The Fight Against Unlast decade. A beautiful Meth- Legislative C 0 u n c iI, leading touchability odist Episcopal church, cen- Hindu in Western India, said to trally located, seats 700 people. a group of British missionaries: Dr. J. J. Banninga of Pasu- -South African Outlook. I consider it the greatest miracle malai, South India, thinks that of the present day that to this great Gandhi's untouchability cam- WESTERN ASIA country, with its 300 millions of peo- Modern Turkey ple, there should come from a little paign in behalf of 65,000,000 George F. Tibbetts, known for island, unknown by name even to our outcastes is of even greater sig- forefathers, many thousand miles dis- nificance than the emancipation of slaves in America. The re- tant from our shores, and with a years as director of Christian population of but fifty or sixty mil- moval of untouchability from camps for young people in lions, a message so full of spirit and India will accomplish a greater America, has recently passed through Turkey. He speaks of life as the Gospel of Christ. . . . The transformation in this country process of conversion of India to than any other. Dr. Banninga the difficulty of our understand- says: "The outcaste is marked ing what missionaries, Y. M. Christ may not be going on as rapid- by a difference in dress, in hair- ly as you hope, or in exactly the same C. A. secretaries and Christian manner as you hope, but nevertheless cut, in customs; he is shut out friends have to face. Today the India is being converted; the ideas Mohammedans in all lands num- that lie at the heart of the Gospel ber nearly 250 millions. It is claimed that in the Near East are slowly but surely permeating from schools, temples and wells there is an inner decay and at- every part of Hindu society, and -unable even to carryon nor- modifying every phase of Hindu mal business relationships. The thought. untouchable has kept his dis- Changes Among the Kurds tance, from 16 to 64 feet, from tempts are being made to re- Rev. Alfred K. Boerger, ex- the high caste man or woman. store old customs, and revive be- ecutive secretary of the Lu- I have seen a low caste passen-

ger on the train lay his ticket One Hospital's Record gion or doctrine he pleases and upon the ground from where the to adopt any form of worship in Brahman station master pre- Dr. Ernest Neve, who has accordance with his own belief, ferred to take it up rather than been forty-six years in Kashmir, provided that it is not contrary run the risk of having the low says that in the Srinagar Hos- to the duties of a national or to caste man hand him the ticket pital the number of new out- public order or public morals." and perhaps inadvertently touch patients during last year was him." 20,472, and 2,000 were admitted King Prajadhipok no longer to the wards. More than 7,000 has absolute power but in the Islam Aroused operations, including about a new constitution the power and thousand m a j 0 r operations, dignity of the king are con- A European convert to Islam, were performed. The daily stantly emphasized. He appoints H. Marcus, of Berlin, has writ- services in the out-patient hall the members of the executive ten a booklet which Moslems led to the sale of over 2,400 Gos- committee, a group responsible propose to scatter among all pels.-C. M. S. Gleaner. to the legislature and has the English reading people in In- power to declare war, -to make dia and the West. It is a dia- Lepers in Burma peace, and to sign treaties. He logue between a westernized may issue emergency decrees Moslem and an European Chris- Rev. Richard S. Buker, M.D., and he has the power to dissolve tian, and is an attempt to dis- the American Baptist Superin- the legislature. During a trancredit Christianity and uphold tendent in Kengtung, writes that sitional period of ten years the Islam as the final religion for when lepers kept coming to him king will appoint half of the the world. Most Moslem leaders he had to shake his head and members of the legislature, the realize that "orthodox" Islam is say: "I have no place to put you other half to be elected under doomed, and frantic efforts are and no money to spend on you." provisions not yet made public. being made to readapt its mes- They could not understand how The new governm~nt has made sage to suit the spirit of the age. the representative of Christ strenuous efforts to balance the Systematic attempts are being could turn them away. He says: budget. Under the constitution made to weaken Christianity at "I wanted someone to give me princes may hold any appointive its base, as well as on the mis- $10,000 to start a leper colony position, but may not run for an sion fields of Africa, India and but finally I decided that I would elective office. China. not wait to get the colony; I would just begin treating them. CHINA -Darkness and Light. "One day a leper with three A Changing Spirit Self-support-A Goal children came after me. A six- days' journey had literally worn General Chiung of Peking is The North India FieldFi- holes in his feet. There was reported to have said that only nance Committee of the Method- nothing for me to do but take spiritual regeneration can save ist Episcopal Church took the care of them somehow. I said China. following action in September, to God, 'I will do for this leper 1932: the best I can and if another D. S. Tappan, in the Record comes, I will do for him, and for of Christian Work, writes that r. Resolved, That we make self-sup- yet another, and then if it is Thy today there appears to be "no will that I establish a leper col- anti-foreign propaganda. Tl).e port in the Church the chief objective ony, I will do my best with the Chinese are more ready to acof the North India Conference, be- funds that may come.' knowledge their own sins and lieving that only as the Church be- failures; they know their worst comes self-supporting, can it enter "I know now that it was best enemies are those within. Four into that fullness of life, and true the work should grow gradually. leaders have decided to enter spiritual experience and power which From that beginning, with the the ministry, and desire to go to is the heritage of all Christians; and help of the American Mission to theological seminary this fall." only so can it ever become a vital, Lepers we are now caring for evangelizing agency to win others to ninety lepers." Kengtung has Student Christian Service Christ. about 2,000 lepers in a popula- tion of 225,000.-Leper News. Wuhu Academy, south of II. Resolved: 1. That only those Nanking, is training young men churches which are dependent finan- The New Siam Constitution not only to become good Chinese cially on money received from na- citizens, able to earn a living, tionals and non-nationals, who are Siam is a Buddhist state, but but active agents in a program domiciled among us, be regarded as it has always been friendly to of Christian service and brotherself-supporting. missionaries. The new consti- hood. tution provides that the king 2. That the Church be regarded as shall "profess the Buddhist reli- Yuen Peh Tsiao, principal of our unit of work, and in the matter gion," but it includes a section the Academy, firmly believes of appointment and transfer of pas- establishing religious liberty for that China can be transformed tors, the wishes of the respective con- citizens. "Every person is en- only by the activities of stugregations be seriously taken into ac- tirely free to embrace any reli- dents, leading to a new sysfem count. of government based upon demo- 3. That the time allotted for arriving at the goal of self-support from among the selected Christian groups in the Mass-Movement districts, and all other places where possible, be a maximum of five years from January, 1933.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

cratic ideas. He has gathered quirers together, and with the taking the B.D. course. An- about him a devoted body of help of catechists and Bible other helpful move is that of teachers who not only teach women taught them for two sending preachers back to the classes but share their lives with weeks from early in the morn- seminary for a year's study, af- the students in a spirit of com- ing until evening in order to get ter seven years. For them the radeship not often witnessed in in as much as possible. seminary has organized a "Re- Chinese schools. They stress How the Chinese Give fresher Course."- World Call. the life of the Spirit with the result that nearly 100 per cent at- A year ago at Christmas time Religion of the Tibetans tend chapel (voluntary due to regulations of the new govern- the Chinese Christians in one The religion of Northeast ment) and a majority of stu- mission devised a unique plan dents have elected Bible study. for their missionary offering. A Tibet is a combination of two re- Groups of students were organ- large missionary map of the is- ligions. Before Buddhism beized to preach in near-by vil- lands of Malaya and Australasia came the acknowledged religion lages; a school for poor children was portrayed in black and of the land a dark system of is conducted on A cad e m y witchcraft and demons, spirits grounds with student teachers, white. Borneo was cut out and of springs, caverns and moun- filled in with black paper. At tain tops, held sway. Buddhism and other service activities form a practical program of Chris- the appropriate surprise mo- assimilated all this, but also tianity.-World Call. ment, to the strains of hymn af- gave the Tibetan a formal creed ter hymn, the black paper was with incarnations, sin atone- ments and a dogma. This dual removed and nearly the entire.

The Bethel Evangelists 700 present marched up to drop system now dominates every as- their offerings into the basket pect of existence for the Tibetan. Dr. Mary Stone, the Chinese behind Borneo itself. This Innumerable p ray e r s, cere- Christian doctor who is one of brought the contributions for monies, pilgrimages, offerings, the founders of the Bethel Gos- that field up to $546.29 in twelve penances and observances conpel Mission of Shanghai reports months. Chinese offerings from firm his belief that sin, salvation that at Foochow, a hot-bed for one congregation and Sunday and the destined rebirths of his Communists and anti-Christian school have reached $3,600 for future are settled if he will walk student movements, an evangel- the year, or $300 per month. in the way of his fathers. No istic band held a crowd of 1,000 Not only have local expenses camp is made without prayers people twice a day for 27 days. been wholly met, but above $1,- and offerings, and even a hunt- Rain or shine, the people flocked 400 has been sent away in gifts ing trip is safeguarded with sacto hear the Gospel so that schools to flood refugees, to Jews, to rificial fires around which the could not hold classes. People Borneo, to Bible and Home Mis- hunters march with incantations confessed their sins and cried sionary Societies; and about and shoutings. From the bowl for mercy. After that 132 of $400 more flowed out for inten- of sour milk the religious Tibethese came to Shanghai to at- sive evangelism. tan flicks an offering to the hovtend the Bible conference when 500 delegates came from 15 Streams from Nanking ering spirits of the air, for reliprovinces, from as far north as Seminary gion is all and in all. Because of their nomadic life the Russian border of Man- Nanking Theological Semi- the missionary must travel great churia, and from the extreme nary in twenty years has gradu- distances through a land where south of Kwangsi. At the close ated four hundred men who are there is neither accommodation of the meetings over 300 stood now serving the Church in six- nor official protection, and when up to volunteer for Christian teen provinces of the Chinese he reaches the great circle of evangelistic service. Republic, and in three different black tents that is a nomad en- Going Steadily On foreign countries. They are campment, the proper contacts serving twenty-five denomina- must be made before he can meet Amid the unrest and turmoil tional organizations. In addi- the people or witness for his in China, Church Missionary So- tion to the graduates more than Lord.-Evangelical Christian.

ciety workers are able to report one hundred others have taken some centers where there are part of the course, and later JAPAN-CHOSEN "no disturbances of any kind, found their way into Christian A Christian Conference and the work has gone on stead- work. Another three hundred ily and happily." Such is the laymen have taken the corre- An All-Japan Christian Con- case in the Taichow district, Che- spondence course, and through ference under the auspices of kiang, where there have been a it have become more efficient. the National Christian Council number of baptisms. Chinese servants of Christ. Of those and the Kingdom of God Move- pastors have organized Bible who haye taken s e min a r y ment was held last November in schools at a time of year when courses more than 90 per cent' Tokyo. Delegates were divided country people are able to spare are now actively engaged in into three groups to consider time from their work. They Christian service. Christian thought, the Church, gathered Christians and in- Young women also are now and evangelism. The following

are some of the significant res~ Looking for Light the Language School, the Korea Mission Field, and a Rescue olutions adopted: New Life Hall in Tokyo, head~ Home for Women in Seoul. For the past few years the Council (1) Hearty endorsement of the sec- quarters of the newspaper work has held a conference to find ond period of the Kingdom of God of the Church Missionary So~ more effective means of bring~ Movement (1933-34), the major em- ing Christianity into the hearts phasis to be on rural evangelism. ciety in Japan, received 10,400 of all Koreans.

(2) To ask the new Executive to applications during 1931 as a The plans for a forward movement were discussed at the prepare and issue statements in sup- result of newspaper advertise~ I a s t conference, emphasizing port of the proposed five-year plan what students may do as lead~ ments and articles. The appli~ ers ; the evangelistic side of for prohibition; the abolition of pros- cations came from every pre~ medical work; the careful study titution; and an appeal for the elimi- of forward movements in Scrip~ nation of Sunday activities in the fecture in Japan. All this work ture and history; the impor~ is done in closest cooperation tance of right living within the schools. Church and the value of per- sonal work-Korean Echoes. (3) Recommendation that denomi- with the Japanese Church. A national heads confer before opening recent analysis of a single ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC week's inquiries showed 43 from any new work, and that investigation Tokyo and suburbs, 59 from A Mission Ship Wrecked be made of the duplication of mis- From Suva, Fiji Islands, word sionary effort in small towns. has come that the Southern Cross VI, mission ship of the places where there were Chris~ Church of England Melanesian What Has Elevated~apan!… tian churches, and 79 from diocese, had been wrecked on an island November 2, on her first The Japan Times, a Tokyo places where there was no voyage. Two clergymen and paper edited by Japanese and church. For the latter a cor~ the ship's crew had departed in published in English, contains a small launch for the island of the following evidence of the respondence course has been Vila.-Living Church. growth of Christian ideas in worked out. Lutheran Changes in Papua -Record of Christian Work. The Ohio Synod (Lutheran) Japan: Korea's Campaign has arranged with the Rhenish Mission Society to return to the No amount of sophistry will 'hide In 1931, special emphasis was fields situated in the former the fact that it is the Christian work- Kaiser Wilhelm Land (German ers and Christian civilization that laid upon Scripture reading and New Guinea). When German have lifted Japan above the darkness missionaries were not admitted 50,000 families reread the New there during the war, these staof old ideals and backward customs Testament. Last year a booklet tions were provided for by the and put her on the path of progress of six lessons on "Soul Win~ Ohio Synod and Australian and higher culture. . . . Let us ask Lutherans. The Madang field, ning was sent to each of the in which the Rhenish Mission who it was that taught us in this worked for three decades with great sacrifices and where it struggle for uplifting ourselves. The 4,000 churches of Korea, while gathered about 10,000 Chrisanswer is perfectly simple. The a million copies of a small "Life tians, is ceded to the Ohio Synod. of Christ" was put at the dis- The latter in turn gives up the Christians and Christian ideas of posal of church members for Neuendettelsau field, which re~ love, humanity, justice and propriety, turns to its former society. By therefore Christianity. . . . In fact, this arrangement three mission~ ary societies have reached an it may be said without exaggeration distribution among neighbors. agreement upon a very perplex~ that if Christianity as a religion be From January to March, 1933, ing situation. at least a week's revival service making but slow progress in Japan, was planned for every separate A Chinese Merchant in Java the Christian ideas may be said to The director of a large firm have already conquered the country. of manufacturers in Batavia called on Mr. Chew Hock Hin in Help for Geisha Girls church, to be followed by sys- Singapore and talked with him tematic visiting.

Miss Tamiko Yamamuro, the To make the whole Korean Evangeline Booth of Japan and nation "Bible conscious" a num~ daughter of Commander Yama- ber of posters concerning the muro of the Salvation Army, Bible and its practical value says that in her judgment there were placed in store windows, on Christians' front doors, on is no great difference between bulletin boards, and wherever the geisha system and that of people gather or pass. Space licensed prostitution. Of 329 was bought in secular papers to young women received in Salvation Army rescue homes in one advertise the Bible, and back of year, 87 were seeking freedom the whole program there has from the licensed quarters, and 42 from the geisha business. gone up a volume of prayer. -The Sunday School Times.

About the only difference is that Federal Council of Missions a geisha may become a licensed entertainer at the earlier age of Each fall there is held in 12, and many of them become Seoul the Federal Council of regular prostitutes at the legal •Protestant Missions, a delegated age of 18. The Salvation Army . body of the six missions, the is seeking to help the increasing Bible Society, Christian Litera~ host of cafe girls in Japanese ture Society and the Y. M. C. A.

cities who are but a short step The activities of this Council are removed from the life of vice. limited to oversight of work -Christian Century. among the Chinese in Korea,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

about Christ. As a result Mr. venient center, and work through the The average membership in 71 Chew surrendered to Jesus and villages scattered round about. From on his return to Batavia the re- hills and bush and coast line children of these churches was 100 in markable transformation of his have swarmed into Wagawaga, where 1900; it is 96 now. Financialcharacter, life and purposes was they have been willingly received by ly, small churches are expensuch that the proprietor of the Christian people who keep them all sive and their main energies are firm cabled him to visit, at his the week. Many have been converted spent in keeping alive, rather expense, the Chinese church in and sorcery has been wrenched out Batavia. Mr. Chew Hock Hin by its roots, and lives have been won- than in mini,stering to the comaccepted the invitation and derfully transformed; sins are conspent six days in Batavia. The fessed and restitution made. The munity. church was crowded, and he had new Christians have come to Kwato The following table compares the privilege of speaking in 16 for training and go back home to meetings and in five confer- witness to their neighbors. the cost of the smaller churches ences. The Dutch missionary attended all the services. Since NORTH AMERICA with the larger: then the proprietor of the firm has said that he wishes to be- The Responsibility of the 111ernbership come a Christian. The manag- Church 0-100 200 plus ing director testifies that the power of Christ has not only The Rev. James E. Freeman, Number of Churches 34 6 changed his life, but changed his Episcopal Bishop of Washinghouse into a home. His wife ton, has announced the conclu- Total Members ….. 1,592 1,517 gives her testimony to the real- sions of a conference on the soity of his conversion. cial message of the Church, held Current Expenses .. $30,548 $22,439 in the Washington Cathedral -Malaysia Message. during the last days of Decem- Benevolences ……. 5,592 8,869 ber. This conference considered A Cannibal King's Vow the reply to many searching Total Expense ….. $36,140 $31,308 questions, including the query As one King to another, a re- as to whether church people Average Per Member: formed cannibal chief has sent have the wisdom and the courpresents and a vow to King age to prevent recurrence of Current Expenses. $19.19 $14.79 George. He is Ringapat, King present conditions. The sub- Benevolences …. . 3.51 5.85 of the Big Nambas, a tribe in stance of the conclusions was: the New Hebrides, and his vow, Total Costs ….. . 22.70 20.64 sent in care of Miss Evelyn Whatever may be the causes of Cheesman, w 0 man explorer, this depression, it is world-wide. No Per Cent of Total for reads: one nation can save itself apart from the others. The world must learn Benevolence ….. 15.5% 28.3% Ringapat, King of the Big Nambas, that all men are members one of anwishes King George to know that he other. The American people may find It is clear that the increased will never eat man's flesh, white man it difficult to learn this lesson. But or black boy; that he will never kill they must learn it, for we live in a cost is not spent in service to man, white man or black boy, and world which requires world-wide co- others but in self…,preservation. that he will be good to all white men operation. We must learn that inso long as they are good to his boys tergovernmental debts incurred for More Cuts in Home Missions and do not steal them. destructive rather than productive purposes are harmful to debtor and The American Missionary As- The gifts included beads of creditor alike. They must learn that sociation (Congregational) speshells and other ornaments. armaments, being by nature offensive cializes in far-sighted planning and not defensive, are always com- for the conduct of schools and -New York Times. petitive, and that our nation should churches for Negroes, Indians, join with other nations in a perma- Puerto Ricans and Southern Papuans Turn to Christ nent effort to bring them to the low- Highlanders. It was therefore est practicable level. able to weather two years of de- The work at Kwato, founded pression without greatly modiby the late Charles W. Abel, is The World Court is established but fying its plans. But last spring moving forward. One of the we are not yet a part of it. The reign Rio Grande Institute was closed, workers, Miss Scrymgeour, tells of law must be substituted for the over sixty positions were disof a genuine work of the Spirit reign of force. God has made of one continued, and all salaries for of God in New Guinea (Aus- blood all nations of men to dwell to- the present year were cut. In tralian Papua). She writes: gether. The Church of the Prince of December the treasurer re- Peace must stir the conscience of its ported an anticipated shrinkage Our evangelistic campaign resulted own people concerning these things. of $152,000 in receipts below the in a gracious revival which spread to Only as we Christians are ourselves estimated budget. To partially the far corners of our territory. New guided aright can we bring our fel- meet this situation the Adminisfields have been opened up, including low countrymen to the light. trative Committee reluctantly Some distant valleys and hill districts. voted a further reduction in all Cost of Small Churches salaries and in all pensions of The evangelization of these parts more than $300. has been done entirely by our own A study of rural churches in Papuan young men and women. A one of New York's southeastern Religious Motive of the "Y" party of about half a dozen set off counties (completed last year) together, pitch camp at some con- reveals the fact that most of the An effort is being made by 102 churches in this county are Y. M. C. A. leaders to restore small, and growing smaller. the religious influence and the distinctly religious motive which characterized the beginning of the movement. The National Council of the Young Men's Christian Association has issued a call, prepared by the Special Commission on Message and Purpose, which summons secre- taries of local branches to a new

religious emphasis. It suggests Christian "Social Ideals" cooperatives and other organizations that this begin with the gather- The Fed era I Council of among farmers and other groups. ing of little circles of like- Churches of Christ in America "9. Abolition of child labor; ademinded members for prayer, has adopted a new statement of discussion and religious fellow- the social ideals of organized quate provision for the protection, ship, and that tliese groups find Christianity to take the place of education, spiritual nurture and some expression for their reli- the so-called "Social Creed" gious devotion. The Council which was adopted 25 years ago. wholesome recreation of every child. hopes that from these groups The new statement is divided in- "10. Protection of the family by the will spread anew more of that to four sections: (1) An hisspirit of Christian consecration. torical statement, covering the single standard of purity; education- period of the last twenty-four al preparation for marriage, home- -The Churchman. years; (2) an analysis of "The making and parenthood. Pioneering in Minnesota Social Order and the Good Life," "11. Economic justice for the farm- er in legislation, financing, trans- portation, and the price of farm products as compared with the cost of machinery and other commodities which he must buy. "12. Extension of the primary cul- tural opportunities and social services Minnesota has still mission- which is a discussion of Chris- now enjoyed by urban populations to ary territory. The parish of tian principles as applied to eco- Rev. Bert Stanway in the north- nomic relations, industrial rela- the farm family. east includes 7,500 square miles, tions, gambling and speculation, "13. Protection of the individual with famous iron ore mines and the rural problem, marriage and a vast section of cut over timber the home, race relations, inter- and society from the social, economic, land. Except about Duluth the national relations and the methcountry is sparsely settled. Over od by which the Christian ideal and moral waste of any traffic in inthis great territory, Stanway may be realized; (3) a summary toxicants and habit-forming drugs. itinerates, touching 41 commu- of the revised "Social Ideals"; nities and supervising Sunday (4) an appeal for "A New Age "14. Application of the Christian schools in 18 of them. His work of Faith." principle of redemption to the treatis in rural sections where there ment of offenders; reform of penal is no organized church. During The seventeen articles sum- and correctional methods and instituthe past year he made 1,780 marizing the general positions calls on his widely scattered taken are as follows: tions, and of criminal court pro- "The Christian Churches Should cedure. Stand For "15. Justice, opportunity and equal rights for all; mutual goodwill and cooperation among racial, economic, and religious groups.

"16. Repudiation of war, drastic re- duction of armaments, participation in international agencies for the peaceable settlement of all contro- versies; the building of a cooperative parishioners, necessitating his world order.

traveling 20,039 miles. Last sum- "1. Practical application of the "17. Recognition and maintenance Christian principle of social well- of the rights and responsibilities of mer 18 vacation Bible schools being to the acquisition and use of had an enrollment of 801 and a free speech, free assembly, and a free camp at Lake Esquagama with wealth, subordination of speculation press; the encouragement of free 197 boys and girls attending; and the profit motive to the creative and cooperative spirit. communication of mind with mind as essential to the discovery of truth."

this work being under the gen- "2. Social planning and control of The statement closes with an the credit and monetary systems and appeal for "A New Age of eral supervision of Stanway the economic processes for the com- Faith," in part as follows: with a large number of volun- mon good. teer assistants. Constantly he "We may legitimately expect that is finding people destitute of "3. The right of all to the oppor- the collective mind of the nation will food and clothing, and always tunity for self-maintenance; a wider be equal to the intellectual and adhelps them. and fairer distribution of wealth; a ministrative tasks involved, especially living wage, as a minimum, and above under the stress of critical social con- -The Christian Century. this a just share for the worker in ditions, if the moral qualities required the product of industry and agricul- are present in sufficient power. What Navajo Indian Religion ture. our people lack is neither material re- sources nor technical skill-these we At the Government school at "4. Safeguarding of all workers, have in superabundance-but a dedi- Leupp, Arizona, where there are urban and rural, against harmful cation to the common good, a courage between 400 and 500 Indians, conditions of labor and occupational and an unselfishness greater than are mostly Navajo youths, from the injury and disease. now manifest in American life. The first to the sixth grades, Mr. and tasks are beyond us and their accom- "5. Social insurance against sick- plishment will be indefinitely delayed ness, accident, want in old age and or frustrated, unless there can be unemployment.

"6. Reduction of hours of labor as Mrs. A. K. Locker, missionaries the general productivity of industry a nation-wide spiritual awakening increases; release from employment which has social goals. Our supreme and directors of Religious Edu- at least one day in seven, with a social need is spiritual awakening. cation, have to hold forty-odd shorter working week in prospect. services a week in order to take "In our extremity, arising out of "7. Such special regulation of the harrowing social conditions through- care of the groups in religious conditions of work of women as shall out the world, we therefore turn anew . safeguard their welfare and that of to Christ; for the faith of great eneducation; and several sessions deavor, for an overwhelming discloof Sunday school on Sunday on the family and the community. sure of God in the life of humanity, "8. The right of employees and em- for the dedication of innumerable inaccount of the smallness of their ployers alike to organize for collective auditorium. Attendance at the bargaining and social action; protec- dividuals to the creation of a more tion of both in the exercise of this Christian social order, and for the as- 40 services aggregates 4,360. right; the obligation of both to work surance that what needs to be done, -Presbyterian Advance. for the public good; encouragement of with God's help can be done."

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I Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information I i ~,~~=—-,=============-"====—–=",-=,,,—,~'

Tr:easure-House of the Living Reli- 'The Supreme' has been substi- ings and fails to reveal the true gions: Selections from Their Sa- tuted in place of the special essence and power of Chris- cred Scriptures. Compiled and terms used in Arabic, Chinese, tianity. After reading the jewel- edited by Robert Ernest Hume. Hebrew, Sanskrit and the other thoughts of other faiths found 493 pp. $3.00. Scribner's Sons, languages quoted." here, we recall the lines of John New York. 1932. Greenleaf Whittier: This is an astonishing admis- These selections of the best sion. The speaker in the Koran, We search the earth for truth, we portions of the non-Christian the Tri-Pitaka, the Bhagavad cull sacred books and some of the Gita and the Avesta are all nnest passages from the Bible quoted as if "thus saith the The good, the pure, the beautiful. gives evidence of scholarship Lord" were in the text and re- From graven stone and written scroll, and diligence in research. "The ferred to Deity. The loved name From the flower fields of the soul; 134 documents -from which all of Jesus does not appear in the And, weary seekers for the best, passages have been selected text or the topical index. His We come back laden from our quest, were written originally in six- incarnation, His miracles, His To find that all the sages said teen Oriental languages. . . . death on the Cross and His res- Is in the Book our mothers read. Of all the sacred Scriptures re- urrection have no place in this viewed in this volume the mini- "Treasure-house." "The ar- S. M. ZWEMER. mum number of pages in the rangement selected as best shortest English translations is suited to the plan of this book Religion in Various Cultures. By about 37,835." presents these eleven surviving Horace L. Frie,ss and Herbert W. historic religions not according Schneider. Illus. 8 vo. 586 pp. The subjects under which se- to age, birth-place, size, or any $5.00. Holt. New York. 1932. lections are classified fall into preferential estimate, but acfour main parts: Faith in the cording to the alphabetical or- Religion is a subject of pe- Perfect God, Man and his Per- der of their names in the Eng- rennial interest in spite of all fecting, Man and his Social Re- lish language-from Buddhism attempts to discredit belief in lations, and a Program of joint to Zoroastrianism." God and the supernatural. A worship. Theism, in the broad- man's view of religion is largely est sense, and ethics are there- In seeking the least common determined by his early educafore the foci of the ellipse that denominator of all "the eleven tion, by his philosophy and his are made to embrace Hinduism, living religions," Christianity is experience. If he has ground Confucianism, J ainism, Taoism, presented as a sort of Christless for faith in Jesus Christ as the Shinto, Islam and Christianity. religion. The chapter dealing divine revelation of God and the There are references to the with "Salvation" as found in living, personal Lord and Savoriginal text and excellent bibli- Buddhism, Christianity, Hindu- iour, then other religions are ography and indices. The author ism, Islam, Jainism, Judaism, naturally regarded as based on is himself conscious, however, Sikhism, Taoism, and Zoroas- false and superstitious beliefs. that the sum total is a case of trianism, gives selections that This interesting presentation of special pleading-an exhibit of present salvation only by human various religions as related to pearls and jewels from the effort and character building. various cultures attempts a sciethnic religions without the One selection from the New entific study of the subject. Hor- Pearl of Greatest Price, Jesus Testament reads, "I am not ace L. Friess is Assistant Pro- Christ our Lord. In an explana- ashamed of the Gospel for it is fessor of Philosophy at Columtory note we read: the power of God unto Salva- bia University; Henry W. tion," and yet the Christian doc- Schneider is Professor of Reli- "In order that everything in trine of salvation is wholly gion in the Department of Phithe body of the book may be omitted. losophy at the same university. readily intelligible and univer- They do not approach their subsally acceptable, there has been The collection is interesting ject as Christians for they do omitted every proper noun, to students of non-Christian re- not accept the Bible as giving whether personal or geographi- ligions but it shows all their the true historical basis of calor theological. But the ge- beauties without their shortcom- Judaism and of Christianity. neric term 'God' or 'Deity' or The deity of Jesus is denied and the supernatural is discredited.

This attitude affects also their study of other religions-Ani- Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[ 167 ]

mism, Shintoism, Hinduism, michael who has been the leader French Equatorial Africa and Buddhism, Greek religion and for thirty years and has given one on the Mohammedan peril Christianity. For some reason her heart and soul to it in loving in Africa. Here is a smaH but Islam is omitted – almost ig- devotion to Christ and the chil- fruitful storehouse of informanored. The view of the origin of dren, knows well how to tell the tion for those who will read and religion is naturalistic, based on story of this work and of the digest. fear and superstition. Much in- transfigured lives. Those who read it will be enthralled and Community Organization in Reliteresting and valuable informa- perchance may be themselves gious Education. By Hugh Hartstion is given as to the various spiritually rejuvenated. The sects, beliefs, ceremonies and so- horne, Ph.D., and J. Quinter Mil- ler, Ph.D. 250 pp. Yale University cial customs, but for any real story is bea!l.tifully illustrated Press. New Haven. 1932. and is full of human interest and knowledge of these various faiths through it all runs the golden This study, made under the cord of God's redemptive love. auspices of the Institute of Soand their influence on life we must look elsewhere. There cial and Religious Research con- seems to be here a humanistic Copies of the book may be had from Miss tains, first of all, a description of and naturalistic philosophy be- thirteen Protestant community fore which all religions pass in O. Gibson, 4 Alan Road, Wimhledom, Lon- organizations in various parts of don. S~ W., or from Dohnavur, Tinnevelly District, So. India.

review as interesting exhibits of Undaunted Hope-Life of James the country for religious educathe conceptions of man, as to his Gribble. By Florence N. Gribble, relation to possibly superhuman M.D. Illus. 8 vo. 438 pp. $1.65. tion. Its second part is a deforces in the universe. The cul- Brethren Pub. Co. Ashland, Ohio. tailed picture of the situation in 1932. one community, New Haven, tural and practical influence of Missionary pioneering days Conn., and is made up of acreligion in human life is very in- have not passed. Africa still of- counts of the social situation, the adequately presented – as, for fers unoccupied fields with hard- work of the local churches and example, in primitive nature ships, superstition, opposition social agencies, the existing worship and Hinduism on the and opportunity for building on status of church cooperation, one side and in Christian reli- no other man's foundation. and the success achieved in a gion on the other. The numerous James Gribble went out first to community program in religious illustrations in the volume are Central Africa under the Africa education. The entire study is interesting and often illuminat- Inland Mission and spent six distinctly impartial in character ing-but their study throws no years in fruitful service in East and maintains high scholarly light on God and how man can Central Africa. After a fur- standards. come into harmony with the be- lough in America, he and his K. S. LATOURETTE.

nevolent Will that rules the uni- wife returned for five years' fur- O'er Land and Sea with the Apostle verse. Paul. By A. A. Acton, B.A., B.D. ther service in French Equato- 222 pp. $1.75. Fleming H. Revell Gold Corcl-A Story of a FellOWShip. Co. New York. 1932. By Amy Carmichael. Illus. 8 vo. rial Africa under the Brethren 375 pp. 78. 6d. Society for Pro- It may seem audacious and moting Christian Knowledge. Lon- Church. unnecessary to bring out another don. 1932. Mrs. Gribble has given us a book on Paul, but the author, aware of this fact, has attempted Those who have read Miss sympathetic picture of her hus- to popularize the life story of Carmichael's earlier volumes- band as an earnest, noble, de- the great Apostle and, with the "Things As They Are in South voted Christian worker, who background of scholarship, to India," "Lotus Buds," "Raj, the cheerfully faced many difficul- limit himself largely to Paul the Brigand Chief" and others-will missionary. He has succeeded need no second invitation to read ties and hardships. His diary remarkably so that the book this fascinating and inspiring records the prayer: "Oh God, should appeal to the busy pastor, story of the work of the Dohna- purge me, and send me, and put lacking time for extensive revur Fellowship. me into the very thickest of the search. In dealing with Paul fight." The book is full of valu- and the Supernatural, the author Almost at the southernmost able information about Central is not satisfied with naturalistic point of India lies Dohnavur, the Africa and the Africans-the explanations, for the apostle little Christian oasis in India's performed miracles in the true arid and unwholesome spiritual animal life, cannibals, medicine sense of the word and the greatwilderness. Here are brought men, superstitions, manners and est miracle was when he saw the little girls rescued from vile customs, Mohammedanism, mis- risen Christ. The appendix temple service, and small boys sionary life and work and some gives a comparative chronology dedicated to immoral religious of the converts. on the events of Paul's life, but drama. They are purified, beau- alas, there is no map. The style tified in character, mind and The story is clearly told and of the book is as lively as the body and become wholesome, stimulating to faith and service. following paragraph: happy Christians. The work has its pathos, its difficulties, its ad- Its chief faults are a lack of dis- Paul was the type of man who hews ventures, its tragedies, its joys crimination in the relative val- to the line; there was nothing of and its rich rewards. Miss Car- softness or of moral flabbiness in his ues and interest in facts nar- rated and the failure to select and arrange the material with literary skill. In the appendices are five biographical sketches of other missionaries, a chapter on

make-up. As one has finely said, If to pronunciation of Chi n e s e fectively that the clay repre-

you can find a man's quitting point words, Chi n e s e characters, sents the Jews who have mixed you can measure him; bu~ if he has games and recipes. It is com- with other nations. The stone no quitting point, if. he wIll not. take his eyes from the lIght, there IS no plete, practical and interesting. cut out of the mountain smites limit to his accomplishments. Paul There are some hints as to Chi- and breaks the feet of the image was a man of the latter type. ~~en nese religion and temple wor- -this the author concludes rehe was a persecutor he was WIllmg ship. A few references to the lates to the approaching return to go the whole way;. ~hen he was a Christian religion point to of Christ to Palestine when the Christian he was wlllIng ~o ~o the Christ as the greatest of all reli- Jews are again established same thing; and no combmatIOn of there, mixed with other nationmen and of circumstances could ~ake gious teachers. alities. Then the hard clay will him turn his face from the lIght become soft and pliable in the which he had seen on the DamascuS Chinese Children of Woodcutter's hands of the divine Potter. road. He drew a straight line in all Lane. By Priscilla Holton. IIlus. his thinking. 'fhere was never any 12 mo. 68 pp. 85 cents. Friendmiddle position with Paul. ship Press. New York. 1932. S. M. Z. This children's story of small On Saying Good Night. By Lettice Children of the Great Spirit. By ChI'ldren wh0 went t sc h 1 h as Frances S. Riggs. Stories by Flor- PBieclkl.eriInIlgus&. I8ngvlois. . 224 pp. 28. 6d. ence E. Means. 12 mo. 153 pp. 0 00 London. 1932. $1.00. Friendship Press. New too little Chinese atmosphere to York. represent real life in China. The I want you to sit at my bedside, This excellent course of study little ones of five and seven seem And before you put out the light on the American Indians is pre- beyond their age. The story is pared for primary children. short and simply told and gives Tell me a story to think of Mrs. Riggs shows the value of an attractive, though idealistic, After we have said "Good Night." her experience in teaching children and Miss Means is a skil- Here is a hint as to the purful story teller. Leaders are in- picture of Chinese child life. .. pose and .character of these good troduced to the Indians; prac- night stories for children. They tical suggestions are made for Clever Country. By Caroline Gard-. are Bible stories with imaginary making the subject interesting nero IIlus. 12 mo. 159 pp: $1.50. scenes added and a setting for and adapted to children; vari- children. In the introductions ous games and ingenious activi- Revell. New York. 1932. ties are proposed; arts and cra.fts and music are presented, The executive seqretary of the are incidents from the lives of and valuable information is given on the Hopi, Navajo, FusrotnhtiiserveNryurastintrg~cStievrevicsetorgyiveosf modern men, women and chiI- Sioux, Mono, Tlingit, Seminole dren and at the dose of each and Iroquois Indians – each tribe being represe.nted by ,a life and work in the Kentucky story is a good night text and a short, well-told story. God is recognized only as the Creator, mountains. Mrs. Gardner knows thought. Mothers and other lovthe Great Spirit and giver of good things; there is practically the mountaineers and herepic-: . ers of' children will find here no recognition of the need of all children for Jesus Christ as tures the dawn of a new era in vivid, well-told stories of Zac- Friend and Saviour. the history of their. virile but cheus, Elijah, The Good Samar- Off to China. By Mabel G. Wagner. Stories by Helen F. Sweet. 12 mo. underprivileged people.. Under- itan,. Jeremiah, Josiah, Samuel, 146 pp. $1.00 cloth; 75 cents paper. Friendship Press. New York. 1932. standing and sympathy are Jesus and others not so familiar. awakened by this well-told story Ten stories of China for primary children comprise the first ·characterizedby human in:ter- The Answering Glqry. By R. C. third of this book. Then follows est, local color, romance,. hero- Hutchinson. 303' pp. $2.00. Fara course of study, suggestions for teachers-class meetings, ism, humor and sacrificial serv- rar & Rinehart, New York. worship and service activities. Material for the study includes ice. There is nothing in the After ,many novels, plays and scenes from Chinese home life, story to reveal the religious life street scenes and the production and thought of the moimtaineers moving pictures which misrepof rice and silk. The last third or to show any purpose in the resent and ridicule foreign misof the volume contains hymns visiting nurses beyond kindly sionaries, it is a relief to read and songs, Scriptures, Chinese this novel in which the principal proverbs, verses, riddles, sug- and helpful service. It shows gestions for costumes, a key the physical and social needs of character is a foreign mission- these interesting people but ary whose life and work are lacks recognition of their spirit..: sympathetically treated. The ual needs and a desire to bring missionary is a woman who la- bored for forty years alone on an them into vital relationship to island off the coast of Africa. It is a moving story of patient, self- Christ.

The Jew in Daniel's Image. By Mrs. sacrificing, heroic, and conse- G. Wingate. 12 mo. 152 pp. 3s. 6d. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. crated effort for the evangeliza- London. 1932. tion of the savages. The New York Times reviewer character- This prophetic interpretation izes it as "the story of hidden of Kin g Nebuchadnezzar's strength and piety which make dream, discards the idea that the it possible for one human being clay in the feet of the image rep- to take the torch from the hand resents Democracy and gives of his predecessor and carry it seven reasons. On the other along-indomitable courage and hand, Mrs. Wingate argues ef- determination." A. J. BROWN.

WhatAreYouThinkingAboutMissions?

DO YOU KNOW THE BASIC IDEAS AND PURPOSE?

DO YOU KNOW THE FACTS—OR ONLY RUMORS?

The World Is in a Tinw of Crisis THE PRESENT OFFERS A CHALLENGING OPPORTUNITY Those Who Know Write in niB MISSIONARY ~VJRID SOME COMING ARTICLES-no NOT MISS THEM Our Attitude Toward Non-Christian Religions By ROBERT E. SPEER (April) A German View of the Appraisal Report By DR. JULIUS RICHTER, of Berlin John R. Mott – A World-Wide Missionary By PRoF. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE, of Yale A Banker Looks at the Laymen's Report By HUGH R. MONRO, of Montclair Are the Days of Pioneering Past?

By DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, of Princeton What Is the Foreign Mission Enterprise?

By CLELAND B. McAFEE, D.D., Author of "Changing Foreign Missions"

Latin America Revisited By DR. JOHN A. MACKAY, Author of "The Other Spanish Christ"

Christ and the World Today Articles on the Home and Foreign Mission Study Topics Among the Eskimo of Alaska-Today By THE REV. S. H. GAPP, D.D., of the Moravian Church Some Present Problems in the Philippines By DR. S. H. WRIGHT, of Manila On the Edge of the Great Closed Land By BISHOP WARD – A Story of the Siege of Tibet The Present Situation in Latin America By DR. S. G. INMAN, Author of "Following the Conquistadores"

DO NOT MISS THESE COMING NUMBERS Send Your Subscription Today. Ask Your Friends to Read the REVIEw-and Know the Facts THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD DR. ROBERT E. SPEER, President; DR. WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President; DELAVAN L. PIERSON, EditOl' Subscription and Publication Office: Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa. Editorial Office: 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Subscriptions, $2.50 a Year; Single Copies, 25 Cents Each Ask for the REVIEW at Your Booksellers, at the Library, and at the Summer Conferences

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1932

1932

A New Day in Old Persia Wm. N. Wysham Attempting the Impossible in Japan William Axling Leaves from an Oriental Diary Mary E. Moore Today in the New Hebrides Fred Bowie At Herrnhut–Two Centuries After Samuel M. Zwemer

time . .. to Dates to Remember been prominent in the section of poli-

tics relating to physical, moral and JAPAN • CHINA September 17-20-Bi-Annual Conven- mental development of women and tion, Evangelical B rot her h 0 0 d, children. and MANILA Evangelical Synod, St. Louis, Mo. *** Just 10 days to Yokohama! 4 September 28, 29-Committee of Refmore to Shanghai! If you take erence and Counsel, Foreign Mis- Gen. Chang Chin-Kiang has become Empress of Asia or Empress of sions Conference, New York, N. Y. a life member of the American Bible Russia, largest and fastest liners Society, the first Chinese to be placed on the Dire"t Express route ••• October I-Young People's Congress, on that roll. One of his chaplains straight across from Vancouver. Woman's Missionary Society, United gives this testimony: Lutheran Church, Baltimore, Md. If you want to go via Honolulu "In all these years I have never and still do it in record time ..• October 11-16-International Conven- known a single day when my chief then go on Empress ofJapan (the tion of the Disciples of Christ, In- did not find time for studying his Bi- Pacific's largest, fastest liner) or dianapolis, Ind. ble. Always, whether in camp or on on the huge, swift Empress of those long marches across Mongolia, Canada. Yokohama in only 13 October 12-22-Convention of the he gave his devotional life this daily days .•. including a Honolulu United L u the ran Church in food. Always there was pitched the visit! San Francisco and Los America, Philadelphia, Pa. prayer tent or, if we were housed in Angeles sailings connect with a temple, I have known him to lead these "Empresses" at Honolulu. October 18-24-Five Years Meeting his troops in worship in the courtyard of the Society of Friends, Richmond, before a gallery of idols. He believes On all "Empresses," a sumptu- Indiana. in searching the Scriptures." ous First Class … an unusually spacious, comfortable, well-ser- October 19 and 20-New York City. * ** viced Tourist Class. And the cost The annual meeting of The Ameris correspondingly lower! ican Mission to Lepers. Speakers Dr. iUOert Schweitzer of Africa, re- will include Dr. Sam Higginbottom, cently visited England and received All .. Empress" sailings from of India, and Dr. W. C. Terrill, of an honorary D. D. at Oxford. The Vancouver (trains direct to ship- Africa. A program of the meet- public orator of the university deside) and Victoria. Fares include ing can be 0 btained from The clared him to be eminent alike in passage from Seattle. American Mission to Lepers, 156 theology, philosophy, music and medi- Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. cine. Dr. Schweitzer plans to return Fastest by Direc-t Express to Africa at the end of the year. October 23-25-Biennial Convention, Empress of Russia •.• Sept. 10, Nov.,S Woman's Mis s ion a r y Society, *** Empress of Asia ……. Oct. 8, Dec. 3 United Lutheran Church, Baltimore, Md. The Rev. and Mrs. E. E. Calverley Fastest via Honolulu of the Arabian Mission of the Re- November 10-12-World Alliance for formed Church in America, identified Empress ofJapan … Sept. 24, Nov. 19 International Friendship through with both medical and evangelistic Empress of Canada … Oct. 22, Dec. 17 the Churches, New York. work in Kuwait, have recently re- signed as missionaries and Dr. Cal- Information, reservations, from November 25-28-Africa Conference, verley has been made a professor in your own agent, or Canadian Pa- Hartford, Conn. the Hartford School of Missions. cific offices in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Montreal, and November 29-December 2-Interde- *** 31 other cities in U.S.and Canada. nominational Conference on the City and the Church in the Present Dr. O. R. Avison, President of Se- CANADIAN Crisis, Chicago, Ill. verance Union Medical School, Seoul, Korea; also President of Chosen PACIFIC Personal Items Christian College, has been decorated by the Emperor of Japan with "The • Dr. Sam Higginbottom, Principal of Order of the Sacred Treasure, Fourth Allahabad Agricultural Institute, is in Class." America on furlough. Recent action has consolidated the Institute 'with *** Ewing Christian College. Dr. Caleb Frank Gates, of Robert *** College, and Arabic scholar, and a leading member of the American com- The Rev. W. Reginald Wheeler, munity in Istanbul, left Turkey on from 1916 to 1921 a missionary in June 20th, after fifty-one years of China of the Presbyterian Church, U. arduous service. S. A., and for the past ten years an associate secretary of the Board in In 1881 he arrived at Mardin where charge of West Africa and Latin he spent thirteen years as a mission- American fields, has recently resigned ary of the American Board. He went this latter position to return to China to Harput College until 1902, going as a missionary, with his wife and through the Armenian massacre three sons. Mr. Wheeler was former- when he was compelled to abandon ly located in Hangchow, Chekiang, for his house. Dr. Gates became presi- three years and now is to join the dent of Robert College in 1903 and staff of Nanking University to teach made it the most important seat of English and to make evangelistic con- learning in Turkey. tacts with the students. Dr. John A. Mackay, formerly of South America, *** will take up Mr. Wheeler's work on the Board. Dr. Robert R. Moton has been awarded the 1931 Spingarn Medal. *** This is an annual award given by the National Association for the Ad'l1ance- Dr. Daw Saw Sa, of Rangoon, grad- ment of Colored People to the Negro uate of Judson College, has been made who makes the greatest contribution a member of the Rangoon Corpora- to the race during the year. tion, the first Burmese woman to sit on a legislative council. She has long *** The Rev. Arthur E. Harper of Moga, India, has received the degree of Doctor of Education from the Col- lege of Colorado. Dr. and Mrs.Harp- er are just completing their furlough year, during which they have visited many churches in the homeland.

"THE THE MISSIONARY REVIEW

GREATEST CHALLENGE TO NON-CHRISTIANS" THE WORLD IS WHAT GANDHI SAID DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor OF THE WORK OF THE MISSION TO LEPERS Vol. LV HEPT~;MBER, 1932 Xo. J Church groups and other organizations will ——-~——- find liThe New Day of Hope For Lepersll an FRONTISPIECE – THE OLD AND THE NEW IN attractive topic for discussion. THE NEW HEBRIDES September is the time for planning the season's program. Are TOPICS OF THE TIMES .. 467 you including the work for lepers in your meeting plans? Deductions from Deficits AMERICAN MISSION TO LEPERS Spiritual Awakenings in China A Forward Program in Korea 156 Fifth Avenue, Room 1118M, New York Communism in Chile Pledse send d sdmpie set of literdture, including Progrdm for Leper Mission- A Moral Revolt in Brazil dry Meeting, PldYs, Stories, Tdlks, etc. Siam Turns Over a New Leaf NAME ………………………..• ·············•·•···· …..•…..•…..•…… ADDRESS …………………………………………………………….. . A NEW DAY IN OLD CITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STATE .•………….•.•…• PERSIA …………… 471 SOCIETY OR CHURCH ………………………………………………… .. Wm. N. Wysham of Teheran Editorial Chat Among the valuable articles prom- ATTEMPTING THE IM- ised for this number of the REVIEW POSSIBLE IN JAPAN .. 475 DO NOT MISS THIS ON ANY are the following: William Axling of Tokyo ACCOUNT! COME WITH ME TO CHINA LEAVES FROM AN ORI- THE OCTOBER NUMBER will be o. E. Goddard ENTAL DIARy …….. 477 largely devoted to China-a most im- Mary E. Moore of New York portant subject and the Foreign Mis- CHRISTIANS IN THE CHINESE sion study topic for the coming year. CRISIS A KOREAN AT PRAYER. 479 Walter C. Erdman of Pyengyang *** By Frank Rawlinson of Shangha! TODAY IN THE NEW WHAT OTHERS THINK SOME ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE HEBRIDES ………… 481 CHINESE Fred Bowie of Tangoa "The REVIEW is getting better all the time. The March and April num- Kenneth S. Latourette AT HERRNHUT-TWO bers are wonderful!" OVERCOMING DIFFICULTIES CENTURIES AFTER… 485 THOMAS WEIR, Salt Lake City, Utah. IN CHINA Samuel M. Zwemer of Princeton *** 'Vm. H. Gieysteen of Peiping HOW THE CHINESE WORSHIP ERASMO BRAGA OF "The REVIEW is more suggestive James L. Stewart of Chengtu BRAZIL …………… 491 and valuable than ever before. I prize WHAT CHINESE ARE DOING W. Reginald Wheeler of Nanking it for its information and helpfulness for myself and for missionary gather- FOR CHINA EFFECTIVE WAY S OF ings." Mary F. Parmenter of Shanghai WORKING ………… 495 ELIZABETH P. WHITING, Wilbraham, RECENT PROGRESS IN CHINA Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison Charles L. Boynton of Shanghai Mass. TESTIMONIES OF CHINESE WOMEN'S HOME MIS- SION BULLETIN…… 499 CHRISTIANS Edited by Miss Anne Seesholtz P. c. Hsu and others OUR WORLD OUTLOOK. 501 OUR MISSIONARY BOOK- SHELF …….•……. 511 Puhlication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Indianapolis, Ind., under Act of March 3, 1879.

25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year Puhlished monthly-All rights reserved Copyrighted 1932 by the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. r. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PrIfusON, Secretary SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH MILTON J. STAUFFER A. L. WARNSHUlS SAlIUEL M. ZWEMER

HEATHEN WOMEN OF ESPIRITU SANTO. NEW HEBRIDES

A GROUP OF CHRISTIAN STUDENTS IN THE NEW HEBRIDES THE OLD AND THE NEW IN THE NEW HEBRIDES (See page 481) REVIE ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER NINE SEPTEMBER, 1932 Topics of the Times DEDUCTIONS FROM DEFICITS the work. The crisis leads us to look to God more American, British and European missionary intently for wisdom and supplies: Larger insocieties are sharing in the experience of drastic comes have at times led to unnecessary and uncuts that have become necessary on account of wise expenditures for elaborate equipment and mounting deficits. The boards, as a rule, have la:ge executive salaries which are out of keeping faced the situation courageously. The Presbyte- WIth the spirit of sacrificial missionary work. rian Church of Scotland reported a deficit of $125,- The amount given by the churches to missions 000 on the Foreign Mission budget. Rather than has never been adequate to meet the requireundertake to abridge the work the missionaries ments of the work at home and abroad but there requested a salary cut, but effort will be made to has been wide difference of opinion as to how the avoid this by "Christianizing" congregations money may be expended most wisely. Now miswhich give little or nothing to evangelize the sion boards are obliged to retrench in one or more of the following ways: (1) to cut executive salworld. aries at home from 10% to 331/3%; (2) to re- In America the Presbyterian Board of National duce missionary salaries from 5% to 25%; (3) to Missions has cut executive salaries from 10% to reduce budgets for new buildings, native workers 25%, has reduced the staff and has reorganized institutions and advance work on the field; (4)' the five divisions and nine departments of the to cut budgets for promotion and other items at Board into two departments-one of "Missionary home; (5) to place larger responsibility for self- Operation" and the other "Missionary Support." support on the churches in the field; (6) to re- They have cut their total budget $466,000 below duce the number of missionaries and native worklast year. All but $80,000 of this cut will fall on ers; (7) to decrease or omit appropriations for the field. It will be difficult to prevent a great and union and cooperative work at home and abroad. vital loss to the spiritual side of the work under this new adjustment. Some of these retrenchments have been drastic and will bring real suffering to individuals and The Methodist Episcopal Christian Advocate loss to the work-at least temporarily. It will asks "Must we throw the missionaries to the be difficult, but it may be a blessing for high salwolves?" Their small salaries are being cut 25% aried executives to adjust their living more nearly for the next four months and 50 % for appropria- to a missionary basis. A part of the salary re- tions for their native workers. Salaries of execu- duction is met by reduced cost of living at home tives at home. are reduced from 10% to 30%, on and by favorable exchange abroad. Some mistop of a prevIOUS 10% cut. The Board's income sionary institutions have been conducted on a has fallen 37% ($341,288) for the first seven scale too much above the standards of the people months of the year and there is already a debt of that they serve, though far below the standards $630,000. Will the great Methodist Church rise at home. The reduction in home office expense to meet the need or will a further cut be neces- may arouse the Church to undertake larger volunsary? teer service. It would be a blessing if less execu- Most o~ the other denominational boards and tive effort were required to awaken sleeping passome independent missions face a similar situa- tors and congregations to respond to need. It will tion but are facing it courageously -not running be of great advantage if churches on the field are away from it. . led to self-support and self-government. Much In some respects this need to revise budgets will be learned if mission boards will deterrnine downward may not mean disaster or detriment to to avoid accumulating debts.

[467 ]

But the tragedy of the cuts is experienced 1arge number were saved, and many were revived where missionaries have children to educate, and empowered for service. The villagers came where trained native Christian workers are re- running to ask, 'What's the matter, is this a fuleased and have no other means of support, and neral ?' where greatly needed evangelistic and medical work must be closed, withdrawing the efforts to "'Yes,' said the leader, 'we are burying folks relieve a suffering and sin burdened people who who have been dead in sin for many years.' were just beginning to appreciate the offer of life from Christ. There is enough money, there are "What happened in this church is taking place enough workers, there are sufficient supplies in in other Pingtu churches too. God is pouring out the Church at home; there is abundant truth and His Spirit; souls are being born again and others life in Christ to supply every need. Will God's quickened. Yesterday an evangelist came from stewards who have been entrusted with material the East to tell us of a wonderful awakening in and spiritual wealth fail to share their blessings one of our struggling churches." with others in dire need? It would be well to establish an "In-as-much Fund" in the churches at M. Gardner Tewksbury, of the Presbyterian home and in other lands. Mission,. who does evangelistic work among stu- dents, conducted a very successful series of meet- SPIRITUAL AWAKENING IN CHINA ings in Weihsien. "Through personal interviews and two classes a day, all hearts were touched. Rays of light shine through the gloom in Asia The revival is spreading all over Shantung provto brighten the disturbing darkness and distress. ince, and has brought new life to the Christian There are many evidences of spiritual awakenings Church such as has never been before." The blessin the midst of economic and political depression. ing is not confined to the Chinese alone, but India, Burma, Siam, Korea, Japan, China and extends to missionaries. Persia all report new signs of spiritual life and keener interest in Christ and His Gospel. From The Rev. C. L. Culpepper, of Hwanghsien, Shantung, China, Dr. T. B. Ray, secretary of the Shantung, gives another picture of the revival Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Conven- now in progress in that section of the great Retion, reports that for months there has been going public. He says: forward a Christian awakening in which many have been genuinely converted. The movement is "Wonderful things have been happening during growing in power among American Baptists and these past few months. I have never heard such other denominations. earnest prayer for God to reveal to each and every one his sins from the President of China on down A Southern Baptist missionary, the Rev. W. B. to the very humblest beggar. Our people seem to Glass of Hwanghsien, writes as follows: have forgotten everything else but making things right with God. Literally hundreds of people had "There has never been so much deep, genuine been saved in the villages. Prayer meetings are spiritual interest in the churches as now. This held every morning and night and the church is not true of all the people in any of the churches, building will not hold them, so they meet both in but it is undoubtedly true of more than ever be- the church and school buildings. It would take fore. your breath to see how they are going everywhere preaching the Gospel. You keep thinking of the "I had a fear that it was going to develop into Acts of the Apostles. a 'wild fire' movement, accompanied by excesses, but it has been gratifying to note a deep spiritual "What has happened at Pingtu has happened yearning, and the willingness to go anywhere, or at- almost everyone of our stations. Tsining has pay any price to satisfy that longing. Rich bless- had a wonderful revival. Tsinan has had one ' ings have been received by churches on the Ping- continuous revival and fifty or more students tu field. have been saved in the Shantung Christian Uni- versity. Many have been baptized. "In Hwanghsien about ninety people are preparing for baptism and there is a class of instruc- "A great sweeping revival began in Laiyang tion at the city church for all outside the schools. and spread to Laichow. Early morning prayer The parents of some are so bitterly opposed- that meeting would run to nine or ten o'clock and then it is impossible for them to be baptized. The we would have a recess and the meeting would go spirit of revival continues and people everywhere until nine or ten at night, with an hour of rest iJ). seem anxious to hear. We have a new church, the afternoon. No one was preaching or leading, <: full of the Holy Spirit and are rejoicing in but the Holy Spirit. Heavenly fellowship." "It seems that the Lord is going to fill our Mrs. Grace Boyd Sears, Of Pingtu, writes: school full to over-flowing with God-called preach- "Last week God's Holy Spi~it came in power, a ers. Pray that God wiII keep us humble and usable. The field is so great and the multiplied

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

millions all around us do not know. Only the Lord COMMUNISM IN CHILE Himself can save China now." Argentine, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Bolivia, A FORWARD PROGRAM IN KOREA Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Cuba and Nicaragua The Methodist and Presbyterian Churches of have all been in political turmoil during the past Korea are not satisfied with having each individ- few months. The picture of Europe and Asia on ual congregation work only for the people of its the verge of disaster from war, war debts and own~district, but year by year plan a nation-wide economic and social unrest has apparently had campaign to make the whole nation Gospel little restraining influences on the Latin Ameri- can mind. Chile has had several almost bloodless conscio.us, even if not wholly Christian. Last year the Presbyterian movement began revolutions in quick succession. The government with th:ree days of consecration meetings in every has changed hands many times and is now in conone of the 22 presbyteries. All salaried workers trol of the socialists. The people are weary of the in the district, and as many others as could come, dominance of landed proprietors and of military gathered for daylight prayer meetings each day, dictatorship. and other meetings at 10 A. M., 3 P. M. and in the The most astonishing revolution occurred on evening. Missionaries write of wonderful bless- June 4th when a self-appointed "Messiah" seized ing. The leaders scattered to their churches and control of the government. While President Monrepeated the three days in everyone of the 2,600 tero and his cabinet were quietly working they churches of the country where they could arrange were surprised and overpowered by a detachment it. Revivals began all over the country and nearly of the garrison, headed by officers under Colonel every church has had at least one period a week Marmaduke Grove, Minister of War. He exwith grea~ numbers of. Christians revived and plained his revolt by declaring that the entire Renew converts brought in. Churches are now public considered its president wholly incompecrowded, and new ones are being built every- tent and that a Revolutionary committee would where.. In Pyengyang 1,500 women gathered in a take charge of the affairs of the nation in order great Bible class in March, and 1,000 men in J an- to make it a socialistic republic. A missionary writes: uary. This program has included an effort to get every "The Revolutionary committee outlined its 'prochurch attendant to read through the New Testa- gram of reform and published extensive maniment. A large calendar was printed bearing the festoes. Col. Grove gave an address in which the Scripture references for each day so that all might most arresting passage made his hearers gasp in read the same verses the same day. Fifty thou- astonishment. He said: sand of those calendars are in use this year and When we shall have realized the golden dream of Simon 50,000 families reading the New Testament Bolivar everyone will be compelled to admit that we were through. The Korea Mission Field reports: not actuated by motives of personal gain. Two thousand years before our time, Jesus Christ adopted our ideas, "This year the campaign begins with six promising better living conditions to those whom fortune Wednesday prayer meetings and a brief course in had disinherited. This better life was to be enjoyed in personal soul winning. Before Christmas a small another world. We, more humane and diligent than Jesus booklet of the Life of Christ will be distributed. Christ, offer to the proletariat a better life in this world.

Christians will be asked to take these and give "Within the succeeding four days another se- one each to every non-Christian friend in their cret conspiracy was framed among the regiments villages. The booklet gives in Bible language the in Santiago and on June 16th the presidential pal- essentials of Christ's activities and His Gospel. ace was surrounded by tanks and machine-gun Four hundred thousand are already provided for batteries and the messianic career of Col. Grove and it is hoped that there will be at least a million came to a dramatic end.

'published. Each presbytery is now raising money "Despite the fate of the bold atheist who spon- to supplement the fund. After Christmas, when sored the revolt, the socialist movement seems fatmers are more free, hundreds of preaching firmly embedded in public opinion. Chile is fol- bands of three or four each (men or women) will lowing the lead of Spain and Mexico into state will be organized and go from house to house to socialism. Unfortunately, she has not the pre- preach. A new feature of their work be an pared leadership but she is ready to take the risks effort to sell Gospels to all those who received the involved in the trial and error method."

little booklet free, but the effort for decisions for Between 1810 and 1925, Chile was governed by Christ will be the main thing, and the mission- an oligarchy of wealthy land-owners and distin- aries hope for a great ingathering. The plan is gUished lawyers. In 1925 President Alessandri to try to touch every house in the remotest village was elected' by the middle classes who had grad- with some of the million booklets." ually achieved political aggressiveness. The adop-

tion of a number of laws favored the working The American Methodist Church is also strong classes. He was followed by the military dictator, and growing.

General Ibanez who mortgaged the patrimony of But unfortunately some of the evil influences his people and left them in "misery, anarchy and that are undermining the nation come from North the shadow of death." Then followed the world America and Europe in the form of atheism, and crisis, the collapse of nitrate and copper as ex- immoral literature and films. The Brazilian Bap- ports, general bankruptcy and unemployment. tist Convention recently passed strong resolu- More than a hundred thousand bread-winners tions calling on President Hoover and the Ameri- were suddenly bereft of their means of livelihood. can Congress to take steps to stop the flow of de- Dr. J. H. McLean, a Presbyterian missionary grading motion pictures from North America.

in Santiago, writes: ,The resolution says in part: "The elemental hunger of mankind is two-fold. WHEREAS, criminal and immoral pictures give a dis- Men clamor for brotherhood quite as insistently torted conception of American life that result in prejuas they do for bread but they will never find it dice and anti-American sentiment, hurtful ~o this great until they turn Godward through Christ and His Republic, therefore be it resolved, that we petition the Gospel. The frenzied mobs have tried to burn Government of the United States to forbid the exportadown several metropolitan temples because they tion of such harmful pictures to this country. have imagined that the organized church was allied with their enemies. The best sentiment in Turkey, Japan, China and other non-Christian lands has shown the same "No violence has been offered to evangelical reaction toward these degrading films-many of Christian churches, schools or dispensaries. Every which are exhibited in America without arousing pastor and congregation is endeavoring to feed serious and widespread protest.

the hungry, clothe the naked, succour the unfMtu- SIAM TURNS OVER A NEW LEAF nate and care for the sick. Our work is conducted under distressing circumstances yet it has ac- Soon nothing of the old regime will be left in quired a new sanctity since it grapples with pain, Asia. Only a few years ago all who approached poverty and anguish of soul. The divine mission the King and Queen of Siam were obliged to do of our Messiah is that of binding up the broken- so on hands and knees or with the peculiar crouch- hearted and proclaiming the year of jubilee. ing stride that betokens inferiority. The monarch "A moderate socialist government would bring was reverenced almost as a god. On June 24 of relief to many victims of neglect but the present this year the only remaining absolute monarchy effort is false in motive and weak in moral pur- in Asia was suddenly overthrown, King Prajadhi- pose. The constraining love of Christ is not the pok and his queen were made prisoners and a con- popular urge in those who repudiate His claims stitutional monarchy was set up. The King, abso- and reject His aid. So the evangelical churches lute ruler over 11,500,000 people, who was edu- in Chile redouble their efforts. Multitudes who cated in England and had recently returned from ought to turn to Christ have gone off after com- America, accepted the new regime and was re- munism. Occasional volcanic eruptions remind tained as a constitutional monarch. The "rule of us that there is no absolute stability save in Him the princes" has been eliminated and there will who is the same yesterday, today and forever be an earnest effort to .lighten the tax burdens of more. We cannot do our full share of His com- the people, giving them a voice'in the government.

mission without the partnership of intercessors; King Prajadhipok, who is thirty-nine years of surely the Church at home will pray for Chile." age and came to the throne in 1926, is the seventh A,MORAL REVOLT IN BRAZIL ruler of the Chakri dynasty which has been in power for 150 years. He is a Buddhist and is Revolutions have also gripped the largest re- known as an enlightened scholar, interested in the public in Latin America, where the revolutionary welfare of his people and sympathetic with the and federal forces are still striving for mastery. philanthropic work of Christian missions. He or- There is more hope for progress from the moral ganized Siamese Boy Scouts and has promoted revolt led by evangeliealChristians against ig- public health, education and athletics.

norance, vice and other degrading influences that Evangelical missionary work in Siam is almost are sapping the life of the nation. Many of the wholly in the hands of the American Presbyterian best influences come from North America through Church which has thirty American missionaries, the missionaries, teachers and Bible distribution. located in 10 stations, and a church membership The Presbyterian Church is strong, independent of over 9,000. Many Siamese officials have testi- and self-supporting; the American Baptist work fied as to the influence of Christianity in advanc- has just celebrated its fiftieth anniversary and ing educatioJ). and in promoting the general en- has.n9w nearly 500 churches and 45,000 members. lightenment of the Siamese.

A NeV Day In Old

..:( By the Rev. WM. N. WYSHAM, Teheran, Persia Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

PERHAPS no country in the world has ing matter, and, with their natural courtesy and changed so much in the last decade as has quickness of intellect, marvelously receptive of Persia. She has exchanged a worn-out old moral and spiritual truth as well as the best of dynasty for a new one, a spineless absentee king western science and material achievement.

for an energetic giant who constantly visits the Persia holds out a hospitable hand to Christi- far corners of his kingdom, helpless subservience anity along with all the other influences which to Russia and England for a proud independence are molding her future. Christian thought, Chris- characterized by the most up-to-date nationalism. tion education and Christian literature have an Camel and donkey caravans open door in that land today.

have given way to American These changes have had an trucks and touring cars, two- Tcohme e movirearcolene ooff tchheamngoest haans- amazing effect on the power foot trails have been replaced cient civilizations in the world. and influence of Islam in Per- This was influence1 by the by a network of roads to every sia. The Persians have been corner of the land, not yet as nearly 100 % Moslem for cen- smooth as American highways fanatical Moslems who have turies but theirs has been the but passable for motor trans- long fought against Christian Shiah division of Islam, al- port at good speeds; wide ave- teaching. Mr. Wysham tells ways different from the "or- nues have been driven straight the fascinating story of this thodox" Sunni branch, and . through all important cities change of mind which is also abounding in mysticism and where formerly there was a bringing about a change of in heresies of every conceiv- maze of twisting alleyways; heart. The story can not yet able type. Withal, the Persian Teheran, the capital, has been be fully told, but while some genius and temperament have largely rebuilt; a new army, are losing all religious faith, produced a large proportion of well equipped, has been created other Persians are coming to the greatest names in Moslem by the soldier Shah; bandits see in Christ the satisfaction history, and the sheer fanati- have gone out of business; new of their greatest needs. cism manifested annually at industries have been encour- the time of the so-called pas- aged. sion play in Moharram, the By royal command the costume of men has been month of mourning for Shiah martyrs, has per- completely changed and women have been permit- haps surpassed anything in the Moslem world.

ted to abandon the veil, more of them every day Until the last decade this fanaticism seemed un- all blossoming out in western costume. A new sys- abated, and Shiah religious leaders commanded tem of schools emphasizing science has driven out the absolute and unquestioning obedience of the centuries old drill in Arabic and dead sys- Persian Moslems, former Shahs making it a rule tems of thought. Thousands of men and boys to defer to them and to pay their respects to the have learned to read and even girls are now hav- great rnujtaheeds at their headquarters at Qom.

ing opportunities of education. The percentage The inrush of new ideas and influences ·from of literacy has mounted rapidly; ther~ is a re- the west in the last ten years has completely un- markable new freedom of thought and speech and dermined the Moslem stronghold in Persia. The a new interest in Persia's glorious history, litera- government, nominally Moslem, has become secu…

ture and art. lar in policy and, though it has deferred to reli- These changes have brought about a rocking gious leaders in some minor points, has never to the very foundations of the moral and religious hesitated to oppose them decidedly when the attitudes of the people. Many moral safeguards, progress of the Persian people seemed to be at such as they were, have been swept away, age-old stake. Thus, in instituting dress reforms, the gov- superstitions have vanished, and educated people ernment compelled all except a specified number have no longer any Tespect for old religious au- of rnollahs and rnujtaheeds, who had to pass a thority. As a whole the Persian people are eager special examination in theology, to adopt western for new ideas, ravenous for any up-to-date read- dress. Many of the legal powers were taken [471 ]

from those who remained and were turned over docile and blind followers of the mollahs, because to the governmental Ministry of Justice. These of their ignorance and superstition, have caught changes alone have enormously reduced the power a new spirit as a result of recent changes. One of the Moslem leaders; their prestige also suf- Persian traveler who knows the myriad villages fered severely when, in spite of their vigorous of his country intimately has told me that the opposition and outraged protests, tacit permis- universal donning of the Pahlevi hat has brought sion was given by the government for Moslem about a remarkable open-mindedness and toler- women to remove their veils and when far-reach- ance among men in the most remote rural dis- ing reforms in the marriage and divorce laws tricts. Since he now wears the same type of hat were introduced. as anyone else, including the King himself, the The apparent inability of the mollahs to rally Persian peasant feels that he has become a man any public opinion in their favor or to set on foot and he is eager for new ideas. The new roads any reaction to these changes shows how rapidly and quicker transport have made the country and completely the decay of Islam in Persia has smaller and unified. Such changes weaken fanat- progressed. The mollahs have become a laughing- icism, and the mollahs have been unable to arouse stock among intelligent Persians, who seem gen- any excitement. over what a decade ago would, erally to have abandoned the study of the Koran, have been considered unpardonable insults to the the daily prayers, the fast of Ramazan and the old religion.

great pilgrimages to Kerbela and Meshed. The A personal experience should make this vividly opinion is freely expressed that the legalistic ob- clear. As I entered Persia in the spring of 1921, servances of Islam are hopelessly out of date for I remember passing caravans carrying empty the new Persia and, while many educated Per- wooden coffins back to Kurdish villages, where sians call themselves Moslems, their adherence is wood was scarce. These were used again and purely nominal, and they are usually ready to con- again to transport the bodies of faithful Moslems demn the religious leaders as entirely reactionary more than a thousand miles to be buried in the and a menace to Persia's progress. holy ground around the sacred shrine at Meshed.

The New Nationalism For centuries, at the cost of much sacrifice and hardship, thousands of such departed pilgrims This same effect on the attitude of thinking from every nook and corner of Persia have found Persians as to Islam is brought about by the new their resting-place in the venerated shrine ceme- nationalism. They are proud of their new Shah's tery. In 1929 I stood outside the great shrine and energy and leadership and of the great 'efforts for watched Persian Moslem workmen shovel thou- progress which the national leaders have made. sands of the bones of the faithful out of the. way They are quick to criticise if they feel that ad- as they dug foundations for a new boulevard bi- vance steps are made too slowly. Everyone talks secting the city and replacing the narrow, crooked of the need of Persia to renew her glorious alleys of the past. The ancient cemetery was achievements of the past, and the Arabs are completely wrecked and yet, not only was there blamed for many of the ills of the country because no riot in formerly fanatical Meshed, but I never of their conquest of Persia in the seventh century. heard of a serious protest anywhere at this dese- One hears repeatedly that the Arabs burned the cration of one of Persian Islam's historic sacred ancient libraries of Persia, destroyed her monu- places.

ments and ruined her irrigation systems. Efforts When such things are possible in Persia, one are being made to reduce the number of Arabic cannot get away from the feeling that one is wit- words in the Persian language and to substitute nessing the collapse of one of the greatest and Latin characters for the Arabic, as has been done proudest of the world's religions.

in Turkey. The Persian nationalists believe that The Religious Changes the Arabs tried to superimpose an inferior cul- ture of the desert upon Persia's superior one and This astounding change in the religious situa- that, in so far as they succeeded, their influence tion in Persia opens up a long prayed-for oppor- was entirely harmful. Of course, Islam was all tunity for the Gospel of Jesus Christ; it also the "Arab culture" there was and, while the Per- means an opportunity for communism and of sian nationalist may not as yet openly say so, in this it is well to speak briefly first. Russia is the his heart he doubtless feels that' the religion of most easily accessible neighbor to Persia and Mohammed was the most far-reaching of all the there is naturally much intercourse of a commer- Arab influences which he is today so eager to con- cial and other nature. Ever since the War a large demn. number of White Russians have made their homes Even the peasants and other members of the in Persia, but in the past five years an influx of lower classes, who have been for centuries the Bolshevists has also occurred. These communists'

A NEW DAY IN OLD PERSIA

have been very zealous in propagating their ideas hopeless fanaticism and intolerance into the conand have scattered their literature all over the fidence and cordiality with which the messenger country, especially in the northern provinces. It of Christ is received nearly everywhere in Peris hard to say how much real success they have sia today. "Love melts what the hammer cannot had in winning over individuals in Persia to com- break."* munism, because Persians naturally fear the political menace of the colossus to the north and The waning of fanaticism showed itself first their whole history and background seem entirely in the increase of Moslem patients in the hospiout of harmony with communism's basic ideas. tals and pupils in the schools, until for many In short, Persians do not desire to become com- years the large majority in most of our institumunists, but the Russian preaching of atheism tions have been Moslems. Then here and there and the doctrine that "religion is an opiate of the brave souls dared to accept openly the Gospel mespeople" are dreadful pitfalls spread in the way sage, but for years the tiny churches passed of Persians today who are giving up their historic through great tribulation, not only of persecution allegiance to Islam and, sadly disillusioned, feel but of heart-sickening experiences with renegade themselves swept into the full current of modern Moslems who sought baptism for ulterior motives. life without any of their former moral and reli- It is only in the most recent years that little gious safeguards. bands of tried men and women in various centers have by their transformed lives scotched forever The final answer as to what progress. commu- that age-old lie that "a Moslem can never become nism will make in Persia depends upon Christi- a sincere Christian." With the greater freedom anity. The Gospel of Jesus Christ is for every and tolerance of the last decade, the stream of nation, but it seems peculiarly suited to this an- sincere inquirers has rapidly grown larger until cient people who, with racial background so simi- in one city in.1931 more Moslems confessed Christ lar to our own, have all the keenness of intellect, than in all the sixty years of missionary endeavor strength of imagination and artistic temperament there. The hospitals, and especially the schools, needed to flower out into a wonderful new era have not only held their prestige but have proved of their history if they have full access to the most effective centers of evangelistic effort, and a truth and beauty of the Gospel. Truly the soul most promising amount of Christian leadership of the Persian seems to be naturally Christian. for the new church of Persia is developing all over This was amply demonstrated by the rapid prog- the land. In addition, open evangelistic work of ress and heroic deeds of the church in Persia dur- a non-controversial nature is now possible, and ing the first six centuries of our era, and that last year a series of evangelistic meetings were would surely have been an outstanding church held in several cities wit./,Lamazing interest and today, had it not become a martyr church when results. In these meetings it proved wisest to the blight of Islam struck Persia. Ours is the ignore Islam entirely and to appeal to Persians responsibility to see to it that in this new day of as hungry souls weary of sin and ready to know freedom Christ is fully known there again, lest and accept a divine Saviour. atheism and crass materialism bring a deadlier blight in their wake. New Literature for Persia Fortunately the forces of the Gospel have for A clear illustration of the new receptiveness of decades been building up a prestige which com- the Persian people and their interest in the Gosmunism can never hope to overtake. It has been pel is found in the enormous increase in the disalmost a century since the first modern mission- tribution of Christian literature, particularly in aries began their work in Urumia and, although the past five years. A committee representing for many decades they seemed to make no impres- the two great missions at work in Persia has presion whatever on the wall of Islam, they were pared, in an attractive form, nearly a hundred succeeding far better than they dreamed. It is new titles of books and tracts, and these have only now that those of us at work in Persia ap- gone out to every nook and corner of Persia. They preciate the great achievements of our predeces- have been written to meet the needs of old~fash­ sors from America and England of bygone dec- ioned Moslems, of wandering souls without any ades. At a time when it was dangerous to life faith, and of Christians new and old, and they to speak a good word openly for Jesus Christ, are finding an eager perusal in a land where thouit was their Christian character, shining like sands of men and women have but recently bebeacons amid the darkness of Moslem morality, come literate. In 1931 more than a million pages their homes of beauty and peace bearing silent testimony to the power of the Lord Jesus, their • As I write this in the homeland, the cablegram comes of the sacrificial service in hospital and school, which decease of Rev. J. W. Hawkes of Hamada-n, after nearly fifty-two year after year gradually changed an apparently years of missionary service in Persia. He had personal recollections of the first missionaries to Persia, and one could thus picture in him the whole century of nlissionary work. all but the last decade or two seemingly without fruit among Moslems.

of this Christian literature was distributed and along with former Jews, Zoroastrians and Bahais, it is not only proving potent in bringing about mingle in full fellowship with Armenian and a new understanding of the Gospel and a willing- Assyrian Christians. The Persian church is an ness to receive it, but it is a blessing to the new eloquent testimony to the power of Christ to cast church and an ideal antidote to communism and out age-long racial and religious animosities.

all thepoiso~ of secularism in Persia today. Moslem converts are rapidly growing to outnum- Now that the natural courtesy and hospitality ber all others in these churches, and more than of the Persian temperament have been freed from one church is entirely composed of former Mos- the bondage of fanaticism by the new influences, lems. Therefore the great problem of providing there are many examples of the increasing esteem a home for Moslem converts within the church, in which Christianity is being held. Here again so acute in other Moslem lands where sporadic the faithful work of the earlier missionaries is converts are often ill at ease among those who bearing fruit. Slowly our religion has lived down have a Christian ancestry, has already been solved the evil reputation which it had gained through in the Persian church by the nature of the church the twisted ideas of Christianity found in the itself. Much of the leadership is also already in Koran and in Moslem traditions, and through the the hands of former Moslems, and as one takes lack of contact which Persian Moslems have had stock of the quality of the average congregation with true Christianity in the past. The consist- and notes the high level of intelligence and lead- ent lives of an increasing number of Moslem con- ership ability, especially among the young men, verts has greatly strengthened the examples of one has little fear for the self-support and self- the missionaries themselves. One of the earliest government of the Persian church. This was converts of all, once a fanatical Kurd, has for a strikingly evident in the all-Persia church confer- generation been a respected physician in Teheran, ence at Teheran in the summer of 1931, at which known far and wide as a consecrated Christian more than 200 delegates from 19 churches, a ma- eager to win others to Christ. Moslem women jority of whom were former Moslems, met for a have long formed 'his largest group of patients. week of inspiration and of planning the church's In many Persian cities former Moslem men and future. The" addresses and resolutions of the con- women have openly confessed Christ for years ference were characterized by a,deep devotion to and have gained the full confidence of Moslem a full-rounded Christianity and an appreciation friends by their integrity and thoroughly Chris- of the church's duty to bring all Persia to Christ.

tian point of view. Among Moslems, generally in The church in Persia, so new and so free from the more progressive cities, it has already become historic impediments to churches in other lands, a matter of slight comment when Moslems are has a unique opportunity to profit from mistakes baptized, and this new tolerance will eventually elsewhere and to blaze fresh trails' of Christian spread over the whole country. progress. "The missionary situation is ideal, with Some months ago the son of one of the leading the American Presbyterians and the Church Mis- mujtaheeds of Persia was converted while a stu- sionary Society of Englanrl the only two large dent in a mission institution. When friends missions at work. They Qlvide the field and work rushed to the father with the news, he amazed with each other and with two or three small socie- them by replying: ties in the utmost harmony and cooperation. The "What of it? Isn't Christianity a good reli- Persian Christians themselves are determined gion? I chose my religion and shall always re- that there shall be but one church in Persia, and main a Moslem. But this is the twentieth century are completely one in spirit now though content and my son is free to make his own choice." to leave the exact form of the organization of the Such an attitude is of course as yet exceptional, church until its fuller development. In the mean- but the trend of opinion is plain and the new tol- time, missionaries are endeavoring to avoid creat- erance and spirit of fairness are certain to be of ing all possible future obstacles to this great aim.

incalculable benefit to the progress of the Gospel There is now interchange of membership among in Persia-and to Persia herself. all the churches and a federation of the churches The New Church in Persia in certain general standards and in the beginnings of "home mission" work. Plans are under way Under such favorable conditions in the new for a form of joint ordination of the young men Persia, missionaries have recently made great who will compose the future ministry of the strides toward reaching the ultimate goal of all church, and it is hoped that a theological depart- successful mission work-the estd>lishing of the ment to be connected with the American College Church of Christ in that land. In many of the of Teheran can train candidates for ordination important cities of the land Christian churches for all Persia. Constant efforts are being maCe now flourish and III them converted Moslems, to let Persian Christians themselves govern their

ATTEMPTING THE IMPOSSIBLE IN JAPAN

own congregations as rapidly as they can do so, land some day, and church history may well charand unceasing stress is being laid on the ultimate acterize the present movement in Persia as the responsibility of each Persian Christian to be an beginning of the final victory of Christianity over evangelist to his own people and to the whole Mos- the one rival which has seemed until now to be lem world. Since the history of the spread of in- as impervious to the loving service of missionanumerable heretical sects of Islam marks the Per- ries as to the battering-rams of crusaders. Howsians as born propagandists, there is real hope ever that may be, the present triumph of the that with the "Good News" at last available for Gospel in what has been one of the most difficult them to pass on, they will reach this great ideal of all mission fields should give encouragement of every truly successful Christian church. and new hope to many troubled souls who have felt that Christianity has been failing to gain in If the church in Persia continues to fulfill its recent years, and brings vivid testimony from present rich promise, its influence On the whole still another quarter of the world to the truth of Moslem world should be immense. Already the a recent statement by a Chinese Christian college great cracks in the apparently impregnable Mos- president that "there is for the modern world only lem wall which have appeared in Persia are an one religion-Christianity." earnest of what is sure to occur in every Moslem Att.empting the Impossible In Japan I By the REV. WILLIAM AXLING, D. D., I "~I I Tokyo, Japan The Tokyo Misaki Tabernacle and the Fukayawa Christian L Center; author of the "Life of Kagawa"

T HE Christian forces engaged in the King- worn itself down' into a groove. In the face of dom of God Campaign in Japan have at- all this, the Christian forces in ninety cities and tempted to rally every Christian and every prefectures united in organizing District Commit- Church behind a united nation-wide movement tees for the purpose of planning and conducting and to create a spiritual solidarity among the campaigns. These committees have formed a net- Christian forces of the Empire. This is some- work of evangelistic units across the empire and thing new, not only in this land but in any land. most of them have conducted advance movements in their own localities. This is an effort to give the Message of Christ to every group and every class-30,000,000 farm- Complete statistics are not available but reports ers; 5,278,000 induStl'I-!1 and factory workers; indicate that during twelve months 1,278 meet- 597,000 fishing folk; 459,000 miners; 1,033,000 ings were held in 248 cities and towns; 712 employees in transportation services and the 1,- churches participated in these meetings ; the total 158,000 toilers engaged on public works. These attendance was 262,344, and 13,837 signed cards classes and masses have been left practically un- as inquirers. touched during the past seventy years of mission work in Japan. This Movement has also set out The Kingdom of God Weekly has leaped from to humanize and christianize the social and indus- an ardent hope, born in the heart and brain of trial order and make the Christ's Way of Life the Dr. Kagawa, to a weekly circulation of 30,000 standard in every relationship. This has never copies. At the rate of 1,600,000 copies a year been done in any land and which a large section everywhere it is hailed as one of the most effecof the Church of the West has never recognized tive evangelistic forces that has ever been released as a vital part of its program. in this Empire. A cl~rk in a Yokohama firm, out of his meagre salary, ordered 200 copies every The hope is to raise the number of Christians in week and distributed them among his fellow- Japan from 250,000 to a million, not in order to clerks and friends. Judge Mitsui, of the Tokyo glory in numerical strength but that a creative Juvenile Court, uses 70 copies a week among the force may fix the ideals and set the pace in every juvenile delinquents whom he is trying to lead out phase of the nation's life. into a new lifE!: The Reinanzaka Church, Tokyo, sells 200 copies every week among its members Nothing runs its roots down so deep as religious in order to give them a full-orbed vision of the nrejudice; nothing is harder to overcome than de- Kingdom task.. Other churches are doing the nominational isolation, especially when it has

same. The story of the growth of this paper is a Christian, insisted that they wanted a religious one of the romances connected with this move- message and the more Christian the better. At ment. the close of the message the local pastor asked that decision cards be distributed, and while he The campaign is making large use of three of made a ringing plea for decisions a good number Dr. Kagawa's books which are aflame with the of the audience signed cards as inquirers. evangelistic message: "New Life Through God," "Meditations About God" and "God and the Gos- The holding of a Christian evangelistic meeting, pel of Divine Love." The country is being sown closing with an appeal for decisions, in a governwith these silent but potent messengers which find ment primary school is something which never an entrance where no evangelist's or Christian's could have happened anywhere in Japan a few voice could be raised. years ago. It shows the turn of the anti-religious tide which has been running with such tremen- Five small books have been especially prepared dous force during the past fifty years among the for use in follow-up work with inquirers. More intellectuals and educational leaders of the emand more we are coming to realize that it is not only inexcusable neglect but a crime before God pire. to lead a hungry heart to take an initial stand Later, the writer was asked to help in a camfor Christ and fail to feed the flame of faith that has been kindled. paign in two churches in an industrial centre. Never during almost thirty years in Japan have I This campaign has made its influence felt far seen so many laboring men in a Christian church, beyond Christian circles. After Kagawa spoke in wearing their working garb marked with the em- Osaka, the Osaka Mainichi, an influential daily, blem of their trade. At the close, one-fifth of invited him to hold a series of Christian meetings those present responded to the invitation and under its auspices, promising to put its circula- signed cards as inquirers. In the other church tion of a million copies back of the meetings for the building was packed with young people from publicity purposes. a neighboring factory.

Not long ago the Chugai Nippo, an outstanding Communism threatens to capture some of the Buddhist daily paper in Kyoto, related to the best minds and the finest spirits among the stu- Shinshu sect of Buddhism, came out in a ringing dents and to entrench itself in industrial centres editorial saying that the Kingdom of God Cam- and among the peasants, but it is doing so largely paign was one of the best movements ever because the Christian Chnrch has failed to think launched in Japan. and speak and work in terms of the problems of our day. If the Christian Church will arouse it- Of special significance is the fact that last Oc- self and face the challenge it still has a chance to tober, in one of Kagawa's meetings in Kyoto, win out in this fierce fight for the soul of Japan. Nishida Tenko, a well known Buddhist priest signed a card indicating his purpose to accept the The Kingdom of God Campaign is no one-man Christian faith. During the past ten years Mr. campaign, but is a movement of the Christian Nishida, as a Japanese St. Francis, has attracted forces of the nation. Kagawa is its outstanding the attention of the whole nation. He himself has figure. He conducted a special effort in three of lived a life of poverty and has espoused the cause Japan's northern cities in which 1,800 people of the poor. He has organized a Mutual Help signed inquirer'S cards. Order, the members of which live a communal life. The doors of this Order are open to any- A Mass Conference for Laymen and Laywomone who is in trouble or in need, either spiritual en, held under the auspices of the Kingdom of or physical. The members of the Order agree to God Campaign at Nara, was the second in the render any kind of service at any time and in series of conferences which the movement put on any place, even of the most menial type and with- in different parts of the empire in order to mobilout any stipUlated remuneration. ize the laity and train them for aggressive and effective participation in the campaign. Communism is making tremendous inroads in student centres, as well as in the industrial areas The first conference, held in Tokyo for Central and among the peasant class. The doors, however, and Eastern Japan, was attended by a total of are not closed to the Christian message. The over 1,000 delegates representing every city and writer participated in a campaign in a rural town province within the area which this gathering where the local committee arranged to hold the tried to serve. The interest manifested, the conmeetings in the auditorium of the public primary tagious spiritual atmosphere which characterized school. When I expressed concern as to whether every session, the fine fellowship which marked my message, in which I expected to major on the the meetings and the high purpose to' carryon, evangelistic note, would be welcomed in such a which was expressed in every period given to displace I was told that the principal, although not cussion and prayer, caused this conference to stand out as one of unusual significance.

from an Oriental

..:( By MARY E. MOORE, New York Secretary of Young People's Work. Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church. U. S. A.

Tokyo, August 25, 1931 were much impressed with the large Sunday T ODAY I had a long talk with Gladys Walser. school in the West Gate Church where they It is hot and not particularly comfortable, have over 2,000 … We revelled in the dazzling but Mrs. Walser is waiting for the arrival whiteness of the Korean garb-probably due of Lindbergh, so heat is forgotten. She was tell- to much beating from little wooden ironing clubs ing me of her particular hobbies which are "cook- … We heard rumors of war from Manchuria.

ing" and "peace." . Drove down town and saw war posters every- "The one thing my mother taught me to do was where.

cook," said Mrs. Walser. "When Later~n the China Sea my sister and I graduated from college we were given a cook We returned to Seoul and took book, the entire charge of the a boat from Chemulpo to Chefoo.

kitchen and told to proceed." It was a Chinese boat, the Litung, Down in the Terajima district, and had six hundred Chinese on a most needy section of Tokyo board, fleeing from Korea due to where 39,000 people gave their persecution resulting from land lives in a fire during the time of troubles between Chinese and the great earthquake, a House of Koreans in Manchuria.

Hope (Kobokan) has been start- Peiping, China, October 7, 1931 ed. The women make hooked rugs and do other work. Mrs. Mrs. Leynse took us for a visit Walser has cooking classes to to three Christian homes. It is teach the Japanese women to use part of the work she loves to do- cheaper cereal and spinach in- this visiting! We visited the stead of so much polished rice and home of a very wealthy Chinese pickle. lady. There were many court- Princess Shirakawa has become yards as a part of her six hun- interested in these classes and dred room house, and off of one asked to have one started for the of the most beautiful inner gar- women of noble rank. Such a dens we were shown into a re- class now meets in her own home. ception room w her e tea was The members give liberally to A MISSIONARY AND KOREAN HOSiJ'- served and we talked about her help raise the budget of 600 yen ESS BESIDE SOME PICKLE JARS family. I shall never forget the for the Social Center. little rock garden and the thou- The Women's Peace Society of Japan, under the sands of gold fish. As we took our leave, two presidency of Michi Kawai, is an active organiza- little round boys wrapped in many layers of tion. Formerly the work of good will cultivation jackets, for it was a cold day, came in from school consisted largely in caring for tourists, but at the with their amah. When they saw us they drew suggestion of Mrs. Walser, peace literature and back in dismay, but were finally prevailed upon pageants have been introduced in the schools, es- to come forward and greet us. With boys like pecially at Christmas time. that growing up under a wise Christian mother, Pyengyang, Korea, September 22, 1931 China has hopes. Our second horne was that of a Chinese bead Louise Hayes drove us around to visit most of merchant-simple but clean, with its reception the seventeen churches in this great city. We room, stiff chairs and table and tea equipment.

[477 ]

A refugee son from Manchuria had just arrived General Chang Tse Kiang, head of the Bandit and there was much excitement, but we were Suppression of Kiangsu Province, has been using greeted with all friendliness. his influence to urge Chinese Christians to pray that their own sins of selfishness, lack of conse- It was to the miserable abode of a riksha man cration in individual living, indifference to govwe went last. An untidy little girl with a bright ernmental matters, be removed. "When China smile, opened the gate and invited us to come in. prays to have her own sins removed there will Except for the courtyard there was only one in- be no need to fear Japan for the answer is with closure with a brick k'ang and some iron kettles, ourselves," says he. a few farm implements, a broken riksha-to make this "home." Some dried weeds and a few stray These are almost the exact words of the sticks of wood had been gathered thriftily and Manchurian banker who shared the second step were waiting the evening time when the family of the car with Sam Dean on one of his trips would assemble, warm their hands at the meager down from Mukden last· falL Both men were blaze while it also cooked the sweet potatoes or strapped on by leather belts to prevent their millet. Afterwards, all would retire to the brick falling off should sleep o'ertake them. Speaking k'ang and go to sleep in preparation for another of Mr. Dean-no mention of Peiping is complete weary day. A miserable dog emphasized anew without mentioning his unique service as OrIgI- nator of the School of Practical Engi- neering and Architecture. The evan- gelistic work carried on by his students in the villages near Peiping is worth a visit to China just to see and experience.

Shanghai, October 24, 1931 Mrs. Millican and I went to see Mrs.

Lee today. She is the wife of a wealthy Chinese broker. It was a bit awesome to pass the Sikh guards at the gate and enter the park-like inclosure. The house is set in a colorful background of green shrubs and gay flowers. For her hobby, Mrs. Lee conducts a kindergarten in her home. The children were practicing TECHNICAL CHRISTIAN TRAINING FOR CHINESE MEN-ENGINEERING for Christmas-rugs were up and on that highly polished floor activities for me the wretched existence of that animaL were taking place which would produce nervous (One does not talk of dogs and their habits in collapse in an American housewife. Mrs. Lee sees· polite society in the Orient.) For all the lack of her home only as a place for service. What if cheer in the home surroundings, there was no scratches do appear and furniture gets battered- warmth lacking in the hospitality of our little children are to be considered first. She loves Chinese hostess. every minute of the time the children are there!

Nanking, China, October 20,1931 We also met Miss Li Gwan Fang. Miss Fang is editor of The Woman's Messenger Three fascinating experiences today! A visit which has at present a circulation of 2,000 and to the tomb of Sun Yat Sen on Purple Mountain. sells for $1.20 (Mexican) a year. (Divide by four There were many steps but a perfect view of the to estimate price in American dollars at present awful flood area. rate of exchange.) The aim of the magazine is to At five o'clock we went off to be guests of give the Chinese mother in the home a broader Madame Kung, whose husband is Minister of In- outlook and a greater skill in performing home dustries. The occasion was a special prayer meet- duties. Some features have been series of aring, called at the request of General Chiang Kai ticles on "Women of the World" and their Shek and Madame Chiang. The latter was there place in international life; home problems; in person and looked every bit the First Lady of translated stories such as "Ramona," "Hans Brinker," and "The Secret Garden." Miss Fang the Land. is writing a book on "Famous Women of China" Throughout China the Christians are meeting to pray earnestly for the future of their country. I could not understand a word, but I never "felt" and has also published a pageant, "Mothers of such prayers in my life. the World."

A KOREAN AT PRAYER

Canton, China, November 1, 1931 That evening Miss Florence Lei told me of the Young People's Conference held in Soochow in Oc- Such a busy day! Here is a strong Christian tober. The young people had said that some of young people's organization. We had hardly made the present weaknesses of the church were exour first talks when we were asked how young and tremes in preaching, conservatism, too little worold can cooperate in the church. ship, too much preaching, lack of social life, no tOeal message in sermons and poor organization of "The older people think we don't know anything material; leaders were too self-important, not and can't take responsibility," said one young keeping up to modern times. (There-nothing man. "How can we prove that we do and can?" wrong-except- ?) The young people are chiefly interested in communism, science and material We discussed this same question later at an- things, but the solution as worked out at Soochow other conference. One older man pled with the was to be found in a paid Young People's Secreleaders to use the same skill and patience in inter- tary, a fund to use for work with youth, a retreat esting the young people in the church that they of leaders to plan an immediate, tentative pro-· do in fishing. "You don't throw stones into the gram to help take care of the most glaring laeks. water," said he, "when you want to catch fish." "Most of all," said Miss Lei, "we felt the need It sounded familiar to hear Mrs. Kwang talk of advisors with religious experiences to guide us, about raising money. "I don't ask for money. I not older people to scold." ask for a chair, a picture, or a brick, and I get them."

A Korean at Prayer By the REV. WALTER C. ERDMAN, Germantown, Pa.

Missionary of the Presbyterian Church to Korea A YOUNG man was sitting cross-legged on a glade, neither aroused his curiosity nor disturbed .I"l.. flat-topped boulder, his hands upon his his concentration. He made no movement to ob- serve us, though it must have been startling to knees, immovable in meditation. He have a group of foreigners, barbarians from bemight have been a "White Buddha" on its pedes- yond the Great Peace Ocean, in strange outlandtal. He did not glance at passers-by and his un- ish attire, suddenly break into the sunny silence seeing gaze was not disturbed by the brightness of that secluded hollow far up among the hills. of the noonday sun. The more ambitious of the climbers went on The ashes of a dying fire were just below his to the summit of the peak. Some remained to feet. On another boulder near at hand were a rest and eat a noon-day luncheon on the edge of brass bowl and spoon and in a bag a few handfuls the cliff beyond the spring and to await the of rice. A dozen yards away in a hollow place others'return. A deep valley wound away among at his right an ice-cold spring bubbled out among the mountain ridges below. Behind us rose steep the roots of a hazel clump and slipped away in the mountain slopes covered with thickets of scrub bamboo grass. On a slightly higher rock behind oaks and beeches with clumps of azalea and him was a small white china bowl filled with clear patches of bamboo grass between the copses. water from the spring and a few grains of cooked From time to time we glanced across at the asrice were scattered over the surface of the rock. cetic. An hour passed. He made no movement. He must have seen us but he made no sign. The The young man was worshipping an "unknown sun was hot but he sought no refreshing shade. god," the spirit of the mountain. The rock was He seemed far away in some other world of his altar. The limpid spring water and the rice thought. grains were his offerings. His ascetic fare and his self-discipline were. his devotions. He was Finally I went and sat beside him on the waiting. ~ .. boulder. He eyed me calmly and dispassionately but waited for me to speak. I confess to a curi- Our mountain climbing party of missionaries, suddenly emerging from the thicket across the

osity far greater than his own. With proper form of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, who came into and polite phrase I introduced myself, speaking the world that men might learn about God and go his language and following his country's custom. to Him in prayer 1 Gravely apd with no show of irritation he returned the salutation. His name was So-and-so Truly he had never been caused to hear such from Such a village. Was I honorably in peace? words as these. What was the meaning of them 1 I was at peace. Was he willing to be inter~ Jesus Christ is the Son of God. He came into rupted in his meditations and to talk to a man- the world to save men from their sins. He is our nerless foreigner'? go-between with God. The Orient's great teacher Confucius is reported to have said, "If a man sins Certainly; he had no other work in hand. before God there is no place in his life for Had he been sitting there long in this manner 1 prayer," but our sacred writings have a more Long? No, assuredly not. Only three days helpful word for sinners. In our Book it is hopeand nights. fully written, "If any man sin we have a go-be- tween in the presence of God the Father, even Nights? Surely he. does not pass the nights Jesus Christ the Sinless One." You can pray to there in the cold without shelter or covering? God even now if you will. Close your eyes to shut out the sight of the world around you and repeat Yes, it was cold but he did not mind it particu- this prayer after me …" larly. It is warm in the daytime.. o God who created all things, our Father, open my But what about the tigers? They prowled continually in these wild ravines. There were bears dark mind that I may understand thy truth. Help me to in the thickets and wild boars in abundance. The understand that Jesus Christ is my Saviour from the guilt signs were all about us. Was he not afraid? and power of sin. Help me to trust Him now and forever. Not particularly. The tigers did not seem to molest him. The wild boars grunted and passed Free me from all fear of evil spirits and save me for Thyby. self. I ask in the name of Jesus Christ. Amen.

Was he fasting? ' Not entirely. Twice a day To our amazement, sentence by sentence, he rehe cooked a handful of rice from the bag and drank water from the spring. But the food sup- peated the prayer. ply was getting low. He could only remain another night and day and then go home, even so, "I ask in the name of Jesus Christ …" Cleartraveling hungry. ly and carefully the words fell from his lips. Might one gently enquire the meaning of this long vigil through freezing nights and burning Strange, was it not? A young man who, until noons? that moment, had never heard the name of Christ, He was praying. To wbat spirit? willing to repeat a form of prayer suggested by He did not know. The mountain spirit, perhaps. Tiger, or an unknown stranger of a different race? dragon or horse, he was not certain which. Certainly the spirit of the place. The water on the It was time to go down the trail again. We rock and the rice grains were for the spirit of the place. could not stay for a longer talk. One final ques- What earnest desire led him to this rigorous form of devotion'? tion and we would go. Would he like some leaflets No particular desire. He wished to please the spirits. which would tell him more about God? Were they good or evil? He would but he could not read. He did not know. They might give blessing. Certainly they could bring disaster if neglected. "Take them anyway," we said. "Ask someone How did he pray? in your village to read them aloud and then read- He had no method. He tried to keep his mind er and hearer both can learn the truth. Is it not as free from thought as possible. He had heard from Buddhist monks that this was true religion. a good plan ?"

Would he like to know how to pray, truly? "It is well." Surely he would. But where' could one find a teacher. "Do not forget your prayer. Perhaps God sent Had he ever heard of the great God who made the earth and the sky and the mountains, the clear us to meet you here to teach you how to ·pray. water for man's drink and rice for his food; or Remain in peace."

"Even so. Go in peace."

We turned and left him on the boulder, com- mending him in our heart, to the Greater Spirit of the place. He remained through that night, but two days later woodsmen who had passed that way said that the young man had gone. .

Millions in the world seem indifferent to God.

Amateur atheists in America and virulent Reds in other lands may bitterly oppose Him because His Word is a condemnation of the life they wish to lead, but here and there in the world are lonely, seeking hearts. Shall we carry to them the mes- sage of God through Jesus Christ?

In the New-

Hebrides By the REV. FRED BOWIE Tangoa, Santo, New Hebrides ):..

Missionary of the Australian Presbyterian Church T HESE islands are too isolated, and too far CONTRAST-HEATHEN CHIEF AND SON OF A CHRISTIAN separated, and each missionary is too con- PASTOR fined to his own particular field to make it possible to give any general or detailed view of his people nearer Tangoa to a more easily de- fended place, and built a new village. the situation in the group. If the field were a like area of continuous land, In the southern islands the pig was an impor- tant article of property and of food. In the north the difficulty would be much less. No doubt the it was much more than this; by killing pigs in missionaries would be in more intimate touch ceremonial a man determined his rank in this with each other, and at centres other than their world and also in the world to come. Only on speown they would have some personal acquaintance cial occasions like the killing of pigs did the peowith existing conditions of which they know only pIe of various districts come together. Every man possessed a rifle of some kind, but for the by hearsay. time no firearms were to be carried, and there Long stretches of sea separate most of the was general peace.

islands, and, for most part, differences of lan- Even then acts of treachery were sometimes guage separated even more effectively. This lat- perpetrated. In our earliest days in a mountain ter feature applied not only as between island and village there was to be a pig-killing. Crowds of island, but also as between district and district people came to take part in the feasting and of the same island, and in our early days meant dancing. Among them, relying upon the recoghostility between the tribes. With us in Santo- nized rule, was a man who, having killed one of Tierra del Espiritu Santo-the normal condition the people of the village, had been able to evade was one of war, and every man was on one side various attempts upon his life. At the "singof the fight. sing" none of the villagers took any notice of him.

As an example of the language barrier, here at Tangoa, South Santo, about the middle of the coast, and for several miles inland, for "good" we say "ruchu"; farther inland it is "nam"; three miles west and inland it is "otomi"; eight or ten miles west again it is ('meretach"; inland from that and farther west and north the word is "vure'a"; a dozen miles up the west coast it is "woto." This was all in our district. Beyond, and in the north, and in the east, are other words, at least four that I know.

Thirty-five years ago we never heard of a man of another part passing along our beach. A little before our arrival some who ventured were fired upon and one was killed. Immediately after, sure of reprisal, the man who shot the other took [481 ]

A man of another place struck up acquaintance miration for him. All were sure that they would ·with him, and by degrees spent a good deal of time see another order of things, and all three did. in his company. On the last night of the feast, while the beating of drums and dancing were pro- We had already seen something of what had ceeding, this man, Vokeipau, entered the house been done elsewhere. The day before we reached where the enemy, still somewhat suspicious and Tanna we had been at Futuna, and had seen some avoiding the dancing ground, was seated alone. of Dr. Gunn's Christian people. Two days earlier, With seeming carelessness carrying an axe, the on a Sunday afternoon, we had made our first handle in one hand and the head in the other, he landing in the New Hebrides at Aneityum, at Dr. approached, saying, "This is the axe which I told Geddie's old station. To all of us newcomers it you Kele brought from Noumea." With a sudden was a moving sight to see the people, clean and movement he swung the axe and sank it in the decently clad, coming to church, and to hear them man's shoulder. For his effort Vokeipau received sing their hymns to the familiar tunes in use in our own homes. In the prayers of the elders who a pig. took part in the service there was an earnestness There were only slight contacts and it was and a fervor that impressed us; it was something that we could all understand, although not even therefore difficult to carry the Gospel to t4e peo- Dr. Paton knew any of their language. Here was ple. On the main island no local man would go encouragement: what had been accomplished by with us beyond a very limited area. We overcame grace in the hearts and lives of the Aneityumese this by inducing inland men and boys to come to would yet be witnessed among the Tannese and work for us, and by using some of them as guides. among those to whom the others of us were to go. Most of us had to prepare our own translations of Scriptures and of hymns. Now anyone may After we left Tanna, our next stopping-place go anywhere in safety. was Dr. Paton's own island, Aniwa. When his conv.erts met us at the beach, welcoming Dr. More than thirty-five years ago seven young Paton back, and as he and they conducted us all missionaries went out to the new Hebrides to- to the old house, to the church, to the well, and gether, with Dr. John G. Paton as a fellow pas- as we considered what had been done there as at senger. He came especially to see his son Frank Aneityum, once more making the situation over settled as a missionary on the west side of Tanna. against Tanna as a bright light over against in- tense darkness, again we had fresh cheer, and fur- At that time only Aneityum and Aniwa were ther assurance that all things were possible. Witclaimed to be entirely Christian, but considerable ness to this was added at Efate, at Nguna, at advance had been made in Eromanga, also in Tangoa, and in less degree at Epi and beyond. Efate and in the islands of which Nguna and Mr. Smaill of Epi was visiting Paama, but there Tangoa were the centres; Epi too had bright only a beginning had been made. spots. Tanna was particularly difficult. Now after thirty-five years today all the islands On our fourth and fifth days in the islands we from the south northwards, including Paama, are visited the scenes of the heartbreaking experi- accounted Christian. The Condominium Governences of Turner and Nisbet, of Dr. Paton himself, ment recognizes this, for it has made provision in of Matheson, Johnston, Neilson, Watt, and Gray. these islands for the administration of a native We saw the Tannese as all had seen them from the code of laws by native courts; in the islands to time when Captain Cook visited Port Resolution. the north of Paama as yet there is no law-so Our guide was Mr. Watt, whose headquarters at that even an offense like the murder of :it native that time were at the Port, and who then was the by a native is not punishable by law. only missionary in Tanna. We had heard Dr. Paton talk of the Tannese as naked, painted In Tanna such progress has been made that savages. Some were painted, and they were all while thirty-one years ago Mr. Macmillan bapnearly naked, but none of us thought them at all tized his first eight converts, in his report last grim and repulsive. year he set out that at the last celebration of the Lord's Supper between six and seven hundred Fifty-four years had passed since Turner and members took part. For various reasons these Nisbet had lived on Tanna. For nearly thirty were ohly a part of the Christians. On the oppoyears Mr. Watt had been holding on. Although site side of the island there is now a new misin 1881 he had baptized fifteen converts, it was sionary doctor with his wife. said that at the time of our arrival, in 1896, there was not on the island one baptized Tannese. Yet The position at Vila, the capital of the group, is he did not talk like a man without hope, but rather also worthy of note. There are the greatest numas a live sane man of deep faith, sure of the power bers of whites, British and French. Before the of the Gospel, delighted and encouraged at the eyes of the natives there is endless drinking, gamadvent of Dr. Paton's son, and of Mr. Macmillan bling and other evils. Natives of many islands to take Mr. Gray's place. We were filled with ad-

TODAY IN THE NEW HEBRIDES

are taken there as crews for boats and ships, and ary had retired; another had to give up Ollac- as workers about houses and stores, wharves count of ill-health; a son of Dr. Paton, thirty-six and plantations. It is said that such as wish years in Malekula, for over a year has been out may get any amount of alcohol almost under the with a poisoned foot which has had to be ampu- very eyes of the authorities. Still, for the most tated. The one missionary left has been on fur- part, the local people seem to be uncontami- lough, and is returning. A young couple also is nated, and to some of us it never ceases to be coming. In the meantime several teacher-evan- ope of the wonders of the Gospel in the islands to gelists have been carrying on, and no one fears see them kept so unspotted in spite of the bound- that the work is going to pieces; all recognize that less temptations to which they are subjected. these workers, cast upon their own resources and In those days Ambrim had two established centres of work. It has had its special cross to bear. Besides other losses, in the twinkling of an eye at Christmas in 1913, its principal station with its splendidly equipped an d most useful general hospital was blown sky-high when the whole valley went up in a volcanic eruption. A lesser, but also a destructive, erup- tion has occurred since. The Gospel is manifesting its power in many places today.

In the large island of Malekula there were four mIsSIOnaries. Soon aft e r there was a fifth. All these extended their influence in all directions. As in all the A CHURCH IN TANGOA. NEW HEBRIDES ISLANDS northern islands, in Maleku- la much still remains of the old heathen life. On depending upon their Lord, will be all the strong- the first day of this year I went to Malekula with er for the experience, and many of their people some time-expired students. One of the teachers as well. .

told me about shooting that had occurred in the What is said of Malekula holds also of Santo north. A heathen chief had been planting and Malo. The three islands in the northeast, bananas. As he stood upright, holding a banana Pentecost, Oba, and Maewo, are outside our rec- stock with both hands, and with his feet pushed ognized field, and long ago were occupied by the the ground in around the base, two rifle shots rang Melanesian (Church of England) Mission, and out. A bullet went through both arms, and more recently by the Church of Christ as wen.

another through both thighs. His assailants fled. Thirty-five years ago in this the widest part of The wounded man's friends carried him home. Santo there was only one church and school, situ- Seemingly no attention was paid to the wounds, ated on a little island off the coast. About sev- so that they became a horrible mess, and the chief enty miles distant in the northwest there was begged his friends to strangle him. This two of another church. That year another central sta- them did with a vine. A grave was dug, and tion was opened in Big Bay in the north; the fol- when we (Were there his body had lain for three· lowing year another was established fifty-five weeks uncovered. It was not to be covered till his miles away on the east coast. Now there are death should be avenged. Christian communities all around the island.

At that time on Santo we had had a similar There have been several inland communities also, case, except that the unburied man was supposed but in most instances after a time they have de- to have been killed by witchcraft. To some extent liberately migrated shorewards. Where the peo- the strength of the present position in ·Malekuht, ple have been able to settle on heights inland they may be gauged by this that for several months re- have done well, but where, as at various places cently in the island there have been no Christian on the west coast, they have come down to the workers except people of their own. One mission- beaches, the result has been disastrous. No per- 484 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [September suasion could stop them. Blackwater fever is it curious that there should be those who cannot; common on all that coast. who fearlessly handle a lizard or even a snake; who, unafraid now of spirits finding means of ac- There are in the islands, or definitely assured cess to their houses, break out the extra windows and in sight, twelve or thirteen missionaries. At so as to have more fresh air; who without hesipne time we had twenty-six. The motor launch, tation burn the cutH,:..gs of their hair, and who replacing the old sailing boat, has played quite a do many other like things that their fathers or part in the change. In the early days nothing was tf~ 11' grandfathers would not have dared to do. certain in regard to a journey to a distance to Many are sterling fellows, earnest, dependable, leeward. With a good engine in a good hull one keen to acquire knowledge, particularly of the can now make definite plans, and can depend upon Bible, and in the days to come ought to do good overseeing a much wider field than with sails and work. oars. If there were more of Christ in the hearts of For the past thirty-six years the various mis- the whites in the islands, much more would have sionaries (Presbyterian) representing Canadian, been done, and much more might be done by the Scottish, Australian, Tasmanian, and New Zea- people themselves. Fortunately many of the Britland churches, and the J. G. Paton Fund, all work ish would not willingly do anything to create even together as if we were from one church. We a wrong impression, but there are islands and dishave been sending men, single or married, with tricts where the influence of outsiders is anything their wives to this place to be trained as teach- but helpful. Some have no shadow of regard for ers. Dr. Annand, of the Canadian Church, of morality. However, there is a likelihood that whose death we have just heard, established it. much that during the past years has been winked at by the administrators will be stopped. The There is no limit to the obligation under which government helps us to this extent, that it allows all of us have been to our native fellow-workers, us to import books free of duty. Nowadays the to scores who have had no special training. They islanders discriminate between outsider and outhave been alive and full of desire to see their fel- sider, and form definite opinions of each. More lows won for Christ. Others, during their four and more they· are ready to shoulder, and are years here, have been taught something of many shouldering, the burden of the work. They are things, but chiefly the great truths of the Gospel. our hope for the future. In spite of every oppo- The book VI hich we use for spelling, for reading, sition, perhaps in part on account of this, the for dictation, for transcription, for composition, Gospel has triumphed, and gradually is winning for practically everything, is the English Bible. its way through all the islands. This is necessary on account of the multiplicity of tongues. –,.:—- On our roll of Christians at present are fifty- A PRAYER FOR HELP':' one men and seven women, wives of seven of the men. The women have their own classes and in- Dear crucified Lord, in the shadow of Thy Cross struction in various kinds of work. These work- may we receive that moral strength, that divine ers come from as far south as both the east and courage which will enable us to combat the evils the west sides of Tanna, and from as far north of selfishness, greed, indulgence and all unworthias the north of Santo. ness that would prevent our deliberations leading us to decisions for the highest good of the little Several of them were reared in heathenism village as well as of the great city; for the poor and are acquainted with all its ways, including its and the nearly poor as well as for those who have fears. They know the pit out of which they have plenty; for the places of hard toil as well as the been brought. Last week I discovered that two places of affluence; for those who are weak in the of them still do not venture to speak of a father- face of temptation as well as for those who can in-law or a mother-in-law by name. One deals stand strong. Help us, dear Saviour, to rememgently with such, all the more because many of ber that in this great throng this morning we their prohibitions have been laid down for rea- appear before Thee as individuals, seperate and sons morally sound. We have now more of the alone. Be Thou the captain of our souls! Then if second generation of Christians, who know a good poverty comes we shall not be so poor and if sordeal about the former heathen life, but who have row comes we shall not be so sad, and if death been freed from many of the fears attached to it. comes we shall not be afraid. 0 Thou God of all A few days ago one of these, afrajd to touch a nations, Jesus Christ the world's Redeemer, hear lizard, was induced to approach and take one out us as we pray, and have mercy upon us, for Jesus' of my hand and handle it. There are still others sake, Amen. of the third generation who in their own islands have not seen any of the old way, who can name ,;. The prayer of Evangeline Booth was the most inspiring event in .a father-in-law or a mother-in-law, and who think fill the session of the Dem9cratic Convention meeting in Chicago.

OPENING OF THE I. M. C. COMMITTEE MEETING AT HERRNHUT

The delegates met in. the historic old Moravian Church. They were seated in the center section.

At Herrnhut -Tw-o Centuries After The Meeting of the International Missionary Council in Birthplace of Modern Missions By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D.

"~I Princeton, N. J. I~"

Professor of the History of Religion and Christian Missions T HERE is spiritual power in environment. ago the Moravian Brethren sent out their first "Vhere John first baptized," we read, "there missionaries from the very "upper room" where many believed on Jesus." (John 10 :40-42.) the Council met for its devotional meetings. Dr. Those who attended the International Missionary Julius Richter calls the place "the sanctuary and 'Council Meeting held on the Mount of Olives in shrine of the whole continental missionary enter- 1928 or in 1930 near the Haystack Monument, or prise." The very stones cry out, "Believe, endure this summer at historic Herrnhut, felt there the and dare." In his opening address of welcome unseen power of past history. Two hundred years Bishop Baudert, of the Unitas Fratrum, said: [485 ]

"What has given us the courage to invite you to Dr. Mott spoke, the great congregation-with the small Herrnhut? We remember how on August Sisters on the one side and the Brethren on the 21, 1732, the first missionaries set out from Herrn- other-included more than half of the population hut to carry the Gospel to the Negro slaves in St. .of the town! So they shared the worship and Thomas. Then a fire was lighted here at the foot vision of the International Missionary Council.

of the Hutberg which by the grace of God has not Under the chairmanship of Dr. John R. Mott, gone out and never will. With gratitude to God and with the secretarial leadership of Dr. J. H.

we remember how he has enabled our little Church Oldham, the Rev. William Paton and Dr. A. L.

to send out in unbroken succession more than Warnshuis, in fellowship with the lay and clerical three thousand Brethren and Sisters as mission- leadership of these widely scattered missionary aries to the heathen." forces, the Council has grown in strength. Its Indeed, the setting of the conference in this program is world-wide, its proposals are often Moravian community, with its marvelous history, startling, but the sober judgment and Christian enriched our inner spiritual life and our discus- boldness of this leadership has won the whole- sions. It was the great English historian, Lecky, hearted allegiance of most of the missionary who said that what happened to John Wesley in forces of Protestant Christendom.

the little Moravian meeting in Aldersgate'Street, The opening sessions of the Council were wisely London, meant more to England than all the victo- devoted to the unburdening of hearts on the great ries of Pitt by land or sea. The missionary move- issues of the day in which we live, the new oppor- ment sprang from the evangelical revival which tunities and the baffling difficulties in a score of came out of the Moravian movement. This revival countries across the world. There was out-spoken in turn expressed itself, not only in personal con- reality and no shrinking from the issues that are version, but in social action-the abolition of the at stake; no deferred hope made hearts weak but slave trade and legislation for industrial reform. courage rose with danger.

~ome of the letters written by John Wesley to Again and again, in single sentences, a window Count Zinzendorf are in the archives at Herrnhut was opened into dramatic new situations that and two of them were read at one of the sessions startle and challenge. What a world of suffering by Mr. Basil Matthews. and gallant courage is, for instance, revealed in Most of the delegates arrived by way of Dres- the simple statement that "forty-nine churches den in a great German omnibus which drew up in of Korean Christians have recently been closed in the beautiful little square called Zinzendorf-Platz, Siberia by the Soviet Government, many of the after a seventy mile drive southward through the Koreans taking refuge in .Manchuria, and that in rolling corn-fields and forests of Saxony. We were response the Korean Church itself is carrying out within sight of the mountains of Czecho-Slovakia, a special evangelistic forward movement among at the centre of a Europe that is passing through those people in Manchuria."

one of the major changes of history. As the men Similar heroic advances in face of humanly im- and women stepped out from the omnibus, the hos- possible conditions of chaos .and economic terror pitable and kindly eyes of our Moravian hosts and in China, in face of terrible distraction in Japan, hostesses looked into the faces of men and women, in the midst of national unrest in India were re- Indian, Chinese and Korean, Japanese, Belgian ported. A stirring picture of the apostolic travels and American, Filipino and Fr~nch, leaders of the of a pastor touring the villages of Siam, and the Christian forces of every country in Scandinavia wonderful work of a group largely of young folk from Finland to Denmark, Dutch and Scottish, bearing their witness, brought thrill and cheer Canadian and Afrikander, Mexican and English. from an unexpected quarter. From the Philippine They came also from the banks of the Nile, the Islands came a picture of a Youth Movement Congo and the Yangtse rivers. These men and based on the three principles of reaching youth women had come across oceans and continents, through youth, of moral and social as well as spir- drawn from absorbing tasks at great cost of time itual uplift, and of the union of all the churches, to this little tranquil town of sixteen hundred in- in face of the vast multitudes of youtlJ., detached habitants, hidden among quiet hills, remote from by modern secular materialism from all Christian the roar of cities and the turmoil of industries. loyalties, whether Roman Catholic or Protestant.

The Chairman of the Council, speaking from the The very radical proposals made by Commis- spot where Zinzendorf had stood, said that he, sions on Higher Education in India and in Japan by analysis, had found that on the· average one showed that a new day is bound to dawn in these in sixty of the Moravian Brethren and Sisters fields. The proposal was welcomed that in Japan have gone to the mission field, while the propor- some score of theological colleges which, striving tion in the Protestant Churches of the West is less with inadequate staffs to give denominational than one in five thousand. In that church, as training to pastors, should concentrate into two,

AT HERRNHUT-TWO CENTURIES AFTER

where the best teaching strength of all these col- opments in the restriction of religious thought and leges would be for the good of all. life were reported from Turkey, Egypt, Persia, Eritrea, the Congo, China and Russia, and they At one of the sessions Mr. J. Merle Davis of reveal that the battle for religious liberty needs Japan and America and Dr. Iserland of Germany to be fought again. The work of the Council's expounded their work as colleagues in the new officers and proposed further activity in relation- Department of Social and Industrial Research and ship with governments in face of some of these Couricil in Geneva under the International Mis- situations, were approved. The refusal by the Sosionary Council. Their research into social and viet authorities to allow any religious worker even industrial conditions created by Western capital to pass through Russia, is one among many exand civilization among the African and other amples of the obstacles placed by some governprimitive peoples is a handmaid to direct evange- ments in the path of Christian missions. Common lism. It is essential to Christian men to discover counsel revealed that different nations and misand display in practice how to make civilization sionary agencies in widely separated areas are congruous with the Gospel of Christ. The Geneva suffering restrictions that are largely common in Department is concentrating at present upon the character and can best be met by concerted action, unique situation created in the copper belt of the if action is necessary, through government chan- Belgian Congo and Northern Rhodesia by its in- nel!:.. tensive industrialization of the African. Their definite goal is to work out in concrete terms how THE MORAVIAN CHURCH AT HERRNHUT the mining organizations, the governments and the missionary organizations can cooperate and In view of these facts, however, what is the integrate their forces in order to create a new Christian attitude to be with regard to mission- Christian African community, in place of the ary and religious freedom? This problem faced present disastrous corrosion of the old tribal St. Paul and all the Christians in the days when system which leaves the individual African an they were commanded to worship the Roman isolated atom. Emperor. It faces us today, but in new and strangely difficult forms, all across the world. The This large social and industrial program, put days of imprisonment, of persecution and of forward at Williamstown in 1930, had, however, martyrdom for the truth are not altogether of the aroused misgivings on the part of the Missionary past. The Council declared therefore: Council of the Northern Countries before the meeting at Herrnhut. They sent a joint memorial We believe that much more may yet be done by wise, from Stockholm which received careful attention. sustained and progressive efforts to secure full religious One paragraph deserves record here: freedom in all mission fields, and we would count the con- tinuance of such efforts indispensable, since such a serv- Since we are firmly convinced that the preaching of the ice can only be rendered effectively under such cooperative Gospel is the essential task of missions, and must always auspices as the International Missionary Council, and is remain SQ, we cannot help feeling anxious at the growing directly related to the evangelistic program of the mistendency of making programs for the solution of rural, sionary movement. social and industrial problems in the various mission fields. Naturally we do not object to discussing these important But at the same time they challenged the courproblems from the point of view of missions. But if this is age and faith of disciples: done beyond a certain measure there is a real danger of diverting the missionary zeal from its central objectives In the presence of restraints and limitations upon the to such social problems as will naturally present them- free witnessing of Christians and Christian missionaries selves when Christianity has had a long period of devel- to the Gospel of 'Jesus Christ, which are increasingly evi-. opment in a nation, but which in no wise need be put in dent in certain lands, and which emanate from sectarian the foreground at the time of laying the foundation of a hostility, rival religious systems, new theories of the State, Christian Church in a nation. or the rising tide of nationalism, it is our opinion that In the findings of the Council meeting to which we refer later it will be seen that Herrnhut owed much to this Stockholm letter. The central message of Christianity, the cruciality of the Cross, the need of conversion and of a new life as prerequisites to successful evangelism-all these came to their own once more in the Herrnhut deliberations.

Next to this question of the essential task, was that of religious liberty. A number of documents were in the hands of the delegates and two or three interesting and weighty statements on the principles of religious freedom. Alarming devel-

when such prohibitions to Christian witnessing become the Gospel and transforming social conditions. fundamental and sweeping, in the judgment of the Church These great spiritual movements, the growing concerned, these prohibitions do not relieve the individual Christian and the Christian Chu'rch of their duty to con- self-consciousness of the indigenous churches and tinue their witness with love and patience, and yet also the present financial stringency at home, all unite with endurance, if need be unto suffering. to summon us to closer and wider cooperation.

Another question that called for earnest con- This was evident in all the discussions. Problems sideration was the future policy of missions in the that are common face every missionary society in present financial crisis. At the outset of the com- the world; no one society can possibly grapple mittee meetings Mr. Kenneth Maclennan, Secre- with them, for they need the mobilizing of the tary of the Conference of British Missionary So- wisdom, the experience, the leadership and in- cieties, very strikingly showed how during the fluence of all in the light of God's leading. The post-war years, when income has been on the whole problem of cooperation between different whole stationary, the work in the field has gone churches was carried dramatically to a deeper ahead in multiplying prosperity. "Has not God," and more searching level by the Rev. W. J. Noble, he asked, "called us to discover through the very of the Wesleyan Missionary Society of Britain, stringency of the present economic crisis that one who declared that ultimately we are bound in era of His missionary work has closed and practice in cooperation to find ourselves face to another opened? Are we not called to face the face with the tremendous questions of Faith and fact of the self-witnessing Church in all mission Order. Unless we are ready to go further, he de- lands ?"Our contribution in the fields of the world clared, we have already gone too far. Is it not today must be something different from that of time, representing the missionary forces facing organization and direction. What is it to be?" heathendom, to say to the churches in the home Our first task is to ask what is God's will for land: "It is your duty to come together, for the future of missionary work in the face of this divided you make. it more difficult to win the world present crisis. We must seek to get deeper still for Christ. Variety in unity is in accord with the into the fulness of the Christian message for the will of God. The real breach is made by ex- present age. We witness, in the troubled waters clusiveness !"

of the Far East, the wonderful sustained evange- There was no exclusiveness at Herrnhut. Cath- listic movements in Japan and in China which re- olicity came to its own without compromise: veal the steadfastness and courage and faith of Realizing the colossal power of the inertia caused largethe new Christian churches there in a time of ly by the divided state of Christendom, the delegates, chaos, amid the crushing forces of materialism moved by the tragic world situation of today, call missionand communism. We must share the agonizing ary workers throughout the world to enter boldly a new era of cooperation. In that new period the requirements, conflict of loyalties in the hearts of members of principles and spirit of such cooperation must be more the Indian Church under the stress of nationalis- thorough, serious and sacrificial than ever.

tic hopes and fears; and rejoice together in the The officers of the Council are to give a major news of the movement of high-caste Hindus into part of their effort to furthering in an advisory the Christian Church, influenced by the beautiful way constructive advances in cooperation such as witness of the purified lives of former outcasts; may turn the retreat threatened by economic a movement that presents to the world a new stringency into triumphant advance. miracle of the Eternal Gospel. Amid the multitude of "findings," the complexi- It was a memorable occasion, and we were ties of the daily program and the activities of greatly stirred on hearing from representative leaders from all lands of astonishing aggressive special committees there are two things that made Herrnhut distinctive to my mind: the clear and work that is, with increasing momentum and out-spoken utterance on the central task of mispower, being carried on by the Christian Church, sions and the consciousness that the only source whether in the Far East or in Africa. Under the terrible economic stress of today's world crisis, of power is God's Holy Spirit. The message is and in the face of self-confident materialism and the Word of God. The method is conversion. The positive atheistic communism, the Christian forces power is outside of ourselves, and the goal is not in Japan and Korea, in China and Siam, in India mere social progress, but the fulness of the Kingand in the Philippines, far from beating a retreat, dom of God. The committee on the message had are pressing forward in ways for which it is dif- referred to it the Stockholm correspondence, and ficult to find a parallel in the history of modern their report, unanimously adopted, will reassure missions. One of these adventures is the detailed those who may have had misgivings regarding the program and the specific activity of the Kingdom position of the International Missionary Council: If we have anything to bring in the name of God to a of God Movement in Japan, to carry Christ into slum, village and industrial city, both proclaiming world in need, it is certainly not o ughr toowrnopuiretoy~nouhrumowann way of life, our own modes of thou

HOW CHRIST IS AFFECTING INDIA

-i,' "

help. What the Church has to give in its world mis~ion is tions, races and communions, we were repeatedly recalled to the parallelism between the Internathe good news of a divine act in history, of the Word made tional Missionary Council opening its heart and flesh. Apart from a Word which is from God, and not soul to the working of the Spirit in face of the from man, there is 110 Christian mission. In face of the world task of Christianity and the Moravians powerful anti-Christian forces operating in the world today we reaffirm our faith that the revelation of God in Christ is the only way of deliverance for mankind and sending out the first missionaries from that very that it alone can provide the foundation for an order of room in 1732. Early in the morning, on more society that will be according to the will of God. than one occasion) the Holy Communion was celebrated by the Bishop of Salisbury, in which, And again they say: We have considered afresh what is central in our mis- at his invitation, the members of the committee sionary work and where the chief emphasis should be laid. from all over the world shared. At no time did Weare convinced that our missionary task is to proclaim the radiant community spirit of the unity of the in word and life God's revelation and redemption in Jesus Brethren sweep across the spirits of the delegates Christ. We have no other task; for while there is much that is useful and good, "one thing is needful." We need with greater force than at the united Love Feast to ask ourselves whether everything that forms part of on the first Sunday, at which,with the delegates, present missionary activity serves the one dominant pur- there was present the Moravian community, pose of making clear the message of Jesus Christ in all whose strong, sweet choral singing expressed the its fullness. enduring moral and spiritual fibre of a people who No stronger statement could be desired. Each have triumphed over persecution, and have even society and each missionary must striv~ to reach this ideal at any cost. Finally, the atmosphere of faced peace and relative prosperity without de- Herrnhut was not materialistic, but devout and generation. May we not hope and pray that from other-worldly. In the devotional meetings at nine the Herrnhut meeting spiritual forces will go o'clock each morning, led by men of different na- forth that shall be like Zinzendorf redivivus!

HoV Christ Is Affecting India* -"II By ROBERT WELLS VEACH, D. D. 111'· W HILE traveling from Singapore to Cal- Hindustani; but on about every fifth page there cutta I became acquainted with a young was a paragraph in English which contained a Indian merchant. Tall, erect, well poised distinctly Christian idea about love and the marand with a rich, brown complexion, he was about riage relation. as handsome a fellow as one would like to meet. Apparently he was wealthy, a camphor merchant Some paragraphs were direct quotations from with large interests in Sumatra and Java. His the New Testament and a few had been a bit muhair was closely cropped except a lock about two tilated by lopping off the context, as, for instance, inches long which protruded from the crown of Ephesians 5 :24. "As the church is subject to his head, the sign that he was an orthodox Hindu. Christ, so wives should be subject to their hus- He was always draped in an immaculate white bands in every respect." (Moffat's translation.) robe finely embroidered with black along the edge. In response to my question about these Christian When the evenings were cool, he would don a ideas being incorporated in a Hindu book, he said: three-quarter length white serge coat with deli·- "We Hindus always read the best European and cately traced gold buttons. Occasionally he wore American books, and when we come across a a rose-colored turban. really good idea we assimilate it into our Hindu thinking." Picture him reclining languidly on a steamer chair, speaking English fluently and rolling his This is a significant statement and reveals the large, dreamy eyes in whose depths one caught While admitting that Christianity is making glimpses of fathomless philosophies milleniums rapid strides in India, my friend insisted that old, nebulous ideas and wistful wishing. power of Hinduism to survive the centuries. Hinduism would win because it has this amazing One day he handed me a book he was reading, capacity to assimilate Christian ideas and ideals. entitled "Love and Marriage," with the request Because of its profound philosophic insight, he that I look through it. The book was printed in * Presbyterian Survey.

claimed that it is able to give to the world a more unadorned and impressive. There was no altar, spiritual understanding of Jesus. All this came no priest, no image. For ten minutes I listened from a young Indian camphor merchant. to several hundred Hindu students chant their prayer and praise to the God of their fathers. One Sunday evening I tramped with Dr. Sam Then this leader and teacher of men showed me Higginbottom across the acres of his Agricultural through his library of which he is justly proud. Institute of Allahabad. He described the unex- He had majored in English Literature at Oxford pected visit he had one day from some Indian and was familiar with our American poets, even princes. They had been attending a great re- down to Lindsay and Robinson. Emerson and ligious gathering at Benares and having heard of Whitman he was willing to concede a high place; Higginbottom's work ·decided to see for them- but of all the others he refused to group any of selves. One morning six of them arrived at the them with Wordsworth, Browning, and Shelley. station in a private train. They were deeply impressed with what they saw and with the Chris- This man had recently presided over a public tian motive back of it all. One of them was so meeting addressed by Dr. Stanley Jones. At the taken with a fine young Christian student that he conclusion of the address he arose and expressed offered him the position of agricultural manager his complete agreement with most of the speakand teacher on his own large estate. er's statements because he found the same ideas in Hinduism. "This is our classroom for the study of Industrial Chemistry," said the president of a large But there are many thoughtful, highly intelli- Christian college. The room with its apparatus gent men among the six million followers of and charts was neatly arranged. On one of the Christ in India. One evening I met a very promiwalls I noticed a picture of Christ and the Rich nent Judge, a man of great intellectual breadth Young Ruler, while back of the teacher's desk and spiritual insight. Both he and his wife are hung a fine copy of Hoffman's Christ Among the active members of a Christian church. On an- Doctors. other occasion I attended a social gathering in the home of an Indian Christian. He is the head of "This Indian teacher is evidently Christian," I a large Government High School, is mentally alert remarked. and enthusiastically devoted to Christian work.

"No," said the president, "at least not a pro- Riding from Calcutta to Benares I shared the fessing Christian; but it would appear as if he compartment with an elderly gentleman, whom I were almost persuaded. The character of Jesus found most companionable. He proved to be a makes a strong appeal to many men who are not high railroad official and an active Christian. interested in organized Christianity." One day I addressed seven hundred students in Perhaps the keenest man intellectually I met in the Assembly Hall of a Christian college, and to India was a distinguished college president, the the best of my ability I challenged this host of head of a large Hindu Graduate School. He was promising young men to take the ideals and teacha Hindu and believes that, freed from shallow tra- ings of Jesus Christ and incorporate them into dition and vitalized by close contact with the main the new social and political structure that is takcurrents of modern thinking, Hinduism possesses ing form in India. The response was trementhe dynamic to make India great and powerful. dous. Is India almost persuaded?

I attended the chapel exercise. It was simple, The Cure for Depression What would Christ do and say to help us out of our trouble if He were on earth now?

We can judge only by what He did and said in the first century, an age not so different from our own, an age of unsettlement, violence, drunkenness and license. Christ would tell us not to yield to panic, "be not anxious for the- morrow, and not to trust in riches; what shall it profit .a man if he gain the whole world and lose his own soul?" Christ would tell us to work and pray for our daily bread, to keep our hearts clean and steady and kind, to love God supremely and our neighbor as ourselves. He would tell us not to be selfish or afraid, but to trust our Heavenly Father and do our duty from day to day. He would tell us that the Holy Spirit will guide us to our duty, that the universe is in the hands of God and that the soul of man is the most precious thing in the world.

These are the fundamental principles and spirit that must underlie and cure our trou- bles. Everyone can begin at once to put them in practice. HENRY VAN DYKE. .'.

Braga of

II: J ··:ill w~ . ~~~ ~ a~:n J:.. By REGINALD WHEELER, Nanking, China Recently Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, V. S. A., in charge of Latin-American Fields — _. __ . ._. — — ONE of the essential aims and ends of foreign clerk in a country store which, due to the exig- missions is the establishment and develop- encies of the economic situation, used old news- ment of a native church. To fulfil its mis- papers for wrapping its packages and articles of sion this church must be in reality self-propa- sale. One day the newsboy who brought these gating, self-supporting, self-governing. In many papers to the young clerk gave him some leaves mission fields such indigenous churches are now torn from a book in which John Braga became developing. Leaders of those churches are intensely interested. These leaves had been appearing who are worthy of being in- torn from a Bible, a book with which cluded in the long line of the suc- Mr. Braga, like many other nominal cessors of the glorious company of Roman Catholics, was not familiar.

the apostles. In Brazil, after two He became interested, asked for generations of mission service, more of these papers, read and there is such an evangelical studied them, and resolved to church today, independent of give himself to this new way foreign subsidy, directed by of life and belief. Soon after its own leaders, expressive a Presbyterian missionary, of the genius and spirit of the Rev. F. P. Schneider, its own people. Foremost made his acquaintance; as a among the leaders of that result John Braga was bap- church was Erasmo Braga. tized and became a member On May 11, 1932, at only 55 of the recently formed Pres- years of age, Dr. Braga's byterian Church in Brazil.

rich service upon this earth He studied for the ministry, came to an end. It is a privi- and became one of its most ac- lege to attempt to review a few tive and able leaders. While of the achievements of this truly teaching in a mission school in great man and to summarize some Rio Claro, as a candidate for the of the characteristics t hat en- ministry, he met and married a dea·red him to so many friends and girl who was also teaching in that that won for him the well deserved con- school. In 1877 their first child was fidence of the Evangelical Church, not PROFESSOR born, and was named Erasmo after the only in Brazil but throughout the world. ERASMO BRAGA famous Dutch humanist. This boy was Erasmo Braga was first and foremost a man of baptized by a Presbyterian minister who had the church of which he was a servant and a leader. fled from the Island of Madeira after a terrible He was an ordained minister of the Presbyterian persecution and had been wounded in a similar Church in Brazil, which he had served as Mod- persecution in Brazil. Erasmo thus grew up in a erator and in whose councils he occupied an infht- Christian home; entered the second class at Mac- ential position. kenzie College, Sao Paulo; took work in the His ecclesiastical inheritance is of unusual in- preparatory course of a school of law; and terest. His f.amily was an influential one that later entered a theological seminary to pre- lived in Portugal in a town that bore the family pare for the ministi'Y. After he was ordained name of Braga. His grandfather was an army he taught for. many years on the seminary officer in Portugal and his father, John Braga, faculty without salary. He was one of the emigrated to the new world of the Americas, land- directors of the seminary in Rio de Janeiro, ing in Brazil in the early 1850s. At first he had and has taken a special interest in the Curso difficulty trying to make his living. He became a Jose Manoel da Conceicao, which provides a [491 ]

junior college course of preparation for can- ments between the two. He favored the plan by didates for the ministry. which financial assistance would come from the Dr. Braga was not only a minister of the Evan- mission on a diminishing scale for initial and pio- gelical church, but an educator whose advice was neer areas, with the missionary force acting as sought in this field both in the sphere of the mis- the spearhead of evangelistic service on the fron- sion and of the government. He taught for some tier, and the native church taking over as rapidly years on the faculty of Mackenzie College and of as possible the work in larger cities' and evan- Campinas Seminary; he was Chancellor of the gelized areas. Such a cooperative plan has been Federation of Evangelical Schools of Brazil; put to the practical test in Brazil and has stood served on the Executive Council of the National the test. The Brazilian Church stands on its own Educational Association; and was the editor and feet with self-respecting independence and re- author of a number of text books, both in the field sponsibility, and Dr. Braga has had a large part of religious and secular education. No one who saw in shaping this development. His clearness and him preside at the Montevideo Congress and heard incisiveness of thought on this subject of coopera- him swing with ease and fluency from his native tion between mission and church was especially Portuguese to Spanish, to French, to English, will evident at the Lakeville Conference of the Pres- ever forget his linguistic skill and ability. He had byterian Board of Missions, where this issue was also a reading and working knowledge of Greek, one of the chief topics of consideration.

Latin, Hebrew and Italian. In a memorial service In the wider groupings that include churches held by the Brazilian Association of Education and missionsjn other lands, Dr. Braga also made after Dr. Braga's death, Dr. Anisio Teixeira, his distinct and serviceable contribution. Not long Superintendent of Public Instruction, said: before his death he was appointed representative Erasmo Braga was an educator in the highest and rich- of the Latin American section of the World's Alliest sense of the word, a binder together of men among ance of the Reformed Churches. A government themselves. I render today, as a member of the Brazilian official in Brazil paid this tribute to the universal Educational Association, and personally, the profound and quality in Dr. Braga's leadership: sincere homage of my intelligence and my heart to this man who did good to all of us because in all of us he There are those ~vho say that the Protestants built a added a power of love not of ourselves. bridge for a great intellectual passage in modern times but they did not have the courage to pass over. Men like But Dr. Braga's influence went beyond the Erasmo Braga are conducive to such a passage. They usual bounds of church and school and was ex- use their influence for religious cooperation in Brazil and pressed in many channels of service which are in the whole world. They tend to suppress the divisions grouped under the head of union and cooperation. among men by a tacit or expressed accord in a group of common ideas…. He led us forward because of those For twelve years he was Secretary of the Commit- delicate and sensitive labors which arduously insisted on tee on Cooperation in Brazil, the consultative and the harmony between men seeking with tolerance and long correlating agent of various evangelical church suffering spirit that which was a common denominator. groups in that country. Dr. Braga took an active He led us forward because he broke down differences, he part in the Panama Congress held in 1916; was eliminated divisions, and created stronger and more ample bonds of unity for human cooperation…. Because of chairman .and presiding officer at the Congress on this all of us, believers and agnostics, are able to associ- Christian Work in South America, held in Monte- ate ourselves together in homage to such a remarkable video, Uruguay, in 1925; he was one of the three character, reflecting Brazilian and universal religious members of the International Missionary Council thought as was Erasmo Braga. . . . representing Latin America, and met with the A missionary wrote of him: Council at Jerusalem in 1928; he was Honorary He was the one internationally-minded Brazilian Protes- tant. He always had an aptitude for other people's points President of the Evangelical Congress of Havana of view, even as a student back in 1892 when I first came in 1929; he .attended the Lakeville Conference of to know him well. … He knew the whole "Who's Who the Presbyterian Foreign Board held in June, of Brazil," and was, as a Vice-president of the Republic 1931, and played an influential part in the discus- once said, "mais acatado" (accepted with friendliness and sions there on the relations of mission and church. respected for character and intelligence) more than any Dr. Braga saw clearly that the merging of mission other man of his acquaintance.

and church, as many native leaders advocate, with In the sphere of the church, of education, in the continuance of foreign subsidy to this merged or- world field of cooperative enterprise, Dr. Braga ganization, was not the right solution of the prob- made his contribution and served his generation lem, and tactfully but fearlessly advocated the de- wisely and well. "He was a man, take him all in velopment of mission and church on parallel and all. We shall not look upon his like again."

distinct lines, each to administer its own funds But many of us who knew him remember him given by its own constituency, with a cooperative not as a minister, or as an educator, or as a leader or liaison committee or group to work out adjust- in cooperation, but as a friend whom we trusted

ERASMO BRAGA OF BRAZIL

and loved. Strong, wise, full of grace, Erasmo some weeks before his death, both he and his wife Braga drew men to him in friendship that was were ill. Death took Mrs. Braga on April 19th, deep and true and lasting. He was .an ideal com- three weeks before his own death. In a letter, panion, ready to enjoy the simple felicities of the written April 29th, he wrote in answer to a mesday and to share in the experiences of the common sage of sympathy in the loss which he had sustask as a true comrade and friend. tained: "Our sufferings have given us an oppor- tunity to witness for the Eternal Hope to a large Through all his service, in church, in school, in circle of relatives and friends." his cooperative capacities, as a friend, Erasmo Braga was a true witness for Christ. Dr. Braga's earthly ministry has ended, but his spirit lives on in school and church in Brazil, and In the Covenant Compam'on, published in Brazil, in ute wider circle of those in many lands who in October, 1929, an article summed up this dis- came to know him, who gained through him a tinctive spirit of his service: truer and more vivid understanding of the beloved community of the Church Universal, and of the For Latin America as a whole, no man today means One who is its Lord and its Light, before Whom more in the interest of making Jesus Christ known, loved, one day, that Church, in the building of which Dr. believed or followed, than Professor Erasmo Braga, whose Braga has had such a vital part, will be presented father learned to know the way of Life Eternal from the faultless with exceeding joy. fragments of a Bible used for wrapping paper in the early days of the pioneers in Brazil.

He was a witness clear through to the end. For An Egyptian Convert from Islam A CHRISTIAN effendi and a sheikh from EI mud read the Sermon on the Mount. When he Azhar University in Cairo took shelter to- read it he found notes from the donor: "Pray for gether in a shop during a shower of rain. those who despitefully use you"-"I pray for you Before they parted the effendi gave the sheikh a daily." And so on. card inviting him to a lecture at the C. M. S. student center. Attracted by the idea of meeting the Six months after he had broken up the discuseffendi again, Sheikh Mahmud went to the lecture sion meeting Mahmud, now convinced of the truth and made his first contact with Douglas Thornton of Christianity, had to make his decision. It is and Temple Gairdner. almost impossible to conceive what that decision involved. On the one side was training in Con- As a boy, when Mahmud was attending the stantinople as a lawyer-an assured position, great Moslem school in the Temple area (in Jeru- property, honor; on the other-a loneliness we can salem) he discovered in his father's house a copy only imagine, outcasting from family and home of a book forbidden throughout the Turkish Empire-"Sweet Firstfruits." He read it from cover and country, dishonor, persecution, disinheritance to cover, again and again. This was his first -and Christ. Mahmud himself tells the story of touch with Christian truth. How his father, a that night of decision: bigoted and orthodox Moslem, a teacher in the Haram, had become possessed of this book is a Mr. Gairdner called Mr. Thornton, and we three prayed mystery. together. Perhaps only about three times in my life have I prayed with the certainty of faith, and that was one. After the first lecture in Cairo Mahmud went Mr. Gairdner said: "I will say the words, and you shall regularly to the meetings. On one occasion he say them after me. .. 0 Lord, what shall I do? Enbrought twenty Azhari students with him for the lighten my eyes that I may perceive the best course, the express purpose of breaking up the meeting. The best for soul, the best for conscience." Even while I subject was the Crucifixion, and when Mahmud was speaking my heart was filled with a great glow of leaped to his feet calling on all true Moslems to love and I saw shining on the wall the word Al Masih show their abhorrence of the teaching, the meet- (Christ) . ing was broken up as most of those present followed him out. Then Mr. Gairdner said: 'Now we won't talk to one another. You go away and get God's guidance without Imagine his astonishment when, after this rude talking to any human being, and I shall stay here and behavior, Douglas Thornton came and invited him pray for you.' to come every week! I went back to the Azhar (university mosque) and took Douglas Thornton and Temple Gairdner spent my daily ration of bread. Then I went to 'the lodgings, themselves for him during the months that fol- which I shared with several others. I took out my father's lowed. A typical touch was the gift of aNew letters and spread them before me. I took the Koran and Testament from Gairdner on condition that Mah- Injil (Gospel) and. I read them in turns. When the others came in, I was in a muse. They asked me to a party in another room. I said: "No! My thoughts are burdened tonight. Leave me." The two sides of the question kept surging in upon me. How could I face poverty, as I must, if I were a Christian? But how could I deny Christ?

Why not follow Christ secretly and outwardly comply? For a fully qualified sheikh of EI Azhar the But Thornton and Gairdner said that was only laughing at convert's usual problem of employment did not Christ. occur. Rather did it add lustre to the mission schools that their Arabic master was so qualified. At last I prayed exactly as a man does who is speaking For twenty-five years Sheikh Bulus has faithfully to his fellow. I said to Christ, as though He were at the taught both in the boys' and girls' schools in Cairo-a picturesque figure in his sheikh's robes other side of my bed: "Guide me Thou, 0 Christ, if Thou which he always wore. art Lord." It needed the endless patience and humility of It was night, and I slept after that. It seems to me as Gairdner to hold on to Sheikh Bulus during the if I saw in sleep the faces of Thornton and Gairdner and years of adjustment and struggle. The story is another that 1 knew was the face of Christ. one of ups and downs, of falls and conquests. It is, too, a record of faithful service and of loyalty Suddenly I awoke, hearing a voice say: "Mahmud, rise to Christ, a loyalty that never wavered. up, there is light for thee. Fear not." I thought my comrade, Sheikh Ahmad, had called to me, but he was sleep- His position in the Old Cairo Church strengthing. Then a man in white passed me and swished me ened, and perhaps it was the memory of the with his robe, saying again: 'Mahmud, rise up, there is "father" God gave him in Douglas Thornton that light for thee. Fear not.''' It happened a third time, and inspired his efforts to befriend converts. What- I was left trembling all over. At last 1 said: "0 Christ, ever the motive it is a fact that his was one of the Thou art my Lord." few Christian homes always open to converts, and there he and his wife (herself a convert) let it be My one thought was to meet Thornton and Gairdner. known that "our house is a home for converts." When I went to them, Gairdner said: "Now you who were Saul are Paul (Bulus)," and kissed my forehead. After- Always eager and impetuous he threw himself wards I learned they had taken no supper but had stayed heart and soul into the care and teaching of intill three o'clock praying for me-till about the time of quirers, especially when the student center was remy vision. opened in Cairo. No effort was too much-his heart and his home were always open to them. Loneliness came on me terribly on the night after my baptism. That is always a hard time, when all the calls of So well did Bulus like this work that he longed the old life sound in a man's ears and he has not yet rooted to give up teaching in school and to devote his himself in the new. I could not sleep that night. At whole time to evangelism. He was still a young eleven o'clock, Mr. Gairdner saw a light under my door man-only forty-six years of age-and had apparand called out: "Bulus!" "1 can't sleep," I said. He ently years of valuable service still to give when came in and saw me miserable and said: "I'll stay with he was taken ill and in five days (in June, 1931) you a little while." Then he began to read to me out of he had passed on to join those who had brought missionary papers about some boys in Uganda who had him into the fellowship of his Lord. suffered everything for Christ. He read in English and told me in Arabic what he read. I saw that others had -Church Missionary Outlook. left all for Christ. At twelve o'clock he said: "Now you had better sleep." The war was not over in my soul and I said: "1 can't." Then he said: "Very well, I have a proposal. You lie down on your bed and shut your eyes, and I will sit on this chair beside you and go on reading to you. 1 promise to stay with you till you sleep." At first 1 could not keep my eyes shut, but every time 1 opened them he put his hand gently over them until at last 1 slept.

Unexpected Testimony Professor Julian Huxley, describing a visit to East Africa, writes: Perhaps the most striking impression I take away from Kampala is of a service in the Church of Eng- land Cathedral. Five or six hundred natives; a choir of fifty who sang a Bach Chorale with great feeling; a sermon which I longed to understand by Ham Mukasa, one of the aristocracy of the native kingdom, a noble-faced old man who has twice been to England, and has written a book about his travels there.

One is reminded of Charles Darwin's visit to the Church Missionary Society station at Waimate. He wrote: The lesson of the missionary is the enchanter's wand. . . And to think that this was in the centre of cannibalism, murder and all atrocious crimes! . . . 1 took leave of the missionaries with thankfulness for their kind welcome, and with feeling of high respect for their gentlemanlike, useful and upright char- acters. It would be difficult to find a body of men better adapted for the high office which they fulfill.

It is a long stretch of time from 1835, when Charles Darwin wrote of the work of the Church Missionary Society in New Zealand, to 1930 when Professor Huxley writes of the work in Uganda. The work.in New Zealand is now in charge of a Maori Bishop. The work in Uganda is still the responsibility of the Church Missionary Society.

The Uganda story is one of heroic sacrifices and of wonderful results. When Bishop Chambers visited Uganda he was so impressed by what he saw there that he made it his prayer that Tanganyika would be transformed by the power of the Gospel as Uganda has been.

-Church Missionary Gleaner.

Ways of

Tested Methods for Incr~asing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO THE AUTUMN KEYNOTE shade beneath, to guide the of white, green, yellow or red.

Whatever increases receptiv- April folk. June had orange At the sounding of the luncheon ity for our missionary message is ,veIl worth cultivating, blossoms, July its patriotic fea- call, guests found their way to though not to the extent of lowering the tone of the mes- tures, November its turkey and whatever table bore the same sage. In any department of church activity, you will find ingathered grain, December its color decoration as themselves. your audience rising to the keynote of seasonal appropriate- tiny tree and bells, and so on The winter table centered on a ness. Home-coming functions, receptions for newcomers in the around the year. Everyone was Christmas tree, with pure white missionary organization, harvest home festivals and out- well 'introduced by the time the candles, tiny sleds on cotton door gatherings turned to missionary uses, the stressing of groups were assembled; but to snow, etc.; the spring table was fresh beginnings and advanced plans-these all fit into Septem- make doubly sure, the persoll exquisite in green, with beds ber and October, the latter being the month in which the who first located her natal of artificial daffodils, tulips and average missionary organization musters its 'forces for a headguarters had to welcome narcissus; the summer table new year's work. In this connection, the outline for a recep- the next, these two the next, was stunning with yellow tion to newcomers given in the May number of THE REVIEW and so on until an atmosphere candles and a patriotic centeradapts itself to autumnal use. of cordiality and good cheer piece, and the autumn table was Welcome Home Parties had been created. Then the the beauty spot of the room, A resume of this plan, given in THE REVIEW several years hostess announced that as' this with its red candles, bright ago, may prove timely. The hostess announced that all guests was the cook's day off, guests leaves of many shades, and a born in January were to assemble in a spot in the room which must prepare the repast. .THnu- Jack-o-Iantern center. they must find by its appropriateness, and so on through the ary had to cut the bread, A hostess in corresponding rest of the calendar. Then ensued a lively search for birth- February to make one sort of attire was seated at each table, month headquarters. January proved easily recognizable from sandwiches and March another, a blushing bride and groom a sheet of new resolutions and other decorations, hung in one June must concoct the cocoa, honoring the spring group. corner of the large room. February had an abundance of etc. After all were seated, the The missionary organization snow and ice, pictures of Lincoln, Washington, etc. On hostess tapped a bell and said, personified was the general a chandelier hung an umbrella with both overshoes and sun- "The sandwiches, please, April" hostess, her table having a – at which the Aprilites birthday cake centrally placed.

trooped off to serve that item- One or more jingle-gifted per- and thus the merry meal pro- sons were seated at each table gressed. Each group was re- to reel out rhymes reminiscent quired to evolve a limerick or of the organization's past, or jingle on the subject of its fraught with optimistic feJicita- birth-month, the most popular .tions for its future. The table being given a blue ribbon. It groups broke out from time to was then announced that the time in appropriate music- divisions would stand for the "Jingle Bells" at the winter year, and that the programs table, "0 Promise Me" in the would be presented accordingly, spring gathering, etc. After the January group giving the the cutting of the cake with its program in that month and so good wishes specific to the or- on. ganization, a talented speaker The Hyde Park Baptist set forth the goals and ideals Church, in Chicago, also had of the denomination for the its autumnal rally in the form opening year, and another well- of a birthday party. At the informed speaker followed ex- entrance the mystified guests ploiting the program of study were compelled to yield the and service planned for the so- secret of their natal day (not ciety. Earnest prayer foc'

the year!), each then having guidance and power to actuate pinned upon her a dainty favor the plans closed a meeting [495 ]

begun in merriment but ended a good hunt, on trees, bushes, that time we will start on a fall and winter cruise, visiting many countries in information, inspiration and decorations, etc., or on their indeep seriousness of purpose. door counterparts if the out- en route. We will touch at a number door function is not practicable. of ports and explore the country round about. Be on hand on Rally Autumn Parties Have guests work singly or in Day to help launch the boat. En- twos, giving a year's subscrip- closed is a round-trip ticket. Please One such missionary gather- tion to THE REVIEW to the per- fill in with your name and address ing, held in October, had deco- son having the nearest complete and bring it with you on Rally Day rations of chrysanthemums and list of questions and answers so that you can start on the cruise gaily colored leaves, its title with us. Arrangements have been being, "Autumn Gleanings." Red cardboard apples made in a given time. Summer or made for picking up new passengers covers for booklets inside of autumn music, with suitable re- who may wish to come aboard after freshments, will make this a which were pasted pictures of very attractive social-mission- the cruise has started. some definite missionaries or Our offering on Rally Day will be fields, with corresponding information clipped from THE for – – . We have set as our goal REVIEW and denominational pUblications, placed alongside. ary event to rally the new or the sum of $—. Please bring the These apples were presently opened and served successively uninterested. enclosed envelope with your offering by different young people read- An autumn Christmas tree ing and displaying the contents. and help us reach our goal. Walnuts with questions inside for the purpose of assembling were at the places at the ensu- gifts for some worker on a dis- This boat trip will not interfere ing luncheon. These had to be tant foreign field is a further "cracked" and answered. rallying function for the first with the regular work of our school; autumn meeting. A harvest home rally in Octo- each class will continue to have its ber was gaily decorated with The calendar plan is often fruits, flowers and grain of the instituted in September or Oc- regular lesson period. Many of our season and had its music of old tober, one person being apfolk songs furnished by a quar- teachers took special courses during tet in costume. The program pointed to represent the miscentered on "The Christian sionary year, nine or ten o~ers the summer better to fit them for their Home," with devotionals on the the months of missionary-prohome of Mary and Martha, and gram observance, each month work, and we have reason to hope that brief talks on the missionary's having four personified weeks, each week seven human days, our school will grow in numbers and a penny a day being the toll from each person. (Otherwise enthusiasm and in knowledge of, the each member of this human calendar is asked to earn and great Guide Book which we all are turn in a dollar for missionary benevolences. ) studying. The motto selected for the coming year is: Only out· best is good enough for Christ.

Let each one memorize it and live it.

Then Sunday School will be what our Divine Pilot would have it.

The program for Rally Day was built around the idea of an ocean trip, and to give atmos- phere to the voyage, the plat- form had been decorated to resemble a ship. The songs used were: . "Jesus, Saviour, home on the various fields in Pilot Me," "Let the Lower which the organization was in- RALLY DAY IN THE SUNDAY Lights Be Burning," etc. Paul's SCHOOL* shipwreck and rescue was the terested, as an opportunity and Scripture story; "Our Chart an object lesson among the non- Many missionary programs and Compass in Life" the sub- Christian natives. The improve- ject of a brief address by the ment in native homes after nowadays are built around the pastor. their inmates became Christian figure of a world tour or ocean was another fertile topic. A cruise. Here is one which is Announcement was made home mission dramatization calculated to give the Church that the missionary cruise was and a luncheon inclusive of School a fine start at its first starting and that China would parched corn and other au- autumn meeting. It was used be the first port of call, and tummiJ Indian features closed in the Concord Presbyterian that other countries would be School at Carrick, Pennsyl- visited during the winter. the meeting. A missionary garden party vania. Two weeks later, in the clos- Five days before Rally Day, ing exercises of the school the furnishes a good opening in the daughter of a missionary in fall, and may be used to famili- a letter similar to the one be- China gave a fine talk, illusarize guests with newly elected low was mailed to every mem- trated with curios, on the part officers at annual gatherings ber of the Church School: falling during the summer, Dear Friend; of China in which she had lived N ow that summer is over and vacanew plans by the denomination for a number of years. Several for the opening year, names of tion a thing of the past, we are look- weeks later, a pretended land- ing .forward with enthusiasm to the the new study books, etc. Type fall and winter work. As a member ing in India was made and a a considerable list of the de- of – – Sunday School you will, of native Hindu in a near-by uni- course, be interested in its plans for sired questions on slips of the coming months. versity gave a talk with profuse paper, their answers being on illustrations of curios. A young separate slips. Pin these suf- September 25th is Rally Day. At Egyptian from a theological ficiently far apart to necessitate seminary not far away effected • Copyright, The Duplex Envelope Company, Richmond, Va, Abridged.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

the fifteen-minute landing in Unrivaled in natural beauty 3. Public schools Egypt that had been previously Cosmopolitan Developing cooperation in Govannounced. And thus all dur- The Indian's place in it ing the winter the "landing fea- ernment schools tures" were used in the closing 2. The Indian's contribution to the 4. Religious education in Governassembly period. world ment schools OUTLINE STUDIES OF "IN- Trails along which the United 5. Mission schools and their influ- DIAN AMERICANS" States expanded ence By MRS. B. P. HEUENER Lure of the out-of-doors Aim-to make citizens "with the Foods Baptist,,,Missionary Education Heritage of beauty finger print of God" Se~etary for Illinois Devotionals: The Christian Student. Devotionals: Our Joint Heritage of These studies-greatly con- Religious Inspiration. Eph. 6: 8, 9; Provo 4:5; Romans 12:2; 2 Tim. densed on account of space limitations-were presented by Romans 8:14, 16, 17; 10:12. 2:15. Mrs. Heubner in the Normal Supplementary Suggestions: S1tpplementary Suggestions: Course on Home Missions, at Lake Geneva Interdenomina- Prepare list of Indian names in Name and locate Indian schools tional School of Missions last summer. Their aim was (1) your own or a neighboring of your denomination to provide a guide in the teach- state, with historical connec- Impersonations in dialog form er-training course of that tion where possible. school; (2) to furnish material One or more choice legends told. of students from government, for later mission study groups public and mission· schools, in local churches; (3) to serve Two menus incorporating as as the basis of programs in discussing relative advantages both senior and young people's many Indian foods as possible. groups. Room decorated with samples of and disadvantages of their re- Text: Indian Americans, by Indian art. spective schools Winifred Hulbert. Special assignments on such A day in a Government school- A uxiliary Helps: Meriam- themes as "The Place of Mu- may be impersonation of Hinman's "Facing the Future .sic in the Indians' Life"; in Indian Missions"; "The Moc- teacher casin Trail," by. Bruce Kin- phonograph records of such A day in a mission school ney; "Leaders' Manual," by music; readings of Indian Assigned talks on Bacone Col- Elizabeth Mann Clark; books of Indian legends, music and poems or translations; "Story lege or Santee Normal Trainpoetry; magazine articles as in- of Sacajawea," from "The dicated in the successive les- Bird Woman," by Schults. ing School, on education for sons. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW preservation of Indian culture OF THE WORLD, July-August, Topic for Discnssion: Should mission 1932. schools be continued?* Aim: (1) To secure a knowl- CH!PTER II-E PLURIBUS UNUM CHAPTER IV-FACING 14 COMPETITIVE edge of present conditions among American Indians; (2) A.im: To realize the adjustments to WORLD to recognize and assume the responsibility of every Christian American life necessary to be made Aim: To understand the Indian's individual toward these Indians. by Indians. problems of adjustment to the pre- Keynote: "In the America Topics: that was ours before it was vailing civilization; to recognize yours, we desire to take our 1. Changing attitudes place in the ranks of Christian and assume the Christian's opporcitizenship." (From address of 2. The Indian no relic of the past tunity to help in solving them. Indians to President Coolidge Growing race versus tribal con- Topics: at Pine Ridge Agency, August 17, 1927.) sciousness 1. Looking for a job CHAPTER I-A HOMELAND SHARED 3. Out of many tribes, one race In Indian service; in white Aim of Session: To recognize our cul- 4. Out of many races, one nation world; on reservation tural and spiritual as well as our material heritage from the Indians. 5. Old ways and new days 2. From Stone Age to Machine Age Aim of adjustments-to produce at a step Topics: 1. The land which the Indians highest type of citizen E con 0 m i c adjustments-ex- shared Means-Government, mlSSIOns, change, citizenship obliga- touch of average white life tions, occupations open Devotionals: International Citizen- Social adjustments – initiative ship. Book of Ruth. lacking; prejudice to be over- Supplementary Suggestions: come; problems in city life; Map drill locating tribes service of Y.M.C.A. and In- Spell-down on tribal names dian Office Game of jumbled tribal names 3. The Church's opportunity Story of "The Trail of Tears" Devo tionals: In the world but not of Study of distinctive and com- it. John 17:8-17. mon tribal customs Supplementa1'y Suggestions: Roll call of pioneer missionaries 1. Roll call of Indians known in to Indians '. history Question for Discussion: How far 2. Talk, "Citizenship privileges of will intermarriage with whites aid Indians" in adjustment to American civiliza- 3. "The White Man's Book of tion? Heaven" speech (in play, "Two Thousand Miles for a CHAPTER III-TOOLS FOR THE FUTURE Book" and in Indian Office Aim: To discover the strong features Bulletin for 1928; No.8) in every type of school. To face the 4. Survey of your city or locality problems involved in making citi- to discover number of In- zens "with the finger print of God." dians, their living accommoda- Topics: tions, social and recreational 1. Education and student problems advantages and church affilia- Learning a trade tions Financing a higher education Discussion Topic: If you lived in a Winning a place in the modern . section where there were Indians world and had positions to offer, to which 2. Government schools today would you give preference-Indians Aim-to educate to make a liv- * (See Indian Office Bulletins of Education ing and to become citizens Division; ah::,o Prof"feSsi'L'e Educatim, Feb, Recent improvements 1[132.)

or whites? How can we touch the Devotionals: God the Creator and The next meeting is desig- lives of some Indian young people? Guiding Spirit. Mal. 2: 10, Rev. nated "A Look Around"-' "Look not every man to his CHAPTER V-AT HOME IN THE INDIAN 4:11; Is. 58:11; Ps. 37:5. own things but also to the Supplementary Suggestions: things of others." Migrant COUNTRY work in the homeland is to be 1. Map locating the missions of considered. Aim: To see the Indian student in your denomination. his home environment; to discover "Look unto Him," with a means of making the home envir- 2. Roll call-name, location and home-coming address by the onment safe and progressive toward type of service of a mission- pastor, is the theme of the third "the abundant life." ary to Indians, in your de- nomination. mabneeidentgi,nwg"e,TreihtesyliSglcohrotiekpnetedudr.e'-~,k-.e, yT"n'hTo!etn.e. Topics: 1. The student back among his peo- 3. Comparison of health safeguards comes "A Look Across the Sea" ple in average American and av- -"Go ye therefore and teach 2. Home viewpoints erage Indian communities. all nations." This will give op- 3. Constructive plans for the fu- portunity for a review of the ture 4. Impersonation of Steve Quones- study book on China, which is Legal protection tiwa. (See "Moccasin Trail," to be studied in all the circles Improved reservation system Chapter 9.) of the organization. Removal of evil white influence (See Home Mission Congress state- "Look and Praise"-"Let us Devotionals: Newness of Life. Eph. ment, Congress Report.) offer the sacrifices of praise to 4:21-24. God continually," will be the GENERAL PROJECTS FOR THE COURSE theme for the November meet- Supple7nentary Suggestions: ing, which will feature a pag- 1. Discussion topics: That Indians 1. Comparison of Indian proverbs eant and praise gifts. . should be encouraged to per- form at rodeos, at fairs and and teachings with similar Scrip- "A Look Inward"-"Examine for tourists. How can the In- yourselves"-heralds a mission- dian's heritage of culture be tural references. ary magazine presentation. made significant to him? What contribution can Christian 2. Study of Indian legends for simi- "A Look Up," on the keynote missions make toward the of Luke 21 :28, is in celebra- wise use of enforced or nat- larity in Old Testament stories. tion of the World's Day of ural leisure? Prayer. 2. Debate: Resolved, That the Res- 3. Detailed sketch of work of one of ervation System Should Be "Look to Thy Neighbor," Abolished. your own missions. Matt. 19 :19, agam will afford 3. Assignments: The desirable and opportunity for a review on the undesirable aspects of tri- 4. Prepare a play for public presen- Indian study book. bal holidays or ceremonial trips. How be adapted to tation (see Elizabeth Mann Clark's "Look to the Harvest," Matt. good purposes? Class member 9 :37, with a survey of world investigate and report what Leaders' Manual and denomina- mission fields, will close this measures relative to the In- dians are before Congress. tional catalogues for names of unique series. Write your congressmen, in- plays). .• dividually or in a group. Where We Place the Emphasis Consult the Indian Rights As- 5. Secure local or missionary speaker sociation, 995 Drexel Build- of authority to address church. Each year $750,000,000 is ing, Philadelphia. spent for cosmetics, perfumes 6. Stereopticon lectures on Indian life (See "Literary Digest," Aug. 3, 1929 and creams. -"The Plight of the Educated In- and missions. $350,000,000 for soft drinks. dian." $300,000,000 for beautiful 7. Prepare an "Indian Night" for Also "Atlantic Monthly," Dec., 1929- furs. "Yours Lovingly" whole church at close of study. $500,000,000 for jewels. Nov., 1931-"Two Insurgents" See Clark's Manual for instruc- $800,000,000 for cigarettes. tions. Readings from "Kiowa," by $250,000,000 for ice cream CHAPTER VI-AN INDIAN ApPROACH Isabel Crawford. 8. Public Debates. and cakes. TO GOD $100,000,000 for candies. 9. Carryon correspondence with mis- $200,000,000 for chewing gum. A itn: To face the problems and as- And from each dollar people sume the responsibility involved sionary in your own denomination. in cooperating with the Indians in have, 75 per cent of a cent goes developing a truly Christian envir- Note: "Topics" in the foregoing for the Lord's work. onment. outlines may become the basis for talks, impersonations, dramatizations, "Less than a cent, 0 keepers of gold, Topics: With houses and lands and riches un- news items, "Living Magazines" or told; 1. Truths from Indians' past; sim- "Newspapers Come to Life" (cover- Less than a cent-it cannot be ilarities to Christians' truths. ing subject matter) or any other rep- That is the way you divided with me." 2. The Indian and the Christian '. utable means of popularizing the ma- Church. terial. Dominant problems-securing an education; deep, practical SOME POINTERS FOR PRO- religious belief; health stand- GRAM MAKERS ards; self-respecting economic standards; wholesome and The First Baptist Church of sufficient recreational activi- Wichita, Kansas, has worked ties; appreciation of citizen- out its year's programs from ship and opportunity to prac- the keyword "Look," using the tise it; training of Christian Scripture theme, "Eyes they leaders. have, but see not." (Query; 3. Through brotherhood to God- Should this not be balanced Indian contribution. with a positive passage instead of resting upon a negative?) The first meeting is entitled, "A Look Forward," this being an introduction to the new offi- cers and a preview of the year's endeavor. Its motif 'is, "No man, having put his hand to the plow and looking back, is fit for the Kingdom of Heaven." The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEES HOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK WITH THE PEA PICKERS crop is one of the earliest crops Contract labor is used in By EVA BARNES, R. N. of the spring, many come from peas. A man, usually a Mexi- the cotton fields to pick and, as can or Porto Rican, will con- a result, there were about tract with the grower to pkk "Oh, I know her; she's our thirty families whom I knew in his peas. He brings in the peonurse we had while we were in the cotton and about fifteen pIe and pays them and he is cotton," and dark eyes sparkled others who had lived in cotton the "boss." Many contractors in friendly recognition as the camps in the San Joaquin Val- agree to pick peas for several well-known "Chevy" stopped ley, outside of the district in of the growers. This system before a row of twenty or which I had worked. The peo- makes it more difficult to bring twenty-five rather dilapidated pIe were surprised and very the work to the attention of the looking tents pitched on the much 'pleased to find that the grower. The growers with bank 6f a wide ravine down nurse had come to peas also. whom contact was made were which trickled a little stream This gave a certain continuity pleased with what was being of water. While the other chil- to the work started in the fall. done. Another disadvantage is dren looked at the stranger In visiting camps, it was most that the grower feels no rerather curiously and with not a interesting to find friends and sponsibility -for the people who little suspicion, Margarita, who to be welcomed by a friendly he feels belong entirely to the had migrated with her family smile and word of recognition. contractor. The latter feels that in a rickety Ford car some 175 In only one section of a camp he must make as much as posmiles from cotton to peas, were there no familiar faces sible from the people and he jumped upon the running board found. Here a large number of is not so interested in their of the car and exclaimed joy- gypsies of Roumanian-Serbian well-being. This is particularly fully, "We didn't think you'd descent had settled for the crop true this year when everyone come to peas, too, but we're season. To me they were very is trying to "get by" with the sure glad to see you .for my interesting as it was the first least possible expenditure. little brother, Juanito, the one time I had met them. They As the season lasts from four that had the awful burn and were quite distinct from their to six weeks, the camps are you took care of him 'til it was Mexican neighbors in the same only temporary, the people all well, he's got hiedra (poison camp; their brightly colored, bringing their own tents. The oak) and his face all swell up. usually of flowered material, camp site is selected in a level Look, Nurse, it all down by the full, long skirts and consider- space or along a ravine under creek where we go to get water able jewelry served to dif- the trees. The latter location and wood," and she pointed ferentiate thern at a, glance. is cooler and pleasanter, but down into the wide and shady They did not appear to be as poison oak is' found in abunravine where ten or twelve destitute as the Mexican mi- dance. Margarita's brother was other tents were pitched. grants. Their tents were larger not the only one whose "face Due to the fact that only two and made of more durable ma- was all swell up." Some had of the canneries of the Sacra- terial and they had beds and it more, some less. Many were mento Delta District opened the very elaborate bedspreads. The the calls for medicine to soothe early part of April, it was pos- gypsies also had better care. the itching and burning. _sible this spring to open a new They had come from various Many times an extra "room" work in Washington Township parts of California. Most of was built onto the tent from in Southern Alameda County, the adults were American-born. cartons, corrugated tin, old California. This region, which Their native language was pieces of lumber, etc. In some is but a short distance from the Roumanian although they did instances families lived in old San Francisco East Bay Dis- speak English fairly well. At barns which had been made trict, is becoming an increas- first they were inclined to look fairly habitable. It was rather ingly important center for the with a little suspicion on the interesting to find that the pea industry. Here many hun- nurse but when they found she better and more thrifty Mexidreds of acres of hills and low- was their friend and had come . can families who had come lands are planted with peas to help them, they were most from the cotton camps, where which are picked by means of cordial and always ready to they were accustomed to houses, migratory labor. As the pea welcome her. did manage to make enough or [499 ] had saved a little to enable time; my sister catch cold and ing in the peas is a real probthem to rent a house or build- she been very sick in the throat lem. ing which had formerly been since then," the older brother used for a barn or garage, but explained. They had been un- Wages for picking peas have which was better than a tent. able to take her to the doctor decreased greatly in the last For this they paid from five to as they had just arrived that few years .as in other seasonal ten dollars a month. Others paid day and had no money. crops. In some sections in 1930 one dollar a month for the the pickers received one dollar privilege of putting their tent Instructions were left to for a hamper which holds about in the back yard of some pri- make the little sufferer more thirty-two pounds. In 1931 they vate residence. In the regular comfortable and in a few days received thirty-five cents and camps no charge was made. All the swelling subsided and she this year only twenty cents, a camps were inspected by the was much better. few contractors paying only Housing and Immigration Com- eighteen cents. Even at that, mission and the contractors "You bring us more 'papeIi- a fairly good picker could make were forced to make the tos' (little papers) 7" a group from seventy-five cents to one camp conform with state of boys and girls asked conregulations. dollar a day and the com- "LITTLE MOTHERS" bined earnings of the fam- In the section there DOING THE I~AMILY WASHING ily were more than in cotwere about 1,200 people. The majority of these stantly. As some primary Sun- ton. As the work was were Mexicans, but there day school papers were given steady until just about the were a good many Porto out, they were seized eagerly close of the season when Ricans and a few white while one boy assured us they did not pick some American and R u s s ian proudly, "I can read; I in the days at all or for only a fa mil i e s. Eight large high fourth." The papers with few hours, there was not camps were visited regu- brightly colored pictures were the actual destitution and larly and five smaller ones carefully reserved for the sick privation there was in the occasionally, as well as children or for those who had cotton. This was due in many transient families to be "cured" in some way. great part to the weather. living in Decoto. Three Very few of the children went As long as there was hundred and one health and to school. As the season was steady work, they got forty-one other calls were made short, the schools did not want along fairly well and had throughout the season; one hun- them particularly for they dred and thirty-four patients hardly got started when they enough for necessities but little were treated and thirty-eight were gone. Most of the camps for extras. Several told me the were advised. Minor illnesses were about two and one-half children had no shoes and could such as sore throats, sore eyes, miles from the school and in not go to school. There were a colds, toothaches, swollen and in- this state no child can be forced few calls for clothes. flamed glands, intestinal dis- to go to school more than two orders, boils, poison oak and miles if transportation is not As the peas are early in this minor injuries such as cuts and provided. None of the schools section, many of the people miburns, were found and cared for. provided transportation. I fear grate from here to the coast in Skin diseases such as impetigo, that in some of the camps the the vicinity of Half Moon Bay scabies and ring worm, were contractor 'placed his 'camp just and also farther south where prevalent but cleared up under beyond the two-mile limit so he there are late peas. While only proper treatment. There were would not have to send the chil- a small beginning was made in a few cases of pneumonia. dren to school. The atten- this region this year, contact Mothers were advised as to diet dance officer said the children was made with several interfor babies, and pre-natal advice would not be allowed to pick ested groups in nearby cities and literature were given ex- during school hours, but this which will help put the work on pectant mothers. The work was rule was not adhered to. School- a more permanent footing in appreciated by the people and the future and will help to open in practically all cases they gave up new avenues of service in good cooperation. this community. Several friends from Oakland were taken to In one camp a girl was found the camps and their interest was greatly stimulated. There with a bath towel wrapped was fine cooperation between local health centers and local around her neck. She could doctors. Many new friends were scarcely speak due to a severe made and old friends found. and case of tonsilitis. "While we in practically every camp there were coming over the moun- were those whose faces lighted tains, our car break down; it up with pleasure when they was very cold in the night found "La Nurse" had followed them to peas.

W orld·'wide

~,,~~A ~ Miss~ iona~ ry N~ ewsp~ ape~ r of ~ Curr~ ent E~ ven~ ts ~~~ JAPAN-CHOSEN The steady spiritual progress Again have I become the child of an .aching heart Newspaper Evangelism among her people has not re- Four years ago there were six ceived so much attention. Dr. Carrying the burden of Japan's D. C. Holtom, a Baptist mis- crime, centers of newspaper evangel- sionary, reports from Tokyo: Begging pardon of China and of the world ism in Japan; at present there "In the presence of distress at With a shattered soul,- are thirty. Last year more than home, and abroad, the Christian Again am I .a child of sadness.

10,000 men and women, having Church has preserved a steady- Korea Keeps in Step seen the articles or advertise- ing and constructive attitude. There are some 2,600 Presbyments, wrote to inquire more In the face of the stimulation terian congregations in Korea, about Christianity. They came of the military ideal through with 160,000 or more believers. from every prefecture and col- the repercussion on the national ony in the Japanese Empire, mind -of events in Manchuria Since January reports tell of and also from China, Borneo, and Shanghai, the church has churches doubling their memand the South Seas. Many have found opportunity to uphold been baptized and are now as- with a new boldness the idea bership, new groups started, new buildings erected, an excel- lent spirit everywhere, all partsociated with a Christian con- of peace. It has been driven ly the result of the Forward gregation. There are 500 mem- by the financial urge to find Movement initiated last fall. bers of the New Life Society in new and greater resources of The Sunday School Associadirect touch by correspondence the Spirit. The 'Kingdom of with the Tokyo office. Many God Movement,' has brought tion of Korea conducts a Bible the forces of the Gospel aginteresting letters are continual- gressively into contact with Correspondence Course and ly received, telling of changed over 4,000 people have p.aid the equivalent of a day's wages for lives, and the joy of Christian hundreds of thousands of men the New Testament booklet and experience. and women throughout the questions, or two days' wages Helping Japan's Farmers land. It has undertaken a for the Old Testament. Two strong program of training lay hundred and sixty-nine men at- Five years ago Kagawa's first leaders; of re-directing the in- tended the six weeks' Bible In- "Japan Far mer's Gospel ner life through national evan- stitute in Pyengyang, all at gelistic campaigns; of bringing School" was opened. Two hun- both material and spiritual re- their own expense. Women who lief to the hard-pressed rural attend the ten-day Bible classes dred such schools are now be- communities through the pro- walk an average of ten to thirty ing held. The daily program motion of Peasant Gospel miles, some farther. They eat Schools; and of deepening the and sleep all those days in acute begins with flag-raising, to the spiritual life among the Chris- discomfort, but they take back strains of the Kimigayo, fol- into the life of their little counlowed by a hymn and prayer, breakfast dishes, a Bible lecture, and then the demonstra- tian groups themselves through try villages the thrill of the tions of agricultural experts. an intelligent program of Chris- great assembly. Heart to heart talks .on the tian education. In the total na- A magazine, Woman's Opin- tional life of Japan the leader- Christian life have resulted in ship of the Christian Church ion, proves that Korea is no some decisions. One of the stu- has never been more vigorous longer only a man's country. dents wrote: "I am joyfully re- than during the past year." membering and putting in prac- -The Presbyterian. tice what I learned at the – Watchman-Examiner. school. In the evening father, ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC mother, and I sit in the warmth Kagawa's Poem on Japan's of the quilts over the brazier, Attack on China Gains in Malaya The Malaya Annual Confer- and I retell to them what I Toyohiko Kagawa wrote a ence of the Methodist Episcopal heard at the school and wrote poem entitled, "Child of an Church reported last year a net down in my notebook." Aching Heart," at the time of gain of membership of 15.7 per -Congreg(ttionaHst. the Sino-Japanese incident in cent. In the Philippine Islands, Signs of Spiritual Progress Shanghai. The poem was in-' with a decreased missionary ap- cluded in a "Peace Bulletin of propriation and a very small Japan's military adventures the Friends of Jesus" and wide- missionary staff, the reports re- have had much recent publicity. ly distributed: veal a net gain of 5,270 mem- [501 ]

bers. This brings the total sembly room, which seats 600 crisis, to be held in the Chicago members for the Singapore people, is rearranged for Sun- Temple auditorium November Area to 86,000. All the eight day, and a dignified service is 29 to December 2, 1932. This Districts are now led by Fili- made possible. Students and conference will discuss such pino pastors who have rendered faculty have contributed over topics as, The Challenge of the twenty years of constructive $5,000 toward the church of City, The Church in a Democservice. their dreams. racy, The Fight for Righteous- ness and The Church and Co- A Pastor's Courage -Women and Missions. operative Life. Speakers will include Jane Addams, Prof. Ar- The pastor of a large Meth- On the Island of Bali thur E. Holt, Rev. H. P. Dougodist Church on Mindanao, self- lass and Rev. Douglas Thornsupporting for a year, reveals No Christian missions have ton. Each day sessions will be the difficulties and blessings of been permitted on Bali, but devoted to group discussions. the present situation. about a year ago the Dutch This will not solve the city's government granted permission problem. A campaign of pray- For the month of October we have for a resident Chinese mission- er and evangelism is needed received less than $5, although the ary to preach to his own people for the regeneration of the men, spirit of the members to give is still on the island. Some have now women and children of the city. the same, or in some cases still more accepted Christ, among them strong. The amount of their gifts is two young men whose fathers Church Growth gradually decreasing because of the were Chinese and whose mothfinancial crisis. I commit all to the ers were Balinese. These young Statistics for all Churches, mercy and goodness of a loving Fath- men have witnessed to their gathered and published by the er, who is ever present in time of Balinese friends and relatives Christian Herald, gives the totrouble. Personally, I can stand this and ,a considerable number of tal Church membership for adverse situation, but my wife and pure Balinese country folk be- every decade since 1800. This children cannot stand it. There are came deeply interested in the membership has grown more trying moments when the children are Gospel, turned their backs upon rapidly than the population. In sick and we have no money for medi- their age-long belief in Hindu- 1800 reported membership was cine. All we could do in such a time ism, threw down their idols, only 6.5 per cent of the popuwas to pray and our children got well. and declared themselves believ- lation; this ratio in 1860 had The saving grace of Jesus has become ers on Jesus Christ. Twenty- reached 16.6 per cent, and toa living reality to us in our sorest six men and women who have day it stands at 40.1 per cent. need. After all, there are spiritual thus taken their stand have This does not include children lessons to learn in a seemingly trying been baptized. They are among below the age of Church memtemporal situation-to develop one's probably the first of this race bership,. except in the case of faith in God and to teach one to de- to accept Jesus as their saviour. the Roman Catholics, who estipend on God only. Many more are earnest seekers mate the entire Catholic popu- after the truth, possibly one lation. Near half of the Amer- -Missionary Herald. hundred inquirers. The work ican people are professing is spreading from village to Christians. The total gain in Silliman Student Conversions village, and notwithstanding Church membership last year very considerable opposition on was 433,656, apportioned among More than 2,500 have found the part of local Balinese coun- the principal denominations as Christ in Silliman Institute and try officials, these Christians follows: Baptists, 139,526; Luhave dedicated their lives to are becoming more established therans, 49,931; Methodists, Him. They are scattered over and are witnessing wherever 46,225; Presbyterian, 16,676 ; the Islands and in other lands. they go. Roman· Catholics, 15,243. The Thirty-one are in the ministry; Disciples of Christ showed a twenty-three are preparing for -The Pioneer. loss of 4,477, ,and the Congreit. Besides the twenty teaching gationalists of 736. in Silliman, sixteen are teach- NORTH AMERICA ing in other schools where the A Call for Prayer Bible is taught. Two are phy- A City ~hurch Conference sicians and five are nurses in A seri.es of meetings held in mission hospitals; five are in The modern city is the center Philadelphia a few months ago the service of the Y. M. C. A. of vice and lawlessness; it is to consider the great need for Usually the year begins with a also the place of great need and a spiritual revival resulted in third of the 900 students al- of great religious activity. The the adoption of the following ready evangelical Christians committee on the City and New "Call to Prayer" : and ends with about half the Americans of the Home Misstudent body as church mem- sions Council and the Council Great evils have come upon us bebers. of Women for Home Missions cause we have forgotten God. . is arranging for an interdenom- For thirty years Silliman has inational conference on the city Evil times are upon us, but it may had no church building-a seri- and the church in the present please God to send revival, since He ous handicap, for it is difficult says, "If my people which are called to create a worshipful atmosphere on Sunday morning in a room where everything suggests the secular associations of the week. To offset this the as-

OUR WORLD-WIDE,9UTLOOK

by My name shall humble themselves, day school to set apart some Japanese Woman's Home and p,ray and seek My face, and turn of the farm land, or certain In and around Seattle there from their wicked way: then will I farm animals, and at the har- are about 8,000 Japanese, of hear from Heaven, and will forgive vest season sell the produce or whom more than 1,000 are their sin and heal their land" (2 the animals and give the pro- Christians, and 400 are mem- ceeds to the church. Those who bers of the Baptist Church. The Chron.7:14). have been in the plan state that Japanese Woman's Home, the There is a bankruptcy of hum,an it has three outstanding results: oldest Christian center in this first, that contributions have area, has three departments : leadership in all fields. The situation been increasing; second, that it church, kindergarten and womin the world is desperate and beyond provides training in stewardthe control of men. It may grow worse ship; third, that there are val- an's home. rapidly unless there is supernatural uable spiritual results – that Bible reading and hymn sing- people acquire new attitudes tointervention. ward. the earth and are striving ing is carried on in Japanese The supreme need of the hour is a more zealously to make it holy. homes, with Japanest men and women as co-workers, testifyg?-"eat spiritual awakening like the re- -Watchman-Examiner. ing, praying, and doing acts of vlVal under the Wesleys in the Eight- kindness for Christ's sake with McBeth Mission Closes the joy of service shining in eenth century which saved England from the horrors of the French Revo- their faces. lution. Such movements have ,always been prepared by a widespread force of prayer, as in the thousands of prayer groups that were formed in Wesley's time.

We therefore earnestly appeal to Christians everywhere to forsake their sins and to return to the sim- Mis,S Mary Margaret Craw- Western Canada's Children plicity of Bible faith. We appeal to Christians individually to pr,ay more ford, known to her friends as Over 8,000 children are enearnestly for revival within the rolled in the Bible Memory Con- Church, and to form prayer groups "Miss Maizie," after 33 years test operated in four provinces for united intercession. in rural Western Canada by the on the field in McBeth Mission Canadian Sunday School Mis- We suggest the following to meet for Nez Per~e Indians at Lap- sion of Winnipeg. In one place the nearest church is 135 miles the special needs of the various classes wai, Idaho, has retired. As the away. This mission has over a of each community: hundred Sunday schools in ru- whole faculty of a theological ral communities where a few 1. Groups of women, meeting in years ago there were none. Last one and another's homes, daily or seminary for Nez Per~es, summer they held 76 summer weekly, at some convenient hour dur- Makahs, and Spokanes, Miss schools of two-week periods where many children accepted ing the day. Crawford has borne the respon- Christ as their Saviour. Boys 2. Cottage prayer meetings in sibility of training Indian ap- and girls who have memorized homes in the evening to be held each Scripture in the contests for week. plicants for the ministry since two years are eligible for a 1915, when her aunt, Miss Kate Bible Correspondence Course of 3. Weekly prayer meetings for 52 lessons, with questions to be McBeth, died and left the answered and returned for coryoung people. rection. Radio evangelism each Sunday from November to 4. Daily or weekly pr,ayer meetings unique work in her niece's April is another ministry of for business men at the noon-hour in the center of the city. hands. In addition to this she the mission. Also, summer carried on a many-sided com- camps for children and ~or ru- 5. Prayer group,s of ministers and ral school teachers. A total of church officers on Saturday night; and munity program which included 80 workers were engaged last of ministers with each other. year, most of them volunteers. religious work in the govern- Christians are asked to pray ment tuberculosis sanitorium, and work for the formation of courses in domestic arts and thousands of small groups, not sciences and music, and instrucwaiting to be invited, but tak- tion of Indian communities in ing the initiative. When the , politics and citizenship. spiritual movement comes then McBeth mission, including the spiritual, social and finan- the seminary for the training cial distress of our day will be of Nez Per~e, Makah and Spokhealed. . ane Indians, will be closed this Send the name and address of one member summer. This action was takof a prayer group to the Great Commission en by the Board of National Prayer League, 808 North LaSalle Street, Chi- Missions of the Presbyterian cago.

Lord's Acre Movement Church in the belief that the LATIN AMERICA Nez Per<;e Indians have out- Seventy churches, represent- grown "the milk of the Gos- Cause for Optimism ing seven religious bodies in pel," as Paul puts it, and as western North Carolina, are co- Christians are ready for as- The Rev. G. A. Riggs writes operating this year in' the sum p t ion of .responsibilities in a recent Watchman-Exam- "Lord's Acre Movement." The that are at once the obligation iner: plan, originated several years and the privilege of maturity. Baptist work in Puerto Rico conago by the Baptists of Georgia, The six Nez Per~e churches" tinues to prosper. In spite of the crowded condition of our buildings, is being promoted by the Farm- under Board of National Mis- our Sunday schools not only hold their sions are pastored by six fine attendance, but increase. For more ers Federation. The churches Indian ministers, trained in the than a month the average attendance cooperating asked each member seminary. of the church and of the Sun- of the Rio Piedras Sunday school has

been well ahove 500; with about as Evangelical Influence is pioneering among Indians in many more in Barrio Sunday school, the Beni region and preaching for which this church is responsible. Of the twenty republics con- and distributing the Scriptures In most of our churches there is op- stituting what is known as Lat- throughout Bolivia. The Irish timism and enthusiasm in spite of the in America, not one is without Baptist Foreign Mission workpinch of poverty and reduced pay- evangelical schools. In most ing at Rosario, a city of half a ments on pastors' salaries. Enforced cases, their students have come million people in the Argentine, lowered appropriations fr.om the Home from social strata not reached has planted six vi go r 0 u s Mission Society has left six of our by the evangelistic arm of the churches. Fifty were recently smaller churches pastorless, but in all missions, but they have been a baptized. The mission is piobut one case the work goes forward. silent, persistent force for neering into Southern Peru, righteousness, the Bible and its where the scattered people can Progressive Women teachings have been exalted in only be reached by continual the lives of their Christian evangelism. The Inland South Puerto Rican women are im- teachers, and untold thousands America Missionary Union is porta}:,!. .factors in the religious of young men and women have reaching Indians and others by life of<t~ 1::. island. Although learned of Christ and have tried means of a launch in Iquitos they lead~ery busy lives they to follow him in their own lives. district, Peru, also the Bororo find time to visit the sick and Indians, Brazil, and those at needy, to carry to them spirit- A testimonial to Mackenzie San Roque, Argentine. The Salual comfort, cheer and practical College in Sao Paulo, Brazil, vation Army has decided to help, as funds permit. A proj- written by a Latin American, send a mission to work among ect now in process of develop- might well be said of other the ticket-of-leave men at the ment by the women is that of evangelical schools: French convict settlements in doing something to give to the French Guiana, Ile Royale, Ile needy aged in Puerto Rico their A great change has c.ome over us St. Joseph and Devil's Island. proper place and care. In some in Sao Paulo. We have found that 4,000 convicts are here engaged places school children are to be religious thought is perfectly com- in hard labor in lumber camps. asked to each give one penny patible with scientific thought. You The Union Seminanr at Buenos for starting a fund, which may people at Mackenzie do not parade Aires, the Training Center at lead to the establishment of a your religion, but you have it, .and Azul, Argentine-in the joint home for these unfortunates. make it felt, and stand for it on any interests of the Evangelical suitable occasion; and you are doing Union of South America, and Temperance programs have the best scientific training that is be- the Christian and Missionary formed another part of the ing done in Brazil today. Weare Alliance of America-and the women's responsibility, and a convinced that incompatibility of sci- Training College of the Latin civic organization known as entific thought is with a certain type American Evangelization Cam- Mujeres Votantes (V 0 tin g of religious thought, and not neces- paign in Costa Rica, are doing Women) is doing much to pre- sarily with Christianity. You can this work of training. pare women for their coming safely say to any intelligent audience responsibility of suffrage by in Sao Paulo today that God the Creholding night schools to reduce ator is the Governor from whom, by the illiteracy which debars whom and to whom all things pertain, Puerto Rican women from vot- without exciting a sneer on the part ing.-Women and Missions. of the thoughtful men.

Adverse Situation in Mexico -Presbyterian Banner.

Mexico's measures to curb re- Cooperation in Latin America EUROPE ligious bigotry are becoming more drastic. While not direct- Coordination of evangelical British Methodist Union ed against Protestant missions, these .are suffering the conse- forces in Latin America in or-. The Wesleyan Methodists, the quences of the struggle. No der to evangelize untouched re- Primitive Methodists and the Bible study may now be con- gions is being promoted by the United Methodists, the three ducted in school, no minister, Latin American Fellowship. A largest bodies of the Methodist either Mexican or American, conference representing work in name in Great Britain, have may teach any religious subject, Spain and Portugal, and its re- formed a plan of union to go and not even grace may be lated activities in Latin Amer- into effect on September 20. asked at meals. According to ica, will contribute to the gen- Representatives of the three the Mexican Constitution all er:al scheme of coordination. bodies will meet in Albert Hall real estate owned by any relig- The Evangelical Union of South and declare the three churches ious organization becomes at America is seeking to put all its to be one, the terms and condionce the property of the government. A new law in Mexico work on an indigenous basis, tions of the union having al- City and its vicinity prohibits anyone from preaching in and pioneer efforts in Argen- ready been approved by the remore than one locality. -Record of Christian Work. tine and in the Sao Francisco spective Conferences. The united Valley in Brazil will apply and church will be the largest Non- develop these principles. Re- conformist communion in Great markable meetings and many Britain.

conversions followed weeks of On doctrinal standards, no special prayer at Sao Paulo, change is admitted, but the Act Brazil. of Parliament under which the The Bolivian Indian Mission union is authorized empowers

OUR WORLD-WID~..oUTLOOK

the new church to change its A mer i can Congregational their pastors. Beggars are co.nstitution to meet changing churches and missio.n stations, tramping from village to vil- conditions, sho.uld that be neces- and in Bulgaria forty churches lage. Along the Volga the cases sary. There is every indication and mission stations with a to.- of death by starvation increase.

that the union will be affected tal membership of 5,000, and Men, who are compelled to de- witho.ut the loss o.f a single 3,000 children in the Sunday vour the carcasses of fallen ani- church or minister. schools. A revival of these mals, have nothing to offer pas- The German National Church churches would bless 650,000 tors. Moslems in Bulgaria. In Al- There is also a dearth of The German Evangelical Lu- bania, Kortcha is of prime imtheran Church, with its 40,000,- houses. Pastors are compelled 000 members, is the largest portance, where the American to ask for shelter of any colsingle Pro.testant church gro.up. onist who. will grant it. Most Thro.ugh -all the succeeding po.- Mission is at work. An evanlitical and so.cial upheavals it gelical revival here, in view of men are afraid of ' .lg exhas remained substantially in- the present impressionable con- cluded from the Cok. ~~IVe or o.f tact. Furthermo.re, by forming sharing the fate of the exiled an "Evangelical Church Feder- ditio.n of Albania, would reach kulaks. In many instances a ation" it is endowed with more than half a million Mos- pastor must leave in order to avoid bringing further persecu- lems-half the entire popula- tion. In northern Albania there tion upon those who have be- are 169,000 Greek Orthodox strengthened resistance to anti- Christians and in the south friended him. religio.us currents, of which 118,000 Roman Catholics, but there has been no. lack. Most they have no evangelizing initia- Evangelical Conference in Spain dangerous and comprehensive is tive. Friendly relations be- Convened by the Evangelical at present the mo.vement of the tween Turkey and Greece are Spanish Alliance, the Confer- Go.dless which hand in hand drawing together Serbs, Bul- ence of Evangelical Churches with socialistic communism is garians and Rumanians. being pro.mulgated by Russia in took place in Madrid from May every po.ssible way. In the face 3 to 4. This conference was of this, tbe Go.spel is making itself felt. Home Missions, with Church News from Russia composed of representatives of their hundreds of ho.spitals, the According to the Evangelical practically all the Protestant Pressedienst, the evangelical denominations in Spain. Matters under consideration tens of thousands of deacons churches are fighting for their referred to the project of the and deaco.nesses are carrying life in Russia. The Lutheran law governing confessions and on their services o.f mercy. Fo.r- Church has a seminary in Len- religious congregations that are eign Missio.ns have no.t o.nly re- ingrad from which twelve to to be presented to the Cortes sumed work since the War, they fifteen young men were to grad- Constituyentes. have continued without serio.us uate in June. This seems to Various propositions w ere curtailment. give promise for the future but, made to give unity to all the As to spiritual vitality, the under the pressure of the ter- forces of Evangelical Christiandisappearance o.f a number o.f rorism which has been going ity in Spain. There was manischo.ols of tho.ught, such as His- on for years, church life is fested a tendency to group not to.ricism, Biblicism, Psycho.log- threatened even more than merely under the name of a ism, has been fo.llo.wed by a under the violent measures in federation, but under that of a genuine Luther Renaissance. In force hereto.fore. church which shall be known as the front line, there stands the Death and banishment have "The Evangelical Church of Schoo.l o.f "Dialectic Theo.logy," reduced the number of Luthunder the leadership of Karl eran pastors to forty. These Spain." The Conference elected five Barth. Its aim is to. regain a are divided over the colonies persons to constitute a provicentral position for the great along the Volga, the Ukraine, sional executive committee of o.bjective facts o.f the salvation, Caucasia, and the congregations the above-named church. This the redemptio.n of the world in the cities-a terribly small committee has already begun wro.ught by the incarnation of number. Thirty pastors and the preliminary work on the the Godhead, as applied to theo- leaders of congregations are important task. logical and ecclesiastical work. pining away in prisons or are -Espana Evangelica.

JULIUS RICHTER, Berlin. worked to death in the lumber camps of Siberia – a living Strengthening Lines in Balkans death. AFRICA Anti-Missionary Agitation The strengthening of evan- It is very difficult to place gelical religion in the Balkans young graduates. Only two or _ A storm of fanatical opposi- at the present juncture of af- three of the congregations are tion to Christianity has swept fairs is extremely important as in a position to receive pasto.rs over E gyp t the past few a means of appro.ach to the because of poverty. Many vil- mo.nths. It centered abo.ut a numerous Moslem populations. lages are utterly unable to pro- young man who became inter- In Czechoslovakia there are 132 vide even a bit of bread for ested in Christianity while at

the American University, Cairo. Rebuilding An Important Post Men, women, and children shouting, scuffling, reeking with rancid palm oil Subsequently he attended a In Abyssinia, the present -this unsavory mass of misery kin g has returned to the thrusts knives, spe,ars, dead fish, an- Bible School, and being over Church Missions to the Jews cient meat, live chickens· or ducks as eighteen years of age, and le- the fine old mission station of presents to the medical boy assistants gally entitled to think for him- Kobela, which was devastated in the hope of immediate treatment. during the Abyssinian cam- After relative quiet and order was self, he became a convinced paign under King Theodore in attained by the huge, black engineer Christian. His father, a big- 1863. For many years it has Ekeba and his wood carriers, the served as a chief rallying post women were first examined, their oted Moslem sheikh, and, more- for brigands. Although the names and tribes being registered and over, a notable magician, whom walls of the huts have tumbled their fees taken. Then c.ame the men's down, and the place is over- turn. At one .0'c1ock the medical boys, even highly educated men fear, grown with shrubs and thorns, utterly weary, covered with dirt, palm immediately appealed to the po- the missionaries are planning to oil, and worse, returned to the Oregon lice, ·t,o arrested the boy. The rebuild slowly this important to snatch sleep until 5 a. m. when they case w< brought into court, center for work among the would go ashore to give the treatand the boy was eventually Falasha Jews. ments. The injections were made at handed back for "protection" to the rate of one every two minutes or, -Alliance Weekly. for both boys, sixty an hour. They his father. worked quietly, never slackening in This incident was immedi- spite of growing weariness.

ately taken up and enlarged This treatment is so effective upon by the Arabic press, and bitter attacks upon mission work in general ensued. Reso- New Openings in Nigeria that the infective stage has allutions were drawn requiring most entirely disappeared from active propaganda for the faith Nsukka in the Niger Diocese the radius of the Bolenge hos- (Islam), to launch a virulent was the last district of the Ibo pital. Cases which appear are Arabic press campaign, to stim- tribe to remain unevangelized. from a distance. It is interestulate the circulation of anti- Bishop Lasbrey, of the C. M. S., ing to learn that practically all missionary literature, and to went there for the first time in the work of this hospital, save stir the government against 1930 and found a large pagan where white people are under mission schools and missionary population and a sprinkling of treatment, is done by native as" activity in general. However, Moslems. Some of the older sistants, the doctor keeping in missionaries rep 0 r t a wide- Ibo congregations on hearing the background as instructor spread spirit of inquiry among of the need raised £150 for mis- and counselor. Some forty-four sionary effort, and teachers thousand treatments are given enlightened Moslems.

were sent to five or six towns. annually.

New Y. M. C. A. in Assiut In January, four new stations Dr. J. Quay, an American were opened in hitherto un- Forward in Central Africa Y. M. C. A. secretary in Egypt, touched villages. Some churches Vigorous for war d action writes of the new Assiut Y. M. have had to be enlarged and a marks the work of the Africa C. A. building and grounds: large number of inquirers have Inland Mission. New station sites now secured in the Bel- "Nine years ago thirteen been enrolled. Ibo Christians gian Congo permit an advance young Egyptians decided they have provided funds for two among 100,000 or even half a ought to found a modern Y. M. teachers in the Nsukka area, million Azande people and will C. A. Most of the thirteen are while the Awka church has pro-· facilitate the evangelization of still in Assiut and prominent in vided £20 for the present year 40,000 in the Ruwenzori area. business, official or professional and £20 for 1933, to support The Pygmies in the Belgian life. They form the backbone another teacher.

of the Committee of Manage- Medical Ministry on the Congo Equatorial forest are also being ment. There is an acre and a taught. Tanganyika Territory half of land in the very heart The Disciples Mission in the reports great encouragement of the growing residential sec- Congo has a steamer, the "Ore- from the stations at Mwanza tion of the city. The new build- gon," whose ministry is the in- and Buduke, which were opened ing has an auditorium, smaller jection of Neosalvarsan for last year. Tanganyika has prorooms for office, library, dis- yaws and syphilis at points all duced a gifted African transcussion rooms, billiards, ping along the river Ubangi, tribu~ lator who has already finished pong and cafe. It cost $22,500 tary of the Congo. The ap- Genesis and Exodus in the Kesiand every cent of it was raised pearance of the boat is the sig- kumu language which have in Assiut. Current operating nal for announcing by drum, to been printed at the mission expenses have come too from the people along the river and press. Tabora, largest town in Egyptian sources, and all in the in .the interior that an oppor- Tanganyika, is to have a Mo-: midst of terrible financial de- tunity is at hand for ridding ravian church, composed of conpression. The founders say they themselves of these terrible verted heathen. In Kenya, fol-: are now ready to do something scourges. The Congo Mission lowing a second survey of unconstructive. News pictures the scene: reached tribes, work is under

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

way, with native Nandi and ly to a positive Christian ap- Easter and Whitsunday and the Kamasia Christians assisting. A proach to Jews and Moham- days of St. Chrysostomus and bill to amend the native mar- medans. riage ordinance is before the Saint Barbara. Among their sacred books they enumerate Kenya Legislature. African United Jewish Missionary Con- the Torah, the Psalter, the Goswomen wedded according to na- pel of Christ and the Koran. tive custom may have Christian ference They have never been on good marriage, and thereby they ob- A United Jewish Missionary terms with the orthodox Mostain the status of legal majority Conference of Palestine, was lems and of late have shown' and cease to be chattels. A held on Mount Carmel, April much friendliness to the Chris- Christian widow, not her pagan 20-22, 1932, and the following tians living in their country.

relatives, will have custody of recommendations were made: Recently a deputation of Alaher children. The intention is Literature: That a Literature Com- uites appeared among the Cathto preserve the Christian moth- mittee be appointed to produce litera- olic Sisters of the Sacred Heart er's influence over her children. ture suitable for indifferent and The Depression in Africa agnostic Jews, and also for young peo- of Jesus and Mary at Safita and asked to join the Christian ple. The Chairman conveyed an of- faith. This visit resulted in a fer from the S. P. C. K. Council to The depression has reached consider any applications for help that movement toward the Catholic the heart of Africa. Unemploy- faith and a number of vilment is a great and bitter prob- might be submitted to them from the lages have already become Cathlem not only in this country, U.J. M. C. olic. but in the huts of Katanga -Die-Katholischen Missionen. Province, Belgian Congo. Dr. Methods of Approach: The question John M. Springer, writing un- as to whether evangelistic work is Missionary Cooperation more productive of spiritual results than institutional work was discussed and the Conference decided that each was obviously complementary to th~ der date of April 7, 1932, says other. American Board work in Turthat in that mining district The presentation of the simple Gos- key began in 1819, with the "the natives had become quite original purpose of helping all accustomed to the industrial pel message by lip and life was ad- races in that country. More and town life, to good wages, v,ocated as the most sure method of and more it has concentrated and, for them, high living, when approach to every class of Jew, al- upon the Armenians and Greeks, suddenly the tide turned and though it was pointed out that a resulting in a strong, evangeli:- the urban population of whites knowledge of Jewish literature, his- cal church. Oppressive politiand natives has been dimin- tory .and language was an invaluable cal conditions caused many of ished by more than half. Many equipment for the Jewish missionary. the leaders to migrate to Amerthousands of natives have been Tribute was paid to the work of J ew- ica, where they have formed sent back to their villages; the ish missionaries in the past and then, Armenian – speaking churches. wages for all remaining are as now, it was recognized that the Some twenty years ago the greatly reduced, and many only means of winning a Jew was Armenian Missionary Associaskilled and once highly-paid na- by the way of friendship and love, tion of America was formed, tives have no income what- and it w.as suggested that prayer, the its purpose being to further ever." Could anything show greatest of all methods, had not yet missionary activities among the more plainly that the world is been tried to the full. Armenians scattered in every one, and that we dwellers here, whatever our color, location, or Alauites Giving Up Islam land. job, live a common life? About six years ago leaders North of the Lebanon is the -Christian Advoc,ate. state of the Alauites, one of the in the Armenian Missionary four mandatory regions of Association of America sug- French sovereignty in Syria. In a r 0 ugh mountain district, reaching as far as the border of New Turkey, 200,000 people gested the p 0 s sib iIi t y of live under the rule of their strengthening the whole work WESTERN ASIA sheikhs and subsist by tending through closer cooperation with their flocks and farming their the American Board. This was Y. W. C. A. in Haifa A new branch of the Y. W. land. brought about by forming, in C. A. has just been opened in They are known as a Mo- 1927, the Executive Council of Haifa, Palestine. The branch hammedan sect, a branch of the Armenian Missions, made up of includes a hostel, club room fa- Shiites, the followers of Ali, the representatives of the Armecilities, offices and an employ- son-in-law of Mohammed. Their nian Missionary Association of ment bureau. This center in religion is a curious mixture of America and the American Haifa where there are so many pagan, Mohammedan and Chris- Board, thus creating a unique girls of Jewish, Mohammedan tian elements. They think they form of missionary cooperation. and Christian faiths can render are descendants of the Cru-' Armenian Protestant churches a unique service in revealing saders and celebrate mass at in America number only thirtythe true Christian spirit to all night, offering wine and incense five, of which only eight are girls served and, in so doing, and calling upon the name of self-supporting. will be able to contribute great- Jesus. They observe Christmas, -Congregationalist.

Youth Service in Isfahan ~ional ~sset of which they must take I went there twenty-five years ago. mcreasmg account in the building of A Youth Service was organ- the new India. Today there are over ten times that number, 83,000 Christians. When I ized last winter in Isfahan by young converts who invited Twenty-five years ago Dr. left the District thirteen years ago young people to come and hear Mott addressed the students at young speakers tell what Christ Allahabad for four days with- there was scarcely a caste Christian •had done for them. Persian out daring to mention the name in it. Now, the outstanding feature .. hymns were sung to Persian of Christ. On the last day at of our work there is this incoming of tunes and the four addresses the close of his address' he the caste people. were by Armenians and con- spoke of Christ; within five verts from Islam, all connected minutes the hall was empty. At I am fully persuaded, after seeing with Stuart Memorial College. Agra, Dr. Jones spoke in a The meeting was an effort to cro~de.d hal~, night after night, hundreds of these caste people and link the college more closely begmnmg WIth Christ and talk- baptizing many of them that two wit~ ~he church. A group of main m.otives explain the'movement. ChnstIan young women said ing of nothing else, yet the peo- The religion of their fathers no long- that they, too, would welcome ple crowded in, listened for er grips them; their gods are not an opportunity to witness for hours and seemed loathe to go. merely dead, they have become ri- Christ. Near the close of the meetings in every place it was asked diculous; no Indian can remain long Life Among the Loors that only those come who really without a God to worship. Here comes wanted to find God, and the in the second motive. As one man put it: "I have seen for years the children halls were filled, as before. of your outc.aste villages laughing and Dr. Jones· observes more happy. Because we have seen what skepticism than in all his pre- Christianity can do with the people vious 25 years in India-honest that Hinduism has no use for, we skepticism, which acts as a come to you. We want a religion purgative from superstition. In- that can make good people .out of bad dia is intent on the intense quest people." for some new power to remould -Dnyanodaya. Dr. Joseph W. Cook, Presby- character. Hindu Christians terian missionary at Htyapmhuasdain~ Persia, who died of An S. P. G. missionary writes of a sect called Hindu Chris- January, 1932, wrote for the tians, and a conversation he had held with one of their lead- Presbyterian Magazine an ac- ers. "I have never before had the opportunity for such a free count of a trip he made to Looristan, a place practically blank on even the best maps of Persia. Its people are earnest Mohammedans according to A Triumph of Christian Living discussion, and to know how their lights, living under most The 1931 census report of this sect has developed. They primitive conditions. Modern 12,000 new disciples of Christ accept the whole of our Bible every month for the past ten but keep their form of worship education and modern medicine years shows the triumph of to what it was in our Lord's Christ-like I i v i n g . In the time. Hence they keep the Passhave never touched them. One Andhra territory of the Telugu over, Feast of Tabernacles, the country there have been well Sabbath. They are building small grade school in a district over 22,000 caste people led to themselves a new place of wor- become disciples of Christ dur- ship, on the lines of the Temple of 75,000 people is the only ing the past five years, and an at Jerusalem. They have a very observer explains that the chief strict discipline among themeducational facility. TdhireecLtoodres~ factor in winning caste people selves, and open and individual like the Kurds, are is what Christianity has done confession is made in the pres- scendants of the ancient Medes.

Sheep, cattle and chickens share the tents with people. Women ma~ry at eight or ten, lose four babIes for everyone that lives.

INDIA AND BURMA for the outcasts. The Wesleyan ence of the congregation. They Mission in Hyderabad reports: tithe absolutely all their posses- "In spite of the bitterest per- sions and income, hence they India in Transition are very rich. Excommunica- secution there is no sign of the tion is practised, and it is a real After a series of evangelistic movement abating. . . We re- discipline. Baptism is adminis- joice to record 7,234 caste bap- tered after a person is eighteen meetings, Dr. E. Stanley Jones tisms since the first fourteen writes in The Indian Witness: This has been by far the best year were baptised. . . 1,400 in the years of age. They have twelve I have ever sp~nt in India, though past year… The bitter enmity elders, and by lot one is chosen by all outward SIgnS this should have to administer baptism, another been otherwise. F.or the first time I of many of the village headmen felt that I was dealing with real is- and wealthy landowners has the Last Supper, another to sues and that India was ready to face preach, and another to read the them with me. There has been that been a terrible test for many of Scripture. These hold the office sense of facing things together. The the new converts. . ." for lifetime, and are also excoming possibility of self-government The Rev. G. E. Hickman has sobered India. She is not now Johnson, after a few years' ab- pected to be teachers, for which merely taking the role of the critic they are paid. They do no she is beginning to take account of sence from Hyderabad, his for- evangelistic work. Their wom- mer field of labor, writes: en only marry one of themher resources with which she has to face the future. Men are now be- Eight thousand was the number of ginning to feel that Christ is a na- Christians in Hyderabad State when selves, but men marry outside,

and the woman is admitted to ment and exiled to Ratnagiri. for his circle of from fifteen to the community." Being a Chitpavan Brahman, twenty villages which he visits -The Mission Field. the highest of the high, he soon regularly from month to month. Hindu-Moslem Riots became the religious leader of The church membership list in Rioting between Hindus and Ratnagiri. About two years this field has now passed the Moslems is not an everyday oc- ago this man began a move- 5,000 mark with the addition of currence in India. In most places in India where the fol- ment to inaugurate intercaste the 422 reported this year. This lowers of the two religions live dining. He made a dinner and growth is gratifying to all. close together the happiest of invited members of the differ- friends of foreign missions in– relationships exist, and no riots are ever known to have oc- ent castes, outcastes, Moham- South India. curred. This fact is lost sight of by people in other lands medans and others to dine with – Watchman-Examiner. when the newspapers report on him. Many from the different the outbreak of a rioting in some one place, and they imag- castes accepted the invitation, Evangelism in South India ine that all over India there is some sort of civil war going on and Brahmans, outcastes and Evangelism has had a sucbetween the Hindus and Mos- others sat down and dined to- cessful year in South India lems. where with two exceptions the gether. It was decided to make largest ingathering in the his- Church Union Movement it a monthly affair, and for tory of the Baptist mission is some five months, the group recorded. Typical of many re- The Church Union Movement ports is that of the veteran has taken one step further by came together and dined, with- missionary, Rev. W. A. Stanton, the "general assent" given to of Kurnool, who writes: the South India Scheme of Un- out any caste restrictions. This ion, by the General Council of seemed to be a remarkable for- In November the people in one of the Church of India, Burma the largest Madira hamlets on this and Ceylon, formerly known as ward step. After five of these field with more than 100 houses sent the Church of England in In- dinners, a list giving the names word that they wanted to become dia. The scheme will now be of the Brahmans who had inforwarded to the Diocesan Councils (constituent bodies of terdined, was published in a lothe General Council) for dis- cal paper. Some months later cussion and report. If the scheme is not modified mate- we read in a local paper of the Christians. For more than thirty rially, this Church will be ready annual visit of the Chief Priest years we had preached the Gospel in to act in 1935, provided the of Hinduism for the territory, that village, but the hearts of the other two negotiating Churches who has to do especially with people were as hard as the stones of also make up their minds finally. The United Church will the purity of Hindui~m. He old Kurnool. We sent a preacher and accept the Episcopal form of called the interdining Brah- finally went and spent two days church government, without mans before him and notified among them, having the great joy of subscribing to any theory of them that they had been exepiscopacy. The conscience of baptizing thirty-two people. Further North India is also being report comes that the whole palem is stirred and conferences and now ready for baptism. There seems committees on church union are the order of the day, but the communicated and in order to to be a wide-spread awakening among movement there will mark time the outcastes on this field. In one viluntil the issue is settled in return to Hinduism they would lage twenty miles from Kurnool nine South India. be required to perform praya- converts had returned to their homes schit, atonement, or forever re- Intercaste Dining and had started a school, called a main outcastes. As no one was teacher from another village to show "About eight years ago," them what to do, and were rebuilding writes Rev. A. L. Wiley of the willing to remain outside of the ruined walls of an old house for Presbyterian Mission, "a man a church. When the missionaries arwho had been convicted of po- Hinduism, the s e Brahmans, rived they proudly showed what they litical murder and sentenced to among them lawyers, doctors, life imprisonment, was released after sixteen years imprison- business men, etc., came for- had done and reported thirteen of' ward and performed prayaschit, their neighbors ready for baptism.

which means that each, in turn, The Will to Do in Burma ate a mixture made up of the In spite of distressing eco- five products of the cow." nomic conditions the Karen peo- Preaching Band ple are supporting their work, though on a reduced scale, of Ninety-one villages were vis- course. We have fourteen acres ited by Dr. W. A. Stanton and of land for the school com- his band of faithful preachers pound, and we are getting it on tour early this year. The cleared of the jungle growth.

Kurnool field, South India, cov- The churches are apportioning ers a territory three times the the work bringing lime, sand, size of Rhode Island, and has pebbles for concrete, timber for a population of more than 400,- roofs, floors and interior walls.

000. The band traveled 500 These are all contributions miles and preached to thou- , from individuals and churches.

sands of Sudras, who gave Some will send men to give eager and attentive hearing. free labor. One or two men Every pastor in this area is an have promised to send ele- evangelist, and is responsible phants to help pull out the

stumps when they have been condemn the scourge of war but .ac- practice. In eight years not a undercut. How really happy the tively to support the movement for people are in this planning! the outlawry of war that the relations single doctor for the district of of men may be builded upon other and Shanghai. So much to do. So C. L. KLEIN, Schwegyin. more secure foundations. very few to do it. So very few – Watchman-Examiner. In the political world the founda- willing to make the venture for Baptist Assembly at Maymayo tions of security are the rule of law and the sanctity of covenants, of Christ's sake. Where is the an- The Burma Baptist Assem- which warlike acts are the negation. swer? (Rev.) HOLLIS S. SMITH, In the spiritual world the foundations Changshu, Kiangsu.

of peace are living stones, men of Many Opportunities bly at Maymayo this year was sincerity and good will who will make the machinery of law and treaties more completely in charge of work. We invite all who read these The suffering in China has Burman and Karen leaders than words to join us in turning to the influenced more people to atever before. One new feature cr,oss of Christ, that we may be for- given Jor all our pride and folly and tend Church and to turn to rewas the introduction of a course inspired to follow in His steps, and in ligion as a means of comdesigned to help teachers who llnceasing prayer and effort at what- fort. Though services are not are responsible for Bible teach- ever cost to maintain .and strengthen ing in the schools. About 60 the foundations of security and peace. crowded, there is a considerable received this special training. Other efforts are being made A Friendlier Spirit increase in attendance over last both at the college and at Ran- year. Anti-Christian feeling goon to raise the standard of "One of the most significant religious' education, to make the achievements of the past year does not seem to exist, or at experience of Christ by men of has been the bringing about of least it is entirely submerged twenty centuries real to the closer relationships and coop- for the present. younger Christians. About 200 eration between the Christian delegates were in attendance at Student Movement and our Truth Hall, a Presbyterian the Assembly. Church," writes Rev. A. R. Kep- ler, missionary at Shanghai, mission school which is regis- -Paul Braisted. China. Three years ago the tered with the Chinese govern- ment, has so many students that it is necessary to hold as- sembly out of doors. Large numbers of lay workers in the Siam Situation slogan of the Christian Student churches are spending a great Movement was "Exalt Christ! deal of time in voluntary evan- The Presbyterian Missiona- Down with the Church!" At a gelistic work. More than 5,000 ries have always enjoyed the recent national conference of people at a country fair, confriendly cooperation of the the Christian Student Move- ducted by Christian workers, royal house of Siam. The late ment at Peiping, the prevailing heard the Gospel message. king, in his earlier days, gave purpose was "Cooperation with his own title to the mission col- the Church!" An Active Christian Lawyer lege at Chiengmai, naming it Is the Church Short of Faith? ·Dr. Sherwood Eddy in em- ' the Prince Royal's College. The phasizing that Christianity is present king attended the exer- I am well aware that the China's only hope, tells in the cises celebrating the centennial Church is short of money. No Missionary Herald of a Chrisof Christian work in Siam in one knows that better than the tian lawyer, Mr. Gong, who 1928 and spoke appreciatively mISSIOnary. But is the Church has personally won forty-two and encouragingly of it. In ad- short of faith? In spite of our friends to accept Christ. Durdition, their majesties have troubles here in China, and ing a week of meetings in Foomade gifts of money to the they are many, there never was chow, attended by 4,000 stu- Presbyterian Mission in Siam, a greater opportunity to bring dents a day, Mr. Gong, with in recognition of what is being these people to Christ. Sick at the consent of judges and feldone for their subjects. he art, disillusioned, harried low lawyers, called off all his CHINA from pillar to post by famine, law cases for the week, giving floods, and war, with no hope or his entire time to the meetings. National Christian Council faith in anything, these peo- To one single meeting he ple are only waiting for the brought fifty lawyers. During Denounces War Great Deliverer. the week he brought three hun- Dr. C. Y. Cheng, General Our seminaries at home are dred different persons. He or- Secretary of the National Chris~ ganized a body of eight huntian Council of China has is- crowded with students for the sued a significant statement to ministry-yet no ministers for dred Christian personal workthe National Christian Councils the preaching of Christ's salva- ers to invite men to the meetin other lands concerning war. ings and to speak to them per- After describing the horrors of tion to the heathen. For ten sonally about Christianity. Of war, the statement concludes: years not a single minister for the 50 lawyers he brought to the meetings ten have made We, therefore, pledge ourselves the district of Shanghai. Our their decisions and are now anew, and urge all our fellow Chris- medical schools at home are preparing to enter the church. tions to do the same, not merely to turning out doctors faster than they can be absorbed in stable

Education in Japan – A New Life Through God. By Toyohik() ested in the true experiences

Study. 247 pp. International Mis- Kagawa. 210 pp. $1.50. Revell. these six school girls in China, sionary Council. New York. 1932. New York. 1932. as told by a missionary who loves the Chinese and under- This is a report of a Commis- There is something amazing stands them. We see here vivsion, and how many people read about the literary fecundity of idly their temptations and trials, reports? Few, it is to be feared. K a g a w a . A comparatively their failures and victories, their The very name "report" sug- young man, far from robust in need and response to the mesgests something dry and per- health, with impaired eyesight, sage of Christ. functory. But no student of preaching and lecturing every missions can afford to ignore day and often several times a Chefoo. By Stanley Houg-hton, Edith this report. It was prepared day, serving on many commit- Harman and Margaret Pyle. 12 mo. by a Commission on Christian tees, and the leader of various 82 pp. Paper. 28. China Inland Education in Japan, represent- religious and social organiza- Mission. London. 1931.

ing the National Christian tions, he yet finds time to write The educational center of Council of Japan, the National "books and articles. Dr. Ken- the China Inland Mission for neth Saunders, who writes an Christian Education Association Introduction, speaks of him as missionaries, children, a hospital of Japan, the Foreign Missions champion of the poor, expert and the health station for their adviser of government, mystic missionaries, is at Chefoo in Conference of North America North China. This pictorial and the International Mission- and social reformer, poet and story of the many-sided life at preacher, who is doing more Chefoo is another evidence of ary Council. It was headed by the Christian spirit and efficithat eminent Christian educa- than anyone else in Japan for ency of the Mission founded over sixty-five years ago by tor, Kajinosuke Ibuka, Presi- social reconstruction and who Hudson Taylor. dent Emeritus of the Meiji gathers great crowds whenever Gakuin of Tokyo, whose asso- Streams on the Desert. By Mrs. he speaks. This book is the Charles E. Cowman. 8 vo. 328 pp. ciates were eleven eminent Jap- $1.50. The author, 832 No. Hobart anese and missionary educators. substance of addresses that Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif. It is the most thorough .and were delivered.at mass meetings comprehensive study of Chris- attended by thousands of J ap- anese. Its theme is "new life, tion education in Japan that has ever been made, and it presents new morale, a new society- The present hunger of people a literally immense amount of through God." It discusses God for spiritual help is shown by reliable information. Its pri- and the World of Suffering, the large number of daily BIble mary purpose is to bring to God and Christ, God and the readings published. Here is one light the present situation and Soul, God and Prayer, God and of the best-the fruit of study the future needs of Christian the Bible, God and the Con- and experience. Many of the education in Japan in the light science, God and Daily Living, greatest spiritual leaders are of the rapidly changing situa- and God and the New Social quoted in prose and verses, with tion in that country and to de- Order. It is pervaded through- Scriptural selections for every termine what changes should be out by a warmth of evangelical day in the year. To read it made in the policy and program feeling that deeply moves the prayerfully promotes spiritual reader. It is a spiritual tonic, of the schools in order that they a real contribution to devotional growth. may more actively serve the Christian literature. Written in The Interwoven Testaments. By H. Christian movement. Several Japanese, it has been translated C. Moore. Pocket volume. 50 cents. maps and charts helpfully con- Sou the r n Baptist Convention. tribute to the reader's under- into excellent English by Eliza- Nashville. 1931. standing of the situation. This beth Kilburn of Sendai, Japan. In the form of daily Scripture B. readings, the main teachings of is a volume of notable value and the Old and New Testaments are it should be carefully studied, Schoo] Gids Together. By Mrs. E. combined in brief quotations, not only by officers and mem- Weller. Illus. 12 mo. 128 pp. bers of missionary boards work- Paper. . Is. China Inland Mission. without exposition but with ing in Japan, but by the stu- London. 1931. short explanations. They will dents of Christian education in School girls in America and prove interesting and suggest other lands. A. J. BROWN. England cannot fail to be inter- further study.

[511 ]

Bible Verses to Memorize. Selected chapters make an excellent sub- standing, of righteousness, of by Helen Miller Gould Shepard. 16 faith and of love. mo. 96 pp. 50 cents. American ject for women's missionary Tract Society. New York. 1931. meetings. A good, but very lim- New Books The good seed is the Word of ited bibliography of British The Prophetic Lamp. Ernest Baker. God. Sown on good soil it bears books, suggests opportunity for 79 pp. 1s. Pickering & Inglis. good fruit. The Bible verses, further study. London. 1932.

carefully and prayerfully select- The Conquest of Gloom. By James Present-Day Problems. J. C. M. Daw- L. Gray. Introduction by E. son. 115 pp. 1s., 6d. Pickering & ed by Mrs. Shepard, have al- Stanley Jones. 12 mo. 158 pp. Inglis. London. 1932. ready been translated into over thirty languages and have been 38 6d. Marshall Morgan and Scott. The New Man. Capt. Reginald Wallis. widely scattered by faithful sow- London. 1931. 95 pp. 18. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1932. ers in many lands. These selec- The author has been aNew tions, in two series and topically Zealand Presbyterian mission- Individual Work for Individuals. arranged, relate to Sin and Sal- Henry Clay Trumbull. 186 pp. $1. ary in J agadhri, India, for ten American Tract Society. New vation, Law and Grace, Sorrow years and most of these ad- York. 1932. and Comfort, Death and Immor- dresses were given to audiences That Strange Little Brown Man tality, Confession and Service, of Christian missionaries and, as Gandhi. Frederick B. Fisher. 239 Wisdom and Folly, Faith and pp. $2.50. Long & Sniith. New Unbelief, Promises and Prophe- Dr. Stanley Jones says, they York. 1932. cies. Those who memorize them "touch on problems that press in I. LiIIias Trotter. Bla"nche A. F. Pig- on this Indian atmosphere; ott. 245 pp. 68. Marshall, Morwill store away spiritual riches problems of an awakened na- gan & Scott. London. 1932. and those who scatter them will As It Looks to Young China. Edited plant living Seed. tionalism and the clash between by William Hung. 181 pp. $1. East and West." They are spir- Cloth; 60c paper. Friendship Press. The Lutherisches Missionsjahrbuch for 1932. 160 pp. This time it itual Bible studies that exalt New York. covers 150 pages and has a separate supplement of ten pages. Christ, encourage faith, promote~ Community Organization in Religious " Education. Hugh Hartshorne and J. obedience, stimulate to prayer and exhort to sacrificial service. Quinter Miller. 250 pp. $2. Yale University Press. New Haven.

This Yearbook con t a ins a Challenged. By Caroline Atwater The Causes of War. Sir Arthur Salnumber of important articles- Mason. 12 mo. 100 pp. $1.00. ter and Others. 235 pp. 7s. 6d. Revell. New York. 1932. Macmillan. New York and London. the History of the Evangelization of Iceland, Theological Miss Mason is well known as The Good Shepherd and His Lambs. the author of "A Lily of H. Forbes Witherby.. 185 pp. 1s. France," "The Little Greek Work in India, by Dr. Sande- God," "The Highway," and Pickering & Inglis. London. gren, Problems that grow out of the increasing Industrialization John Thomas Gulick – Evolutionist of the World, and the Nature of and Missionary. Addian Gulick. 556 pp. $4. University of Chicago Press. Chicago. the People and the Work of Mis- other spirited stories with a pur- The Heritage of Asia. Kenneth Saund- pose. In this short novel she ers. 224 pp. $1.75. Macmillan. sions in New Guinea. There is pictures life in an American city New York. the usual amount of most impor- and the efforts of a newspaper The Indigenous Church in Perno John tant statistical material cover- Ritchie. 39 pp. 6d. World Domining the missions of Germany, man to promote total abstinence ion Press. London. and prohibition. The facts pre- Indigenous Ideals in Practice. W. F. those of the Scandinavian coun- sented give convincing reasons Rowlands. 43 pp. 1s. World Dotries and the present status of for abstinence from intoxicants minion Press. London. missions to the Jews. Indian Americans. Winifred Hulbert. C. T. BENZE. and show the benefits of prohibi- 161 pp. $1 cloth; 60c paper. Friend- tion laws, even when not ade- ship Press. New York. The Dawn Wind. By Olive Wyon. Kagawa. William Axling. 202 pp. 12 mo. 155 pp. 28 6d. Student quately observed. $2. Harpers. New York. 1932.

Christian Movement Press. London. The Life of Chas. Albert Blanchard.

1931. Bread to the Full. By ~ohn McNeill. Frances Carpthers Blanchard. 220 12 mo. 208 pp. 28 6d. Pickering pp. $2. Revell. New York. The Gospel of Christ has in- and Inglis. Glasgow. 1931. Lim Yik Choy-The Story of a Chitroduced a revolutionary prin- nese Orphan. Chas. R. Shepherd. ciple into society, but many For over forty-five years this 252 pp. $1.50. Revell. New York.

Christians have failed to recog- famous Scotch preacher has The Republic of Brazil-A Survey of Religious Conditions. Erasmo Braga nize its transforming influence been widely known for the and Kenneth S. Grubb. 184 pp; 58. on the womanhood of non- graphic pictures, hum 0 r 0 u s World Dominion Press. London.

Christian lands. The awaken- touches, evangelistic passion and Rural Education for the Regeneration ing of womanhood to the oppor- spiritual insight in his sermons. of Korea. Helen K. Kim. Published by the Methodist Board of Foreign tunities and responsibUities of a These sermons were delivered in Missions. New York. new era is the subject of these Dr. McNeill's early prime- Totem Tales. Warren E. Crane. 95 brief studies in which the author forty years ago, in the Regent pp. $1. Revell. New York.

pictures the change wrought on Square Presbyterian Church of Yellow Rivers. Earl Herbert Cressy. 153 pp. $1.50. Harpers. New the women of Africa, of India London-:-they combine human York. and China, of Korea and Japan interest and divine unction, and Annual Report, Home Missions Coun- and of Mohammedan lands. The breathe out the spirit of under- cil~1932. 85 pp. New York.

Missions LOS PACIFIC j III

ANGELES Are presented in novel and very I had a usable form, for Missionary Meet- COLLEGEi ings, as illustrotions for s<':rrnons Prodigy and talks, or for personal inspir- ! "Character Firstation, in for a the College that Cares" The Presbyterian Chi Id" 12 Acres-3 Buildings-28 Years BANNER of Success-Also Accredited "I thought I h.d • prodigy for. child," • mother Prep School- Coeducdtion – A wrote us. "But when I found th.t other children A Church weekly modern in Homelike School. studying .t home .ccomplished the s.me results .nd appearance, evangelical in creed, wlth e6se, I knew it WtIIS your Ctilivert course and progressive in contents, practical THI N K! Board, Room, Tuition- methods." in help to ministers, ministers' $40 month or work on campus wives and other active Church and pay $25 month. C.lv«t School tr.vels to children .11 over the workers; and prepared with world to give them, wherever they may Jive, as thorough special regard for the layman and Send Application and References an elementdry educcdion I!IS children ~ttending the the laywoman. to Registrar … C.lvert O.y School in B.ltimore, M.ryl.nd. It comes to your home, bringing with it interesting books, A Christian Companion 5832 Ebey Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. pictures, new reading devices and up~to-dtllte equip~ ment-everything the child needs for .ny ye.'s work. For the home, the study, mission- Obituary Notes The lessons .re cle.rly outlined step by step, .nd ary meeting, young people's interesting to both p.rent .nd child. meeting, Sunday school, and hour Dr. J. Kelly Giffen, of the Sudan of family and personal devotion, Mission of the United Presbyterian The knowledge of C.lvert tr.ined boys .nd girls its many pages of "News of the Church, died in Khartum on April 6th. impresses people-and impresses their teachers later Churches Everywhere/' and its His widow, Grace H. Giffen, died on when they fin.lly t.ke their pl.co In high or prep.r.tory pages of vital editorials, are July 27th in Assiut. Dr. and Mrs. school. There is the usual elementary education} prepared by numerous selected Giffen went to Egypt in 1881, and also rich trtlining in cultural .sod scientiAc subjects. Correspondents and entered the Sudan as pioneer mis- Scores of missioncuies, exchange doctors, p~rents in sionaries in 1900. They were effective the diplom.tic service h.ve enrolled their children, Editorial Staff forces in building the Church of Christ in that difficult field. .nd found them wei r equipped to enter hi~h or Including William H. Boddy, William E. Brooks, Paul Patton *** erep~rdtory school on their return to the United !:>tates. Faris, Ralph Cooper Hutchison, Ihere have been so many of these enrolments that noW Hugh Thomson Kerr, John A. Mrs. George J. Geis, of Myitkyina, there .re C.lvert School centers in foreign fields. Mackay, Donald Mackenzie, Burma, died April 28. She had been a Baptist missionary for forty years. The full course begins with the first gr.de .nd Joseph R. Sizoo and James H. c.rries through six ye." till high school. It m.y be *** tdken 4S 4 whoJe or in Pdrt-dt d complete cost of $40 Snowden. d year, the school furnishing all lessons dnd mote rid Is. Miss L. Couch of the Ramabai Person~1 criticism of pupil's work by Calvert teachers SUBSCRIPTION RATES Mukti, Mission, Kedgaon India, died $20 .dditionol. Kinderg.rten courses ore .voil.ble $2.50 a year; to ministers, $2. In on April 1st at seventy-nine years of for use by individu.ls .t $10.50, or in groups .t combindtion with The Missionary Re- age. Miss Couch was born in Eng- reduced cost. view of the World ($2.50 alone), land and went to India forty years only $4 for both-d saving of one ago. After spending ten years in V. M. Hillyer, founder of C.lvert Home Instruction dolldr. Sample copy of THE BANNER Calcutta she went to Mukti where School, wrote "A Child', History", "A Child's free on request. Pamlita Ramabai gave her work in Geosr.phy………uccessful books imbued with the ch.rm the Boys' School where she acted as .nd .ppe.1 th.t enliven .11 Calvert home lessons. Send your order to a real mother and won many boys to Use the coupon for full inform.tion. Christ. The Presbyterian Banner CALVERT SCHOOL, In recent years she has not been 189 E. Tuscanv ROld, Baltimore, Md. 2007 Commonwealth Building able to do much active work on ac- Pittsburgh, Pa. count of an automobile accident but Ple.se send me full inform.tion, including. s.mple Or to The she has gone twice daily to the sta- lesson. tion to distribute the Gospel portions Missionary Review of the World and tracts. Guards of every train NAME ………………………………… . looked for this messenger of God and 156 Fifth Avenue for her bundles of biblical literature, ADDRESS ……………………………… · . New York, N. Y. papers and magazines. Mukti is situated on the regular Indian pilgrim can Board of Commissioners for For- route and every day more than fifty eign Missions, in Japan, died on July of these pilgrims and sadhus pass 31, in his eighty-second year at the through. Miss Couch was interested home of his son, Rev. George E. Cary, in these wanderers, and would show Bradford, Mtlssachusetts. Dr. Cary them the One who is "The Way, the was born in Foxboro, April 20, 1851, Truth and the Life," and give each was graduated from Amherst in 1872 a Gospel portion or tract in the lan- and Andover Theological Seminary in guage they understood. 1877. He went to Japan that same year. *** Dr. Cary was the author of a very The Rev. Otis Cary, D. D., forty- complete and valuable history of two years a missionary of the Ameri- Christian Missions in Japan.

Retiring from the field in 1918 he served Japanese churches in Utah and California under the auspices of the American Missionary Association. In 1923 he established residence at the Walker Missionary H.ome, Auburn- dale, and assisted with the editorial work of the Board.

His wife and four children, Rev. G. E. Cary, Dr. Walter Cary of Dubuque, Iowa, Rev. Frank Cary of Otaru, Ja- pan, and Miss Alice E. Cary of Osaka, Japan, survive him. Our Special China Number OCTOBER, 1932 Illustrated Up-to-date Factual Partial Table of Contents What the Chinese Have Accomplished … . Kenneth S. Latourette of Yale University Come With Me to China ……………………………….. . 0. E. Goddard Overcoming Difficulties ………………… "….. Wm. H. Gleysteen of Peiping The True Soul of China …………………… .Francis C. M. Wei of Wuchang How the Chinese Worship …………………… .James L. Stewart of Chengtu Why Send Missionaries to China … , ……………… .P. O. Hanson of Taianfu What Have We Learned About Mission Methods …. .Frank Rawlinson of Shanghai What Kind of Medical Missions Are Needed ……………. .Dr. Elliot I. Osgood A Sample Mission Station ……………………… Charles E. Scott of Tsinan What Christ Has Done for China ………………… Carleton Lacy of Shanghai The Church of Christ in China ………………… . A. R. Kepler of Hangchow Woman's Place in Changing China …………………….. Katherine R. Green Whither-and What Progress ………………. Charles L. Boynton of Shanghai The Christian Task in China ……………………….. .P. C. Hsu of Peiping Testimonies of Twice Born Chinese ……………….. , ……. Various Authors What the Chinese are Doing for China ………. .Mary F. Parmenter of Shanghai Best Books on China « SEND YOUR ORDER NOW » 25 Cents a Copy $20.00 per Hundred THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

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The Missionary Review of the World — July 1932

JULY·AUGUST

THE AMERICAN INDIAN NUMBER • Our Predecessor, The Indian Hugh L. Burleson Indian Problem Approaches Solution Ray Lyman Wilbur· .

Are Missions to Indians Effective?

Henry Roe Cloud Indian Romance and Reality Princess Ataloa Indian Views of Missions to Indians W. David Owl Twice Born Indians I Have Known Bruce Kinney.

Where Are the U nevangelized Indians?

G. E. E. Lindquist

• Dates to Remember to endeavor to promote

Quickest Time friendship between the people of the to … July 12-17-Northern Baptist Conven- two nations. They were everywhere tion, San Francisco, Calif. cordially received. JAPAN AND July 25-31-World's Sunday School *** Convention, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. CHINA Dr. and Mrs. Courtenay H. Fenn. August 13-20-Universal Christian Presbyterian missionaries to China, 10 DAYS TO JAPAN! That's the Council for Life and Work, Geneva, have been honorably retired. Dr. Fenn Switzerland. is retained in secretarial service at trip-after-trip record of Empress of the Board headquarters in New York. Russia and Empress of Asia on the August 24-31-Continuation Commit- Direct Express route! First Class at tee, World Conference on Faith and *** reduced fares. Order, Wiesbaden, Germany. Dr. Egbert W. Smith, Executive Quickest time via Honolulu is 13 August 23-28-General Conference of Secretary of Foreign Missions for the days, by Empress ofJapan, the larg- the Seventh Day Baptist Church, Presbyterian Church South, who has est, fastest liner on the Pacific, and Adams Center, N. Y. recently returned from a visit to the by her running mate, Empress of Congo missions, has asked to be re- Canada. Sailings from San Fran- September 13-16-Association of lieved from secretarial duties, having cisco and Los Angeles connect at Women Preachers, Chicago, Ill. reached the age of retirement. Honolulu. September 17-20–Bi-Annual Conven- *** REDUCED SUMMER ROUND TRIP tion, Evangelical B rot her h 0 0 d, FARES on all "Empresses." Evangelical Synod, St. Louis, Mo. Sir Wilfred Grenfell has recently returned on the mission schooner, For lower fares, go in Tourist September 28, 29-Connnittee of Ref- George B. Cluett, to his work for the Class, and still enjoy spaciousness, erence and Counsel, Foreign Mis- fishermen of the Labrador and Newcomfort. sions Conference, New York, N. Y. foundland. With him have gone seventy-five young college men and All "Empresses" sail from Van- October 11-l6-International Conven- women, bearing their own expenses couver (trains direct to ship-side) tion of the Disciples of Christ, In- and ready to work at all kinds of hard and Victoria: dianapolis, Ind. jobs and endure many hardships dur- Fastest by Direct Express ing their vacation. Some will serve October 12-United Lutheran Church as aids to doctors and nurses, while Empress of Russia •• July 16-Sept. 10 in America, Philadelphia, Pa. others work on one of the mission Empress of Asia ..••• Aug. 13-0ct. 8 ships. October 18-24-Five Years Meeting Fastest via Honolulu of the Society of Friends, Richmond, *** Indiana. Empress of Japan ••• July 30-Sept. 24 Dr. John Stuart Conning, for the Empress of Canada •• Aug. 27-0ct. 22 Personal Items past thirteen years superintendent of Jewish Evangelization of the Presby- Information, reservations, from Dr. E. Stanley Jones of India has terian Board of National Missions, your own agent, or Canadian Pacific accepted the invitation of the National has reached the retiring age in that offices in New York, Philadelphia, Christian Council of China to come Board but is still more vigorous than Chicago, Montreal and 31 other to China August 23 to December 15 many men at fOlty. He has been cities in United States and Canada. to hold a series of special conferences elected secretary and director of the and evangelistic meetings for Chinese. Joint Department on the Christian CANADIAN Five interdenominational and regional Approach to the Jews under the PACIFIC conferences are planned. Dr. H. H. auspices of the Home Missions Coun- Tsui of Shanghai is in charge of the cil. Dr. Wm. Chauncey Emhart, of arrangements. the Protestant Episcopal Church, is Chairman of the Executive Connnittee *** and Dr. Franklin F. Fry, of the United Lutheran Church, is vice- The Rev. Akira Ebisawa, general chairman. Half of the $8,000 will be secretary of the National Christian provided by the Presbyterian Board Council of Japan, and a number of of National Missions. The remainder· other Japanese Christian leaders and is expected from other boards and in- missionaries, went to China in March dividual contributors.

(Continued on 3d Cover) ~ THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS ~ ~————————————————-.

DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITIES YOUR GIFT NOW WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN INCOME FOR LIFE ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

Chat THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

This is .our special H.ome Mis- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor si.on study number. It has been prepared with the help .of the Vol. LV JULY-AUGUST, 1932 N.o. 7-8 H.ome Missi.ons C.ouncil C.ommittee .on the American Indian. Page We ackn.o*wle*dge* with grati- FRONTISPIECE-FORMER ENEMIES, NOW FRIENDS tude particularly the help, .of TOPICS OF THE TIMES ………………………………… 387 Bish.op Hugh L. Burles.on, Dr. A. J. M.ontg.omery, Mrs. F. W. Our Creditor. the Indian The Hudson Taylor Centenary Wilc.ox, Dr. F. F. Fry, Miss Harnessing Youthful Enthusiasm Anne Seesh.oltz and the writers .of the articles. OUR PREDECESSOR, THE INDIAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 391 Unf.ortuna*tely* a* few .of the By the Rt. Rev. Hugh L. Burleson. D.D.• recently a Missionary Bishop of the Pro- testant Episcopal Church articles prepared have been cr.owded .out .of this number- AMERICAN INDIANS-PAGAN AND CHRISTIAN ………….. 395 in spite .of its enlarged sizeand may be expected later. One By Richard H. Harper, Missionary of the Reformed Church in America by Dr. Th.omas C. M.offett, auth.or .of "On the New Indian THE INDIAN PROBLEM APPROACHES SOLUTION ………… 399 Trail," deals m.ost interestingly with "Indian Missi.ons at Their By Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur, Secretary of tl1e Interior, United States Government * Best." ARE MISSIONS TO INDIANS EFFECTIVE? …………..•… 401 The prospectu*s "*for this num- By the Rev. Henry Roe Cloud, Ph.D., a Yinnebago Indian; President of the American Indian Institute, Vichita. Kansas ber has been enthusiastically received. One s.ociety .of the A NEW DAY IN INDIAN EDUCATION ……………………. 405 Presbyterian Church (S.outh) has .ordered 250 c.opies in ad- By the Rev. Floyd O. Burnett, Sherman Institute, Riverside, California vance-to be used f.or mission study classes. INDIAN ROMANCE AND REALITY ….. ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 409 HOW MANY WILL YOU By Ataloa, a Chickasaw Indian Princess USE? INDIAN VIEWS OF MISSIONS TO INDIANS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 412 Our next *issu*e o*f THE RE- '''hy Give the Gospel to Indians, by W. DaYid Owl (Cherokee) VIEW will appear September Our Friends the Missionaries, by Simon J. Kirk (Sioux) 1st. Do not miss it. Among Another Indian's Viewpoint, by Horace 'Villiams (Pima) the articles you will wish to read are: A MISSIONARY VIEW OF THE PROBLEM ……………….. 415 NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN By the Rev. F. A. Johnson, Presbyterian Missionary to the Dakota (Sioux) Indians PERSIA TWICE BORN INDIANS I HAVE KNOWN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 By Dr. Rolla E. Hoffman By the Rev. Bruce Kinney, D.D., Director of Indian Missions, American Baptist Home RELIGION BY EVOLUTION Mission Society .

OR REVELATION INDIANS WHO HAVE MADE GOOD ……………………… 419 By Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer An Apache Brave, by Alf. M. 'Cp!egger A Little Indian Cripple, by G. F. 'Veinland A TRANSLATOR'S EXPERI- The Story of Yellow Bird, by ·William H. Gable The Romance of Sitting Crow, by C. L. Hall and Mrs. R. D. Hall ENCE IN AFRICA How an Indian Found God, by C. L. Hall By A. W. Banfield WHERE ARE THE UNEVANGELIZED INDIANS? ………… 427 WHAT SUCCESS IN By G. E. E. LindQuist, Author of "The Red Man in America"; Missionary-at-Large. MADAGASCAR? Society for Propagating the Gospel Among Indians and Others in North America By W. Kendall Gale INDIAN MISSIONARIES TO INDIANS ……………………. 430 By ~fary M.· Crawford, a Presbyterian Missionary to the Nez Perces Indians LOOK FO*R *OU*R CHINA THE NEED FOR CHRISTIAN COOPERATION ……………… 432 NUMBER! By the Rev. G. WatermuJder, Field Secretary for Indian Work. Reformed Church in The October issue will be de- America voted to the great land and people of China-with articles THE INDIAN SPEAKS FOR HIMSELF……………………. 434 by travelers, Chinese, missi.onaries and .others. At the Parting of the 'Vays, by Esau Joseph (Apache) Through the Eyes of a Young Indian, by Cyril Rouillard (Sioux) THE OCTOBER REVIEW The Future of the Indian, by Stewart Lewis (Pima) The Hope of the Indian, by Grace Eastman Moore WHAT R*EA*DE*RS SAY SOME INDIAN CHRISTIAN LEADERS………… . . . . . . . . . . . .. 436 "In my judgment The MIS- SIONARY REVIEW .of the Walker and Booth. by George Logie WORLD is the most remark- Morongo, by G. F. Weinland able, comprehensive and effec- Rogers, Hawk and Pierre, by Louise A. Johnson tive interdenominati.onal, missi.onary magazine in the world. EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING ……………………….. 439 I have taken it for years." Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison A. Z. CONRAD, Pastor .of the Park Street Church, Bost.on, BULLETIN OF COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS … 444 Mass. Edited by Miss Anne Seesholtz OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ………………………….. 448 WHAT TO READ ON THE AMERICAN INDIAN… . . . . . . . . . . . .. 461 By May Huston. Associate Secretary of the Board of Education, Northern Baptist Con. vention Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York ,City Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Indianapolis, Ind., under ,Act of March 3, 1879.

25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC.

BOARD OF. DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEEB, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MILTON J. STAUFFER WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD A. L. W ARNSHUlS WM. B. LIPPHARD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER WALTER McDoUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ERIC M. NORTH

Enemies Now

These scenes are from an educational film produced by the Beacon Films, Inc., New York. The picture tells the Story of the ,Red Man in North America. It was made by W. Douglas Burden and Wm. C. Chanler who reproduced Indian atmos- phere and scenes with a group of 200 Ojibway Indians to give an authentic and historic picture of Indian life. It is en- dorsed by educational and :religious work- ers for use in churches, schools and mis- sionary gatherings. Chief Chauncey Yel- low Robe is one of the principal characters.

LEFT-INDIAN SIGN LANGUAGE FOR "MANY TREES," BELOW-CHIEF YELLOW ROBE AT HOME RECOUNTING HIS AI)..

VENTURES. REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS VOLUME LV JULY-AUGUST, 1932 NUMBER SEVEN-EIGHT Topics of the Times OUR CREDITOR-THE INDIAN where Indians are congregated. Many Indian evangelists; pastors and teachers have been The first inhabitants of our American continent trained and are working among their own peoform the topic for Home Mission study during the ple. Unfortunately there are still many entirely coming year. While the North American Indi- unevangelized and some who are unreached by ans ,are not numerous-only about 350,000-they the Gospel. Dr. Lindquist and others in this ishave a remarkable history. When first discov- sue of the REVIEW tell of some results of the work ered by the explorers from Europe, the Indians and of the still unfinished task. gave evidence of higher ideas of God, a better moral code and were more advanced in arts and Paying Our Debt some sciences than any other aboriginal people. Compare them, for instance, with the aboriginals The following Home Mission Boards, respondof Africa, of the South Sea Islands, of Australia, ing to a questionnaire, give information about or even of northern Europe before the Christian their work for these American aborigines: era. The North American aborigines, and their kindred in Central and South America, showed Reformed Church in America-conducts five missions many evidences of noble character, intelligence for Indians-in Nebraska, New Mexico and Oklahoma. and civilized development. Their history, tradi- They cooperate with the government in caring for school tions, beliefs, characteristics and customs are pic- children, in community work,' clubs, clinics, dispensary, turesque and interesting. It is almost inexplica- and church and Sunday school work. At some stations ble that, with such a background and such possi- they have dormitories, educational classes, health probilities, they have not progressed more in the grams and encourage native industries. The principal four hundred years since the first European set- tribes reached are the Winnebago, the Apache, the tlers came into contact with them. Today every Arapaho and the Comanche. Some of the work is be- Indian in the United States should be a fully coming self-supporting and the Christians are working civilized Christian. That only one-third are now among the Indians of the neighborhood. Christians, over 50,000 are still unevangelized and many are ignorant pagans following their The Baptist Southern Convention has 21 workers among primitive customs and worship, is the fault of Indians at forty church or mission centers. They count the white settlers who, in many instances, failed 200,000 Indians as in Southern Baptist territory. Many to keep faith with them, drove them from their of the churches have become self-supporting. The misland, too often have shown them the vices rather sion fields are chiefly in Oklahoma among the Osage at than the virtues of civilization, have failed to Pawhuska, the Pawnee, Chiloccoes, the Ponca and Kaw, treat them as brothers, even as Christians have Kickapoo, Sac, Fox, Otoe and Iowa Indians. There is also bewildered them by the rivalries of a divided work among the Navajos in New Mexico, the Choctaws Church, and have not adequately shared with the in Mississippi and others in southern Alabama and North Red Men their knowledge of Christ and the Chris- Carolina. tian Way of Life. The Presbyterian Church in the U. S. ,is working Since the days of John Eliot in 1646 the Bible among the Chickasaws and Choctaws in Oklahoma, the has been partly translated into ten Indian tongues Alabamas in Texas, the Catawbas in South Carolina, the and systematic efforts have been made to win the Cherokees in North Carolina and the Seminoles in Florida. Red Men to Christ. Today some forty Protestant This work is evangelistic and educational. There are 18 societies are conducting schools and evangelistic organized Indian churches with 548 members. Six missions in various reservations and settlements churches have native pastors. Much attention is given to Sabbath school, young people's and women's work. The Oklahoma Presbyterian college at Durant has 165 stu- dents, half of whom are from five Indian tribes.

The Friends Mission, in Oklahoma, ministers to over 2,500 Indians by, visiting institutes, clubs, clinics, recrea- tion projects, libraries, Bible teaching, week-day religious education and other religious meetings. The Friends mission stations in Oklahoma are located among the Wy- andotte, Seneca, Cherokee, Modoc, Osage, Kickapoo and [387 ]

Shawnee Indians. The Philadelphia Friends also operate estant denominations .and societies are conducting the Tunesassa Indian School at Quaker Bridge, New York. Christian missions among some fifty tribes of North American Indians. About one-half of The Christian Reformed Church is doing effective work these missions-including the larger ones-ten for the Indians with a budget of $104,000. A boarding years ago reported 597 churches, with 160 white school for 120 Navajos is conducted at Rehoboth, New and 268 Indian ministers, 550 Indian helpers and Mexico, and a day school at Zuni, with 42 workers, of 32,164 communicant members. The mission whom nine are Indians. The work is educational, medical schools number 38 and 2,262 pupils, and the total and evangelistic. There are 10,000 Navajos in the west- annual appropriations to all the work amount to ern New Mexico territory allotted to this denomination. about $750,000. Protestant adherents are esti- Some 600 of these are enrolled in the church. mated to number 80,000 and Roman Catholics 60,000. This leaves 200,000 as non-Christians. The Methodist Episcopal Church is working among the Cherokees at Pembroke, North Carolina, on the Onondaga, How long will it take to evangelize the Ameri- Iroquois and St. Regis Reservations, New York; on eleven can Indians at the present rate of progress? The reservations in Michigan, two in Wisconsin, two in Min- Government by adopting the policy, not of segrenesota, one in Montana, three in Washington, three in Ore- gation and of political and economic dependence gon, two in California and one in Nevada. Their work is for the Indian, but by systematic education and educational, evangelistic and social. amalgamation with the white race is endeavoring to promote independence, brotherhood and citizen- The American Missionary Association (Congrega- ship. When will the Christian churches all unite tional) is working among the Sioux, Hidatsa, Mandan and (without overlapping or neglect) in a program to Ree Indians of North and South Dakota. There are give every American Indian an opportunity to twenty-two churches and seven other stations. The old- hear and understand the Gospel, and to take his est station and educational center is at Santee, Nebraska, rightful place in the Kingdom of God? with 85 boarding pupils and 29 day pupils. There is also a correspondence school for Bible training with 130 stu- HUDSON TAYLOR AND THE C. I. M. dents enrolled, a hospital and a press. There are 10 ordained Indian pastors. One hundred years ago (May 21, 1832) there was born in Yorkshire, England, .a boy who, by the Presbyterian Board of National Missions conducts grace of God, was destined to have a remarkable work for Indians in seventeen states and in five more influence on China and on the course of Christian states through Synods. They reach 27 tribal groups and missions. The anniversary of his birth was rehave 124 organized churches, with evangelistic and edu- cently celebrated in four continents. This young cational work; a hospital and school at Ganado, New man, James Hudson Taylor, was obliged to leave Mexico; a boarding school at Tucson, Arizona; and at school at thirteen, but heard the call of God to be Phoenix a church of 450 members, a tuberculosis sanita- a missionary to the unreached millions in the inrium, religious work among 600 pupils in the government terior of China and sailed for that distant land school, and a training school for Christian leaders. at the age of twenty-one under the China Evan- gelization Society. When he returned to Eng- The Northern Baptist Home Mission Society (with the land seven years later he had visited several inte- Women's Society) maintain 44 missionaries and churches rior provinces of the Celestial Empire. In 1866 for Indians of 15 tribes in Oklahoma, Arizona, Montana, he founded the China Inland Mission, on the basis Nevada, and California. Several of the churches are of evangelism, complete trust in God for sup- "moving toward self-support." Bacone College, Okla- port, keeping free from debt, and adherence to the homa, is a successful Baptist institution, with 316 pupils teachings of the Bible. As a result of sixty-five from 32 tribes enrolled in grades from the kindergarten years of faithful missionary testimony, this misthrough Junior college. sion has now over twelve hundred missionaries on the field, over twice as many as any other soci- The Protestant Episcopal Church is working among ety. They are located in 297 inland centers and 75,000 Indians of 14 tribes in 15 states, from New York in nearly 2,000 out-stations in sixteen provinces to California, and in Alaska. They include preaching, or- of China. They have won more than 130,000 ganizing churches, religious training, education and medi- Chinese to Christ, of whom 75,000 are now living cal work. The outstanding mission in South Dakota was communicants. Today they have over 3,000 enbegun some 60 years ago by Bishop William Hobart Hare, listed as Chinese Christian workers; of these, and more than one-half of the 25,000 Indians have been 1,900 are volunteers and 57 are ordained pastors. baptized. Approximately 100 Episcopal congregations are In the last two years, while practically all misscattered over nine reservations, practically all in charge sionary and philanthropic societies have reported of Indian workers. large deficits and decreased budgets, the China Inland Mission, without making public appeals The Moravians began work among the Indians when they first landed in America in 1734. Since then they have continued to evangelize and to educate the Red Men. They have carried on no less than 32 industrial and farm enterprises, using all the net profits for mission work. The Moravians have built over 30 Indian mission towns, each with its church and school.

The United Christian Missionary Society (Disciples) is doing an excellent work with some 40 Yakima Indian boys and girls on an 80-acre farm at White Swan, Washington. The boys and girls live in a Christian home and attend the public school.

According to the "Mission Statistics," published in 1922 in "The Red Man in the United States" by G. E. E. Lindquist, twenty-eight Prot-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

for funds, and without incurring debt, has been Fifth: In acceptance of the Bible as divinely enabled to maintain its usual budget and has inspired and inerrant. This includes absolute equipped and sent out two hundred new mission- belief in all the teachings of the Bible as of final aries. authority. Diligent Bible study and obedience to The China Inland Mission leaders do not claim the Scriptures as God's revealed word are expect- greater faith than is shown by other followers of ed of every C. 1. M. missionary and Bible teaching Christ. They do not claim that their methods is a part of all their missionary work.

and principles are the only ones that conform to Sixth: In believing prayer as a method of New Testament standards. They do not set work. The place of prayer is emphasized as the themselves or their mission as a model for others, means of keeping vital contact with the Heavenly but they seek prayerfully, intelligently and con- Father. Effort without prayer is wasted-in the sistently to follow the example and teachings of home offices, in the selection of candidates, in the Christ and the apostolic missionary methods. supply of material needs and in all matters of per- Some Missionary Ideals sonal life and effective service. Seventh: In conscious cooperation with the The results of the China Inland Mission work Holy Spirit. He must be depended upon to bring testify to the fact that God has honored their conviction of sin, new spiritual life, understand- Founder's ideals and has shown His partnership ing of spiritual things, and power for a fruitful with them by signally blessing their efforts, by in- service. Without the Spirit of God working in creasingly providing support for the work, and by and through men and women obedient to Him no giving them rich spiritual harvests. The Mission abiding work can be accomplished.

has remained true to the ideals of Hudson Taylor, In many other respects Hudson Taylor set an as he followed his Master: example which all missionary workers and or- First: Independence on God as the direct ganizations may foHow, even as he followed Source for guidance, for the supply of workers Christ. He had his faults and failings, but his and funds, and for protection. With the C. 1. M. courage and zeal, his humility and sincerity, his these matters are all made subjects for continual devotion to Christ and his love for men, his spirit believing prayer, and without resource to direct of forgiveness and his patience, his practical appeals for help from human sources. sagacity and his holiness were marked by those who knew him best. Second: In the primary emphasis on evangelism. This is based on a belief in the vital need In the past sixty-five years many missions have of all men for salvation through Christ and on been patterned largely on the lines of the China the conviction that apart from Christ men are Inland Mission. They have enlisted and sent out eternally lost. Secular education, social service thousands of workers into the great unevangeland similar movements for temporal betterment ized fields. Great is our debt to Hudson Taylor are considered to be of secondary importance and for the way in which he saw and endeavored to not a vital part of evangelical missionary work. obey the will of God. It is a tribute to his lead- ership-or discipleship-that many of the larger Third: In giving a chief place to pioneer work denominational mission boards today increasingly in neglected and unevangelized fields. This is in acknowledge the importance of many principles contrast to-though not necessarily in conflict on which the China Inland Mission is founded.

with-extensive institutional enterprises. Edu- cation, medical and social work, when engaged in, HARNESSING YOUTHFUL ENT.HUSIASM are wholly for the purpose of winning men to youth is a period of energy. Young people Christ and to prepare Christians for lives of ef- naturally are eager to be doing something. They fective service. Hudson Taylor did not believe in are ready to follow a leader, if he leads to definite building up large, expensive and elaborate institu- action-in sports, in pleasure, in science, in adtions, and thought that this was usually done at venture, in the State, in society or in world afthe expense of simple evangelism. fairs. Jesus was the leader of young men in a Fourth: In emphasis on personal sacrifice. world crusade for righteousness and the Kingdom In many fields today missionaries live in compara- of God. Youth enlisted in the crusades in the tive ease and comfort-under physical conditions middle ages and fought to win the Holy City from similar to those in America. Hudson Taylor be- the "infidel." The Student Volunteer Movement lieved in a soldier or a pioneer life, without guar- for Foreign Missions, the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W.

anteed salary or dependence on government aid C. A. and Christian Endeavor were youth move- for the work or financial reserves for personal ments, inspired by religious idealism and they needs. harnessed enthusiasm for service. The World

War was fought by the youth of the world, who There are also other crusades in which the made inestimable sacrifices in the hope of bring- youth of the world can well enlist. These causes ing world-wide liberty and security. call for all their enthusiasm, courage, spirit of adventure, idealism and sacrifice. Such are the Today the youth are impatient at delays. They causes for sane law-making and loyallaw-observare dissatisfied with conditions and with progress ance; a crusade for temperance and self-control made in economic betterment, in social improve- in the best interest of personal and social welments and in national and international right- fare; a crusade for industrial and political honeousness and peace. But they are without ade- esty, justice and brotherhood; a crusade for matequate ideals, experience and leadership. There- rial self-improvement and equal opportunity for fore they are divided. Some have determined all races and ages and classes; a crusade for perthat money and pleasure are, after all, the great sonal and social purity of mind and action. These desideratum and they endeavor to obtain them by crusades will help to save the world from the fair means or foul. Others are still convinced chaos toward which we seem to be moving. that ideals are worth working for, through public agitation and personal sacrifice; some depend But the greatest and the basic crusade of all wholly on human instrumentality through politi- is one into which the youth of the world may cal activity or organized effort, others depend throw all their strength of body, mind and spirit more upon God and seek to cooperate with Him -it is the crusade to enlist men and women in through prayer and Christian activities. full surrender to God as He has made Himself and His Way of Life known through Jesus Christ. There is great need today for youth crusades- The failure of most crusades is that they leave crusades for temperance, honesty, personal puri- God and His laws out of account. They depend ty, social and economic betterment and Christian on human organization, resources and leadership, discipleship. We need the enthusiasm of youth, rather than on God's power and direction. The the spirit of daring and adventure, the readiness Christian missionary crusade is one that is to attempt seemingly impossible tasks and to suf- worthy of all the devotion, the zeal, the sacrifice fer for a worthy cause. that men and women can give to the cause. It is nothing less than full partnership with God in There are many of these youth crusades in making men God-like in character and in bringprogress today–one is that for world peace and ing the whole world into harmony with His proworld friendship. Students generally are in fa- gram of life and love. It is a crusade that invor of a strict limitation of armaments and the cludes every other high ideal and worthy causeelimination of compulsory military training. It temperance, moral purity, economic justice, law is reported that fifty thousand people took part observance, better race relations, international recently in the European Youth Crusade for Dis- peace and world friendship. The only true and armament; six hundred addresses were given on lasting foundation for a better personal life and the subject in one hundred and fifty meetings, for better human relationships is right relations which brought together audiences of from 260 to with God, the Creator and Ruler of the universe. 1,600 people. The crusade was launched by the He has. revealed Himself and His Way of Life International Fellowship of Reconciliation. The through Jesus Christ and the New Testament. meeting held in Geneva on April 3rd passed reso- Here is a Leader worthy of all honor and unlutions calling for total disarmament, following a swerving loyalty. Here is a cause·worthy of our fifty per cent reduction, in five years. The cru- fullest devotion–of energy of mind and body, of saders also called for the prohibition of weapons all our possessions and of life itself. The most of aggression and for abolition of compulsory cheering fact is that if we enlist in this Cause we military service. The intelligent people of the are in partnership with God Himself; such enlistearth as a whole are opposed to war and to milita- ment brings new strength and joy and usefulness rism. Physical warfare breeds hatred, disease, to many, and victory is assured. poverty, selfishness, irreligion and death. Civi- lized nations should find a sane and friendly way to settle disputes.

TEN MISSIONARY MOTIVES Northwestern University presents a study of motives which actuate student volunteers. The following ten motives received high- est rating: (1) "Because I desire to share. Christ as the solution of the world's needs." (2) "Because I feel it to be God's will for me." (3) "Because I desire to share with other people the advantages and privileges I enjoy as a Christian." (4) "Obedience to the command of Christ, 'Go ye therefore.''' (5) "Because of the need of non-Christian peoples for Christ." (6) "Foreign field offers the greatest opportunity for life investment." (7) "Love for foreign peoples." (8) "Relatively greater need in foreign fields." (9) "The belief that world peace and brotherhood are to be most effectively promoted through missions." (10) "Because I feel the foreign field offers a wider field of service." Apparently men are more objective in their motives than women, giving first place to the sharing impulse, while the women put first, "Because I feel it to be God's will for me." The women ranked "obedience to Christ's command" third, while tbe men put it eighth. Cungregationaiist.

Predecessor, the

By the RT. REV. HUGH L. BURLESON, D. D., New York Recently a Missionary Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church I T is never an easy task to portray another hu- to resort to the draft. He drew himself up with man being. Indeed, we find it difficult enough quiet dignity and said: "Why not? It was our to explain ourselves to ourselves. But when country before it was yours."

portrayal concerns one of totally different race, It is this man of the forests and prairies, whose culture, color and environment, the difficulty is ancestors peered from between the trees at the multiplied. great white sea-bird which landed the first Euro- It certainly is not easy to analyze the American pean settlers, who so uniformly met kindness with Indian. His feeling that he is an outsider in the kindness, inj ustice with dignified protest and white man's world-if not a cruelty with ruthless reprisal- nuisance to be gotten rid of- it is this man whom I would his high sense of personal dig- Bishop Burleson is counted as introduce to you. He is my nity and self-respect, combine a member of two Indian tribes, friend, and I trust him. He to isolate him, even where he the Oneidas and the Dakotas. has sometimes let me glimpse may have close contacts with When a boy his father was a the things that are within his what we call civilization. He missionary to the Oneidas soul. possesses his own soul rather and he himself was for fifteen closely and rather jealously in .years Missionary Bishop of First let me voice my belief the presence of the white man. that the Indian is more natu- rally religious than the white Also there are Indians and South Dakota. His contacts man. I mean fundamentally Indians. The nomad of the with Indians have been varied and seriously religious; count- northwestern prairies is as dif- and life-long, and his estimate ing himself as part of a uni- ferent from his brother in New of them is based upon an un- verse ruled by a Great Spirit Mexico and California as is the usual experience. to whom he is individually re- Scandinavian from the Italian. lated. Why this is true I do No man is equipped to speak not presume to say. Perhaps with authority concerning all Indians. What you because he is a man of the outdoors, living his see in the Indian will depend largely upon two life in an ordered world and with the sense of things: Your personal ability to discriminate, divine oversight. We who dwell in wildernesses and the intensity of your prejudice in favor of the of brick and mortar, setting up machinery to traditions and culture which are in the back- make life good, separated from the source of di- ground of our own race. Our unconscious as- vine power by innumerable secondary agencies, sumption, in the case of any race which differs are slower to apprehend this relationship. The from us in language, customs or color, is that they Indian was closer to the deep springs of life, in are thereby inferior. Perhaps we are by way of which he divined an eternal purpose. I have overcoming this; if not, may God help us, and pro- never known an Indian atheist-though we may tect the future of His world! perhaps develop them by our contacts.

Let us look at the man who was our predeces- The whole life of the Indian was influenced by sor in this land, and who still remembers that religion. When he went out of the door of his fact. I shall not soon forget the courteous retort tepee in the morning he said a prayer to the spirit made by a dignified Indian at the time of our who sent the day. When he smoked his pipe cere- entrance into the World War. I had commented monially he raised it to the four winds and mur- appreciatively upon the fact that the Indian young mured a thank;ggiving to him who sent the good men were volunteering with such promptness and things of life. Most of the Indian dances had loyalty that in no district of South Dakota which originally a religious significance. Religion, crude included an Indian reservation was it necessary though its expression might be, was a daily ex- [ 391]

perience in life. Therefore the first thing I see The next characteristic of the Indian which I in the soul of the Indian is this simple belief in mention may seem a little surprising. It is his God as an active and immediate presence; the keen sensibility-a quick perception of shadings, concept of the spiritual lying back of the mate- relations, and the significance of the things he rial. Because of this fact one may feel strong sees. We are apt to estimate the Indian as natuhope of success where the Gospel of Jesus Christ rally dull and stupid because of his marvelous is simply and sincerely presented. Our Master makes His appeal to the Red Man-perhaps even AN EPISCOPAL CONVOCATION FOR THE DAKOTA a stronger one than to us. INDIANS The Indian Character self-control. If we have outgrown the childhood The second characteristic which I would men- idea-implanted by American histories and nourtion is the fundamental integrity of the Indian ished by our forefathers-that he is a human character-that something which, lying at the tiger, ruthless, blood-thirsty, incapable of kindroots of racial life, distinguishes a people as in- ness or pity, let us learn to regard him as a human herently trustworthy. This may seem a strange being like ourselves, capable of being generous, assertion when one recalls the popular picture of kindly, affectionate, and quickly responsive to the the Indian as naturally a liar and full of deceit deep realities of life. Perhaps here again the Inand treachery. But remember, we white men dian has the advantage over us in having been have written all the histories, and so had the ad- compelled to train this sensibility in a life lived close to nature. Upon his ability to see clearly, A LITTLE INDIAN AT HOME to judge unerringly and to act promptly, his own safety and that of those dear to him constantly vantage of depicting the Indian in any guise depended. In nature and in men, on the face of suited to our purpose. In the process we have the sky and amid trees of the forest, he found created a caricature which often amounted to a and interpreted the facts which governed his life. slander. When and if the story of our own dealings with Indians is honestly told, with a just es- Out of this keen sensibility to relations and protimate of backgrounds and conditions, we shall prieties grows the natural dignity and self-respect take shame to ourselves that such a record of of the Indian. Normally he conducts himself with spoliation, deceit and callous cruelty could have more native propriety and courtesy than do those been written. OUTSIDE THE CONVOCATION TENT I gladly testify that there is no more steadfast friend than the Indian, when he encounters real who feel themselves his superiors. I have often friendship. Those who have lived in close and been mortified by the contrast presented when kindly relations with these primitive people have white visitors have attended our large Indian found in them a stability and strength of char- gatherings. Gentlefolk though these visitors acter which could be counted upon with confi- counted themselves, they were not always considdence. erate. To them it was a show, and they poked about among the tents and thoughtlessly intruded They are not always good, nor always wise, but upon the privacy of groups and individuals. But they are fundamentally trustworthy to those who not even such bad manners clouded the courtesy deserve their trust. Not even their bitter expe- and hospitality of the Indian. rience at the hands of the white man has been able to twist and distort them into a semblance of those creatures which one finds described on the pages of some of our histories.

OUR PREDECESSOR, THE INDIAN

Another characteristic which must have im- grave bears the name "Hole-in-the-Day." What pressed even the casual reader or observer is the a stupid distortion! "Hole-in-the-Day" was the Indian's poetic temperament. He thinks and son of a young Chippewa chief who went on the speaks in pictures. His names are descriptions war-path against my people, the Dakotas. He had rather than convenient labels like our own. His been married only a -few months and he wished thoughts move in harmony with the manifesta- to make a record as a leader. For the first time tions of nature. He is conscious of being vitally he led a war-party, with strategy and courage; connected with a vital world. He sees its beauty, but he adventured himself so bravely that though . its complexity, its peril, and voices these in his the party came back victorious they brought their speech. This makes him a natural orator, in the dead chief with them. Shortly afterward a son true sense of that word. Figures and symbols are was born, and his mourning mother called him his medium of expression. Philip Deloria, one of our most eloquent and effective Dakota ministers, addressing the white clergy, whose average stay in the mission field was rather brief, said: "My brothers, will you not stay long enough among us to leave the print of your heels-many of you go through on your toes."

I have heard descriptions from what we would consider uncouth and ignorant Indians, which, though unique in their English, were striking in their literary content. Frequently they speak in parables which are admirable, and use illustrative anecdotes after the manner of Lincoln.

Seated at a campfire I once heard an Indian telling, to the keen satisfaction of his listeners, a story of their first experience with milch cattle, whom they called "tame buffalo/' Two Indiansone a simple-minded person, and the other rather a clever rascal-had purchased a cow, making equal payments. The simple-minded Indian who had made the first payment had taken for granted that one of them would have the morning milk and the other the evening, but he soon discovered that no matter when he arrived the cow had already been milked. Naturally he made an earnest protest, whereupon his partner explained: "You do not understand. You paid for first half of CHIEF OLD CROW AND HIS WIFE tame buffalo, I paid for last half. You feed your end; lmilk mine 1" The picturesque way in which the "Rift-in-the-Cloud." The name suggests a the incident was described cannot be reproduced, picture of a long dark day of cloud and rain, of but it is such a story as Lincoln would have liked shadow and sobbing trees; then, just as the sun -and would have used to good effect. It might sets, its rays break through a rift in the cloud not be inappropriate now, when some politicians and shine across the plain. Therefore the mother blandly expect us to feed the front half while looked upon this son of her dead husband as a rift they milk the rear. in the cloud of her sorrow. But the unpoetic white man called him "Hole-in-the-Day" and, even One of the greatest minor disservices which we have done to the Indian is in our crude transla- after he was dead, raised a monument on which tion of names. Many of them carry today absurd was inscribed that stupid name. cognomens, fastened upon them by some unlettered or unimaginative white man who years ago A fifth characteristic' of the Indian is his in- stinctive desire for leadership. Herein lies our translated these names into English. When chief encouragement to hope for his progress amazed or amused by some outlandish Indian toward the place that he should have in our naname we should do well to discover whether the tional life. This also is ingrained in the history white translator had not distorted and degraded of his ancestors. Notwithstanding the real dean idea which had real beauty and significance. mocracy existing in an Indian village or tribe, For example: A Chippewa chief lies buried on based upon their sense of responsibility each for a reservation in Minnesota, and the stone over his the other, there was aristocracy as well, but it

was not inherited unless a man proved himself from our own. Yet thus, and thus only, has the deserving. The son of a great chief was welcomed religion of Christ ever made permanent and satisto leadership, if he would prove himself a real factory progress. In developing such leadership leader. To attain such a distinction was the am- we have yet a long way to go. But those who bition which fired every Indian lad and strength- have lived intimately with the Indian know many ened him to endure hardship, suffering, danger, a fine spirit, sincerely devoted to our Lord and and even death, without a quiver. Master, which has shown the best fruits of Chris- tian discipleship and has become a light among The Indian was a traditional communist: .That people who sat in darkness. The capacity is is, he thought and acted in terms of his group; there; its awakening and developing should be his highest ambition was to serve his group. With our constant care, for no race has ever been or is the break-up of the old life, tribal and communal likely to be effectively evangelized except by the relations underwent an inevitable change. Scat- voice of its own. tered upon allotments and trying to learn the white man's way of life, the ties that bound them Imperfectly, and only partially, I have pictured have been greatly relaxed. But their desire for our predecessor, the Indian. He has qualities leadership still continues, and under the new con- worthy of esteem, and abilities that should conditions opportunities for it are emerging. tribute much to our American life. Not all of them are "noble red men." There are weaklings The future of any people is dependent upon the and rascals among them-as there are among ourdevelopment of leaders from among themselves. selves. Their customs differ from our own-some We have learned this lesson in our missionary are better, some worse; but at their best they are work-though sometimes too slowly. No amount real people, of sound character, mental and physiof effective and energetic leadership from outside cal capacity, potential loyalty and a simple mystican be an adequate substitute. It has been a com- cism which looks at life through understanding mon failure of Qur missionary policy that we hesi- eyes. tate to give responsibility and to expect results. We have thought it better for the white man to Surely as our Lord looks upon these children hold these things in his own hand. We thought of nature, in whose debt we stand for so many we were willing to trust God with the souls of of the things we value, He is repeating those other people, but wanted to keep a firm hold upon words that He spoke in Galilee: "Other sheep those souls ourselves. We were not quite confi- I have, which are not of this fold: them also I dent that the riches of the Gospel could be safely must bring, and they shall hear my voice; and entrusted to strange hands, whose color differed there shall be one flock, and one Shepherd."

The American Indians-Ancient and Modern There are two groups of people unusually concerned about the American Indian. One appears to be cold and utilitarian, the other appears to be idealistic and sympathetic with the cultural traditions of an ancient American civilization. The Secretary of the Depart- ment of the Interior is consistently urging the rapid assimilation of the Indian into Ameri- can life, so that within twenty-five years there may be no further need for separate care and special management of Indians as wards of the government. Most mission boards ac- cept this practical view; the Indian must be saved by a process of Christian assimilation to American life, not by a carefully guarded and subsidized segregation.

But there is a group who want to preserve the primitive culture and encourage the art and customs of the Indians, as a truer expression and realization of their normal life than the imitation of the white man's ways. They object to anything which forces the Indian to adapt himself to new conditions, and to the competition of ordinary relations with the white man. They pass for champions of the weak, when really they encourage backward groups through a false notion of the value of primitive culture. As a matter of fact, only now are we beginning to be free from the galling chains of tradition that bound primitive society. The savage was bound down by an infinity of tabus, which throttled his initiative and his crea- tive ability. Let us not be deceived by the specious arguments of those who oppose prac- tical education and training· of the Indian to face the conditions of modern Anglo-Saxon civilization-because they are hypnotized by the cult of the primitive.

THE CONGREGATIONALIST.

PERFORMING THE ANCIENT BEAR DANCE-SHALL THESE PAGAN CEREMONIES BE PRESERVED?

American Indians-Pagan and Christian .. "::!I By RICHARD H. HARPERt Dulcet New Mexico ): Missionary of the Reformed Church in America T HE American Indian is naturally, like the An Indian may also be a devotee of more than Athenians, "very religious." He lives in a one religion. A believer in spirit worship would world which he believes to be peopled with not, therefore, be excluded from other kinds of spirits, and worships many deities. Whether he religious ceremonies. Peyote followers often atbe a worshipper of the sun, the mountain, the idol, tempt to add to that the worship of Christ. the snake, peyote, or the Christ, the Indian is naturally religious. Before he has learned of the Sun worship is one of the oldest forms of pa- Father God from the missionary, he believes in ganism now practiced by American Indians. It the existence of some magic power or mystery, probably originated in an attempt to combat or which influences human beings and which may be to regulate some of the forces of nature, usually influenced by them. This Power he believes to the sun. If victory attend their efforts they exbe everywhere and in everything-in the moun- pect rain will fall. tains and the plains, in the sun and the stars, the fire and the lightning, the rain and the rivers, The sun worship ceremonies continue for sevthe trees and in certain birds and animals. The eral days, the number varying with the tribe varied forms of worship are but evidences of the which is worshipping. Seven or eight days comreaching out of the Indian heart after God, "if prise the usual period, secret rites filling the first haply they might feel after Him and find Him." three or four days, followed by the public ob- servance. Indian pagan worship is set in many moulds. A few are outstanding and these have many varia- The ancient religious sun dance is initiated tions. The ceremonies connected with peyote by some man who makes a vow and who hopes worship differ, and those followed in Oklahoma thereby to obtain health for his wife, child, or may be different from those used in Nebraska. himself. The "dancers voluntarily partake in the ceremony, though in some northern tribes the priests select the participants. The dance is at- [395 ]

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TIlE WORLD [July-August

tended with prayer, singing and fasting; and Indians assert that remarkable cures have resome tribes formerly included torture. Within sulted from its use. the missionary experience of the writer, torture was inflicted in a sun dance in Oklahoma, in a Possibly because of its pain-relieving property camp where two thousand Indians were present. Indians came to believe that there was super- natural power in peyote. They revered it and We well remember an Arapaho young man finally began to worship their desert-grown fruit. whom we had known when he was able to see but The Holy Spirit is thought, by peyote worshipwho now was totally blind. He' went through the pers, to reside in the "bean," to which they pray strenuous sun dance in an effort to regain his as the mediator between God and man. A former sight, only to be disappointed. From personal ob- peyote devotee told the writer that a prayer lik~ servation of several such ceremonies, I believe the following would be offered to their vegetable that no Indian woman takes part in the regular god: public parts of the sun dance, though this is not true of the secret rites. We do not understand the ways of God. But you under- stand His ways. So, we ask you to ask God for what The ghost dance is one of the modern forms of we want. paganism, having begun in Nevada about the year 1888. Tribes in other states, north and south, Thus the peyote has been made to take the place soon adopted ft. Its adherents, following their of Jesus Christ, the mediator between God and Paiute prophet, believed that a messiah was com- man. ing from the northwest; that the white people would be turned to buffalo; and the happy days Peyote worship is usually held at night, in a would be restored when game would again be specially prepared tepee or tent, or in a peyote abundant and the Indians would enjoy full pos- chapel. On a crescent-shaped mound of earth, session of the land. about four inches high, within the sacred tepee, a peyote "button" is placed. In the beginning of Men and women who participated in the ghost the ceremony every worshipper eats four of the dance formed a circle and held hands, facing the beans and then each one sings four peyote songs center of the circle. With a shuffling motion of to the accompaniment of the beating of a drum the feet, to the rhythm of singing, they moved and the shaking of a rattle. About midnight a slowly' sidewise. No musical instrument was baptismal ceremony. is performed. After the used. The writer witnessed a night ceremony of ceremony those present may eat as many beans this sort, with some ninety Indians in the circle. as they wish. One Comanche told the writer that The singing was attractive, the sexes singing in one night he ate one hundred and sixty-but separately and then the two uniting in song. this is doubtful.

After the dance, a woman stepped into the cir- A mental stimulation is produced by eating the cle and stood with hands upheld to the northwest. peyote and the eater experiences a temporary Fervently she prayed, accompanied by weeping, feeling of happiness and peace. Sometimes for the coming of the Indian messiah. There nausea and trembling follow and Indians tell of stood two missionaries of the Cross, who were liv- cases wherein a delirium of fear is produced when ing among these Indians to bring them the mes- the victim thinks that some great, vicious animal sage of the true Messiah, the Son of God, who is about to spring upon him. Wonderful color was waiting to bestow upon them greater gifts effects are also produced on the mind. The cerethan lands and buffalo. monies proceed until daylight, when a song is sung and food is taken. Sometime during the The ghost dance, as a religious ceremony, has night a sick person may be brought in to receive run its course, and is now seldom used. the healing benefit of the peyote ceremony. Later, a dinner is served to those present, including In- Peyote worship is a pagan religion which has dians who have come to visit for the day, but who spread to many tribes, from the southern to the have taken no part in the worship. northern border of the United States. Peyote was introduced to this country from Mexico, where it The continued use of peyote produces diseases has been used for centuries. Botanically, the of the heart, the throat, the stomach. Indians small cactus plant from which the sacred "bean" also allege that some of their number have become is obtained bears the name Lophophora Williamsii temporarily insane from the drug. One Indian or Lophophora Lewinii. In medical literature it declared that after using peyote he became so viois known by the name Anhalonium. The "button" lent that' it was necessary to bind him. The use used by peyote devotees is the fruit of the plant. of anhalonium is undoubtedly harmful, when the In this fruit are three or four poisonous alka- drug is taken in large doses. Peyote worship is a loids, the physical and mental effects of which false religion and the claim that its devotees wormake th.em desired by their habitues. Peyote is ship the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, is said to be an anodyne, a narcotic relieving pain.

AMERICAN INDIANS-PAGAN AND CHRISTIAN

sacrilegious. Therefore Christians must view it until they are advanced in years accept Christ for as evil. themselves. They say: "The white man's reli- gion is good for our children; but we want to Spirit worship, phallic worship, the bear dance, stay in the 'Indian Road.''' Many of the older and other pagan forms are also used by Indians Indians would accept Christianity if they could in their religious ceremonies. add it to their present religions.

When the missionary comes to a pagan Indian In most government and mission schools on and group with the message of the Gospel of the Son off reservations earnest and effective religious of God for the first time, some elements in their work is carried on. In a number of non-reservaown worship make them ready to listen. The belief in a supreme being; in propitiation for sin; A GOSPEL STREET MEETING FOR INDIANS IN OKLAHOMA in existence after death; their exercise of faith; their use of prayers, songs, meditation, vows, sac- tion government schools religious work directors rifices-all these have to some extent prepared the are employed by the Home Missions Council and Indian mind for the missionary's proclamation. the Council of Women for Home Missions. Good Our pagan friend is not thereby led to accept work is also being done by native Indian ministers Christ. On the contrary, after he finds that in in several tribes. There is need for many more receiving the Christian teaching, he would be com- such workers. pelled to surrender some of the practices which he loves there ensues a battle with himself which False forms of Christianity have also crept in often results in a refusal to enter the "Jesus and have led some astray. Road." Indian Camp Meetings Confession of sin is not prominent in pagan In- An outstanding method of religious work of dian worship, though this does enter into some the Reformed Church in America, in Oklahoma of its forms. Many an Indian says: "I have and Nebraska, has been the camp meeting, held never done anything wrong." Often they do not especially for evangelistic effort. A large meetacknowledge any connection between religion and ing tent is used with a seating capacity of hunconduct. An Indian may be an earnest devotee of dreds. Indians of various tribes pitch their small anyone of a number of pagan religions and yet tents and remain on the camp meeting grounds live an evil life. The predominating element in for several days. An interpreter is provided for pagan religions is not adoration of a deity, nor each tribal group, and at some meetings three or love for a god, but fear. four Indian languages must be used. The mis- sionary preaches in English a sentence or two at In many tribes it has been the custom to offer a time, and, simultaneously, the interpreters give sacrifices to the sun, moon, wind, trees and to the message in their native tongue to their own other deities, in some instances attended with groups. Such a service, with several interpreters, prayer. Human sacrifices were offered by the is carried on without difficulty. Pawnee and other tribes. Infants were some- The songs are in the Indian languages and in times put to death in sacrificial offering. Sun English. Such hymns as "When the Roll Is dance devotees allowed their bodies to be cut; took Called up Yonder" have been translated, and themselves pieces of their own flesh as an offer- while the Indians sing in their own tongue or ing to the sun. Blood was thought to be accept- tongues, the whites sing in English. The effect able to some deities. In our parish in Oklahoma is pleasing and inspiring. was an Arapaho whose arms had received short cuts, crosswise, at intervals of an inch or less, from wrists to shoulders. His body also bore scars from the cutting in the sun dance.

Many objects, not human-such as dogs, food, clothing, corn and tobacco-were offered in sacrifice. Propitiation for sins committed was thought to be obtained through the death or other lesser punishment of a person guilty of an offense against a deity. Human sacrifices were not general among the tribes in the United States.

Indians and Christianity Generally the religion of Christ makes greater headway with Indian youths than with adults. Most of the Christian adults of today, exclusive of the oldest,· heard the message when children. Few of those who do not hear of the Son of God

Camp meetings are strenuous. Each day be- vation, we buried an Apache young man, who had gins with an early morning prayer meeting. A been brought up in a pagan home. He had taken second service follows at ten and others are held his own life. The father had to be watched to preat three and eight o'clock. Children's meetings, vent him from committing suicide after the son's gatherings for youth, and workers' conferences death. The mother, a strong medicine woman, in are also a part of the program. Bible study, tes- an abandon of grief and an agony of despair, beat timony, preaching-these feature the meetings. her breast with her clenched hand. Her pagan be- Evangelism is prominent. liefs gave her no comfort as she looked into the face of her dead son. The belief that all Indians are stolid and unemotional is dispelled when the observer sees with For the Indians, as for those of other races, how much earnestness they take part in the camp the words of Peter are true: "There is none meetings. Many Indians have been brought to a other name under heaven given among men, decision for Christ in these annual gatherings and whereby we must be saved." The Gospel is "the much personal work has been done in prepara- power of God unto salvation to everyone that tion for them by Indian Christians. believeth," to the Indian as truly as to any other. The Christ of the Gospel displaces the worse, and Many Indians are heroic in their stand for brings the better to the Indian life. When they Christ, against the pressure brought to bear by become Christians improvement is seen in home pagan Indians, by the call of the old life, and by relations, in the treatment of women, in the betevil white people. The names of the Comanche ter care of children, in purity of living, and in Nahwats, the Apaches Naiche and Sanspuer, the service to God and to humanity. Indian drunk- Arapaho Washee, the Winnebago John Smith, the ards, gamblers, and libertines have been saved, Jicarilla Apache Cevero-all these tell the story and changed into sober, clean men and women. of Indian Christian heroism. Many an Indian today could sing, as thousands A religion proves its value or its worthlessness of them have heard from the silver-toned melody by what it does or fails to do for its worshippers. of Dr. Frank Hall Wright's consecrated voice: Indian religions do not save their followers. They are utterly and hopelessly inadequate. The best From sinking sand He lifted me, in all the pagan religions cannot save a soul, a With tender hand He lifted me, mind, or a body. Recently, on the Jicarilla reser- From shades of night to plains of light, Oh, praise His name, He lifted me!

An African's New Year Prayer Our Father, we kneel before Thee, Thou great Creator. Thy power is manifest in the making of all things. Thy voice is the thunder, and Thine eye like the lightning, but Thy character is merciful and Thy heart is kind.

As now we enter into this, the beginning of another year, hold Thou our hands, and walk with us along the way; that road is narrow, but takes us where we want to go-to'

the village of our Lord.

We thank Thee for our unknown friends who sent messengers of peace to us who were black in customs as in color, but who share with us the hope that is in Jesus our Saviour. Even now we know our weaknesses, weak as marrow and frail as eggs.

Increase our faith that we may stand firm as our mountains, and fight the good fight with the power of an earthquake.

Heal us from our diseases, the greatest of them is this leprosy of sin, eating away the heart ,and bringing blindness, not of the eyes, but of the soul. Thou above art our doctor and therefore inoculate us with Thy certain cure the Holy Spirit, that circulating in us kills sin. '

Wash us and place the soap at the door of the heart to cleanse everything before entering into it. Keep our minds pure like the drinking water of the Europeans which has been boiled and filtered.

How many wonders the white man has created and brought here, but they are all vain and nothing when we think of the miracle of redemption. 0 Lord, Thy love is higher than the sun, broader than the horizon and stronger than death.

Because of this love we crave Thy blessing on us, Thy children, and Thy great work in every land. We want to be found at last with our characters built up and complete.

When the register is marked in heaven we are anxious to be marked "present," at the coming of the Lord. Guide us therefore, we pray, in the days to come and gather uS with the Christians of every land, to live with Thee evermore. Amen.

Indian Problem Approaches

By DR. RAY LYMAN WILBUR, Washington, D. C. ):.. Secretary of the Interior, United States Government T HE Indian problem in the United States is ing pot, and become as are the rest of us. From one that has been constantly with us from a sentimental standpoint there may be much to our beginning as a nation but there is hope regret in this fact but it is none the less inevitable.

now that it can be brought to a reasonable solu- The chief compelling influence bringing this tion. We still have some 350,000 people of Indian about is that penchant for education which is one blood in the United States but of our national characteristics.

only about 200,000 of them re- Today we maintain on Indian main wards of the government. What" has the government reservations 126 day schools Many of those who are still done for the 350,000 Red Men and 53 boarding schools. There nominally wards of the govern- in the United States? Their are 19 boarding schools mainment are quite competent to fathers once freely roamed tained at points in the West take care of themselves as full- away from reservations. fledged citizens, and the pres- and hunted over the entire continent. Then they were These are large schools in conquered by the white men ent policy is to sever their ties from across the sea and were each of which from 500 to 1000 of wardship as rapidly as this shut up on "reservations." pupils may be maintained.

may be brought about without When oil was discovered on They are usually handsome ininjury to their property rights. their land or their reserva- stitutions, happily located, and tions were opened for white furnish educational opportuni- There are, however, 200 In- settlers, the Indians were ties that are equal to those dian reservations still in ex- moved elsewhere. Some were maintained anywhere for memistence in 26 states and among made wealthy by oil revenues. " bers of the white population. them there is the complicated Others were pauperized by ra- fact of 58 spoken languages. tions. In the past fifty years Incidentally these schools are Oklahoma, with 120,000, ranks the government has sought to without charge to the individ- first among the states in Indian wipe out the disgrace of "a uals who attend them. Not only population. Arizona follows century of dishonor" by pre- instruction, but food, lodging, with 49,000, South Dakota with paring the Indians for full cit- and clothing are furnished free 23,000, New Mexico with 22,- izenship and self-support. to the sons and daughters of 000, California with 19,000, Secretary Wilbur gives an en- our Indian wards. These are Minnesota with 15,000, Mon- privileges granted to no other tana with 13,000, Washington couraging account of how the element of the population. Indian problem is now being solved.

with 13,000, while Oregon One of the conclusions that trails along with 4,518. has taken very definite form in On many of the reservations on which these In- recent years is that it is better that these educated dians live there is a general admixture with the young Indians should take their places with the white population and the Indians are rapidly as- general population than that they should return suming the manner of living and the civilization to the reservation of their fathers. On these res- of the whites. There are certain notable excep- ervations the psychology is likely to be largely tions to this, the greatest of which is the Navajo that of an era that is gone when the Red Man Reservation in Arizona, as big as the State of New lived a life which is no longer possible to him.

Jersey. On the reservation the Indian is likely to be de- The disappearance of these reservations as rap- pendent and to lean upon the government super- idly as the Indians can be absorbed into the gen- intendent. Also th,ere is less opportunity for eral popUlation is the step that lies before us. It money earning" for a competent youngster than has become obvious that the Red Man eventually out in the world. A case in point observed last must lose his special status, pass through the melt- summer, when the able-bodied young men of the [399 ]

Pine Ridge reservation were idle and in want, was which, obviously, works against their development that of one youngster who had learned his trade in into normal citizenship. These fringes of the In- an Indian school and was working nearby and dian population are merging quietly into the gen- earning $25 a day as an electric welder on a gas eral population.

pipe line. There are certain areas in which the Indians We are trying to bring the Indian schools to as are isolated and in which there are few whites. high a degree of effectiveness as it is possible to The largest of these is the Navajo reservation in get through the aid of the best obtainable educa- Arizona. The Menominee Reservation, in Wiscontors of the nation. We have developed an ex- sin; the Red Lake, in Minnesota; the Sioux Restensive health service which is bringing medical ervations, in South Dakota; the Warm Springs, care and hospitalization to the government's In- in Oregon; the Fort Wingate Reservation, in dian wards. In this way we do as much as we Wyoming; the Papago and Apache Reservations, canto give the nation Indians with trained minds in Arizona, will remain as Indian clusters that and healthy bodies. But most important of all will dissolve slowly. They should be so adminisis the further vital purpose of making the Indian tered, however, that progress none the less will economically self-sustaining. This means that be made toward their eventual elimination. we must develop him into an individual who can earn sufficient money to maintain himself and his Admittedly there is uneconomical administrafamily in a creditable way. To accomplish this tion in the maintenance of separate health and end we must give continuing attention to the pro- school organizations for Indians and whites in vision of proper employment for all able-bodied states where the care of the former might be fitted Indians. This is not necessarily a difficult task into the state scheme. There are a number of because our experience has thoroughly dispraven states in which the situation today is such that that calumny of a race so often expressed in the responsibility for the Indians might be taken over West-the charge that the Indian is lazy and will immediately, the federal government bearing its not work. share of the expense. The consciousness is dawn- ing in many states, also, that it would be well We have demonstrated over and over again that if those communities should give thought to the the Indian, under similar influence, is as compe- problem of converting the Indian into an asset to tent a workman as a white man. There have,in the community instead of allowing him to remain fact, been many instances in which it has been a liability. The road to this end lies largely in shown that Indians are racially dextrous with getting him regularly to work at productive labor their hands and become outstandingly successful rather than allowing him to languish in idleness in the skilled trades. It is the policy of the In- on his reservations. dian Service to make the most of this demonstrated capacity for work that often lies dormant The Indian, in his aboriginal life, was unaccusin its wards. tomed to work as the white man knows it. Nat- urally he must be nursed into the labor idea. It has been shown in many instances that this is For two years now we have been making every quite among the possibilities; that, properly han- effort to get Indian children into public schools dled, he evolves into a good worker. It is quite where they will be dealt with exactly as are the worth the effort on the part of any community whites. This program has been carried to the having an Indian population to help these people point where two-thirds of all Indian children now into productivity. The local responsibility for the go to such schools. In Oklahoma, where the In- Indian and the local advisability of making a pro- dian population is largest, many of them are in ductive citizen of him cannot be over emphasized.

such schools and the time is rapidly approaching The future is bright for the American Indian when many of the Indian boarding schools may be if he can be brought to face reality as the rest of abandoned. As this situation comes about among us do. Those who try to abuse his economic im- Indian groups they are nearing the time when maturity or to hinder his unfolding by sentimental they may be released from government supervi- attitudes must step aside and let him take his sion and pass from their condition of wardship place in the sun.

Prayer The privilege of prayer is one of. my most cherished possessions, because faith .and experience alike. convince me that God hears and answers. I never venture to criticize; it is my part to ask; it is entirely His to give or withhold, as He knows is best. If it were otherwise, I would not dare to pray at all. In the quiet of home, in the heat of life and strife, in the face of death, the privilege of speech with God is inestimable. When I can neither see, nor hear, nor speak, still I can pray so that God can hear.

SIR WILFRED GRENFELL.

Missions to Indians Effective?

By the REV. HENRY ROE CLOUD, Ph. D., 1= .. Wichita, Kansas President of the American Indian Institute A SINGLE statement of ·the objective of American Indians, one need not hesitate to state Christian missions to Indians will not sat- the objectives concisely as follows: isfy for there are many denominations with varying creeds working among them. Creeds (1) To lead the Indians to the discovery of peculiar to a church will color the statement of its God, as the One Supreme Being; objectives. Such phrases as the Salvation of Souls, Christian Citizenship, Other Worldliness, (2) To bring the Indians into the Way of Life the Social Education, Gospel, or the Conversion through Jesus Christ; of the Heathen, might describe different forms of mission work and the various emphasis, methods, (3) To foster education among the Indians to and interpretations of the Christian Scriptures develop character and to prepare for service; make hazardous any generalization. (4) To promote health and healthful living; One must also remember that there are fifty (5) To train up a native Christian leadership; different and distinct tribes in the United States (6) To improve and stabilize the Indian home; alone, speaking over one hundred dialects. As (7) To discover and promote understanding the economic status of an individual largely af- and the means of cooperation between the Indians fects his attitude towards things spiritual so the and the white people. varying natural and economic conditions surrounding the Indians of the United States have r. To Lead the Indian to the Discovery of God helped to mould their varying religious conceptions. The fish-eating Indians of the Northwest as the One Supreme Being. There are those who Pacific coast, for example, where rainfall is twen- maintain that the Indians have always believed ty-three inches a month, never think of praying in the One Supreme Being. If the history of other to a rain god, but the Hopi Indians in the desert races has any bearing upon this then we find that wastes of Arizona spend days and weeks in cere- belief in monotheism is not universal among primmonial ritual praying and dancing to their gods itive peoples. They believe in "gods many." At for rain. the time of the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers the Indians of North America all believed in polythe- The religious systems of different tribes are not ism. Some forest and lake tribes had advanced to at all the same. The prairie Indians, such as the a belief in a gradation of spirits, with varying Sioux nation, have the most primitive religious powers and prerogatives, and with one supreme conceptions, while the Indians of the forest have spirit in command over all. Although many tribes the most complex social organization through the accorded to this one supreme spirit the attributes clan; theirs is a thought-compelling cosmogony. of creative power, they universally left him in ma- jestic isolation and with fear and trembling wor- If the churches doing mission work among the shipped the mystic gods that manifested their Indians adapt their policy and program to condi- existence by the awe-inspiring lightning and tions found among the Indians, their methods will mighty thunder, by the wind and storm, flood and suit these conditions and will change with prog- fire. Because the otter and the beaver could with ress. Diverse conditions such as deep forests, impunity deport themselves in waters too hazrivers, deserts, oceans and mountains affect the ardous for the Indian's frail canoes they too be- Indian's outlook on life and the result is a people came objects of worship. Their skins, so promiof many nations within the same domain. nently and cunningly displayed in sacred cere- monies even to this day, testify to the mighty With this view safe-guarded against hasty gen- influence they exercised on the minds of the Ineralizations concerning objectives in missions to dians. All the ariimal kingdom was supposed to share in the sacrifices and oblations of the Indian race. Every mysterious natural phenomena re- ceived worship. One generation after another [401 ]

was taught to perform the sacrifices to these in- to the gods of rain. In contrast to this, among numerable hosts of spirits to whom they believed the Dakota tribe at least two in every Sioux Inwas intrusted the power of curing sickness, giv- dian home claim allegiance to some Christian ing success in war and the chase, and ability to church. In one Protestant denomination alone thwart the baneful influences of witch doctors. there are thirty-two native Christian pastors working among their own people. To command the resources of these gods innumerable, Indian youths were required to fast II. To Bring to the Indian the "Way of Life" and in their dreams they believed that the spirits through Christ who said, "I am the way, the truth came to them claiming to be the moon, the sun, the and the life." Indian disciples have called Chrisbuffalo, or the thundering spirit of the sky. tianity the "Jesus Road" and His "Way of Life" has brought to them a new conception of the Su- Most extraordinary experiences have been met with by preme Being. It has also brought a new and boys from twelve to fourteen years of age, when they lofty relationship between man and man. It has have been alone in the forest in apprehension and in need. lifted life out of conflict into peace. In brief, this An old man in a gray beard may have appeared and "Way" has brought into Indian life new standsaid in soothing tone, "Do not fear, I am a rock and thou ards in morals and more elevated and purified shalt call me by this name. I am the Lord of the whole racial ethics; it has substituted peace for interearth and of every living creature therein, of the air and tribal warfare, and has brought a new spiritual of wind and weather. Noone dare oppose me and I will impact in terms of brotherhood and love. All that give thee the same power. No one shall do thee harm and the term "Salvation through Christ" implies is thou needest not fear any man." Such and similar proph- comprehended in "the Way." The Red Man of ecies he makes. Such a boy ruminates upon what lIe has America has been brought into fellowship with heard and is confirmed in the opinion as he grows up The Supreme Being. that a peculiar power has been imparted to him to perform extraordinary exploits, and he imagines that no one III. Education. Students of American history can do him injury.* know that the Christian Church has been the pio- neer in education. This applies as well to Indian It is of no small service if we can deliver them education. A citizenship in a new civilization refrom such superstitious dread of powers unseen. quires an education in the broadest and best sense The results of such beliefs are manifest in health, and missions to Indians have carried the church in social outlook, in community life, in anxiety on the one hand and the school on the other. Times over the safety of one's children from the powers are changing and it may now be sound policy to of witchcraft, in dread of disease, enemies, inter- turn over, to a large extent, the purely educational racial wars, and the ever present sinister influ- enterprise to the state and nation. Private funds ence of the medicine-man who must be continu- are not sufficient today to care adequately for the ally placated with sacrifices and gifts. education of the people. The church has admira- bly accomplished its pioneer task in education and The first great objective, therefore, of missions can now devote its energies to other objectives. to Indians is to declare unto these people not only Of the seventy thousand or more children of the fact of the existence of the One Supreme Being school age among the Indians, approximately but also the setting forth unmistakably of God's thirty-four thousand are now in the public schools. great attributes of love, benevolence, justice and The Church is relieved of this heavy responsimercy. The realization of a benevolent di:ty who bility and by virtue of it can the more effectively rules over all has always evoked love, faIth and do its work for the home, the community and voluntary worship from the peoples of the earth. inter-racial relationships of the Indian. Missions To lead any people to such a discovery is to re- to Indians have done their work in education effeclease them at once from influences that warp and tively. thwart, that limit or destroy growth and freedom in the realm of the human spirit. Without ques- IV. To Train Up Native Christian Leaders. tion the Christian missions have brought such Native leadership is essential to the success of great deliverance to the Indian race. In many every mission to Indians. There are but three tribes there are still pagan remnants, but they types of Christian leaders-the native helper, constitute no force in those areas where they once catechist or interpreter; the native preacher; and held complete sway. The only outstanding excep- the modern Indian minister equipped with college tion is the Southwest area inhabited by the Navajo and seminary training. The native helper or catetribe which numbers forty-five thousand souls. chist and native pastor have sufficed as leaders for Here the medicine man still has dominion over all the last fifty years, but their influence, once so but about three percent of the population. The essential, is now being lost in a swiftly changing Hopi may be included with the Navajo by reason of his spectacular heathen practices with respect *' David Zeisberger, UHistory of the Northern American Indians,"

page 127.

ARE MISSIONS TO INDIANS EFFECTIVE?

economic and social order. As in the case of the race is that, in the transition period from the buf- white preacher who now has to compete with falo days to this twentieth century, no adequate widespread college and technical education, easy new social order has taken the place of the one communication, transportation, daily papers, ra- destroyed. It is apparent that economic penetra- dio and every other counter attraction, so the old tion alone would have destroyed the social ground type of Indian pastor is fast losing his congrega- work of the Indian race.

tion. The second cause for the disorganization of .the The day of the fully educated Indian preacher Indian social order is purely legal for which the has arrived. In the period of transition he must Church is not even remotely responsible. The come upon the scene to re-interpret the "Way of legal status of the Indian has been and still is one Life" with more compelling force, to satisfy the of the most confusing and baffling to legal ex- new yearnings of his new generation, to combat perts. The allotment law of 1887 made all Indians the present day evils arising out of a new social citizens. The law of 1906 restricted citizenship.

order, and to place on firmer foundations the By the executive order of President Coolidge in house formerly too often built on shifting sands. 1924 all Indians became citizens of the United Missions to Indians can justly be proud of its States. But strictly speaking, and by pronounce- heroic and staunch native pastors-notably the ment of the Supreme Court of the United States, Nez Per<;e, Choctaw, Sioux and Pima Indi~ns. A citizenship is not incompatible with wardship. The small Indian lad who had been with Chief Joseph result is that the Indian is amenable to the white of the Nez Per<;e, when he made his masterful, man's law according as state or federal govern- strategical retreat with three hundred warriors ments have jurisdiction over him as to place and before Generals Miles, Gibbons and Howard pled as to person. What are the constituted authori- with the Great Spirit to come to his aid in a trial ties going to do with a so-called "fee patent," citi- in a white man's court. The voice of this Indian zen Indian committing a crime on restricted fed- revealed depths of human pathos and spiritual eralland? In such a case jurisdiction as to person power when he said: makes him amenable to state courts. Jurisdiction "Lord, you remember the battle at the Big Hole as to place makes him amenable to federal courts. and how fierce it was, and you know you kept me Where Indian reservations are checker-boarded by there. You remember the battle at Bear Paw federal and state supervision there is a dual gov- Mountain when my father was killed and my ernment in spots. With conflicts of jurisdiction mother taken captive. Lord, you know you kept in law plaguing county and district federal atme there. Then you remember when I was among torneys they have generally left the Indian se- Sitting Bull's people and was near to death of star- verely alone.

vation, and, Lord, you kept me there. You kept Add to this confusion the lack of funds in coun- me when I was a wild heathen boy in Montana and ty treasuries in the great areas of non-taxed In- knew nothing about you, and did not love you. I dian lands in many organized communities of the know you will keep me in this hour of great West, the difficulties of law enforcement become trial." * apparent. In domestic relations counties are slow, v. To Stabilize the Indian Home. Compari- flatly refuse or plead lack of jurisdiction. The federal government will do nothing to unravel the son of the character of Indian homes of a century tangle in marital affairs in case of all "fee patent" ago and today is beside the point for conditions citizen Indians. were vastly different. The forces making for the disintegration of the Indian home in each period As a consequence the Indian has for years been has had a different setting. There were easy thrown into a sort of no-man's-land in marriage separations, especially among the young, the relations where no government will enter and childless and among those of loose character. This where no social sanctions prevail. Feeble attempts is characteristic of all generations. In our mod- by the federal government have been made by the ern day two factors are principally responsible device of recognizing every sort of union as "Infor the break-up of the Indian home. The first dian custom" but it has only resulted in greater is the passing of the old social order with its confusion and has given license to those who wish sanctions and government. Regulation of the to dignify every sort of temporary union as "cusmarriage tie by the parents and the chiefs and a tom marriage." Every church organization carrycoherent tribal opinion is now a spent force with ing missions to Indians views this state of affairs the passing of the old social organization of the with keen apprehension and solicitude. It can clan. One of the tragic experiences of the Indian easily be seen what social menace is in store for a tribe where no less than one hundred couples * Crawford, Mary M.-HNative Missionary Leadership." W01nen are temporarily living together without sanction and Missi<m8, August, 1931. Page 183.

of ceremonial, civil or custom marriage. So long health. The community nurse must also be prepared to as this legal confusion as to jurisdiction and au- minister to the spiritual needs of her patients.* thority continues, just so long will the Church be A refreshing experience for any American, for hindered in its objective to stabilize the Indian patriotism and reaction to divine love which home. Christ preached on earth, is to go to the Navajo country in Fort Defiance, Arizona, and witness VI. To Promote Health and Healthful Living. our government utilizing there the world's fore- Within the last three years Indian health has been most Japanese experts to combat trachoma and the one great concern of the government and the then to go a few miles further into the desert to Church.* The Indian has been pushed into civili- Ganado and see a magnificent hospital under zation too fast. Culture is a matter of exceed- Church auspices relieving pain, suffering and dis- ingly slow growth. The rapid destruction of In- pelling the gloom of life. Both of these institu- dian culture, incident to dispossession of the In- tions have been established and maintained from dian's economic basis of self-support, has placed gratuitous appropriations.

undue strain upon the powers of a race to endure. VII. To Discover the Means of Promoting Un- Lack of sufficient food, proper- diet mid other derstanding and Cooperation Between the Indian healthful habits, along with poor housing, have and White People. By reason of the picturesque contributed to the heavy toll on Indian lives. The character and ethnic interest the Red Race holds country awoke suddenly to the grave seriousness for the Caucasian some seek to preserve the Inof Indian health only three years ago when, for dian as he is. No legislative fiat or hands-off the first time, a comprehensive and expert health policy can ever succeed in keeping Indians in status quo. One of the most relentless forces is survey was made for Congress and the President.* the changing economic order. With increase in population, even the semi-desert places now inhab- Since the publication of this report, both the gov- ited by Indians in America, will become objects of ernment and the Church have redoubled their efforts to bring health to the Indian population. great desire. With irrigation projects in gigantic Sufficient time must elapse before the nation and proportions now looming in the distance, this part of America may also have its congested popula- Church can feel satisfied with their health crusade tions. The cherished customs of today will befor the Red Man. "To heal the sick" was one of come the treasured memories of tomorrow. In the commands of the Saviour of the world. To discovering means for inter-racial cooperation, carry out this great objective the mission boards have set for themselves high standards.

In all the health centers under the Division of Schools missions to Indians will not foolishly condemn and Hospitals of the Board of National Missions, the every Indian practice and custom but rather will nurse must be able to adapt her program to a simple, seek diligently to foster and preserve those ele- almost primitive home life. She must also be versatile, ments of Indian culture which will enrich the comas she will have to teach hygiene and sanitation in the mon inheritance of American civilization. Paralocal school, examine the children's tonsils, look for symp- doxical as it may seem some missionaries have toms of tuberculosis and under-nourishment, and recognize been found fighting against their own God by their the various children's diseases. She must be prepared to wholesale denunciation of everything Indian. To assist the doctors and surgeons at the clinics, prepare the patients for operations, and care for them afterward. so fight is to proclaim to the world that God is in- Then, even after a strenuous day, she must be ready, if capable of revealing Himself to races other than called at night, to officiate at a birth or care for the the Hebrews and Caucasians. God as a God of dying. All these duties must be performed cheerfully, so that through her ministrations the missionary nurse love must seek means of approach to His children may interpret to the people the Great Physician. In by revealing Himself as they are able to underisolated communities where doctors are twenty-five and stand Him.

thirty miles away, the nurse has to meet many emer- Christian missions to Indians will aid the presgencies. Often there is not time to send for a physician, ent movement between state and national governand the patient would die if the nurse were not prepared ments for cooperation in Indian education and to act. It is because of such conditions that the mission health and in law and law enforcement. The boards feel that only the most thoroughly trained nurse Church, while not neglecting its program of can meet the demands placed upon her.' Young women who consider mission service through community nursing evangelism, will bring enrichment to all life and are required first to graduate from a standardized school service. Its ministry and program will lead the· of nursing, and are urged also to take a course in public two races to discover their common humanity through the common worship of the one Great • See Report of Meriam and Associates. Johns Hopkins Press. Eternal Spirit who was clearly revealed through • Scott. Anna M.–"For Their Sakes I Sanctify Myself." Wcme-n Jesus Christ His Son. and Missions. August, 1931. Page 166-7.

A New- Day In Indian

By the REV. FLOYD O. BURNETT, Riverside, California Director of Religious Education, Sherman Institute T HE dawn of a new day for the Indian will, leaders need no longer strive to create the desire we hope, result in bringing about better liv- for education but can devote their energies to ing conditions, higher social and moral guiding Indian youth in further progress. Reli- standards, and will preserve, not as a "ward of gious education has real value as one of the the state," but as a strong and sturdy race of citi- courses of study in this guiding process.

zens, the first American-the Indian. A Great Opportunity During the past few years good progress has been made in liberating the Indian from the bond- Scattered throughout.the United States are Inage of legislative and political machines. This dian schools: institutions financially supported by means that he is to be in a more liberal environ- the government through annual appropriations, ment, free to think and act for himself. On the and administered by the Commissioner of Indian individual is placed the responsibility for making Affairs under the direction of the Secretary of the his own choices. He is slowly coming to a place Interior. These institutions are of several types: where he experiences that "inner urge" to prog- (1) day schools, (2) boarding schools on the resress which is the root of all advancement. ervations, (3) non-reservation boarding schools.

This "urge," in the hands of the Master Builder The Commissioner of Indian Affairs in his June, and His agents, serves as a means of bringing 1929, report says: "Estimated number of Indian happiness and material success. It should enable children eligible for school attendance-6 to 18 Indian youth to assist themselves as never before. years of age-is 81,500; estimated number of The idea of doing things for the Indian rather children in reservation boarding schools 12,700; than encouraging and enabling him to do for him- estimated number of children in non-reservation self, has been over-emphasized in the past. He boarding schools 11,800; and children attending will still need guidance, but too often this has government day schools, 4,600."

been interpreted and applied in a way that has At present there are nineteen reservation left no outlet for self-expression. The Indians boarding schools; fifty-five reservation schools; have, at times, taken an attitude of "wait and that 131 government day schools and six non-reserva- will be done for us." Our enthusiastic desire to tion boarding schools which, at the present time, be of service to a people has too often led us to offer academic work through the twelfth grade.

hinder their progress by taking away their incen- Thousands of these bright-eyed, smiling (but tive to undertake for themselves. somewhat perplexed) dark-skinned children file True religious education should lead the individ- through the campus pathways seeking an educa- ual into a rich and complete Christian experience. tion or an understanding of this "heap big world"

It should provide for him the necessary equip- that the "pale face" has "brought along with him."

ment with which he can solve his simple everyday They offer splendid opportunities for a well de- life problems and be ready to render helpful serv- veloped religious educational program for Indian ice to others according to the spirit and teachings youth. Here is a challenge for service and an op- of Jesus Christ. portunity to give justice to a people of a deserving, Institutions for training Indian youth have but badly neglected, race. Indian youth, enthusi- grown in popularity until the time has come when astic and full of interest in life's problems, stands restrictions are being placed upon the number of on the highest mountain peak of the Red Man's students that can be enrolled in a school. Hun- development and views the wonders of a new civi- dreds must be turned away next autumn, unless lization difficult for them to understand. They are the Indian Bureau makes a change in its present bewildered at every turn and rely heavily on the policies of admission. This shows that at last advice and recommendations of those who they there has come an awakening. The urge for a bet- feel are their friends. From the free and easy ter life is beginning to manifest itself, so that life on the reservation, they enter our schools to [405 J

learn, if possible, the difficult process of how to The basis of misconduct on the part of many make life's adjustments. of our Indian youth is their desire to conform to a belief or a practice of another race entirely for- The Indian Child and His Adjustments to Life eign to his own beliefs and customs. In attempt- ing to bridge the gap serious mistakes are made Through the long centuries the Indians have because of the urgent desire to "be like their white been undergoing certain social, psychological, and brothers." When the bridge breaks, into the religious adjustments, and have developed habits chasm of despair falls the poor, helpless, strugand social customs peculiar to their own nature. gling soul. Christian instruction should have been They have gained their livelihood from the soil able to prevent the catastrophe. Many splendid and have accepted the fact that "the earth is the Indian young people have thrown to the four Lords' and the fullness thereof." The Indian's love winds their interest in life's problems and have for the wide open spaces, without fences or land- returned to the old ways because they were not marks, led him to feel that the land and all its able to make certain adjustments in life. The contents belonged to him. Fences, rules and reg- complete family and life history of a child should ulations were introduced by another and a be taken and careful records made of his developstronger race. Individual ownership had no place ment, with repeated character and mental tests to in the Indian's philosophy of life. Once a brave help us deal with the child. Religious workers are had succeeded in bringing down a deer, all mem- tempted to be influenced by the "annual report," bers of the tribe joined with the victor in rejoic- and to resort to high pressure salesman methods ing. All shared alike in the benefits of the hunt. of "making Christians."

In his religious thinking, the Indian youth of Racial characteristics are big factors that have today falls heir to the beliefs of a thousand years. a prominent bearing upon the problem of teach- To him the gifts of the Great Spirit are shared ing another group, with its thousands of years of by all regardless of personal conduct. Indian different backgrounds and influences. youth must "unlearn what he has learned" when he accepts the white man's civilization. Many Indian young people have not had the in- fluence of Christian teaching and know very little Religious educators, knowing these problems of the Bible. They therefore find it difficult to and recognizing the importance of religious train- appreciate the importance of Christian standards ing for the building of character, must thought- of living. Their religious experience is limited fully work out their programs for the benefit of and their knowledge meager, so that these must the child. The courses of instruction must center be developed. The teacher of religious subjects around the need and capacity of the child. Many must give his pupils informational Bible lessons. elements of the present day creeds and religious A beginner's course is often best adapted to young practices of the white man will be of little value people that have reached the eighth or even higher to present day Indian youth. grades. Better equipment and lesson materials are needed because in many instances there has In the process of making many changes in been no previous missionary instruction, or it has habits and thought there come serious and pain- been only in the form of sermons. Well directed ful questions which must be answered. It is diffi- Bible stories put into pageantry form are found to cult to adjust their native free out-of-door attitude serve a definite and constructive place in religious toward life to the white man's closely organized education for Indian youth. Well selected standmethod of living. This is the result of educa- ard Bible courses, properly presented, create a retional and social adjustments dating back thou- ligious warmth, receptiveness, interest, loyalty sands of years. Certain changes in living, in con- and enthusiasm that will serve as aids to bring duct, and in religious practices must, however, about a better social adjustment. be made if the Indian youth are to adjust themselves to modern life. Because of their desire to adjust themselves as quickly as possible, Indian youth are anxious to Such changes bring about certain character de- understand the Church and the relation of religion . velopments. Indian youth begins to seek the guid- to life. They want to know how Christian truths ance of friends. It is vitally important that re- can serve them in their daily problems. Courses ligious workers cooperate with other educational in religious education should provide this definite agencies in assisting the Indians to make right and practical information. choices that will lead them into a wholesome and serviceable life. The greatest of care must be taken that the re- ligious education courses are not beyond the think- Before we attempt to guide one in solving prob- ing capacity of the pupil. Too often religious lems of misbehavior, we must study the individual. workers take it for granted that the Indian child There is no good "hit or miss" method in deal- understands religious terms that are familiar to ing with such problems and in making adjustments.

A NEW DAY IN INDIAN EDUCATION

the white child but which are unknown to the In- cooperate with, other Christian leaders, and to dian, and are falsely interpreted in the light of his develop an appreciation for study and for good tribal background. books.

The idea of the "Great Spirit," about which we Everyone expecting to do religious work among have heard so much, is not in some tribes related the American Indians should study their cultural, to our idea of God. It is therefore important that religious, and economic background, as well as a religious educator, working among the Indian their present status and future possibilities. If people, should be familiar with the tribal beliefs missionary work is to be done among the older apd religious practices, and above all with Indian Indians on the reservation, a conversational religious terminology. For example, when mis- knowledge of the language of the tribe is imporsionaries and directors of religious education tant. Missionaries and directors of religious edu- cation should appreciate the Indian's problems an!i be able sympathetically to assist him to solve them. Special courses in Indian history, Indian psychology, and a study of racial characteristics and environments are of great value. These differ with each tribe.

Cooperation is needed if a program of religious education is to be successfully put into operation.

The missionary must cooperate with the em- ployees of the Indian Service as he would expect them to be sympathetic toward the religious work.

Conferences dealing with matters of moral and general welfare should be held frequently between THE CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION OFFICERS AT SHERMAN groups interested. This will help bring about a INSTITUTE better understanding between parents, employees, religious workers and students. Denominations speak of the "Holy Spirit" they often do not real- ize that many tribal home teachings cause chil- dren to be frightened because of their idea of a spirit as a red-eyed, malevolent being. Deep root- ed beliefs in ghosts, witches, sorcerers and. evil spirits may give a different connotation to our terms.

It is generally best to avoid the Indian termin- ology and to explain our Christian terms so that the child can fully understand. Materials used, methods followed and suggestions offered must fit the individual need rather than attempt to con- form the individual to the material or method.

A program of religious education for Indian youth should provide the following: (1) A knowl- OUT-DOOR BIBLE CLASS AT SHERMAN INSTITUTE edge of the Bible; (2) Experiences; (3) An appreciation of the life and teaching of Jesus which, cooperating through the joint committee on Inwhen rightly understood, will assist the individual dian work for the Home Missions Council and in accepting Christ as personal Saviour and the Council of Women for Ilome Missions car- Friend; (4) An enthusiastic and intelligent un- ried on religious educational programs in the nonderstanding in how each one can help build a reservation schools interdenominationally. Op- Christian community; (5) A sense of victory in portunity is also given each child to know the taking the stand for Christ and the Church, in work of his own denomination. Eight religious spite of tribal and clan opposition and resentment; work directors are giving part or full time to this (6) An opportunity to accept leadership in social type of interdenominational service.

and religious work; (7) Leadership training, not Due to the nature of the situation, interdenomi- only as church school teachers, but as leaders of national religious work should be a part of all the non-reservation boarding schools and in some of Boy and Girl Scout activities, Y. M. C. A. and the reservation boarding schools. Pastors and missionaries, representing the cooperating de- Y. w. C. A., organization work, Mother's club, and nominational groups, should be free to make con- health (elementary first aid) courses; (8) A knowledge of how to become acquainted with, and

tacts with students from their respective mission- through the eighth grade. These government ary fields of service. schools are generally located at centers where missionaries are already carrying on a religious At least one religious service each week should program. Much of the religious work can be satbe held for Indian students and they should be isfactorily kept a part of the local missionary free to attend the denominational services of their work and be far more effective than by trying to own choice. It is hoped that arrangements can be follow the plans suggested for institutions of made in the near future to place more religious higher learning. educational directors in non-reservation boarding schools. The non-reservation boarding schools have ap enrollment of 12,000 students. Courses in Reli- The religious program on the reservations gious Education in schools of this type should be should be so organized as to provide for all groups closely related to the educational scheme of the from the cradle-roll to adults. This can be done institution. At Sherman Institute, out of 1,250 through the cooperation of the denominations in students, 850 were listed as Protestants. This charge of the religious work and by placing mis- being a vocational school,. the courses in religious sionaries in charge of certain districts. A far education are related to the trades taught. more effective religious program could be conducted if we could avoid over-lapping and compet- In our study of religious training for the Ining work and an unprofitable use of missionary dian we have found: (1) That a new day has and social service funds. The Indian missionary come in Indian education. (2) The new emphasis work of California has been allotted to the de- is upon the phrase "Let the Indian learn to do for nominations interested in the Indian missionary himself, with helpful advice and encouragement." enterprise by the State Federation of Churches. (3) The Church, because of the recent changes, finds a great opportunity for missionary work on Religious educational work of a very high type the Indian reservations and in non-reservation has been conducted among the Nez Per~e for and reservation schools throughout the country. nearly a .hundred years. As a result, they now (4) Indian youth, on the whole, is ready to assume have their well organized churches, pastors, Sun- places of responsibility in leadership. (5) Everyday schools, and Young People's Societies func- where, they are rapidly making commendable adtioning almost as effectively as in the average justments in spite of old tribal religious beliefs white man's church. But with most of the Cali- and customs. (6) Religious education has values fornia and other Southeastern Indian tribes we that should be recognized and given place in the find the situation very much different. education of the individual. (7) Cooperation is called for between all forces at work in Indian Usuallywh.ere·the pupils attending reservation education. (8) Care must be exercised in choosboarding. schoQls are from nearby tribes,· the re- ing the right type of courses for week-day educaligious wo~k can be adjusted to care not only for tion in Indian schools. the youth but also for parents and other members of the family. Week-day courses of this kind in Whether these courses are offered in a Sunday religious education should exert an influence be- school class, or in a week-day course, or in a home yond the boundary of the campus into the hogan, study hour, the emphasis should be to prepare the the hut or the tepee. . individual for a rapidly adjusting social order. He must learn to think for himself, to meet new situ- In government day schools we have teachers in ations and to make decisions wisely. charge of some 4,600 pupils who live at home and attend school during the day. The grades range from the first through the fifth and occasionally AN INDIAN CHRISTIAN CONVENTION IN SOUTH DAKOTA

Romance and

"~I I By ATALOA of the Chickasaw Tribe ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I NDIANS are not all alike in spite of what most hand, and with your other take away our land?" people believe. Thinking he had discovered The Indian is not a "vanishing race." It is true India or the East Indies, Columbus called the that the picturesque and somewhat romantic char- natives of this western hemisphere "Indians." acter of tribal life is changing because the Indian Historians did not correct him, and so this name is no longer isolated. But the strength of his has become permanently attached to the natives character does not shift so easily as his environ- of America. There were more than three hun- ment. Because his life was simple and natural, dred nations or tribes when Columbus came, and he was not conquered, even though subdued, by today more than two hundred superior numbers and superior little nations and remnants of weapons of the white man. He, nations remain in America. Ataloa, a Chickasaw Indian, has now reached the stage, a These speak many languages is devoting her unusual tal- rather tragic one, where he is and hundreds of dialects. They ents to' work for her people. torn between the old and the do not look alike, nor dress Several years ago, while at- new. His trend will be deter- 'alike, nor do they live in the tending a one-room district mined by his training, and. by same kinds of "houses." There school of the Chickasaw na- his contact with the white is, of course, a strong kinship tion on the Oklahoma prairie, man's civilization. To the race in characteristics, customs and she declined a career on the that has taken the responsibil- traditions, but many stages of concert stage in order that she ity of changing his civilization, development are found when might serve the under privi- he must look for guidance and various tribes are studied. leged members of her race. A help, if the best of his culture rigid college course included a is to be saved for America's It is not my purpose to even degree froltl. the University of sake. suggest the long list of Indian "wrongs," nor to dwell on those Redlands and Columbia Uni- Is it possible for the white pages of history that all want versity. Feeling that Bacone man to conceive and build an to forget who think with a College approached her ideal educational program for the Christian conscience. But I of an institution suited to Indian that does not thrust the appeal to you to save the In- train Christian Indian leaders, white man's culture on him, AtalOa is working with that dian from further exploitation school that she may share and at the same time rob him of his land, money, and his per- with Indian youth the advan- of his own? This question is sonality. It will take just and tages that have come to her. too deep to discuss fully here.

wise deeds to blot out these But of this I feel sure-the only pages. Sentimentality cannot possible hope for the Indian of be substituted for international-mindedness, nor tomorrow is the right kind of education; an edu- can it be substituted for a constructive program cation "from the shoulders up," and not "from the dealing with the Indian. We must have honest shoulders down," as in the past. The reason he men in the Indian Bureau, honest, business-like has not changed the life of the reservations when agents and superintendents on the reservation. he returned from government schools (which We must have just laws and just lawyers to pro- until the last few years only covered the elemen- tect the Indian land titles; we need Christian tary grades), was because no radical difference teachers and neighbors who are willing to teach had been made in him by his contact. We have the Indian a new moral and social code. So not had leaders of men sent to us as teachers and long as the white man talked one way and agents, and leaders have not come back to us. Our lived another, the Indian asked, "Why bring sch'Ools should be a combination of the best that us your 'White Man's Book' (Bible) in one the white man's training can give, together with [409 ]

the best from the Indian's own culture. It is pos- has to lose, or to share in his contact with other sible to work out such a plan if enough interest, races. They are the heritage of all Americans thought, energy, and money are expended. tomorrow and must be kept sacred if they are to serve his ideals. If American boys and girls real- Supplying native leadership is the greatest con- ize that the hundreds of acres of lakes, mountains, tribution that any school can make to the Indian. and rivers have been shared with them by the In- Bacone College, in Muskogee, Oklahoma, the only dians who no longer have free hunting grounds, college for Indians in America, is answering this they may want to share in turn. If youth sees challenge by training for Christian character and leadership. Its curriculum embraces grades from AN INDIAN PRINCESS. ATALOA the kindergarten through junior college. It was founded as a mission school more than half a cen- this truth and assumes the responsibilities, a just tury ago, and is maintained through a small en- relationship with the Indians may follow. When dowment and by some tuition gifts from friends. I started training Indians to serve as counselors Bacone College has courses covering scientific in summer camps, it was only a small group, but farming, poultry raising, and domestic science; tribal arts, songs, and legends are also being pre- it has proven a very happy and successful plan. served. Students are fitted to go into government or other schools to teach. In its earlier years, Now I am placing large groups in summer camps. Bacone College was open to students other than This is a part of my art project at Bacone Home. Indians, and during this period the present Secretary of War, Colonel Hurley, was graduated. Suppose you knew· how to take blades of grass, While he is not an Indian, he has perhaps devel- strips of bark, crushed berry juice, and could put oped an Indian consciousness from his long years of association in Indian territory that will not be lost even in the whirl of national and diplomatic life. More than two hundred and fifty students were turned away last fall for lack of rooms and funds at Bacone. These are more than figures to me; they are hearts that I can see going back over long trails, discouraged, and not facing tomorrow with much hope.

I have wanted to have a workshop for native arts and crafts at Bacone. An Art Lodge is now being constructed on the campus, the gift of a woman who believed in my dream. For the fireplace I am collecting stones from every Indian nation and every historical place (significant to Indians). Perhaps some day you will come and sit by our fireside, and let these rocks tell you the story of a race that is not vanishing.

There are 16,000 summer camps in America which have built their programs around Indian art, ceremonies, dances, and traditions. It seems strange that the very thing the people had marked "uncivilized," they are now taking to "civilize" AmericaIJ, youth. But if American youth is to be saved from the noise of city streets, it must go back to the greatest of all teachers-to nature, and to nature's God. The Indian knew a consistent program of living with nature, and to him educators have turned for ideals and romance. A double responsibility to the Indian is found here. If Indian ceremonials, dances, and folk lore are to be saved from degeneration into the vaudeville and circus type of entertainment, they must be interpreted and taught by someone who knows and feels the sacredness of Indian rites. These spiritual gifts are the last things that the Indian

INDIAN ROMANCE AND REALITY

these together into an exquisite basket, which the Apushamataha, Tecumseh, Chief Joseph, Pio- world calls its most beautiful basket; suppose you mingo, Sequoyah, Samoset, Red Jacket-as well could take clay, mould it, color it, and fire it with as Sacajawea and other Indians who have fol- only the crudest of implements, and the world lowed the trails that lead to the high mountains called this its most beautiful pottery; suppose you of courage and strength. These, as well as Wash- could take raw wool, dye it, and weave your most ington, Lincoln, Roosevelt, and Wilson, are a part sacred thoughts in rainbow tints and sunset hues, of the inspirational heritage of American youth. the flash of lightning, and the dark of thunder, the story of how the world began, and how death To that group of American philanthropists, far- came to be; and-suppose you could take shells, sighted educators and Christian statesmen, whose rocks, feathers, and animal skins and make them eyes are searching for new frontiers of service to into ceremonial robes in which you tried to find humanity, I bring the needs and the contributions the Great Mystery of life; and then-one day, of the First Americans. some people came and took all these things away? They built great buildings for them which they It is this group and not the sentimentalists who called "museums" and "art galleries," but they will blot out the "massacre" pages of American forgot to leave anything in the place of the things history. Will you help us save the strength and they took away. Perhaps you would understand vitality of our old moral codes; the mysticism the crushed hearts and hands of the Indians who and beauty of our old religion; the simplicity did not create beautiful things to be stqred away and naturalness of our old life; the symbolism and in attics with moth balls. uniqueness of our arts and crafts; our music and fine old _traditions? But-teach the Indian to In your great museums I have heard people say, think for himself in the new civilization into "Surely, savages didn't make those beautiful which he has been so quickly thrust. Give us a things !" No, savages did not make them. They better moral and social code, for ours is inadewere made by people who understood the simplic- quate for the new and complex problems we now ity of nature and necessity. If the original arts face. Send us strong Christian leaders who will and crafts of America are to be preserved, they dare to practice the high moral standard which must be taught rather than displayed in museums. the Christ taught. America and other nations are beginning to real- -ize that the Indian art has intrinsic value. May Since we are building a new nation out of the some catch a larger vision than those who took old from many nations, should we not say that the Indian's art away to put in museums. what each brings is the heritage of the other? It is thus that the Indian's heritage is America's. Indians might add to the historian's list of The First American has shared a country, his American statesmen and heroes the names of moral and material traditions. If later Ameri- cans share in turn, the race will not vanish.

The Need of a Missionary Ministry Too many pastors are uninformed and uninterested in missions, both at home and abroad.

They are not informing or interesting the churches they serve. They accept a budget quota, an apportionment, to be raised if possible, but it is all impersonal, bloodless, lifeless. It would take an expert burglar with an extraordinary good set of tools to jimmy his way with a mis- sionary speaker or a missionary program into a Sunday morning service of such a minister.

All honor to those pastors who lead their churches into larger knowledge, fuller fellow- ship, deeper consecration and more devoted cooperation in Christian world-wide work! There are some things in any program, doubtless, which can be criticized, but there are so many things that are worthy and challenging that any church ought to be able to designate its gifts to these objects. – The need for an evangelical, evangelistic, aggressive, optimistic, red-blooded, forward- looking, Christ-centered ministry is here. The world needs such a ministry, the churches need such a ministry-a ministry, loyal to Christ, loyal to His Word, loyal to the denomina- tion which they serve, ready to meet conditions in the home, the city, the State, ready to spend and be spent in seeking to get the Gospel believingly into the hearts of men and women and applied in business, social, civic, national and international affairs, and sent on its way to the ends of the earth. W. L. FERGUSON, D. D.

V ieVs of Missions to

.. :l} By W. DAVID OWL, Iroquois, New York A Native Cherokee Minister Among Six Nations A NY one who is acquainted with the progress votion to high ideals than that offered by the Indian .I".of the American Indian and who has a sym- missions. Some of the missionaries were of noble blood and had renounced titles and estates to engage in the pathetic understanding of the struggles of work; most of them were of finished scholarship and rethis people to reach a position where they could fined habit, and nearly all were of such exceptional ability enjoy the finer things which the nation has to as to have commanded attention in any community and offer, will not hesitate to register a tribute for to have possessed themselves of wealth and reputation the civilizing influence of Christian missionary had they so chosen; yet they deliberately faced poverty work for the Indians. and suffering, exile and oblivion, ingratitude, torture and death itself in the hope that some portion of a darkened Men and women who felt peculiarly and divine- world might be made better through their effort. ly commissioned to carry a message of God to this people have been sent to Indian tribes everywhere American Indians surely have received a pricewithin the borders of the United States, regard- less heritage from the hosts of saintly souls who less of their isolated location or nomadic habits. have gone among them doing good. We are the Every Indian now understands the meaning of the heirs of a genuine sacrificial spirit. Cross and what it symbolizes, though everyone may not be able to explain the intricate systems of The evangelization of the Indian has depended faith and organization which cluster about the cen- on two main policies and features of the work. tral theme. Pioneering missionaries have taken to On the one hand many missionaries have insisted the Indians in all parts of the country the story of that Christian Indians must sever themselves en- Christ; they have enlisted new converts to help tirely from the aboriginal practices. Native dress carry forward the program of the Church-heal- is discarded, participation in the feasts and cereing the sick, comforting the afflicted, supplying monials is prohibited; even occasional full Indian encouragement for purer living, and the building dress entertainment is discouraged and there is a of better and happier homes. To the native be- complete separation from the plumed and decoliefs in the "Great Spirit" the Christian mission- rative features of Indian life. These missionaries aries have added the fresher and more buoyant teach the Indian that in becoming disciples of faith in a personal Heavenly Father and in a Jesus the old life must be buried or entirely subfriendly universe. ordinated, and that the traditional racial back- ground cannot be trusted to form any part of In- The work has been supported by the generous dian religious loyalties. Secular education and gifts of missionary-minded white people in many contacts have tempered this process of remaking churches. Rich and poor, by their interest and the Indian in such a way that Indians themselves gifts, have quietly and prayerfully supplied vast have realized that they have something-construcspiritual resources and power, without which tive to contribute to American Christianity. there could be no front lines and no unique examples of self-sacrifice. Other missionaries recognize that the Chris- tian Indian is definitely in possession of certain Where long residence on one field has been pos- racial traits and characteristics which may well sible the progress of the tribe has been steady and be used as allies of the Christian faith and life. respondent with the Christian achievement. One This attitude toward the finer heritage of the of the finest tributes ever paid these faithful racial past permits the younger members of the champions of the Indian was made by the late race to cherish the romantic background so much James Mooney, ethnologist representing the loved by people the world over. They find in the Smithsonian Institution, who spent the greater Indian religious systems a reverence for the creportion of his life defending and encouraging na- ative genius of an invisible Being and they distive Indian ceremonials. Though not an enthusiast cover that the worship of that Being is often sinfor missions, yet he set down this beautiful cerely entered into during certain seasonal cere- monies which serve as a practical outlet of appretribute: ciation and thanksgiving.

In the four centuries of American history there is no Other vital Indian traits, such as hospitality more inspiring chapter of heroism, self-sacrifice and de- [412 ] and generosity, are used by the missionary to ize their own ability to share the opportunities ofserve not only in the restricted religious sense fered in every field of endeavor. This is naturally but in the larger social and economic contacts as more true of the advanced students than of unwell. This approach helps to preserve some of the schooled residents of the reservation. The spirit finer racial characteristics, increases race pride of unrest and desire for change is not so much and keeps alive some of the sacred traditions and against native traditions and customs, nor against customs which are rapidly vanishing into the un- the unprogressive members, rather, it is directed known. at the whole Indian situation. The Indian office of the Go~ernment, which is the legal guardian of the The following narrative shows how Indian gen- Indian wards, becomes the target for criticism erosity may be lifted out of its native setting and from erratic exponents of dissatisfaction, but the placed within the category of self-surrender and Christian enterprise also receives its share of verstewardship. During a meeting around an Indian bal pommeling. A queer psychology, very much camp fire, which a missionary was conducting, an akin to divine discontent, seems to take possession elderly man is said to have given his testimony in of these young Indians. It is in part the result of these words: the institutional and political control to which most Indians have been subjected during the last "I have listened to what you have spoken and it three decades. This attitude on the part of Inmakes me feel good inside," patting himself on the dians themselves has retarded the growth of bosom. Christianity among Indians more than any other acquired trait. When the student element of the A few days later the same Indian came to the race neglects to vitalize their own institutions, or missionary with the finest blanket he .possessed when they shun the enrichment of their native culand, handing it to him, said: "I give you this be- ture, the loss is truly great. But when spiritual cause you make me feel good inside." skepticism is allowed to seep into the life of the student body, the loss is even greater. It amounts The reply from the understanding missionary to spiritual race suicide. was: "Not enough." Scores of Indians of every tribe have been lead The Indian was puzzled and departed, but re- to expect something for nothing rather than to turned with his rifle. earn their own living and to create material and spiritual possessions for themselves. The fact "I give you," he said, "because you make me feel that only a few Indian churches are self-sustaingood inside." ing and only a few are benevolent-minded is not wholly the fault of the Indians. Missionaries and The answer was the same, "Not enough." government agents have sometimes encouraged The next time he came on the finest pony he them to "eat, sleep, and sit on the floor," by not could find. "I give you because you make me feel giving them anything they could do well, or by good inside," were his earnest words. not developing in them a sense of personal ambi- But the missionary again replied, "Not enough." tion to accomplish something difficult. Indians, Then the Indian rode away slowly, confused and like other peoples, catch a heavenly vision only as extremely perplexed. The missionary began to they begin with the improvement of the inner life. feel that perhaps he was making the Christian Every forward looking Christian Indian is a perlife too difficult and complicated for the Indian. sonal testimony to the enduring worth and the up- Finally, however, the Red Man returned empty lifting influence of missions to Indians. Thousands handed, with a lighter step and with a new light of these Christian Indians are scarcely ever heard in his eyes. Without a moment's hesitation he of because they are engaged in the serious busifell at the feet of the missionary, who was satis- ness of quietly earning an honest living, and infied and said, "Enough." cidently are making a better world. The average Missions to rural Indians, like mission schools, have always imparted something vital to those American is not interested in them. They disapwho came within their influence. As one travels point the thrill seeking tourists who, from childover the Indian country visiting their homes, see- hood days, have longed to see the noble Red Man, ing them at work and hearing of their Christian living like a savage in his native habitat. When heroism in the midst of the moral and social quick- these ·tourists discover that Indians live in comsands of reservation life, the impression that fortable and sanitary homes, in place of tepees; Christian work among Indians is not in .vain reg- that they eat wholesome foods, wear clean clothes, isters indelibly with the choicest loyalties of life. raise beautiful, healthy and intelligent children, The few, however, and not the masses have fully and even speak correctly the English language, experienced the satisfactions and joys that accom- then the romantic name "Indian" loses its charm. pany the true Christian life. Indians are like other Americans in their desires and hopes, and, when given the same advantages of education and environment, there are increasingly members of the race who come to real-

The present generation of American Indian them solve their problems by keeping them at youth should not be disheartened in their efforts work so that they may become self-supporting, to educate themselves. They need more than ever self-dependent, respectable citizens in the com- to rely on the friendly assistance of the Christian munity. With the influence he has gained the mis- missionary. When they become American citizens sionary can do a wonderful work in helping his they cannot depend upon their race membership struggling brother the Red Man. The best way to to sustain them or give to them victory over their help is by setting the proper example, giving an environment. There must be lodged in the hearts encouraging word, and showing the importance of of all Indians those spiritual resources upon which raising good gardens, poultry and cows. The mis- the pilgrims of every race have depended through sionary comes in contact with the returned stu- the centuries and which the Christian missionaries dents and can help them solve their problems. He have been sharing with them through the years. can visit their homes and encourage them in clean- liness. He can exchange ideas with them, sympa- TESTIMONY OF A SIOUX thize with them, try to understand them and know I am a Sioux, born and raised on the Sisseton the conditions of the individual families in the Reservation. From my own experience and from community. what I have learned through the older Indians The Indians look upon the missionaries as their who were leaders of different bands, and who have only true friends so that they have a wonderful had considerable experience with the missionaries, opportunity to help the government solve the In- I am convinced that the missionaries have been dian problem. SIMON J. KIRK.

friendly mediators between the Indians and the ANOTHER INDIAN'S VIEWPOINT government. They have also exerted great influ- ence in bringing about a better understanding be- Pima Indians were very superstitious, ruled by tween the Indians and the white people. They the medicine man who claimed to have power to have sympathized with them, often helping make kill and make alive. We had chiefs and sub- peace, assisting in treaty making, and have chiefs, but when sickness broke in, the medicine formed the intermediate step between the savage man was chief of chiefs. I remember, when a and civilization. Their influence helps maintain little boy, the chiefs and elders of the people met peace and friendly relations with other people. at my father's house to tell the old story of cre- The missionaries have also put the Dakota lan- ation-in wintertime. They told the story, sang, guage into writing and have taught the Dakotas and repeated their poetry. No one in the audi- to read and write. In this way they have enabled ence was allowed to sleep. They cleansed them- them to study books that have been translated. selves before starting the story; afterwards they This has induced them to seek more education and washed and stayed clean four days; eating no has made a number of fine leaders among their meat, salt, or fish; alone in the bushes, with paints own people. on their faces, fasting. In this story the Indians The missionaries have won the confidence of for many years expressed their traditions, relig- the Dakotas who believe with their whole hearts ious beliefs, customs, ways of living.

that these white people are their true friends. The Then came the Rev. Charles H. Cook. The in- Dakota people have the utmost confidence in the terpreter was poor and at first the Indians did missionaries and appreciate their friendship. not understand the new religion. After twelve They have always depended upon the missionaries years, the first convert, Manual, was won and with to guide them in their dealings with the govern- his converted father, became a great help. As ment, and in their tribal and public affairs. The the work grew Dr. Cook called us young Indians missionary can talk to the Indian in his own lan- to be helpers-Edward Jackson, Thomas Lewis, guage. Horace Williams. We were happy in the harvest The Dakota people used to be provided with fields. At his house every Wednesday we studied cattle, horses, clothing and rations every two the Bible and talked about what we had been do- weeks. They were happy and prospered but now ing in the fields. He said, "Young men follow they are confronted with new problems, for they me, as I follow Christ; obey God's voice."

are thrown upon their own resources. The cattle, As the Gospel spread he built three Indian horses and rations are gone and they are required churches which are still standing today. He never to make their own living on their allotments by bossed the work, but worked with us in the mud tilling the soil. If the Indian ever needed a friend with sleeves rolled up. He never complained if and a spiritual guide in his daily life it is right anything did not go right. He taught us to be now. open-handed, ready to give to the poor. His The missionaries have already secured the con- clothes were usually patched. He died poor, but fidence of the Dakota people and are able to help his treasure was laid up in Heaven. One wonderful thing I will never forget. When ates are a great help to the churches as Sunday the first twelve converts met at Casa Blanca, at a school superintendents, teachers, and preachers. faithful woman's place, they made their pledge to They work among many tribes-Pimas, Maribe clean like the Great Teachers. They would have copas, Mohaves, Apaches, Navajos, Papagos, Cono part in heathen dances, in gambling, in horse manches, Yaquis, Mexicans. Four ordained minraces, foot races, in Indian games and sports; no isters have come from that Bible School and its inpart in drinking strong drinks; no part in smok- fluence is felt in all our Indian churches. ing tobacco. They kept their pledge and led many Indians to cleanness of life. We expect and pray that in days to come the Spirit of the Lord will cover the Indian land as Dr. Cook greatly desired to have a Bible school water covers the seas. to train young Indians for leadership. He said the Rev. George Logie will be in charge of the By HORACE WILLIAMS, Phoenix, Arizona. work and in 1911 the Charles H. Cook Bible Pima Indian, age 66; long an assistant to Dr.' Cook. School was started. Now its students and gradu- Missionary among Pimas and Maricopas at Lehi.

A Missionary VieV of the Problem '411 By the REV. A. F. JOHNSON, Mitchell, South Dakota ]~.. Presbyterian Missionary to the Dakota (Sioux) Indians T HE Indian problem is the offspring of un- izes the entire organization, and a reflex action is familiarity with the actual local conditions. manifested also in the home. The church is The wonders of this giant's domain furnish necessarily the community center, and the scene readable magazine articles and thrilling platform of a varied number of welfare activities. Many orations. As a result, enthused investigators rush local congregations of these Dakota mission to the Indian reservations-and they always find churches have been inspired to construct guild what they seek, unless, perchance, the monster has houses, beside their houses of worship, for these outgrown their preconceived ideal. secular activities.

But is it fair play to the Indian to thus exhibit The responsibility for these meetings is assumed our brother man as a curiosity to the nation? by the Dakotas themselves, so that it becomes an Everybody knows that deplorable conditions exist, institution of the people, by the people, and for but we plead for a more normal attitude in apply- the people. Local leadership is evident, but the ing the needed remedy. We shall have an Indian leaders have forgotten they are Indians. This is problem to solve just as long as we insist upon not a theory for discussion, but a narrative of treating the Indian as an Indian. Conditions call present-day affairs. for a simplified program providing for the development of an independent manhood. Let us vis- Last summer the Dakota Presbyterian churches ualize him as a man, and forget that he is a of Montana heard much about a wonderful evan- "ward." gelistic campaign held by Dr. Billy Sunday in a nearby town of Havre, Montana. They decided to Originally, the Indian welcomed the commerce have evangelistic services in all their churches. of the white man; adopted his citizenship and re- A special evangelist was impossible as they had ligion; and willingly signed a treaty of peace. no funds. Despite an unusually severe drought Progress seemed assured until suddenly the In- last summer, and the consequent depression, an dian problem injected itself from some unknown Evangelistic Committee was selected to cooperate source and assumed command. Economic inde- with their general missionary from South Dakota, pendence is an outstanding local factor in the his- with all available local help. Special evangelistic tory of all the live, helpful churches of the Dakota meetings were conducted in each of the eight local (or Sioux) Mission. These churches, whose mem- churches; large congregations were in attendance, bers have experienced a transformation of char- and much interest was manifested in things spiracter and are radiating a divine light to the sur- itual. It was a genuine revival. Participation in rounding community, have had a historical back- responsibility for home affairs is of even greater ground of sacrificial giving which has developed importance when the intricate and vexing problem a personal independence and a resourcefulness of moral and social difficulties has to be solved. reaching forward towards self-support. This per- The people themselves can help to save a home, sonal proprietorship in the institution revolution- or an individual, from ruin.

A Good Indian

..:{ By the REV. HARRY H. TREAT, Anadarko, Okla. I~·· SUPERINTENDENT J. A. BUNTIN'S term of ways maintained that the basis of civilization is a service ended officially at Kiowa Agency on home for each family, properly planned outside March 31, as an employee under the Indian and inside, within reach of employment so that the family may earn a creditable living, and ad- Department, according to the rule passed by Con- jacent to church and school facilities. gress relating to men and women in Indian serv- The Indian population has increased twenty ice who reach the age of sixty-five years. . per cent in ten years and they have improved their John A. Buntin has seen many great changes home and living conditions. Mr. Buntin has endeavored to teach the Indians during his period of service. During the past ten the sound business principle that men and women years at the Kiowa Agency approximately 900 in the prime of life cannot afford to sell their property to get funds for living expenses, but homes, with many outbuildings, have been con- should support themselves through profitable em- ployment. He believes that, with continued superstructed, or rebuilt, for the Indian families so that, vision of the Indians by the government, mission- aries, and other good citizens, the task of educatwhile formerly they lived in tepees or huts, today ing, Christianizing and uplifting the Indians will be accomplished and they will ultimately become eighty-five per cent of them have reasonably good self-sustaining, self-respecting American citizens.

homes, well screened against flies and mosquitoes, a good water supply and sanitary arrangements.

The number of families working gardens and field crops and raising poultry has increased. The work of the women in housekeeping, sewing and canning has been excellent. Mr. Buntin has al- A Government Agent"s VieV .:{ I By JOHN ALLEN BUNTIN A Government Agent's Testimony ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ M ANY of the leading missionaries have rec- mISSIOnaries, looking after the spiritual welfare ognized the impracticability of separating of the Red Man. the work of Christianizing the Indians from supplying their needs in education, health, About as large a proportion of true Christians providing them with homes, outbuildings, water are found among the seven tribes of Indians of supplies, and employment. Many of the mission- the Kiowa Reservation as would be found among aries have not only taught the Indians religion the same number of average white citizens of the but have done much to promote the agricultural United States. The views and conduct of the and industrial activities and to improve their liv- Christian Indians on marriage, divorce, morality, ing conditions. gambling and right living, will average notice- ably better than among the non-Christians. I have spent nearly thirty-nine years as a government employee in the Indian Service in various A large part of the homes are well furnished positions. About twenty-eight years on the Kiowa and neatly kept by the Indian women. Their ad- Reservation near Anadarko, Oklahoma, in school vancement in farmi~ig, gardening, poultry raisand reservation work in close contact with the ing, home economics and Christian life, has been Christian missionaries. During the past ten years correspondingly good. For the splendid progress of my Indian Service, I held the position of Super- these Indians have made under government suintendent of the Kiowa Reservation and had, un- pervision, the missionaries are entitled to much der my supervision, 136 government employees credit, especially the progress made in Christianand seven tribes, containing 5,725 Indians. Work- ity. The Indians have been particularly fortunate ing among these were nine white and six Indian in having excellent cooperation between their mis- sionaries and the government employees.

[416 ]

T-wice Born Indians I Have Kno-wn

J!:.. By the REV. BRUCE KINNEY, D. D., Denver, Colo. Director of Indian Missions, American Baptist Home Mission Society W HITE ARM is a Crow Indian who thirty the difference this influence had made in his peo- years ago had never heard of the Gosp~l. ple. He became a Christian and for years led an In fact it is not known that any of hIS exemplary life. He was elected a deaco~ an~ c0.uld tribe was then living the Christian life. When he be seen serving the Lord's Supper wIth dIgnIty.

first heard the story of Jesus it sounded good to GOTEBO, long a Kiowa warrior, standing on a him; he gave up his allotment for the use of the chair at a great meeting, speaks to more than a missionary and took another not as valuable. Sev- thousand Indians of different tribes assembled toeral years passed before he could make up his gether. Holding up a walking cane, he says, mind to walk in the Jesus Road. Finally he went "When I cut this stick in the forest it was so to a great convention with the missionary and crooked that it looked as though it could never be was so impressed that he accepted Christ. Some made straight. I wet it and twisted and bent it Indians there, not of his own tribe, helped him to and put it in the sun. Then, after it had been in understand the Gospel by means of the sign lan- a vise for a long time, I whittled and polished it. guage. Now see how fine and smooth it is. White Arm was asked, through an interpreter, You see me. I led a crooked life for a long how he knew that he was a Christian. The Indian has a habit of thinking before he talks much on time. I used to go on the raid with my tribe and any important matter-not a bad habit. After would attack an Indian camp or a white settleconsidering he told the following experience: ment and plunder it. When I found a sleeping baby of an enemy I would grab it by the heel and "I knew I had a bad heart. It was not neces- throw it into the air and catch it on the point of sary for the missionary to tell me that. But I did my spear. Then Jesus took me in His hands and not know how to get rid of it. The missionary told me to pray to Jesus and He would give me a twisted me. How it did hurt at times! Finally new heart. I prayed and prayed but it did not he made me straight enough so that I could walk seem to do any good. I believed the missionary in the Jesus way. Then Jesus took me in. I was would not tell me a crooked story so I kept on a wicked man. I do not see how Jesus could for- give a man like me but He did and He will forgive praying. It was like a dark room, no windows, no light. I could not see. I kept on praying and you if you will follow him. When I was young all of a sudden, just like a man strikes a match, I never heard of the Jesus Road and the forgive- ness of Jesus. Perhaps that was some excuse for I could see." me. But you have heard it so that now you have White Arm had never read God's Word in any no excuse. Don't put it off longer but take Him language. He had never heard "The entrance of thy word giveth light," and other similar pass- today." ages. But this untutored pagan described in his own language the change that had taken place in *** his soul. JOHN FROST, another Crow Indian, had only *** gone through seven grades of education but when he was converted he at once began to preach. He had never even read the Bible but a good woman BUFFALO MEAT was a Southern Cheyenne war- who knew her Book, taught him to apply himself rior who led his people in the "last outbreak" of and before long he was given charge of a station that tribe against the white man. He was con- among his own people. He has accomplished more sidered so dangerous that, when he was captured, for his Lord than many a college and seminary he was taken in chains and kept a prisoner in the graduate with long training. Listen to him plead fortress at St. Augustine, Florida, lest he incite with an Indian congregation. .

his people to new wars. When finally he was re- "At one time'," he said, "all of us worshipped leased a mission had been established near his the eagle. Some part of his body was good medi- home and his keen mind was not long in detecting cine to us. Not long ago when I was visiting up [417 ]

in the mountains, at the home of a Christian one time professorial lecturer in two medical col- friend of mine, who did not worship the eagle, I leges in Chicago. He was devotedly interested in saw that he and his boys had caught a young the Indians, their civilization and in Christian eagle and had chained it to a small platform. I work among them.

told him that he ought to let it go free for God *** meant it to soar in the clouds and not be tied down. CHIEF LEFT HAND, a war chief of the Southern After some talk they cut it loose, but it did not Arapaho, was converted late in life. He made a seem to know that it was free to fly. It walked touching Jesus talk at the Northern Baptist Conaround eating scraps of meat that had been out of vention in Oklahoma City in 1908. As he sat down its reach. They tried to scare it away but it would a white haired old preacher arose and said, not go. Finally one of the boys took off his coat "Forty-four years ago I lived in Denver and enand whipped it. It looked surprised and then listed in the army to fight the Indians then on the tried its wings and was off. It soared in the air war path. At the battIe of Big Sandy, Left Hand and finally lighted on the topmost peak of a near- led the Arapahos. I sought his blood that day, but by mountain. That is like a lot of our own people. today I am his blood brother in Jesus Christ, our They live tied down to earth by sin, eating scraps Lord." These words created a profound sensaof food that they can pick up by the way. They tion so that the great audience called the preacher do not know that Jesus has paid the price to set to the platform and those two old men, one time them free from sin, but some are finally startled warriors and enemies on the field of battle, eminto action. They find that they are really free braced each other with joy. That is what the and raise their wings to fly aloft." Gospel does for the Red Man, and for the white *** man too. Bob Burdette, describing this scene to one who had not witnessed it said: "It impressed SHERMAN COOLIDGE, a full blooded Northern me so much that I believe I will be telling that story over and over again after I have been in Arapaho Indian, was found by General Coolidge heaven a million years."

on the battlefield. The general adopted him and *** in due time sent him to school. Later he was grad- HuGO BONNAHA, a full blooded Yavapai, has uated from college and from Seabury Divinity some education. He found Jesus Christ as his Saviour and for many years was a faithful em- School, was ordained a priest in the Protestant ployee in the smelter at Clarkdale, Arizona, win- ning the confidence of white and Indian employees. Episcopal Church, and served as a missionary to For several years he studied under a nearby white pastor five or six times a week, and for three years his own tribe for almost twenty years. He be- now he has devoted his whole time to Christian came a rector of a white congregation, and was work. He has two organized churches and drives thousands of miles seeking otherwise neglected advanced to the position of Canon in the Episco- groups of Indians.

pal Cathedral of Denver where he served until his *** death in January, 1932. His story is told in Who's Who. He was known far and wide for his gentle Christian spirit, fine ideals and earnest purpose td serve his Lord.

*** DR. CARLOS MONTEZUMA, a full blooded Apache, Time and space limitations do not allow me to was captured by the Pima Indians when he was tell of David Owl (Cherokee), Gabe Parker (Cher- about a year old and was sold to a white man for okee) , Henry Roe Cloud (Winnebago), Arthur thirty dollars. This man took him to his home in Parker (Seneca), Ruth Muskrat Bronson, Ruth the middle west and treated him like a son. The Hicks, Richard Aitson and other outstanding In- first language he knew was English and, as he dians who have done great things for God and proved very bright, his friend gave him educa- humanity because of their love for Jesus Christ.

tional advantages. In 1884, at the age of seven- A great host are graduating from schools and col- teen, he was graduated from the University of Illi- leges or are taking graduate work to fit them for nois as Bachelor of Science. He studied medicine, teaching, preaching and other forms of useful was graduated, married a white woman and set- service, all in the name of Christ. One such teach- tled in Chicago where he became an active member er wrote: "For a long time I was in doubt what I of the First Baptist Church. In 1918 when the should do. Today, in this government Indian "flu" got into the Baptist Missionary Training school, I have 100 young Indians in my classes in School, Dr. Montezuma was asked to take charge the regular day school and in Sunday school. I and, although nearly every one of the faculty and have found my life work and when I see their students numbering sixty-five contracted that dis- eager brown faces looking up into mine, I am ease which carried off so many thousands, he did thrilled at the opportunities to lead them into bet- not lose a single case. Dr. Montezuma was at ter ways."

Who Have Made

AN APACHE WHO STOOD THE TEST being forsaken by friends. A refusal would be Some Indians have made good as farmers; some proof that he had adopted the white man's relias interpreters; others as gardeners and fruit gion. The Indians were willing to pay all exgrowers; many more have acquired cattle in herds. penses, but he would not yield to their entreaty But among the Apache Indians who has made or even to their threats. He confessed his faith good with God or by the grace of God? A number in Christ and told the Apache Indians repeatedly, of Apache Christians come to mind, among them "I know in whom I believe. Be it unto me as He Cecil Haozous down in Arizona. wills, I am content. You cannot shake my convic- tion. I trust in Him above all things. His prom- When he returned to the San Carlos Indian ises are sure." His wife also confessed with him, Reservation from Hampton Institute, where he nursing him day and night for over two years. had attended school after his preliminary training They also brought their four children to the Lord on the reservation, he quickly became a leader in Holy Baptism. Thus Cecil Haozous, Apache Inamong his people. It was his wish to help bring dian of old San Carlos, Arizona, made good. the Apache to greater advancement, industrially and socially. In a short time he was the leading ALF M. UPLEGGER, speaker in tribal councils and enjoyed the confi~ Lutheran Apache Mission, Globe, Arizona.

dence of his fellow~tribesmen to such an extent A LITTLE INDIAN CRIPPLE that he was chosen chief representative of the San Little Esther, a child in a southern California Carlos Apache Indians and was sent by the tribe mission Indian home, was crippled from birth. It to Washington to confer with the Commissioner seems sad to be so handicapped but "Never have of Indian Affairs in regard to the allotment of I had greater encouragement in forty years of land and cattle to the Indians. His quest for his missionary experience than from this crippled people was not realized, and disappointed he had little girl," said the late Rev. W. H. Weinland, a to seek means of support off the reservation. Moravian missionary among the southern Cali- The vibration of a compressed air rock drill, fornia Indians. The child had to be carried everywhich he was handling when he was inj ured while working on the construction of the highway to where and so drew out more of the love and sym- Horse Mesa Dam, was too much for him. Though pathy from her parents than a normal child. treated with medical and hospital care, his consti~ These Christian parents practically never missed tution had suffered such nervous shock that he church from the time their baby was old enough was brought back to the reservation an invalid. to go for she grew to love the worship in God's He never fully recovered. At times he rallied and house so much that she insisted on being taken hope revived that he might help his people. But every Sunday. With rapt attention she listened when strength failed he asked: "With my people with wide-eyed interest to the sermons of her bemaking no material advancement, and I wanting loved missionary pastor and was able to discuss to serve them, with my family needing my support the sermon at home. Her bright face, sparkling -why must I lie here unable to do anything?" eyes and intelligent listening attitude was a great encouragement to pastor, parents and other wor- God knew how to prepare a chosen vessel for shippers. His service. The wasting plague consumed him more and more and for a long time his faithful Esther helped form a Junior Ladies Aid among and devoted wife, his aunt, the government phy~ the girls of the congregation and this was the sician, his missionary pastor and his wife were cause of not a little stimulation to the mothers and the only ones who paid any attention to him. sisters. Even the men were stimulated to more Finally his kinsfolk and fellow~tribesmen realized loyal service for their church by the courage and that the life of their spokesman was slowly ebbing ever present smile of this cheerful embodiment of away. the Master's Gospel of good cheer.

Then his faith was put to the firetest. Uncon~ G. F. WEINLAND. verted Indians came begging him to yield to old YELLOW BIRD-A CHIPPEWA INDIAN Indian religious custom and tradition. They in- One day when Osawepenas, a Chippewa Indian sisted that the best so-called Indian medicine men boy, living on ·the Flathead Reservation in Mon- practice their witchcraft over him. He knew that tana, was six, he chanced to see his great aunt refusal meant the scorn of all so-called "good" In- with a book in her hand.

dians in the tribe. It meant ridicule. It meant "What are you doing, grandmother?" he asked.'

[419 ]

"I am reading a book," she answered. sociation, who won his interest and admiration by "What is that?" came a second question. kindly acts in a time of sickness and death of a In her simple Indian fashion the great aunt child. showed the boy how a book was able to speak to those who were able to read. Through the consecrated efforts and earnest That day a new school was opened with one prayers of Mr. Burroughs, Malcolm Mitchell was pupil and this good old grandmother as teacher. induced to act as interpreter at the Christian She taught Osawepenas ("Yellow Bird") the first services and eventually gave his life to the service principles of the Cree syllabic system which re- of Christ. He says: minds one of shorthand. That Spring the teacher left with a band of Indians for a long trip across "I did not like to stand up by the side of the the Rockies, but before leaving she tore a number missionary and preach his sermons in Cree. My of leaves fmm her book, bound them together in a friends made fun of me and called me 'the preachrawhide cover and gave her pupil the key to the er,' but I could not refuse the missionary who had Cree system and the parable of the prodigal son, been so kind in our sorrow. I felt that I could not so that he might study in her absence. interpret well enough and after every service I de- Late in the Fall when the Indians returned from cided not to go near the mission again; but the their long trip, Osawepenas could scarcely wait next Sunday I found myself there. I could not for his family to visit the aged aunt. He was the stay away, though I did not like the job. It 'was first to greet her, exclaiming with a voice of tri- hard to find the right word and the missionary umph, "Grandmother! I can read!" She expressed had to stop many times to explain words to me. great delight and surprise when she found he was Then I began to pray to God for help. My wife able to read. But there was nothing to read except and I both prayed during the week and on my way occasional letters from friends of the family. His to church on Sundays I prayed that God would teacher had taught him all she knew and shared help me to say the right word. All at once I nowith him her library of one book. ticed a great change. God was helping me. Now it is easy for me to interpret and I like to do it." *** Malcolm Mitchell is now considered one of the At the age of fourteen (in 1904) Osawepenas best and most accurate interpreters. He has a began to work for a white rancher. "I often think good memory and a mind that is quick and alert. of my first white boss," he said later. "He was so It seldom becomes necessary to explain a new word different from other white men that I thought he a second time-remarkable for a man who has was funny, but I liked him because he was kind. never had the advantage of an education. Eager He always prayed at the table and I thought he to learn and prepare himself for greater usefulwas a little foolish. When we were working to- ness among his people, he has followed a course of gether and I mixed up my English with dirty and study under the direction of the missionaries, swear-words, he would stop working and look me looking toward his appointment as a lay reader, right in the eye and say: 'Yellow Bird, that is a and eventually to the ministry. bad word, don't use it.' I thought that English had to have those extra words to make it sound When Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell became Christians good, for everybody spoke that way exceptillg my they encountered much criticism and ridicule from boss. So I learned to speak two kinds of English. the other Indians. When they suffered sickness The one I used when with my boss and the other or some adversity a neighbor was sure to tell them when away from him. Later I learned that there that the affliction was the result of their connecwere two kinds of white people-something that is tion with the mission. Their faith was severely very hard for my people to learn." tested but they remained true. Today they are respected and honored by all and the Indians have If all who have come into contact with the In- chosen Mr. Mitchell as their official interpreter and dians during the past four hundred years had elected him president of the Indian Council. They been of such a character as this white rancher, seek his advice and judgment in many matters. the story of the Red Man would be far brighter He is also the honored judge of the Indian Court in the annals of American history. in which capacity he wields a strong and whole- some influence. He carries the United States mail In 1917 Osawepenas relinquished his rights on over the star route between Rocky Boy and Box the Blackfeet Reservation from which tribe he had Elder. taken a wife. They were enrolled with the Rocky Boy band recently established in the Bear Paw Mr. Mitchell has been connected with the mis- Mountains in Montana. He had taken a new name sion almost from its beginning and has grown to and is now better known as Malcolm Mitchell. At be an integral part in all its activities. In him the Rocky Boy he came in contact with Rev. E. D. missionary has a most loyal and faithful sup- Burroughs, missionary of the National Indian As- porter. His advice and judgment are solicited on all new projects and are rendered most humbly.

INDIANS WHO HAVE MADE GOOD

He and his good wife have a fine Christian home lived for· hundreds of years. When he was sixand their value to the Church in her missionary teen, he tried to take part in the Napikeh, the endeavors at Rocky Boy cannot be estimated. so-called sun dance, for he wanted not only to be like the young men but to excel them as good The REV. WILLIAM H. GABLE, Rocky Boy, Montana, fighters, "he-men." They wanted to pass the tor- Missionary of the United Lutheran Church. ture tests that would give them repute as brave and patriotic. After fasting two days and nights, THE STORY OF SITTING CROW hunger got the better of Sitting Crow for a time. Peditska Amakish ("Sitting Crow") was born Later he entered the arbor, made of posts ,and in 1861 at the old Fish-hook village (Fort Ber- poles and green boughs, with a shaggy, gory head thold). The Mandans, the Hidatsas, and the Rees of a buffalo on a high pole in the center. A dry had come to live there together. At eight years buffalo skull was on a mound of dirt at the side of age, he was a little boy, hunting birds and go- opposite the entrance. Naked men daubed with phers with a bow and arrowS. He was a grand- white clay, with eagle feathers hanging down their backs, danced about. For three days and SITTING CROW- A CHRISTIAN INDIAN nights they had been sitting before their totems in the arbor without food or drink. Now they son of the old Mandan chief Red Cow and a danced and blew whistles made of goose bones. A nephew of Itenape, a son of the chief. So by band of older men chanted to the rhythm of drum birth he was in line for leadership in his tribe. beats. Soon they had to rest, then they danced again. A leader danced back and forth between His uncle Itenape, "One-who-turns-away-his- the head and the skull till he fell. Then he reface," was of a reticent habit, but though shy, vived and danced again till he fell again, revived had broken away from his Indian life and gone and danced again till at last he lay in unconsciousnine hundred miles down the Missouri River with ness. General C. H. Howard and spent a year in the home of Dr. Alfred L. Riggs. He was not a Chris- One of the dancers stepped out to the middle. tian, but when the first missionaries came among It was Sitting Crow. An older man slit the flesh his people in 1876 he was a friend and interpreter. of his back, inserted a wooden skewer, tied a raw hide to the skewer and fastened the other end to Sitting Crow was at that time a boy of fifteen, the nostrils of the buffalo .head. Sitting Crow but the attitude of this uncle, twenty years older, danced, jerking at the cord, while men chanted who · still clung to his tribal inheritance, did and whistles blew. A crowd of men, women, and not seem to have had any effect on the lad. children watched from outside the booth. He He was a part of the life which Mandan boys had rushed in a circle and wound himself around the poh~, howling and with eyes fixed on the bloody head. He reversed and wound the other way. Then he fainted. Did he see a spirit which would give him success in hunting or fighting Or driv- ing away the evil spirit that caused sickness? Others believed that they saw a spirit embodied in some animal form, a bear, a hawk, an eagle, or a snake, and got help to win honors, to be pa- triotic and aid the tribe. Sitting Crow went away to sleep and to be fed soup when he awoke. · When he was eighteen years old, his father urged him to go and seek his protecting spirit on a hill across the Missouri River from the Indian village. Sitting Crow went in December, without food or drink for three days. He crawled into a hole in the side of the bluff, like a coyote. On the third night, he fell into a sleep of exhaustion and was rewarded with a dream. A man came and gave him an eagle feather. Then he went home, wondering what the interpretation would be. Some time after this an uncle who had gone to live with the Crow-Flies-High band of Hidatsas at Fort Buford, one hundred miles up the river,

came to visit and Sitting Crow went back with enty. The grip of the old ideas and customs of him. While he was at Fort Buford a roving band half a century ago was not at once shaken off. of Sioux drove off a bunch of the Hidatsas' horses Even now he has a scalp lock and the stuffed skin and Sitting Crow was with a party which chased of an enemy's hand among his treasures. His the enemy. He succeeded in striking one of the father left them to him. Remember the shell Sioux with a stick which was more glory than cases, helmets, swords, and masks our white solkilling with a shot at a distance. dier boys brought from France, and the cannon on the lawn in a peaceful park. Such souvenirs Thus Sitting Crow earned the right to wear his persist, though they might better be "for burning, first eagle feather – his croix-de-guerre – his for fuel of fire," or melted into harvesters now that we look for the "Prince of Peace." medal. In 1884, when Sitting Crow was twenty, herds Sitting Crow found it hard to stand up and be independent under the new order which destroyed of buffalo had become scarce, but he went on two the old means of living. But he has gradually or three hunting trips before hordes of white men yielded. Tanned buckskin grew scarce and cheap came and slaughtered all the buffalo. factory clothes easier to get. Stoves and windows made other changes necessary. Plows banished When Sitting Crow was twenty-two, he went bone hoes. with a hunting party as far as the Powder River, in Montana, more than three hundred miles away White people are more or less in bondage to from their village. There they found a large herd fashion, and they made Indians think that a man of buffalo and returned to camp with plenty of could not be civilized till he cut off his braided meat. Sitting Crow stayed behind, as he had hair. But the missionaries took pains to make again decided to drag a head. This time he was them understand that it was "heart work" that left alone in the dark. As he started along the counted. beaten trail, his load grew heavy. Perhaps this trail was one the buffalos disliked, and their Sitting Crow has gradually yielded more and spirits made the burden heavy. He left the trail more to the Christ. The grit which kept him perand went on the untracked prairie. The burden sistent in self-torture, now helps him to hold fast was still grievous. A storm came up. He dragged to what he grasps of the new way of life. Henry on wailing 'as he went. He was lost. The storm has found that all his persistent efforts at selfpassed. Dawn came. He climbed a hill and sight- immolation had only racked his body and left his ed the camp 'five miles away. He moistened the soul empty. He has learned that the Father of dried wound on his back with spittle. He got the our suffering Lord Jesus Christ can alone satisfy. rawhide cord untied. He set the buffalo head on the hill. He said to it: "We have spent the night Henry bares his soul in this tale that his fellow together. Now I leave you, Sacred One. Some Christians may understand him and his people and day you will help me and make me brave." . may be inclined to help them in their struggle to reach the Christian goal. When he reached the camp, the people were eating; but his grandfather, the old chief Red C. L. HALL and MRS. R. D. HALL. Cow, was sleeping. The old man had spent the night keeping up a fire on the hill that his grand- HOW AN INDIAN FOUND GOD son might find the camp. Poor Wolf was born in one of the five Hidatsa After this, Sitting Crow was again on a hunt villages on the Knife River where it empties into when an angry bull turned and knocked down his the Missouri. His uncle, "Road Maker," (Adihorse. He I:Jscaped, and the horse was only bruised, hidish), was a leader among his people when as the bull ran off with the herd. At another time, Lewis and Clark visited the villages in 1804-1805. in the melee, some one shot, and he felt a bullet Poor Wolf reckoned that he was born in 1820 whiz by. It had gone through the loose flapping and as a little boy remembered seeing white solend of his shirt. He felt that it was through drag- diers come up the river in eight wooden boats ging the head of a buffalo that twice he had been which they pulled with ropes from the bank. saved. These whites made an agreement with Indians about their hunting grounds. The little boy recol- At another time, when Sitting Crow was with a lected saying to his father (Buffalo-hide-tent), war party chasing some Sioux ~ho were driving "Will I be a white man now?" His father said, off a bunch of horses, he recovered two of the "Yes." In old age, Poor Wolf looking back would horses. He thought that this success was given say, "I have been a friend to the whites ever him by a spirit because he had dragged the head since." of a buffalo during a long night. When a child, only four or five years old, Poor Sitting Crow has now come to believe in the all- Wolf prayed to animals and to sun, moon, and powerful God. Many years ago, he was baptized stars. He was afraid of the enemy in the dark. and given the name of Henry. He is nearly sev-

INDIANS WHO HAVE MADE GOOD

Through a trader, his father had heard of the he gave the name of Poor or Lean Wolf to the one white man's Great Spirit, and in this way had who had saved his life.

some dim knowledge of God. He used to be afraid An eagle-hunter was reckoned a man of distincof the white man's teaching. tion among the Indians. There was a bluff near When Poor Wolf was seventeen he had small- the village where they used to worship when they pox-the scourge of 1837-and many of the people went on such expeditions. Poor Wolf once caught died. The others abandoned their villages and twelve eagles on one hunt, three in one day. There stayed away until three mysterious figures in are very strict rules for hunting, but Poor Wolf black told them that it was safe to return. Poor did not observe them all. One rule was that the Wolf was left alone, helpless, with swollen face most successful hunter should return to the camp and eyes half closed. A bear came in and walked right to where he was, sat down with his back pressed against him and began to scratch his breast with his forepaws. By and by, he got up and walked out of the lodge. Was Poor Wolf dreamihg, or did it really happen? Then the bear came back and, while Poor Wolf trembled with fear, went through the same motions again. The boy thought surely the bear had mercy on him, and when his father returned, they talked it over and agreed that the bear pitied him. After that, he worshipped the bear, in the dance, wearing ank- lets of bear's teeth.

When the boy was nineteen or twenty, and still unmarried, he fasted for twenty days, going with- out food and not smoking for four days, on the fifth day eating a little and then fasting again.

During this time he went about crying aloud, and after he ceased to fast, he still went about crying for a year. He would stand on a buffalo skull and cry out until his throat was dry. At the end of this fast, his father cut four pieces from his upper arm and four from the lower arm, as a sacrifice to his gods. After these wounds were healed, the youth entered a lodge, where there were many old men, and, with great cere- mony, was tattooed on his arms and all over one side of his breast and back. Two men did the POOR WOLF AND HIS GRANDDAUGHTER ROSE work of pricking in the patterns, while the men would sing, "Let his body be pictured, his spirit with his eagles, weeping. Poor Wolf came back also, 0, White Father in heaven and ye four winds, happy. They prayed to the fibre rope with which make him blue. Let him not be bitten by rattle- they caught the eagles. Two leaders in an eagle snakes, etc." It was thought that he could not be hunt wear eagle feathers around their necks and struck by bullets from an enemy; that he could sing songs in the night. Poor Wolf liked to go suck out poison without harm; that the tattooing about the business in his own way and had an would give him protection and make him cour- eagle claw tattooed on his right hand. His uncle ageous. put it on so that he could grab a Sioux.

Recounting his history, the old man said, "Once It is plain that Poor Wolf was a religious man a hundred warriors, out on a trip, became very as well as political leader. He believed in his hungry. I had a piece of fat buffalo meat con- gods and greatly influenced his people, who in turn cealed, which I had carried along. This I roasted rewarded him for his spiritual services.

and gave to them, and they were saved from starv- When the Christian missionary came in 1876, ing. In consequence one of the warriors, who had Poor Wolf was among the friendly Indians. Two taken part in a sun dance,gave me the name of years later Captain Pratt came to get the first 'Poor Wolf.' He had continued dancing for four pupils from the reservation. Poor Wolf was asked days until all others stopped and then had kept to let his children go to Hampton, Virginia. He on for another four days. In a dream he saw a said, "If I had sons, you could have them. I have wolf that told him he would have a long life." So only daughters and cannot let them go." Later

Poor Wolf joined a delegation of Indian leaders of the Son of God, of which you have been telling who went to Washington and Hampton. He was us, but there is much that I do not understand. I impressed by the works of the white people and was brought up in a different way."

the opportunities of the children at the school and Then he told me about being saved from the after his return home, wrote to one of the Indian smallpox, the bear, the bullets of the enemy, and girls of his tribe telling her to be diligent in learn- mysterious powers that protected him. I told him ing the white woman's ways. Later, when the that it was our Father in Heaven who had spared missionary collected a company of seven children him, so that he might hear about His Son, the for- to go to Santee, Nebraska, Poor Wolf's little girl giveness of sin, and the way of everlasting life.

Otter was the only girl among six boys. Otter The old chief went out into the dark-thinking.

prospered at Santee and was able to send mes- Later, one Sunday night, he came and spoke to sages back that encouraged him, so Poor Wolf me as follows: "What will I have to do to belong sent a second daughter a year or two older, to to God's people? Tell me plainly. Many years join her sister. These girls spent three years at ago I gave up fighting, stealing horses, and other Santee and became followers of the Christian way. bad deeds. I have obeyed the white man's laws The girls prayed for their father that he might as far as I know them. You tell me that I must follow them in their new experiences and thus give up conjuring. That will be difficult, for I get Poor Wolf became a regular attendant at Chris- presents and pay from the patients who are cured. tian services. He was useful in repeating to others Must I give up going to dances? By joining in the Bible stories he had learned and his friend- these dances and feasts and worship of spirits, I ship went so far as to make him a herald for the can get horses, ornaments, and fine clothing which mIssIOnary. According to Indian custom, he are given to the visitors. Must I give up the old would go around among the houses in the village Indian songs, which are a part of the life of our . calling out: "Come and sit for Ho-waste" (the people? Must I give up the charms that I have missionary's Indian name). Apparently he was carried on my body for years and which I bestill thE) "medicine-man" of the tribe.. lieve have defended me from demons? My body When 'his daughters came back from school, is tattooed to show my allegiance to various Poor Wolf found he had a new problem on his spirits. How can I cut these out of my flesh?

hands. The old village was not a fit place for Ever since I was a little child I have looked upon them to live. The younger one, Otter, found a the many things of nature and thought they were temporary refuge' in the missionary boarding great supernatural beings. Now you tell me that school. The older one, Miriam, had grown into it is the great God who made these things, and a Christian woman, much appreciated by her ma- who causes the sunshine and the thunder and rain.

trons and teachers. In August, 1885, Poor Wolf, I have gone about the village calling upon the his wife and two daughters were part of a com- people. to come and pray to God."

pany who went with me across the trail to Devil's Poor Wolf's two daughters returned the second Lake, one hundred and thirty miles. Withwhite time from school, and the problem of how to take men's ways he was not so familiar and once when care of them and adjust himself to the new con- there had been dampness in the region and liz- ditions became acute. The girls were Christians ards were plentiful, Poor Wolf found a nice dry, and had been praying for their father. He saw sandy place for the night. I was obliged to change that some new environment was needed for them the location for they had made their bed between and yet he felt that it was impossible for him 'to the rails of the railroad. At Devil's Lake the break away from his past. One day he said to his matron from the Santee school took the girls in daughter Otter, "I notice Christians all say 'Our charge. Then the old couple, having escaped from Father' in prayer. I have done so many wrong the perils of civilization started on their lonely things and been for so many years so far from way home. God's ways that it does not seem right for me to Poor Wolf was sixty-five years of age, and there say' 'My Father'."

was a great struggle within the old man's mind. His daughter gave him the Bible words, "To We were troubled in those days with Indians from as many as received Him, to them gave He power the North, and especially with evil white men, who to become the sons of God." Then Poor Wolf would drop down the river in a ski.ff or raft and said, "If He gives me the power to be His child, get away with our horses. White settlers formed then I may call him 'Father'."

a "vigilance committee" and one offender was In April, 1887, eleven years after our first land- found hanging on a telegraph post. One night ing at Fort Berthold, Poor Wolf proved his new the old man came to my house and said: "I have faith by throwing away all his old fetishes-a been watching for horse thieves. I saw your light dried turtle shell, muskrat skin, mink skin, red and came in. I was thinking much of this religion muscles, crane head, otter skin, besides pepper-

INDIANS WHO HAVE MADE GOOD

mint and other herbs. For these, and the songs until six years afterwards that he received Chrisand ritual connected with them, he had paid eighty buffalo hides besides guns and ponies. He tian baptism. In that year, 1893, a council of kept the turtle shell and the muscles because they belonged to his father, but he did not worship our white missionaries from all over the Dakotas them. He paid one hundred and eighty buffalo hides, ten decorated with porcupine quill work, for the first time found their way to our distant knives and ponies for a bear's arm, a crane's head, an owl's head, a buffalo skull, sweet-grass braided post. We had a Communion season, and sevento represent a snake with two heads, the long hair of the buffalo near the jaw, owl claws, and an teen, nearly all parents of our school children, image of an owl in buffalo hair. Such things were used at the buffalo dance for conjuring, with the were received into the church:–one for each year belief that they give the strength of the buffalo in fighting. They also bring the buffalo when of our mission life. It was like the breaking up food is scarce and cure wounds. There is corn in the ear and in a basket, red foxes and swift foxes, of the river ice in the spring, the whole commuarrow heads and things to make the wind blow right. All these conjuring things he took out to nity seemed to change. a hill, talked to them, told them he did not need them any more, and threw them away. For doing Poor Wolf was now an old man of seventy-four so, Crow Breast, the Gros Ventre chief, called him a fool. The people prophesied dire calamities be- winters. His old heathenism had been inserted cause of his forsaking his gods. Their predictions seemed to be fulfilled. His wife was struck with into his body as well as into his soul. I told him paralysis, which crippled her for some time. His team of horses was killed by lightning and he be- to look at the tattoo marks and say: "Let no man came blind. But his faith was not shaken. He knelt and prayed: "0 God of my daughter, be my trouble me, for I bear in my body the marks of God also!" After a time he partly recovered his sight, and his wife's health was restored. the Lord Jesus. They show from what He has Poor Wolf made a trip of three hundred miles to saved me." Cheyenne Agency that he might meet with Dakota Christians. He was one of the first to break away The energy that had gone into his Indian life from the old village and start a home on his individual allotment. From that time he was a great still persisted, and though his sight failed, he helper in the work of the mission, but it was not continued for sixteen years to be the main helper and inspiration in the church. As deacon, he had the privilege of receiving into the Church many.

others whom he had influenced to take the Chris- tian way. He would tell them how he had given up all his past for Christ, the true Saviour. He would tell the young man of doubting Thomas who was finally convinced when he saw the wounds, and he plead with them also to believe.

He prayed at his house with his family and would say: "I did wrong and was ignorant, but God is merciful and saves us."

Wolf Chief said when he called upon him: "Poor Wolf talked at length with me and I stayed all night at his house. At breakfast he asked me to make the usual prayer and said, 'I am very old now and waiting to go above, but you are young.

Persevere in the way of God.' " c. L HALL.

A TYPICAL CAMP OF CROW INDIANS ASSEMBLED FOR A "JESUS MEETING" ON THEIR RESERVATION IN MONTANA

r RESERVATIONS AND SCHOOLS .{(v""~ } "

I …. – .. .."""..;f' ~ 1 I " ) I ….

f _1..— *C::J Indian Reservahon STATUTE MILES … Feder.I School • Non-Reservation School • Boarding School … Day School o MISSion School, Contract • MISSion Schoof, Non-ContraC2 • SvutOf1Um .. Ins.ane Asy1lJm GO 19/ OTHER INDIAN RESERVATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS ARE FOUND IN FLORIDA (SEMINOLES), IN MAINE AND OTHER STATES

Are the Unevangelized Indians?*

IF·· By G. E. E. LINDQUIST, Lawrence, Kansas Missionarv.at.large, Society for Propagating the Gospel Among – Indians and Others in North America T HAT there are still unevangelized groups of ministry. In other parts of Oklahoma the insidi- Indians in the United States may seem sur- ous Peyote cult, the adherents of which use the prising to those who believe that for so- habit-forming drug, has made large inroads on called Christian nations the missionary enterprise, the constituency of old established missions. according to our Lord's command, began "in Jerusalem," then continued "in Judea and Samaria" In Brown County, Kansas, there are 69 famiand so to the "uttermost parts of the earth." lies of the Kickapoo tribe (numbering 291), as well as scattered Iowas, who are entirely without In the survey launched in 1919, under the direc- religious oversight at the present time. tion of the author, 46,000 Indians on forty reservations were found who were uninfluenced to any Socially, these Kickapoo Indians are on a low large extent by any church. It became evident plane and are regarded by government officials as that ne,glect, rather than duplication of effort, is the most backward and retarded of the four tribes the sin that might well be laid at the door of the under the agency. A large percentage of them Protestant churches in their mission work for the have been granted patents-in-fee to their land and Indians. Following the discovery of these un- have quickly disposed of it. Only three families reached groups it became the task of the fifteen are affiliated with any church, that being the Roconferences, which were held in various parts of man Catholic. Some say that they go to the Inthe country at that time, to formulate definite re- dian "Drum" church. At present there is no orquests that mission boards extend and strengthen ganized social life among them and practically no their work so as adequately to reach these neg- community gatherings. There is no center for lected groups. Since then a number of new fields religious work, and no Sunday schools for the chilhave been entered and specific allocation of re- dren. There is an old church building still standsponsibility assumed. ing which is owned by the Indians and is used oc- casionally for funerals. At the Kickapoo Day Then, almost on the heels of the new ventures School, where there are a number of bright and which promised so much for the future, came re- intelligent children, there is a good opportunity trenchment policies characterized by sporadic ef- not only for Sunday school but for regular reliforts falling far short of the objectives set.. Thus gious services. I visited this field last fan and the decade that followed the first comprehensive made an urgent appeal to a missionary society, survey made of Protestant Indian Missions saw a engaged in work on adjacent territory, to assume general let-down in religious interest and zeal responsibility for this neglected group. Previouswhich affected the first Americans as well as all ly overtures had been made to the Kansas Council Americans. Recent years, and even the last few of Religious Education, but there is no visible evimonths, have marked the withdrawal of mission- dence that the appeal was heeded. ary personnel, the closing of mission schools and hospitals, and the virtual abandonment of some In the category of the unevangelized are bands entire fields. of Chippewas in northern Minnesota, not far from the international boundary line, in the region In OklahomcL two tribes (Iowa and Otoes), who north and east of the Red Lake Indian Reservaten years ago were well manned, are today with- tion. In the days of Bishop Whipple, who was "a out missionaries. Certain sections of old Indian friend of the Indians when it meant something to Territory, for a century the habitat of the Five be a friend," these Chippewas were influenced by Civilized Tribes, show plainly the signs of retro- the missionary zeal of the Indian clergy raised up gression. Indian churches have been left to them- under his wise leadership. Today these have selves, segregated from wholesome contacts with passed on and but few have been found to take the white churches, with little or no supervision up their fallen mantle. Of recent years repre.. and with an untrained and poorly paid Indian sentatives of the Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant have carried on itinerant work among * Due to the limitations of space only certain representative groups the Indians in the Ponemah and Rainy Lake dis- are discussed in this article. However, these are indicative of general conditions and needs. G. E. E. L.

[427 ]

tricts. The Rev. Alrick Olson, the field mission- bility and an unconquerable faith in God and the ary, reports that fully 1,500 are still without the eternal verities, will find a response as genuine ministrations of the Gospel. and whole-hearted as among those of any other The Florida Seminoles, though small in num- tribe. bers, have presented a challenge to missionary en- Scattered widely in small groups over the large deavor for over sixty years. There are three state of Nevada are more than 4,900 Indians, groups of them-those of the Okeechobee camps mostly Paiutes, Shoshones and Washoes. They (150), the Miccosukee of the Big Cypress Swamp constitute an appreciable proportion of the state's population. Aside from work among those on (400), and those in and around Dania and Miami fixed reservations, like Walker River and Pyramid (40-50). As early as 1870 an independent mis- Lake, and those in Colonies, like Reno-Sparks and sionary, Mr. Frost, attempted to establish a school Dresslerville, very little has been done by Chrisamong them but the project was soon abandoned. tian agencies to reach the various bands through- The National Indian Association launched a work out the state. Isolated, distressed and scattered, among these Everglade Indians in 1891, but later "like sheep without a shepherd," they have been turned over the field to the Protestant Episcopal Church. In 1913 the Creek Baptist Association of left to shift for themselves-without the Bread Oklahoma sent native missionaries to seek their of Life and the consolations of the Christian rebrethren in the Florida swamps. Due to the no- ligion. madic life of these Indians they found it seldom Earl Y. Henderson, Secretary of the Board of possible to get the same group together twice, Indian Commissioners, in a recent report deand it was even difficult to see the same person scribes the area traversed by these groups as folmore than once. They reported four Christians lows: among the Seminoles, three women and one man; The Lincoln Highway running east from Reno passes through the middle of Nevada, a vast and almost uninthey also found that the latter were much opposed habited region of great desert valleys, barren mountain to all strangers, whether Indian or white, partly chains and salt encrusted drY lakes or "sinks." A lone due to their fear of being removed from their mining claim on the side of a rocky hilI, a few bands of homes or having their children taken away to dis- sheep foraging in the sage brush and an occasional jack tant boarding schools. rabbit are the only signs of life seen for miles along this The past unhappy contacts with representatives route. The best known settlements in the center part of this area are Austin and Eureka, famous and prosperous of the white race have unfortunately prejudiced camps when great quantities of silver and other metals the Seminoles against "the white man's Christi- were being mined between 1862 and 1885. These places, anity." The Creek missionaries give this ver- in the old territory of the Shoshones, are now partly sion: "One (white) man came during the hunt- abandoned.

ing season and promised to get white man's price About fifteen years ago I strongly urged that for the otter and alligator hides. He left with the missionary work be undertaken among the Fort hides and has never been seen since. They believe McDermitt group in Humboldt County, 90 miles that 'the man who took their hides and that those north of Winnemucca on the Oregon line. This who bring them in to the 'commercial villages' is an old military reserve, constituting an area at Miami, St. Petersburg and other centers, where of 5,800 acres, of which 3,200 acres are known they are debauched by drink and exploited in vari- as public domain allotments and were obtained in ous ways, are Christians, and so they will not 1895. There are approximately 300 Paiutes in listen to anyone with a Bible." that area. Congregationalists, who at that' time Roy Nash, a special representative of the Com- carried on work at Fort Bidwell (California), missioner of Indian Affairs, made a survey of the Baptists, Episcopalians and Methodists were ap- Florida Seminoles in 1930. With regard to Chris- pealed to but the field still lies fallow and untilled.

tian missions among them he states: "For at Unquestionably the difficulties of missionary occu- least sixty years the waves of organized Christi- pation are great, but some means of extension anity have been lapping on Seminole shores. At work should surely be applied to this area so long the end, as in the beginning, the Seminole stands neglected. The government agent at Carson, who like a Rock of Gibraltar unshaken in pagan exercises a sort of oversight of these groups, be- pride." This investigator, though he gives scant lieves that Sunday school work and kindred activi- consideration to missionary work or its need on ties could be launched among these people by an this field, would perhaps admit that the barriers itinerant missionary with very little trouble as of pride, of race and of language hlight yield to far as the natives are concerned.

friendship and a sympathetic understanding. I In the Pacific Northwest, especially in the am convinced that any missionary who comes to Puget Sound region, one finds additional groups the Seminoles imbued with these qualities, plus a of neglected and unevangelized Indians. As a re- large measure of patience, showing a wise adapta- sult a brand of religion known as Shakerism has

WHERE ARE THE UNEVANGELIZED INDIANS?

found a footing among these tribes and remnants of some sort formerly existed among them, but is of tribes. Indian Shakerism is a peculiar mixture now broken down. of Christian principles and pagan superstition. Shaker rites are exemplified particularly in the Their customs, as well as their mythology, inceremonies attendant on efforts to heal the sick dicate a possible connection with the tribes of and to make converts. Timothy George, an In- Vancouver Island. The Quileute together with the dian rancher, living near Hursum, Washington, Quinaielt, by treaty at Olympia (July 1, 1855, and gives the following version of what the members January 25, 1856), ceded all their lands to the of the Shaker organization do: "We all good In- United States and agreed to remove to a preserve dians. Help one another. When one sick we all to be provided for them in Washington territory. shake his hands. Shake all the time until he gets The tribe has gradually diminished till now it well. No medicine. We also shake hands with numbers but slightly more than 260. They are each other when some one sick. That makes him under the jurisdiction of Neah Bay Agency. well. We take care of family when some one sick. All good Indians." It would seem that either the Methodists from Everson or Tulalip as centers, or the Presbyteri- What might be termed "a recrudescence of pa- ans from Neah Bay, could carryon extension work ganism" among the Indians of the Northwest is among the Quileute as well as other unreached the so-called "Feather Church." This is distinct- Indians in the coastal area. ly an effort, though a feeble one, to stem the tide of waning interest in the old pagan faiths and There remains for brief consideration the great practices. Here the ceremonies and superstitions virile tribe of the Southwest, known as the Navaof a fast passing order are taught and a great jo. Numbering over 40,000 and apparently indeal is made of "sings" and dances. The manifest creasing in population from year to year, these differences in the morals of the Christians and people are known as self-supporting, industrious the Feather Church adherents have been so ap- and independent individualists. They live on a parent that the latter is clearly a travesty on the large reservation, encroaching on four states, but old Indian religion. even though large the reservation cannot contain them all. They roam with their flocks of sheep Characteristic of the Puget Sound groups are and goats over vast uninhabited areas. It is said the Indians known as Quileute. Briefly described, that in the Black Mountain country, near the this is a Chimakuan tribe, now the only represen- southern Utah line, there are Navajoes who have tative of that linguistic stock, whose main seat is never seen a white man. Religiously, the tribe is at Lapush at the mouth of Quillayute River, about spoken of as the "last strong-hold of paganism." thirty-five miles south of Cape Flattery, on the While a number of denominations are represented west coast of Washington. A small division of in the missionary work among the Navajoes, there the tribe, the Hoh, live at the mouth of the river is still great need for camp workers, those who can of the same name, fifteen miles south of Lapush. penetrate to the remote hogans, in the mountain- Since they have been known to the whites the fastnesses. Of recent years efforts have been Quileute have always been few in number, but made to enlist native workers to reach their own being of an independent and war-like disposition people, and with their help an increasing numand occupying an easily defended situation, they ber of the books of the Bible have been translated have successfully resisted all attempts of neigh- into the difficult Navajo language. Rev. F. G. boring tribes to dislodge them. Their most active Mitchell, long a missionary among these people, enemies have been the Makah, of Neah Bay, and speaking of "the romance of evangelizing the until they came under the control of the United Navajo," says: States petty warfare between the two tribes was constant. The Quileute are noted for their skill A number of converts to Christianity, both educated and in pelagic sealing and are the most successful in uneducated, have accompanied workers of the mission on that pursuit of all the tribes of the coast. They deputation work in the churches and in attendance upon are also daring whalers, but have not attained the Presbyterian General Assembly. The testimony of the proficiency of the Makah. Salmon are caught these Christian Indians has both thrilled and gratified the in considerable numbers and constitute an impor- members of the churches as they see the value of their tant article of food. Roots and berries of vari- investment in the missionary work that is being done ous kinds are also much used. Although the among them. woods in their vicinity abound with deer, elk, and bear, the Quileute seemed to have hunted them ******** but little and have confined themselves to a seafaring life. There is evidence that a clan system The above recital indicates that there are still many unevangelized groups of Indians scattered over large and widely separated areas. Further- more, because of their nomadic instincts and wandering habits, the effort to establish perma- nent work among them is beset with many diffi- culties. It has been noted that the slow progress

of Indian evangelization must include not only inal Americans. The first has to do with our obneglected fields but the retrenchment policies ligation as Christians in the face of present and adopted by church boards and causing the loss of ever-challenging opportunities. It may be stated much ground gained by the pioneer workers in the in the following terms, which sums up the past. Thus there has been retrogression on some noblesse oblige of missionary endeavor: fields. Among other retarding influences, at work within the past twenty-five years, has been the It is the obligation that the strong owe to the introduction and use of peyote among the Indians weak, that the educated owe to the ignorant, that of the Middle West. the rich owe to the poor, that the wise owe to the superstitious, that the free owe to those who are In the work of evangelization there are, then, in bondage, and that every Christian owes to the above mentioned hindrances and set-backs, e'ucry non-Christian. peculiar in some respects to the Indian field, but more or less applicable to primitive peoples wher- Furthermore, the Christian churches of Amerever the Church has planted missions. As one ica owe a debt to the Indian which proximity and views the unfinished task it is well to examine into the claims of neighborliness bring. The dischargthe reasons for past failures and to profit by the ing of this debt calls for a constructive program mistakes of yesterday. Difficulties there are to be of advance instead of sporadic efforts and resure, but what are difficulties, for if not to be trenchment policies. It requires vision which adovercome, as Dr. John R. Mott has so often said. mits difficulties, identifies adversaries and over- comes in conquering might. What shall be our After more than twenty years spent in Indian response? Clear and unmistakable must be the missionary work, I desire to emphasize two as- answer. We must enter in and possess the land pects of the missionary effort in behalf of the orig- in Christ's name.

Indian Missionaries to Indians By MRS. MARY M. CRAWFORD, Lapwai, Idaho Missionary 0/ the Board 0/ National Missions, Presbyterian Church, V. S. A.

I N the olden times the Nez Per~e Indians of Mr. and Mrs. Spalding. A mISSIOn was estab- northern Idaho fished and hunted for a liv- lished among the Cayeuse Indians, but in 1847 ing. They managed to subsist in some way, this tribe massacred the Whitmans and eleven or died of hunger, for they were too proud to ac- others. cept rations from the government. They clothed themselves and made their tents from the skins of The Spaldings went on 120 miles up the river animals, living largely on roots and wild berries. and established the mission among the Nez Per~es bringing with them "The Book of Heaven." It was four Nez Per~es who made that memo- Mr. and Mrs. Spalding were alone among a wholly rable journey to St. Louis one hundred years ago heathen people, and in eleven years laid a good in the winter of 1831-1832. They had heard that solid foundation on which the work has been built. there was a God that was true, and that the white men had a book that told how to worship Him. During Mr. Spalding's eleven years' stay (We have their descendants in our churches to- among them, many of the Nez Per~es became day.) They started out from Kamiah, one of Christians and he would often take them with him their most beautiful valleys, with faith in their to preach the Gospel to the surrounding tribes. hearts seeking the "White Man's Book of Thus very early in their Christian lives they be- Heaven." Two died and were buried in St. Louis; gan to share the "good news" with others. Duranother died along the Yellowstone on the home- ing the twenty-four years when they were withward journey. One returned home thinking the out a missionary, this giving of the Word ceased search had been in vain; but he carried one note and they almost lost it-in fact they did lose all of encouragement, for some one had promised to except two of the "great commandments," "Resend a man with the Book. Each year the Nez member the Sabbath day to keep it holy" and Per~es went out on the mountains looking east, ex- "Thou shalt not steal." Mr. Spalding came back pecting the promised messenger. At last in 1836, to the Nez Per~es about 1870, but four years later at the Green River rendezvous, they were over- was taken sick and died. He is buried near the joyed to meet Dr. and Mrs. Marcus Whitman and Indian church which now bears his name.

Miss Sue L. McBeth, who came to the Nez

INDIAN MISSIONARIES TO INDIANS

Per<;es one year before Mr. Spalding's death, be- ership because they can reach their own people in gan the work of training native Christian workers a far better way and more quickly than any white for the churches which were then being organized. person. The Indian knows his own people and In the next twenty years ten Nez Per<;e Indian how to reach their hearts; he knows their temptamen were ordained to the Gospel ministry, taking tions and their sins, and where to strike the blow their places in the presbytery beside the white against them. ministers, with the same rights and privileges. For fifty years McBeth Mission has carried out the A few years ago some of our Nez Per<;es were policy of training an Indian Christian leadership. preaching among the Cheyenne Indians in east- The mission has believed in the Indian and has ern Montana, which is a Mennonite mission. One trusted him, and has trained him for service. night during the service an old medicine man rose up from the back of the church and said, "Oh you With these trained leaders they have not only Nez Per<;es had nothing to give up when you becared for their own six Nez Per<;e churches, but came Christians. Your religious system, meaning have continued the work of giving the Gospel to the old heathen superstition, was not so fine as other tribes. Parties would go out-men, women ours which was given to us by God, and no man and children on their ponies-taking long jour- can take it away." neys over mountains and plain, sometimes without water, except what they carried with them. I asked one of our elders whether it was true They would camp out at night, worshiping morn- that the Cheyenne had what they call a finer reing and evening by the way, going on and on to ligious system, and he said, "Oh, when we wor- Shoshones, Bannocks, Lemhis, Spokanes, Umatil- shiped the sun and the moon it was far worse las and others, preaching everywhere the good heathenism than the Cheyennes ever had." news of salvation through Jesus Christ. But the Indians who knew the old heathenism Later these Indians began to take regular work and had struggled almost to the death to come up in the surrounding tribes and through a period of out of it and leave the old degradation rose up at least ten years the Nez Per<;e ministers filled and condemned the old religion so boldly that the the pulpits of the two churches among the Spo- medicine man was put to silence. kane Indians in eastern Washington. For more than forty years there has been a Nez Per<;e In- Another time when the Nez Per<;es were among dian pastor or assistant pastor among the Umatil- the Crow Indians, where there is a Baptist Mislas in Oregon. sion, an old man rose up in the back seat. A Christian Indian never takes a back seat unless he Some years ago the missionary of the United backslides. This man rose and said, "I have Presbyterian Mission among the Warm Springs known the commandments for many years and Indians in Oregon called for one of the Nez Per<;e have tried to keep them, and now if you can tell ministers to take his place during a leave of ab- me of one that I have broken I will listen to this sence for three years. A Nez Per<;e minister also Gospel you are preaching." One of the Nez did regular work under the Reformed Church Per<;es was on his feet at once and said, "You among the Winnebagoes in Nebraska and among have been breaking the first commandment all the Apaches in New Mexico. The same man your life, because you have been trusting in your worked for some years at Ft. Hall in southern old heathen religion instead of worshiping the Idaho, and another man has had charge of the true God." work there for the last four years. A Nez Per<;e has charge of the mission among the western Sho- The Indian knows where to begin when he deshones at Owyhee, Nevada, and a Makah Indian nounces sin among them. He knows exactly what (trained here) has the work among his own peo- they are doing. It might take a white man sevple at Neah Bay, Washington. A Spokane In- eral years to find out these things. We are comdian was for five years in charge of work among ing more and more to believe if the Indians in the Quinault Indians at Taholah, Washington. general are ever brought to Jesus Christ, it will be when their own people lead them to Him. Besides serving their own six Nez Per<;e churches, and conducting regular work in other The Nez Per<;es are not held up as patterns of tribes, the Indians have gone out to assist mis- godliness, for they are "just folks" with a simple sionaries in holding evangelistic meetings in al- faith in God and His word. The Lord has done most every tribe in the Northwest. A few years much for them, and through them is reaching out ago they had calls from eleven different tribes, to their Red brethren. The Rev. James Hayes, and by dividing their forces they reached nine D. D., perhaps our greatest Indian evangelist, at of these tribes in one year, traveling over five his death in 1928 had reached twenty-five tribes states and working under four denominations. with the Gospel, not only going once but again and again, so anxious was he for the salvation of The McBeth Mission believes in a native lead- Indian people. He had gone to nearly every tribe from the Canadian border to Arizona.

Need for Christian

By the REV. G. WA TERMULDER, Lawrence, Kansas 11:"

Field Secretary for Indian Work, Reformed Church in America I T is not difficult for the Indian to believe in the which she lived, largely Indian, had only one supernatural, as presented in the Christian re- church building. On the first Sunday of every ligion. On the contrary, it is strange to him month a Methodist filled the pulpit; on the second to see an attitude of indifference on the part of Sunday the Southern Baptist; on the third a Sev- his white neighbor; or to hear of a religion of enth-Day Adventist; on the fourth a Holiness mere humanism or cold materialism. As a primi- preacher. She said: "When my sister and I went tive man he has responded remarkably well, some- away to school we felt that we must join some times eagerly, to the teachings of the Gospel as church, so we joined the Presbyterian because it revealed in the "White Man's Book." was one we didn't know anything about! To It is very difficult for him to understand the none of us six children does sectarianism mean differences in our religious faith, the various de- anything at all. I think that is true of most In- nominations and sects, or even the difference be- dians, even those who are most steeped and drilled tween Catholics and Protestants. He sees things in denominational loyalties." Although Mrs.

in the concrete rather than the abstract. He is Bronson's experience is extreme, it can be dupli- constantly saying to Christian workers, "Do we cated in some instances.

not all worship the same God, the same Jesus? There is great need for a united church to face Is not one church as good as another?" The the many Indian problems today. Reservation peyote cult, which has had such a rapid growth life is rapidly disintegrating. The younger gen- and developed such surprising strength, obtained eration is not so much attached to the old mis- much of its impetus from this belief in the uni- sion church because it belongs to a certain denomi- versality of the Christian religion. nation. Indians are interested in the church that It has been a great pity that the Christian re- is helping them, or where they can help them- ligion has come to the American Indian through selves and assume responsibility. The economic many denominations, ofttimes stressing non-es- pressure is terrific and they must stand and fight sential differences and obscuring the vision of it out together, with a united church to furnish Jesus. Notable pioneer missionaries blazed the the strength and inspiration. This era of transi- early trail. We will never forget the names of Ed- tion calls for a unified program where prejudice wards, Brainerd, Eliot, Zeisberger, Penn, Wil- and rivalry have no place; where all can come and liams, Riggs, Williamson, Hare, Whitman, Whip- drink of the one Fountain of Life and can go to ple and many others. The whole country was their homes on their changing reservations, or to their field. In that early period mission boards other settlements and to the cities upheld by di- had not yet been formed as they exist today; nor vine strength, with a vision of the great indwell- had the nation entered upon that period of ex- ing Christ who is adequate to deal with all sin ploitation and greed for land, as it developed later. and all social mal-adjustments.

With the extension of white settlements and the Already much has been accomplished in co- changing location of tribes, denominational ri- operation and unity; and there are heartening valry gradually developed in many sections, signs that greater things will come soon; that we bringing confusion and disruption-the Indians are approaching a new era.

wondering why. In some instances one tribe has The Home Missions Council was organized in a number of missionaries from various denomi- 1908 and was later joined by the Council of nations, while a nearby tribe is still almost desti- Women for Home Missions. The joint Indian tute of Gospel privileges. Committee of these organizations has begun a At the Washington Home Missions Congress in splendid work of cooperation. Unreached tribes 1930, Mrs. Ruth Muskrat Bronson, a Cherokee, have been allocated to various church bodies; sur- gave her own experience. Her father was an veys of fields have been made; conferences of In- hereditary Southern Baptist, her mother a thor- dian workers have been held; directors of reli- oughly converted Methodist. The community in gious education in government schools have been [432 ] appointed; cooperation with the Indian Bureau of out this special organized help, and the religious the government has been encouraged. work depends solely upon the voluntary service of The first American Indian conference, compris- interested government employes, local friends, ing missionaries and workers and board officials and such service as nearby missionaries, already of all denominations engaged in Indian work in overburdened, may be able to render. Yet these the U. S., was held in Wichita, Kansas, in 1919. schools· offer the greatest opportunity for inter- It was a notable gathering. It visualized the en- denominational work at the most crucial period of tire field with all its needs and opportunities, and a student's life, at a time of most tragic social and gave an impetus for detailed studies and for economic changes, when all of life should be inter- larger and better work along real cooperative preted in terms of the teachings of Jesus Christ.

lines. Missionaries to the Indians will never The importance and urgency of this work in cease to thank God for that conference when a be- the schools cannot be overstated.

ginning was made to face the new conditions in We have already passed the pioneering stage a new era. and have reached a period of rapid assimilation.

The twelve regional conferences in 1921-22 held It has been said that "the Indian is the most un- in various sections of the Indian field were of fortunate racial group in this country." Will not equal importance. They brought together work- the Church of Christ in this decade-not the next ers of different denominations in the same or ad- -in this decade, while the opportunity is ours, jacent fields who had never met in conference be- hear the call and give these eager young people fore. Together they discussed the changing con- the spiritual nurture and direction they so much ditions, the awakening of a new race conscious- need as they face the inevitable new order? It is ness and the great task. For some years annual time for earnest consideration of an immediate local conferences also have been held by the mis- problem and a candid and courageous effort to sions of various churches, not only for Bible study meet it.

and spiritual inspiration but also for the study of It is heartening to realize that the Church and local and nation-wide Indian problems. This has the federal government have never visualized the greatly helped to bring more unity in the work, need and the opportunity as clearly as they do developing a spirit of fellowship, comradeship and today. Resolutions must now become actions.

cooperation. The annual Western Oklahoma Con- The North American Home Missions Congress in ference of Indian Missions, the Southwest Bible 1930 gave this cause a great impetus. It defined and Missionary Conference of Indian workers at the objective in these meaningful words: "Our Flagstaff, Arizona, and the Dakota Conference task is pre-eminently spiritual-the bringing of have been the largest and most active. These or- every Indian into allegiance with our Lord and ganizations will again meet in late summer and Saviour for worship and service in His Kingdom, early autumn, affording splendid opportunity for that, with Christians of other races, they may in- the discussion of the changing conditions and terpret and accept the full meaning of His Lor~­ needs and how to adapt our mission program to ship in their lives." In its recommendations, the meet these needs. Congress urged "comity and cooperation in the But beyond all question, the finest piece of co- Indian fields." In connection with the need for operative work for the Protestant church can be religious instruction in the schools it made the done in the reservation and non-reservation gov- challenging statement, "We believe this to be our ernment Indian schools, where thousands of In- greatest single opportunity for advance now open dian boys and girls attend. The government now to our boards in the field of Indian work."

maintains seven large non-reservation boarding The future of the work of the Church for the schools doing high school work, supplemented by American Indian never looked brighter. It is an special vocational, industrial or more advanced era when new objectives will be found-new ad- academic or commercial courses. In these schools justments made and men enlisted who are ade- many tribes are represented, coming from all sec- qu.ately equipped for the work. The words of tions of the United States. At the same time their Professor Steiner have real inspiration: "Chris- religious affiliations represent many different de- tianity has in its spirit the solution of class and nominations. The Home Mission Councils have race problems, but in its practice it is lamentably sent full-time religious work directors to some, far from solving them. He who wishes to enter and part-time work is done in others. Thus much into the fellowship with race or nation with splendid and far-reaching work has been accom- which he lives must free himself from all isolating plished. It is a bright chapter in the cooperative practices. Entrance into such a large human re- work of Indian missions. lationship has to be bought with a price, and the While we rejoice in this achievement, although price is worth paying, for there is scarcely any belated, let it be noted that many schools are with- experience loftier than being one with mankind."

Indian Speaks for

AT THE PARTING OF THE WAYS We have still far to climb, but one day we shall reach the heights of achievement. Hold on to the LN old Apache medicine man, who belonged rope and keep pulling us up to the top of the hill. We need the help of our white brothers, and you ~ to the days when Pimas and Apaches were need ours. Your church, your country, can never enemies, was visiting a Pima camp meet- be a complete success unless you are lifting those who sit in darkness up into the light we begin to ing. He remembered well the days when hatred, see. We are one great family and when we obey jealousy, superstition and fear prevailed, and the great command, "Love thy neighbor as thynaturally he wondered about what he saw on this self," race prejudice and fear will die, peace and visit when Christianity was exterminating the old goodwill shall reign in the hearts of white folks spirit among the Pimas. To his amazement he and of Indians. found himself respected, treated as a brother, and his heart was so stirred that he could not hold By ESAU JOSEPH, Phoenix, Arizona. back what was in it. Through an interpreter he said, "You Pimas have something we do not have. Graduate of Tucson Indian Training School; of U. S. Won't you send one of your Christian young men Indian School, Phoenix; of the Charles H. Cook Bible to tell us what it is?" School; Assistant in the Presbyterian Indian Mission.

So a Pima missionary began work among THROUGH THE EYES OF THE YOUNG Apaches. INDIAN The power of Christ can change the inner life I love to picture St. Paul at Troas where a vision of the Indian from hatred, fear and superstition appeared to him in the night. There stood a man to a feeling of love and goodwill. Much has been saying, "Come over and help us." He immediately done for the Indian's outward life, but not until responded to the request and was led to cross the his inner spirit is touched through contact with Christ will he become loving, kind, gentle, narrow strait and to carry the Gospel from Asia thoughtful, intelligent and industrious. Then his into Europe. He realized that the work of Christ's followers was to bring all men into one spiritual outlook for the future will be bright and hopeful. We stand at the parting of the ways. The old family; that all men should love one another; and trail is ending; before us stretches the white that all should come into the belief of the One Suman's road, which we must travel whether we like it or not. As the Indian looks at the new preme God as He is revealed in Jesus Christ.

road he is troubled, not knowing whether to go The second thing about St. Paul's life was his forward or backward. The young educated Indian is not satisfied with the old methods that eagerness to proclaim the Gospel to all men. His have been followed in the mission church and school; in their primitive social and public life. slogan seemed to be: "Woe is unto me, if I preach He is realizing his own responsibility to help change these conditions. not the Gospel." He had to go through many hard- His greatest handicap is the lack of a trained ships and sufferings but finally he was able to say: native Christian leadership. When they have been to school and go back to their people they "I have fought a good fight, I have finished my often fail because they are not ready to carry responsibility. In school the high qualities of course, I have kept the faith." leadership have not been developed in them The Macedonian cry rings in our ears today and through constantly having to overcome difficulties and accept responsibility. Our Indian churches will always confront the Church. eSxoam~eploef us who often have no definite program for the young peo- hear the call should follow the of the pIe, and because there is no adequate provision for their needs, they go somewhere else in search of Apostle who gave all his devotion and loyalty to what they want. What they find often destroys their character and ideals instead of building extend the rule of Christ among men. This Macethem up. The time has come when our Christian leaders must have adequate education, and when donian cry comes from the American Indians tothe spirit of Christ must be revealed in their lives. day.

The Church of Christ is called to lead the spirit- ually inclined Indians to know and appreciate the love of God. In many places the Church has been a faithful mother to my people and has been a standard of helpfulness to the Indians throughout America. Christian religious education is needed by Indian boys and girls today in the non-reserva- tion government schools. This enterprise should have the support of those who love Christ, and [434 ] who 'f>ray and give that His kingdom may be en- fornia area, the North Pacific area, and the Plalarged. teau area.

Generosity and hospitality, two virtues handed Conditions among the Indians as a whole are down from parents to children, stand out at the decidedly different from what they were a few Indian Christian convocations. The Indians love years ago, since an act of Congress made every to give offerings to support the Church. Now a Indian a citizen of the United States. Many are higher prized treasure has come into his posses- adapting themselves to the general scheme of the sion-the faith by which they are able to know present civilization, but many others are adhering that they have a God to love, neighbors to love, and to old customs and beliefs. a Church to love. The future of one group may not be the future The Ashley House Correspondence School, start- of another; if we consider language, climate, ened in connection with the Ashley House Indian vironment, and the numerous tribal divisions, we Divinity School at Mission, South Dakota, gives are at a loss to state what the Indian's future may courses in the Old Testament, Prayer, Church His- be. Although there are certain marked charactertory, the Harmony of the Gospels, and other sub- istics among the Indian people, the moral and jects. These lessons help my people to read and social influences that surround them have a trestudy about the history and doctrines of the mendous part to play in their future. Church. The attitude of the American public toward the In less than a century we have the Bible, Prayer Indian as a race will have much. to do with his Book and the Dakota Hymnal translated into our future. Some people prey upon the Indian and own language. Other leaflets are being prepared, commercialize his tribal ceremonies and his retranslated and printed and distributed to the peo- ligious rites. Others still adhere to the historic ple. But we are just beginning to create a new conception of the Indian as a race. Lack of inforundertaking which is to have the people do more mation causes them to continue to class the Indian reading and studying about the Church. The early as a curiosity. Others are led by the motion picmissionaries had the same insight. One Bishop tures and Wild West shows to think of the Indian used to say to the young priests who were impa- mainly in his picturesque regalia. tient for notable results, "It took three thousand years to civilize Europe; we can't expect to Chris- Lack of accurate information causes the public tianize the Indians in ten." to overlook the fact that the Indian is human and is subject to all the influences that dominate the In the Indian country "Old things are passed present civilization. Many do not know that the away; behold, all things are become new." Buf- Indian as a race is trying to educate himself to faloes no longer roam the prairie; lakes are not meet and take advantage of modern conditions. teeming with fish as in the former days; fur-bearing animals are more and more scarce as the years The educational policy of the United States will go by. The Indian languages and customs are play an important role as to the Indian's economic gradually dying out, yet in the midst of all these future. The missionary efforts of religious sects changes we have found One who is unchanging will continue to influence his spiritual future and and who has said, "I am the Lord, I change not." his response to Christian teaching will increase We know that Jesus Christ is "the same yesterday, his usefulness as a citizen. today and forever." This is a comfort to us. The Southwestern area seems to be the center Christians in our country can still help the In- of the present Indian problem. In this area the dian people in many ways. We are spiritually in tribes seem to be slow to accept modern standards. need as truly as are the millions in far away India. But as the light of Christianity continues to pene- To supply this need will take time, prayers and trate into the heart of the pagan, the skeptic and money. More Indian young men should be encour- the medicine man a better day will come when the aged to enter the ministry to help others follow Indian as a race will appropriate the higher things the New Trail that leads to God. Then we will of life-economically, socially, and spiritually. all become united in one Great Family, with true faith in one God and love for one another. STEWART LEWIS, Phoenix, Arizona.

By CYRIL C. ROUILLARD, Pierre, South Dakota. Pima Indian; Head of the Printing Department, U. S. Indian School, Phoenix; Elder in Phoenix Indian Presby- terian Church.

THE FUTURE OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN THE HOPE OF THE INDIAN The census of 1930 shows that there are ap- The hope of the Indian in America lies in the proximately 340,000 Indians within the continen- Indian youth of today, who will be the Indian of tal limits of the United States. The geographic tomo.rrow. divisions include the Plains area, the Eastern Woodland area, the Southwestern area, the Cali- Much is being done to help the Indian and to. remedy some of the mistakes made in the past.

Only by building on the foundation of Christ have been in civilization today if the dole system will the Indian youth be able to make good citi- had never been brought to our country. Gradualzens and become the leaders in whatever field they ly this system is being taken away. The future may choose. Indian men and women will work shoulder to shoulder with any other race and earn an honest Our forefathers lived their lives and many were living, as God put us into the world to do. leaders. We are thankful for the heritage we have. The Indian is a natural leader and every Every Indian young man and woman today effort ought to be made today to help cultivate this should have a knowledge of the Word of God and heritage. build his life on this foundation. Only then will our future Indians be a blessing, as all nations The future looks bright for the Indians, and should be. We who are in Christian work should many of our young people are having the oppor- help put this knowledge before them. tunity never before given them. If they fail it will be no reflection on our white friends. We need the cooperation of the Church and the Government to make the future Indian of America The dole system has been the one great draw- a blessing in leadership. back in past years. How much further we would GRACE EASTMAN MOORE, Flandreau, South Dakota.

Some Indian Christian Leaders WILSON WALKER-On a Sunday morning in ary and of a Christian Pima baker who helped April, 1932, the Apaches listened reverently to him to believe that Christianity was good for an their Pima Indian missionary in the stone church Indian. After completing the eighth grade, he at Ft. McDowell, Arizona. "God calls to you," he took two years of training in a Bible school at said, "as to the men of old; go forward where Los Angeles, and then one year in the Phoenix He leads you; do not run away when the task Bible School. Now for twenty years he has been grows hard; trust and hold on." in charge of the Mohave mission church at Parker, Arizona. He helped build, amid the mesquite, the In October, 1917, Wilson Walker had answered first little stick and mud church, and then the the appeal for a young Christian Pima to go as a present neat structure, with grass and trees missionary to the Apaches, the Pimas' old-time around it. He helped develop a spirit of comradeenemies. During the next three years while at- ship among the Christian Indians, resulting in tending the Cook Bible School, he spent week-ends higher ideals, better homes and farms. You could and summer vacations among these Apaches and now guess where the Christians lived, as you drive for twelve years he has been their resident mis- along the reservation roads. Out of this group sionary. have come six Mohave men and women to attend the Cook Bible School, their comrades at home Attendance and membership at the stone church caring for house and farm and .stock. have increased and there has been growth in Christian spirit and service. The Pima mission- Mr. Booth has a fine spirit, genial and patient. ary has won the affection and respect of an alien He is an outstanding influence for good in his tribe. An Apache head-man who tried to keep tribe. He is a ready speaker, a good musician- Christians from getting work, became a Christian able to play organ, piano, cornet, and to lead choir a year later. Another young Indian, swaggering or band. He is frequently invited to help in evanin chaps and spurs and disturbing the meetings, gelistic services among Yumas, Maricopas, became a helper. Mrs. Walker, a Choctaw, ably Apaches. At forty-three, the best years may still supports her husband in church and Sunday lie ahead for him, his Papago wife and eight fine school, in choir and missionary society. She is a children. good musician, and a former student at the Cook Bible School. Ten Apache men and women from GEORGE LOGIE. Ft. McDowell have attended the Bible School and are loyally supporting Mr. Walker, who has made Superintendent of the Charles H. Cook Bible School and good through the stress and strain of fifteen years. Phoenix Indian Mission, 1911-1932. Now his health has broken, and there was anxiety in the Apache stone church and. in the Pima- CAPTAIN JOHN MORONGO was the chief of a Choctaw manse, that April Sunday. small tribe of mission Indians on a southern Cali- fornia reservation. A missionary was looking for RANDALL K. BOOTH-His father was Ku-na-ha, a favorable place to locate a mission under the Mohave medicine man. At Ft. Mohave School, auspices of the Moravian Church and the Women's Randall came under the influence of the mission- National Indian Missionary Society. Forces of

SOME INDIAN CHRISTIAN LEADERS

darkness, ignorance and sin had closed several iug them an account of his life as a Christian promising fields against the entrance of the Gospel and the question of locating on the reservation minister. where Captain John held sway was being considered. It was no easy matter to settle. Many of Last autumn, at the great annual conference of the Indians were suspicious of the newcomers, and many held bigoted prejudices or did not want the Dakota Presbyterian and Congregational Into be disturbed in their lives of sin. gdaitainos~ahlemwinaisstseerl,ecRteedv,. with the veteran Congre- Thomas Riggs, to admin- ister the Sunday morning Communion Service.

Captain John bravely took his stand in inviting the mission to locate on his reservation. Through the rest of his life he stood loyally by his decision. He ruled his people with fairness and common sense, mixed with a generous amount of kindness and appreciation for the higher values of life.

Sunday after Sunday Captain John interpreted the sermon of the missionary so that the older Indians could understand. He had not taken his stand as a Christian but was willing to help bring whatever was good to his people. One Sunday, after the interpretation, he continued to' speak in an earnest way and was followed closely by members of the congregation both young and old. After the service the missionary asked Captain John what he had said after the sermon. "I just told them," he replied, "that I had decided to be a Christian and would look to God to help me live as a Christian man." For the rest of his life Captain John showed that he meant every word. In the midst of carelessness, ignorance, sin, prejudice and unfairness he was a splendid example of Christian fidelity.

G. F. WEINLAND.

The REV. JOSEPH ROGERS, an honorably retired but still active Christian ' worker for Christ, is seen, with his faithful wife, at all important meetings of the Dakota Indian Presbytery. He wears the Presbyterian National Board's button for long service, which represents forty-two years of consecrated ministry.

Joseph Rogers is a man of vigorous character, REV. AND MRS. JOSEPH ROGERS, FOR 42 YEARS A and has exhibited qualities of leadership in a CHRISTIAN MINISTER marked degree. Fearless in expressing his opinions, he follows what he believes to be right lines Last sum~er he took a prominent part in the of conduct, regardless of opposition. He is a "sil- Y. M. C. A. Conference held at Pine Ridge and on ver-tongued orator" and can tell stories with won- this occasion the Dakotas honored Mr. and Mrs. derful effect. As an advocate of temperance he Rogers by congratulatory speeches and songs. has been unusually active, persuading his people Passing before them, the delegates dropped flowto take the pledge and urging them to faithfulness. ers in the laps of the pastor and his wife-a touch- ing tribute of affection and appreciation of their Although he uses little English, he has fre- long years of faithful service. They have a warm quently been called upon by white people to con- place in all hearts and wield an immense influduct funerals in their families in the sparsely set- ence for righteousness among the Dakota people. tled communities in Montana. At one time, when returning from Montana, the train was stalled The REV. JOSEPH EAGLE HAWK, as a Dakota and the passengers passed the time singing and boy, fled from the scene of the Custer Battle, telling stories. Finally Mr. Rogers was asked to give an Indian war-song; but he responded by producing his Testament and hymn book and by givthat most memorable and tragic encounter be- worthy and progressive citizen. Yet he has held tween Indians and white people. His band of to the best in Dakota national life, voicing stren- Dakotas took him to Canada and after some years uous protest against giving up the use of the Dahe returned to what is now Pine Ridge Reserva- kota language in the church services. He realized tion. that the Dakotas, like all other peoples, could wor- ship best through the medium of their mother Under missionary influence he became a Chris- tongue. tian, taking the name of Joseph; was a charter member of Makasan church and was elected elder. The confidence of his fellow tribesmen was Before this he cut off his long hair, a badge of evinced by the fact that nine times they selected heathenism. PARSON MNrANIC OF THE In the hostile camp of Sitting Bull's people he CAYUSE TRIBE helped the missionary, the Rev. A. F. Johnson, to create the nucleus of Makizita church in which him to go as lay commissioner to the General Assons of leaders on the warpath became officers. sembly. As deacon, elder, and lay missionary his influence has been widespread. On the National Later, an opening for missionary work present- Missions' Committees, of which for many years he ed itself in the camp of Chief Tasunkekokipapi was a member, and in all missionary projects for (Not-afraid-of-his-horses), and he and his good which money has been needed, he has always been wife, Agnes, were selected as native workers for a most persistent and persevering leader. The conthat important field. He helped the missionary to gregation of the fine brick church of Yankton construct a log church and manse. The salary Agency owes much to his untiring efforts in helpwas small and discouragements many but when ing to raise over $10,000 for the edifice. the chieftainship fell to him, he resisted the worldly temptation and said to Mr. Johnson, LOUISE A. JOHNSON. "Cinye (brother), I would rather work for Christ Missionary of the Board of National Missions Presbythan be chief." terian Church, U. S. A., at Mitchell, South Dakota.

Joseph's religion is part of his daily living. Sundays found him preaching in the log church, holding his audiences spell-bound by his graphic pictures of Bible events and the application to their lives. On week-days he successfully cared for his stock, his farm and his garden. His neat home is adorned with flowers. Always progressive, he helped his people raise money towards a new church by sacrificial gifts, sales of their handiwork, suppers and entertainments.

Joseph, kind and sympathetic, loves children. He was ordained in 1930. When he was selected by presbytery as the only pastor competent to minister to a congregation afflicted with serious divisions, his people were unanimous against his removal. "He has been a father to us," they said. "We love him and cannot get on without him. Do not take him from us."

A neat, frame church now standing beside the old log building is "A memorial to Joseph Eagle Hawk." To the leadership of noble men like Joseph, the Church can safely trust the future of her Indian youth.

PETER ST. PIERRE was a Sioux Indian of understanding.

Recently he was suddenly taken from us by an automobile accident, but his influence will go on, bearing fruit to the glory of God. His name stands for the trust of Dakotas seeking his counsel, and the confidence of white missionaries consulting him about their many difficult problems.

In many ways he has hastened advancement among his people and he proved himself a trust-

Ways of

'Tested' Methods for Increasing Interest at Home s. EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO SUMMER CATERING (2) The story of Betsy Ross' tributes; gave the One-thou- sandth Psalm (by Edward The skilled dietitian modifies flag. (3) The story of Old Everett Hale) and offered a her menus according to the sea- prayer of thanksgiving. Muson: likewise, missionary or- Glory. (4) Changes in the flag sical features were the singing ganizations which run their of "This is My Father's World," meetings through the out-of- –1795-1818. (5) When our "Trees" and "A Garden." doors period of the year will "Some Seeds Sown in Our do well to introduce more rel- state (local) was added to the Reading Books" proved to be ishes, "greens" and appetite- flag. (6) Home Missions the reviews of seven books on the whetters than usual in their highest patriotism. This last, required reading list, the high programs. A few suggestions which is the main theme, may lights only being given. The gathered from here and there well be based on the study closing prayer was for special may prove timely, book, "The C hall eng e of guidance during the summer Change." Intersperse with mu- months. Each person received Wherever possible, out-door sic and brighten with costume as a favor a tiny card bearing gatherings are recommended, if desired. on one side a painting of a not only for hygienic reasons basket of forget-me-nots and but also for added attraction An Out – of – Door Garden on the other a plea for prayer and effectiveness. Party is always attractive. for the program committee as From reliable sources, like THE it plans the work for the com- Devotionals for Summer REVIEW and your denomina- ing year. Services tional missionary magazines, collect a variety of informa- Either of the foregoing gar- Use Psalms of the Out-of- tion. Type a series of questions den suggestions may be used doors, Friendships of the Bible, to which the facts will be the indoors, at any season of the Mountains of the Bible, Christ answers, the facts themselves year, the enjoyment of a preby the Lake and by the Sea- being on separate cards or slips tended garden party in winter side, Down – to – date Fishing, of paper. Pin all the slips being second only to the real Trees and Flowers, or Birds around promiscuously on trees thing. and Animals of the Bible, Fol- and bushes. At a given signal, lowing Christ through the turn the company loose among NEW TECHNIQUE FOR Fields and the By-Paths, Great them, a missionary book or Days by the Sea, Parables of magazine subscription being PROGRAM-BUILDERS Nature, The Bible an Anchor the prize for the one who to the Storm-Tossed, Lessons secures the most correct an- When your committee meets on Growth. Citations for the swers within the time limits. to arrange the schedule for the foregoing are surely unneces- This may be worked out in year's work, whether it be sary to readers of THE REVIEW. teams of two. At a picnic, the among juniors or seniors, have development might be carried as many sheets of blank paper Seasonable Appetizers still further with an ensuing as you expect to have meetings. camp fire on the fagot plan, Put the dates for the meetings A simple patriotic luncheon, with one continuous story re- at the tops of the respective either as an indoor or a picnic layed or short ones told while sheets. Then talk things over, feature, is appropriate for a individual fagots are burning. letting each person fill in her summer meeting, especially in sheet with the data decided July. But be sure to give it a At the Peddie Memorial upon, such as places of meetmissionary focus. Decorations, Church, Newark, New Jersey, ing, hostesses, leaders, big music and menus easily suggest a program was given in the events and celebrations, feathemselves. Topics for toasts garden of one of the members. tures you have decided upon or program talks (material The chairman was introduced stressing in the year's work, easily obtainable in any public as the Head Gardener and she etc. Discrepancies, clashes in library): (1) When is Flag directed the ensuing features.' dates, faulty distribution of Day and how did it originate? She read a song of praise call- ing upon "fruitful trees and all cedars" to render their [439 ]

features, failures to conserve ings don't just happen. They and the like. The Christian the values of calendar events are the logical outgrowth of Church over against this sets (such as February for patri- much prayer, pains and plan- the spirit of Christ. Upon the otic programs), lack of coop- ning. shoulders of the minister rests eration in the plans of the the responsibility for arousing pastor for the whole church, FOR A MISSIONARY-MINDED etc., are more likely to show PASTOR his people to understand and up in the hands of the several to' oppose secularism. If they committee members than if one By ROBERT LEONARD TUCKER, person were writing the sched- Ph.D. cannot be made to see this isule. And the plan also dis- sue no amount of aesthetics tributes responsibility. The Pastor of Indianola Methodist or prestige will save the secretary may organize the Church, Columbus, Ohio church. If the minister can make his people understand whole and prepare it for the A college professor received what this secularism is about, printer later. a copy of the first publication then nothing can persuade which a former student of them against a hearty support A fundamental point in all near-ordinary a b i lit y had of missions. They will plainly such planning should be to de- mailed to him. With a fine invelop the resources of your or- sight into life he acknowledged see that secularism is worldganization by getting as many the gift and said: "The older wide. The first privilege of a people on the program as pos- I grow the more I marvel at minister is to say to his people: the ability of some seed well "What shall it profit Smithsible within the time limits. A sown to burst forth and even- ville if it save every last inone-woman or girl society,' with tually to bear much fruit." The habitant from the blight of sec- missionary enterprise in the ularism and lose the whole of one brain weaving all the plans Christian Church suffers today the Church with its three hunand managing several gifted because certain germinal ideas dred millions?" Strange to say members to carry them out are not being planted in the there are brains enough in may make for brilliant pro- soil of the human mind and grams but eventuates in a par- nurtured so as to bear fruit. Smithville to understand what asitic organization with train- Indeed the missionary enter- this means if the minister will ing for leadership sacrificed on prise is not something set apart only take time to state the isthe altar of that one woman's from the rest of the program efficiency. Distribute responsi- of the Christian life. It is a nor- sue. mal expression of the very bility for the music, the decora- genius and spirit of the The idea of democracy is tions, the news items, the post- Church. riding heavy seas these days. ers, the invitations, the refresh- The forces which prevent the Fascism is against democracy. ments, even at the risk of pastor from projec~ing an ef- In Japan such life as there was lowered efficiency "in the short fective missionary program in in the body of democracy is run." Needless to say, natural his church are the identical being ruthlessly squeezed out endowments must be considered forces which would prevent his by .a group of militarists who in such a regime. The main projecting any church at all, if talks or addresses should be they had their sway. "Secu- at present will brook no interassigned to those able to make larism"-so the Jerusalem Con- ference. In China a neck-andthem effective. It may prove to ference felt-is the arch enemy neck race is taking place bebe constitutional to some very of the Christian religion today. tween democracy and commuefficient workers in other lines It is one of the supreme foes nism. Democracy has lost in to turn a rose garden into a of the missionary program. It Russia. It now begins to look miniature Sahara, if asked to expresses itself in politics by as if it might lose in China; present the program topics. setting a ranting sort of na- and if it is lost it will not be But every person with average tionalism over a g a ins t a regained in a century. Democ- thoughtful type of international racy, as expressing itself sense has some line of service cooperation. In economics it through race consciousness, is to which she may most profit- expresses itself in the lust for very restless in Africa, in India ably be assigned. Suggestions power and greed so characterfor observance of special oc- istic of our present order. In and other parts of the world. casions and presentation of out- science it is revealed in the In a peculiar sense, Jesus was standing features will be given provincial-mindedness w hie h the world's greatest democrat. in this department in ensuing declares that is most real which Only as men can be made to issues. But get busy with your can be seen with the eyes and see in Him some .spiritualized preliminary and general plans handled with the hands. In relong before the time for ac- ligion it is revealed mostly form of democracy and brothtivating them; and keep eyes through negatives that deftly erhood is there any hope for eliminate God, love, altruism the future. His convictions of and ears open all summer for brotherhood have been found suggestions as to the ways in valid. But if democracy is re- jected by the world outside of which others are making your the United States, none could line more efficient. Good meet- be so vain as to believe it would survive in this land of

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

ours. Let this issue be plainly this germinal idea will bear in our own era-when a church stated by the pastor and the fruit. It will require courage actually. believes this, the day time will come when his con- to discuss plainly the crass gregation will see that mis- greed characteristic of so much for missions has dawned in sions are essential in Anglo- American business which has that church. Saxon life to preserve its civi- been taken to the Orient. The lization from retrogression. One social Gospel is not popular Thus the missionary spirit cannot have democracy go with the rank and file of the does not depend on any single down in the Orient and have Church. But if the minister activity in any church. Nor it thrive in the Occident. Let does not cooperate with the should it be made to rest upon the minister make it clear that missionary to bring sanity to a lot of clever enterprises, dethe support of missions is es- the world, the hour will strike vices and schemes to arouse a sential for the perpetuation of when "chickens come home to flagging interest. For years such spiritual values as reside roost." in democracy, and the money these stunts have been experifor missions will be forthcom- One Lone Sermon mented with in the local church· in the face of a declining mising. The missionary program de- sionary interest. They have in- pends upon making the knowl- terested participants for the At first sight there might edge of the world situation time being, after which they prevalent throughout a church. have gone their way. To be seem to be no relationship be- One lone missionary sermon tween missions and a Christian each 'year will not serve. For a interested in a thing does not social order. But these issues pastor to understand the needs mean that one is convinced that of the Kingdom in his own the situation is desperate and stand or fall together. If wom- church or in his own denomina- that Christ is utterly necessary. en and girls work in a Chinese tion is not enough. The ac- But when the facts are borne hair net factory for a mere quaintance of the Christian should be as wide as the in- home week after week, when pittance, hair nets will be sold terests of the human race. Upon the Gospel is declared and disso cheaply that western maid- seeing the needs of the world cussed in terms as wide and ens cannot compete with them. it will gradually become clear deep as the cataclysmal hap- If the tariff wall be raised so that the old racial religions penings of this century, then as to keep such hair nets out simply cannot meet the deof the country all sorts of bit- demands of the hour. The pre- the very need of people and terness will result. Tariff set- sentiment that these faiths can- the capacity of Christ to meet tles nothing permanently. I do not. help China, India, Africa these needs will persuade or others will ripen into a con- thoughtful Christians of the not see how in America we can viction. The statement that moral imperative for them to hope to conduct commerce and people in non-Christian lands industry upon a reasonably re- are getting along pretty well share Christ. They will see as will be seen to be untrue. The an inevitable truth that one warding basis for fair wages conviction will grow that "no- who does not share Christ when in other parts of the body at any time or in any loses, and that if one does world social injustices are the place can ever get along com- share Christ, enthusiastic and order of the day. We cannot fortably without Jesus Christ." sacrificial giving to missions is escape the African and Chinese inevitable. diseases that result from pov- Now when, through sermons erty and ignorance when inter- from week to week, through a Well am I acquainted with communication is so intimate. carefully supervised curriculum the fact that there is little If the industrial mind estab- in the church school, through glory and much discipline in the mid-week devotional serv- any church when its parson lishes business in South Africa ice, through the discussions or Shanghai rather than in which take place in organized sets out to try to persuade his adult classes, the facts are people to rethink the Gospel New York or St. Louis because known, it will dawn upon the in terms that are world-wideit can be conducted more minds of people in local to make men see that the world .cheaply in the former, one can- churches that so great are the is utterly lost without a Christ needs that nobody except Jesus who can be shared with those not see how the citizen of Christ can meet them. When America is benefited. Yet the any church can thus be made in need. But this vision must missionary i~ the only vehicle to see that Christ is inescap"' mark the renaissance of a miswhich the Christians of the able, that without him we drift sionary spirit which is abiding western world have to convey into chaos· and that with him the tidings of a just social new life may actually begin and will never flag. The method order to the eastern world. is slow but it is sure. It obliges Surely the present world-wide this provincial – mindedness depression must impress the which afflicts American Chris- tianity to flee away. In its dullest mind that we all sink or stead it plants the mind of rise together. Let the pastor master the details and present Christ. Without him we can do this fact to his people and, as nothing. With him-and this the weeks pass, the sowing of must be an actual conviction- we "can do all things."

OUR HOME MISSION STUDY An Indian Peace Pow-Wow brave rises unannounced and TOPIC Invitations, given out on breaks into suitable music. Sunday previous to the meet- Close the program with earnest While it may be aesthetically ing : Yellow cardboard paddles prayer that all God's childrenattractive to build programs on which is inscribed, "Paddle white and red-shall unite to featuring tribal dances and your own canoe to the pow- bring peace upon earth and coother primitive, non-Christian wow at (place, date and hour). operative action to extend His customs, it is of doubtful Bring present for papoose" (if Kingdom among those of all spiritual value to stress such a shower for some missionary races. points of differentiation in an object is desired). era when our aim is to develop VISUALIZING WOMAN'S C h r i s t ian cooperation and Luncheon (optional): Serve unity of spiritual purpose. As on tables covered with brown WORK a recent writer says: paper or imitation of birch bark, the decorations being An attractive and instructive Our missionary task among the In- small tepees, lakes and deer. tea was given by the auxiliary dians is preeminently spiritual, to Food served in wooden butter of the Clark Street Methodist bring every Indian in those fields for boats. The menu may consist Episcopal Church in Toledo rewhich we have accepted responsibility of buffalo meat (beef cut in cently. The reception room into allegiance with our Lord and cubes, with gravy), baked represented the office of the Savior for worship and service in squash, corn bread or parched Woman's Home Missionary So- His Kingdom, that with Christians of corn, fruit. ciety,' with typewriters and other races they may interpret and other equipment. Here the accept the full meaning of his Lord- ship in their lives. The latest devel- Program: Repairing to the hostess, assisted by the comopment in work among the Indians is assembly room, the guests are mittee, received the guests and the effort to secure full cooperation seated in chairs arranged in explained the purposes and among all the agencies working semi-circles facing a tepee con- aims of the Society.

among the Indians-health, educa- tion, industrial, agricultural and re- structed of poles and blan- Next the guests were ushered ligious-to minister to the total need kets; in front a camp fire made into a room where they were with a red electric bulb placed instructed in the work of the of the Indian. The younger genera- under a pile of twigs or fagots. training school for missionaries and deaconesses. Pictures of tion is being educated, some in the In each chair has been laid a the school and outlines of the government boarding schools and brown paper canoe (cut in same were given. A working some in local day schools. The gov- canoe-outline and pen-sketched) deaconess and a graduate of opening like a book, with eight ernment theory of education is that as far as possible they should receive their education in company with white people.

The best Indian music fur- white canoe-shaped pages in- the school helped make this nishes desirable atmosphere side . containing the program. phase more interesting. and may well serve as background material. In addition to This serves as a charming The next room was devoted familiar songs arranged by souvenir of the meeting. Then to the schools and homes of to soft Indian music all pro- the Society, and was ably pregood composers, * "The Ameri- gram participants enter and sented by a former teacher of one of the Negro schools. can Indians and Their Music," seat themselves Indian-fashion by Frances Densmore (price about the camp fire. (Camp Following this came the hos- $2.50 in cloth) will be found fire girls' costumes are obtain- pital and nursery departments excellent. "Women of Trail and which were demonstrated by Wigwam," by Flora W. Sey- able in most communities, or, two trained nurses in uniform, mour ($1.00 in paper), affords lacking these, the garments who explained the work while valuable program material. may be easily fashioned from ministering to their charges. brown cloth beaded or fringed The flexible framework for The handwork of students an Indian program among as desired.) The devotionals from one of the schools was young people or in women's so- may be on "The Indian Gold- next examined, and it deserved cieties is furnished by one of en Rule"-Matt. 6 :12-with great praise, especially as peoour contributors. If used by the solemn question, "Have we ple of foreign birth had partici- done unto the Indians as we would have them do unto us?" the former, it would lend itself Then should follow a series of pated in the exhibit.

readily to a presentation of the brief, pointed talks by an op- A prettily appointed tea study book, "Indian Ameri- tional number of Indian im- table was presided over by a cans," by Winifred Hulbert. personators who pass an in- group of hostesses in still an- This book being an expression cense-filled peace pipe from one other room, and here an inof the thought and aspirations to another as in an actual pow- formal reception completed a of the young Indians of many wow, using the subject matter delightful afternoon. Thus the tribes. The title might well be: of whatever study book is phases of work carried on by • Send to your denominational literature under consideration. From time the Society were presented in headquarters for either of the above volumes. to time, an Indian maiden or a practical manner.

Through Eye-Gate 6. "Change course" when traveling And here is a Presbyterian if by so doing you can help to carry a device: The Secretary of Lit- The poster for the meeting burden too heavy for another. (Gal. erature in a local woman's so- (first used in the vestibule as 6:2.) ciety selected five women each an advertisement, then placed of whom prepared herself to at the front near the leader's 7. "Stop! Look! Listen!" Stop give some item or tell some desk during the opening serv- while there is yet time. Look care- story from the magazine to be ice) may well be a large rail- fully at your road map. Keep it al- presented. None but those in road crossing sign inscribed: ways by you. Listen to your con- the secret had been informed "Stop! Look! Listen!" Have science. Ask God to guide and guard what the program was to be, four lesser signs like those used you. (Ps. 25 :4.) the secretary merely asking if as guide posts, holding up the anyone present had a letter to appropriate one at each of the SECURING MAGAZINE read or a story to tell, whereitalicized phrases given below. upon, one after another, the These may be cut from card- SUBSCRIPTIONS women previously primed rose board and mounted on a and gave their subject matter. slender standard with supports Since the presentation of After each item, the secretary of its own, or be held in the "Madame Missionary Review," asked, "Where did you read leader's hand. But they will be in the April number of THE that, if I may ask?" the replies more impressive if lined up on REVIEW, we have received sev- all being in terms of the pubtable or platform as used. eral other excellent plans for lication majored. adding to the list of regular The theme for the devotional readers. These are well worth AN OLD INDIAN WOMAN talk is "The Bible," whose activating. The best thing you presence in the leader's hand can do to accelerate the mis- By LOUISE A. JOHNSON, Mitchell, So. is its own illustration as she sionary pace of your church is Dakota, Missionary to the Indians. speaks somewhat as follows: to get good monthly publica- tions. Your own denomination- Daughter, she, of chieftains proud; The Bible is the road map' whose al magazines need to be supple- Wooed by all with praises loud directions all travelers would do well mented with one furnishing the For her beauty and her grace. to heed. Weare promised safety and unlimited world view. In this Princess, she, of noble face, security if we follow its sign posts THE REVIEW is unique. Many braves her favor sought, along the way-if we stop, look and But her hand could not be bought. listen where danger lies in wait for The following Methodist device It, to him, should given be, us or where a clear view is difficult. is well recommended: A dinner Who showed most of bravery. Careful instructions mark the way to was served. All guests who the Father's house so that even were already subscribers to the One there was, a warrior tall through dark places one may expect magazine being promoted had Whom she loved the best of all. to arrive safely. Seven points of tiny keys pinned on them as Wooed he her with silent glance, caution should be given careful con- they entered the door. This Oft they met, as if by chance. sideration. was to awaken the curiosity of In the dance his stealthy tread others. At the close of the All the other dancers led. 1. "Slow down" upon approacking dinner a special song composed On the hunt for buffalo an important decision. Lift your for the occasion was rendered; He was always first to go. heart to the Father for the light that then the leader arose and hold- Or, when war-cries echoed shrill, never faileth. (Here read John ing up a key explained that He was foremost o'er the hill. 16 :13.) the magazine was a key to both interest and information. Sev- But the years have sped away 2. "Slow down" when we meet eral persons dressed in the Leaving her old and bent and grey. thQse of less Christian experience costumes of the countries con- Now the road with iron rail than we have had. We do not know cerned appeared and told in an Where was once the blood-stained whether they have been taught to interesting way the main drive well or steer their lives into points of articles in a recent trail. safe roadways in an emergency. (1 number of the publication deal- And the country all is changed Cor. 8:11.) ing with those countries. Next, White men's homes where Sioux once two persons displayed a copy 3. "Slow down" when approaching of the magazine with its pages ranged! parked lives which seem to have been pasted together end to end, to Now her children's children go stranded. Perhaps God led you that show how much the subscriber To be taught by the white foe. way on purpose to give you an oppor- got for his money. Representa- To the white man's God they praytunity for service. (Dan. 12:3.) tives of the magazine dressed She has never learned the way. in crepe paper costumes lib- She must potter round and work, 4. Come to a standstill ("Stop" erally decorated with pages of Doing what the others shirk; sign) when drawing near pedes- its contents took subscriptions trians, especially little children or from the audience, pinning on Bring the wood, and water haul, aged t1·a1!elers. Do not seek the each new subscriber a symbol- (Clad in faded gown and shawl,) right of way if it would injure or ical key from a pile ready to Make the fires, stir the soup. cripple anyone in his spiritual life. hand on the table. Others rest, but she must stoop (Roms. 15:1.) O'er the kettle, keep it hot, Eat the dregs left in the pot. 5. "Look out" for the unexpected entrance of temptation into your life. In a corner she may lie Some person, hurrying recklessly Crooning of the life gone by. along life's highway may scatter ob- Late I saw her on the road stacles that will surely wreck a trav- Bending neath a heavy load. eler who is not on his guard. (James Just a woman, old and grey, 1 :12.) Trudging, lonely, on her way.

~'I~===~=====""",,,=~

BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK RESEARCH IN AN INDIAN Of more general interest know the Dakota language but should be the human side of who know phonetics. LANGUAGE my work. It was first neces- sary to get an abundance of My people have excellent By ELLA CARA DELORIA text out of which enough ex- memories. They speak a sen- amples could be assembled to tence and then smoke quietly Miss Deloria is the daughter of a establish each grammatical while I type it; then they will tribal chief who became an Episcop.al rule. So I spent three winters pick up the thought where they clergyman in charge of work on a on the reservation, recording left off with the correct transi- large reservation for forty years. phonetically everything I heard tional word or idiom. I have She has a degree from Columbia -myth or true story, discus- yet to hear an informant say, University, was on the staff of the sion or joke or song. Because "Let me see, what was I say- National Board of the Y. W. C. A. I am r~lated to everyone in the ing last?" for three years, taught at Haskell In- stitute, and for four years has been ELLA CARA DELORIA IN INDIAN DRESS Occasionally something en- working partly under the Department tirely new has to be explained of Anthropology of Columbia Univer- tribe, through the Dakota sys- to me. In the main, though, I sity and partly under the Research tem of social kinships, informa-:- know at least something about Council in American Languages. tion was readily given. every subject that comes up. When, as a child, I lived at the Under the able direction of I always record on a type- Standing Rock Episcopal Mis- Dr. Franz Boas, head of An- writer, taking down each sen- sion where my father was thropology in Columbia Uni- tence as it is spoken, later add- priest in charge for many versity, I am doing research ing with a pen the accents and years, I spent all my waking in the Teton-Dakota language, numerous other marks neces- hours in the camp where the which I have used concurrently sary to give phonetic values to people came together for the with English all my life. the consonants. This is for the week-end to draw their govern- benefit of students who do not ment rations on Friday, visit Because it represents my with their mission school chilcare-free, play age, Dakota has dren on Saturday, and attend ever held my affection. Now services on Sunday. Happy that I am discovering daily days for grownups and chilsome definite underlying rule dren alike! I ran races and which governs its grammar, so climbed trees or played a Daneatly that we observe it re- kota dramatic game, "Why did ligiously in our speech while you kill my dog?" with as ignorant of its existence, I am much vim as the other children. coming to admire and respect But I used to leave any game Dakota as well. And to be to listen when the men sat amazed by it! To think that down on the grass to smoke this homely and natural tongue, and tell tales of war and the to which I used to turn for hunt. I joined anybody's campcomfort whenever Latin sub- fire to hear some grandmother junctives or English "shalls" relate .the tribal myths that and "wills" got too perplexing, could be told "only after sunhad its share of rules too! Un- down." I did not know then written, to be sure, yet func- why those stories always attioning in the speech of an un- tracted me, but I think now lettered people all of whom, that it was so that I could rediscounting children and indi- cord them for anthropology viduals of mental abnormality, and study their grammar later. speak grammatically correct, unconscious of why. A paper, My friends sometimes ask, pointing out newly-found rules "Why record a language that is of which Dr. Boas and I are dying out so rapidly? Now all the authors, will shortly appear in the International Journ,al of American Linguistics.

[444 ]

BULLETIN OF COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSION

Indians are learning English." JULIA GIVEN HUNT their circle and there they My answer lies in their question, "Because it is dying out By HARRIET ROGERS KING knelt down and prayed that so rapidly." If we are to know anything about pre-historic Here is sketched the victorious life God might put an end to this America, we can only do it story of Julia Given Hunt, a Kiowa through those things that sur- Indian. Mrs. King is well fitted to evil. The young men. who unvive-ruins, mounds, arrow- tell the tale as she herself has lived heads, bits of pottery, yes, and and worked among the Kiowas for derstood English were ashamed bits of language; it is the only several years as the wife of the minway to enter into the thinking, ister at Rainy Mountain Baptist and one by one crept from the ideals, customs and beliefs of Church. the people closest to that dark tent. So the prayers of these age. At the death of their father, Satanka, Chief of the Kiowa, women did much to drive Dakota, commonly called the Buckskin, the warrior's son Sioux language, is an impor- and a little daughter, Odeleta- gambling out of the tribe. The tant member of the language di or "Spliced Hair," were stock known as Siouan. Al- adopted by a young govern- old Ghost Dance, too, was though a Dakotan cannot under- ment physician and given the stand the speech of one of the names of Joshua and Julia. largely given up through the cognate language tribes, mor- Later Joshua was sent to the phologically the languages are school in Carlisle, Pennsyl- untiring efforts of the two closely related. A complete an- vania, while Julia stayed in the alysis of Dakota would furnish home of her aunt, Mrs. Stumb- white women, with Julia Given valuable comparative data to a ling Bear. But Joshua remem- at their side. . student undertaking research bered his sister and soon sent into any of the others. Some for her that she might be sur- It was not all smooth sailing, of these cognates are spoken rounded by the fine educational however, for the Kiowas were by such tribes as the Omaha, and cultural advantages of the intensely suspicious of Julia, Winnebago, Oto, Kaw and the East. Julia became so expert believing that she was in league Biloxi in Mississippi, and the at cooking, sewing, washing, with the government in an at- Crow. They too are Sioux, and ironing and other household tempt to bring about the allotto think how we used to fight arts that she went by request ment of land, up to this time them! In those days, and in to aNew Jersey home where held as one large reservation. ignorance, did we kill our she soon forgot all the old In- Yet Julia never wavered. Her brothers or at least our cousins dian ways and lived as a white days were made beautiful by -and they killed us. girl, surrounded by beauty and con tin u e d service as she culture. She wore next to her traveled on horseback from I cannot close without paying heart a little silver cross which camp to camp, teaching the Ina tribute to those faithful mis- showed that the daughter of a sionaries, Riggs and William- chief was now a daughter of dian women how to make real son of the American Board, the King as well. homes, interpreting to the Kioand Dorsey, Cleveland and was not only the words of the Ashley of the E pis cop a I In 1893 Julia came back to missionaries but .their thoughts Church, scholars as well as the great plains of Oklahoma as well, teaching the white messengers of Christ, who took and, with two earnest missionthe time to make the first rec- aries of the Woman's Ameri- women words of the Kiowa ords in dictionary, texts, and can Baptist Home Mission So- language, and helping to transtranslations of the Bible, and ciety, lived in a little house the Book of Common Prayer. near the Big Tree Crossing. late a part of the New Testa- The results of their labor, un- The missionaries had· neither ment into the Indian tongue. dertaken in a day when the wagons nor harness and rode Best of all she lived Christ so language was undoubtedly in a horseback from camp to camp, consistently that she herself purer and richer state, provide telling the story of Jesus. Care- was the best interpretation to source materials of value for fully and patiently Julia began her fellow Indians of what it any study we make today. translating many Scripture means for the daughter of a verses into Kiowa so that the warrior chief to become the .,. .,. .,. Indians might "hide them in daughter of the Saviour King; their hearts." She put into their AN ALASKAN INDIAN RULE own tongue also the hymn Julia Given inspired many to "Come to Jesus," and how their Luxuries for none until there faces shone as they sang it. turn from the old path of sin are necessities for .all. The K i 0 was were great to join the pilgrims on the gamblers at this time, and the missionaries did not hesitate to Jesus Road. Among those who walk boldly into the midst of left the old way was a young Kiowa Indian named George Hunt, a bright, enterprising young man with a good educa- tion, who loved this young woman with the Christ love in her heart. And so Julia Given changed her name once more and became Julia Hunt. Into the new home she carried the strength, love and beauty which had characterized her work as Christian Interpreter. Theirs was one of the happiest of Ki- owa homes, a shining picture

for the many Indians who church, the little girl receiving from some old student telling visited it on business when the the name of Margaret. After about his success or failure and husband was engaged as Indi- a while, she fell in love with asking for advice and en- an farmer for the Government. the son of the first ordained couragement.

Many changes came to the minister among the Dakota Their children all went to tribe and to the little church of people. His father was named our mission school at Santee. which Julia was a faithful Ehnamani, which means Walks The eldest son, George, went on member so many years. From Amongst, for he was a tall man to Hampton, Virginia, which in a small group this church grew who walked among his people to a membership of two hun- like a chief. The young man re- those days took Indian as well dred and thirty-eight. Mrs. ceived the name of Francis and as Negro students. He decided Hunt was the leading spirit of the family name of Frazier, that he wanted to become useful the Woman's Missionary So- from the white blood in his to his own people so he went on ciety, and took charge of the veins. Francis and Margaret little folk in the Sunday School. were married about 1870. to a medical school in Denver, Her mother heart and winning Francis had learned the mill- Colorado. After graduation, he tact made her loved by these er's trade and for some fifteen did not go right into the Indian many little Kiowas as she was years the government employed Service because he was afraid loved also by their fathers and him in the old mill on the San- that some people might say that mothers. She always stood tee Reservation in Nebraska. solidly for the things that he was all right as an Indian meant progress for her people, Though he was a man of doctor, but-. So he established ever opposing what held them little education, Francis decided himself in a white community, back. that he wanted to follow in the and in competition with a white footsteps of his father and be- doctor he succeeded in securing By no means the least im- come a minister. Francis at- the larger part of the business. portant results of her strong tended school only two winters. Christian life are the son and There are really only two re- After he had proved his compedaughter who beat testimony quirements for leadership. You tence, he entered the Indian today to the strength and must be ahead of the people Service and for many years has wisdom of their mother's love. whom you lead and must still been a physician to his own Ernest is active in Sunday be in touch with them. Francis people. school and Baptist Young Peo- Frazier and his wife fulfilled ple's Union. Iolata has just these requirements, so the mis- Next was a daughter who had completed the last year of her sionaries sent them to Ponca a very fine voice, and with the college work at Keuka College. Creek on the eastern part of Caroline, a granddaughter, is ~he Rosebud Reservation to an help of the missionaries she at- tended the New England Conat Bacone. servatory of Music. Unfortu- nately, that disease, which has taken so many promising Indi- an boys and girls, became fatal and she died of tuberculosis Indian settlement, which had and was buried in the East. hardly been touched by Chris- The f rag ran c e of Julia tianity. Here the two worked Alice, the next daughter, for over fifteen years and when went from Santee to North- Hunt's life, made beautiful they left, there was hardly a field Seminary. After graduawith the Christ love which tion, she came back home and permeated it, rises today like sweet incense in many Kiowa family in the community which married. had not joined the Christian The last of the family is hearts. Church. After a year on a Philip. From Santee he went homestead, Mr. and Mrs. on to Yankton Academy and MARGARET FRAZIER AND Frazier went to our mission Mount Hermon, then entered HER FAMILY school at Santee, Nebraska, Dartmouth College, which was By RUDOLPH HERTZ where Mr. Frazier became pas- founded in prerevolution days tor of the Pilgrim Congrega- for the education of Indian Below the present site of tional Church. I have known youth. Towards the end of his Minneapolis and St. Paul, the many college and university freshman year the war broke Mississippi River widens to pastors but I doubt whether out and he enlisted as a volunform a long narrow lake called any has had closer relations teer. After a year in France, Lake Pepin. Some eighty years with pupils than Mr. Frazier. he came home and I first saw ago an Indian baby girl was From 1920 on Mr. and Mrs. him at a mission meeting in born on the shores of this lake. Frazier lived with me in my Santee, Nebraska, in the fall The father left the mother soon home at Eagle Butte, South of 1919. This was a discussion afterwards. When the little Dakota, where ¥r. Frazier be- meeting, and we had given to girl was in her teens, she and came my aSSOCIate and Mrs. Philip the question, "What her mother first came under Frazier kept house for us. good did I get out of the war?" the influence of Christian mis- Hardly a day passed that Mr. He said: "There is one thing sions and both joined the Frazier did not receive a letter I got out of the war. It was

BULLETIN OF COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

the first time I was taken for preparatory school at Elizabeth, until illness forced her to be- come inactive, she gave her exactly what I am; nothing New Jersey. Next she was time and strength to the Omaha Indians as medical miswas added to me, and nothing graduated from Hampton and sionary among them. Dr. Picotte was one of the organwas subtracted from me, be- entered the Philadelphia Wom- izers of the Presbyterian Church cause I am an Indian." Philip an's Medical College, graduat- at Walthill. went back to college, graduated ing two years later at the age from Oberlin and Chicago Sem- In later years she confined inary and is now a fully of twenty-two, with first hon- her medical activity to the trained and successful mission- ors in a class of one hundred. Presbyterian Hospital under ary to his own people in Okla- the Board of Home Missions at Following a year of hospital WalthiIl. This is indeed a mehoma. This summer he will experience, she was appointed morial to her unceasing labors, succeed me as superintendent Government physician among and located and equipped as she of our thirty Congregational the Omaha Indians. This serv- had planned, is the realization churches among the Dakota In- ice involved long trips over the of one of her dreams for her dians. reservation and four years of people.

And who was back of all the roughest life of exposure Her identification with the and hardship as she ministered religious life of the Omahas this desire for education and night and day to the needs of was ever foremost. Eight miles service? To some extent, of her people, when she was com- from Walthill she went over course, it was native in the pelled to resign, because of ill rough roads every Sunday to children, to some extent the health, she removed to Ban- the Presbyterian church at the father encouraged them, but croft, built up a large private agency to conduct services for the one who above all inspired the Indians and to speak to them was Margaret Frazier, practice and gave her services them in their own language. the one who was willing to to two races. Not only was she sacrifice everything in order sought by Indian patients, but For the last twenty years of that her children might ad- by white people who admired her life, which ended in 1915 when she was but forty-six vance. She had never been in her proficiency. years of age, she suffered from an incurable malady, never school. She had to make a In 1894 she married Henry being free from pain. In spite thumb mark on the back of a of physical limitations and tribcheck to endorse it, but she Picotte, a French Sioux Indian, al prejudice against the leaderknew her Bible, and through ship of a woman, for the last intending to live the quiet life fifteen years she was recogintimate communion with God, nized as the most influential she had learned some of God's of a homemaker but she could person among the Omahas. plans for her childre~. Mrs. not long withstand the needs Always indifferent to praise, Frazier had a keen mmd, and of her people and soon resumed she said before her death in used it not only in every-day her practice, gradually assum- answer to words of commenda- ing a spiritual leadership as tion, "I cannot see how any conversation, but to think out well. In addition to her prac- credit is due me. I am only the deeper things of life and tice she nursed her aged moth- thankful that I have been called especially to prepare her chil- er; reared two boys, train- and permitted to serve. I feel ing them and equipping them blessed for that privilege bedren for the greatest useful- yond all measure." for life's duties; cared for a ness. sick husband; conducted serv- -Adapted from Home Mission Monthly. ices in the little mission THE FIRST INDIAN WOMAN church; did active temperance NOTICE PHYSICIAN work; kept up her social ac- Through an error the dates and name of the chairman of the'cSouth- Susan La Flesche Picotte tivities, and never lost close ern California School of ~sion8 spent her early childhood o~ an personal touch with all the af- were omitted from the list wnfeh apunsettled Indian reservatIOn; fairs of her people. She at one peared in the June Bulletin. This her home was a tepee. In an time led a delegation of her School of Missions will be held in unusually brief time she tribesmen to Washington. This Los Angeles, September 26-30. Mrs. evolved from primitive life to· proved to be the most impor- W. S. Dysinger, 1419 Sixth Avenue, highest civilization, and today Los Angeles, California, is the Chairstands out as a unique figure tant and successful mission man. in the annals of the North ever undertaken by her tribe American Indian. Her rapid for through the protest preadvance educationally was due to her keen mind and unlimit- sented to government authoried courage. After elementary ties the sale of liquor in towns education at a mission school on the Omaha and Winnebago reservations was forever pro- hibited in the title conveyanc~s.

and a government school, she After her husband's death in was brought East in 1879, at 1905, she built an attractive the age of thirteen years, and home for herself and her two placed for three years in a boys, Caryl and Pierre, and

r OUf W orld,wide Outlook ""'

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~=I~~~~~~~~~~~~~I'~ NORTH AMERICA starved. Sanitary conditions Among the Cherokees Indians at the Coolidge Dam became so bad that disease In eastern Oklahoma live wiped out a large part of the The American Indian today tribe until less than 5,000 re- some 35,000 Cherokee Indians, main today. the majority of whom are pracis not a savage hunter of wild tically untouched by any earnbeasts and always ready to Meanwhile, the Christian spirit also penetrated the desert est or effective effort to bring scalp an enemy. The ancient in the person of the mission- them the Gospel. The Baptists ruins of Casa Grande, a few aries, led by Dr. Charles H. and Presbyterians reach a part miles from the Pima reserva- Cook, who was succeeded by of these with more or less regution, in Arizona, produce evi- Dr. Lay. Year after year they lar services, and our Gospel dence that 700 years ago the Missionary Union has one misancestors of the present Pimas pointed out to the government sionary who makes monthly had a great four-story apart- how this quiet, peace-loving, inment house, which accommo- dustrious group of native visits for preaching services dated 18 families. It was built through a circuit of four commainly to be a watch tower Americans had been robbed of munities, while in each a strugfrom which those on guard their chance of livelihood by could look far across the fields, the inconsiderate white man. gling Sunday school holds forth then cultivated by irrigation, a faintly glimmering light from see any approaching enemy, and Finally the Coolidge Dam week to week. We learned of call in the workers in the field one school for the Cherokees to defend their homes. Cloth was built and was dedicated on known as Dwight Mission, made from cotton, and grains March 4, 1930. Already some carried on by the Presbyterians, of parched corn found in the 4,000 acres are under water, some twenty miles to the south ruins, indicate that corn and but the Indian reservation con- of our station, and were incotton were raised 1800 years tains about 50,000 acres and formed it is the oldest mission ago in the Gila valley. As early over this vast area all sorts in the United States, founded of machines are working daily about 1825. to reclaim the desert and make it into a fertile valley. As to my own work among as 1694 the Pima Indians had -Presbyterian Advance. the Cherokees, we found op- a great irrigation system, by means of which the waters of New Style of Indian Council portunity for witnessing in the Gila River were diverted The reservation Indians send three directions, Sunday school, into canals and ditches and delegates twice a year to the school, and home. Sometimes used to produce great crops of Indian Council in Riverside, from five to eight girls and farm products. At the time of California. Fourteen years ago from ten to fifteen young men the Civil War these Indians Jonathan Tebbett, a Christian, attend the Sunday school. The had thousands of tons of wheat built a huge red brick open-air public school was opened to us stored which the government fireplace and chimney on his for teaching the Bible to the bought to feed the Federal grounds. The chimney bears a children two half hours each armies. huge cross. In front of it he week. Here we taught one verse But the white man invaded planted a large ring of eu- of Scripture each week, the the lands of the Pimas. He di- calyptus trees, now grown tall. teachers lending most helpful verted the waters of the Gila Behind it he built board dormi- cooperation by drilling the chil- River nearer their source until, tories and open-air cooking dren in memory work of the except in times of flood, there places. The dormitories he made verses, and also the hymns and was practically no water. Year available to American Indian Gospel choruses taught. after year the patient Pima delegates without charge. The major part of our serv- planted his seed, as his ances- Here was an old Indian, 99 ice was given to visitation work tors had planted before him, years of age, who spoke in the homes. This little comand then hoped for water. But through an interpreter. He or- munity center of Lyons has year after year he was disap- ganized the Indian Federation, neither post office nor station pointed. So the Pimas ceased which one day a year during (though trains do stop on sigto raise the needed crops. They one of its two all-week councils, nal) for Lyons consists of four became day laborers. They cut allows white" visitors to listen homes and two stores. The the mesquite of the desert and in. He died in 1930 but Mrs. people are very poor, though, and in visitation work we dissold the wood. They almost Tebbett carries on.

[448 ] covered that many were still members in 17,771 organiza- Dr. Joseph A. Vance of Detroit, out of school because of lack of tions in the United States. In- include: race prejudice, nashoes and clothes or school digenous organizations on mis- tional jealousies and rivalries, sion fields number 468, with unequal distribution of wealth, books. STELLA DARNELL, in The Pilot. 11,000 members. Missionaries refusal of nations to find peace- of the Society number 722. In ful means to settle their inter- Signs of Cooperation the Society's grade schools are national disputes, the suspicion A significant trend toward 67,216 pupils. Two colleges are and distrust of militarism, recloser cooperation among de- supported in full and the main- bellion of poverty-stricken nanominations in missionary tions accepting financial slavery work was the annual meeting tenance of ten union colleges is shared by the Society. Nine- that another nation may live of the Interdenominational teen hospitals, thirteen dis- in luxury, and scattered here Council for Spanish-Speaking pensaries and three welfare and there, as a corrupting in- Work in the Southwest, in fluence in all our social life, Santa Fe, N. M., February 23- centers are maintained. the traffickers in sensuality 26. This Council is the joint It is especially gratifying and immorality corrupting Committee of the Home Mis- youth with their amusements sions Council and the Council that in spite of the unusual and literature, and the idling economic conditions of the last practical atheists who are both quadrennium, especially of the the victims and possessors of last year, the work 6f the So- vast inherited wealth, and in of Women for Home Missions ciety has not been curtailed and their tandem adulteries losing for work among Mexicans and all Qbligations have been met. both their capacity for God and Spanish-speaking Americans in the meaning and duty of hu- Rural Church Situation the United States. The Santa· man brotherhood. Three types of fields require Fe gathering was the twentieth Edwin E. Sundt, writing in annual meeting of this body, The Baptist upon "A New Day more adequate treatment: (1) which is made up of the de- for the Country Church," Overchurched communities, exnominational superintendents marks a change for the better, isting in every section of Amerand workers carrying on mis- and gives some interesting in- ica. (2) The unchurched comsionary activities among these formation: munity. Recent surveys indipeople. As one result of the A decade ago the future of rural cate 5,000 such areas, embracfellowship of these two decades churches appeared cheerless. Pro- ing 5,000,000 people. (3) The inadequately occupied field, due denominations are ready to testantism had closed 25,000 country churches since 1920 and out of the to non-resident pastors, irregusubmit their budgets and pro- remaining 101,000 less than twenty lar preaching and poor equipgrams to each other for re- per cent were reporting progress. Our ment. view. The next meeting is to 67,000 rural preachers were receiving be in EI Paso, Texas, Septem- an average stipend of $1,029 per year, which actually meant that thouber 20-23, of this year. sands labored for an income of con- American Tract Society siderably below $1,000. With such Missionary Education in the salaries, there was little hope of se- At the 107th annual meeting curing the type of leaders for which D.V.B.S. of the American Tract Society, the new day called. The abler men the most extensive work in were forced to see economic better- Ten or twelve denominations many years was reported. The are participating in the effort ment in urban fields. Hence the con- to increase world brotherhood colporteur service has been in-· tinuous retreat. ideals among the million or creased to meet the opportuni- Since 1925 .over one hundred larger ties offered by the unemploy- parishes have been organized with a ment situation. During its his- new type of religious cooperation. We more children who will attend tory the Society has published Vacation Church Schools dur- have learned to cooperate without sur- ing June, July and August. rendering the inalienable rights of local churches. There are, in some The International Association larger parishes, as many as fifteen and distributed Christian liter- smaller churches combined for service, of Daily Vacation Bible Schools, ature; 844,000,000 tracts, leaf- rather than any attempt to eliminate operating as a Department of lets, pamphlets, periodicals and valuable loyalties. By p.ooling· funds books in 180 languages and dia- a higher grade of leadership is se- the International Council of Religious Education, is cooperlects. The colporteurs have cured and men with proper vision, visited more than 2,500,000 homes. Last year nearly 500,~ consecration and training are creating ating in promoting the follow- 000,000 pieces of literature ing objectives: were distributed in more than life-centered programs. In these parthirty languages. ishes salaries average $2,000 or more, . 1. An adequate program of and when fifteen or, as is usually the missionary education available case, only five churches combine under for all Va cat ion Church the leadership of two or three vigor- Schools.

ous leaders, the result has been amaz- 2. Sharing by boys and girls ing. in North America of their Methodist Women's Work Home Mission Problems The Woman's Foreign Mis- "Pressing evils" and "run- happy vacation experience with sionary Society of the Metho- ning sores" in the national field underprivileged children of the dist Church reports 487,581 of home missions, according to world.

3. The mIssIOnary extension successful among young people houses erected and equipped, of the Daily Vacation Bible and in his half-century of min- the Aklavik Hospital enlarged, Schools among unchurched chil- istry has organized many Sun- and the Pangnirtung Hospital dren of American and untaught day schools. The Salt Lake built and established; while an children in foreign mission City church has a substantial Eskimo residential school had lands. brick building, a parsonage and been established at Shingle a home for students. The two Point, at which there are The Work of One Missionary pastors t r a vel continually thirty-four children in resi- among the scattered Japanese. dence and nine day scholars. In an effort to bring the The Methodist Churches of the During the same period thirtytruth of the Bible to the rural Pacific Coast have 2,169 mem- five missionaries have been sent communities of Southwest Ore- bers. out and sixteen have returned gon, Rev. E. Iverson, Presby- from the field, leaving a net terian home missionary, last Japanese Circuit Rider gain of nineteen workers. year traveled 20,310 miles, made 851 visits to families, 71 Such is M. Tsuji of Ogden, -The Living Church. Sabbath-schools were visited in Utah. Here is an extract from session, 249 sermons and ad- his own report of a recent mis- LATIN AMERICA dresses. delivered, conducted or sionary journey: assisted in 85 workers' con- Training for Good Citizenship ferences, with 865 in attend- "I have made a trip of perance; organized eight new Sab- sonal visiting missionary work The Christian Institute in bath-schools, revived four, illto this summer for about sixteen Castro, Parama, Brazil, is a which were gathered 420 pupils days, yisiting Green River, type of school which is ecoand teachers, 14 home depart- where I met with son. Then I nomical, efficient, thoroughly ments, and nine cradle rolls went to Rock Springs and Ham- Christian. Teachers and pupils started. One young people's er mining camp, and Cheyenne, live, work and study together society was organized and 60 Kennerer and Blaser, mining as one family. The schools are decisions for Christ were re- Japanese camp, where I had located on farms of from 600 ported; 7,538 pages of litera- small meetings. Then I came to 11,000 acres, and all the ture were distributed, also 242 to Pocatello, where I was not work is done by the students. Bibles and Testaments. Con- able to have any meeting be- They are not "educated away" ventions and institutes attend- cause people of farms were so from rural conditions, but are ed, 12; evangelistic meetings busy, and so I spent one night trained to Christianize all the held, six, with 280 in attend- at my friend's house, Mr. K. relationships of life. ance; catechisms distributed, Kawamier, Japanese rancher. 45. Four adult Bible classes Then I went to Idaho Falls, A number of former pupils were started; eight teachers' where I had very nice meet- are now directing schools in training classes, with 28 mem- ing. Audience about 100. Spent the interior, helping to reduce bers; eleven Daily Vacation two night there. Mr. and Mrs. the estimated 75 per cent il- Bible schools were conducted, Uchida, members of Japanese literacy. Of the 40,000,000 inand 56 religious week-day Bible church in Salt Lake City, moved habitants of Brazil, it is estilesson books are in use among there, and now Mr. Uchida is mated that about 1,000,000 are the public school teachers. secretary of Japanese associa- Protestant. The Presbyterian tion and his wife is teacher of Church has 44,000 members, -The Presbyterian. Japanese language school. They 330 organized churches, and helped me so greatly for meet- 165 ordained national ministers. Christians from Japan ing this time. They are very The more populous parts of good Christians. Then I went Brazil have been turned over Two Christian churches seek to Rexburg, where I had nice to the national Evangelical to care for the 5,000 Japanese meeting. At Twin Falls there Church, which is efficiently orwidely scattered over Nevada, is my church member, Mrs. ganized and is independent. Wyoming, Idaho and Utah. Tsugujang, widow, who is the These Japanese are mostly owner of farm of forty acres -Women and Missions. farmers, but some are em- and living there with her chilployed in coal and copper mines. dren, who were baptized in Protestantism in Mexico These churches, one in Salt Ogden years ago." Lake City and one in Ogden, Mission schools of the vari- Utah, are union enterprises of -Congregationalist. ous Protestant denominations the American Missionary Asso- are struggling for their lives, ciation and the Presbyterian Arctic Mission especially since the enacting of Board of National Missions. the latest laws signed by Presi- The pastor of the Ogden The Arctic Mission of the dent Ortiz Rubio, on January church, Mitsutaro Tsuji, a man Protestant Episcopal Church 1, 1932. Besides limiting the of seventy-three, is especially reports that during the past number of priests and min- five years three new churches isters in the Federal District have been built, four mission to one for each 50,000 inhabit-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ants, the law also prohibits any EUROPE An interesting fact is the school incorporated by the gov- Scotch Churches Face Crisis statement of sources from ernment to give classes in Bible, which gifts for this work have to carryon any religious serv- In the Church of Scotland, been received. W h i I e the ices within its walls (including contributions for foreign mis- amounts in themselves are not daily prayers and the asking of sions which were £92,301 in so very large, it is significant the "Blessing" at the table), 1930, had shrunk in 1931 to from where they came. For or to have any ordained men £88,240. The average during instance, the Spanish Congreon the faculty. It is probable the five years preceding 1930 gations in the north of Africa that the immediate cause of was £103,348. The result is a contributed 1,501 francs and this enactment was the reli- fresh deficit of '£25,000. The the Spanish Sisters of the Tegious celebrations in December work cannot now be carried on tuan Mission to the Jews conwhen the Catholics celebrated with the former average assets. tributed 50 pesetas. the 400th anniversary of the More than half of the total appearance of Guadalupe, their amount spent on the work is A Danish Laymen's Movement raised abroad by contributions patron saint, just when the Twenty years ago the Laygovernment thought it had of native churches, school and men's Movement was organized subjugated the Roman Cath- hospital fees, and government in Denmark. At the recent anolics. Although the government grants. Everyone of these niversary celebration the chief is not Protestant, the less than address was made by the presi- 100,000 Evangelicals in the sources threatens to shrink in dent of the Danish Mission Socountry have made themselves 1932 to an alarming extent. ciety, Pastor A. Busch, who rean influential force. Accor:dingly, the committee called the fact that on the in- has decided in the first in- vitation of some laymen who -Presbyterian Advance. stance to reduce expenditures were devoted to the cause of at the rate of £10,000 per an- missions, Dr. John R. Mott The Gospel for Mutineers num. The various mission coun- came to Denmark and organ- cils are being consulted as to ized the movement with be- Mr. William M. Strong, Di- how this sum may be saved, tween 150 and 200 laymen, rector of the Soldier's Gospel the following suggestions being "for service and help to all Mission of South America, tells existing Danish mission soof a visit to the prison ship considered: (1) retirement of cieties." The movement has "Lautaro," anchored off the existing members of the mis- done much to keep alive a misisland Quiriquina, Chile, where sionary staff, (2) refraining sion spirit in Denmark and has is located a fort and training from filling vacancies, (3) contributed large sums toward school for sailors. Following a the work. mutiny, 5,000 were confined in withdrawal from a field or various places. No one was al- fields, (4) cuts on missionaries' -Danish Missionsblad. salaries, (5) reduction of home administration expense, and (6) reduction in m iss ion lowed to see them, not even the grants. Home Missions in Germany officers except in discharge of their duty; but the authorities The Bible in Spain The Central Committee for granted the privilege of preach- The Spanish agency of the Innere Mission of the German British and Foreign Bible So- Protestant Church has charge ing and distributing New Tes- ciety reports for the past year, taments to a large proportion today of 26,500 institutions and which is the year following the homes, where daily 413,000 of the mutineers at four dif- revolution, that it marks the ferent points, totaling 3,000 highest point in the circulation persons are looked after. The of the Bible among Spaniards. work is done with little help men. All other reading matter The total number of copies of from the Reich and the Church, had been prohibited. Many of the entire Bible, of Testaments being almost completely a volthe prisoners begged for some- and Gospels sold, amounts to untary work of love. As is exthing to read. Before the visit 275,000. This figure is more to the ship, Mr. Strong had than 100,000 above the sales pressed by its name, the "Inalready preached the Gospel reached in 1873-1874, the year nere Mission" fulfils a mission and distributed Testaments to after the first revolution. Thus of a special kind, not only atalmost 1,000 men on the island the new liberty has brought for itself. This recent mutiny, ap- tending to bodily, economic and parently prompted by Russia, social needs, but also conveying the healing and helping powers is one of the most serious ever a large number of Spaniards of the Gospel of Christ to those to occur in Chile, but the con- the opportunity Of obtaining who, in these modern times, are finement of so many men with the Word of God and has given often u n t 0 u c h e d by these the reading of the Bible only is an equal opportunity to the. spiritual forces. plainly an instance of making Bible Society of placing more A great army of workers is "the wrath of man to praise copies of the divine word than required; 40,000 trained nurses Him." ever before. and 4,100 "deacons" are em-

ployed. There are 1,600 trained where no Protestant Church ex- held weekly, to review the men, 3,500 social welfare wom- ists." physical and spiritual needs of en workers, and more than 10,- camp homes. 000 employes and assistants Dr. Alexander Teich of Viendoing educational and nursing na, a leader of the World Union -Missionary Herald. work in houses and offices. of Jewish Students, has just come to America to interest Atheism on Chocolate Bars -Presbyterian Banner. Jews in the problem of anti- Semitism in Europe. He and At the instigation of the So- Atheism Outlawed other European representatives ciety of the Godless, chocolate of the International Student bars in Russia are now being President von Hindenburg of Service declare that the problem put up in wrappers on which Germany has dissolved the of anti-Semitism in European pictures and poems of an anti- Communistic "Internationale of universities is handicapped by religious character appear. As Proletarian Free Thinkers," the lack of cooperation from the an example, Evangelischer "The Free Thinkers Pioneers," United States. In certain Amer- Pressedienst reports that one and the women's branch. Pros- ican colleges there is also a form wrapper carried the picture of ecuting attorneys throughout of anti-Semitism which has been a workman kicking saints and Germany have received instruc- largely discriminatory and does angels; on the other side was tions to proceed s eve rei y not resort to violence such as the legend: "Out of vengeance against the atheists. characterized much of the recent on all bourgeois we will start a anti-Semitic outbreaks in Euro- world fire." Another wrapper The New Y ork Herald Trib- pean universities. contains the picture of a Rusune states: "This was justified sian priest with a whiskey officially on the ground that the Several cities in Poland have flask in his hand, on the other fiat against political excesses no been the scenes of anti-Jewish side of which is printed: "The longer sufficed to curb 'the pro- riots, in which more than 200 Pope holds the service and is vocative behavior of godless as- Jews-women and children as greatly depressed. He is sorry sociations,' and that 'through well as students-have been because of Sunday, for his the dissolution of these organ- beaten, their property destroyed prayer does not reach his Fathizations, the ground is cut from and even the tombstones in their er God." under communist godless prop- cemeteries demolished. Repreaganda, which is intended to sentatives of both sides in Vilna Exiled Christians in Russia undermine Christian culture assured the authorities they and morals as preparation for would do all in their power to Communications fro m Rusa bolshevist revolution.' " stop the riots. The Polish "The sian Christians, suffering from League of the Green Ribbon," of the 'Soviet regime, show the rea- The Problem of Jews in Europe which even school boys and girls son why multitudes would es- are members, have undertaken cape from the country if it were Sir Leon Levison, chairman of an economic boycott, as well as a possible. A thousand or more the Hebrew Christian Alliance soc i a I and intellectual ban recently attempted to cross the and a member of the Interna- against Jews. border into Rumania, over the tional Committee on the Chris- frozen Danube River, but most tian Approach to the Jews, Work in Greece of them were mowed down by writes: Soviet machine guns. Evangelical teaching in Greece "Among the vital plans pro- is done by ten organized Dr. George P. Pierson, for posed at a recent conference to churches, with seven settled forty years an American Presmake missionary work for Jews pastors and two evangelists byterian missionary in Japan, in Eastern and Central Europe who visit eighteen centers and writing in The Presbyterian, effective are (1) caring for supply vacant pulpits. Mem- quotes from a number of letters young Hebrew Christians after bership in these c h u r c h e s received from Christians forced they are baptized, (2) establish- ranges from 20 to 350. Arme- to hard labor in lumber camps ment of an industrial and agri- nian evangelical work, as apart in Siberia and northern Russia. cultural colony in Poland where from the Greek, largely centers We quote: young converts can be trained in in the four organized churches trades and in agriculture to be- of the refugee camps near "Our situation is hard to describe. come self-supporting, (3) a He- Athens. At one camp a sub- It is torment for young and old; it brew Christian colony in Pales- stantial church building has makes no difference how cold it is, all tine where selected Hebrew been erected and serves as a must go to work in the forest. We Christians from Poland may be center for all neighborhood ac- are forced to work from dawn till settled that they may bear tes- tivities. Bible reading is an dark without food while in the forest; timony to the Jews in Palestine integral part of the work, and and the great cold registers 30 to 39 and throughout the world, (4) five leaders regularly visit the degrees frost. a commission to consider estab- refugee camps. In addition, lishing a Hebrew Christian round table conferences are "The Pajak (food ration) gets Church in countries where Jew- smaller and smaller, so that we have ish converts are not welcome in not enough bread to eat. They do the Christian c h u r c h e sand not provide us with winter clothing, and so far we have not been paid any- thing for our work. And so our

1932J OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

. . . prayer rises daily to the Lord, superficialized, so that while hundreds flicted on the native population 'When will the hour of our deliver- are confirmed they soon fall away. of about 2,000,000 by the 15,- ance strike, and release us from this 000 descendants of American exile?' " Confession has been the cause of freed slaves sent to Africa by much mischief. As an African who "The least and most despised understands the psychology of his fel- human beings on the face of the earth low Africans, I urge that the ritual- the Abolitionists about a cen- istic services of High Churchism are tury ago. are we. The destitution, grief, misery, of little or no benefit to the average humiliation that we are now endur- African. They do not in the least To help meet the situation ing, cannot be described. Everyone of us is driven to work in the forest, help him on the road to the Kingdom the Commission on Race Relafrom the age of twelve to seventy tions and the Commission on years and over; in short, everyone of Heaven. Was it not the lowly International Justice and Goodwho can walk must work." Nazarene who warned his followers will of the Federal Council have "Vermin abounds, because for wEeks to beware of Pharisees and their long flowing garments, teaching them that we have not been able to change our the Father is a Spirit to be worshiped united in forming the Commitclothes, for no one may go home in spirit and in truth. "Sir, we would tee on African Welfare, with see Jesus." Please lead us to Him in Dr. Merrill F. Clarke as Chairuntil the 'norm' of work has been the simplest possible manner. man. The Committee's plan is: done. Only mothers of children two months old are allowed to go home at noon to nurse them. Women up to Prayer for Everyone 1. To study the conditions and sixty-five years old, men up to problems affecting the native peoples seventy and over are made to work. The Cathedral of Bloemfon- of Africa from the standpoint of so- tein, South Africa, observes the cial and economic progress and hu- D. Oskar Schabert, Freiheit- custom of having intercessions man rights, particularly as created strasse 27, Riga, Latvia, is in each day for one or more of charge of the International Re- the parishes and missions of by agricultural and industri.al devellief for the Russian Christians. opments in which American interests Contributions sen t to Rev. the diocese, so that in the are concerned; George P. Pierson, 311 South course of the year everyone is 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 2. To confer and advise with othwill be forwarded. remembered in prayer. Bishop er groups, societies and joint councils Carey, of the Cathedral, makes of whites and natives in Africa and this comment on the custom: other lands which are interested in "I like to think that not a man promoting the welfare and advocat- goes to work in the diocese, not ing the rights of the native peoples; a woman takes up her house- AFRICA hold duties, not a child goes to 3. To provide information and school, without the blessing help to bring to bear on particular Air Service Extended that is brought on them by the situations an informed and intelligent intercession at the Cathedral. public conscience in support of social After many years of survey, I wish every farmer would re- and economic progress and native preparation and experiment, a member as he goes out to the rights. new weekly air service was fields that he is not forgotten opened from Croydon to Cape of the Church." -Federal Council Bulletin. Town, giving also postal service for countries enroute, such -Living Church. Sleeping Sickness Eradicated as Irak and Persia. In February, 1931, Imperial Airways Dr. Clement C. Chesterman, opened a 5,000 mile route as Baptist Missionary Society medfar as Kisumu, in Kenya, which ical missionary in charge of the hospital at Yakusu, near Stan- leyville in the Belgian .Congo, vastly improved communica- says that sleeping sickness has tions between England and For African Welfare been wiped out in that district, East Africa. The new line Savery is again demanding a disease that once affected 30% covers a distance of nearly attention. Notwithstanding the of the population. This has been 8,000 miles, and is covered in Anti-Slavery Convention of accomplished by systematic exten and a half days. Previously, 1925, ratified by 41 nations- amination and treatment of all mail to Cape Town required including Liberia – and not- those affected. The important seventeen days. From south- withstanding reports of the part of the scheme has been the ern Sudan to the north of the League's Commission of In- training of native medical as- Union two weeks is saved. . quiry in 1930, and of the Com- sistants, and putting them into African Asks for Simplicity mittee of Experts in 1931, little progress has been made in rec- rural dispensaries distributed An African Christian named tifying the shocking conditions over the area. There are also Malloku pro t est s against masses, incense, processions discovered. It is maintained welfare centers linked up with and the like in mission services that Liberia has broken her the dispensaries, and visited on the Gold Coast. In his covenant, and the problem letter printed in Elder's Review once a week by the native assistof West African Affairs, he ant. says: there is particularly difficult be- As the welfare centers are The clergy's attention is drawn from weightier matters; preaching cause the Black Republic is a linked up with the dispensaries, declines in quality; spiritual life is protege of the United States, so both are linked up with Com- which would seem, therefore,. munion centers in charge of na- to have special responsibility in tive pastors. "The medical helping to end the outrageously work," says pro Chesterman, "is corrupt and cruel misrule in- an indispensable partner to the

religious work of our mission, was opened in Constantinople older girls of the Sidon Girls for once we have converted the last February, others will open School are able to be present. people from their belief in the in twelve other cities. As an The total attendance is between connection of evil spirits with important means of enlighten- five hundred and six hundred. disease, to a belief in our medi- ment, good reading will be Because some Moslem women cine as a cure, it is easy to trans- stressed; village branches will attend, men are asked to absent fer their belief in these spirits to teach reading and writing to themselves and a meeting is the loving God who inspires our the peasants. Telegraph and held for them in the evening. work."-South African Outlook. radio will be freely used to Prayers are offered in several keep alive an interest in cur- languages, and hymns sung in King's College, Budo rent events. Arabic and Armenian.

King's School, Budo, opened Syrian Orphanage One of the features of the in 1906, was the first public Day of Prayer in Aleppo is an school in Uganda. Budo Hill for Seventy-two yea r sag 0 offering of cracked wheat. Each generations has been to Uganda (Nov. 11, 1860), Pastor Lud- woman, when about to cook the almost w hat Fujiyama is to wig Schneller opened the Syrian daily meal, takes one handful Japan. Here kings we r e Orphanage in Jerusalem. The from the pot and puts it in a crowned, and the "keeper" still occasion was the result of the bag for the Society. This ulkeeps free from weeds the ring terrible slaughters that were timately goes to the poor or is of stones inside which would be perpetrated by the Druses sold for the benefit of missionbuilt, of cane work and thatch, among the Christians of the ary work. the native hut for the king to Lebanon Mountains. More than keep vigil on the night before 20,000 widows and orphans Brotherhood Encouraged his coronation, after w h i c h were then roaming homeless there was an orgy of blood as through that region. Today the This year there are in the the warriors, maddened with Schneller District has more Presbyterian mission schools in excitement, rushed down the than 40 buildings, containing Syria eleven kin d s of Chrisvall e y s butchering· wherever orphanages for boys and girls, tians and eight kinds of nonthey went. Those old enough to schools, creches, homes for ap- Christians; of Christians, five remember this must have been prentices, an asylum for the kinds of Roman Catholics, five grateful to God when, in 1917, blind, a preparatory school, a kinds of Eastern Orthodox chilthey saw Daudi Chwa made seminary and parish houses. dren, and the evangelicals. king while native choirs sang There has been added during A m 0 n g the non-Christians, "0 God, our Help in Ages the last few years a large in- Jews, Sunni and Shiite Mos- Past." Soon the sacred hill was dustrial school in which pupils lems, Ismailites, Druze, Bahais, crowned with four dormitories, may be trained in all kinds of Alaouites, and even a devil worclass rooms, Great Hall, a house trades by modern methods. At shiper, all of whom sit side by for the missionary, a workshop present 370 children are being side in the schools. and a most beautiful chapel. reared in the institutions. There Following the war, Uganda de- are 30 apprentices and 43 The whole political system of veloped so rapidly that it be- learners busy in the various Syria tends to continue these came necessary to reb u i I d workshops. lines of cleavage by making the King's School almost entirely parliament a representation of and to join with it the Mengo -Evangelishes Lutheran religious groups. Missionaries High School, a boarding school M issionsblatt. hope that these children and for young boys. In January, young people, about 3,500 of 1926, this new King's College Learning to Pray Together them, as they work and play toopened its doors to 270 boys. gether in an atmosphere imbued The complete scheme is still un- For some years it has been with the spirit of Christ, may realized, awaiting better times. the custom for the women one day help to remove the bar- throughout Syria to observe a riers that separate the people -C. M. S. Outlook. Day of Prayer in February. into unsympathetic groups. Intermarriages between Protes- WESTERN ASIA tants, Greek Catholics and Encouragements in Persia Greek Orthodox have compli- Training the Turks cated the situation, but in- A Presbyterian missionary creased interest was manifest near the Russian border on the A proposed new system of the past year. Caspian Sea writes: "From education for Turkey will pro- morning till evening some two mote education, language, his- Including two rather remote hundred Moslems came to our tory, fine arts, sports, social mountain villages, meetings are small room in the caravanserai service, libraries and publica- held in sixteen places through- to talk about Christ." tion, museums and exhibitions. out the Sidon field, and in the It will be called "The House of town of Sidon itself, where the Another missionary says that the People." The first of these he was literally besieged from morning to night by inquirers who would haunt his house in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

order to talk with him. He is caste, the money-lender and the bu- sign of progress is the increas- reaucrat. The pulpit provides the trying out the principle of set- ing unity and influence of this ting apart two and a half hours proper forum for ventilating the ills organization. A writer in a day-one-tenth of our time– from which the weak suffer. If it Dnyanodya who attended this fails in its duty as it has done in for definite, close, spiritual con- the past, the Church will lose what- session says: ever respect it commands now, and tact with God. It seemed at first Russia's religious history of the last There was a marked emphasis upon impossible, but he has succeeded decade may be repeated here. If the unity and a real striving after it. and as a result writes that "life Church were to mobilize its powers, has been going on ballbearings no g.overnment could stand against it. During the all-day excursion to the ever since." These things are politics, and religion Seven Pagodas one felt its practical cannot separate itself from them save workings, as we saw women of rank This prayer may explain the to its own hurt and to the hurt of and wealth, officers .of the Conference, harvest that is coming. One humanity. some of them neither young nor physiman whose life had been spent cally strong who, instead of going in highway robbery became con- Campaign Against Child comfortably by car, chose to ride the victed of sin. There had been no contact with missionaries, Marriage hundred and more miles in an unwith Christians, or with the Bi- comfortable bus, so as to share the India has an excellent law c.ommon lot of the delegates. During called the Sarda Act against thQ halt at the temple of Tirukulli- kundrum where the sacred eagles were fed, when the Brahman priest ble, but only the work of the child marriages, but it has not announced the prasadam for Brah- mans and non-Brahmans, one of the Holy Spirit. He went to a Mo- been strictly enforced. The delegates called out to him, "Here hammedan priest to ask for Gujarat Social Reform Associa- there is neither Brahman nor non- spiritual help, but in vain. A tion i~ appealing for volunteers Brahman; here we are all sisters of Christian who had been a der- for the detection of marriages one family." Of all the subjects con- sidered the one arousing most envish finally led him to Christ. in contravention of the Sarda thusiastic and united response was A son of a highway robber is Act, and has served notices on that of the removal of untouchability.

now winning educated young seven persons through its Reorganizing the Laymen men to Christ. He circulates pleader, calling upon them to handbills in Persian towns to an- show cause why the Associanounce that he will tell how and tion should not proceed legally The Laymen's Missionary why he became a Christian. against them for having ig- Movement of India was organ- ized in 1910. Until 1915, it -Sunday School Times. nored Section 19 of the Sarda was not widely known. It con- Act by marrying their children, tinued in full force until 1924, INDIA below the prescribed age, dur- after which it gradually de- ing the last four months. One clined, chiefly because it had so A Challenge to .Reform of the seven persons so served few sympathizers. Laymen have with a notice is the president all along been helping as abil- Mr. S. P. Andrews-Dube, In- of a Taluka Local Board and ity, time and means afforded, dian Christian leader, recently vice-president of the District and recently it was determined challenged the Indian Church Local Board, Ahmedabad, who to revive the Movement, under to face its present day respon- had his son, aged 13, married sibilities. the guidance of Dr. Chitambar. It is hoped to engage a well One of the reasons which quickened recently.

the spread of Free Churches in Eng- Revival of Suttee land as against the Established qualified, full time secretary for Church was the aloofness of the lat- A writer in Revelation, who at least three years, whose ter from the people-their problems, has been a missionary for chief work would be to organsorr.ows and tears. As it was in the time of Hosea, so unfortunately it is twenty-eight years, claims that ize the Movement. largely today in India. The spiritual one of the results of Gandhi's -Indian Witness. aristocracy has not much in common teachings of civil disobedience with the penury of the villagers and Union Medical College their incessant struggles and dis- has been a revival of "Suttee" A cooperative scheme of counts that characterize the working -burning of the widow on her large outreach is the proposed life of our growing industrial cen- husband's funeral pyre, and Union Christian Medical Colters. What has the Indian Church done to remedy the present order of gives a detailed account of such things under which only one per cent an incident which actually took of Indian revenue is spent on public place in December, 1931. The lege, which has the approval health and 62 per cent on war ser- of the National Christian Coun- missionary was in the town cil, the Christian Medical Assovices? The Indian Labor Commis- when it happened and states ciation, the ten Provincial sion's Report reveals a state of affairs that other burnings have ocregarding health, housing and condi- tions of service of the factory w.orker curred since then in other Councils, many .m iss ion s, on which Christian opinion must as- towns, in defiance of the law. churches and individuals. A sert itself. If Christianity fails to special committee has been inappeal to the people today in India, Women and Their Influence structed to raise funds-the tenit is largely due to the fact that the Church has kept mum when its plat- The fifth session of the All- tative estimate is for $1,200,- form should have been thundering India Women's Conference was 000 for building and equipment against the oppression of the all powerful landlord, the capitalist, the high held in Madras in March. A and $4,300,000 for endowment

-to draw up a constitution and ited. During the course of the Religious Training in Ceylon in general to promote the plan. year one or other of the Sun- The college proposed is to be day School missionaries has James A. Ker, a Los Angeles residential, staffed by full-time touched the Northwest Frontier Bible Institute graduate, who professors, Indian and foreign, Province, also the e d g e of went to Ceylon some years ago, on missionary salaries. Exten- China, the Himalayas and the says: sion work and social service is southern point of Ceylon. In all planned for, cooperation in of these visits lectures, demon- The year that has just closed has rural service and post-gradu- stration and guidance have been been one of real blessing. Several ate courses for doctors already given. have taken their stand for Christ and in practice. The plan includes confessed Him in baptism. Many a hospital of 400 beds. On the An interesting piece of work more are asking for baptism, but we governing body there will be was undertaken in the Garo are keeping them waiting a little representatives of the National Hills, the Manipur Hills and while yet. We have for the past Christian Council-a body that Assam, where a definite for- eighteen months been training a Singrep res e n t s missions and ward movement is evident. The halese young man for the ministry, churches in India-of the Chris- Garo Hills and the Manipur as there is no fundamental training tian Medical Association, rep- Hills are both tracts of coun- school in Ceylon. He has been makresenting all Christian medical try in which the Gospel has ing splendid progress, and shows a work in India and other spread widely among aboriginal real desire to spread the knowledge branches of the Christian en- and primitive peoples. Only a of Jesus Christ. The course of study terprise. small part of the Bible has been includes church history, methods of translated into the language of personal work, introduction to the -Indian Witness. the hill folk. English Bible, exegesis, Bible outlin- ing and teaching methods, homiletics, Venkiah's Baptism -The Christian. and a systematic study of the Bible and its principal doctrines. Best of Should an outcaste preacher Saving the MogaIai all, this young man is developing as baptize a caste convert, was a an effective pulpit and open air question that faced Rev. Cor- In the 66 page report of the preacher. nelius Unruh in Nalgonda, American Marathi Mis s ion, South India. He tells how it Rev. John Malelu explains his -The King's Business. was solved: work in the Mogalai field, popu- lated largely by Moslems and BURMA AND SIAM When Venkiah, being a Sudra, Hindus. asked for baptism my helpers were Y. M. C. A. in Burma perplexed. The missionary does not A little more than 12 years ago I baptize now, thinking it wiser to have was moved by the Spirit of the Lord Sir Benjamin Heald, who is the pastors attend to this phase of to depend entirely on Him for my severing his connection with the work in their own fields. But support. Having been inspired by the the Y. M. C. A. in Burma, said now these pastors came to ask if I lives .of George Mueller and Hudson at the 37th annual meeting: would baptize this new convert. I Taylor I asked the Bombay Church to "There seems to be among the sent them to him, and to their re.al let me serve them while counting upon Burmans a renewal of interest surprise he said: "It is all the same the Lord for maintenance. They in those ideas of service and to me whether it is the missionary would not consent. Quite recently the self-sacrifice which are the or one of you. I want to do what Spirit of the Lord again moved me to basis of most religions, and the Lord wants me to do." So Ven- lead a life of faith. Having offered particularly of Buddhism; and kiah was baptized and became a fol- my resignation, I attended the Octo- our Association offers opporlower of the One who acknowledges ber meeting of the General .Council of tunities of service which are the importance of changed hearts and the Missions, where the Survey Com- appreciated by the members of lives, not creeds, castes or races. New mittee proposed to close down the all religious communities inopenings in the village have followed Mogalai field, owing to the lack of a cluding Buddhists. It has done Venkiah's baptism. proper man and money. Then my much to overcome antagonisms name was abruptly suggested, and, and suspicions and has been – Watchman-Examiner. after due consideration and prayer, the means of bringing all those accepted, with the understanding that who are under its influence Snnday School Advance I should be allowed to work on faith into a real bond of friendship." lines for my support. Since my ar- Speaking of Sunday School rival the Lord has wonderfully opened Replying to Sir Benjamin's progress, Dr. James Kelly, Brit- the door for the Marathas of the war- speech the Governor of Burma ish secretary of the World's like caste called Kshatriyas. Five of spoke of the excellent service Sunday School Union, says that them, from two villages in the neigh- of the "Y" for troops and visitation of the whole field by borhood of each other in the Nizam's refugees in the rebellion disthe staff of the India Sunday Dominions which I have made my tricts, a work of great value School Union has proceeded headquarters, have professed their to the government, as has also with excellent results. The Pan- faith in Christ as their Lord and Sa- been the pioneer work in physjab, United Provinces, Delhi, viour by receiving baptism. Four of ical training. All this, he said, Bengal and its hill districts, them are headmen, two being officials has resulted in a wider horizon Maharashtra, all the chief divi- of their villages. Five others, from for Burma and before long it sions of South India; also Cey- two untouchable classes. have ac- is probable a democratic conlon and Burma have been vis- cepted Christ as their Lord and Mas- stitution will be given Burma. ter. Thus ten in all have passed out of the darkness of ignorance and -Indian Witness. superstition.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Cannibalism in Malaysia Christians of China, with large complete responsibility for the direc- numbers in sympathy who have tion and support of this varied Chris- The government in the Dutch not yet joined. Among the mem- tian enterprise. Their latest venture East Indies was compelled to bers are the entire Presby- is the new Asia Hotel, thoroughly issue strict prohibitions against terian Church of Christ in equipped with every modern convencannibalism. This is still in China, some 20,000 strong, two ience, conducted on Christian prinvogue among the heathen strong bodies of Mennonites, ciples and free from drinking, gam- Bataks. Dr. Warneck, of the the Holiness Churches in North bling and prostitution. After two Rhenish Mission, reports a con- China, many thousands of the years it is a huge financial success. versation which he had with a China Inland Mission and of The hotel employs a pastor-evangelist heathen chief. This fellow told the Christian and Missionary who constantly works among the hotel in a cynical way that twenty Alliance as well as smaller staff as well as the guests, and many years ago he had been a widely groups of Baptists, Free Meth- have been led to Christ and brought feared man-eater. He described into church membership by means of the whole process in all its odists and others. The League this personal evangelism. cruelties so that Dr. Warneck has started a bi-monthly magaasked him if it was never re- zine in Chinese, called The New Endeavorers in China pugnant to him to devour his Morning Light, under efficient still living victim piecemeal; Chinese editorship. Christian Endeavor in China is a living testimony to the fact that this work is ordained of God and is a vital part of the but he denied it emphatically General Takes Christian Stand Christian church. and said that he was sure that When I was holding evauif the Netherland government General Dzen, a public man were to leave the country can- of prominence in West China, gelistic Christian End e a v 0 r nibalism would flourish anew has been in touch with Chris- meetings in Wenchow, in the in the heathen regions. tianity for twenty years. He south of Chekiang province last has been active with other lead- March, Pastor Lin of the Ping- yang district requested me to ers, both Chinese and foreign, take a series of revival meet- New Center in Siam in work for bettering. the lives ings at Au-chiang, about forty A swamp in Siam gradually of young men. Now, after miles from Wenchow. Pastor filled and became rice fields. twenty years, he has come out Lin pleaded: "My church of Workers built homes on a small boldly and has declared him- seventy-nine branch churches raised area and the result was self on the side of Christ, "re- all over the Pingyang district the village of Nong Yi Pet. penting the past, resolved to has a special claim because in There was one Christian, Uncle struggle for the future, serve everyone of those seventy-nine Poon, but his life was nothing the Cause of Christ and work churches we have a Christian to boast about. At 70 years of for the common good of man- Endeavor soc i e t y; and our age, through the preaching of kind." preachers are products of Chris- -United Church Record. tian Endeavor. The best Bible an evangelist, he became truly converted. A Presbyterian stu- A Possibility Made Actual students and speakers of our dent evangelist made his head- Christian Endeavor societies quarters in this village, then a Following his visit to Hong- are appointed assistant preachsmall chapel was erected out of kong and Canton, Dr. John ers." bamboo with an attap roof, MacNeill thus describes in Mis- -A. T. CHOW, General Secmost of the money and labor sions what grew out of a mis- retary of the China Christian being furnished by the vil- sionary beginning: Endeavor Union.

lagers. Four other converts In Canton one sees what the inhave been won and a center digenous church may become upon the Medical Aid for West China mission field. Here is highly develhas thus been established. oped evangelistic, educational and The United Church of Can- -Siam Outlook. medical work, housed in commodious ada has undertaken a major buildings, and all under the directi.on CHINA of and supported by the native Chi- share in rendering Christian League of Christian Churches nese Church. The great congrega- medical service to the 100,000,- 000 people of West China. Less tions .at the Sunday services were a than forty years ago the first revelation, and to share in the com- Evangelicals in China have munion service with from seven to doctors of this mission reached organized a League of Chris- eight hundred Chinese Christians was Szechuan. During the interventian Churches, a federation of a memorable experience. Here we ing years there has been no found a group of devoted Christian mutually independent denomi- . business men, who head up some of less than three general evacua- the most influential banking and nations, groups and individuals financial interests of Canton. The tions of missionaries to the who are willing. to confess their wise missionary leadership of the coast, and on one occasion pracfaith in the Christ of the Scrip- years has laid heavy responsibilities tically all mission property was tures and in the entire Bible as on the native converts. Do nothing· destroyed. But by 1912 ten sta- for the Chinese Christians that they the Word of God. In two years can do for themselves, is a policy tions had been opened up to this League has drawn to it- abundantly justified. With these men medical work, spread out to self at least one-eighth of the as leaders the Chinese have assumed cover a vast, densely populated

area, with at least one foreign Manchuria Mission Conference shops, and by other such ocdoctor in each of these stations has been organized; its two currences which used to be all for some years. About the same Districts are the North Man- too frequent." time, the mission joined forces churia and Kando. There are with several other missions to in all forty-two churches and American Films in Disrepute found the West China Union twenty-five prayer places ar- University, which included med- ranged in fifteen circuits. The The Federal Council Bulletin ical and dental colleges. Includ- Conference has 1,770 members comments upon Japan's reacing the class of 1931, thirty- and 5,000 adherents. There are tion to American motion picfour doctors and five dentists fifteen parsonages. The total ture films. have been graduated. A little value of the property is placed more than half of these are in at 54,000 yen. As for the effect of motion pictures service with other missions. in the countries of the Orient, the Four training schools are being The first conference was at- National Christian Council of Japan carried on, and two years ago tended by fourteen Korean expressed the generally accepted vie~ a Department of Hygiene and preachers, eleven Bible women, when it wrote to the Federal CouncIl Public Health was initiated. one colporteur and 12 lay dele- of the Churches of Christ in America Already its influence has been gates. One of the latter came not long ago, entreating the churches felt over a wide area. 150 miles on foot. of our land to take every step pos- sible to prevent the continued influx -United Church Record. -Christian Advocate. of undesirable American films into Japan. The -chief censor of the Tokyo Christian Ethics from Confucius JAPAN…:..-CHOSEN police-a non-Christian-w.as quoted as declaring that many of the Amer- There are ethical values in A View of the Slums ican films were highly detrimental to Confucianism w h i c h parallel the morals of the Japanese. For us Christian principles. National- A Japanese slum wears a to be eager to send Christian missionist China has taken its motto very different look from a slum aries to the Orient and to be indiffrom one of the finest pieces of in Europ.e or America, but the ferent -to the sending of films that ancient Chinese literature. same unhealthy conditions and break down the influence of the mis" pernicious influences prevade sionary is certainly .anomalous. When the Great Way is followed all both. A Japanese slum conunder heaven will work for the com- sists of rows of tiny, dark, By Strange Paths mon good. They will advocate sin- flimsily built, one story houses, cerity and cultivate peace. Men will with no sanitary arrangements The fortune-teller has always not limit their friendship to their rela- of any sort, fronting on narrow been an important member of tives, nor their love to their own sons. dirt streets with open sewers Eastern society, and his aid is The aged will have provision made in them. The houses contain still invoked for the choice of for them. The able in body will serve; 1, 2 or at most 3 rooms, and lucky days for weddings, etc. youth will have respect for its elders. these rooms are in all prob- But the following incident, and There will be sympathy for the wid- ability 6 x 13% ft., 6 x 6 ft., for the truth of which I can ows and orphans, and care for the af- and 6 x 9 ft., respectively. And vouch, is perhaps unique in the flicted. The men will accept respon- everywhere there are children! annals of fortune-telling in sibility; the women will be properly The houses are too small to Japan. A young officer in the provided for. contain them all unless they are Japanese army has had to take doubled up asleep benea,th the a year's leave on account of The accumulation of earthly goods bed clothes, so the dirty, dis- lung trouble, and naturally he will be discountenanced. Hoarding ease-breeding streets teem with and his wife have been exceedfor oneself will be done away. Idle- them. ingly worried and anxious ness on the part of those who can about the future. At last she work will be frowned upon. No one "It is in such a slum," writes decided to consult a fortunewill be for himself. Mrs. Hannaford, of the Tokyo teller. When she had put her Presbyterian Mission, "grown questions he sat for some time Thus self-aggrandizement will not up beside the large factory of in silence making criss-cross longer be known, and robbery and a pharmaceutical company, just lines on his forehead with his thieving will cease. When this time outside the limits of Tokyo, forefinger. She wondered what comes, the front door may be left that Tokyo Station has been he was doing, -and suddenly he open. Then will be the true Broth- carrying on a work for chil- asked: "Are you a Christian?" erhood of Man. dren for several years. "No." "Are any of your family Christians?" "No." "But have -Presbyterian Banner. "The whole community is you studied Christianity?" "No. loud in its praise for the I have no connection with Methodists -Organize in change that has come over the Christianity at all." "Well," he children. No more are the peo- said, "I see a shining cross on Manchuria ple troubled by windows being your forehead, and the cross is wilfully broken, by cake and the sign of Christ. I have gods Dr. J. S. Ryang of the fruit being filched from the whom I believe in and go to for Korean Methodist Church be- help, but you, if you want to lieves that Manchuria, despite help your husband, had better the strain of military activity, become a Christian." Among offers a wonderful opportunity for Christian work, ~nd that the condition in that country is just like the one in Korea about twenty years ago. The

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

her acquaintances was the wife Church, and orphanages in week and gave a course of lec- of a rising young lawyer, a Pyengyang and Seoul. tures on "The Message of leading member of the Holy -Presbyterian Banner. Rural Missions," "The Rural Trinity Church at Kumamoto, Community Parish," "Demon- and to her she appealed. This GENERAL strating Rural Evangelism,"

lady is now visiting the young Combating Anti-Semitism "The Rural Missionary" and couple, and last Sunday morn- "Some Larger Issues."

ing the officer's wife was in The International League to The most detailed and comchurch with one of her chil- Combat Anti-Semitism has prehensive study of agriculdren. launched a periodical entitled "The Right to Live." The fol- tural missions which has been -REV. A. C. HUTCHINSON lowing is from a recent issue: made was recently completed of Fukuoka. by Dr. A. L. Carson. Its two -Church Missionary Outlook. "1 ask· for no privilege," says the main purposes were: (1) Jew. "As a human being 1 require Through a comprehensive sur- Progressive Korea no more than the right to live." . vey of the field to assemble There are in all Korea 568 The right to live is not a mere definite data regarding the Christian primary schools, with sanction to exist. It involves all that work now in progress for the 39,774 pupils; 45 academies we call human rights: the right to use of promotional and adminwith 6,211 pupils; 217 kinder- earn a living, the right to education, istrative bodies. (2) To bring gartens with 9,314 pupils; two the right of suffrage, the right to this and other information to men's colleges and one for stand the political equal of any man, bear on a point of vital imwomen, 500 pupils; two theo- the right to make one's own way to portance in any movement, the logical schools, 250 students; a whatever successes his talents merit. selection and training of permedical college, with possibly sonnel. 100, and several nurses' train- The right to live means the right ing schools, with over 100. In to live as an effective man in the Disarmament Conference all these, Bible instruction is world, joining with other men to build regularly given, but the secular a nobler society. For life is not sep- Since the Conference began arately lived and he who is for him- on February 2, much has been subjects, under government in- self alone does no more than exist. accomplished. Its achievements To set men apart, to exclude them from cooperative society, to say to them, "You may not labor with us to carry the common burden because you spection, also are kept to high are a Jew" is to deny the right to to date are: live. standards. 1. A general and unanimous In Christian religious educa- The right to live requires that a agreement in principle among man must be permitted to make the all the nations that all purely tion, 5,400 Sunday schools have best of what talents have been given aggressive weapons shall be a total enrollment of 254,000. him, to the end that he may make a The entire Church goes to Sun- worthy contribution to the social body abolished. day school. One school in of which he is ,a member. The right 2. No property or rights Pyengyang enrolls 2,400, and to live is denied when it is said, "You are a Jew, and therefore, you may achieved through aggression by the 20 schools of that city any nation shall be recognized together enroll over 14,000, or not enter our schools. You are a by the other nations as validone-tenth of the total popula- Jew, and therefore, we shall drive the so-called "Hoover Doctrine." you from our class-rooms."

tion. Last summer the vaca- Rural Mindedness 3. The Conference demontion Bible schools of the coun- strates that the only security is try, meeting in 958 places with The Christian movement that based on confidence and 6,190 volunteer teachers, en- throughout the world is rapidly agreements. No nation has ever becoming "rural-conscious." The been made secure through armed rolled 100,485 pupils. Missionary ladies have start- Jerusalem Meeting of the In- force. ed a W. C. T. U., and a Korean ternational Missionary Council Each day a spirit of detergirl secretary travels, organiz- in 1928, representing Christian mination to make progress with ing societies. The 15,000 Chris- groups from fifty nations, gave the work is expressing itself.

tian Endeavor and several thou- every evidence of this. In sand Epworth League young Toronto last April was held an Missionaries Issue Statement people are also actively pushing Institute on Missions and Rural To express their convictions the movement. In Seoul is a Populations-not to teach agri- regarding the Sino-Japanese society for the prevention of cultural subjects but to deepen controversy, American missioncruelty to animals. There are the rural consciousness of all aries in Japan have issued a societies for fighting the white mISSIOnaries. Lectures were statement, signed by 35, while slave traffic, and the missions given on the Meaning and Task fifteen declined to sign and pay subsidies to the Salvation of Agricultural Missions (as others were absent. The state- Army for maintaining a refuge outlined at Jerusalem), and on ment is in part: home for unfortunate women. Rural Sociology, Agricultural" "Our first word is one of con- There are homes for old peo- Economics and Economic Im- fession …. that the sins of our ple in Syenchun and Pyeng- provement. Dr. Butterfield was nation in the past render any yang, m a i n t a i ned by the present throughout the second protest open to the charge of

inconsistency. . . . We deeply 8. More scientists are work- gether in Annual Conference regret agitation for an economic ing on the curative treatment former missionaries of all evanembargo against Japan, . . . be- of lepers. gelical churches and missionalieving it would more fully unify ries on furlough. Dr. J. T. Gra- Japan in support of military pol- 9. A more intelligent atti- cey was the first president and, icies…. The policy of attempt- tude toward leprosy is shown after serving for twenty-eight ing by military means a solution by the general public. years, was succeeded by Dr. J. of delicate international prob- Sumner Stone. The member~hip lems is one from which we are 10. Education regarding the roll of the Union contains 2,430 compelled to dissociate ourselves. leprosy problem is being spread names of whom some 1,800 are . . . A better way is the new by press and pulpit. living. Over 50 mission boards process of conferences and law. and practically every mission … As we face the long future in 11. More volunteer workers field are represented. The An- Asia, so fraught with possibili- are devoting their efforts to nual Meetings have been times ties of good or ill for the human campaigns against leprosy. of fellowship, inspiration and race, we renew our pledge of faith power. The reasons for disconin what we believe to be the way WILLIAM M. DANNER, tinuance are the expense and the of Jesus as the only wise policy General Secretary, Ameri- multiplication of meetings and in this present situation, and we organizations. The records and call upon our fellow Christians can Mission to Lepers. finances of the Union will be in Japan and everywhere to join transferred to the Foreign Misin that testimony to our com- Three Great Movements sions Conference. mon faith in the power of good will, which alone shall lead the There are three movements that, in H. F. LAFLAMME, world toward a better day." a different fashion in these great Secretary. lands, each indicate how, through the Record of Christian Work. past ten years, "God has been at the Doors Open and Close for Jews helm," as St. Augustine found Him Progress in Work for Lepers to be, "though very secretly." His se- Refugee Jews from eastern cret operation is coming forth now in- Europe have for years found a 1. More lepers are seeking to the light. The three "speaking measure of hospitality in Cuba, help while in the early stages signs" that appear to us in the sky where there has been no organof the disease. above these lands are the Kingdom of ized anti-Semitism. Cuba's mild God Movement in Japan, with Kag- climate has been a further in- 2. More are under treatment awa leading it; the Five Year Move- ducement and as many as 13,000 than ever before, not only in ment in China, and the castle move- Jews have come in a single mission hospitals but in gov- ment into the Christian Church in month. But now, due to ecoernment and municipal institu- India. . . . The Christian Church in nomic depression, the wandertions and at out-patient clinics Japan is a small church in which, we ing Jew finds another refuge and automobile dispensaries. are told, there is far more leadership closed. No laws, as yet, have than rank and file. But Kagawa's been framed against Jews, but 3. More patients have been great influence among the workers is difficulties in the way of entry dismissed as "symptom-free," being used today to spread the Gospel are set up against immigrants, a fact which is putting hope among these multitudes. In China, in that each must have at least into the hearts of all lepers. the Five Year Movement "is com- $200 in his possession as proof manding enthusiasm and energy on that he will not become an ob- 4. There are more Christian every side." Its aim is to knit the ject of charity. lepers. Church together in all its branches, making it, as it should be, a center of On the other hand, Spain, 5. Increased interdenomina- power and hope in the midst of the land of the Inquisition, is now tional cooperation in the leper chaos which today is China. . . . The ready to welcome the return of ministry is exemplified by rooting of Christianity deep in the Jews of Spanish ancestry, and Women's Missionary Federa- soil of these lands is what has to be Foreign Minister Lerroux will tions, Sunday-schools and other central to all Christian effort. The facilitate their naturalization. associations, as well as by the movement of the caste people in South Spanish Jews were driven out of way in which each denomina- India towards the Christian Church Spain by Ferdinand and Isation is blending its efforts with has a similar significance. The caste bella in 1492, at which time a the Mission to Lepers in the people form the citadel of India's life, decree expelling all Jews from common task of cleansing the and it is the example of the outcastes, Spain was issued. The present lepers. transformed by the power of Christ, Catholic press does not take which is now winning these, their old kindly to these friendly over- 6. Anti-leprosy organizations oppressors. . . . The whole story of tures to Jews, arguing an atare being established in many these years is full of enlightenment tempt at Jewish world dominion. countries. and exhilaration.-Dr. Nichol Mac- Other papers ridicule the idea as Nicol in The British Weekly. J udaising the republic. 7. Better governmental cooperation is seen throughout End of the I. M. U. King's Business. the world. After nearly fifty years of useful service the International Missionary Union will close its work at the end of this year. The Union was organized in 1884, at the suggestion of the Rev. W. B. Osborn, to bring to-

to Read on the American

..:( Suggested by MAY HUSTON, New York }I: ..

Associate Secretary, Department of Missionary Education, Board of Education, Northern Baptist Convention GOOD READING FOR ADULT the hardships and dangers of ans in Oklahoma, Miss Craw- AND YOUNG PEOPLE pioneer missionaries. ford was able to adapt herself Ramona, by Helen Hunt Jackson. A Candle in the Mist, by Florence to conditions and was always Little, Brown, 1912. $2.50. First Crannell Means. Houghton Mifflin, able to see the silver lining of published in 1884. 1931. $2.00. every cloud.

The romance of an Indian This. is a challenging pioneer Indian Heroes and Great Chieftains, girl brought up on a great story dedicated to girls. It por- by Charles A. Eastman. Little, Spanish estate who chooses the trays the courageous and re- Brown, 1918. $1.75. life of her own people. This ligious spirit of the men and American classic has had more The author, a full-blooded than one hundred and thirty women who pushed the fron- Sioux, interprets in an unusual printings, and has been shown tiers far to the westward, and way the Indian traits and charin three separate moving-pic- brings in experiences of these acter. This volume contains the ture dramas. The story has pioneers with the Indians of stories of fifteen Indian chiefs, undying qualities as a work of the Northwest. all of whom were strong, brave literary art. men. Some of them were American, The Life Story of a Great Red Men on the Bighorn, by Coe famous scouts and warriors Indian, by Frank B. Linderman. Hayne. Judson Press, 1929. $1.00. while all were mighty hunters. 1930. John Day Edition $3.50, School Edition, World Book Com- The life story of Plenty They endured hardship and at- pany. $1.60. Crows (John Frost), the Crow tained fearlessness, courage, Indian pastor in Montana. This energy, and physical strength. The story of Plenty Coups, is a true account of an Indian Of interest to both adults and Chief of the Crows, who before who as a boy made a vow to young people. his recent death was called the avenge his father's death. Comgreatest living Indian chief. It ing into contact with mission- Indian Heroes, by J. Walker McSpadis by an author who lived ary teachers, under the Chris- den. Crowell Co., 1928. $2.00. among Indians more than forty tian influences, his whole life years whose purpose was "that purpose was changed, and for Another series of stories of a genuine record of his life many years this sturdy Indian Indians somewhat better known might be preserved." has given himself to pastoral than those of the preceding duties within his tribe. This is volume. The book tries to give Women of Trail and Wigwam, by a character-building story of the Red Man's side of the story. Flora Warren Seymour, Woman's victory through Christ. The author's purpose was to Press, 1930. Paper $1.00. have the tales follow in chron- A Jolly Journal, by Isabel Crawford. ological order, thus enabling Sketches of Indian women Revell, 1932. $1.50. him to give a continuous picwho have made names for ture of Indian affairs from the themselves in history and liter- This book gives an insight days of the earliest settlement ature. Stories of bravery and into the life of a pioneer down to our own time. patience, of war and peace, of aid to explorer and captives, preacher and teacher through The Dragon Fly of Zuni, by Alida are woven together in these a journal kept by his daughter Sims Malkus. Harcourt, Brace & tales of forest and tepee. who in turn became a mission- Co., 1928. $2.50. ary to the Indians. Always able This charming story of We Must March, by Honore Willsie to see the funny side of even Squash Blossom, "the fairest Morrow. Morrow Co. $2.00. Edi- serious or provoking situations, of the maids of Zuiii," gives a tion by Stokes Co., 1925. 75 cents. the author of these fascinating great deal of information con- pages will keep the reader . cerning the customs and tradi- This thrilling story of the smiling if not c h u c k lin g tions of the tribe. The author work of Marcus Whitman and t h r 0 ugh the entire book. knows the Indians of the his bride among the Northwest- Whether in a pioneer town in Southwest so well that the ern Indians makes very real North Dakota, or among Indi- reader is carried into the desert [461 ]

country of New Mexico and sic. It contains the music for Study Books made to see both the homes several Indian songs. and the people. Three Arrows: The Young Buffalo Torchlights to the Cherokees, by Hunter, by E. Ryerson Young. Mis- For Study and Reference Robert Sparks Walker. Macmillan sionary Education Movement, 1932. Co., $3.00. 1931. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. Facing the Future in Indian Missions. The story of the Brainerd A story of thrilling interest Pilgrim Press, 1932. Cloth, $1.00; Mission to the Cherokee Indi- based on conditions in the early ans, founded in 1816, and days of Indian missions. Helps paper, 60 cents. broken up when the Cherokees will be prepared for study were forced to give up their courses on this book. Part 1. A Social Outlook on Indian land and move westward. The author had access to many orig- The Indian How Book, by Arthur Missions, by Lewis Meriam, Tech- inal letters and documents and Parker. Doran, 1927. $2.50. the book is a new chapter in nical Director, Survey of Indian the history of Tennessee and This is full of slJggestions Georgia . for Boy Scouts. The art of Affairs, Institute for Government making many different objects, The Winnebago Finds a Friend, by descriptions of Indian dress Research, Brookings Institute. Arthur V. Casselman. Heidelburg and ornaments, ceremonies and Press, 1932. Paper only, 50 cents. mysteries are only part of the Part II. The Church and the Indian, topics treated in a most in- This is an intensely interest- teresting and practical way. By George W. Hinman, formerly ing story of the history of the Winnebago Indians, especially FOR JUNIORS Director of Survey of Indian those residing in Wisconsin; the story of the life and work Waterless Mountain, by Laura A. Work, American Missionary As- of the Stucki family; the mis- Armer. Longmans Green, 1931. .sociation. sion at Black River Falls and $3.00. – school at Neillsville. This gives a vivid picture of An interesting and thought- The American Indian on the New the family and tribal life of a Trail, by Thomas C. Moffett. Mis- Navajo boy. It is beautifully provoking study of the varied sionary Education Movement, 1914. illustrated and compels a new $1.00. (Out of print.) appreciation of a side of Indian work and the vital problems of nature with which Juniors are This former study book con- not too well acquainted-his Christian missions among the tains a great deal of valuable love of nature and his intimate information. It reviews the knowledge of wild life around Indians by two outstanding au- primitive conditions and in- him. A delightful book. herited faith of the Red Man, thorities. and then outlines his new en- The Magic Trail, by Grace Moon. vironment and the influence of Doubleday, Doran, 1929. $2.00. Indian Americans, by Winifred Hul- Christian civilization, showing bert. Pilgrim Press, 1932. Cloth, that the American Indian is in- A junior story by the author $1.00; paper, 60 cents. deed "on the New Trail." of Chi-Wee, full of adventure as Kawani and his sister Yazhe An expression of the thought FOR INTERMEDIATE BOYS follow the magic trail over and aspirations of the young hills, desert, mesas and canyons Indians of many tribes. Writ- AND GIRLS in search for their missing ten as the result of extensive father. Illustrated. travel for the purpose of The Boy's Life of Kit Carson, by gathering material for this vol- Flora Warren Seymour. Cloth $2.00. Totem Tales, by Warren E. Crane. ume. Century, 1929. Revell, 1932. $1.50.

The Story of the Red Man, by Flora An interesting biography This is a book of Indian Warren Seymour. Longmans. $5.00. which brings out admirably the legends, delightfully written. qualities that have made Kit A history of Indian people Carson a favorite hero of boys. For Study by an author who has been on the Board of Indian Commissionersand has done much writing in this field. Excellent for reference purposes.

The Red Man in the United States, by G. E. E. Lindquist. Doubleday Doran, 1923. $3.50.

An intimate study of the social, economic, and religious life of the American Indian. Contains a brief statement concerning nearly every tribe in the United States and mission work being done among them.

Problems of Indian Administration, Winning the Oregon Country, by John Many Moons Ago and Now, by Kath- by Lewis Meriam and Associates. T. Faris. Missionary Education arine Gladfelter. Missionary Edu- Brookings Institute, 1928. $5.00. Movement, 1911. 60 cents. cation Movement, 1932. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. A valuable reference book Another stirring tale of adgiving in detail the findings of venture, featuring the Lewis Contains stories, lesson plans a survey of Indian Administra- and Clark Expedition, the J a- and suggestions for activities. tion. son Lee Volunteers, the work of Marcus Whitman and his FOR PRIMARY CHILDREN The American Indians and Their associates in the Northwest. Music, by Frances Densmore. Wom- The story of the Indians trav- Two Little Navajos, by Hoffman Bir- an's Press, 1926. $2.50. eling two thousand miles for ney. Penn Pub. Co., 1931. $1.50. a book is retold in this book. An excellent resource on In- A colorful story of a little dian history, customs, and mu- Navajo brother and sister who

WHAT TO READ ON THE AMERICAN INDIAN

learn to work as well as play ADDITIONAL BOOKS ALSO WORTH READING the games of their tribe. Suggested by M. K. SNIFFEN The Vanishing Race, by Joseph Dixon. The Pilgrim's Party, by Sadyebeth Doubleday Page, 1913. $3.50. and Anson Lowitz. Richard R. Secretary of the Indian Rights Smith, 1931. $1.50. Association, Philadelphia The Soul of the Indian, by Chas. A. Eastman. Houghton Mifflin, 1911. Before children can read The American Indian. An introduc- $1.00. words, they read pictures. Here tion to the Anthropology of the is the true story of the coming New World by Clark Wissler, Cu- The Indian of Today, by Geo. Grinof the Pilgrims, amusing and rator of Anthropology in the Amer- nell. Duffield & Co., 1911. $1.50. graphic, making us friends of ican Museum of Natural History, (Out of print.) both Pilgrims and Indians. A New York City. Oxford University book for little brothers as well Press, 1922. Famous Indian Chiefs, by C. H. L. as big sisters. Johnston. L. C. Page & Co., 1909. In the first thirteen chapters $1.50. For Study of this book the author gives a general idea of the life of the Ligh~s and Shad?ws of A Long Children of the Great Spirit, by Indians who inhabited the con':' EpIscopate, by BiShop H. B. Whip- Florence C. Means and Frances tinents of North and South ple. Macmillan, 1902. $2.00. Somers Riggs, specialists in pri- America when discovered by mary work. Missionary Education the white man. Although very The In~ian and His Problems, by Movement, 1932. Cloth,· $1.00; readable it is written from a FranCIS E. Leupp. Scribners, 1910. paper, 75 cents. stri~tly scientific point of view. $2.00. (Out of print.) Contains stories, lesson plans The Story of the Indian, by George What the White Race May Learn and suggestions for worship Bird Grinnell. Appleton and Co., From the Indian, by Geo. W. James. and activities. 1921. Forbes & Co.

Indian Playmates of Navajo Land, by Through description and Marcus. Whitman, by Myron Eells. Ethel M. Baader. Missionary Edu- stories, often quite detailed, HarrIman. cation Movement, 1932. Cloth, 75 Grinnell gives an excellent idea cents. of the life and customs of the The Middle Five Indian Boys at Indians of the plains and more School, by Francis LaFlesche (an An excellent course on one western parts of the continent .Indian author). Small, Maynard. of the most important Indian before they were materially aftribes. fected by white contacts. LIfe and Labors of Bishop Hare, by M. A. DeW. Howe. Sturgis and SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL The Red Man in the New World Walton, 1911. $2.50. Drama, by Jennings C. Wise. Teaching Pictures on the American Roberts Co., Washington, D. C., The American Indian, by W. K. Indian, eight pictures 11 x 14. 50 1931. Moorehead. cents. "A Politico-Legal Study with A Century of Dishonor, by Helen Indians of the Southwest Picture a Pageantry of American In- Hunt Jackson. Little, Brown & Co., Sheet. 25 cents. dian History." 1885. $1.50.

American Indian Picture Sheet. 25 The Navajo Indians, by Mary Roberts The Indian Dispossessed, by S. K. cents. Coolidge and Dane Coolidge. Hough- Humphrey. ton, Mifflin, 1931. North American Picture Map, to be My Friend The Indian, by James Mc. colored by the children. 50 cents. History of the Navajos by Laughlin. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., well-qualified authors based on 1910. $2.50. American Indian Insert Sheet for literature, interviews, and the Same, to be used by groups study- examination of culture prod- American (The Story of a Great ing the American Indian. 10 cents. ucts. Indian), by Frank B. Linderman. (These may be obtained from the The Rain Makers-Indians of Arizona Famous Chiefs I Have Known, by Missionary Education Movement.) and New Mexico, by Mary Roberts Maj.-Gen. O. O. Howard. Coolidge. Houghton Mifflin Co., PLAYS 1929. The League of the Iroquois, by Lewis Henry Morgan. Two Thousand Miles For a Book, by Deals largely with the Pueb- Helen L. Willcox. 25 cents. los, their history, social life, Indians of the Painted Desert Region, arts and industries, ceremonies, by Geo. Wharton James. Where the Trails Cross, by Anne etc. Some attention to other Charlotte Darlington. 15 cents. Indians of the Southwest. Soine Memories of a Soldier, by Maj.- Gen. H. L. Scott. Hiawatha Dramatized. March Bros. The Cheyenne Indians, by George 40 cents. Arranged from Longfel- Bird Grinnell (2 yols.) Indians of the Enchanted Desert, by low's masterpiece. Leo Crane. An intimate study of one of Indian Tableaux, by Anita B. Ferris. the group of the plains. The Land of Journey's Ending, by Mary American Missionary Association. style is largely that of detailed Austin. 15 cents. description and story. Old Indian Trails, by Walter Mc- Marcus Whitman's Call, by Anna C. Clintock. Swain. Baptist Dept. of Missionary Education. 15 cents. Story of the American Indian, by Paul Radin. Boni and Liveright. School Days in Oklahoma, by Helen $5.00. L. Willcox. Baptist Dept. of Mis- sionary Education. 15 cents. Kootenai Why Stories, by Frank B. Linderman.

Zuni Tales, by Aileen Nusbaum.

Skunny Wundy and Other Indian Tales, by Arthur C. Parker.

The Basket Woman, by Mary Austin.

The Indian's Book, by Natalie Curtis. Harper Bros. $7.50.

Pioneer Days in the Early Southwest, by Grant Foreman.

Oregon Trail, by Francis Parkman.

Joe Pete, by Florence McClinchey.

Holt & Co. Missionary Explorers Among the American Indians, by M. G. Humphreys. Scribners, 1913.

GENERAL BOOK JlEVIEWS know the real problems of mis- inspiring story. The ground has The Foreign Missionary. By Arthur sions and to study the issues in- been covered in other books, for Judson Brown. New Edition. 8 vo. volved in them; candidates for the literature of the subject 412 pp. $2.00. Fleming H. Revell missionary service wanting in- has become voluminous; but Co. New York. 1932. formation about the work to the author has told it again in which they look forward; mis- a fresh and effective way and This is one of the best mis- sion study classes and all friends sionary books that has ever be~n and enemies of the foreign mis- brought the record down to sionary enterprise, should read date. The book contains much written. It appeared first m and reflect upon this honest, excellent material and the thir- sensible, competent book. teen a p pen d ice s present a e1d9i0t7i~nandwtihthis is the thirteenth wealth and variety of statistical revisions. Its ROBERT E. SPEER. information. nineteen chapters cover the Hudson Taylor's Legacy. Edited by Dr. Clark, who writes on Marshall Broomhall. 12 mo. 167 whole range of missionary pur- "RELIGIONS OF OLD KOREA," is pose, admini~trat~on and r~la­ tionships, whlCh It ~reats WIth abundant authoritatIve knowl- pp. 2s 6d. China Inland Mission, already favorably known to edge and with wise an~ sure London. 1932. readers of missionary literature judgment. The book I~ not through his former books: academic theorizing and It be- Few men combine the spirit- "The First Fruits in Korea" ual insight and temporal wis- and "Korea and the Nevius longs to a different class froI? dom, the faith and the courage~ Methods" as well as through the superficial missionary arti- the humility and strength of numerou's articles in the re- mind, the passion for souls and ligious press. The present cles and volumes which are too the administrative ability that volume consists of lectures decommon. From fruitful pastor- characterized Hudson Taylor, livered at four theological semiates in which he was in contact the founder of the China Inland naries during his furlough in with the problems of Christian- Mission. He saw a vision and America. They so impressed was moved with compassion; he the faculties and students that ity in America Dr. Brown came heard a call and responded; he their publication in permanent to the Secretaryship of the was tested in many ways and form was una n i m 0 u sly re- stood true; Many in every land, quested. Dr. Clark is a ~is­ Presbyte<rian Board of Foreign old and young, rich and poor, sionary of the PresbyterIan Missions in 1895. He has been have been stirred in like manall his life a tireless student of ner through the spiritual mes- Church, South, .an.d has writte.n missions and for thirty-four sages and experiences that he shares with them. Some of his out of a rich mISSIOnary expenyears he was one of our ablest wonderful insight into truth, ence of thirty years. He has and most responsible mISSIon- and fellowship with God, are added to heavy and exacting ary administrators. He has promised in this volume, which labors as an evangelist, and is published on the centenary of professor of practical theology written here out of full and ade- Hudson Taylor's birth. The in the Presbyterian Theological quate study of missions at first chapters include extracts from Seminary at Pyengyang, a pro- addresses and Bible studies; leshand both on the field and in the sons from his rich experiences found study of the religions work of administration at home. and glimpses of the abiding fruit which Christianity encounters of his labors. in Korea-B u d d his m, Con- If Dr. Brown were rewriting fucianism, S ham ani s m, and Korea, The Hermit Nation and Its Re- various minor cults. His point his book entirely today there sponse to Christianity. By T. Stan- of view is that of a conservawould undoubtedly be some re- ley Soltau. 123 pp. 3s. 6d. World tive evangelical missionary who shadings and rearrangement· of Dominion Press, London. wisely sees that "The religions of the various countries of the perspective; but the fundamen- Religions of Old Korea. By Charles world are not made-to-order, tal things would be unaltered. Allen Clark. 295 pp. $2.50. Revell. mechanical things, nor concoc- He is ready for new methods New York. 1932. tions of witch doctors or priests for their own private profit and and changed adjustments but Korea is one of the younger benefit. They are the various the central things he would not missionary fields. It lacks two ways in which men have tried change. To hi~ Ch~istian~ty years of its first half century to explain or understand the is a real and solId thmg WIth and some of its pioneer mis- universe, and the ways by roots in history and with its sionaries are still living. But which they have tried to adjust power in God; and he is not pre- all intelligent Christians know themselves to ultimate reality." pared to have it remodeled for of the wonderful work for It is an able and scholarly work, any temporary caprice. He Christ that has been done in thoroughly documented, with Korea and that is going on with several illustrations, three apknows what the aims of foreign unabated vigor. In the first of pendices, an extensive biblimissions should be and would the two volumes mentioned ography, and a careful index. have the enterprise clearly dis- above, Mr. Soltau, a member of the Pre s b y t e ria n mission, A. J. B. cern and unceasingly fulfill. this U. S. A., since 1914, tells the aim 'of making Jesus Christ known to men as their Saviour and the world's Saviour, and of establishing living Christian Churches.

Ministers wanting missionary sermons; laymen desiring to

Books Obituary Notes "I

Christian Education in Japan-Report Rev. Edward Marsden, Presbyterian I had a of the Commission on Christian missionary at Metlakatla, Alaska, Education. Maps and Charts. 247 died there May 7. Mr. Marsden, son Prodigy pp. International Missionary Coun- of a chief .of the Tsimpshean tribes, cil. New York. 1932. was said to be the first convert of for a William Duncan, missionary from Ling-Yang. Ethel T. Thompson. 96 London, who had come to Fort Simp- Child" pp. 50 cents paper; $1 cloth. Cen- son in 1856. To avoid the evil in- tral Committee. North Cambridge. fluence of heathen practices "Father" '·1 thou~ht I had a prodigy for. child," • mother 1932. Duncan withdrew with his group of wrote us. 'But when I found that other children Christians to Metlakatla, 17 miles studying at home accomplished the stlme results and Lady Fourth Daughter of China. south of Fort Simpson, and in this with ease, I knew it was your Calvert Course and . Mary B. Hollister. 237 pp. 50 Christian community Edward Mars- methods." cents paper; 75 cents cloth. Central den grew up. He came under the Committee. No. Cambridge. 1932. influence of Sheldon Jackson and Calvert School trove Is to children oil over the dedicated himself to the ministry, world to give them, wherever they mdY live, eU thorough Living Issues in China. Henry T. studying in the United States and dn elementary education as children attending the Hodgkin. 215 pp. 60 cents paper; graduating from Marietta College and Calvert Day School in Boltimore, Maryland. It come, $1 cloth. Friendship Press. New Lane Seminary. He later developed to your home, bringing with it interesting bookst York. 1932. the church at Metlakatla, of which he pictures, new read ins devices and up-to-d.ste equip- became pastor in 1920. ment-everything the child needs for any Yea's work. Modern India. Sir John Cumming. The lessons ore clearly outlined step by step, and 304 pp. $1.50. Oxford University *** interesting to both parent ond child. Press. London. 1932. Principal Dugald McKichan, former- The knowledge of Calvert troined boys ond girl, Rainbow Empire. Stuart Bergsma. ly of Bombay and ex-Moderator of the impresses people-and impresses their tedchers later 294 pp. $3. Eerdmans Pub. Co. Church of Scotland, died recently. He when they finolly toke their place in high or preporotory Grand Rapids. 1932. was a missionary statesman under school. There is the usual elementory educotion, whose administration Wilson College, also rich training In cultural 41nd scientific subjects. Religious Education in Rural Church- Bombay, grew into a bulwark not of Scores of miSSionaries, exchange doctors, parents in es. Henry W. McLaughlin. 220 pp. faith alone, but of civilization in the the diplomatic service, h.ve enrolled their children, $1.50. Revell. New York. 1932. Eastern Empire. and found them wei equipped to enter hieh or pre:pdratory school on their return to the United States. Songs of Life. Henry Watson Frost. ** * There have been so manr of these enrolments thot now 120 pp. $1.25. Loizeaux Bros. there are Calvert Schoo centers in foreign fields. New York. 1932. Rev. William Walton Clark, D. D., a well known Bible teacher and for The full course begins with the first grade and Salting the Earth. H. & H. F. Top- ten years the Field Secretary of the carries through six years till hiSh school. It moy be ping. 38 pp. 20 cents. H. Top- Board of Domestic Missions of the taken os 0 whole or in port-ot 0 complete cost of $40 ping. Reformed Church, died on May 12th. a year, the school furnishing all lessons dnd materials. Persondl criticism of pupil's work by Cdlvert tedchers Silver and Gold. E. F. E. Wigram. *** $20 odditional. Kinders.rten courses ore avoil.ble 132 pp. $1. Church Missionary So- for use by individuals at $10.50, or in groups at ciety. London. 1932. Dr. Samuel D. Price, Business Sec- reduced cost. retary of the WorId's Sunday School The Partiality of Jesus. E. C. Com- Association, died of heart trouble at V. M. Hillyer, founder of Calvert Home Instruction fort. 154 pp. $1.25. Eerdmans his home in Montclair, N. J., on May School, wrote "A Child's History", "A Child', Pub. Co. Grand Rapids. 1932. 17th. Dr. Price has been a member Geography"-successful books imbued with the chorm of the official staff of the World's Sun- and appeal thot enliven all Colvert home lessons. Three Arrows. E. Ryerson Young. day School Association since 1917, Use the coupon for full information. 183 pp. $1 cloth; 75 cents paper. coming from successful Presbyterian Friendship Press. New York. 1932. pastorates at Shrewsbury and Cam- CALVERT SCHOOL, den, N. J. He received the A. B. The Advance Guard-200 Years of degree from New York University in 187 E. Tuscany Rood, Baltimore, Md. Moravian Missions. 95 pp. Mora- 1893 and the B. D. and A. M. degrees vian Book Room. London. 1932. from Princeton Theological Seminary Please send me full information, including" sample in 1896. In 1917, New York Univer- lesson. The Mother. Yusuke Tsurumi. 287 sity conferred upon him the honorary pp. $2.50. Rae D. Henkle. New degree of Doctor of Divinity. NAME …….. . York. 1932. Dr. Price gave his principal atten- ADDRESS … Under the Southern Cross. John tion to finance and pUblicity work for Christiansen. 220 pp. Scandinavi- the Association. Dr. Price also found Personal Items an Alliance. Chicago. time to serve as a member of the Lord's Day Alliance of New Jersey, (Continued from 2d Cover) The World's Danger Zone. Sherwood the New Jersey Christian Endeavor Eddy. 119 pp. $1. Farrar & Union and the International Council Dr. J. H. Rushbrooke, General Sec- Rhinehard. New York. 1932. of Religious Education. He has retary of the Baptist World Alliance, served since 1901 as the Recording left England on June 30th for Aus- World Pictures in the New Testament. Secretary of the New Jersey Council tralia and New Zealand. A. T. Robertson. 451 pp. $3.50. of Religious Education. Long & Smith. New York. 1~32. *** *** When Jew:s Face Christ. Edited by H. S. Ferguson, of the China In- Henry Einspruch. 188 pp. The Rev. Dr. David Matthis Sweets, land Mission, was captured by brig- Mediator. Baltimore. 1932. editor of "The Christian Observer" ands early in May and is still being and a minister of the Southern held captive. Earnest, definite prayer Youth and Creative Living. C. P. Presbyterian Church, died of a heart is asked for his release. Maus. 167 pp. $1.25. Long & attack at his home in Louisville, Ky., Smith. New York. 1932. June 8th. He was sixty-four years· Conditions in the province of Kansu old. At the time of his death he was are very difficult. Along one of the Brothers of the Lotus Buds. Godfrey a trustee of the General Assembly of main highways all the wells have been Webb-Peploe. 150 pp. 28., 6d. S. the Presbyterian Church in the United destroyed so that travel is impossible. P. C. K. London. 1932. States and of Center College. Moslem robbers are also very active, making missionary work hazardous. Everyland Children-Ah Fu and Me Despite these dangers, workers con- Too. Lucy W. Peabody. 56 pp. tinue to make every effort to reach 25 cents. Central Committee. No. the people and reinforcements have Cambridge. 1932. been sent by the C. I. M, to the sta- tions within its borders. Christianity and the New WOrld. F. R. Barry. 317 pp. $3. Harpers. New York. 1932.

Cameos of Our Lord: Pen Pictures of the Glories of the Matchless Man of Galilee. Robert Lee. 191 pp. 3s. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1932.

THE MOSLEM

SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JULY NUMBER:· Hurgronje's "Mekka" .•.•.•..••••.•••.•••••••••••••.•••••.••….•.. Samuel M. Zwemer The Wahhabis and Ibn Sa'ud ••.•••….•.•• " •………••….••……••••• W. F. Smalley c. Medievalism in Arabia ….•.•••.••.•.••.•.•••.•..•.•……..••••.••••• S. G. Mylrea The Dragon's Teeth in Macedonia .•.•••••.•••••.•.•••••..•••..••..•.•.••. George Stewart The Martyrs of Nejran ..••.•.••.•••••.•.•••••.•••••••.•.••..•••..•.•. W. G. Greenslade Work Among the Blind in Egypt •••••.•••••••••••••••••••••..•••.••.•••.•• Gindi Ibrahim The Passion Play of Islam ••••••.••..•.•.•••.•.••..•.••••..•••.•.••..••• An Eye-Witness A Turkish Evangelist in Bulgaria …•……..••.••..•.•.••..•.•••…..•.. Stephan ThornoFf Hindu-Moslem Relations in India •.•…•••.•.•.•.•.•••…•••.••••..•••.•.. B. C. Ishwardas Current Topics • . . Book Reviews • • • Survey of Periodicals » SUBSCRIBE TODAY « Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 Filth Avenue N.w York Cily Single Copies! 50C'i Annudl Subscription, $2.00i in Combindtion with the REVIEW, $3.50 MARSHALL. MORGAN .. SCOTT. 12 Pel.rno,ler Building•• London Price in Gre.1 Briteln. Eishl Shilling•• nel Moslem Opposition Is Yielding Before Christian Testimony The Good News of Christ interpreted to Moslems through the Christian life and literature is winning a hearing for the Gospel in many lands.

Will you help to supply this much needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard this Good News-in Egypt Syria Irak Chine Morocco Palestine Persia Jaye Algiers Turkey India Tunis Arabia Malaysia Sumatra South Africa Send your help to the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian literature Society For Moslems Cooperating with Interdenominational Committees on the field.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William I. Chdmberldin, Ph.D., President . . . Dr. Robert E. Speer! Deldvdn L. Pierson! of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. Willidm Bdncroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Mrs. Willidm Borden Mrs. J. M. Montgomery Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Dr. James Cdntine, Cor. Sec. Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treds. Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.D. Rev. Mills J. Tdylor, D.D.

Rev. Thomds S. Donohugh Dr. John H. Rdven Rev. A. C. Snead Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D.

Gifts may be sent to The Treasurer at 116 East 68th St., New York City. Apply for information to THE MOSLEM WORLD, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1932

1932

THE "Lo Mo" of San Francisco Arthur J. Brown An Intense Probletn in Persia James H. Linton A Moravian Bi–Centennial J. Taylor Hamilton Do Foreign Missions Cost Too Much Cleland B. McAfee In the Reign of King Msidi Mrs. John M. Springer

Items The Rev. Juan E. Gattinoni, Super-

intendent of the Buenos Aires district The Rev. Will'on Carlile, founder of of the Eastern SDuth American Meth- odist Episcopal Church, was recently the Church Army of the Church of elected a bishDp by the Central Con- England, celebrated his eighty·fifth ference of SDuth America in session birthday anniversary on January 14th. at SantiagD, Chile. He will have This Church Army, which he founded episcopal residence in Buenos Aires, sixty years ago, has now a thousand where he was pastDr frDm 1920 to commissioned officers. He gave up his 1930. Bishop Gattinoni was born in business as a prosperous silk mer· Italy and went to Argentina as a chant, and chose poverty that he child. might minister to the needy in the slums of London. For fifty years the (Continued on 3d Cover) Church Army has sought to win men, women and children to Christ. OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMEN:r Fastest *** Statement of the ownership. Dlanagement. etc.. required by the Act of Congress of !Aucrossing The Rev. J. W. C. Dougall has re- gust 24. 1912. of the ~Issionary Review of signed from the principalship of the the World. published monthly at Indianapolis. TOJAPAN Jeanes School in Kenya to serve as Indiana. for April 1. 1932. educational adviser to the missions in AND Kenya and Uganda. Mr. Dougall is State of New York. County of Westchester. 08: taking a year of studies at the Lon- Before me. a notary public, in and for the CHINA don Day Training College and hopes to take up his duties in Kenya in state and county aforesaid. personally ap- Fastest crossing of the Pacific is September. peared Delavan L. Pierson. who. having been by Empress Direct Express route. duly sworn according to law. deposes and says 10 days flat from Vancouver to *** that he is the editor and business manager of Yokohama. the Missionary Review of the World. and that Hastings K. Banda, the son of a the following is. to the best of his knowledge Empress of. Asia and Empress of chief in Nigeria, Africa, received his and belief, a true statement of the ownership. Russia, largest and fastest liners on Ph. B. degree at the recent convoca· management. etc., of the aforesaid publication thisrun,olfer First Class forthe most tion at the University of Chicago. He for the date shown in the above caption. re- fastidious •.. AT NEW LOW FARES. is the first member .of that tribe to quired by the Act of Congress August 24. 1912. become a Christian as well as the first embodied in section 411. Postal Laws and For a crossing with Honolulu to receive any education beyond the Regulations. interlude, book by Empress of sixth grade. His home is in the heart Japan, largest, fastest liner on the of the Livingstone country, where 1. That the names and addresses of the Pacific. Or take luxurious. Empress Scotch Presbyterian missionaries publisher. editor and business manager are: of Canada, her running mate. Sail· work among his people. He plans ings from San Francisco or Los to study medicine and will then re- Publisher–Missionary Review Publishing Angeles connect with them at turn to minister to his own people. Co., Inc., 156 Fifth Avenue. New York. New Honolulu. Enjoy the smart, sump. York. tuous luxury of their First Class. *** On all Empresses, a Tourist Class, Editor and Business Manager-Delavan L. of true Empress standard. Countess Margit Bethlen of Hun- Pierson. 156 Fifth Avenue. New York. New gary was ordained as an elder in the York. All Empress sailings from Van· First Magyar Church of New York couver (trains go direct to ship. recently. Countess Bethlen, who is 2. That the owners and the names and ad- side, baggage checked through to the wife of the former Premier .of dresses of stockholders owning or holding 1 state·room) and Victoria: Hungary, has been .on a lecture tDur per cent or more of total amount of stock are: in this cDuntry fDr several mDnths. Owner: Missionary Review Publishing- Co.• Fastest by Direct Express The Rev. Ladislaus Harsanyi, pastor Inc.. 156 Fifth Avenue. New York: Stock- Empress of Canada .. May 7. July 2 .of the church, asked the questiDns .of holders: Mrs. Wm. Borden. New York: Empress of Russia. May 21,July 16 ordination. Edwin L. Bulkley. Englewood. N. J.: H. N. Dougherty. New York: D. J. Fleming-. New Fastest Via Honolulu *** York; Dr. and Mrs. C. R. Erdman. Princeton. Empress of Japan .• June 5. July 30 N. J.: S. H. Gillespie. Morristown. N. J.; W. Empress of Asia .. June 18, Aug. 13 Canon Anson Phelps Stokes, .of the A. Harbison. New York: W. B. Hill, Pough· Protestant Episcopal Cathedral,Wash- keepsie. N. Y.; Mary L. Howard. Hartford. Reduced round trip fares. ington, D. C., has accepted an invita- Conn.: Manly R. Hubbs. Huntington. L. I.; Information, reservations, from tion of the Carnegie FoundatiDn to Mrs. A. McD. Kortright. Huntington. L. I.; your own agent or Canadian Pacific deliver a course .of lectures in the R. A. Long. Kansas City. Mo.: Walter Mc- offices in New York, Philadelphia, colleges of South Africa. He expects Dougall, Upper Montclair. N. J.; D. L. Pier- Chicago, Montreal and 3 1 other to leave in May and will visit Egypt, son. Upper Montclair. N. J.; E. R. D. Pierson. cities in United States and Canada. Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika, the Upper Montclair. N. J.: James H. Post. New Belgian Congo, and South Africa. York: S. F. Shattuck. Neenah. Wis.,; R. E. CANADIAN Speer. New York; lIrs. J. Livingston Taylor. * '* * Cleveland. Ohio. PACIFIC Dr. Robert R. Moton, Principal of 3. That the known bondholders. mortg-ag"". Tuskegee Institute, has been awarded and other security holders owning or holding the Spingarn Medal. for '1932 by the 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds. National Association for the Ad- mortgages or other securities are: None. vancement of CDIDred People. The award was made "for his thoughtful 4. That the two paragraphs next above. leadership of conservative .opinion and giving the names of the owners. stockholders. actiDn .on the NegrD in the United and security holders. if any. contain not only States, as shDwn in the U. S. Vet- the list of stockholders and security holders erans' Hospital contrDversy at Tus- as they appear upon the books of the com- kegee; by his stand. on education in pany but also. in cases where the stockhold..r Haiti; by his support .of equal oppor- or security holder appears upon the books of tunity for the Negro in the American the company as trustee or in any other public SChDDI system, and by his ex- fiduciary relation. the name of the person or pressiDn of the best ideals .of the corporation for whom such trustee is acting. NegrD in his book, 'What the Negro is given; also that the said two paragraphs Thinks.' H contain statements embracing affiant's full knowledge and belief as to the circumstances and conditions under which stockholders and security holders who do not appear upon the books of the company as trustees. hold stock and securities in a capacity other than that of a bona fide owner; and this affiant has no reason to believe that any other person; as- sociation. 01" corporation has any interest direct or indirect in the said stock. bon,ds. or other securities than as so stated by him.

DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor and Business Manager.

Sworn to and subscribed before me this 28th day of March. 1932.

[SEAL] EDITH ARER. Notary Public.

to Remember THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

May 2-General Conference of the DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, At- lantic City, New Jersey. Vol. LV' M~y, 1932 No.5 May 5-11-Biennial Convention of the Page YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN Asso- FRONTISPIECE-Scenes in the Country of Msidi, Central Africa .. CIATIONS, Minneapolis, Minn. TOP'ICS OF THE TIMES……………………………….. 259 May 15-2I-CHURCH CONFERENCE OF SOCIAL WORK, Philadelphia, Pa. Reports on the Crime Wave A Time for Courage and Sacrifice Meeting Deficits and Making Budgets Facing the Crisis in England May I8-Annual Conference, METH- ODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH, Colum- "LO MO" OF SAN FRANCISCO…………………………. 263 bus, Ohio. By the Rev. Arthur J. Brown, D.D., LL.D., Secretary Emeritus of th"" May I8-20-THE COMMUNITY CHURCH Presbyterjan Board of Foreign Missions WORKERS OF U. S. A., Buffalo, N. Y. AN INTENSE PROBLEM IN PERSIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 267 May 24-28-A GENERAL SYNODICAL MEETING OF THE REFORMED CHURCH By Bishop James H. Linton, Missionary Bishop of the Church Mis- IN THE U. S., Cleveland, Ohio. sionary Society May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- A MORAVIAN MISSIONARY BI-CENTENNIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 TERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A., Denver, Colo. By J. Taylor Hamilton, D.D.. Bishop of the Moravian Church May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- TH~ PRINCETON DECLARATION ON CHURCH AND MISSIONS 274 TERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S., Mon- treat, N. C. DO FOREIGN MISSIONS COST TOO MUCH? …………….. 275 June 2-General Synod of REFORMED By the Rev. Cleland B. McAfee, D.D.. LL.D., Executive Secretary of the CHURCH IN AMERICA, Kingston, Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. N. Y. "NIGHTS WITH GOD" IN AUCKLAND …………………… 277 June 8-15-Annual General Confer- ence, CHURCH OF THE BRETHREN, By the Rev. A. S. Wilson Anderson, Ind. "IN THE REIGN OF KING MSIDI" ………………………. 279 June 14-24-Southwide Conference of the Young Woman's Auxiliary, By Mrs. John M. Springer, a Missionary of the American Methodist Woman's Missionary Union of the Episcopal Church at Jadotville, Central Africa Southern Baptist Convention, Ridgecrest, N. C. MAHATMA GANDHI OR CHRIST IN INDIA ……………….. 284 June 16-20-Annual Convention of the By C. L. Sury, B.A.. LL.B., Lahore, India WOMEN'S GENERAL MISSIONARY SO- CIETY OF THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN THE CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO THE JEWS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 286 CHURCH, Columbus, Ohio. By the Rev. John S. Conning, D.D., Director of Jewish Work, Board of June 20-July 2-INSTITUTE OF INTER- National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. NATIONAL RELATIONS, NORTHWEST- ERN UNIVERSITY, Evanston, Ill. FENNELL PARISH TURNER-A Friend and Fellow Servant ….. 292 June 20-July I-Conference for Min- By the Rev. J. Lovell Murray, D.D., Director of the Canadian School isters and Religious Workers, and of Missions, Toronto, and formerly Educational Secretary of the one on Church Work in Cities and Student Volunteer Movement Industrial Communities, will meet jointly this year at Union Theolog- MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN THE LOCAL CHURCH ………. 295 ical Seminary, New York City. By the Rev. Norris L. Tibbetts, Pastor and Director of Religious Edu- Mission Suisse-A Correction cation in Hyde Park Baptist Church, Chicago, Ill.

Our attention has been called to an EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING ………………………. 297 error that appeared in our December, 1931, issue (page 9(0) in reference to Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison the change of the "Mission Suisse Romande" to the "Mission Suisse dan WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 301 I'Mrique du Sud." The facts are given as follows by the Rev. D. P. Edited by Annp. Seesholtz and F10rence G. Tyler Lenoir, Secretary, whose address is 2 Cheman des Cedres, Lausanne, OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK …………. . 305 Switzerland: A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events "In 1929 the name of the society was changed, in recognition of the aid OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF ………………………… 317 given to the mission by various friends in the German-speaking Can- Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information tons. It had previously been under the Protestant churches of French- Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana speaking Switzerland. The society's fields of labor are in the Transvaal Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City and in Portuguese East Africa. The mission supports 100 missionaries Entered …. second-class matter at Post-Office, Indianapolis, Ind., under Act of and requires half a million Swiss francs for its annual budget. At the March 3, 1879. last annual missionary assembly the subscribers showed their firm resolve 25 cents a cop}'-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year to maintain the work in spite of the present financial difficulties. The Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by tbe Swiss Mission continues in faith to carryon the work God has given her MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC. to do." Board of Directors ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MILTON J. STAUFFER WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President A. L. W ARNSHUIS WALTER MCDOUGALL, Tre….urer MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH

MEMORIAL CHURCH. ELISABETHVILLE. "SWANA"-CHARLES A. SWAN. MISSIONARY

CENTRAL AFRICA MSIDI'S PEOPLE.

Here are crowd'S of Christian Africans entering the Church which is built on the spot where fifty years ago witchcraft and murder were practiced.

MWENDA. MSIDI'S SON. AND HIS HEAD WIFE. BUHI-IN A LUBA WOMAN OF THE PRESENT DAY-NEAR BUNKEY~. FOREIGN DRESS. IN NATIVE DRESS.

SCENES IN THE COUNTRY OF KING MSIDI, CENTRAL AFRICA Rl3VIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER FIVE MAY, 1932 Topics. of the Times REPORTS ON THE CRIME WAVE What are the causes of this unhealthy state of Police reports for New York, and for most of society? Police magistrates and students of social the other large cities of the United States, reveal conditions declare that today these crimes are not a distressing and ominous increase in crime. The generally traceable to the economic depression or number of lawbreakers, their boldness. and the even to a larger use of intoxicants and drugs, proportion of youthful criminals, have all in- but they are due mainly to inadequate moral and creased since the World War. ThE:! police com- religious training. In other words crime, which missioner reports that in spite of all that 20,000 is an infraction of human laws, is due to a lack of policemen can do to protect life and property in a true sense of sin, which is a disregard for God's laws. The great safeguard against crime is char- New York City, murders there have risen 16% acter, and the basis of character is right relationduring the past year. The causes for these kill- ship to God. In proportion as men and women ings are described as due to personal quarrels and disregard God and His laws, they think lightly gangster disputes, to bootlegging and robbing, to of sin and crime increases. When personal de- "love affairs" and family quarrels. The cases of sires lead men to disregard the rights of others, they hesitate to break the laws of society only on assault and robbery have also increased by 23 % the basis of expediency. The cure for crime is the destruction of its root-sin-plantingin its and "holdups" 60 % in one year. Arrests for homicide have multiplied threefcld in 30 years.

The most disturbing feature of this report is, place reverence and love for God and unselfish however, the growth in the number of youthful goodwill for men.

criminals and in the women taking active part in America's weakness today is due to the fact crimes of violence. A few years ago practically that our homes are not sufficiently the center of all those arrested were middle-aged men experi- family life and the place of effective religious enced in crime. Today a very large number are training. The Church is neglected by parents who young men between the ages of seventeen and formerly attended, but now are failing to set a twenty-one, with a liberal sprinkling of young worthy example to their children. Multitudes of women. Of the 477,324 arrests made in New parents are actually afraid to restrain their minor York City last year, 6,327 were children under children in their reading, their amusements, their sixteen, and 136,949 were between sixteen and companions and their habits. They are no longer twenty-five years of age. true representatives of God in the home, for like The report of the New York Society for the David in his dealings with his son Adonijah Suppression of Vice is also disturbing. Last year (I Kings 1 :6), they fear to displease their chil- over five thousand obscene books and many thou- dren by correcting them. The result is disaster.

sands of similar pamphlets and pictures were con- What can be expected when society becomes dis- fiscated and destroyed. The prosecutions and con- eased at its base and when parents and the home fiscations would have been much more numerous no longer exercise a powerful counteracting influ- were it not for the fact that the censorship and ence to the allurements of the world, the flesh, and judgment as to what literature is obscene is much the devil?

less strict than it was twenty years ago. The America needs to return to the God of our type of theatricals and "movies" permitted is also fathers, as He is revealed in Jesus Christ, His reported as increasingly objectionable from a son. Many times judges on the bench have de- moral point of view. Some dance halls and clared that Christian training is the only hope "speakeasies" are naturally the breeding places of of youth, and youth forms the foundation of vice and crime. society.

[259]

MEETING DEFICITS AND MAKING BUDGETS China Inland Mission The "period of economic readjustment" through Income for 1931 shows increase of nearly 10% over 1930. which we are passing has been one of the causes The Mission makes no definite budget but spends accordfor the falling off in gifts to missions from 10 to 35 percent. It is not difficult to see what this ing to ,amount received. means. If a mission board has based its budget No reduction in remittances. Missionary salaries have on $1,000,000 income, is supporting on the field 600 missionaries and helping to maintain 100 been slightly increased to meet drop in silver market. schools and hospitals, then a reduction of the in- New missionaries have been sent out-two hundred in come to $700,000 or $800,000 means that the work the past two years when the "Forward Movement" has or the workers must suffer a severe cut. In most been in progress. cases, the expenses have been kept as low as seems Not anticipating curtailment in missionary program; consistent with efficiency, so that such a cut means seeking to enlarge evangelistic activities. either dismissal of workers, reduction in salaries, the closing of schools and hospitals or reductions Christian and Missionary Alliance all along the line. The latter has been the course followed during the past year in most cases. One Receipts considerably below 1930. society, the China Inland Mission, has, however, No fixed salaries paid; slight reduction made in allowin the last two years, been enabled to send to the field 200 new missionaries without reducing the ances fbr living expenses, pro rata to receipts, after living allowances of its workers. fixed charges ,are met. Native churches are assuming increased responsibility. A letter to the treasurers of the foreign mission Missionary interest at home is promoted by prayer and boards has brought out the following facts as to Bible study, literature and conferences. what adjustments have been made to meet the Hope to send out twenty or more new missionaries this reduced incomes. These statements are not all year. on the same time basis as fiscal years end at different dates. Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions American Baptist Foreign Mission Society Decrease in income about 18%. Budget is $1,000,000 less than three y;ears ago. Decrease in receipts to date about 13%. Serious reductions in property account and reinforce- All home staff voluntarily accepted 10% reduction and missionary salaries cut 10%. ments. No ,avoidable additions to appropriations. Home base expenses reduced and most of foreign property No reduction in salaries at home or abr.oad. items 11ave been cut from the budget. Voluntary offerings by members of the executive staff. Contemplating a reduced budget for 1932-3. Campaign to secure 100,000 individuals in churches who Board of Missionary Cooperation is promoting "The Main- will support missionaries on basis of $5 a day.

tenance Movement" to stimulate the church. Considering withdrawal from some fields, if slump con- Board hopes to maintain present scale of work. tinues, but opposition to this course is strong.

American Board (Congregational) Methodist Episcopal Church, South Income shows net loss of 15%. Income decreased $260,000 in past year-about 25%. No reductions in budget thus far but expect to reduce Budget reduced $500,000 (generally) since 1930-no new appropriations after September 1st. buildings authorized. Salaries at home and abroad reduced 5% to 10% from Headquarters staff and missionaries have accepted 10% May 1st. cut. Voluntary contributions by missionaries and home staff Plan intensive cultivation of home church with district amount to about 5% up to May 1st. institutes to discuss whole program. Chief reductions in appropriations to work under native Situation will be considered at annual meeting.

churches or missions; also in appointment of new mis- Moravians sionaries and in decrease in present staff. Proportionate cut in home expense and promotion work. Decrease of income from contributions 10%, and from Commission on Missions is sponsoring a "Dollar per Mem- investments about 12%. ber" plan to make up deficit; missionary education and information is promoted. Nicaraguan field budget cut about 25% and other adjust- Prudential Committee faces the difficult problem of budget ments made in the missions. Apparently a further cut readjustment. must be made next year.

American Friends Board of Missions Constant effort to arouse the church.

Anticipated deficit of 30% in budget.. Plan to reduce next Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions (U. S. A.) year's budget 30%. Reduced receipts to date about 13%. Reduction in salaries; missionaries not yet called home. No change in authorized ,appropriations as commitments Drastic cuts in fields where self-support is most possible. Seeking to arouse interest by information and encourage- have already been made for the year. Missions all over the world notified of a reduction of 10% ment through church papers and local meetings. in the expenditures for the first quarter of the year. A similar reduction has been made in home administra- tion in salaries of staff. Efforts made to acquaint church with the situation and the opportunity. Missions asked to report on possible reductions-to be considered later.

Presbyterian Church in the United States (South) Decrease in receipts to date about 19%. Has been a 33% cut on all "work appropriations" for the field, and a 10% cut in official and clerical salaries at home base, missionaries' salaries, children's allowances and union work.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

January was month of special appeal to churches through Situation put before the churches. Called for month of correspondence, church papers, etc. self-denial in March.

Further reduction probable; one-fifth of debt and all cur- Considering readjustment expenses in order to meet rent year deficit must be included in budget for next possible further reduction in receipts. year.

Protestant Episcopal-Domestic and Foreign Missions TIME FOR COURAGE AND SACRIFICE Decrease in income 1931 was 15%. Pledges for 1932 show Evidently most of the mission boards and the decline of 22% from those of 1931 and 13% from re- missionaries on the field face a very serious finan- ceipts of last year. cial situation. The decrease in gifts, and in in- come from investments, has already meant a stop- Appropriations for 1932 reduced $576,654 or over 13%. ping of advance work and a cessation of building Budget still $400,000 short.

Salaries of all officers, employees and missionaries (over 3,000 people) cut 10%. Other cuts in every field of in most fields, the withdrawing or withholding of operation. some missionaries, less help to the nat i v e churches, and less adequate support for the work- Church is called to make special offerings by Whitsunday ers. It may be necessary and advantageous to re- (May 15) to realize additional $400,000 to meet the re- adjust and curtail expenditures in other direc- duced budget requirements and avoid further curtail- ment of missionary program.

Efforts being made to arouse the majority of church tions, at home and abroad, and to put still larger membership not now giving regularly to missions. The National Council calls for emphasis on need for responsibility upon national churches. There are encouragements and blessings, as strengthening practice of stewardship by church mem- bers. well as causes for disquietude, in the situation.

Seventh Day Adventists The effect on the world-wide work may not be Decrease in income this year about 9%. wholly harmful.

Necessary to reduce· appropriations for 1932 as the Mis- While missionary leaders and workers have sion Board does not borrow money to conduct its foreign or home work. been seeking the guidance of God, all are today more than ever looking to Him as the only hope. Salaries of home staff and of missionaries all reduced 10%. Building operations and institutional expansion Missions and mission boards are looking earn- have been checked. estly to discover and correct the mistakes of the Board is seeking to arouse home church and to lay larger past so that they may prove still more faithful responsibility for self-support on the church in the field. stewards. Some missionaries on furlough remain at home. The decrease in material income is leading There will be a general revision of budgets to meet the Christians to appreciate the spiritual values more, emergency.

United Brethren in Christ is showing many things we can do without, and is teaching valuable lessons in sacrifice. Decrease in income l,ast year about 12%. Bequests have been used for current expense funds in While the personal incomes of Christians in place of for building and equipment. Appropriations the home church have decreased from 15% to reduced 15 % in two years; some missionaries on fur- 100%, their contributions to benevolences have lough detained at home. generally decreased only between 10% and 35%. No reduction in salaries, but secretaries, clerical help and missionaries have voluntarily contributed 10% to Loy- There are few, if any, signs of pessimism, dis- alty Gift Fund. couragement or lessening of faith and effort on Aggressive steps taken to ,arouse the church by an Every the part of pastors and others in positions of re- Member Canvass in May. Woman's Department plan- sponsibility. ning a "World Mission Advancement Day" next autumn to raise special fund to return furloughed mis- Cuts in salary and in appropriations have been sionaries. Plans made to cultivate Sunday Schools met cheerfully and often voluntarily offered by more system.atically. those most deeply affected. Some have impover- .

No plans for further curtailment of missionary program. ished themselves to aid the work. No stations abandoned and no work closed. Larger re- The real basis of hope-of certainty-as to sponsibility is placed on national churches. progress and ultimate victory is in the fact that Un'ited Christian Missionary Society (Disciples of Christ) "the battle is not ours but God's." It is His cam- (Foreign mission expenditures are about 50% of total.) paign; His resources are scarcely touched, much Decrease last year in income 7% over previous year and less exhausted; He has not surrendered to the 13% for first eight months of this fiscal year. enemy; He has not become discouraged; He has not withdrawn his commission to spread the news Budget reduced $350,000-about 20% for the past three of life through Christ to all the world. He has years.

All salaries at home reduced (including secretaries, clerks and missionaries). No reduction of foreign missionary not lost faith in His servants.

salaries. There have been many darker days in the past Cuts made in all departments about equally. Mission- -politically, socially and economically; there are many spots on earth today where we find worse aries withdrawn from Tibetan border, and some from conditions than we find in the homes and offices in the Philippines, Japan and Puerto Rico; native churches are assuming larger responsibility.

America where the depression is felt most keenly. is being saved this year, principally by 5% cuts in salaries The sun is shining beyond the clouds. When ex- at home and abroad, the decision to withdraw from any perience and a closer fellowship with God has of the Society's spheres of service abroad has been posttaught us needed lessons Christians will be poned. stronger and wiser, more sacrificial and more effective in fulfilling their responsibilities as repre- The Baptist Missionary Society last October decided sentatives of Christ on earth. upon a reduction of expenditure of £17,000, and the For- eign Secretary was sent to India and Ceylon to confer FACING THE CRISIS IN ENGLAND with missionaries and church leaders as to how the reduc- tion can be effected. No missionaries are to be recalled The missionary societies in Great Britain are and no reduction is to be made in allow,ances, but in some encouraged to find that things are not so bad as areas, a larger measure of responsibility will be handed it was feared. All the societies have had to face over to native churches. While there is a deficit of increased expenditure because of the high bank £10,259 on last year's accounts, the income in contriburate, and unfavorable exchange rates. This item tions from the churches showed an increase of £2,000 alone means a charge of from $10,000 to $50,000 over that of the preceding year. A special eff.ort is to for the year to several societies. The difficulties be made to raise the income again for the present year. seem to have aroused the Christian givers, themselves hit by reduced salaries and increased taxa- The Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society is basing tion, to make great sacrifices. The result is that its present efforts on the assumption that only one-third the home incomes of the Missionary Societies in of the church members are giving to the missionary work. Instead of devising special schemes for raising money, its the British Conference is only 5 % less for the energies are directed to spreading and deepening mis- sionary interest. The normal income of the Society from past year of crisis than the record home income the home districts decreased £10,000 in 1931 as compared of the boom year, 1921. The general decrease in with 1930 and £17,000 as compared with 1929. The whole gifts to missions this past year has been less than staff at home and abroad has imposed on itself a 5% salary cut, while a 2% % reduction in the s,alaries of na- 2%. tional workers in India, China and Africa has been ac- cepted. There are to be no withdrawals-the work every- The Secretary of the Conference of British Mis- where is to be maintained at minimum cost, ,and vacansionary Societies writes "that Church members cies with very few exceptions are being filled. are prepared to make every sacrifice in order that the response to the needs of the work of the King- The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel has issued dom of God shall be at least as striking as the re- a statement that the Society does not expect to curtail sponse of the nation to the needs of the State. . . . grants, or recall any missionaries. Vacancies can be filled if suitable candidates are forthcoming. There have been "Mission Boards are convinced that there is no voluntary surrenders of salaries at home and abroad, and occasion for pessimism or panic. They have had economies are being effected in certain fields through abundant evidence of a new spirit of sacrifice self supp.ort by the daughter churches. among supporters at home, missionaries in the field, and the native churches. In field after field The Foreign Mission of the Presbyterian Church of missionaries have asked that their salaries should Wales is making no cuts in salaries, but a 5% cut in forbe cut rather than that work should be aban- eign grants is to be met by economies and withdrawals. doned or crippled, and with great reluctance There is to be no capital expenditure on buildings for the boards have had to take advantage of this g2ller- next five years. A strenuous effort is being made to exosity. . . . plain the position to members of the denomination and to encourage contributions. "It looks as if the crisis were going to mark the beginning' of a new era in missionary work in Primitive Methodist Missionary Society expects that the which the contribution made by the churches of present deficit ,of more than £2,000 will be increased. The the West may differ considerably from that which S;Ociety hopes to avoid cuts in missionaries salaries. they have been making for the past one hundred and fifty years. . . ." The Church of Scotland Foreign Mission Committee is planning a reduction in expenditure from the general Some of the important British Missionary So- fund at the rate of £10,000. Ways and means of effectcieties give interesting information as to the ing the necessary economies are under discussion. present position and as to plans for the future. The general application of measures for econ- The Church Missionary Society had a deficit last year omy cannot be made without the work of the misof more than £20,000. Cuts have accordingly been made sionary societies being handicapped, but it is enin grants to missions, allowances to missionaries and couraging to note that little work is being abanhome organizations and a further reduction of expendi- doned, that vacancies are being filled with few exture by £30,000 if necessary is contemplated. The ceptions, and new recruits are not being held back budgeted expenditure for the current year is £476,294. in Great Britain. The British are a great example of courage and fidelity in facing responsibility- The London Missionary Society was forced last year whether national or religious. to consider the withdrawal of missionaries from certain fields, but the response to a challenge to increase the in- Every Christian needs faith and courage, tocome £15,000 was so encouraging that while nearly £9,000 gether with a clearer vision of God as revealed in Christ; a deeper appreciation of the condition of men without Christ; a greater sense of our own indebtedness and a more intense devotion to the cause of our Lord and Redeemer.

"Lo Mo"" of San

The Story of Donaldina Cameron and Her Work For the Rescue of Chinese Girls By the REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.~D., LL. D., New York ):..

Secretary Emeritus of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions; Author of "The Foreign Missionary"

I N all the widely extended and diversified work so the dealers in this slave trade adopted the de- of modern missions, it would be difficult to vice of having each girl met at the steamship pier mention any of deeper human interest and by a hil'ed Chinese who swore that she was his more thrilling adventure than the effort. to rescue wife, and to prove his claim presented a photo- many of the Chinese girls who have been brought graph that had been sent to him in advance. If to America. "Brought" is the a girl was too young to pass proper word, for with the ex- the immigration official as a ception of the comparatively WORTH SAVING wife, the Chinese made oath small number who have come that she was his daughter.

as wives or daughters of re- The plight of the poor girls spectable Chinese men, these was pitiable. All were young, girls did not come voluntarily some of them mere children.

but were imported under They did not indeed have the false representation to be- Christian idea of the sin of come virtual slaves for im- impurity, but they were treat- moral purposes. Some of them ed as prisoners. Save in the had been kidnapped in China m 0 s t expensive establish- and others had been bought ments, they were closely con- from poverty-stricken par- fined in wretched, dirty tene- ents who valued sons but ments, cruelly whipped if were callously indifferent to they disobeyed their evil mas- daughters. There was a prof- ters, and subjected to every itable market for them on the imaginable abuse. Health was Pacific Coast where about soon wrecked and then the twenty-nine out of every broken, worn-out little body thirty Chinese were men, was hurried to the Potter's most of whom had lax no- Field.

tions of sex morality or none To the Christian women of at all. Brothel keepers were California belongs the honor ready to pay high prices for of leadership in the effort to girls. Standard rates ranged rescue these unfortunate vic- from $200 to $500, but excep- tims of man's greed and lust. tionally attractive girls some- In 1873 a group of five Prestimes brought as high as byterian w 0 men, who s e $3,000. hearts had been stirred by the The· law restricting Chi- wretched lot of the little Chi- nese immigration was evaded nese slave girls in San Fran- by bringing the girls in as cisco, determined to under- "Picture Brides." Wives of take a work of rescue, and Chinese men who were al- for this purpose they organ- ready in the United States ized themselves as the Wom- were permitted to enter, and en's Occidental Board of Mis- [263 ]

sions. Realizing that rescued girls would have to told heavily upon her; but her spirit was as un- be sheltered and cared for, a small house was se- conquerable as it was beautiful and she carried cured on Prospect Street, San Francisco, with the burden of the superintendency with unflag- Miss S. M. Cummings of Philadelphia as the mis- ging devotion for fourteen years when, in 1885, sionary in charge and Mrs. Tam Ching as Chi- she was joined by one who was to become famous nese assistant. The rooms were soon filled, and as one of the Christian heroines and saints of the in 1876 larger quarters were secured on Sacra- universal Church, Miss Donaldina Cameron, mento Street. This building, too, was outgrown Mother "LoMo," as the Chinese affectionately call her.

Descended from a Highland chief in Scotland, Miss Cameron's parents had emigrated to New Zealand where Donaldina was born at Clydevale, July 26, 1869. When she was two years old, the family came to California and settled on a ranch in the San Joaquin Valley. After the death of her mother, her father removed first to San Jose, afterward to Oakland, and finally to the San Ga- briel Valley where he became manager of the fa- mous Puento Ranch. Donaldina attended the school in San Jose and Oakland and later entered the Normal School in Los Angeles. Her physical THE REFUGE AT 920 SACRAMENTO STREET and mental development were influenced by the and the present building was obtained as the com- free outdoor life of a California ranch where she bined headquarters of the Occidental Board and rode horses and took part in athletic sports. Mrs.

the Rescue Home. All over the world "920 Sac- P. D. Browne, who had become a friend of the ramento Street" became known as the center of a family during their residence in Oakland, occa- beneficent work for humanity and Christ. Many sionally visited at the ranch and Carol Green Wil- missionaries traveling to and from their fields in son, in her remarkably interesting book, "China- eastern Asia and many other Christian workers, town Quest," says that during one of these visits including the writer of these pages, have reason in the summer of 1885 Donaldina listened en- to remember the happy atmosphere of that blessed haven of Christian love and hospitality.

The leading spirit in this movement was Mrs.

P. D. Browne, a woman of remarkable force of character and missionary devotion. She it was who called together the original group, and when the Occidental Board was formed she became its first president. Only one of her indomitable energy and courage could have made headway against the opposition of the unscrupulous men who profited by the traffic in Chinese girls and the apathy of many Americans who felt that nothing could be done to combat successfully the evil. But Mrs. Browne was equal to every emer- gency and she labored with indefatigable zeal in raising funds and enlisting the cooperation of the women's societies, many of which she herself was instrumental in organizing.

Miss Margaret Culbertson, whom Mrs. Browne CAPTAIN ROBERT DOLLAR VISITS THE HOME persuaded to take charge of the Rescue Home in chanted as Mrs. Browne described her busy days 1881, was also a remarkable woman, who had in the fascinating city of San Francisco. With gone to California from western New York as glowing eyes she talked of the Chinese girls res- governess for the children of a brother of that cued by Miss Culbertson from brothels and opium pioneer magnate, D. O. Mills. Miss Culbertson dens. Suddenly she said to the young woman by and Mrs. Browne quickly became friends, and her side: "Dolly, don't you want to do some- when a successor to Miss Cummings was needed, .thing? Won't you come up and help Miss Cul- Miss Culbertson accepted the post. Her health bertson at the Chinese Home? She's getting so was not robust and the nervous strain of the work frail, and now that Miss Houseworth has to leave

"LO MO" OF SAN FRANCISCO

SOME OF THE RESCUED GIRLS IN MISS CULBERTSON'S TIME So began a career crowded with adventure, and characterized by a courage, devotion and reshe will be so overburdened." Miss Cameron sourcefulness that make the story of thrilling in- terest. The failing health and finally the death heard this appeal and afterward descr~bed her of Miss Culbertson in July, 1897, threw the whole burden of the rescue work upon the shoulders of momentous decision. She said to a friend: "I Miss Cameron, then only twenty-eight years of age. The widely extended and diversified operajust stepped into that great task as blithely as 1 tions that she has since directed have been sum- marized by Mrs. Eva Clark Waid, as follows: stepped into your car today, in no way guessing The work of the Home is primarily that of rescuing what lay ahead, in no way prepared to undertake slave girls who have been brought unlawfully into this country and the search of these girls may lead from it. . . . From the first, I loved Miss Culbertson. I Seattle to Ph~nix into every f.orm of den or secret haunt of vice. Tidings concerning these girls come in every loved the Chinese. I never remember feeling any- way, by whispered word or secert note or police inquiry, often from Chinese themselves who know Miss Cameron's thing foreign about them. Never will I forget the indomitable courage and unfailing persistence. All over the United States her name is feared by Chinese and white laughing face of Ah Ying, the first Chinese girl I lawbreakers and oppressors of childhood. Tragedy and sordid crime tax to the breaking point the sympathy and came to know, as she tapped so gently on my door abilities of the workers. Threats and peril and danger are their daily portion. That rescue work is not at an to announce 'Lunch is ready.' " end, even in this enlightened day, seems sure when a San Francisco paper can carry in a flaring headline, as it did Very soon after Donaldina's arrival at Sacra- DONALDINA CAMERON IN CHINESE COSTUME mento Street, Miss Culbertson called her to the office and said: "Are you sure you will not be afraid in this work?"

"Oh, no!" she answered quickly.

"It isn't too late to change your mind there are dangers, you know."

Immediately her Scotch blood was aroused.

"Why?"

Without raising her voice, Miss Culbertson ex- plained that on that very morning the girl who was cleaning the halls had found a strange look- ing stick. Police were called and after a hasty investigation declared that there was enough ex- plosive in that "stick" to blow up a whole city block. This was unusual, for the Chinese seldom went so far with their bitter threats against the Home. But the latest slave girl rescued by Miss Culbertson had represented such a high purchase price that the owner had attempted to wreak di- rect vengeance. Then Miss Culbertson said quietly to her new helper: "Now, are you going to stay?"

"Are you?" just as calmly returned Donaldina Cameron.

"Of course."

"Then I shall stay, too."* * Chirw,town Quest, The Life Adventures of Donaldina Cameron, by Carol Green Wilson, published by Stanford University Press, Stan- ford, Calif. pP. 8-11. .

not long ago: "Five Slave Girls Rescued in Raid." This involves a fight with the evil men who have paid was the story of a recent raid by the police and our Mis- a high price for the girl and who fiercely oppose sion Home force. the effort to take her to the Home. Not infre- quently it has been necessary to break open with Other types of work have naturally fallen to the Mis- an axe doors of vile resorts; it has been necession Home. Cases have been committed by courts; orphan sary to contend against shyster lawyers who dechildren and nameless babies have become the charges fend the resort keepers in court proceedings, and .of the Home; business girls have found here shelter and to face hired scoundrels who pretend to be innosafety after business hours. A variety of care and train- cent husbands or fathers. But Miss Cameron ing must be provided for such a varied household-med- has learned all the tricks of the trade and has so ical care; schooling for these girls who cannot be allowed gained the confidence and esteem of policemen, to leave the Mission Home because of court pr.oceedings judges and reputable lawyers that they promptly for fear of kidnapping; trainin'g in household work; indus- respond to her calls for assistance. trial work that they may be able to make a livelihood with weaving or embroidery; and above all and thr.ough In reply to a recent visitor's question as to it all training in true Christian knowledge and living, whether the slave traffic in Chinese girls has such as has transformed these hundreds of girls who have really ceased, Miss Cameron said: "Not exactly. been sheltered by the Home. Through the generosity of Sergeant Manion and I were just discussing that a friend, Tooker Home in Oakland was provided to care question yesterday. We find that such girls are for a large group of the younger girls and the Baby House not often brought into San Francisco any more. charms all visitors. A new building on a site given by Our police are too quick for them. But in other Captain Hobert Dollar has provided more adequate ac- cities up and down the Coast, and even in the commodations for these younger groups. But the Rescue East, we are told that conditions are far from Home with its devoted group of Christian w.omen and its right." tender ministry to Chinese girls during fifty years remains on the San Francisco hillside. Over two thousand The Presbyterian Board of National Missions, girls have been under the influence of the Home and have which took over the care of the work in 1922, is gone out to be useful members of society, some in China continuing the warmly sympathetic support that as teachers .or home makers, some as helpers among their was formerly given by the Woman's Board of own people in the United States, many in homes of their Foreign Missions. This Christ-like ministry for own in America, and, some as business girls in the new the unfortunate Chinese girls on the Pacific Coast world opened up for Chinese women.t has a strong and continuing appeal to the Chris- tian heart of American womanhood. Many stirring experiences in Miss Cameron's life are described in Miss Wilson's fascinating story of the work. Almost every case of rescue t Leaflet, by Mrs. Eva Clark Waid, publisbed by the Presbyterian Board of National Missions.

Our Gifts to Benevolences According to the statistics compiled this year by the United Stewardship Council (of which Rev. Harry S. Myers, is Secretary) the total gifts of twenty-five leading denominations in " North America, for churches with a total membership of 23,416,365, last year amounted to $507,491,165. The benevolent gifts from this group amounted to $106,278,015, or about one- fifth 'Of the total. Gifts for foreign missions are not segregated. .

The highest per capita giving per annum for benevolence is found among the United Pres- byterians, ($12.65 each) and the lowest is among the Southern Baptists ($2.03 each). Many of these people are extremely poor and live in small communities. The largest denominational per capita giving for congregational expenses is in the Protestant Episcopal Church ($37.25 each) which stands twelfth in benevolence giving. The lowest per capita giving for congrega- tional expenses is from the Brethren ($7.43 ea:;h). They stand next to the Protestant Epis- copal in benevolence.

The denomination spending the largest total amount annually for congregational expenses ($75,712,174) is the Methodist Episcopal, which stands also first in total gifts to benevolence ($15,848,547). They stand twelfth in per capita giving. It would be interesting, if possible, to compare the per capita personal living expenses of members of these denominations, and the amounts expended on luxuries and amusements, with their per capita giving. Each one who keeps an account can compare his or her expenses and gifts. It would be an arresting study for many Christians.

Intense Problem In

By BISHOP JAMES H. LINTON, Isfahan, Persia I!:"

Missionary of the Church Missionary Society H ERE are the bald facts, hot from my heart. engagement, and you can wait till you are free I cannot, for obvious reasons, give the and then marry her." real names. I was on a tour and reached the town of X late What an alluring way! How the man's own in the afternoon and found myself right in the heart longed to accept it! But he said he would thick of a very intense problem. Mirza is a Chris- do nothing till I arrived and he could talk it over tian working in a business house some miles away with me. Friends go on, pressing, pressing. from the town. Some years ago, whil~ he was "Fool," they say, "why wait for the Bishop? still a Moslem, he took a temporary wife, which Sign the contract and leave the rest to discuss is allowable under the Shiah Islamic law in Per- with the Bishop." sia. She was a widow with two children. Later he made her his legal wife. Some time after his Then came the news that I was arriving on marriage Mirza was converted and was baptized. Wednesday, and poison gas methods gave place He also won his wife for Christ and she, too, was to a veritable barrage in which even the girl's baptized. Then came a Moslem priest who told mother joined. Her father is dead, and her this wife that, as a Christian, her children could brother claimed the right to act instead of her not succeed to her late husband's inheritance. As father. He rushed off for a Moslem priest, and a result she renounced her faith in Christ and in her name he signed a contract of marriage. there began disaster in the home. She began to go into debt without the knowledge of her hus- When I arrived I was told the thing was finband, until he never knew what he possessed or ished and there was an end of the matter. But did not. She sold his clothes, gave away the sup- they had forgotten. Some weeks before a new law ply of wheat he had bought to last for a whole was passed, and among other clauses was one year, and finally, for a long time she refused to which took away from a brother this power of be a wife to him at all. Home was home no making a contract of marriage for his sister. longer. A year ago he told me a good deal of Only the father can now do this, and he only durthe story, and I urged him to do his best to wipe ing ·the girl's minority. When she comes of age out his debts. This has used up all his savings she can renounce the contract if she will. for many years. All the joy went out of Hfe, but he stood firm in his Christian witness and tried to The barrage which had been directed on the win his wife back to Christ. man was now turned on the girl also. Her rela- tions may have had some other hold on the man, Mirza has a young cousin, a sweet girl of I do not know. The girl asked her school prineighteen who, from her childhood, has always cipal to stay with her, asking for her protection. looked upon him as her favorite cousin. When The man came into town and demanded that the she was a child he played with her and was her girl be given to him! In despair they asked me hero. Being cousins they see one another freely, to see him. Though he had said that he would do -and she, too, is a very sincere Christian and a nothing till I came, now he refused to see me. teacher in a mission school. In his so bitter ex- "I will have her," he said. "Whether tonight, or perience with his wife, Mirza turned to his cousin in a week or a month. She shall be mine. You for sympathy and love. The voice of the tempter shall not keep her from me!" comes to him: "You are a Persian. The law allows you to take another wife. Why not take I found the woman missionary principal nearly her? You both love one another. Take her." broken with anxiety and advised that she ten the relatives of the written request for protection But Mirza and his cousin know that as Chris- that the girl had given her. If they gave any furtians they cannot accept that way out. ther trouble she would tell the police. That seemed to frighten the relatives. "Well," says the tempter, "at any rate sign the legal contract which need not be more than an Then Mirza'asked that the girl go to his house and there openly declare that she would not have' anything to do with him-"Come for only ten minutes." She refused and finally he went away.

[267 ]

That night I was asleep, tired out after the sired to have." And now–! Was it all for journey, when, about 10 :30 o'clock, I was called. nought? Surely not, or what is the use of our The missionary said that they had come again to being out in Persia preaching the Gospel of Him her house to demand the girl-"Just for ten min- who saved Peter by His prayer. "I have prayed utes." The girl would do nothing till she con- for thee," Jesus said, and His prayer was ansulted me. Off I went to the other end of the swered. He triumphed over Satan by His prayer. town with that missionary, who felt her own We prayed too, and, glory to Him, her faith has honor bound up in the honor of the girl. I found not failed. God does answer prayer. The girl is the girl quite firm in her resolution to stand by in the mother's house, and we are praying. Nothher Christian principles. She knew quite well ing less than sacrificial prayer is worth anything what was behind that request to go to his house in a case like this. Is it worth it to you as a for ten minutes. Christian mother or father? What is it worth for our Father in Heaven? We prayed together, and I advised her to offer to go to her mother's house for ten minutes, on I went off to the village where Mirza was at condition that the missionary go and stay with work and found him in his office. He was surher all the time. They accepted this, and she prised to see me and my heart went out to him. went and definitely declared that she would have He had aged since I saw him a year ago, for he nothing to do with the contract her brother had was grey and haggard. We talked; we prayed. made. You could not but feel for him. God feels for him, too. It is not blame, but love, fellowship, Next morning I had a heartbroken message and above all, trust that he needs. He changed from the missionary: "Her mother came at half- completely when I spoke to him in words of sympast three in the morning and took the girl away. pathy. I said that I trusted him to come through I could do nothing to keep her when the mother triumphant. We knelt and prayed together, and demanded the girl." he pledged himself to me and to God that he would have nothing more to do with the girl till The Devil! How he worked that night for vic- God made him a free man. So God triumphed tory? Was all lost ? No, for Jesus is on the over the strongest human desires that a man has. throne. God! How we prayed that day for the girl; for the man. Does God hear? Does He an- We hold on in prayer, in faith-for him, for swer prayer? her. The temptation is not over.

Swiftly the message went round to the inner "Why should he not divorce his other wife," circle of praying people. If the devil put his bar- says the world. "He married her as a Moslem, rage of temptation around those two of God's and such marriage is not necessarily lifelong in children, we put our barrage of prayer around its implications." True; but he became a Chris- God's throne. It seemed hopeless. She was in a tian and so is under the law of Christ. Persian home with the Persian outlook on marriage. "His legal wife renounced her faith," says the world. So the devil argues. But we come back "Why should he not have two wives?" said the to Christ. "He was in all points tempted like as mother, "any Persian is entitled to do so." But we are." That brings Him very near in times not any Persian; not a Persian who has become like this. It is true. "Sympathy," the same pasone of Christ's men. sion-for He was very human. The same pas- sion that swings and sways the life of every other Humanly speaking, all was lost. Evil seemed man, that passion Jesus in His humanity knew. to have triumphed over good, over God. The girl That is why I trust Him to help Mirza and that was in the power of the man who loved her and girl. That is why I think it is worth praying longed to have her as his wife. for them. That is why He "is able to succour them that are tempted." That is why "He ever Do you mothers, fathers know what sacrificial liveth to make intercession for us," and if that prayer is? Sacrifice? Well, it is just that. Be- is what Jesus lives for what do we live for? fore I left the town that woman missionary was in the hospital-broken. She had spent days and nights in prayer for the girl whom "(Satan de- There are no times in life when opportunity, the chance to be and to do, gathers so richly about the soul as when it has to suffer. Then everything depends upon whether the man looks to the lower or the higher helps. If he looks to God, the hour of suffering is the turning hour of life. PHILLIPS BROOKS.

A Moravian Missionary Bi~Centennial

By J. TAYLOR HAMILTON, D. D.

Bethlehem, Penn. Bishop 0/ the Moravian Church I N the providence of God the Moravian Church who had opened their lives to the influence of the will this summer round out two hundred Holy Spirit, in implicit reliance on the Bible. years of unbroken missionary activity among When, in the early dawn of an August day in heathen people. It is of God's grace, that the 1732, two young men, Leonard Dober and David preaching of her heralds has ever been and still Nitschmann, set out from Herrnhut, Saxony, remains Christo-centric. Him they have sought with the slaves of the island of St. Thomas -as and still seek to magnify; in His name there is their objective, they were bidden Godspeed by salvation but in no other name; His was the com- young Count Zinzendorf. More than any other plete atonement once and for all; lifted up on the man this young nobleman had been the human cross, He draws all men unto Him. Through their instrument in bringing about that revival amongst experience with many races, the Moravians can the people to whom he had given a refuge on his testify that the Bible is the book of all humanity estate, when they fled from religious tyranny. It -God's inspired revelation to man. was.a little village of some six hundred, mainly It need not surprise us that the story of the refugees for conscience sake, who formed their two hundred years is not one of unbroken and un- home base. But this little congregation had ex- interrupted advance. Ebb and flow are observ- perienced a baptism of the Spirit of God five years able in the history of the Church universal. .Sim- previously and its membership had been witness- ilar fluctuations are to be observed here. Here, ing widely in Christendom. Only such an experi- too, pulsations of inner life have left a record in ence could explain the cheerful spirit in which corresponding vigor of active missionary zeal, and the two pioneers made their way to Copenhagen, a relation may be traced between the decline of mainly on foot with only a couple of gold coins a spirit of revival and a lessening of aggressive between them, with no assurance of a passage witnessing together wit h concentration upon across the Atlantic and with no very clear idea placid cultivation of virtues at home, whilst the how they must make their living after reaching status quo in the foreign field was at best only St. Thomas. They did know that the Gospel of maintained. Christ is the power of God unto salvation; and Another parallel may be noted. Movements of they had confidence in the Good Shepherd whose world history have exerted an influence both in voice they knew they were following.

the life of the Church universal and in the con- This same revival spirit explains how within dition of Moravian missions. Every history of the ten following years Zinzendorf could despatch Christianity has to take into account the decay other Brethren to the Eskimos of Greenland, to of the Roman Empire and the deluge of barbar- wild tribes of Northern Russia, to the natives of ism, the military menace of Mohammedanism, the Gold Coast of Africa, to the Hottentots of the the reactionary naturalism of the Renaissance, Cape of Good Hope, to Negro slaves of Dutch and the self-sufficient agnosticism of the machine Guiana, to Arawak Indians of what is now Brit- age. Similarly, when the story of Moravian mis- ish Guiana, to Indian tribes of North America, sions is told, wars' destructiveness and their plac- and to the Singhalese in Asia. Before another ing impediments in the way of intercourse, as decade had passed other missionaries sought to well as their engendering mistrust and suspicion reach Kalmuck Tartars of Russia, attempted to and hates, also help to account for ebb tides in herald the Gospel in Persia, gained a footing on the enterprise of world evangelism. the mainland of India, perished when seeking to Like all effectual testimony Moravian missions found work in Labrador and contemplated a mis- were a fruit of personal experience of assurance sion to Abyssinia. Not all these undertakings at- of the grace of God, granted to faith. They were tained permanence, yet by 1747 converts had been the product of a deep religious revival among men won among eighteen different races. In some [269 ]

stroyed. Servile wars scattered the Arawak con- verts and occasioned the razing of mission sta- tions in the Guianas. War hampered communi- cations by sea and cut off missionaries from their base of supplies in men an~ means; and in great measure accounted for the abandonment of the at- tempt in India-that and the excessive mortality experienced there. During the Napoleonic wars the missionaries in Greenland were reduced to great straits; they had no bread and their cloth- ing gave out. For three years they could get no seeds to grow the crop of vegetables that gave some variety to their diet in times of peace. For a number of years flour was at an almost prohibi- tive price in Dutch Guiana.

Nevertheless in this very dark era the kind hand of God could often be discerned in the won- derful preservation of heralds who had been brought into perplexing positions. It was of His goodness that sympathy, called forth by these very experiences, on the part of Christian friends beyond the limits of the communion of the Breth- ren, in 1817 led them to found the London Asso- ciation in Aid of Moravian Missions, a society that still carries on its generous auxiliary activity.

The One Hundredth Anniversary The celebration of the one hundredth anni- cases hostile governments or governors interposed versary of the founding of Herrnhut in 1722 and a veto, or prejudiced religious leaders made such the recalling of God's wonderful dealings with the representations to officials of great trading com- fathers in 1727 prepared the home churches for a panies that held concessions in colonies, that the fresh experience of a season of refreshing from work was temporarily rendered impossible. In the presence of the Lord, that culminated in 1841 other instances the pioneers laid down their lives and the years immediately following. This in before organizing converts into a church. Some- turn bore fruit in missionary expansion and exem- plified the truth that the witness-spirit and suctimes war interfered with their work. In the decades following the death of Zinzen- cessful witnessing are closely connected with the dorf in 1760, and until the close of the Napoleonic revival-spirit, the two standing in the relation of wars, almost ceaseless strife in Europe and in cause and effect over against one another. various colonies partly accounted for a period of With the General Synod of 1848, the first of something like an ebb in Moravian missions. Yet these convocations after the full experience of the even in these years advances were attempted, new revival, began the modern advance of Morasuch as an entrance into Egypt with Abyssinia vian mISSlOns. That synod deliberated on ways as the objective, various undertakings in India and means for the more complete and effective and on the Nicobar Islands. Permanent success organization of existing fields and in particular attended the second landing in Labrador, contin- concerned itself with the problem of preparing uously occupied since 1770, and the Hottentot Mis- sons of certain of the newer churches to minister sion was re-established in 1792. Yet war ham- to their own people. It visioned the goal of ultipered. It accounted for very heavy financial mate financial self-dependence in these fields. But losses at the home base. It prevented the pass- it also determined that a favorable response age of missionaries to and from their posts. It should be given to several invitations to enter on led to and explained major reverses in the prom- new work. And the Church as a whole welcomed ising work among American Indians, notably the and became accustomed to the policy of expandestruction of the Christian Indian villages in sion.

Ohio and the massacre of the converts at Gnaden- As a result, in the rather more than eighty huetten. During the War of 1812 the Christian years since then new enterprises have been be- Indians of Fairfield, Ontario, saw their homes de- gun in Nicaragua, Western Tibet, Victoria, among

A MORAVIAN MISSIONARY BI-CENTENNIAL

(LEFT) A GROUP OF BUSH NEGROES AT HOME IN SURINAM, (DUTCH GUIANA) SOUTH AMERICA (RIGHT) A SUNDAY SCHOOL CLASS IN THE MORAVIAN MISSION AT LEH, LADAKH, LESSER TIBET A, W, HEYDE OF LEH (LEFT) AN OPEN AIR SCHOOL FOR EVANGELISTS OF THE MORAVIAN MISSION IN NICARAGUA CENTRAL AMERICA

the lepers of Palestine, in Demerara, in Alaska, in The World War most seriously affected Mora- California (Indians), in East Equatorial Africa, vian missions. Prior to it Herrnhut formed the in North Queensland, among the Asiatic contract missionary headquarters, with an international laborers imported into Dutch Guiana, and last of board, enjoying the hearty cooperation of auxilall, in 1930, among the Indians of the eastern iary boards in Britain and America. The war neregions of Honduras. With the best of intentions, cessitated financial decentralization, and for some however, for lack of men and means at least years communications were blocked. Administratwenty-five calls to enter upon other new work tion was also decentralized, and remains so. But have necessarily been declined during this period more than this, the financial support of the worldof advance. True, not all the fields actually en- wide undertakings was very seriously affected. tered were accepted as an objective beforehand; During the many years of missionary operations nor has every field been permanently held. When endowments had been built up, largely from legthe appeal of Gutslaff caused Pagell and Heyde to acies, for the pensioning of retired missionaries be sent from Herrnhut in 1853, it was in the hope and for the education of the children of missionthat the great Chinese Empire might be entered aries while active in the regions beyond, for the from the west via India, up the Indus valley and training of teachers and ministers in the lands across passes of the western ranges of the Hima- where new churches arose, the last mentioned enlayas. But, under orders from China proper, of- dowments being especially needed in view of the ficials blocked the way by a boycott that prohibit- type of peoples among whom the missionaries ed the supply of food. So the pioneers remained worked-peoples not blessed with money power. at Kyelang, many thousands of feet above sea level and commenced Christian work among the lama- Practically all the funds invested in Germany ridden Tibetan-speaking Buddhists. In 1848 a were swept away in the crash of Germany's finanmission was begun among the terribly backward cial system through the War and the subsequent black fellows of Victoria, Australia, and was at- period of inflation, and business undertakings in tended with success. But it proved to be a minis- Africa and South America also suffered most seritering beside the death-bed of a race. So their ous losses. A very heavy debt of honor now rests kinsfolk in North Queensland, reputed cannibals on the Moravian Church for the care of retired though they were, received the attention of Mora- missionary veterans and for the education of the vian missionaries, who were backed by the finan- children of those in the service. Indeed, the cial support and the practical sympathy of devot- American Province North in the United States is ed Presbyterians in Australia. Since the World so conscious of this, that it proposes to start build- War this last field has been wholly taken over by ing up a special fund as a chief feature of its bithe Presbyterian Church of Australia. centenary celebration, notwithstanding the pres- ent general depression. The Influence of War In spite of the seriousness of the present mis- During the past period of missionary advance, sionary situation and in spite of the causes for as in the former, war proved to be a mighty hin- anxiety the American Moravian Church perceives drance. The Kaffir mission in South Africa re- very much reason to thank God and take courage, peatedly experienced this in the first half of the as it proceeds to keep this significant anniversary. nineteenth century. During the American Civil God has done great things for us, whereof we are War the Cherokee Mission was so disrupted and glad. When Count Zinzendorf died in 1760, about received such blows, that it never really recov- fifty missionaries were at work and the baptized ered. The great World War involved the intern- membership in the mission fields has been estiment of German missionaries in India and in mated at that time as about 3,000. In 1848 the East Africa as prisoners of war, sometimes under total membership in those fields was about 64,000. terribly trying circumstances, they being separat- At the outbreak of the World War the total baped from wives and children, all being ultimately tized mission membership was 100,606. The latrepatriated. In East Africa it carried with it the est available statistics give a total of more than desolation of mission stations, involving heavy 135,400, served by 262 missionaries from the financial losses, at least temporarily put an end to home lands and 51 ministers and 16 assistant mineducational work in general and the training' of isters of the newer churches, with 408 of their native church workers in particular. In recent fellow-countrymen formally authorized to conduct years disturbances in Nicaragua have involved religious worshjp. In 240 mission day schools the martyrdom of a missionary and the temporary 40,806 children were being taught by 716 teachers. withdrawal from several important centers of ac- The ten advanced schools had 282 students in tivity, Indian converts taking refuge in the bush. charge of 32 teachers. Labrador, Alaska, Cali- fornia, the West Indies, Honduras, Nicaragua,

Demerara, Dutch Guiana, South Africa, East philus Solomon Schumann, the Apostle of the Equatorial Africa, the Western Himalayas and Arawaks in Berbice, who was permitted to bap- Jerusalem with its home for lepers, all of them tize more than four hundred Indians during his yet offer a scope for the zeal of the successors of comparatively brief day of work. Grunewald, Dober and Nitschmann. Sieboerger, and other missionaries in Nicaragua From the standpoint of missionary strategy gave the Miskito Indians the New Testament, realone the spending of energy among so many vari- vised by George R. Heath. A harmony of the ous backward peoples, in place of concentrating Gospels in Kaffir was the work of Moravian mis- on some one or two large nations that had de- sionaries, though the Kaffir Bible, printed in Lonveloped a native type of culture, may be open to don in 1879, was the work of Scotch missionaries. criticism as not being the best missionary policy. The New Testament, which in part or the whole But from the days of Count Zinzendorf, the Mo- has been done into four languages of what is now ravian Church has regarded it a duty to follow Tanganyika Territory, as well as hymnals and what seemed to be the call from our Saviour to manuals of doctrine came from the pens of misgo where great need existed among otherwise neg- sionaries of Herrnhut and of Berlin. Augustus lected people. Moravians have long been aware J aeschke, Heyde and Redslob and Augustus Her- that this entails special difficulty in bringing the mann Francke have as their common monument new churches to the stage of self-maintenance in the New Testament in the classical Tibetan, and men and means as a basis for further self-expan- Francke translated St. Mark's Gospel into four sion. Their first fruitage among the -ordained little known dialects of the Western Himalayan ministry of the newer churches was John Buckley, region. Space will not permit a recounting of ordained in Antiguae in 1856, when the abolition works prepared in connection with missionary unof slavery was of comparatively recent date. dertakings that failed of permanence. Schools for the training of native teachers had their start with the founding of the normal school It goes without saying that in the two centuries in Genadendal in Cape Colony by Bishop Hallbeck many Moravian missionaries have laid down their in 1838. lives for Christ's sake, some being lost at sea, many carried off by fevers, and some being On the other hand, the fact that -many of the martyred, like Carl Bregenzer recently at his early missionary undertakings were a m 0 n g post in Nicaragua. Yet God permitted many to slaves or among races that had felt the impact of give notably long years of service. The veteran Europeans simplified the linguistic approach. apostle of the Delawares, David Zeisberger, was Negroes cruelly torn from tribal homes in Africa active for sixty-two years. In the early period of acquired some use of their masters' speech; thus the Greenland Mission quite a number had more arose the "Negro-English" of the American trop- than forty years to their credit and Jacob Beck ics. This rendered the translation of the Scrip- was at work there for fifty-four years. In modern tures and of hymns a comparatively easy task. times Augustus William Heyde retired from the Similarly in South Africa the Hottentots substi- Tibetan mission in 1903, after more than fifty tuted the Dutch of the Cape for their own tongue. years in the field, and Frederick Augustus Hagen- But in many cases Moravian missionaries had to auer, who retired in 1907, gave more than fifty do linguistic work of a high order as pioneers in years to the black fellows of Victoria. Clement the opening up of strange languages or even in Oehler served at home in America and in the the reduction of these to writing. Moravian mis- West Indies and, though in retirement, is still sionary literature embraces 718 works in 17 lan- active after more than fifty years of service; and guages or groups of languages. The Bible or sep- Frank Wilde in J amacia, though technically rearate books of the Bible will account for 185 tired, does the full work of a missionary and may, works. John Beck and John Conrad Kleinschmidt please God, soon round out the half-century, while and Samuel Kleinschmidt are names that stand a number of others, like William Weinland, first a out in connection with the translation of the Scrip- pioneer in Alaska and then in Southern California tures into the Eskimo of Greenland. A. Erdmann among the Indians, and several in the West Inand Theodore Bourquin and Albert Martin are dian work, like Augustus B. Romig, and Bishop remembered in connection w.ith Labrador. Edwin C. Greider, went on well towards that mark.

"The Lord hath done great things for us, where- Various missionaries have done like work in of we are glad." Our special yearning at this connection with parts of the New Testament for time is for a season of refreshing from the pres- Alaska. In his more than sixty years of active ence of the Lord, that a renewal of our days may service among the various clans of the Delawares be brought about, with the coming of power from ::md the Six Nations, David Zeisberger was in- above, for more implicit obedience to the call and defatigable in literary work, and so was Theo- ~ more efficient consecration.

The Princeton Declaration on the Church and Missions A group of leaders, deeply interested in the development of greater missionary interest in the home church, and larger spiritual fruitage in the work abroad, met in Princeton on April 12th. There were present missionaries, pastors, laymen, seminary professors and board secretaries. These did not officially represent any organizations but met informally for con- ference and prayer. After careful consideration of the present crisis, through which many boards are passing, the following statement was adopted.

In the next issue of THE REVIEW we expect to publish extended comments on this State- ment, especially as it relates to the causes of apparent decline in missionary interest in the home churches and the supreme need of the hour. The Princeton Statement is signed, in be- half of the group, by a special committee consisting of Dr. Robert E. Spear of the Presbyte- rian Board of Foreign Missions, Dr. C. S. Cleland of the United Presbyterian Church and Dr. T. H. Mackenzie of the Reformed Church in America. It is as follows: In response to the call of the Committee of Foreign Missions of the Western Section of the Alliance of the Presbyterian and Reformed Churches, a group of members and officers of the foreign missionary agencies of some of these churches (the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., the Presbyterian Church in the U. S., the United Presbyterian Church and the Re- formed Church in America) met in Princeton on April 12, 1932, and after a day of prayer and conference and discussion voted to record: 1. Their gratitude to God for the measure in which, in spite of difficulties and finan- cial depression, their churches have been enabled to maintain their foreign missionary work; 2. Their assurance that by the blessing of God these churches will in due time restore and enlarge their work abroad and will go forward to the full accomplishment of their duty in association with the national Christian churches which have been established and with which it is their joy to cooperate; 3. Their unfaltering confidence in the true basis of missions; in the great acts of God for the redemption of mankind, and in particular in the historic fact and the univ~rsal meaning of God's deed in sending His only begotten Son to be our Saviour, and in His incarnation, His life and teaching, His death on the Cross for the redemption of the world, and His resurrec- tion as the beginning of a new God-given life for redeemed humanity; 4. Their conviction that the uniqueness and universality and absolute significance of Christ and His Gospel must be unswervingly maintained by our churches against all move- ments of syncretism or adjustment which compromise or imperil belief in the aloneness of our Lord Jesus Christ and the unique indispensableness of His Gospel, and that nowhere save in this truth of Christ and about Christ is there any hope for the love and righteousness and power of redeemed human lives and a redeemed human society; 5. Their joy in all the movements of change, or turning and over-turning, in the atti- tudes and conceptions of men's minds, in missionary methods and processes, in political and economic conditions, in the Church and in the world, which serve to lead men to Christ as the only Lord and Saviour, and to bring Christ to His rightful place as the only Lord and Mas- ter of mankind.

6. Their abiding faith in the Church as the enduring agency of the Gospel and their re- liance on the Holy Spirit as the sole source of its power.

7. Their deep sense of the need of prayer and their hope that all to whom God has entrusted leadership in the missionary enterprise should realize that prayer is their most important work; that prayer should be the atmosphere and spirit of our mission board of- fices, and that in missionary cultivation throughout the churches primary emphasis should be laid upon the development and strengthening of prayer groups and upon individual interces- sion.

Foreign Missions Cost Too Mu.ch'?

By the REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D. D., LL. D.

..:( New York j:..

Author of "Changing Foreign Missions"; Executive Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

A COMMON objection to current foreign mis- (a) Administrative costs may be carried in £".. sionary work is that its administrative small items at many local points. Pastors, church costs are too high. Most of its critics officers, women, committees of higher church have passed the point where men scoffed at bodies could and do carry many such items of "spending ninety cents of each dollar to get the service. Few can give full time to them; they other ten cents to the mission field." That was are compelled to slip the added expense of time never true, unless possibly in some irresponsible and money into busy lives otherwise supported.

organizations. The larger Mission Boards and Independent or voluntary agencies for mission- Committees have never de- ary work sometimes announce served such unfounded criti- that there are no costs for ad- cism. Does it "cost a dollar to send ministration and that all con- But there is a more rational a dollar" for missionary work tributions go direct to the field. This really means that some criticism of "too large an in foreign lands? If not, men give their money entirely overhead" expense. It is diffi- how much does it· cost and cult, however, to tell exactly w,hat is rightly chargeable to or largely to support the home where "overhead" ends and missionary administrations? end of the enterprise, paying the actual work begins. Busi- Why is it necessary to have the cost of securing and admin- expensive headquarters and ness organizations exist for the to employ so many salaried istering the money to support purpose of making money and officers and clerks? Dr. Mc- the work at the foreign end. they count it wise to spend Afee, who has wide experience Somebody must pay the necesmoney in order to get money. in the pastorate, in the theo- sary costs of administration Missionary agencies exist for logical seminary, in mission- and promotion. If a volunteer the purpose of extending the ary travel and in Mission worker can use time otherwise Kingdom of God by the wise Board Executive work, an- requited or living otherwise spending of money, not to make swers these questions clearly. provided, he must not theremoney. They are compelled to Most criticism comes from ig- fore have the impression that spend money in order to raise norance rather than from this obviates administrative money, and it is difficult to cost. Every Mission Board reknow where the line should be knowledge of the facts. ceives a large amount of volun- drawn in "overhead" costs. tary service for which it makes Still it remains true that all no payment in money, but as observers of missionary agencies should be the work grows it requires more complete atten- concerned lest the administration of the work con- tion than can be given by the odds and ends of sumeS too much of the available funds. Adminis- time and strength of busy people. The problem is trative staffs may become too large, administrative to determine when that time comes and then to salaries may be too high, administrative programs prevent the work of salaried people from cutting may become too heavy and expensive, administra- off the service of volunteers. Much of the work of tive methods may become too intricate. the Boards is really the business of people in the Most Mission Board officers and members con- home church, pastors, officers and others. Com- sider that the costs are higher than they wish, but mittees of church members and officers might do they mean that they are more centralized than most of the promoting and collecting, the spread- they ought to be. A large work cannot be car- ing of information, the maintaining of inspira- ried on effectively without expense and consider- tion, and the like. It is exactly this that causes able expense. This expense may be distributed at most of the overhead cost in the missionary en- three points. terprise. Churches which have retained this local [275 ]

activity have low "overhead" in their Boards. In necessities. Christians live in their Father's churches whose salaried workers have taken over world and He cannot mean them to live in a nigthis responsibility, relieving local leaders of the gardly fashion. Missionary homes steadily imburden, the "overhead" is high. Much work must prove as the pioneer stage passes; facilities for be done to maintain the interest of the home travel increase and the allowances for various inchurch and to increase its gifts. If this were terests, and more elaborate equipment, all call for done by local leaders, it would distribute the load more and more money. How much of this is unof missionary costs in such small amounts that it necessary "overhead" and how much is to be would not be oppressive anywhere. The irony of charged to direct missionary work? Clearly the it is that local leaders who fail to do this often money is not wasted, for it puts better facilities resent the activity of their central Boards and at the disposal of the most carefully selected group Committees in trying to make up for such failure. of workers now in the service of the Church. It would be a counsel of perfection to suggest Thoughtful missionaries everywhere are setting that all of this work might be cared for by local themselves to watch the whole outlay with care leaders, for the central agencies have access to and to guard against scaling the work at too high knowledge and inspiration which local leaders expense. cannot secure directly; it is wholly possible, however, that much has been undertaken by central The Home Office agencies which really belongs to local workers whose service would greatly enrich the whole en- (c) There remains that administration which terprise. is generally the one in mind when "overhead" and missionary costs are questioned-namely, the Field Administration Expense home Boards and central agencies. These have their headquarters either in a rented place or (b) Part of the administrative costs are on the owned building, or possibly in the back parlor of field. As missionary work grows larger it proves a kindly person who does the work at night, or necessary to have certain unifying organizations in a minister's study where the pastor gives of his and agencies which lift the load from the mission- own time or that of the church. At the long last aries in their distinctive tasks. It is a waste of all this has to be paid for. There are secretaries, time for the average missionary to be treasurer treasurers, clerks, messengers, speakers, departof a large mission. It requires bookkeeping, ments increasing in number and size as the work reckoning in local currencies, watchfulness that grows. This third administrative force is the benevolent gifts are rightly applied-a skill and most obvious one and its costs are most easily time which the average missionary does not have. calculated, but it is only one of the three. As This involves a mission treasurer, who will give either of the other unloads responsibility, the cenmore and more time to the work as the mission tral agency has to take it up. And this explains develops. Field problems arise also, and it be- much of its cost. What local leaders do not carry comes necessary to set apart capable men for ad- must still be done. Each denomination or church ministrative work, to go on short notice to a place body has laid on its Mission Board the duty of of complication or danger, to give advice where maintaining the work, so that any reduction of difficult situations arise, to determine policies, to local leadership shifts the work increasingly upon hold the work in balance. All the larger Boards the Board. This centers the costs at one point, try to increase the administrative work on the sometimes making them seem unduly high. The field and to reduce it at the home end. More ques- same amount, spread over the local leadership, tions are settled on the field and fewer are re- would be counted reasonable. served for home offices. This is administration as truly as though it occurred in New York or In the same way, until decisions are made on London, but because it is on the field it is not the field, they must be made in home offices and usually reckoned as "overhead." they are safe only if there are consultations by several minds. Many decisions so involve But even here there is reason to be watchful. the home church that they cannot be made on the The entire missionary enterprise can easily be field. It is necessary to have a home office, sensiscaled on too high a standard of expenditure, tive to what the home church may be expected to though this is seldom a fault. Many missionaries provide in men and money and prayer. This inlive too simply and rigidly for their bodily endur- volves a staff of varying size according to the deance. A few have independent means or are velopment of the work. A Board with an annual aided by friends. Most people in civilized lands turn-over of four million dollars cannot handle are now living beyond the point of real need and the money carelessly or without consideration; it have made of their fathers' luxuries their own cannot wisely leave decisions to hasty thinking by

DO FOREIGN MISSIONS COST TOO MUCH?

those who can give the work only the leavings of ference workers for six days and preachers or their time and strength. Capable workers must speakers on the Sabbath, often with wearisome be employed and their salaries must be provided. travel added. Those who have independent incomes, as some have, can carryall or part of their living costs Other central costs of administration are those themselves. If not, they must be cared for out of receiving, caring for and transmitting funds of available funds. If special funds could be se- according to the will of donors; providing and iscured for salaries and other expenses, so that mis- suing promotive literature; guiding local leaders sionary gifts shall not be used for this purpose, on points which are better known to the central this merely would mean that a few individuals agency because of its contact with the field; seshall be asked to pay for the transmission and curing and caring for candidates; furnishing itinsafeguarding of the gifts of others. Good judg- erant speakers; meeting and speeding furloughed ment would suggest instead that all gifts pay and returning missionaries; purchasing supplies their own way. This demands that costs shall be ordered from the field both for general and perkept at the lowest point consistent with good ad- sonal use; caring for medical requirements of ministration. candidates and furloughed missionaries, maintain- ing inter-church and inter-board relationships for As a matter of fact most missionary agencies the prevention of duplication and confusion on the move on a much lower financial scale than the field and at home; keeping accurate and helpful lichurches which they represent, they provide lower braries and files-in short, standing helpfully besalaries than pastors of comparable standing in tween the home church and the field force, servthe church. Indeed, it is often difficult to secure ing both. the services of men who are wanted on board staffs because they do not think they can afford to All this involves financial outlay, and without accept the financial provision offered. The offices constant care the costs creep up. But there is of many boards are far less adequately equipped much less ground for criticism of these agencies than the studies of pastors in the same cities; the than the critics generally think. In proportion to demands on board workers are apt to be on the the work required, they are on a scale quite as seven-day week scale, for they are office and con- modest as other church agencies, and on a far more modest scale than business enterprises of the same dimensions.

"Nights With God" In Auckland By the REV. A. S. WILSON, J!: ..

Christchurch, South Island, N. Z.

H ARRY DAWSON was an Australian busi- date arrived the same state of affairs was appar- ness man who represented a commercial ent. We finally decided to start "after Easter!" house in New Zealand. Since the pastor of the Grange Road Presbyterian Church in On Good Friday the workers made a house to Auckland was to be away, Mr. Dawson was asked house canvass to invite people to the meetings, to supply the pulpit one Sunday in January. He and many came back telling of the exquisite joy readily agreed to take the services for two Sun- of soul winning. A prolonged prayer meeting days, if the pastor wished it, and two nights a was held that night. week in addition. He had done a considerable amount of evangelistic work and offered to hold a In the quiet of eventide two young fellows, apshort series of mission services. January is a pealed to in the visitation, came seeking Jesus holiday month for New Zealanders and when the Christ. This so delighted the young workers that time came the church seemed unable to throw off they went out to look for others and held a prayer the holiday spirit. The officers agreed to postpone meeting on the footpath. The glow of the Spirthe series of special services, but when the next it's power was present. About midnight nearly everyone went home, but seven remained to spend the night in earnest prayer for the district

of Mt. Eden, for the city of Auckland, and for As a result of months of such a weekly rendezthe services. vous there arose the Prayer and Revival Cam- paign which aimed to help all the churches in Evangelistic meetings were held each night and their work. From this center various united another all night of prayer was announced. This evangelistic campaigns have sprung up and have time twenty-six attended and four were brought produced great results for the glory of God. in from the streets. Mt. Eden is a no-license district so that these wayfarers were quite sober. Dr. W. H. Pettit journeyed to Grange Road Three came out for Christ that night and joined early in the series to verify the reports of the the band of praying ones. Among this group happenings. So convinced was he that this was was a bright, educated young fellow, leader of the a work of the Holy Spirit that he addressed a big Christian Endeavor Society at the Tabernacle meeting of "Brethren" from various parts of the built by Thomas Spurgeon (son of C. H. Spur- city about the fruits of the meetings. They were geon) and now ministered to by the Rev. Joseph so moved that they arranged a series of special W. Kemp. Over seventy people came to the next prayer times all over the city. The wife of an night of prayer and the same glow and power was Anglican clergyman declared that she had never present. Every night the ordinary meetings went known such ease in approaching people about the on; in fact, they lasted for seven weeks. On Fri- things of God. The general manager of one of day evening they filled the body of the church and the largest business houses in the city said that many remained all night. On the fourth "all in all his years in Auckland no such spiritual atnight" meeting one hundred and forty stayed mosphere had been abroad. The Secretary of a until about 6 :30 a. m., and even then it was diffi- large New Zealand enterprise, who had not been cult to close. People in the city began to take near a revival meeting, became acutely conscious notice; these meetings became a topic of conver- of unhappy estrangement from God. He sought sation on trams and buses. Some were awed; a prominent Christian business man and yielded some treated it with scorn and ridicule. The himself to God. "nights with God" each Friday continued, the numbers soaring until some 250 were present. Many heard the word: "If I regard iniquity in From eight o'clock until midnight the meeting my heart the Lord will not hear me," and they was general with one or two addresses. Among stepped out to surrender for sanctification by the speakers were Rev. E. R. Harries, Chairman faith and for the fullness of the Spirit. No one of the Cambridge Convention; Mr. Chas. J. Rolls criticized or wondered for everyone seemed in and the Rev. Joseph W. Kemp of the New Zealand sympathy. Like Archbishop Leighton, they were Bible Training Institute; the Rev. John Laird, "driven from natural independency to make M. A., a Baptist; the Rev. R. C. Roberts, B. A., Christ all their strength." As Dr. Robert Dale B. D., President of Auckland Ministers Associa- said of some at D. L. Moody's gatherings in Bingtion; Dr. W. H. Pettit, the Rev. F. H. Radford, ley Hall, they came "anxious, restless, feeling Harry Dawson and the Rev. A. S. Wilson. after God in the darkness" and before our eyes their faces were filled with light. People came in goodly numbers. Grange Road is one of the oldest churches in Auckland, having The sense of unity in these gatherings was the been built by Bishop Selwyn in 1865. A quarter unity of the Spirit. A company of ministers of a century ago it was purchased by the Baptists were discussing the "all nights" sympathetically and has become a sacred, holy place to many. and with wonder. One of the oldest said: "What Passersby were amazed to see the old property has struck me is that at four in the morning the ablaze with light at one o'clock in the morning Anglican at one end, the Plymouth Brother at the and a score of cars standing in front. Songs of other, and all the denominations between, strike praise were led by the pipe organ and the over- the same note." Glory to Jesus Christ, the wonflow of joy was very reverent. At midnight the derful Saviour! worshipers passed to the Social Hall singing "We're Marching to Zion." There the atmos- We are reminded of the words of Bishop phere became like heaven upon earth. There was Moule: "The secret of continuance is taking earnest crying to God that He would look upon pains to keep up intercourse with God." The Auckland as Christ looked upon· Jerusalem. For- "all nights" remind us of the intercessions of eign lands were also remembered and God heard, Jesus when not by streams of penitents, but by reviving His own people and leading them to engage in per- Cold mountains and the midnight air sonal soul winning.- Witnessed the fervour of His prayer.

THE SON OF KING MSIDI, WITH HIS HEADMEN AND MUSICIANS, READY FOR A

"In the Reign of King Msidi"

What the Missionaries Faced in Africa Forty Years Ago By MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER, Jadotville, Central Africa Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church T HE sun shone brightly on the capital of Few doubted the guilt of the queen and her Msidi at Bunkeya, the Congo, in the heart older son, Mungo. All the other five hundred of Africa. The city was washed clean by wives of Msidi were sure of it, and the young the torrential rain of the preceding night. But wife, Tava, hated Mataya with venomous jealthe great capital was wholly unmindful of the sun ousy and longed- with all her savage heart to see or of the rain-washed town. If anyone gave a Mataya stoned and her body pulled limb from thought to the rain, it was to trust that it would limb. Then she, the beautiful Tava, would be ingive a good crop of corn, or mealies (mataba). stalled as queen. She stood among the other women, silent, scornful, hated by them as much as For the entire village was concerned with one she hated Mataya. It was a town where hate thought, "Would Queen Mataya be proved guilty reigned supreme. of witchcraft and of causing the death of her younger son, Muti, who had been killed in This was in December, 1887. Msidi, the king, battle?" sat on a low stool under his verandah. He was a [ 279]

man of about 60, stout but vigorous, with power- of things. The sorcerers were brilliantly and ful, sinewy muscles. His round, almost childlike fearsomely painted, bedecked with feathers and face, utterly belied his character. A short, snowy with fantastic apparel and headgear. They were beard covered his chin. He was king by right of watching the bones while the king was watching prowess and unrelaxing tyranny over the whole the diviners. country. His name carried terror throughout Central Africa. Msidi had his share of superstition but he also had knowledge of the methods o{ the ngangas. King Msidi's eyes took in the whole scene with- They were clever politicians and tricksters. They out seeming to see anything. He saw Mataya, would bear watching, especially the wily Tombo. now middle-aged, beginning to grow fat like him- Msidi knew that Tombo had good reason to hate self. She was sitting on the ground near her elder Mataya, for she had once reported his plots to son and favorite. The king did not like this son, Msidi in time to frustrate them. Tombo had laid in wait to get his revenge. LUBA WITCH DOCTORS WITH THEIR IMPLEMENTS OF TRADE Molenga, Msidi's brother, had been the one sent nor did he trust him; but always preferred Muti. to fight the rebel villagers and Muti had been sent Perhaps Mungo had killed Muti to get him out of with him. Molenga now sat at one side with a the way. "Yes," thought Msidi, "and he might do hundred or more of his warriors around him. He the same to me if he got the chance. Well, the might need them. One never knew. If worst chance had not come yet." came to worst he would die fighting and not like a dog. His lips tightened and he ground his From the corner of his eye he caught a glimpse teeth. of Tava's face. A beauty! As beautiful as a diamond-backed puff-adder and just as trust- Molenga was also superstitious, and he was likeworthy! She was ready to strike now with her wise shrewd. He and Tombo had been together deadly fangs. Today it was Mataya and her son. from youth; they had wrestled and fought to- Tomorrow she would strike the king, if she gether and had engaged in games of skill. They thought her would-be paramour, Tombo, could get had also experimented at witchcraft and knew the throne. Tava would bear watching. something of these clever sleight-of-hand per- formances. He knew Tombo's ambition; he would In the open space in front of Msidi sat the get rid of Mataya and Mungo; then he, Molenga, clever Tombo and his group of ngangas (witch would be next and the final blow would be aimed doctors) divining with bones, stones, toe-nails, at Msidi. bits of leaves, bark, elephants' tails and all sorts Molenga mentally decided that Tava, that slim beauty with the eyes and heart of a cobra, would also bear watching.

Tombo rose to his feet like a man in a trance. The bones had spoken and as chief nganga he must give their message. He began to sing in a dreary wail and to sway from side to side, holding the onlookers spellbound. He reminded Msidi of a snake about to strike.

"Muti come to the hut of Mataya," he chanted in high falsetto. "He want gun; he with Molenga go fight. Mungo say, 'Why you go? Msidi no love you; chief he no love me. Why must we fight his battles?' "

A murmur like distant thunder greeted these words, for the mob felt that Mungo was as good as dead already. How their fingers itched to get at him! The witch-doctor continued: "Mataya now say to Mungo, 'Unfwa, listen! Give him gun. What matter if he be killed! It is not the king who will mourn him. Let him go and die.' "

That seemed to settle Mataya's doom. "This is the word of the spirits," wailed Tombo, "this is the word of Tombo and the ngangas who divine the things of darkness. This is the word

"IN THE REIGN OF KING MSIDI"

of Muti who speaks by the divining. Tombo give two prisoners. His heart was sick with the con- Muti charms. No bullet can hit Muti when he stant witchcraft, bloodshed and violence. wears the charms. Muti sleep; in the darkness the evil spirit of Mungo come out of his body and It took extraordinary faith and grit for Fred go to Muti. His spirit take away the charms and Arnot to spend five of youth's best years in getgo back the same night to Mungo's own body. The ting to this capital of Msidi. It took courage to next morning Muti go to battle without charms. keep on going toward the city when he was told The bullet come; it pierce the body of Muti; he that Msidi had vowed to place the head of the die. He know then that his mother, Mataya, and first white who should enter on a long, sharp stick his brother, Mungo, they make him die." in the center of the capitaL In another minute the savage mob would dash A KATANGA WITCH DOCTOR IN FULL DRESS the two victims to death, tearing them apart. The people insanely thirsted for blood. Yet not one But Fred Arnot never wavered. He spoke to of them dared to lift a finger until the king spoke. God about it and then went calmly forward. His For a few seconds King Msidi was silent, but he head was still on his own shoulders, and he was dared not keep the mob waiting long. now expecting the arrival of two other white men -Swan and Faulkner. Then he could leave for Once he loved Mataya. She has been true to Scotland, recuperate after five years of extreme him. Tava could rouse his passion, but he could hardship and return with reinforcements. never trust her. Still he must not lose his hold on this herd of dogs. Hyenas! How he hated them! As soon as Msidi received the news of the com- No one had any clue to the thoughts behind the ing white men he saw a way whereby he could king's masked'face. At last he spoke: save his face and his wife and son also. With his usual dignity, he rose to his feet and said in a "The spirits say that Mataya and her son are clear, loud voice, "I must haste to send messenguilty of the death of Muti. I, Msidi, will see gers to meet the white man. You are dismissed. that my son is shot dead. I will hold Mataya that The white man shall not find blood when he comes. she may see it done. I will attend to her later. This is my son; this is my wife. Let no one touch them. I am Msidi, and I will do the execution."

It was a daring thing even for the powerful tyrant; but he liked to do daring things. He loved to do the unexpected and to show his power. Whether he could have curbed the madness of the superstitious crowd would have been hard to say. But at that very moment a runner pushed his way through the crowd and, throwing himself at Msidi's feet, rubbed white clay on his face and chest and shoulder to show that he had a white heart. Then he sat back on his heels and clapped his hands three times.

"Mutende (peace) ," said the chief. "Speak r What news?"

"I come from the Abalungu, white men. Two suns ago one he sleep at Molenga. The other, he sick; come polipoli (slowly). The mulungu is on the path now and arrives today. I come to tell his message."

Tava veiled the passionate hatred in her black eyes and Mataya hid her sudden joy and relief behind her lids. As for the volatile crowd, it now forgot all about the two victims in the excitement of a white man arriving, for in those days white men were scarce in Central Africa.

Only one white man had so far dared venture into Msidi's kingdom. The missionary, Fred Arnot, had come and at this moment was standing on his little verandah on the hill overlooking the town and wondering what would be the fate of the

I give Mataya my pardon. My son must go to a hideous, wanton, callous cruelty which the young far country. I will not have him here. I have missionary could never forget.

spoken." On another occasion, when young Swan re- That same day Msidi received Mr. Charles A. turned from hunting to supply his need for meat, Swan, as he had received Mr. Arnot. He was as he entered the town, he saw two of the king's even more cordial, and much to the embarrass- soldiers rush out upon two women and run them ment of the young man Msidi sent him a present through with their long spears, and drag the of fifty wives, each one loaded with grain. It hearts from the victims before their bodies fell to was a ticklish situation, for there was reason to the ground.

fear that, if the women went back discarded, they He went to the chief and denounced the men would all be put to death. Mr. Swan managed who had committed the brutal outrage, but Msidi to refuse them in a way not to offend Msidi, and looked at him with a slight twinkle of amusement the women were taken back into the king's harem. and, speaking as to a fractious child, said, sooth- ingly, "There! there! Swana, why make such a Later, when he was better acquainted with fuss! They were only women!" Msidi, Mr. Swan said to him, "Msidi, how many wives do you have?" One day the chief sent for him to come and greet his favorite wife, Chitompe, who had just The king gave him a sly wink and said, "Did come back from a war expedition. "On reaching you ever try to count the raindrops as they fall '! the king's place," said Swan, "we saw the King Neither can I count my wives. Perhaps there are coming out with a head-dress of parrots' tail five hundred. But I will let you have half of feathers; his body and his arms were covered them." Msidi had a sense of humor. with cloth of gaudy colors, and his face whitened with pipe clay (sign of a white heart). The king was proud of having a white man in his capital. He was shrewd enough to realize that "Then came Chitompe, borne on her litter, he could not always keep out the white men, and dressed in a similar manner. The warriors folit would be well to have a missionary at court as lowed, walking slowly and singing their war a friend, or, perhaps, as a buffer. chant, while the skulls of their victims were car- ried either in their hands or dangling from their He often classed himself with the white men waists; one even had a skull hanging from his and would say to his subjects: "We are not dogs teeth. They began a monotonous dance amidst like you Bantu."

But he never quite understood the white man's the firing of guns, and then in an orderly manner, morals and tried to develop in him a more Spar- one by one, brandishing their spears, they laid tan character. He called Swan, "Swana," and the skulls at the feet of the king."

one day said, "Swana, there is to be a fine, official, Msidi was kind to his "Swana," but it was formal execution of prisoners, and I want you to hopeless to try to turn him from his evil ways. come and see it." At times he was like a kindly old Grandfather This was equivalent to a command and, though Jekyll, and then suddenly he would become a Mr.

the white man did not relish attending, he decided Hyde. Frequently he would arise from a night's that he could not avoid it. Both Arnot and Swan sleep or debauchery in one of his worst moods and were fearless hunters for game, but neither could would snarl, "M-m-m! Something's wrong. I feel countenance cruelties. Hoping that the execution it in my bones. It will not be right till I smell would have some semblance of dignity, Mr. Swan blood." Then he would give orders to have some met the chief and they went to the place of execu- poor wretch brought to his house and killed be- tion. Then he realized that the affair was consid- fore his eyes. "Swana" would try to reason with ered in the light of a fine sport. The poor him, but when in his better moods the king would wretches were trussed firmly and placed on their say patronizingly, "Ta, ta! Swana. You don't knees at regular intervals in a long row. Opposite know these dogs. I do. I know how to deal with each prisoner was an executioner-great, brawny them. This is the only way to keep them in savages, each with a long knife or cutlass in his hand."

hand. When all was ready, Msidi gave the signal, "They were a wild, savage lot," said Mr. Swan and the executioners all started at full speed. On forty years later; slaves which he had captured reaching the victim, each struck a tremendous for the most part, and, while fear made them blow just over the left shoulder blade, and, if the obey, they hated him and he knew that many were blow was a success, he reached in and pulled out ready to kill him at the first opportunity.

the heart with a jerk. The one who did this first Eventually the thing which Msidi most feared was the winner and tossed the still palpitating came to pass. The Belgian officials arrived to es- heart back and forth among his fellows. It was tablish their government in the country. The

chief called "Swana" and told him to drive the to go to the sea without expense." He bade Msidi white men away. But Mr. Swan told the chief farewell, never to see him again.

of the pact made in Europe and that it was not The discovery of copper took Msidi into the possible to send them away. Captain Marinel copper country where he was warmly welcomed asked the young English missionary to act as in- by the chief, Katanga. Copper has been the terpreter, and he agreed on condition that there means of opening up all Central Africa and has should be no fighting started by the white men. resulted in the establishment of two large mining At the close of the interview the chief ordered centers-Elisabethvil1e and Panda-Likasi (now his men to clean out some large huts which were renamed J adotvi11e) . The latter is only sixty kilbeing occupied by his wives in the center of the ometers from Bunkeya, where Msidi's son, Mwentown, and these were turned over to Captain Mar- da, now lives. Motor roads lead from the capital inel and his men. to the railroad which intersects the whole conti- An hour or so later, while Mr. Swan was stand- nent from Lobito Bay on the west to Beira on the ing on the outskirts of the capital, chatting with east. the white men whose loads were being carried into the huts now ready for them, it seemed as Forty years passed before Mr. Swan saw Bun- 'if a gatling gun had suddenly gone mad. Bullets keya and the Katanga again. As he entered the flew in every direction, followed by shrieks of the wounded and terror-stricken inhabitant&. Before they could recover from their surprise, there came a tremendous explosion, and soon the grass roofs burst into flame. It seemed as if the entire town would be burned.

In the haste to carry out the chief's orders, the floors of the huts had been hastily swept, and the cooking fire, which is always in the center of a hut on the dirt floor, was not carefully cleared away.

The porters brought in their loads, and dumped them down carelessly, glad to return to their own country near Bihe. Many of the loads containing ammunition were dumped on the hot fireplaces where a few live coals still remained. The cartridges soon voiced their resentment and bedlam ensued. Msidi seemed quite indifferent to the loss of the huts or of the fifty or more people who were killed and wounded. Mr. Swan suspected he was glad so much ammunition was destroyed.

Captain Marinel suggested that Mr. Swan ac- LUBA. QUEEN AT KABONGO company him to Lusambo as interpreter and that (Note the Egyptian type af face) he then go down the river to Boma and to Eng- capital a host of neatly dressed Christians came land for a much-needed holiday. When he told out to meet him, singing hymns of praise and the chief that he was leaving, Msidi showed fear thanksgiving to God. It was an overwhelming for the 1irst time. "Don't go, 'Swana'," he begged sight for the man who had lived four years in with foreboding. "If you go the white man will those early days amid cruelty and bloodshed. kill me." But Arnot had already returned to Africa with a party of missionaries, and Dan Craw- "No one dared to accept Christ in those days," ford and a companion would likely reach Msidi's he said. "He would have been killed instantly town any day. had such a thing been known. The only man I ever knew to be converted in my time fled to a "It will depend on you," he told Msidi, "whether distant tribe where hE:' won many to Christ before or not you are killed. I have tried to be a true he dared return after the death of Msidi. . friend, but this wholesale murder cannot go on As soon as Msidi was ki11ed, the people scattered, forever. You would not believe me, and now you for most of them were captives and slaves. have begun to distrust my friendship. I can do no more, and other friends are near at hand. I "What changes we see today! They are inam worn down with hardship and fever, and have credible. Think of a beautiful church in Elisano money to travel, but this offer will enable me bethville and Christian natives to fill it! It is nothing short of a miracle."

Gandhi or Christ In

By C. L. SURY, B. A., LL. B. Lahore, India M AHATMA GANDHI'S pronouncement on tians showed their willingness to forego rights on the place of the Christian missionary en- the basis of communalism, so that the Christian terprise in the national regime for community was the only minor group to take a which he is working has caused a certain amount patriotic stand in the fundamental problem of miof concern amongst the serious-minded Chris- norities. Christian patriotism is rewarded with tians. It brings to the front a very important an injunction forbidding us share our spiritual aspect of religious liberty in India. The issue is experience with others. all the more grave because the Indian Nationalist leader, in spite of the professed largeness of his Mahatma Gandhi's conception of religious truth soul, has singled out one minor community-the is evident when he says that one religion is as Christians-to be the target of his observations good as another and that India does not need regarding what he calls "proselytizing." spiritual light from abroad. Truth is universal and is therefore incapable of being regarded the Mr. Gandhi's own co-religionist, Mr. Rama- property of anyone race or nation. But one peonand Chatterji, President of the last conference ple may have a much clearer view of truth than of the Hindu Maha Sabha in Karachi, declared another. that "the Hindus should be conceded their rights of proselytizing." That statement evidently has Dr. Wendell Thomas, who has made an exgone unchallenged by the Hindu Mahatma. No haustive study of the Hindu movements in the member of the National Congress has thought it United States of America, clearly shows in his fit to comment on the declaration of the President book "Hinduism Invades America" that none of of Maha Sabha. those movements could have made any progress if the Hindu missionaries had not been supported The Mahatma apparently is afraid to touch the by American admirers. Maulvi Sadar-ud-Din of major minority group, the Mohammedans, for he Sialkot, who, until his return to India, was the desires to cultivate a sort of peace mentality. Imam of Woking Mosque in London, has a ro- Anyone acquainted with the missionary work mantic tale to tell of the Ahamadiya Mission in which is being energetically carried on by the England. Ahamadiyas of Lahore and Qadian, can foresee the communal opposition which would follow if Dr. E. Stanley Jones, one of the most precious Moslems were denied the right to propagate their gifts of America to India, once illustrated the faith among others and to make converts to Islam. spirit of tolerance by quoting Voltaire, who said, The right to win converts is an important element "I disagree with everything you say, and yet I of both the Mohammedan and Christian religions. would fight to the death for your right to say it." On this, in the last analysis, will hang the satisfac·· As a follower of Jesus Christ, my Master in a tory solution of the communal problems in India. democratic form of government, I have a right to say that without personal regeneration through Indian Christians make suitable material for faith in Christ no one can have a clear concepa stable and constitutional government. This tion of political freedom. Mahatma Gandhi has fact, stated by the Bishop of Portsmouth, is sub- a right to accept the Sermon on the Mount as stantiated in times of political crises. At the truth, but not one has a right to restrict my lib- Round Table Conference, Indian Christians were erty to proclaim this Gospel as it has been made the only minor community whose representative, real to me. the late Mr. K. T. Paul, repudiated communal representation. This was done in the interest of No Christian believes in merely adding to the India's national welfare at a time when other number of adherents, but we believe in the evanmajor communities were fighting over the distri- gelization of the world. As evangelical bebution of the political loaves and fishes. lievers, we are witnesses and not advocates. In the words of the Master, "We speak that we do In the statement submitted by the Indian Chris- know and testify that we have seen." tian Conference to the Simon Commission, Chris- [284 ] MR. M. K. GANDHI AS A STUDENT AT OXFORD MAHATMA GANDHI AS A LEADER IN INDIA There is no freedom more fundamental than the Indians, as a nation, are communally-minded right to belie've and true liberty includes the right and as citizens we are sadly lacking in publicto share with others our experience of God's sal- spiritedness. Recent riots and our political convation. Christian conversion is a matter of first ferences serve as good mirrors showing us our old hand knowledge, both intellectually and experi- nature that needs to be changed. mentally. All men stand in need of spiritual conversion of this kind. Regeneration is a cre- Education may improve our old nature but canative act of God's spirit and is made possible by not change its essentials. Education is therefore entire surrender to God as he is made manifest inadequate. We need a thorough transformation in the person of Jesus Christ, the first step there- in our sense of values and in our very nature fore being an appropriating trust in Jesus Christ through direct contact with Him who is the Truth. as our personal Saviour. This will help us to become Christlike. "Truth shall make you free." My prayer therefore is that India may learn to appropriate both truth and freedom.

Why Missionaries Seek Converts Mr. Gandhi has been advising missionaries to keep to their philanthropy and to drop their efforts at conversion. He is interpreted to have implied that he would drive out missionaries if he could unless they were willing to accept his terms. His views of religion are those of a Hindu. A Hindu with his deeply-rooted belief in destiny cannot believe in converting others or in letting them convert him. Gandhi most definitely advocates that a man should abide in his own ancestral religion. This is part of the doctrine of Swadeshi. The missionaries listen to him courteously, and go on with their work in all its completeness, for Christianity is not like Hinduism in this matter-for it conversion is an essential doctrine.

EDWARD SHILLITO.

Christian Approach to the ]e-ws*

"~I By the REV. JJ'OewHishNWSor.kC, OBoNa~Nd IoNf NGa,tiDon. aDl .M, NisseiownsY, ork Tt. •.

Director of r Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

I T is a pathetic fact that the Christian Church semitism of Poland, Roumania, Germany, and in its approach to the Jews through the cen- other lands is driving the Jews in upon them- turies has rarely been Christian. Seldom has selves in self-defense. Though our own two it been wise. Prejudice and unchristian conduct, neighboring lands have given to the Jews a larger often fostered by an intolerant theology, have hid- liberty than they have ever known, there is yet den the face of Christ from the people that gave enough of prejudice and dislike to neutralize Him birth and with whose fol- much of the Christian mes- lowers they have always been sage. The Church that would in contact. The methods of ap- For hundreds of years the successfully interpret Christi- proach employed furnish the Jews in Europe were isolated anity to the Jews must give most shameful examples of in "the ghetto" or "Pale of diligence to the practice of its spiritual malpractice that any Settlement." The "Christian" fundamental ethic.

race has been called upon to approach to the Jews was In view of the number, qual- endure. with curses and reviling, with ity, and increasing influence of Across the years we see a sticks and stones. Is it any the Jewish people, it is amazpeople in an endless procession wonder that these Jews re- ing how little has been done by of suffering-here a massacre; viled in turn the Christian the Christian communions of Saviour? The result is seen there a multitude in exile; yon- in America today. But the North America to bring within der an auto-da-fe; at this point the sphere of their interest and communities of Jews driven in- atmosphere has c I ear e d. effort this historic race to to Christian churches on Holy Christians are studying the which they owe so great a debt. Cross Day to listen to tirades true "Christian approach to The first real steps that have the Jews" so as to commend against their faith and denun- the Gospel of Christ. Dr. Con- ever been taken by the Chrisciations 0 f the i r stubborn ning, who has been working tian forces of these two lands pride; at that point ignorant to consider unitedly their re- with and for Jews for nearly mobs, shouting "Christ-kill- half a century, presents here sponsibilities and opportuniers," perpetrating unutterable the way of approach that is ties within this field are of rewrongs against a defenseless cent origin.. Thirteen months the way of Christ. people-everywhere there have ago at the Home Missions Con- been legal discriminations and gress in Washington that great social ostracisms without num- representative body definitely ber. Scarcely a generation has passed since expressed its attitudes and convictions, and re- Pobiedonostieff, the Procurator of the Holy Rus- ferred to the Home Missions Council the task of sian Synod, set out to compel Jewish conformity appointing a committee through which the resolu- to the State Church by organizing pogroms in tions of the Congress might be translated into ac- Jewish communities. His policy, as he explained tion. Last May the International Missionary it, was: one-third will be slain, one-third will Council, under the leadership of Dr. John R. Mott, emigrate, and one-third will enter the Orthodox called together at Atlantic City a group of Chris- Church. tian leaders representing various Christian agen- It is against this background that Christianity cies in North America to consider the problems in America must make its approach to the Jews, connected with a Christian approach to the Jews.

for most of the Jewish people in this country have The findings of this conference are without doubt come from eastern Europe. Even now the anti- the most valuable contribution that has yet been • Report presented at the annual meeting of the Home Missions made to the study of this subject, and a North Council held in Toronto. January 4-6. 1932. American Committee was appointed to give effect [286 ] to the recommendations. The third and most tional practices have been faring badly. (2) important step was taken in September last, when Modern thought has made serious assaults upon these great missionary organizations decided to the citadel of orthodoxy. Science and philosophy coordinate their efforts in this field by the ap- have called in question its fundamental concepts pointment of a Joint Committee on the Christian and claims. They have scouted the notion of di- Approach to the Jews. This was made up of vine sanctions for its most hallowed customs. (3) representatives of the Home Missions Council, The secular spirit of our time which has been test- Council of Women, Federal Council and Interna- ing every faith has taken large toll from the synational Missionary Council. gogue.

The principles upon which such a service should The cumulative effect of these and other inflube projected are now rather well defined, but the ences has been to change the whole character and working out of an effective program carries us outlook of Jewish life. Departures from orthointo a field of relationships so complex that large doxy within Judaism may be roughly classified as sympathy and understanding are demanded. Conservative and Reform. All three, however, There are in addition unusual circumstances in constitute but a fraction of American Israel. The the Jewish life of America that emphasize the largest fraction, which renders no allegiance need and urgency of adventurous and construc- whatever to the synagogue, is comprised of at tive leadership. Indeed, there has probably been least three elements-the intellectuals, who have no period since Jesus walked the earth and Paul accepted a materialistic philosophy of life; the proclaimed his message in the synagogues of the working people, who have largely adopted socialdiaspora when the Christian faith had such an ism with its doctrine of human brotherhood as opportunity to commend itself to the Jewish peo- their religion; and that large class of well-to-do ple as it has today in America. irreligious, who give themselves to the pursuit of pleasure and gain. Modern Judaism This situation is giving the Jewish leaders the First, we should recognize that we have now in utmost concern. Their councils are filled with these western lands the largest and most influen- foreboding as to the whole future of their people. tial Jewry in the world. There are here approxi- Things are not as they were, and they realize that mately 5,000,000 Jews, one-third of the Jewish no amount of repining can turn back the hands population of the world. And here they are at on the dial. Their perplexity finds frequent and the peak of their experience with respect to free- varied utterance. Sometimes the blame is placed dom of opportunity, culture and achievement. In- on traditional Judaism and its failure to meet the dividuals and groups within Jewry will doubtless needs of modern life. Dr. S. M. Melamed thus occupy still larger places in the life of these two comments on orthodoxy in the Reflex: neighboring nations. Already the leadership of world Jewry has passed into their hands. What The Hebrew word galuth does not only signify disperhappens to the Jews in America will largely de- sion. Its true meaning today is "sighing under the yoke termine the future of their people throughout the of an oppressor." Rabbinic Judaism is a greater galuth world. In our plans for the extension of the for the Jew than all the oppressions of all the anti-semitic cause of Christ within our borders, we do well to governments combined. The reaction to oppression on the consider earnestly our relationship to this virile part of a government is either resistance or attempt at and resourceful people, who already sit at the revolution, but the reaction to the oppression of rabbinic springs of influence and give more than their Judaism is the destruction of the Jewish soul and mind. share of direction to the life of our people. Rabbinic Judaism is choking the Jews to death intel- lectually and spiritually. Then we should consider the revolutionary changes that have taken place in Jewish life and On the other hand, Reform Judaism also comes thought within recent years. The disappearance in for criticism because of its failure to meet the of the ghetto and the emergence of Jews into the present crisis in Jewish life. Dr. Solomon Goldcommon life of the world have had disastrous ef- man, in his recent book, "A Rabbi Takes Stock," fects upon their traditional beliefs and practices. says: In their new conditions they have met three disintegrating influences: The end of almost a century of religious conflict in Jewry finds neither Orthodoxy nor Reform with any vic- (1) Modern industrialism is a force with which tory to record: finds, rather, both so impoverished in spirorthodoxy had not reckoned, and against which it itual and intellectual resources that neither can hope to has been waging a losing battle. In the factory, meet the new chaJlenges of our own day. the warehouse, and the department store, the Saturday Sabbath, the dietary laws and other tradi- Another utterance in the same key was recently sounded by Rabbi Stephen S. Wise of New York, in one of his sermons on "The Agony of Israel," when he said:

The agony of Israel is that we bear ourselves for the Jewish working people socialism has taken the most part as if there were nothing to safeguard, nothing place of Judaism. They claim that its emphasis more to cherish, nothing left to preserve, and as if there on brotherhood and its call to humanitarian servwere to be no future-this the end. Religion! Are we ice adequately replaces the faith of their fathers. not becoming its destroyers rather than its guardians? Others are seeking satisfaction in new thought, There is something which calls itself religion current in ethical culture, theosophy, spiritism, Christian certain smug circles of Jewisb life bere and in otber Science and other modern cults. lands. For the most part it is nothing more than a poor pulseless imitation or simulation of a decorously unvital Christianity also is having its chance. The old mysticism. And save for this there is little, if any, so- antagonisms, bred in eastern Europe, grow less called religion in the household of Israel-orthodoxy being virulent in the free atmosphere of America, and almost as dead as reform. as the older generations pass. Jews today are more open-minded than they have been for many The difficulty of maintaining a Jewish life centuries. Many are examining the faith from under modern conditions is frankly recognized. which their fathers have been so long estranged. In one of his essays dealing with current religious They are reading the New Testament and other problems, Rabbi Mordecai M. Kaplan says: Christian literature. They are listening to mes- sages over the radio, and occasionally they visit The most heartbreaking disillusionment which we Jews Christian churches. A considerable number, dishave faced in our entire history has been the one follow- satisfied with Judaism, are finding the answer to ing the removal of our civil and political disabilities. The their deepest longings in the faith of Christ. It least we expected was that we would henceforth find it is estimated that at least 20,000 are now identified easier to be Jews. The fact is that it was never so hard with Protestant Christianity in America. to be a Jew as nowadays. Perhaps the most significant movement in Jew- The tie that binds most Jews together today is race rather than religion. A Jewish author and ish life within our generation is the changing atstudent of Jewish life remarked to me recently, when I suggested the possibility of a revival of titude of Jews toward Jesus. For fifteen cen- Judaism: "Religion is no longer a factor in J ewish life." It is for this reason that many Jewish turies no reputable Jew ever named that name. leaders are placing their reliance upon Jewish culture, rather than religion, for the survival of But the long silence ended definitely when Profestheir people. This is the underlying motive in modern Zionism. It is hoped that by a return to sor Klausner of the Hebrew University, Jerusathe ancient homeland of many thousands of Jews there will come about a quickening of national lem, published in Hebrew for Hebrew readers his consciousness which will stimulate Jewish life throughout the world. Arthur Ruppin declares scholarly and critical study, "Jesus of Nazareth." Zionism to be "the last desperate stand of the Jews against annihilation." The Zionist hopes of This has been followed by such volumes as Emil Jewish leaders, however, are not being realized as fully or as rapidly as they had planned. The Bal- Ludwig's "Son of Man," and Rabbi Trattner's four Declaration, as interpreted by the British Government, affords no basis for the aspirations "As a Jew Sees Jesus." The value of these studof extreme Zionists for an all-Jewish Palestine. The presence in the ancient homeland of an Arab ies in giving Jesus His proper setting in Jewish and Christian population five times greater than that of the Jews, who also claim their rights in life may be freely acknowledged, but the Jesus the land through many generations, must necessarily postpone the realization of Zionist dreams they portray is not the Jesus of the New Testato an indefinite future. ment or of Christian experience. It is a purely Religions Among the Jews human portrait that is set before us. In a day It would be a mistake, however, to think of the Jews as an irreligious people. The religious in- ~hen Christians generally are learning to apprestinct lies deep in the heart of the Jew, and many devout Jews within the synagogue bear testimony CIate the Man of Nazareth, as He is seen against to the spiritual values which they are finding in the practices of the ancient faith. Even among the background of His own land and of His own the large number who have forsaken the synagogue there are many who are eagerly searching times, Jewish authors do not hesitate to say that elsewhere for spiritual satisfaction. For young He was nothing more than that-the product of Jewish development on Jewish soil, a Jew who lived and died a Jew, who never claimed divinity, and never dreamed of founding a new religion.

Here we have a distinct challenge to the Church_ We need, in answer Jtoesutsh.eseThveoluJmeweis~h a new apologetic concerning situa- tion demands this of us.

From whatever point of view we regard this re- markable people we are summoned to consider what our approach to them should be. Any worthwhile Christian approach should include the following: (1 ) Understanding and appreciation. One reason why the work of interpreting Christ and

THE CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO THE JEWS

Christianity to the Jew has advanced so haltingly problem we have to face in a Christian approach. is that few Christians really know the Jew. He While there are in all our churches gracious souls lives in our midst and shares our common activi- who have conquered racial antipathies, there are ties. It is taken for granted that he is actuated also those who have never been delivered from the by the same motives, sees things from the same sway of primitive instincts and unregulated angle, and responds to the same appeals as our- prejudices. Any effective approach to the Jews selves. But the soul of the Jew is his own. He therefore involves a thoroughgoing educational has his own heritage. He has been shaped by his program in all our churches for the eradication own traditions. He views things through his of prejudices and the creation of truly Christian own eyes, and applies his own standards of meas- attitudes. The church cannot successfully at the urement. The constant complaint of the Jew is same time preach its Gospel and deny its fundathat he is misunderstood and that his religion is mental ethic. misrepresented. An important step in the cultivation of better This charge, without doubt, is largely true. Few attitudes was taken by your Joint Committee in Christians know anything of Jewish history sub- sending out the following message concerning our sequent to the New Testament period. They have relations with our Jewish neighbors at the Christlittle understanding of the long struggle for sur- mas season which was signed by the heads of alvival that has marked the passage of the Jews most all the church bodies and Christian organthrough the centuries, of the ill-will, injustice and izations in the United States and Canada: persecutions to which they have been subjected. They do not dream of the chasms of misconcep- At this season when the Christmas message of peace to tion and prejudice that separate Jews from Chris- men and good will is being sounded through the world, tians, of the bitter memories of personal and ra- we Christians of the United States and Canada, mindful cial wrongs that are cherished, of the unyielding that this message was first proclaimed in the land of attitude of opposition to Christianity that has be- Israel to the Jewish people and that it has come to us come an integral part of the Jewish tradition. through them, earnestly seek to emphasize its significance for us today believing that the message from ancient And, strange to say, little has been done to Palestine, if truly accepted, can mellow and exalt all hubring within the sphere of modern missionary man relationships and hasten the time when men shall study this great people whose religion is so closely dwell together in peace. identified with our own, and whose progress down the years furnishes more of vital knowledge, in- We deplore the long record of wrongs from which the terest and inspiration than can be drawn from Jewish people have suffered in the past, often from the the history of any other non-Christian people. We hands of those who have professed the Christian faith have textbooks for Indians and Mexicans, for and who have yet been guilty of acts utterly alien to Orientals and Negroes, but none for the race of Christian teaching and spirit. Jesus. Very evidently we are not going to get very far on our journey toward the Jew until we We declare our disavowal of anti-semitism in every form know something about his background and his and our purpose to remove by every available means its mental characteristics. causes and manifestations in order that we may share with our fellow citizens of Jewish heritage, every political, The Christian Attitude Toward Jews educational, commercial, social, and religious opportunity.

(2) In a Christian approach to the Jews there We urge upon Christians everywhere the cultivation of must be the cultivation of right attitudes. It is understanding, appreciation, and good will toward the a strange fact that Jews have rarely been popular Jewish people to whom we owe so much. We call upon all citizens in the lands of their sojourn. There are Christians as they commemorate the birth of Jesus at few lands in the world today in which it is not a Christmas this year, to join us, through personal influence, serious handicap to be a Jew. Even in our own the teaching of the young at ho.me and school, and in other land there is, in places, a pronounced anti-Jewish ways, in earnestly seeking the removal of anti-Jewish sentiment. Jews find themselves excluded from prejudices and their consequences and the advent of a certain hotels, apartment houses, clubs, and new era of friendly fellowship and cooperation w.orthy of schools, and in seeking employment they often the faith we profess. face the legend, "No Jew need apply." To a highly sensitive people such discrimination is a (3) In an approach to the Jews use should be constant irritation. Slights may be harder to made of existing agencies. The traditional apbear than blows. It is the existence of this proach to the ,Jew has been through a mission in spirit, in some measure within the Christian a ghetto, which dealt with immigrant Jews church, that constitutes the most embarrassing through Yiddish addresses and Yiddish litera- ture. As conditions of Jewish life change this method of approach can no longer meet in any adequate way the Jewish situation. The ghetto is no longer characteristic of Jewish life, and Yid- dish is less and less used by American Jews. The great majority of Jews today live in American neighborhoods, sharing the life of the people about them. They resent being singled out from

their neighbors for a separate Christian ap- working and aggressive and claim more than proach. For this unreached multitude, scattered their share of honors, with the result that preju- over many thousands of neighborhoods, new dices are aroused, and out of prejudices are born methods are necessary. ostracisms and dislike. The growing anti-semi- Fortunately we have in this country an un- tism in our educational institutions will test our paralleled opportunity to bring the Jewish people resourcefulness to the utmost. Conferences with within the range of Christian influence. Accord- student leaders, seminars, and round table confering to the "American Jewish Year Book" Jews ences of the Stanley Jones type are necessary are living in 9,712 different places in the United steps in the removal of bitterness and the mellow- States. The situation in Canada, in proportion ing of student contacts.

to the population, is quite similar. The signifi- (4) An approach to the Jews also calls for a cance of this fact is that today ninety-five per ministry of interpretation. It is important here cent of the Jewish people on this continent are that Christians should clarify their objectives in living in proximity to Christian churches or their approach to the Jewish people. Jews charge Christian neighborhood houses. There are many Christians with cherishing the deliberate purpose thousands of churches of the denominations rep- of destroying Judaism, the religion in whose resented in this Council that have Jews living in bosom Christianity was nourished, and the syna- their own parishes, and many of the neighborhood gogue, the spiritual home of Christ and all his houses have also Jews living at their doors. Ob- apostles. As a people engaged in an eternal viously we can no longer think of our responsi- struggle for survival in the midst of an alien en- bility to the Jews in terms of a mission here and vironment, such efforts are regarded with resent- there in a ghetto, we must think of them also in ment and with the determination to resist them terms of the many thousands of churches and to the uttermost. It is from the standpoint of neighborhood houses under the shadow of which survival that we must interpret most of the oppo- they are now living. We have here a normal, sition that Christianity encounters from the Jew- effective, and God-given opportunity to do some- ish people.

thing really worth while for the Jewish people. In this connection it is important for us to con- The local church and the neighborhood house have sider whether our aim is to proselytize and build in many ways the advantage. Hundreds of up the church at the expense of the synagogue or churches have already discovered that Jews, in- to evangelize or share with our Jewish brethren stead of being unreachable, are as responsive as the spiritual treasures we have found in Jesus other people to an intelligent and sympathetic Christ. So long as the synagogue refuses to have Christian approach. There is here a very call of fellowship with those of their own number who God to every church having Jewish neighbors. If have found in Christ God's answer to the cry of every church in the United States and Canada their hearts for peace and pardon and spiritual facing this opportunity accepted in some sp~cific power, so long will it be inevitable that such Jews way its responsibility, the aggregate of service will seek in the church the fellowship that is dewould far exceed anything that has hitherto been nied them in the synagogue. But that is the prob- attempted. lem of the synagogue and not of the church.

Such a service calls for conference with pastors Our primary concern is to share with the Jews and church leaders for the enlistment of local the evangel, the good news that centers in the perchurches in this program, and the organization of son of Jesus. As expressed in a finding of the groups for study and service. It also involves Atlantic City Conference: "We believe that, courses of lectures in seminaries for the prepara- having found in Jesus Christ, our Redeemer, the tion of those who will furnish future leadership supreme revelation of God and having discovered in this work. our fellowship with Him to be our most priceless There is also an alluring opportunity for serv- treasure and the only adequate way to spiritual ice among Jewish students in our colleges and life, we should have an overmastering desire to universities through student pastors and other share Him with others and very specially with Christian workers. This is a field that has those who are His own people according to the scarcely been touched and yet, if we are to mold flesh."

the relationships of our Jewish and Christian Anyone who is familiar with the approach of leaders of tomorrow, it is here that we must be- the Church to the Jews from the second century stow our earnest attention and ripest thought. on, must stand aghast at its failure to present to The number of Jewish students in our higher them the Christ. Of bigotry, controversy and schools of learning is out of all proportion to their antagonism they have had more than enough.

percentage of the population. They are hard Through such things the face of the greatest Jew

of history has been veiled from their eyes. It is to enter the whitened harvest field also emphanow our high privilege to make Him known in sizes the need of a united and worthwhile apterms of sympathy and understanding. The su- proach. Here for the first time in history Jews preme need of the Jews is Jesus Christ. Bewil- in large numbers are in contact with Evangelical dered and groping for their way, He is the an- Christianity, and they present to us the most swer to their quest. He is now beginning to searching test of its reality and power. There emerge in Jewish thought from the mists that can be no assured future for Gentile Christianity have enveloped Him. . They are coming under the in these western lands if we fail to discover an spell of His matchless personality, but they do not effective approach to the Jews. If we are sucknow Him. That requires contact with those cessful, it will have its repercussions throughout who have an experience to share and a spirit to the world. The work is vast and complex, and it exhibit. The supreme need in this field is inter- is only through our joint endeavors that we can preters. To enlist and prepare them is the find a solution for this age-long problem. To Church's urgent task, for the interpretation of bring about a rapprochement of Jews and Chris- Christ to the Jew requires more than words, it tians for the establishment of the Kingdom of demands the whole life. God within our borders is the responsibility that rests upon us and calls for our best thought, our This brief conspectus of the Jewish situation willing cooperation and our earnest prayers. on this continent and of the providential challenge Missions and the Present Crisis* The history of the Church shows that new op- to bear one another's burdens. Opportunities for portunity and fresh responsibility come at such sacrifice will emerge, which will throw men and times as these. The central fact in human affairs women back on God and draw them into closer is that Christ stands in the midst of His Church, Christian fellowship with one another. And as the very Word of God, identifying Himself with we realize that the situation contains the possihuman life and giving to men faith and hope and bility of such spiritual gains for all of us we shall love. The crisis is a trumpet call to turn all eyes be stirred to ensure that nothing God requires to God. from us shall be wanting.

The missionary societies have a special contrib- The young churches in non-Christian lands must ution to bring into the response of the Church to this call of God. They represent its world-wide have a special place in the hearts and prayers of mission and direct its work overseas, a work beset at the moment with great problems, but at- the home churches in this time of crisis. These tended with the most inspiring success. churches, ranging from large' communities to To the missionary committees will fall the task of adjusting resources to needs, but the necessary small isolated groups, are the sure pledge of the adjustments can be carried through with a sympathy and an understanding that will make the great world-wide Church of Christ that is to be. work not a hateful task but a sacrament. Christian statesmanship is called for so that the ad- They are all facing heavy odds with great courjustment of policy to the new situation may be truly constructive. Enriching cooperation is made age. The crisis will make big demands on them, possible as we get closer together to ensure that, while economies have to be effected, the Christian and it is our privilege to enter into such a deeper witness is not lessened but rather strengthened. fellowship with them, as they too make their sac- The supporters of the work-responding sacrificially, while themselves so hard hit-and the rifice, as may make the crisis a blessing both to missionary committees may both acquire a keener sense of stewardship as they envisage the position them and to us. The needs of the situation will of the men and women representing them on the frontiers of the Kingdom, and the hopes and fears call each member of the younger churches to more of the young churches in non-Christian lands. The missionary work of the Church is one of the great devoted personal service, and they will have much schools where at this time we may all learn anew to teach us of their experience of God in Christ • A Message from the Standing Committee of the Conference of Missionary Societies in Great Britain and Ireland. as they shoulder larger responsibilities and rely more entirely upon Him. '

Those who believe that in Christ lies the hope of the world will reckon up anew their resources in God. All the difficult roads of these days of crisis lead to God if we choose to turn our steps to Him. He has much to say to His Church if we only listen. The Church was founded and its mis- sionary work entrusted to it just for days like these. .

Lift up your hearts. We lift them up unto the Lord.

Parish Turner-A Friend

FelloV Servant D"lucaj By the REV. J. LOVELL MURRAY, D. Toronto, Canada 11="

Director of the Canadian School of Missions, Formerly Educa- tional Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement A FEW weeks ago there passed from view and the intercommunal fellowship of all Christian be- .I".. entered into the greater life, a prince of lievers. friends and a stalwart among the servants In the year 1897 he married Rose Vaughan, of of the missionary enterprise. He was distinctly Nashville, who continued to the end an inspira- a leader, but the word tion to her husband and a "servant" is the truer term tower of strength in his to write across his record. work. In the year of his He aspired only to be use- marriage Turner was called ful; it was his personal by the Student Volunteer gifts and qualifications that Movement to be its General kept him in the front line. 'Secretary. Those were the Fennell P. Turner was "early days" of the great born in Danielsville, Tennes- movement, which originated see, on February 25, 1867, at Mount Hermon in 1886 the son of Rev. W. A. Tur- and was formally organized ner, a minister of the Metho- two years later.. When Tur- dist Episcopal C h u r c h, ner took the lead in its first South. While still a Van- decade, its spurs had been derbilt University under- won and the crusading pas- graduate, he was for two sion of its youthful years years principal of Dixon continued to be powerful in Academy. He was gradu- the colleges. It was still in a ated in 1891 and entered formative period, its tech- Vanderbilt Theological Sem- nique was in the making and inary and also became as- many 'college presidents and sistant editor and business professors, mISSIOn board manager of the Tennessee leaders and religious jour- Methodist. Religious jour- nalists in the United States nalism won the competition and Canada were dubious for his interest, for he about its value and its per- dropped his theological work manency. It was Fennell after the first year and con- Turner, together with John tinued with the paper till FENNELL PARISH TURNER R. Mott, who continued as 1895. It was a turning Chairman of the Executive point in his life when in that year he was ap- Committee from 1888 until 1923, who gave the pointed State Secretary for Tennessee of the Movement an established place in the sun of Young Men's Christian Association. That was academic and Church approval. Their strong, the beginning of an unbroken connection with in- wise and spiritual leadership kept the aim of the terdenominational activities that lasted for over Movement single and fervent, its genius distinc- thirty years. Yet he was always Church con- tive, its orientation true. There were many bat- scious. He was to the end a shining example of tles to be fought, misunderstandings to be cor- the compatability of intense loyalty to one's own rected, budgets to be balanced, problems of organ- communion and fervent, active enthusiasm for ization and relationship to be solved. But no one [ 292] ever saw Turner lose faith or hope, dodge a diffi- pointing candidate secretaries. Going further he culty or decline a responsibility. He gloried in conceived the idea of an inter-board organization the fact that the Movement was a movement and in 1911 brought about the formation of the rather than an organization and that it had never Board of Missionary Preparation. In addition to drawn up a formal constitution and by-laws. But his other work he carried the responsibility for he kept our minds fixed on what he called the this useful and growing agency until 1916 when "fundamental principles of the Movement." the double duty became too great and President These principles on which he rang the changes Frank K. Sanders of Washburn College was called are still an unwritten constitution and to them to be Director of the Board.

the Movement owes much of its growth and influ- ence. With the Foreign Missions Conference He was a ceaseless, and at times a feverish toiler. For example, he took elaborate pains with As General Secretary of the S.V.M., Dr. Turner the literary tasks that often fell to him. Besides made it a point to keep in close personal touch initiating some important missionary publica- with all the "sending societies." The secretaries tions, he wrote several -pamphlets and magazine of these boards came to look upon him as a valued articles and edited a number of volumes, includ- colleague and in the annual Foreign Missions Con- ing reports of the Student Volunteer Movement ference, which he always attended, they recog- and other gatherings. He was equally careful nized his wide knowledge, sound judgment and about every other aspect of the work. "Take organizational gifts by appointing him to various nothing for granted" was one of his slogans. He important committees. In 1918 he was made was early at his desk and usually he was the last Recording Secretary of the Conference and in the to leave in the evening. If, as was true probably following year he gave up the General Secretary- twice a week, a light was burning in the office at ship of the Student Volunteer Movement to be- night, it was almost invariably in Fennell's room, come full-time Secretary of the Conference and of for he was a familiar figure on the night trains to its interim committee, the Committee of Refer- Montclair, New Jersey, where the Motts and Tur- ence and Counsel. In this highly important posi- ners made their home together. He had a charge tion he remained until 1925. Missionary leaders to keep and he was true to it; he had a job to do of all communions in North America know with and he let it monopolize him. His colleagues al- what devotion and success he carried forward this ways found him taking up the heavy end. He work with its many ramifications during those six carried his work about with him. Often in the crowded years. For its present position of dead of night when he would be wakeful and strength and usefulness the Foreign Missions wrestling with a problem he would click on a Conference is deeply indebted to the sagacity and light to jot down some idea that occurred to him energy of Fennell Turner. It was a service be- or some item that must not be forgotten. He mas- yond price or praise to the cause of missions.

tered his work and was mastered by it. Though It was natural that his talents, his broad inter- powerful in frame, he had some physical weak- ests and extensive knowledge should be drafted nesses and with these he dealt faithfully in every freely by other organizations. He served on the way except resting. At times when his physician General Committee of the World's Student Chris- urged the necessity for a vacation, he would say, tian Federation, on the Board of the American "I found that out off my own bat. But I'm put- Christian Literature Society for Moslems, on the ting it up to you to get me back to par while I am Editorial Council of the Missionary Review of the in the saddle." He did not choose to dismount. World, on the International Missionary Council, During his energetic administration the Move- on the Executive Committee of the World Alli- ment advanced steadily in the confidence of the ance for Promoting International Friendship mission boards and in its hold upon the student through the Churches, and on the Administrative life of North America. Up to the year of his Committee of the Federal Council of the Churches resignation 8,140 Volunteers had begun their mis- of Christ in America. He was a delegate to the sionary service in all corners of the globe. World Missionary Conference in Edinburgh in He was one of the first to take up seriously the 1910 and to the International Missionary Confer- problem of missionary training, which is twin ence in Crans, Switzerland, in 1920. He attended brother to the problem of recruiting, although it in 1916 the Panama Congress of the Committee has only been tackled in earnest in recent years. on Cooperation in Latin America (having been a Turner canvassed the subject with board secre- member of the committee of arrangements) and taries, missionaries and professors of missions. in 1925 represented the Foreign Missions Confer- He arranged conferences on the subject. He ence at the Montevideo Conference, held under helped several boards to see the necessity of ap- the same auspices.

In all of these relationships he gave his best. deal to me. Fennell was continuously enrolled in That he was chosen for so many important serv- the great Academy of Friendship. And he was ices was a high tribute to his abilities and wis- an apt student.

dom. Further recognition came when Hope Col- We soon recognized that in a sincere and unlege, Michigan, conferred the degree of L.H.D., affected way his life was truly spiritual, anchored honoris causa and when the Vanderbilt University in the realities of Eternity and God. When he Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa elected him to mem- entered any group or activity he seemed to bership in 1931. strengthen its religious tone. He often spoke of In 1925 he relinquished the Secretaryship of the the danger of organizations being "concerned Foreign Missions Conference to become Secretary more with mechanics than with dynamics." His of Missionary Education and Foreign Extension example was a quiet challenge to his colleagues to of the General Sunday School Board of the Meth- be better men. We found him to be unselfish at odist Episcopal Church, South. This meant that all times. He was ready and glad to work with- he had "fetched a compass," for he was now back out recognition. He wanted results, not credit.

in his beloved Tennessee and in the particular Many an idea was set forth, for which the kudos service of the Church of his fathers. He was in- went to others. He was kindness incarnate.

vited in 1930 to become a member of the Fact While still a youth he undertook heavy obligations Finding Commission of the Laymen's Foreign in behalf of others which involved a sustained Missions Inquiry. He joined the section assigned self-denial through many years. But he found to India and spent a busy year in making inves- pleasure in carrying that load. And many an- tigations in that land and in writing his report. other load as well. Those immense shoulders This proved to be his last undertaking here. He overcrowded with duty and responsibility were returned in poor health and went to California to always hospitable to the burden of a troubled rest, hoping soon to be ready to resume work. person who came his way. But the Master of all good workmen had planned that his next assignment should be in another We were often made aware of his rigidity. He world. So on the night of February 9th last he was unyielding in his convictions and tenacious in went Home to God. his judgments. At times this was interpreted by some as stubbornness, especially when he would hold up the work of a committee to fight for his Elements of Strength point. But we who knew him best realized that it Every fellow-worker of Dr. Turner would agree was the attitude of a robust character with a keen that the great contribution he made to his gen- sense of responsibility. He was impatient with eration was not through his talents and his en- superficial thinking and with the attitude that ergy, but by the touch of his rich personality. change is to be reckoned as synonymous with How graciously potent it was! At our very first progress. So time and again he would be found meeting he impressed us all as a gentleman, every skating back from the forward line and preventinch-and there were six feet of inches-the per- ing an opponent's score by his solid defensive fect Southern gentleman. We rallied to a man so play. full of the joy of life, interested in a wide variety of things, jovial, optimistic, with a ready smile, a He impressed us by his bigness. He was a conhearty laugh and a flair for all that was sunny firmed interdenominationalist and internationaland funny. We saw in him a great lover ot ist. Conservative by nature, he was tolerant of men. People rather than organizations interested those who differed from him and he held the finhim. He gave time and attention to them lavishly est fellowship with men of widely varying belief and thought it well invested, even though it played and tradition. Always frank, always above board, havoc with his schedule. He was an enthusiastic he seemed able to look through incidentals to the personal Christian worker. He loved children. As essence of a matter. He thought in large terms and he did things in a generous, noble way.

a comrade he was a towering success. Friendship And observing closely through the years we saw with him was a two-way traffic. He inspired love a personality and a career marked by simplicity.

and unrestrained confidence for we found him He was easy to understand. He had chosen a few opening his heart to us and we knew that he loved central convictions and purposes and around us and was loyal. On a railway train he once these he organized his life. To his convic- asked me, "How do you think of Christ? You tions he gave a loyal adherence and into the real- know," he said, "some think of Him chiefly as ization of his purposes he poured the strength and their Master, others are most conscious of Him as passion of his days. Therein lies one chief secret their Redeemer. For my part, I habitually think of Fennell Turner's effective self-giving to move- of Him as my Friend." That explained a great ments and men.

Education in a Local

..:( By the REV. NORRIS L. TIBBETTS, Chicago Pastor and Director of Religious Education in Hyde Park Baptist Church M ISSIONARY education is primarily con- bring friendships among Christians in different cerned with developing the habit of think- parts of the earth, the world view is enriched and ing in world terms about the highest wel- the world ties are strengthened. But opportuni- fare of people. Long before the average man's ties for such personal contacts are usually lim- thoughts went much beyond his neighborhood and ited. The church in this generation is concerned almost never beyond the nation, the Christian with a missionary movement the extent of which Church was bringing the farther corIiers of the has greatly diminished the personal aspect for the earth to the attention of its local church, but enormously members. Conscious first of a increased the significance of message born of a personal ex- The advance of Christian mis- the missionary affairs. Misperience of the power of Jesus sions has radically changed sionary education today must Christ, there have been men the Church. Narrow vision bring to people some sense of and women who, like the and sympathies are signs of this world-Christian movement. Apostle Paul, saw next a vision ignorance. Information proof a needy world. The sense motes breadth of interest and This can be done in part of a mission and of a message develops I a r g eheartedness. through the preaching. I am to people in their need has sent How may intelligent mission- not thinking of the missionary the missionaries forth. These ary interest be promoted in a sermon which specializes on were the first to think cre- local church? May we not some world theme, often for atively in world terms about lose character and enthusiasm the purpose of raising money. the highest welfare of people. unless we understand why we Coming at irregular intervals, should give ourselves to this such a sermon may stimulate Those who remained at home world-wide enterprise and un- interest and achieve certain followed with their interest less we have first-hand knowl- immediate results, but it can and support the missionaries hardly be expected to develop who went abroad. Naturally edge of the workers? the habit of thinking in world the horizons lifted and the terms. This will come only as provincial outlook of the local a result of the constant stretch- church began to take on the ing of the mind with thoughts characteristics of a world View. But it was a that reach out into the world at large.

world view nourished by definitely personal in- There are at least two ways which I have ob- terests. In its earliest stages, Baptist mission- served by which preaching can develop the world I ary enthusiasm, for instance, focused in Adoniram view. The first is by widening the application Judson in Burma. When the first converts of principles or truths until they are seen in their joined the missionary, they came intimately to the widest world setting. The other is by the use of attention of the local church. I think this sense illustrations gathered from the literature or ex- of personal relationship was extremely impor- perience of other nations or races. Uncon- tant as it kept alive the interest which gave sup- sciously the boundaries of the mind are ex- port to the enterprise. But it was only the be- tended to share with appreciation the thoughts ginning of a comprehensive outlook. It was like and lives of distant people. The latest develop- a wedge of thought and interest driven into the ments in our missionary emphasis have given to blank wall of the world's larger life. this type of preaching a new significance. Hav- The modern church is not thinking in terms of ing judged other peoples by the Christian stand- a single missionary here and a handful of Chris- ard and found them wanting, we have sent mis- tians there. There are hundreds of missionaries sionaries. Now these peoples, who have learned and thousands of Christians. If circumstances from us these Christian standards, turn back [295 ]

our judgments upon ourselves. 'Ve have been of the Missionary Enterprise," to a group of compelled to realize that when we preach to the people steadily increasing in numbers and interneeds of the world, we preach to the needs of est. This is a revealing fact. People who are acour own land. When we preach to the needs tively engaged in the missionary enterprise may of our own land, we preach to the needs of the need to realize the background of the modern world. Preaching may make a people world-con- movement. They may need a restatement of its scious. purpose. Evidently there is a desire to know why the work should be carried on. In our generation Various group projects within the church help we are promoting an enterprise which was initiatto develop the habit of thinking in world terms. ed by O1U forefathers. It issued forth from their World friendship and mission study courses have experience on a flood tide of enthusiasm. May 'we increased knowledge on world affairs. During one not reach a point where our enthusiasm will begin entire year the program of the Business and Pro- to wa,ne unless we discover, as a result of our fessional Women's Club centered in different thought and experience, why we should give ourcountries of the world. The program for the selves to this enterprise in our day as other genchurch school has been concentrated usually in a erations gav.e themselves to it in their day? I besingle month. I think this could be fairly criti- lieve we should seriously consider whether the cized. A new plan extends the program for con- church in our modern world does not carry a sidering world relationships to two months, and double responsibility, first to keep the missionary is the outgrowth of a curriculum whose entire enterprise m01Jing forward, but second, and funpurpose is to broaden the student's thinking in damentally as important, to interpret the reason terms both of God and of his fellowmen. It for and the purpose of this enterprise so that it would not be particularly helpful to describe these will challenge the enthusiasms of our day. various projects in detail. The underlying principle is that interest in the missionary enterprise This church has been fortunate in its contacts is sustained as the world view is cultivated and with world movements. Men and women in its extended. Both by what we think and by what membership have had positions of responsibility we do the habit of thinking in world terms is on many boards and commissions that have dealt developed. with world affairs. One of its ministers went as Barrows lecturer to India. World-mindedness is Ever since our particular denomination set contagious and through the interest and leaderaside one month for intensive missionary edu- ship of such men and women, the thinking of the cation, this church has cooperated with the pro- church has been extended to embrace widely sepgram. This cooperation has been of two kinds. arated areas of the earth. Not every church is so First, the special book of reading has been wide- blessed. But what has happened here in notable ly distributed in the homes, primarily through degree can be reproduced elsewhere. children of the church and school. The ideal is to have the designated section read each day by I come back finally to the importance in misthe family together. In the next place a series sionary education of the personal element. Withof church night meetings has been arranged. For out diminishing my emphasis on the importance several years missionaries and foreign students of developing a world outlook which can discern spoke. This was an important contribution to and appreciate trends and movements, I should the world view of the people. Twice lectures have like to add a word of ~mphasis on the value of perbeen given over a period of four weeks illustrated sonal contacts. Great events stir us as we grasp with stereopticon and moving pictures. These their meaning and their power. But the influence were not successful, due primarily to the limita- of example and the power of personality are best tions of the pictures. Personally I should say able to reach the hidden springs of human interthat the most vital method of missionary educa- est and action. For instance, I have followed Sam tion has been the least developed. I mean visual Higginbottom's work at Allahabad because in stueducation through motion pictures intelligently dent days I heard him speak and felt the influand artistically filmed. Until great improvement ence of his personality and because in later years is made, motion pictures from the field, in my a friend of mine went out to join him. Therejudgment, do more harm than good. fore, beside the important task of developing our thinking in world terms about the highest wel- During the time that this intensive program has fare of all people, I should like to place the value been presented, the most significant meetings have of making some personal contacts which will give been those which dealt with the philosophy of the to us the feeling that in and through our friends missionary enterprise. One year for five weeks we are sharing in the world-wide Christian ena professor of missions in a divinity school lec- terprise. tured on "The Whence, the Why and the Whither

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO SPRINGTIME PROGRAMS vegetables and flowers, have a ers (released from container as poster for each meeting, using it in gift-shower), autumn leaves, Nothing short of the most al- for advertising purposes in the fruit baskets (specifically lining luring presentation of the best vestibule beforehand, then hang- up the fruits of definite missionpossible missionary material is ing it near the leader's table as ary efforts), holly berries (at worthy of a consecrated pro- an illustration and visualization Christmas meeting), a missiongram b u i Ide r. "The King's of some feature of the theme. ary bouquet, etc. In general, the Business" requires not only You will find that leaders of the appreciation of a meeting is in "haste" but our utmost en- successive meetings vie with proportion to the number of peodeavor. Are you giving that to each other in having the most ple taking part in it within its your m iss ion a r y teaching, attractive posters: and when, at time limits, and this manner of preaching or programs? So long the close of the series, the whole serving current events affords as skilful seasoning conditions collection of posters is hung excellent opportunity to use the the acceptability of food, we around the room for compari- timid folk. should never consider negligible son, some small reward may be the higher art of the program given for the production of the The devotionals are effectivemaker, carefully studying her one best adapted to its purpose. ly designated as "Meditations," appeal to the normal appetite. This is optional. and they come nearer to being Out of 35 years' experience as truly devotional if placed at the pastor's wife and mission circle The serial title may well be close of the program when prayworker, the writer can positive- "World Gardening," or "Our ers grow naturally out of fresh ly g u a ran tee that sufficient Missionary Gardens," the motto information and inspiration. pains, prayer and preparation being either "The Field Is the Freshen the devotional period will draw the audience. (The World" or "As the earth bring- with variety which forces the "preparation" covers attractive eth forth her bud, and as the auditors to think and feel. advertising. Many an excellent garden causeth the things that program finds its extinguisher are sown in it to spring forth, Excellent meditation themes "under a busheL") so the Lord God will cause right- may be selected from the follow- eousness and praise to spring ing assortment and fitted to the One of the most picturesque forth before all the nations." topics chosen: and attractive figures under which to develop a series of The leader of each meeting Grapes Sweet and Sour-Jer. 31: studies for juniors, intermedi- may be called the Head Gar- 29, 30; Num. 13:17-24. ates, high school students or dener or Head Florist, and other woman's circles is that of gar- participants, "assistants" or The Harvest Perspective – John dening. While its inception is "helpers." 4:27-38. seasonable at this time of year, it readily lends itself to the Current events, when used, Help Wanted-Matt. 9:35-38. whole round of the calendar, will be rendered more attractive Lessons from the Lilies – Matt. and may be arranged to cover a by being designated seedlings, 6 :25-34. study book, an intensive consid- an autumn salad (typed and Combatting Garden Pests – Gen. eration of some special field, or pasted on crepe paper lettuce 4:9; I Tim. 4:12; Eccl. 9:10. a sequential list of general top- leaves and passed around among The Secret of Successful Gardening ics. The outline herewith given the audience to be read), a bou- -John 15:1-6; I Cor. 9. is a composite of several excel- quet of forget-me-nots (slips of Nature's Law of Sowing and Reaplent contributions for this de- paper containing t e r s e news ing-Gal. 6:7-10; II Cor. 9:6. partment, hence no individual items tied to tiny artificial for- The Probl~m of the Weeds-Matt. trademarks can be noted. get-me-nots and given out to be 13 :14-30. read, as above), June rosebuds Increasing the Yield-John 15 :1-8. At the beginning, commandeer (items en c los e d in artificial a number of illustrated seed cat- buds), field flowers, May baskets Many appropriate songs will alogues and from their attrac- (items passed around in lovely suggest the m s e Iv e s, among tively colored pictures of fruits, decorated baskets), April show- which are "Thank God for a Garden," "I Know a Garden," "In the Garden," "Bringing in the Sheaves," "What Shall the Harvest Be?", "Sowing Seeds of Kindness," etc.

[297 ]

The following list contains a Current Events under caption TO PROMOTE THE CAUSE OF variety of program topics from "Sample See d Packets," the which the committee may select items being enclosed in tiny en- TEMPERANCE its own sequence, after which it velopes with floral or vegetable decoration on 0 u t sid e, and By MRS. Lucy E. VAN KIRK is an easy matter to sub-divide passed out for a group of women the themes and fit in suitable to read distinctly. Select items Editor and Business Manager of meditations and current events: about missionary publications if The Ohio Messenger possible. We Study the Seed Catalogue. "Our missionary Gospel today The program may be in the has its message as of old for Preparing the Soil (pioneer efforts form of a synthetic catalogue, every life, but also and increas- its back of green paper with gay ingly for all of life. What is in various fields, or a study of the taking place in America today is cut-outs for decoration and the not something apart from our initial efforts of any given mission- words, "Missionary Seed Cata- missionary task, but something logue for 1932" in plain view of that is woven into its very fabary). the audience. Inside pages may ric. Industry, commerce, poli- feature the different items of tics are not apart from missions, Home and Imported Products (a the lit era t u representation, but something that is woven into bright pictures cut from actual its very fabric. We must evan- Home and a Foreign theme, under the catalogues possibly being used. gelize these asp e c t s of life, This catalogue may be placed on bringing them into h arm 0 n y titles "Oriental" and "Occidental"). an easel and the pages turned by with the teachings of Christ. the leader as the meeting pro- . . . In our protest against con- Our Neighbors' Gardens (studies of gresses. The items would be ventions that hamper and regu- specific to the organization using lations that go to extremes, we Canadian, Mexican or West Indian the program, but might include: run the risk of losing sight of the eternal fact that all life is missions). 1. Hymn, "He That Goeth Forth with guided by law. The widespread Weeping." violation of the prohibition law Community Gardening (local social and the condoning of such VIOla- 2. Head Gardener's Introduction- tion by those in high places of service studies, or a guest-day meet- the first need is for seeds, new, social and political influence is a certified, free from weeds, and of striking example." ing with similar organizations of specific kinds inclusive of the other churches). . Word of God and other informa- -"The Challenge of Change." tive material in harmony there- The Nursery (study of work of with. As we all know, there is a movement on foot at the present juvenile missionary organizations, or 3. Talk: The Hardy Perennials- time to break down law enforce- new mission study books. ment and nullify those laws that of kindergarten and primary work on do not coincide with the views of 4. The Annual Fruits – crisp sum- certain individuals and interests. home or foreign fields). maries of other books inclusive of This, if successful, would bring those in Competitive Reading Con- chaos through disregard for all The Garden of Herbs (medical mis- test. law. Every Christian should be alert and actively engaged in sions) . 5. Song, "Thank God for a Garden." studying out an intelligent plan 6. The Salad Vegetables-new leaf- to promote respect for law in The Garden of Books (presentation general, and in particular to pre- lets and pamphlets refreshing to vent bringing liquor into our of study books or competitive reading jaded appetites and of tonic value. midst through bootleggers and volumes) . 7. The Monthly Roses – missionary other means. What can we as periodicals, stressing THE REVIEW missionary leaders do? Patriotic Gardening-a study in as the hardiest one, not specific to The great need is for educa- Red, White and Blue (summer meet- individual denominational gardens tion to meet the propaganda of but adapting itself perfectly to those who would modify or nulin?, on Civics). every soil and climate the world lify the existing laws on the over, hence indispensable in every question. "Youth," says a recent The Harvest Home (autumn meet- garden. writer, "is the prey of the edu- cators of intemperance-those ing on results on mission fields). Meditation: The Parable of the who would destroy rather than Wheat and Tares, Matt. 13 :24-30, build character. The leaders of Garden Information (reports of showing need of great care in se- tomorrow should be given every lection of proper seed if we would opportunity to know the highest conventions, etc.). have the maximum harvest. ideals and enrich their own lives S. Sample Seed Packets. To avoid with them." In the Garden of the King (Christ- an unduly long program, it may be better to distribute these to all mas meeting, with possible program at the close, to be taken home, read with mind in receptive mood. on "Following Christmas around the planted in the heart and nurtured with prayer. Flowers of love and World," viz., giving accounts of cele- service are then due to blossom. (Envelopes may contain either brations on various mission fields). leaflet literature or carefully se- lected clippings from THE REVIEW, A Garden Party (summer meeting the selections being typed if one wishes to avoid destroying the out of doors). magazine.) An Indian (Of African. etc.) Gar- den (study of a specific field).

How Does Your Garden Grow? (re- port of denominational progress).

A Garden Magazine (presentation of any given number of The Review.

in its various features and departments) .

A SAMPLE GARDEN PROGRAM Invitations, on apple – g r e e n bristol board tied with dark green cord: A garden you will want this year, And now the time is drawing near When you will want some tested seeds- These every careful gardener needs, Unless you'd raise a crop of weeds Within a garden drear.

Poster featuring seed packets -sketched and named, or actually tied to the bristol board, with invitation, time and place of meeting inscribed.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Plan for short, pithy talks in See that the program commit- than are the money-ralsmg methods such as fairs, suppers, etc" for profit. the Sunday School. tee in the Woman's Missionary Start a pledge-signing cam- Society makes a place for down- 6. Resolved, that the stewardship of time is of greater importance to paign, using something like this: to-date consideration of the sub- the furtherance of the Christian en- "I hereby declare my purpose to ject each year, or has temper- terprise than the stewardship of money. abstain from alcoholic liquor as ance news items introduced into 7, Resolved, that Home Missions a beverage." the regular programs.* has been helped more than hindered Ask your pastor to preach a Have a con t est or debate by the moneyed interests of America. rousing temperance sermon among the young people with from time to time, and give his either prizes or announced deci- Topics for Discussion: efforts such support as shall sions at the close. hearten him to do his utmost. 1. Is our community a friendly Hold poster contests. Educa- place for the representatives of The Women's Home Mission- tional posters catch the eye and various nationalities that live here? ary Society of the Methodist hold the attention better than Church recently offered three words. 2. How would people of other money prizes to Queen Esther races and nationalities be likely to answer that? Circles for the three best post- 3, Do all representatives of other races in our community have a fair DISCUSSIONS AND DEBATES chance for econo;mic progress?

ers submitted under certain con- One of the most profitable 4. Are there church opportunities test rules, the sub j e c t being ways in which to bring a dy- for people of all races in this com- namic· subject before an audi- munity, either in separate churches or "Why Should United States Cit- ence is through the medium of through hospitable attitudes that welizens Be Total Abstainers from a debate or pro and con discus- come all sorts of people in one Alcoholic Beverages?" L a r g e sion. The slight element of church? prizes would be likely to attract competition whets the appetites real artists, so the offering of of the hearers, who unconscious- 5. In what ways am I interpreting ly align themselves now with Christianity to the foreigners whom smaller ones brings in the ama- one side and now with the other, I know? teurs who most need the temper- while the effect upon the conance education. testants themselves is self-evi- 6. Is the Woman's Movement in dent. Care should be exercised India a bane or a boon? Use to the limit the loophole in the statement of the topic, offered in the public schools by however, as it is of questionable 7, Has Christianity played any the law for Scientific Temper- ethical v:alue to lead a speaker part in that awakening? ance Instruction. Often your to argue against his ideals. minister or some other qualified 8. What is likely to happen to person will be allowed to address A request which came not civilization if this new movement is the pupils on the subject. long since to THE REVIEW re- not christianized? garding questions for debate Utilize your citizenship privi- leads us to submit the following, 9. Why should we support colleges leges to the limit. Elect men to with earnest recommendation in the Orient which are run mainly office who really believe in law that the method be utilized in by Orientals? enforcement, then stand back of all adult departments of church these officers and hold up their life: 10. What are modern college stuhands as they endeavor to be dents in China doing for their own true to their oath of office. Com- country? mend them heartily for the brave, loyal things they do. We If questions like the above are are all too ready to criticize. to be thrown open for general discussion, it is well to prime The Fourth General Council 1. Res'olved, that David Living- sever:al people beforehand to of the United Church of Canada stone made a greater contribution to lead out in the arguments or has expressed itself as follows: progress in Africa than Cecil Rhodes. topics.

2. Resolved, that evangelism is PROGRAM SEEDLINGS "The Play Hour Series" is a publication suggesting games, stories and refreshments to be used in connection with pro- Inasmuch as the (liquor) traffic is more important in the foreign field grams from a large variety of now attacking the home in a new and than education. foreign lands. (Presbyterian subtle way, we heartily endorse the Board of Foreign Missions, 156 proposal of the Board, in cooperation 3. Resolved, that the missionary Fifth Ave., New York. Price has helped the progress of humanity with the Woman's Missionary Society, more than has the non-Christian ex- 10 cents.) plorer. At the annual meeting of the to promote a campaign to secure the definite exclusion of alcoholic bever- 4. Resolved, that the missionary is Chicago Presbyterial last April, ages from the homes of our people, a greater asset for world peace than a fine pictorial presentation of and recommend that all ;ministers, of- armaments. the officers for the coming year ficials, members and adherents of the was arranged. A wide frame United Church be urged to give the Ii. Resolved, that the faithful prac- was constructed behind an easimovement their heartiest cooperation tice of the stewardship of money on the part of church members is a ;more and support. profitable method of financing the Church and its world-wide enterprise Similarly w i I I you not en- * Denominations having a Temperance Divi- ly drawn curtain on the platdeavor to line up your church, sion in their national organization may obtain – form. A woman was seated near literature on the subject from their own headcommunity, newspapers and quarters. Otherwise it win be furnished at by with an album on her lap as- schools to render ours truly a cost by the National Publishing House of the suming to show to a new, young "dry" nation? Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Evans- member of the society pictures ton, Illinois.

of its officers. These latter were the December meeting, a candle ter spirit and enlisted a greater arranged in groups of three or was lighted on the Christmas number for the presentations. five as tableaux within the tree for each dollar received. It frame and remained motionless is remarkable how the setting of An inscription on a year book while the demonstrator cleverly a picturesque goal like that will recently inspected was as fol- spur to added activity. lows: "'Nited' does not spell described them, not even ven- 'united' without 'u' in it. 'Sccess' turing a smile at some of her Another "Manly Missionary does not spell 'success' without facetious remarks. Then when Meeting" is reported as most 'u' in it. 'Chrch' does not spell the curtain was closed again, successful. First there was a 'church' without 'u' in it." another page of the album was song-fest by "the vocal men"; turned to afford opportunity for then a salvo of twelve guns by As an intermediate step in the the posing of a new group. "the minute men" (presumably welding of the world fields so as brief missionary t a I k s 0 r to do away with the invidious A Mother-and-Child meeting items) ; a quartette by "the male concept of "home" and "forlends itself to the effective pres- men"; an address, The Bible a eign," Mrs. W. J. Armstrong, of entation of certain subject mat- Missionary Book, by "the flower Cambridge, Mass., writes: "It ter, either home or foreign. Any man"; another address, Jonah is my idea to try to have news person not having a little child Whaled into a Foreign Missionor grandchild may borrow one ary, by "a lawyer man"; an in- from all our fields at each meetfor the occasion, this being her strumental solo by "a music ing instead of the usual one of ticket of admission. man"; a short address, Christ a giving exclusively home or for- Foreign Missionary, by "a Bible eign information. I hoped in One missionary society took School man"; and The Bible a this way to try to hold the world up its collection in a milk bot- Missionary Story, by "a car- as the field before our people. tle, asking each one in the audi- penter man." That would sure- Naturally a missionary talks ence to place with it the price ly bring out the male member- about her own place of service of one day's luncheon. ship of the church to at least one most; but our speakers have missionary meeting. Let us look been asked, wherever possible, The history of our great mis- forward to the day when there to indicate how their work is sionary hymns is being present- need be no gender for the term, typical of other fields. We have ed in a five-minute interval at "missionary meeting." had a resume (by one of the each successive meeting during program committee speaking the whole year, by a resourceful *** woman's society. before the address) of the most A Tacoma woman's society vital statistics and conditions of *** reports that at the meeting pre- the phase of the work of the vious to the preparation of a A "Manly Missionary Meet- new year book, the chairmen of presentation to follow." ing" is held once a year by the the seven circles into which the woman's society in the First organization was divided were *** Baptist Church at Battle Creek, called to the front and allowed Michigan, the mayor presiding, to draw from a like number of "A Reception for the Newa topic of general civic interest slips of paper the president held being discussed and the public in her hand one slip each, not comers" is an annual event in generally invited. having seen what was written one progressive organization. on the reverse of the slips. Each At the First Baptist Church such inscription specified the At each annual meeting for the in Washington, D. C., the wom- date on which that circle was to election of officers, newcomers an's year book bore the follow- sponsor a program meeting, the during the past year were espeing inscription: "Our aim for color of the paper indicating the cially invited to be present, a 1931: (1) Every woman know- nationality to be studied-yel- note with R.S.V.P. attached ing, praying, giving. (2) Every low for the Japanese or Chinese, having been sent. Each new woman reading at least three brown for the Hindus, etc. At woman as she entered the room missionary books this year. (3) its next meeting each circle de- was given a flower and a card Some missionary magazine in cided what field included in its with her name written on it. At the home of each member. (4) assignment it would study, also the close of the service, after the Every member of the society chose its topic and a program officers had been duly elected, participating in White Cross leader. These decisions were work (missionary sewing, etc., handed to the president by a the newcomers were invited to for hospital or other field certain date so as to be incorpo- the front to stand in line with needs) . (5) Everyone con- rated in the year book. This the officers for an informal retributing regularly to mission- plan has developed more free- ception. Many expressed their ary funds. (6) Enlistment of dom and initiative among the appreciation of this opportunity new members. (7) Everyone women, also given them a bet- to meet so many members of the studying the Bible. It would be church. Why not do this at the interesting to know how nearly first autumn meeting of your or- that aim was attained. ganization and accomplish the When the mite boxes of a cer- double purpose of introducing the newcomers to the membertain circle were brought in at ship and to the work of the so- ciety, giving a sample copy of THE REVIEW as a souvenir?

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Women"s Home and Foreign Bulletin ANNE SEESHOLTZ, 105 EAST TWENTy-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA "Under Heaven, One Family"

Among the New Books To Aid in Understanding CHINA and THE AMERICAN INDIAN FACING THE FUTURE IN large groups and furnishes a WORKING FOR A NEW wealth of background material. INDIAN MISSIONS At the close of that chapter he CHINA says: "The task of the Chris- Part 1. A Social Outlook on Indian tian missionary who would serve Lady Fourth Daughter of China. By Missions. By Lewis Meriam. Part the American Indians is vastly Mary Brewster Hollister. Pub. by II. The Church and the Indian. By more difficult today than it has Central Committee on the United George W. Hinman. Pub. by Mis- been in the past, although not Study of Foreign Missions. Cloth, sionary Education Movement and involving as much danger and 75 cents; paper, 50 cents. Council of Women for Home Mis- hardship. The Indian life of sions. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents. earlier days was relatively sim- "Lady Fourth Daughter of ple and primitive. The things China" first attracts the reader Part I enables us to see the missionaries had to do then were by its cover. On a yellow backsituation among American In- simple compared with the com- ground I Lai Cho, one of China's dians through the eyes of a re- plexities they face today and young artists, has drawn a search specialist who faces facts will face increasingly in the fu- graceful spray of lan-hwa, the very frankly yet is thoroughly tureas the Indians seek to find western epidendrum. On opensympathetic with these people. their place in our modern civi- ing the pages one has one's curi- Dr. Meriam recently made a sur- lization. In the days of the pio- osity excited by an artistic map vey at the request of the Indian neer. missionary the challenge of the twenty-eight provinces, office and was the chief editor of was to work for the Indian while enticing Oriental faces the report of that survey which people. T 0 day the challenge, peep out of every chapter. The is one of the most important doc- even greater and more difficult book's whole makeup clamors, uments of many years on "The "Read me." Problem of Indian Administra- (Continued on page 302) tion." "The touch of His Hand is the [ 301 ] breath of Spring." With these In the first chapter, Dr. Mer- (Contir:.ued on page 302) iam divides the Indians into five

FACING THE FUTURE IN gestions of things which local Living Issues in China. By Henry T. Hodgkin. Pub. by Missionary Edu- INDIAN MISSIONS- church groups may do for In- cation Movement. Cloth, $1.00; pa- dians near at hand and methods per, 60 cents. Continued of helping those on the reserva- tions by assisting in the sale of This is the sort of book one and therefore more stimulating, articles made by them. There is might expect from a secretary throughout a distinct emphasis of the National Christian Counis to work with them." on the value of Indian arts and cil of China. It is not a recital crafts and the earnest desire of missionary successes to per- Following this comes a dis- that all of the best things of suade the American c h u r c h their culture be preserved. member that missionary work is cussion of "The Need for Mu- worthwhile after all. It is a sur- -MAY HUSTON vey of the situation in the large, tual Understanding" with chap- a facing of the most urgent WORKING FOR A NEW problems of the Kingdom of God ters on Health and Education, in China. It treats in turn cre- CHINA-Continued ating a new state system, edu- Making a Living, Family and cating the vast Chinese popula- words Mary Brewster Hollister tion, reconstructing social life, Community Life, showing ways ends her introduction to this providing adequate economic year's mission study book. His support, r a i sin g the physical by which the Government forces Hand must indeed have touched standard, securing right inter- the author for the breath of national relationships, comparand the missionaries may co- Spring blows through all her ing Chinese religions and Chris- writing. tianity, promoting the growth operate. The very fact that the of the Christian Church. Mrs. Hollister was born in new administration of Indian China and "We could almost say It is simply assumed that the she was a missionary in China Christian Church of the West is Affairs in the Government has from birth until two years ago." responsible for understanding She brings to her work the best these issues and helping to meet recently brought into the service touchstone for any book-the them. Therefore the difficulties love of her subject. are frankly considered, together so many men and women of out- with matters open to difference The author's theme is Chinese of opinion. The person who standing ability, indicates a new women and their part in the cre- wants to know nothing more ative, constructive work that is about missions than how much day for the American Indian. going on in China in spite of good a dollar will do, will nat- war and famine. Fortunately, urally be disappointed in this These. appointments have been "L a d y Fourth Daughter of book. Those who wish to get a China" is not a mere text book view of the situation as seen by because of experience and train- but has in it a fine store of in- a broadminded, progressive mis- formation for leaders and speak- sionary leader who has served ing and their ability to under- ers on Chinese subjects. With as a missionary on the field, a rare skill the writer has used ex- board secretary in Great Bristand and apply the science of quisite illustrations from Chi- tain, and a head of the National nese literature, history and, Christian Council of China, will human relationships. above all, the dear women she find it a challenge to thought, has known, so that they are no faith, and effort. In Part II, Dr. Hinman traces longer strangers living in a far country, but our friends and the work of pioneers in the es- neighbors. One of the charming stories in the book is of a poor tablishing of Christian missions among Indians. Realizing the need of better living conditions among these people, they did what they could to alleviate suf- fering, encourage calneadnleisnteasbs~ supply better homes lish schools and c h u r c h e s.

Through the Christian message, many I n d ian families have found joy and peace as well as better homes, cleaner bodies and minds free from superstition, and have become leaders of their own people.

Now that the Government has begun to meet the physical and educational needs more ade- quately and is offering a chance for religious education training III the schools, the missionary has a better opportunity for old Chinese woman left desolate The strength of the book is in spiritual work than ever before. in her old age. its breadth and balance of treat- The cooperation of denomina- "But aren't you ever lonely or ment and the fundamental chartions in placing religious educa- afraid?" she was asked by Mrs. acter of the problems dealt with, tion directors in a number of Hollister. rather than in wealth of illustra- government schools is welcomed "Gold and jewel s," she tion or impressionistic style. In and is offering a training great- crooned to the inquirer, a radi- connection with each topic the ly needed by the students. Nu- ant certainty in her face, "Jesus' liabilities as well as the assets merous illustrations of the influ- people are never lonely or afraid. are frankly considered, together ence and helpfulness of mission- . God makes company with us." with practical suggestions for aries of the various denomina- Whoever t a k e s up "Lady Christian cooperation. tional boards are given showing Fourth Daughter of China" will There is a good bibliography. that the Indian field has many find that "God keeps company For those who use the book in hopeful and rewarding features. with them" every step of the discussion groups a leader's The book gives practical sug- way. -GERTRUDE SCHULTZ manual is prepared, suggesting

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

methods for groups willing to race as a whole as it exists to- realize that they and young Chiwork and also for those from day, in our midst yet at the same nese Christians are facing towhom little outside preparation time anomalously sidetracked or gether the same essential prob- inconsequently trailing behind. lems of life in the modern world can be expected. Our responsibility tow a r d and sharing the same aspira- -T. H. P. SAILER them, how to understand them tions. It is one of those books- AN EXPRESSION OF YOUNG and the i r peculiar problems, of which, happily, there is an in- their native aesthetic and spirit- creasing n u m b e r nowadays- INDIANS ual gifts and the contribution that will make its young readers Indian Americans. By Winifred Hul- these can be to us, this book say, not, "How strange the y bert. Pub. by Missionary Education shows in a way to stir us all to are!" or "What queer customs Movement and Council of Women for Home Missions. Cloth, $1.00; appropriate attitude and action. they have!" but "They are meet- paper, 60 cents. If we overlook the Indians or re- ing the sam e difficulties we Here is a book that removes gard them as a subject suffi- meet" or "They are asking the from the realm of the taken-for- ciently well taken care of, we ig- same questions we ask." It is a granted while only half under- nore a whole area of interest at book for youth by youth. Each stood and largely neglected, a our door. "Indian Americans" of its seven chapters is written subject which has long burned gives us the key to understand- by an outstanding Chi n e s e for due attention and apprecia- ing and cooperation. Christian who is especially qual- tion, that of the aboriginal na- -OLIVE RICHARDS ified by training and experience tives of our country, the "red to handle the particular theme men," the American Indians, or, CHINESE YOUTH ON ITS assigned him. The general edi- tor, Dr. William Hung, is Proas the author fitly terms them, WAY TO LEADERSHIP fessor of History at Yenching Indian Americans. Too Ion g Ling Yang. By Ethel T. Thompson. University, Peiping, and has have these our first fellow coun- Pub. by Central Committee on the trymen been looked upon by United Study of Foreign Missions. lived in America, not only as a most of us as a picturesque fea- Board, $1.00; paper, 50 cents. student but also as exchange ture of the land, subdued and A fascinating story of a boy professor at Harvard. harmless but alien to ourselves of new China and his sister. The In an introductory chapter and properly placed in schools story begins with a dragon race that summarizes skilfully the and reservations of their own. and moves on into the exciting present trends in China and ex- Or else we have accepted them life of a boy and girl in New plains the plan of the book, he as one with ourselves, an assimi- China. says: lated citizenry h a v i n g equal Some of the 0 u t s tan din g "The several chapters of this rights and privileges and so to events are: a school athletic book represent an attempt to debe dis m iss e d from further meet; a trip up the river by junk scribe certain important phases thought. and wheelbarrow; encounter of this chaotic life (of China to- Winifred Hulbert, the author with bandits and rescue; first day) and to indicate the direcof the present boo k, after contact with the Jesus-people; tions which the struggle in months of travel and association the coming of the missionary thought is taking. Outside of a m 0 n g them and those who doctor into Ling Yang's home; China there are also young peoknow them best, with intensive the opening of the new hospital; ple who dream the dreams that critical and sympathetic study the dragon parade. challenge reality. The y may of them, presents them in a new The story closes with Ling wonder how their fellow-dreamlight so striking in its interest Yang starting off to prepare to ers are faring in China. . . . and challenge that it addresses take his place in training for We have picked out six major itself to all of us who wish to be "New China." "I wonder how social relationships in the life of reasonably right in our thinking well I can learn to live and teach China's young men and young concerning them. Intended spe- the Christian way. No other women-the family, the school, cifically for young people, the way is good enough for New the vocation, the nation, the book undertakes to interpret the China." world, and religion-and have race in its present-day status The book has been illustrated tried to tell how in each of them from the point of view of the by a young Chinese artist, who the old and new forces and ideas young Indians, their ambitions, has also drawn the very attrac- are in conflict." their problems, their possibili- tive cover design of the dragon The distinguished aut h 0 r s ties, but involved as they neces- race. whose chapters Dr. Hung has sarily are with the difficulties -GERTRUDE SCHULTZ thus brought together have been and disadvantages of their racial As It Looks to Young China. Edited extraordinarily successful in heritage and tradition on the by William Hung. Pub. by Mis- presenting their respective sub- one side, and on the other side sionary Education Movement. Cloth, – jects vividly and con c ret ely their relations with a dominant $1.00; paper, 60 cents. through the stories of individ- race, our own. It succeeds in Here is a book that will help uals and through illustrations giving a telling picture of the young American Christians to drawn from personal experi-

ence. The result is a book that Three Arrows: The Young Buffalo primary children the attractive is unusually effective not only Hunter. By E. Ryerson Young. Pub. little volume, "Chinese Children for study but also for general by Missionary Education Movement of Woodcutters' Lane" by Prisreading. The closing appeal to and Council of Women for Home cilla Holton, which contains the American Christian youth to en- Missions. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 adventures of a little Chinese ter into deeper fellowship with cents. girl and her small brother. And their Chinese Christian brethren the course for Juniors will not and to work with them in the For years we have been clam- be complete without rea din g great future tasks of the King- oring for a good home mission "Ling Yang." dom of God in China forms one book of the adventure type to apof the most stirring messages peal to boys. "Three Arrows: A "Picture Map" of China that has come out of China in The Young Buffalo Hunter," ex- filled with interesting symbols recent years. actly fills the bill. I tried it on and pictures together with the one boy who became so interest- "Teaching Pictures on China," For leaders of young people's ed that extreme pressure was "Chinese Snap Shots" (picture groups a course on China, based necessary to persuade him to sheet) and "Paper Dolls" will primarily upon the material pre- quit reading and go to bed and prove valuable source material sented in the above book, has when his father arose the next for all teachers. been prepared by Miss Ruth Isa- morning he found the son awake bel Seabury. It is entitled, "In- ahead of him and rea din g, Many Moons Ago and Now. By Kathtroducing Young China." Price, "Three Arrows" in bed. It is a arine Gladfelter. Children of the 50 cents. tale of Indian missions in the Great Spirit. By Florence C. Means early days with enough thrills to and Frances Somers Riggs. Pub. -FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL satisfy the most avid reader of by Missionary Education Movement wild adventures. and Council of Women for Home FOR BOYS AND GIRLS Missions. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 Manuals. cents.

The Young Revolutionist. By Pearl For the leaders of intermedi- Indians never fail to be an in- S. Buck. Pub. by Missionary Edu- ate groups there will be two ex- teresting topic of study and in- cation Movement. Cloth, $1.50; pa- cellent manuals, "Youth and vestigation to children. Two per, 75 cents. Revolution in China" by Alfred helpful course books have been D. Heininger, formerly a mis- prepared for leaders of children, Intermediates are particularly sionary in China, and "Friend- "Many Moons Ago and Now" fortunate this year because two ship Fires" by Winifred Hul- for Juniors, deals with three of the most interesting mission- bert, author of "Indian Ameri- main divisions of Indian life in ary books ever to be published cans." These are to be used in are provided for their use. As connection with the two reading the United States-e a s t ern far as I can remember we have books mentioned above. woodlands, pIa ins, and the never before had any kind of Southwest. This book contains missionary book written by the -GILBERT Q. LESOURD suggested procedures together most popular author of the day. with source materials, sugges- This year we have it in "The New Joy. By Carolyn Sewall and Young Revolutionist" by Mrs. Charlotte Chambers Jones. Off to tions for worship, manual work, Pearl S. Buck, whose novel, China. By Helen Furman Sweet service enterprises and other ac- "The Good Earth," has been a and Mabel Garrett Wagner. Pub. tivities. The material is so arbest seller for over an entire by Missionary Education Movement. ranged that the leader may use year. No other novel has had Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. it in its entirety or any portion such a record for many years. With China claiming so much of it which she may desire. "The Young Revolutionist" is attention in the headlines of our "Children of the Great Spirit" a great book, just as well writ- newspapers these days, leaders ten as the author's larger vol- will especially weI com e the for Primaries deals with seven umes and equally compelling in timely appearance of stu d y different Indian tribes – Iroits interest. It is a tale of mod- books and story books on this quois, Sioux, Seminole, Hopi, ern Chinese youth torn by the great country. "New Joy" and Navajo, Mono, Tlingit. The instrife between the old and the "Off to China" are the study new, aflame with patriotism, books for Junior and Primary troduction and each of the seven blindly devoted to ideals only g r 0 ups, respectively. These chapters are full of valuable half understood, groping hun- books give suggested procedures suggestions, source materials grily for a religious faith and and source materials and are eagerly helping to build a new rich in suggestions for worship, and activities. As an aid in China. Adults will like it as manual work, service enter- teaching the course, leaders will well as intermediates and all prises and other activities. The wish to secure the "Teaching who read it will gain a new un- stories in each book were writ- Pictures on the American Inderstanding of Chinese youth ten in China and are colorful dian," "North American Inand an appreciation of the value and interesting. To accompany dians" (picture sheet), "Indians of Christian missions. the course book the leader will of the Sou t h w est" (picture wish to put in the hands of her sheet), "Picture Map of North America" with special "Ameri- can Indian Insert Sheet."

-HAZEL V. ORTON

* .Ca

Our W orld;vvide Outlook A Missionary N.ewspaper of Current Events -.." WI'

JAPAN-CHOSEN The villagers desired to buy it in cooperated with religious teach- but could not raise the money., ers in making the curricula of T,he Antidote to Materialism They consulted together and value.

The Japanese minister of edu- finally decided to sell the girls of The Kingdom of God program cation has addressed a commun- the village, 57 of their own ication to the Christian mission- daughters, into the vice system is also establishing Gospel night aries in w hie h he declares: schools in Tokyo and other "Hitherto the policy of our min- in order to secure the desired cities. One visited recently had istry has been too materialistic, enrolled 168 men and women of and this had led to the regretta- land. This is almost unthink- twenty different professions for ble result of a decline in public able in 20th Century Japan, and and private morality, a revival the pity of it is that there has three nights a week for three of communism, and even in the months. The course of study inlast few years of a pronounced been no public outcry about the cluded the following subjects: matter. This shows that public The life of Christ, Old and New opinion is still asleep on this Testament studies, theology, the matter.

anarchistic spirit.. We must In October thirteen girls in relation of science and religion, from now onward spiritualize the Matsushima licensed quarter sociology and social service, muour educational system. For in Osaka went on hunger strike, tual aid and cooperation, com- this purpose the cooperation of demanding more humane treat- parative religions, church pol- religious educational institu·· ment. They appealed to the icy, Sunday school methods, tions seems to us absolutely nec- Osaka Branch of the Proletariat methods of evangelism, music essary, and we consequently Woman's Association and filed and the fine arts of religion, etc. make an urgent appeal for your their requests for freedom from help." this degrading life. Against the Child Recognizes the God-Like Mild Inoculation spirit of the times the Osaka police refused and sent them "In Osaka, at the Tennoji '·Some in America," says Miss back to their owners. Edith Curtis of Osaka, "believe Kindergarten, a lit tie g i r I honestly that offering Christian- One keeper in Osaka died in whose mother had a violent temity to other peoples is an in- November and, by his will, freed per said to her on returning fringement of their racial and from kindergarten, 'Mother, you the seven inmates of his house national rights. I wonder," she cancelling the Y7000 which they are not God. Father is not God. adds, "if they realize what other still owed him. But my teacher is just the same religions have done, or have not as God. At home, when I am done, for people and how by de- All-Japan Christian Conference naughty, you scold me, and even strike me, but teacher only grees non-Christians are seeing the peace and joy that comes in- An all-Japan Christian con- smiles and puts her arm around ference is to be held in the au- me, and that makes me want to to the lives of those who know tumn of 1932 to re-appraise the be good.' Another child in the Jesus Christ." "Is America in- situation which the Christian oculated so thoroughly," as E. churches are facing in the Em- same kindergarten was in the pire, and also to formulate a Stanley Jones says, "with a mild follow-up program when the habit of wearing a c h arm form of Christianity that the present three year campaign of around her neck, as many Japreal thing won't take 7" Some the Kingdom of God Movement anese children do, to protect her comes to a close in December, of the missionaries fear the in- 1932. from sickness or evil spirits. The teacher had been telling the oculation has proceeded danger- story of Moses and the golden ously far. calf, explaining the difference Wholesale Prostitution Reasons for Encouragement between bowing down to images While some girls are being and praying to an unseen God who can really hear our prayers freed from slavery in Japanese More than 50 ,peasant Gospel and answer them. That night brothels others are being fed schools have been successfully when she was undressing she into the system. A distressing conducted during the past year. took off the charm, saying, 'I story comes from Yamagata and a half throughout Japan. don't need to wear this any Prefecture. A block of public Agricultural, social and religi- more. God is going to take care land had been opened for culti~ ous instruction is given in these of me.' "

vation and put on the market. rural schools, and officials have -Genevieve Davis Olds.

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A Christian Dentist School Association, writes the made rapid progress during this Five or six years ago a young Daily Vacation Bible School at period. Three churches – the dentist's ass i s tan t in Kobe, Changsyeng began late, expect- United Brethren, the Congrega- Japan, was baptized in the Kobe ing to continue only one week. tionalist and the Presbyterian- Union Church, established pri- The children were so greatly have gone together to form the marily for the foreign commu- interested that they begged for United Evangelical Church of nity. He was suffering from tu- another week, and the principal the Philippine Islands. The of the day school was asked if it moderator of this new church is b e r cuI 0 sis, but his illness would be possible to defer the a Filipino. The Methodist Episbrought him to God, and then opening of the public school. copal Church has recently ap- God gave him back health. He This the non-Christian principal proved a program outlined by identified himself with a church the resident bishop for a tenand threw himself into its work. of a non-Christian school nat- year development with funds Having become a qualified den- urally declined, but so many of tist, he borrowed money for the pupils enrolled in the Sum- and personnel from abroad, folequipment, opened an office and mer Bible School and "cried so lowed by another ten-year period achieved success. He is now the much" that the teachers decided in which both missionaries and chief financial supporter of his to extend the vacation for one grants-in-aid will be entirely week and the Daily Vacation church, a teacher in the Sunday Bible School resumed its session withdrawn. The Disciples of school, frequently fills the pul- for the second week. Christ, facing serious deficits in pit, and makes a deep spiritual their missionary budget in the impression on all who meet him. -The Presbyterian. United States, have decided to He asked the municipal au- Work Among Chinese in Chosen withdraw almost entirely durthorities for a permit to preach ing the present year. Their mis- With the help and under the on Sunday afternoons in the auspices of the six missions con- sionaries bel i eve that their park, and for years has preached stituting the Federal Council of churches have progressed suffifrom one to four o'clock Sunday ciently to enable them to become afternoons, whenever the weath- Protestant Missions in Korea, entirely indigenous. er and his own health permitted. He has made himself a thorough an executive committee of that -E. K. Higdon. organization has the definite ob- Bible scholar, and incidentally jective of giving the Gospel to Methodists in the Philippines every Chinese in Chosen. The has learned to read his New last census showed 91,466 Chi- A Ten Year Plan for the Phil- Testament in Greek and his Old ippine Islands is proposed by the Testament in Hebrew. His home nese in Chosen, but more recent Methodist Church, comprising a is a gathering place for the evacuations have probably cut program of spiritual progress. young men of the church and The plan provides for the erecneighborhood. the number in half. They in- tion of churches and student clude business men, members of centers in strategic locations; -The Christian Observer. the consular service, mechanics and farmers, scattered so widely for keeping a staff of nine mis- sionary families regularly on The Gospel and Unemployment that much expense is involved for itinerating. Christian Ko- During the past year unem- reans assist in every way pos- the field; also for cooperation ployment has brought distress sible, and prove their interest by with the Presbyterian, Disciples, to some 250,000 in Tokyo. The attending the meetings. Itin- United Brethren, and Congre- Baptist Tabernacle has endeav- gational Missions in securing an ored to demonstrate intelligibly erancies have covered nearly all adequate endowment for the what the Gospel stands for in the towns and villages on and Union Theological Seminary, daily life. With funds supplied near the railway and some of Manila. It is believed that an by both Japanese and foreign- the bus lines, with the result that 1,141 Chinese and 112 Ko- investment of 400,000 pesos ers, tents were erected on the reans have expressed themselves from American friends of the ground of the Fukagawa Chris- as desirous of becoming believ- Philippines would call out gifts tian Center; floors were con- ers, or of knowing more of the from the Filipinos of 1,000,000 structed and stoves provided; Christian religion. pesos during the next ten years.

and from December first until Bishop Lee believes that an May first 6,504 frev lodgings ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC indigenous, self-supporting and and 13,008 free meals were sup- self-directing Church may be Self-Determination in the plied to the unemployed. One well begun within this period of Philippines thousand t w.o hundred and ten years.

twenty-five different men were. Within the last ten years, two For Lepers at Culion helped. Twice a week special of the outstanding denomina- Gospel meetings were held. tions in the Philippines have The work for lepers in the gone on record officially as fav- Crying for Bible School oring Filipino aspirations for Philippine Archipelago is being political self-determination. The carried on by four agencies: Dr. J. G. Holdcroft, General Filipinization of the church has Secretarr of the Korea Sunday 1. The g 0 vel' n men t as- sumes responsibility for all lep-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ers and is endeavoring to seg- sion to prevent or lessen evils God and the Depression gregate them in the leper colony that come from the manufac- A call to prayer sent forth to at Culion. The population there ture, sale and use of intoxicants. Christian p e 0 pIe throughout is approximately 6,000. It is not a question of state Canada and the United States by 2. The Leonard Wood Memo- rights or personal rights and a group of business and profesrial is organized to study leprosy preference any more than is the scientifically, and has at its dis- sional men of Alberta, Canada, posal the sum of $2,000,000, traffic in narcotics and firearms. declares that there is no natural given in the United States. Its It is a question of the protection explanation for the pre sen t purpose is the eradication of leprosy. It is concerned merely of the weak, and the greatest "astounding" world-wide buswith the scientific study of lep- good for the greatest number. iness depression. They assume rosy and its prevention or cure. their share of responsibility and No part of its funds is available To learn facts about prohibition for lepers. and the liquor traffic it will be guilt for the depression in not worthwhile to procure a recent recognizing the existence or 3. The American Mission to copy of the "Quiz Book" from claims of God or His power to help. the Anti-Saloon League, Wester- ville, Ohio. This document has five divi- Lepers supports a missionary in Better Than a Brewery sions : a list of the facts, i.e.

Culion and helps the lepers in unemployment, overproduction, other ways. The owner of a large, now un- universal impotence in finding used, prewery became interested 4. The Philippine Anti-Lep- in the Goodwill Industries that the solution. Then follows the rosy Society was organized a help to furnish employment to few years ago to help the leper needy people of Terre Haute, In- assertion that divine displeasure patients. A careful and thor- diana, and donated the bricks is alone responsible for the situough survey was made two years from his brewery to build a new ation : next, confession that ago and revealed an appalling twenty-five thousand dollar comcondition with regard to former munity house and a three-story business men have conducted aflepers who left the colony and Goodwill industrial plant. The fairs as if profits were their sole tried to rehabilitate themselves. city of Terre Haute paid its un- objective, and have not loved Often they found, after years of employed artisans and laborers their neighbors as themselves; residence in the colony, that all to raze the old structure and that God's existence is not recogtheir family had died or were erect the new community house, nized. A day of prayer and scattered. They were feared, which was dedicated on January fasting is suggested, and finally and unable to obtain work. The the promise to do whatever is necessary to show their repent- ance and their obedience to God.

Anti-Leprosy 'S 0 c i e t y helps 28 by Bishop Edgar Blake of the Canvass Brings Results these discharged patients to find Methodist Episcopal Church. An new footholds. enlarged Goodwill Industries St. Louis church members had plant was also dedicated in Pitts- a revelation in the survey and NORTH AMERICA burgh by Bishop Herbert Welch. visitation evangelistic appeal of 85 white and 26 color e d The Goodwill methods provide churches, directed by Dr. A. Youth and Prohibition work for the handicapped and Earl Kernahan of Washington, While certain forces are agi- unemployed instead of pauper- D. C. Approximately 5,000 tating a repeal of the Prohibi- izing them. Social leaders are awoke to their responsibility, tion Amendment and a poll is urging the development of such and undertook a house-to-house being made to discover public work instead of giving a dole to visitation, with personal appeal sentiment, hundreds of young the unemployed. During the to non-church folk. The survey men and women attended the past four years the Goodwill In- covered 576,125 white persons 25th Biennial Convention of the dustries in sixty cities of the and 41,689 colored. Tabulation Anti-Saloon League held at United States have paid out $5,- of the findings for w hit e Washington, D. C., from the 544,241 in opportunity wages to churches showed 111,791 per- 15th to the 19th of January. In handicapped and unfortunate sons of all ages not attending place of the old slogan, "The people, and $1,902,420 in service Sunday schools, and 72,651 Saloon must go," the new tem- wages-a total of $7,446,661. white persons who have been perance battle cry is, "The Boot- Discarded materials collected members of or prefer Protestant legger must go." The old con- from many sources provided $9,- churches. At the end of the first flict was to take the saloon out 357,294 of the $11,697,060 re- week of personal evangelistic of politics and out of the com- quired to carryon the total appeal, 5,521 persons had given munity; the new fight is to take work. These industries have also their names for church memberbootlegging out of commerce greatly stimulated the morale ship. and the hip flask out of social among the unemployed through· life. Temperance and total ab- daily chapel services, churches of Italian Pastors Answer Pope stinence are personal moral Goodwill, rescue missions, and The Italian ministers of evanquestions; prohibition is a gov- personal work in Goodwill work- gelical faith in New York and vicinity, on January 4, adopted ernmental and patriotic provi- rooms, stores, and homes.

a paper commenting upon the coal regions. The mild winter, conducted in the poorer sections Papal Encyclical, Lux Veritatis, the competition of oil, electricity of the city and these have aided appealing for the return of the and water power have dealt a greatly in the fight against ma- separated Christian bodies to blow to the coal industry. laria. The majority of the staff the Church of Rome. They crit- The great problem lying back is Dominican. icize the Pope's manner of ap- of the immediate emergency is At Cap Haitien proaching the subject of church that of finding some new field of union, and call upon him to labor for these people, who are Rev. A. Groves Wood, Baptist "convene a true Ecumenical largely of American stock. missionary in Haiti, reports a band of about 30 thoroughly con- Council, to which all Christian Indian Mission Fire bodies will be represented and verted believers preparing for freedom of discussion permitted The United Lutheran Mission house at Rocky Boy Indian Mis- baptism in Cap Haitien. Servto all, so as to promote the de- sion, Montana, was completely ices are so well attended that sired reunion of all Christian destroyed on Sunday morning, many have only standing room. March 6th, during the Sunday churches on the fundamental po- school hour. Fortunately no New converts must face persesition of the Bible." cution; three have been turned -Christian Advocate. out of their homes because of Jerry McAuley Cremorne lives were .lost. The building their faith, but in each case a Mission housed industrial work and Christian home has opened to re- products, young people's activi- ceive them. Cap Haitien is re- For fifty continuous years the ties, Missionary Society and part puted to be the hardest town to of the Sunday school. It must win in Haiti. Jerry McAuley Cremorne Mis- be replaced at the earliest date sion, founded by the Apostle to so as not to jeopardize the work Bi-centennial in Virgin Islands the Lost whose name it bears, Special services were held on has been ministering twenty- w h i chis done successfully four hours a day to the spiritual the island of St. Thomas in the and bodily needs of the needy in among 600 Cree and Cherokee week beginning April 1st, in Indians.

the Tenderloin of New York. Move Toward Union commemoration of the 200th Today the electric sign over its anniversary of Moravian mis- door, "Jesus Saves," is working A plan for the union of the sionary work. It was in that through the love of God to trans- Presbyterian Church in the U.S. island that the first missionaries form human derelicts into self- A. and the United Presbyterian of the "United Brethren" as supporting, useful members of Church of North America has they were called, began their society, reuniting families and been completed and will be pre- work. Each congregation of saving souls to bear personal sented at the two general assem- Moravians throughout the world testimony to God's goodness. blies. The plan specifies that in has written a letter to the con- Through its superintendent and the event of union the name of greg.ation in the island of St. his assistants, and through the the church shall be the Presby- Thomas. Moravians have always prayers and financial support of terian Church of America. It planned their work on an interfriends, discouraged and some- looks forward to 1934 as the national scale, and their work is times desperate men have found year for the consummation. an inspiration to other societies. food, shelter, Christian friend- There will be further opporship, and, greater stilI, the saving friendship of Jesus Christ. LATIN AMERICA tunity later in the year for Mo- ravians in other countries to The Mission's fiftieth anni- Health Work in Santo Domingo celebrate wit h thanksgiving versary was celebrated March 6- 17 with appropriate services The new building of the Hos- these 200 years, but it is fitting each night. pital Internacional was opened that the first notes of thanksgiv- in Santo Domingo on February ing should be heard from the Save the Children 16th. The president, Mrs. M. island of St. Thomas. An organization known as the Katharine Bennett, officially rep- resented the Board for Christian Newspaper Evangelism in Brazil International Save the Children Work in Santo Domingo, under In the effort to spread the Fund has been organized, with whose auspices the hospital is Gospel over a large area in headquarters at 156 Fifth Ave., operated. The ceremony was at- Brazil and to enter doors closed New York. Its object is the tended by high officials of the na- to evangelical workers, it is care of children in the stricken tional and city government, and planned to pub lis h a little mining districts of America and . was an outstanding event in the monthly paper called Light and to help secure funds for work life of the city. This institution Life. It will be advertised in among children in other lands. is recognized as the leader in its the Bahia dailies that this paper At present the Fund is endeav- field and maintains the only will be sent free to anyone for a oring to provide clothing and training school for nurses in the period of six months. Some of medical aid for at least 20,000 republic and the only baby the fields are so large that the destitute children in Kentucky clinic. Regular clinics have been missionaries can only visit some

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

points once a year. Light and Mennonite Central Committee school in Valparaiso. Some of Life will be sent to these isolat- will superintend the coloniza- the teachers have been educated ed places in an endeavor to con- tion. in mission schools and never serve the gains and awaken in- have received the State certifiterest in the Gospel during the For most of the refugees, the cates. However, two have gone absence of the missionary. arrival at Paraguay will mark to Normal School to continue the end of a long trek from the their studies, and missionaries A mother and daughter are Volga River, into Manchuria, in are receiving encouraging renow attending the Bahia Church constant fear of recapture by ports. The two young women as a result of newspaper evan- Soviet patrols. Various relief and a third, who was once a stugelism. There are many in Bra- agencies have been providing dent at the Central Escuela Popzil hungering for the Bread of food and shelter until arrange- ular, have been called shining Life. Newspaper evangelism ments for permanent settlement sparks. By their honesty and seeks out those searching for the elsewhere could be made. The unselfishness they have succeedtruth and brings them into con- Lutheran contingent will prob- ed in interesting others in Christact with Christ. ably be sent to Brazil, though tianity. The girls con d u c t some hope of permission to enter prayer meetings in their room, Single-Handed Evangelization Australia is still held by the and many students assemble to American Lutheran authorities. listen. Dr. Tucker of the American Smaller groups belonging to Bible Society's Agency in Brazil other denominations will throw Bible Burning in Bolivia tells of a Gospel work carried in their lot with either the Menon for 30 years· by a man from nonites or the Lutherans. Mr. Charles H. Larson, mis- Toronto, Mr. Perrin Smith. -The Christian Intelligencer. sionary of the Bolivian Indian Without help from any church Mission, writes: or society and, realizing what New Interest in Peru property he possessed, set out "Last November brought two alone to the heart of the state of The Rev. Harry Strachan, missionary priests to Capinota Maranhao. Soon he was engaged passing over Peru with the help to hold a mission and to prepare in an intensive evangelization of of an aeroplane, has brought the way for the bishop, who a great area calling for long and such a message from God that came a week later. arduous journeys on horseback Christian sowers and reapers over difficult and little known have been able to rejoice to- "The priests told the people trails. Everywhere the message gether. Dr. Montano, of Lima, t hat Protestant missionaries was given-in farmsteads, vil- tells how the meetings conducted were the most immoral and imlages and towns, and nearly al- by Mr. Strachan produced the becile of folks, and that all who ways in the open air, as still is effect upon the city that they had were deceived by us would turn his custom. His labors have hoped and prayed for but which out the same. A great effort was been so abundant and so blessed had been hindered by the out- made to collect the 'bad Protthat now he can make journeys break of revolution. estant literature' to burn (Bibles of many weeks' duration, yet and New Testaments considered every night rest in the house of Dr. Montano writes: "The the worst of all). They got about some believer. At present, he is church was filled, the people fifty New Testaments from folks supporting several native work- listening with rapt attention as who went to confession. ers by selling milk and honey in is seldom seen, and apparently the city of Barra where he is so hungry for the Word. The last "When the bishop came they respected as to have been offered meeting of the series was mar- made a bonfire of all this literathe post of mayor, which offer vellous. Of the three hundred ture. The bishop also told the he declined. and fifty people present, almost people afterwards that they -The Sunday School Times. all remained, and many indicat- ought to bring in their firewood ed their desire to know Christ and burn the Protestant mis- Refugees Bound for Paraguay and follow Him. At the close sionaries as well." we gave out two hundred and The first contingent of the 1,- ten Testaments of the Million -The Moody Monthly. 700 or 1,800 Christian refugees Testament Cam p a i g n. The from Russia left their tempo- outcome of these services has EUROPE rary haven at Harbin, Manchu- been a most valuable impulse to ria, early in February. Three our work." Evangelicals in Spain hundred Mennonites sailed from Shanghai for Marseilles in Feb- -South America. Evangelical Spaniards welruary and these two groups will comed with rejoicing the estabbe transported to Argentina, Teachers in Chile lishment of the Republic. It thence to Paraguay, where the represented the purification of refugees will settle. The Nan- The new law which permits national life. It means a spiritsen Refugee Commission is ar- only te.achers with State certifi- ual liberation of Evangelicals, ranging transportation and the cates to teach in Chile has affect- giving the full right to worship ed the Central Escuela Popular, according to our conscience. . . . a Presbyterian Mission .girls' Weare pleased that the first president of the Republic is a

man of religious faith and has liens is pastor, has opened a The Gossner Mission Society, invoked divine guidance, repair- new outstation at Boulogne-sur- organized in 1836, works excluing privately to the church to Seine, and a book shop is in full sively in India. It has 7 misrender his vows. swing. Cheering reports come sionaries, 885 native helpers, from West Africa, Normandy, 119,922 converts, 5,106 proba- The new Spanish constitution Brittany, Fontenay and the tioners, 5,419 male and 1,730 feis superior to many that are in Paris "Black Zone," where this male students. force among nations considered church supports w 0 r k e r s. among the most advanced. With- Through the Gospel Sky-Sign The Leipzig Mission Society, out falling into extremes it has Mission, i I I u min ate d texts, organized in 1836, has its fields solved problems which, like that flashed from the roof of the Tab- in India, East Africa (Tanganof the separation of Church and ernacle, are read daily by hun- yika). It reports 55 mission- State, have taken thirty years to dreds of people. Large numbers aries, 640 native helpers, 31,764 solve in other countries and of unconverted people attend the converts, 3,155 probationers, which are yet to be solved, as in service, and last year thirty- 11,163 male and 6,798 female the Argentine Republic. An two converts, mostly ex-Roman- students. Italian paper says, "Spain teach- ists, were baptized. es." The new constitution has The Hermannsburg Missionsolved the religious problem, giv- German Evangelical Missions ary Society was organized in ing just and fair solutions, ap- 1849. It works in Natal, Transproving the freedom of worship, A survey of the eight oldest vaal and Abyssinia. It has 108 the secularization of.the ceme- G e r man missionary societies missionaries, 254 native helpers, teries, the respect for the con- gives the following summary: 105,495 converts, 1,001 probascience of soldiers and marines, tioners, 5,080 male and 7,309 feand civil marriage. All these are Moravian Mission, which is male students. questions which the Spanish celebrating its 200th anniver- Evangelical Alliance and all sary this year, 62 missionaries, Hungarian Christian Students Spanish Protestants had written 540 native h e I per s, 38,576 on their banner. heathen converts, 1,824 proba- The winter conference of the tioners, 8,388 male and 7,699 fe- Hungarian Student Christian -Espana Evangelica. male pupils. It works in East Movement this year coincided and West Africa and Nyasaland. with the 25th anniversary of the Turning from Marx to God founding of the movement. The The Basel Mission Society, or- significance of this movement in An American correspondent ganized in 1918, has 192 mis- developing permanent Christian of The Presbyterian Banner in sionaries and 1,894 native help- leadership is proved by the thou- Falkenstein, Saxony, writes: ers in China, Borneo, India, the sands of its former members "Prayers go up from the back Gold Coast and Cameroun. It now in positions of authority room of the textile factory. The reports a total of 65,596 heath- and influence throughout Czechworkers are praying for help. en converts, 7,259 probationers, oslovakia. Prayers go up from the prayer 27,706 male and 7,127 female halls on a dozen corners of pupils. Learning from Russia Falkenstein. The jobless of 'Red' Falkenstein are on their The Berlin Mission Society, Nobody has ever called me a knees. 'Red' Falkenstein has organized in 1824, is at work in Bolshevik, or accused me of too turned from Marx to God. In China, South Africa and East great sympathy with the Rusthe midst of the 'hardest winter Africa. It reports 166 mission- sian Soviets; yet I confess to in 100 years,' this community of aries, 1,797 native helpers, 89,- real admiration for the Moscow 15,000 souls has a higher per- 927 converts, 3,087 probationers, Government on some counts. In centage of unemployment and of 24,827 male and 17,945 female certain particulars it has shown misery than any other in Ger- more sense, more strategy and many. It seems likely that in all students. more statesmanship, than any its troubled post-war history other government or organiza- Germany can present no more The Rhenish Mission Society, tion on earth. The Russians are impressive proof of popular be- organized in 1828, is working miles ahead of the Church with wilderment than the 'flight to principally in Cape Colony, respect to one of the Church's religion' in one-time revolution- South and West Africa, Suma- own particular problems. ary Falkenstein." Is anyone tra, Nias, Mentawei, China. It moved to brand this as supersti- reports 270 missionaries, 1,404 Upon the subject of youth tion? We would rather cast in native helpers, 435,236 converts, training they have seen straight our lot with these Germans and 20,782 probationers, 35,396 male and acted sanely. To them it their faith than with the philoso- and 14,603 female students. has been clear from the first, phy of materialistic atheism. and of uppermost importance, The Bremen Mission Society, that they must prepare a new Pastor Sailliens in Paris organized in 1836, is at work in generation of Russians if they English and French Togo and are to make their experiment a The Paris Tabernacle Church, the Gold Coast. It has 14 mis- success. So from the cradle to of which Pastor Reuben SaiI- sionaries, 269 native helpers, maturity, they have drilled the 30,518 converts, and 7,505 stu- dents.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

young people intensively in the the formation of a Medical Mis- brought white ministers, while principles and practice of Bol- sionary Association, representa- by truck, by bicycle, or wearily shevism-thus creating a rather tive of all the churches, the ob- trudging along on foot came the ominous situation for religion jects of which would be: native representatives. One eland for world order. der, a delegate to Presbytery, 1. To coordinate the work of who is also an important govern- -William T. Ellis, LL. D. medical missions with a view to ment headman, came in his per- ensuring their distribution in sonally-owned Ford truck driven AFRICA the most needy areas. The first by a native chauffeur; bicycles step towards this would be a were common among the native "The Tireless Missionary" medical survey of the country to brethren. Not many years ago ascertain the population, preva- the white II!-en all rode bicycles, On the edge of the worst slum lence of disease, and existing fa- and the natIves were all on foot. in Cairo, a quarter with the rep- cilities for medical treatment in utation of having the largest various areas. There were present at this criminal population and the meeting of Presbytery at Mchighest infant mortality in the 2. To educate public opinion Lean Station in Cameroun, West city, the missionaries of the as to the need for medical mis- Africa, 39 ordained ministers of Church Missionary Society have sion work, and especially to im- whom 17 were missionaries. a bulletin board at the mission press upon the government and Probably 45 of the 50 churches entrance. On this board they the Provincial authorities the were represented by elders; post a large Bible picture, value of the work being done, while 30 licentiates and local changed each week, and call it and to obtain increased facilities evangelists were also present. "the missionary who never gets for such work. tired." There is a printed ex- These men gathered on the planation of the picture in Ara- -South African Outlook. benches in the Lolodorf church. bic. The picture has never been From whence have they come? torn or stolen, and all day long Adopting Babies From Batanga on the coast to little groups gather and gaze at 400 miles inland almost to the it while one of their number The McBurney Orphanage at eastern border of Cameroun reads the explanation. Elat recently reported 69 or- and 200 miles from Bafia on th~ phan babies under their care. north to the border of Spanish A book is usually mentioned, There are also 60 childless fam- Guinea on the south, and then which people are invited to come ilies waiting for babies to adopt. on along the Spanish Guinea into the mission and buy. The They cannot just say "give me coastline for another 150 miles. missionaries observe a cycle of a baby"; they must present a prayer, including a day when written application telling of A fine group of men are the the work of providing literature their wish and Christian expe- native ministers and licentiates. is especially remembered. The rience. Unless they are church They show evidence of their edufirst day when the work was so members they cannot have a cation and training in the alert remembered was the first day child. Their church session or look and frank countenance. A that anyone came in to buy one of the missionaries must well-dressed Bulu minister from books. Two Moslems were the also recommend the couple. The Bafia is stationed among a tribe first customers. foster mother must also spend famous for their scantiness of two months at the orphanage apparel. The native minister, Really good religious pictures, caring for the child she wishes, long in charge of the Efulan especially in the large sizes, are under the supervision of matron church, in his earlier experience of great use in dealing with pa- and nurses. She is also visited dwelt among cannibals. The tients in hospitals who cannot as frequently as possible after white-mustachioed elder of the read, and also for Bible women the child leaves to see that all Corisco church traveled 150 who take them about for teach- is going well. As far as possi- miles in an open surf-boat on the ing in people's homes. ble the babies are returned to ocean, and then 70 miles by mo- their own tribe and have been tor .to attend this meeting. Medical Mission Cooperation sent to the homes of masons, car- penters, chauffeurs, teachers Christians "Turn Malay" A great deal of discussion is and evangelists-the latter pretaking place as to the best means dominating. Never are the ba- The Pilot, official organ of of providing medical services bies forgotten in prayer when Cape Town Diocese, states that for natives in rural areas. In the nurses meet for morning many Christian men and women the South African Medical Jour- worship. are lapsing into Mohammedannal Dr. A. W. Burton strongly ism. Not infrequently men "turn advocates "coordinating all serv- A Picturesque Presbytery Malay" to marry Moslem girls. ices in the interests of the na- In one parish a confirmation tives at the mission centers al- On that warm, mid-December class of forty girls was asked to ready established" and adds that day strangers were passing over hold hands up if they knew any "at such centers medical serv- every road leading to the mis- Christian girls who had gone ices could with much advantage sion station. Fords, Chevrolets, over to Islam; practically every be added." In view of this in- Chryslers and mot 0 r c y c I e s terest, the time is opportune for

hand went up. The reason why of Jerusalem and has been sent to Persia in 1926 as a short-time the Moslem is stronger for Islam to the pro-Arabian Committee volunteer teacher in Stuart Methan the Christian is for Christ, for consideration. It is recom- morial College. He acquired a the article suggests, is a want of mended that this conference be working knowledge of Persian teaching among the colored peo- under the chairmanship of a and spent his spare time in ple, where the lapses take place. neutral person, upon whom both evangelizing the Persian vil- Church people are not suffi- sides and also the English Gov- lages. During the bitter winter ciently grounded in their re- ernment could agree; that Pales- in Isfahan, day after day he ran ligion, and too much is taken for tine be divided into separate ad- a soup kitchen in the poorest granted. There is great need for ministrative districts; that Jew- part of the city. His evangelisthe constant instruction of sim- ish interests be concentrated in tic tours carried him into remote ple church people living in Mos- one of these districts, to be called mountain districts where he was lem districts, on the imperative "National Home for :fews"; that in peril of robbers. Once he was duty of standing fast in the the Jewish district be part of the arrested and kept a prisoner for faith, and on the falsity of the Palestinian State and be subject a week, which time he devoted religion of Islam, so that they to the Palestinian Constitution; to evangelizing the soldiers may know how to give a reason that the constitution assure full guarding him. It was an experifor the faith that is in them. autonomy for the Jewish popula- ence in all kinds of hardships- tion, but only with regard to intense cold, intense heat, ver- -South African Outlook. inner Jewish affairs; that it also min, short rations, and much guarantee to the Jews a due par- else. WESTERN ASIA ticipation in the general govern- ment of the land. It is also pro- His devotion cost his life, and Near East Christian Council posed that inhabitants of the he has passed on after an attack Jewish District be given a time of typhus. In his clear mo- The chief factor in the deci- to emigrate to other districts if ments he was much concerned sion to organize the Near East they wish. Both sides are to about the police of Isfahan. He Christian Council was the Mos- have the privilege of appeal to used sometimes to ride down the lem problem. In order to more the League of Nations against main avenue of the town on his effectively and rapidly evangel- any decision of the Tribunal. bicycle without a lamp, so that ize the 77,000,000 Moslems of the policeman who would stop the Near East, it was seen that -Alliance Weekly. him might hear about Jesus. closer cooperation was essential "Nurse," he cried in delirium, among the hundred societies, Mohammedanism in Cyprus "do you know the police have with their 2,000 missionaries at only one quilt and no charcoal work in that field. Accordingly, Mohammedanism too kits and it is so cold!" and he threw the C 0 u n c i I was definitely start in Cyprus when the island his own eiderdown quilt off the launched in 1927, and about was conquered by the Osmans in bed. His last prayer was a 50 % of the mission workers are 1571. There are 65,000 Turks thanksgiving to God for the now in its fellowship. who belong to the Sunnite-Hani- friendship of Jesus. fites. The Order of the Mewlewi The influence of the Central has a dervish convent in Niko- Bishop Linton writes: "We Literature Committee for Mos- sia, which is ruled by a hered- praise God for Clifford Harris lems extends far beyond the itary sheik. There are three who gave his life for village Near East; in fact, wherever Turkish dailies. A Mohamme- evangelism in Persia and for the missionaries work among Mo- dean-Christian con g r e gation hammedans, its literature may there is very small and station- poor of Persia." be used. Other Committees are ary in its development. The -Sunday School Times. on Christian Education; on Mis- island is provided with literasions and Governments; on Jew- ture by the students of a religi- INDIA AND BURMA ish work-it is thought by some ous seminary in Athens conductthat christianized Jews make ed by Prof. Levonian. So far Influence of Books the best missionaries to Mos- there have been circulated 2,050 lems; and another on Relations copies of the Scriptures and A reading room in Nasik City to Ancient Oriental Churches. A there was a great demand for is doing a useful work. For sixth Committee is very impor- literature in the new alphabet some months there has not been tant, that on Evangelism. The based on the Latin. An Ar- seating room for those who Rev. Robert P. Wilder, D.D., is menian pastor reports that he come. Time was when trouble General Secretary of this Coun- has visited 622 villages of the making persons used to snatch cil. island and preached unhindered. from readers' hands books on the Christian religion, and give Palestinian Jews and Arabs A Volunteer in Persia them instead other books to read. Once a Brahman student A round-table conference of Clifford Harris, educated in protested: "Mr. Gandhi and Jews and Arabians to consider the "Blue Coat School," London, other leaders have decided to orpoints by which these two peo- and at King's College, went out der their conduct by the teachples could work together, has ing of the Lord Jesus Christ. the approval of the Grand Mufti They have given an uplift to all

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

India. Mr. Gandhi himself has little personal luggage and a pile their children to the schools ato b s e r v e d Christ's teaching: of Gospels. On the first journey tended by children of caste 'Love your enemies; if anyone he met an educated gentleman, Hindus. But with the Baroda smite thee on the one cheek, of- who seemed to be interested. Government standing firm, refer to him the other also,' and "But after all, what is the es- sentment cannot hold out in so doing has given India an sence of the true religion ?" against an increasingly enlightexcellent example. Under his asked the gentleman. "Is it not ened public opinion. own supervision Bible teaching sufficient for one to obey one's is given in Ahmedabad ColJege. conscience?" "T rue religion," Pandita Ramabai Hostel So if there is such good teach- answered the student, "is that Wilson College, Bombay, has ing in the Bible, why should we which brings a man freedom and completed a scheme whereby not read it?" From then on no lifts him out of the mire of sin." twenty Indian women students further trouble occurred. "I confess that I am not a re- are provided with hostel facili- -C. M. S. Outlook. ligious man," con tin u e d the ties in the new building named stranger. "I have to work hard the Pandita Ramabai Hostel. Shock Troops Not Shaken to earn my living and support When the American Ramabai The North India Methodist my family. Some day I hope to Association was dissolved a few Conference ref use s to give have time to study the subject years ago, it transferred its ground. When its appropria- of religion. I believe in getting fund of a lakh of rupees to Wil- tion was cut 9,000 rupees this salvation from my own religion son College for this purpose, and year, its best known member, E. which I have inherited from my gave a further sum of Rs, 20,- Stanley Jones, offered to make fathers." 000; Wilson College authorities up one third of this amount, "But have you studied the supplied the balance, and the each missionary family agreed Bible?" asked the student. "Have Church of Scotland Mission the to give 45 rupees each month for you a copy?" site.

one year and the Conference "Yes, I have a copy," was the American Aid in Dornakal voted a 10% cut on all salaries answer. "It was given me oy the Bible Society when I grad- Since March 1, 1930, the Anabove 45 rupees a month. -Christian Advocate. uated .at Calcutta. But I have glican Church in India has been not read it much." a free and independent branch Gandhi Exhorts India Christians He promised to read the book of the Anglican Communion; no Just before his arrest, Mahat- and the two men parted. longer the Church of England in ma Gandhi issued the following -W. E. H. Organ in The Stu- India, but the Church of India, message to Indian Christians: dent Outlook. Burma, and Ceylon; free to for- I trust that in the struggle on Schools for "Untouchables" mulate its own Constitution, Canons, and order of service. It which the country is about to embark One of India's most difficult has before it the task of giving Indian Christians who tender their problems is that of the "un- a characteristically national inloyalty to the one whom they call the touchables," involving social, terpretation to Christianity. Prince of Peace will not be behind economic and religious ramifica- The Episcopal Church is now to any community in the struggle which tions. The Round Table Con- cooperate, and missionary work is essentially based on peace. I suggest that service in the national strug- gle is an infinitely greater safeguard ference gave prominence to the will be commenced in the Dio- question and many Christian cese of Dornakal, which for for the protection of a minority that missionaries have been working has rendered such service than any for years upon the problem. A many years has had vigorous paper security. mass movements. During the I would like to lay stress .on .khad- dar (homespun cloth) and prohibition. solution seems to have been be- last decade the average increase gun in a recent decision in the in church membership has been … r hope that every Christian home Baroda State, abolishing special schools for "untouchable" chil- over 7,000. In point of memberwill be adorned by the installation of ship the diocese is the largest in the spinning wheel and every Chris- tian .body with khaddar spun and woven by the hands of our poor coun- dren, and opening the govern- India, yet vast tracts are still trymen and countrywomen. ment primary schools to these untouched by any evangelistic children. This has caused some agency. I have never understood how a resentment among Hindu vil- Christian can take intoxicating drink. The particular field that has Did not Jesus say to Satan when he went to seduce Him, "Get thee behind lagers, resulting in oppression; been offered to the Episcopal me, Satan"? Is not intoxicating drink Satan incarnate? How can a Chris- crops of "untouchables" have Church lies in the Hyderabad tian serve both Satan and Christ? State, an Indian Native State. been destroyed, kerosene poured A ·Pilgrim with the Gospel into their wells and one social Eventually, it will be called upon worker was stoned. In some to share in the activities of the A student in the Central Prov- villages caste people withdraw whole diocese. There is also inces decided to spend part of their children from the schools scope for inaugurating and de- ·his long vacation bearing wit- and in others there is a move to veloping the educational, medi- ness for his Lord. He set out on get the "untouchables" to give cal and economic activities of a journey, partly by train and a written statement to the effect the Church.

partly on foot, carrying a very that they are unwilling to send -Spirit of Missions.

Lutheran Advances added the other thirty-seven per J esse Lee Corley on behalf of the cent because the work was al- World's Sunday School Associa- The Board of Foreign Mis- ready planned and workers em- tion. Dr. Corley was in China sions of the United Lutheran ployed, but this situation cannot from October, 1930, to Septem- Church reports that the Andhra be met another year. Our writ- ber, 1931 as chairman of the Evangelical Lutheran Church ing of retrenchment does not deputation of five that made the in India, in its annual conven- mean that we are willing to re- survey. Twenty-seven centers tion last fall,' ordained twenty- trench without making a sac- were visited, four t r a i n i n g three native Indian men to the rifice ourselves, and we are al- schools held and two national Christian ministry. This is the ready giving for support of work gatherings. first class to be ordained since that seems urgently necessary the Andhra Evangelical Luther- no less than $3,000." The National Committee for an Church was reorganized. It Christian Religious Education was also decided by the Board CHINA AND MANCHURIA in China was formed as the that no person appointed to in- Committee on Religious Educadependent charge of work un- Manchuria or Manchoukuo? tion for the National Christian der the General Work Commit- Council. Dr. C. S. Miao and tee in India shall be permitted On February 26, the new Rev. Ronald Rees are the gento stand for any elective govern- State of Manchuria was named eral secretaries of the new commental office during the next "Manchoukuo." – The w 0 r d mittee. twelve months, except by ap- "M a n" meaning Manchuria, proval of the General Work "Chou" meaning a large area, Students Turn to Christ Committee. and "kuo," being the generic name for a nation or state. Out of the group of students Burma Observations Changchun was made the capi- in Foochow College, China, who tal, according to a statement is- decided definitely to become Rev. B. C. Case, Baptist work- sued by the "Administrative Christians during the recent viser in Pyinmana, Burma, after a Committee" at Mukden. The it of Sherwood Eddy, 33 have visit to the rural conference at ruler of the country, the state- been received into church mem- Nagpur, India, says: "I have ment continues, shall be called bership and 25 have expressed a had opportunities to observe Chin Cheng, meaning Dictator, des ire for further training. other mission activities, aside and he was provisionally install- Christian schools in China, says from those related to agricul- ed as such until formally initi- Rev. Ralph R. Shrader, have ture. There seems to be a great- ated "by the will of the people, ceased to be "the" Christian er understanding and acceptance according to the constitution to schools and are becoming "our" of the spirit of Christ by edu- be promulgated in the future." Christian schools. Many of the cated Hindus than appears prev- students who were drawn away alent among the educated Bud- A new five-colored flag has from the Church by Commudhists in Burma. The theistic been adopted as the banner of nism, or who were repelled by background may help to make Manchoukuo. The bottom of what seemed to them "ultrathis easier. I heard remarkable yellow, with red, blue, white and conservatism" are now giving statements of the recognition of black bars above. that institution another trial. Christ's uniqueness and adora- "We have led these young peotion of him by Hindus at meet- The name of the new era is ple out of their old ways of ings to celebrate Christmas. Ta Tung, meaning "Great Un- thinking;. they can never go Part of this may be due to the ion," and the temporary Dicta- b a c k. We must see them generations of Christian teach- tor, selected by the Japanese and through," says Mr. Shrader, ing carried on in mission schools under their protection, is Henry who believes that if the Chriso~ the land. . . This trip has Pu-Yi, the former Manchu "Boy tian Church fails to win the alglven me a greater appreciation Emperor" of China. He is a legiance of these young people, of and admiration for India and young man of about twenty-sev- through misunderstanding or its spiritual attainments." en years of age and is without lack of vision, many of the best any governmental experience. and most idealistic will turn to Missionaries Help Reduce Deficit Communism. A body of 2,000 old Kirin In Burma the national teach- troops, as the forces opposing Conflict in Kiangsi ers have decided to give a the dominion in Manchuria are month's salary or more to help known, are operating on the Communist forces govern and carry their schools through this western section of the Chinese devastate large areas in Kiangsi. year.of cut bUdgets. From Miss Eastern Railway. The Japanese In Yuanchow, men and women Lettie Archer, Baptist mission- have established a strong garri- have been ordered to forsake the ary in West China comes the son at Harbin. worship of God and take up the statement: "We receive from Communist cause, and on refus-' the Woman's Foreign Society Religious Education Plans ing to do so many have been but sixty-three per cent of what murdered. In about eight cenwe must use. This year we have "Religious Education in the ters it has been impossible to Chinese Church," is a report which tells of the work of Dr.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

carryon Christian services, but any education and from non- mittee on work for Moslems, generally they courageously con- Christian homes, thronged the through which all missions tinue to meet secretly. The gen- classrooms and overflowed the working among Chinese Moseral impression is that interest yards. The girl teachers were lems might cooperate. Special in the Gospel is greater than swamped and sent out an S 0 S literature and special training ever. to the boys who were itinerat- for the missionaries are re- A new venture in Nanchang ing. The latter responded and quired, and can best be provided is a Gospel message in the ad- hurried in to help the girls take in cooperation. vertisement columns of a local care of this mob of lively, noisy newspaper. The same message and interested children. Oldest Chinese Baptist Church appears every day for a week, The school lasted for four The oldest Chinese Baptist and is changed each Monday weeks and over 180 attended church in the world is located at m 0 r n i n g. Several inquiries faithfully, rain or shine, during Bangkok. It is said to be the have resulted and one inquirer the hottest of the season. The oldest organized Chinese Prothas been definitely converted. youthful teachers showed a fine estant church in the world and Another wrote that he had lost spirit of enthusiastic service. has been meeting in the same all his relatives in bandit trou- place for a hundred years. bles and was in despair and was A special Bible class, held by thinking of becoming a Bud- the pastor, was attended by the A variety of work is carried entire group of eighteen volun- on, including a kindergarten, dhist monk. The first message tarily. The great principles of numbering twenty-one. A colspoke to him, the second seemed Christianitywere expounded and porteur is doing excellent work to be just what he was needing, questions were asked and an- in Chinese and Siamese. About and he wanted to receive liter- a mile away from the old church ature which would tell him more swered. One result is that the a mission has been opened and a of the Gospel. group unanimously dec 1are d school started. their intention 'to join the Chris- -China's Millions. tian groups in their respective An Encouraging Experiment schools and to make friends A Place to Pray In China one of the most diffi- with the Christian leaders there. Over the pulpit of the church cult jobs for the church pastor This experiment gives much en- at Chungju is an electric light is the finding of work for the which burns all night long, so young people of the church. Our couragement for the future of that any persons wishing to East Suburb Church in Tsinan, enter the church to pray may do Shantung, has tackled this prob- the Church and Christianity in lem with good results. so. One of the doors is always China. open. Often before daylight K. K. THOMPSON, Presbyterian Mission, Tsinan.

Eighteen young Chinese con- General Asks for Prayer Christians will come to pray be- fore beginning the duties of the nected with the Church include The Chinese army general in day, as few, if any, of them have thirteen g i r I san d five boys command at Yangchow request- any private places in their ed local Christians to have a homes for prayer. The average who are attending Senior High series of special prayer meet- size of the rooms is 7 x 7 feet Schools in Tsinan, Tungchow ings for China. He attended one and these are often occupied by (Hopei), and in Peiping. Not of the meetings and talked three or four members of the all are baptized members, but plainly about the weakness of family who sleep on the floor. they are all friendly with the the Chinese character, and how C h r is t ian movement. These they did not need to fear Japa- By Families, Not Individuals young people returned last sum- nese airplanes and cannon so mer for their vacations, and the much as their own hearts. The A radical change in method Church leaders decided to ask Rev. E. H. Forster says the has been made by the Episcopal the girls to take up some regular meetings showed a genuine Mission in Changshu. Except in Christian service in a Daily Va- Christian attitude, there was very special instances, single incation Bible School. The boys m u c h earnest prayer that the dividuals are no longer baptized, were organized into a preaching truth might be known, that but it is insisted that whole band under the leadership of one officials of China and Japan families come together, or wait. of the older evangelists to make might act with justice and This is an experiment, but reshort trips into the nearby coun- righteousness, and that the sults for the past three years try towns, where they would sing hands of the League of Nations have justified the attempt. The hymns, preach and hold conver- and a 11 other organizations obvious advantage is that it sations with those interested. working for world peace might makes for stability in Christian be strengthened. belief and practice for each These eighteen students unan- person. There have been in imously agreed to take up these Moslems in China projects. The Daily Vacation Bible School enrollment mounted the past many instances of los- until 280 were registered. These The National Christian Coun- ing members of the Church beboys and girls from the neigh- cil of China has under consider- cause in a family where only borhood, most of them without ation the formation of a com- one member is a Christian,

it is most difficult for him origin, representing the Presby- pected that Buddhism will enact to refuse to take part in the terian, Lutheran, Baptist and a more vigorous propaganda in numerous heathen rites in con- other Protestant denominations. Europe. nection with the worship of There are now branches of the household gods, and ancestors. Alliance in New York, Phila- The Bible for Siberian Exiles For a son to refuse the sacrifices delphia, Pittsburgh, Toronto, due to his father or mother is Chicago, Los Angeles and San The work which the National unthinkable. A Christian son Francisco. In 1925 the Inter- Bible Society of :::lcotland is domay be able to pass this filial national Hebrew Christian Al- ing among Siberian exiles in duty on to one of his non-Chris- liance was organized with head- Manchuria has been more and tian brothers, if he has any. If quarters in London, England. more fruitful. Directors of the not, and the duty falls upon him, Now there are alliances in four- three Russian High Schools at very often his Christian con- teen countries of the world. Sir Harbin provided all the children science is stifled by the pressure Leon Levison, of Edinburgh, an with copies of the Gospels. Siof family and relatives. On the elder of St. George's Church and multaneously complete Bibles death of a Christian member of president of the board of direc- were bought by the Parents' the family its connection with tors of The Life of Faith (the Committees of these schools, and Christianity is ended. organ of the Keswick Move- distributed among the school ment) and The Christian, of children. Thus over 200 copies This method makes for London, is the president of the of the Bible, and over 2,000 Gosstronger roots and a growth that International Alliance. pels were distributed. will continue throughout succeeding generations. The Alliance has a threefold Copies of the Gospels have mission: also been circulated among refu- -Spirit of Missions. gees coming from Soviet Russia. 1. A united Hebrew Chris- Again and again, refugees ex- Stirring Times in Manchuria tian witness to' the Church that claim that the Gospels are of Israel is still beloved of God and more value than food and cloth- We are having stirring times that the Christian has a mis- ing. In spite of Bolshevik athein Manchuria. Until recently we sionary duty to the Jews of the ist assertions that the entire were entirely free from the world. younger generation is godless, troubles which were rending the evidence accumulates that the south asunder. Now it seems 2. It aims to proclaim Christ opposite is true. Both in Rusour turn to know what danger to unbelieving Jewish brethren sia and Siberia are new revivals, and distress mean. We are in and urge the acceptance of Him chiefly among young people. At the very center of the struggle as a personal Saviour. one place in Russia, the secrezone. tary of a Communist Youths' 3. To present a tangible ex- Movement was converted. He Our great concern is for our pression and testimony to the had been a leader in all commu- Christians and the evangelists unbelieving world that the Gos- nistic movements among the who have their wives and chil- pel is as strong today as ever in Youth. Other similar cases are dren and are from North China. the conversion and regeneration recorded. It is all we can do to keep some of Jews. of these quiet. Among One Million Bataks The Hebrew Christian Alli- We desire most earnestly that ance Quarterly, is published in Dr. Warneck of the Rhenish China may not be crushed, nor Chicago, and is a magazine of Mission in Sumatra states that have any of her possessions exceptional merit. Jacob Peltz the chief problem at present is taken unjustly from her, but we is managing editor. the care of the Christians and feel that the leaders of China es- further extension of the work. pecially need to be taught a les- Growth of Buddhism There are one million Bataks of son in simple justice and hon- whom one-fourth are Christians. esty. China must learn that she The International Buddhist Protestant missions have' two cannot be reckoned as on a plane Union plans to hold a Buddhist energetic opponents, Islam and with other great nations while 'world congress in December, Roman Catholicism. There is foreign life and property are un- 1932. The place of meeting is to urgent need for more European protected. China needs 0 u I' be Siam, if the king of that coun- m iss i onaries. A theological prayers now as never before. try agrees, if not, in Rangoon. school is being started in Java The vice-president of the Maha- for the training of native pas- -{Mrs. J.J Rosalind Go- bodhi Society in London, B. L. tors and workers and all mission forth. Broughton, is at present en- societies in the Dutch East In- gaged in a tour comprising Bur- dies are cooperating. Schools GENERAL ma, Siam, Cambodia, China, and are increasing, but in the land of Japan in order to inaugurate the Bataks thousands are still The Hebrew Christian Al1iance consulates of the International waiting for the Gospel. Buddhist Union. The effort is This organization of Christian being made to get all divisions Jews was founded in 1913, in of Buddhism all over the world Pittsburgh, Pa., by a group of into closer cooperation. It is ex- Christian ministers of Hebrew Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information A. C. Dixon, A Romance of Preach- else, A. C. Dixon was one of the Education Be L eft tot h e ing. By Helen C. Alexander Dixon. greatest preachers of his gener- State?" "The T r a i n in g of 324 pp. $5. Putnam. New York. ation, sound in the faith, and Teachers," "The Education of 1931. tireless in evangelical zeal. Women and Girls," "Missions and Governments." Few non-professional writers Mrs. Dixon has measured up undertake three extended biog- to her task. Although she her- There is no claim for originalraphies in one life time-a dis- self is a Britisher, the chapters ity in the positions taken and tinction achieved by Helen C. on American history in the time defined. The principles stated Alexander Dixon. The life of of the Civil War and reconstruc- are educationally sound. The her father, Richard Cadbury of tion period not only reveal tact chief difficulty, as the authors Birmingham, England, and the and grace but form a worthy point out, lies not in the statelife of her former husband, contribution to the bibliography ment of the principles but in the C h a r I e s M. Alexander, are of American history. She could securing of their practical appliworthy of the splendid recep- write with especial sympathy on cation. But the very exposition tions accorded them. Her third Dr. Dixon's London ministry, of, and the focusing of minds biography, the life of A. C. Dix- and in the delineation of his life upon, such principles will help on, her second husband, is, in as a great international preach- to produce in time a unified miscertain respects, her supreme ef- er she has excelled, showing sionary opinion and allegiance clear insight into the facts and and program, and the Christian fort. forces which made Dr. Dixon an movement in Africa is under ob- The art of the SCUlptor or the able servant of God. ligation to Dr. Oldham and Miss Gibson for this able and timely portrait painter is called upon to L. S. CHAFER. book. reproduce one view of a human face and figure. The biographer The Remaking of Man in Africa. By W. R. WHEELER.

undertakes the stupendous task J. H. Oldham and B. D. Gibson. of reproducing a life with all its 183 pp. 28 6d. Oxf,ord University Press. 1931. tim e periods, temperaments, Missions in the Bible. By J. B. trials and triumphs. Lawrence, D.D. 186 pp. Baptist In at least three respects the Home Mission Board. Atlanta, Georgia, 1931. biography of Dr. A. C. Dixon This is a study and exposition was no easy task. He was a of the "broad outlines of a pol- Southerner by birth and, living icy of Christian education" in Though published primarily in the time of the Civil War, was Africa. Dr. J. H. Oldham, the for the use of the churches of naturally influenced by the bit- Secretary of the International the Southern Baptist Conven- ter feeling which war invariably Missionary Council, has traveled tion, this handbook for the study engenders; yet in the greater widely through East and South of the missionary teaching of portion of his American minis- Africa, and has intimate knowl- the Scriptures will prove "a try he was a beloved pastor of edge of things African, both friend in need" to pastors, northern churches, evidencing missionary and governmental. teachers and all earnest church the fact that his passions were Miss B. D. Gibson is the Assist- workers in other communions.

heaven-born and his love of ant Secretary of the Council. It is well planned. Beginning souls was universal. Likewise The authors state their pur- with the definition of the mis- Dr. Dixon was international in pose to be "the progressive evo- sionary enterprise as "a divinely service and sympathy at a time lution of a coordinated policy of imposed task," not "an arbitra- when national interests were Christian education, thought out ry self-chosen diversion of reli- uppermost because of the World in the light of the Christian giously-minded individuals," the War. Few could have served meaning of education and the introductory chapter reviews Great Britain with more sym- missionary purpose, and closety the agencies through which the pathy and loyalty than he did as related to the living forces in work is carried forward, and pastor of the Spurgeon Taber- modern Africa." presents the Bible as the mis- nacle in London during those The chapters deal with the sionary charter and source book agonizing years of strife and subjects "Education and the of missionary instruction. Six suffering. But more than all Missionary Pur p 0 s e," "Can chapters r e cor d "Missionary [317] Teachings of the Old and New years right before us if the over- in Africa more constructive and Testaments," "The Mission and whelming challenge on both permanent by the training of Message of Christ," "The Mis- fronts is to be met." The third better helpers; and that he could sionary 1m per a t i v e of the lecture' deals with opposing get away from that somewhat Church," "The Divine Plan of forces and the other two are on patronizing attitude of white Support," and "The Work of the "The Secret of Liberating a toward black for which he sees Holy Spirit in Missions." These Greater Lay Force." no cure. R. E. HOFFMAN.

studies furnish a wealth of ma- In this, as in all of Dr. Mott's terial for sermons, addresses and class discussions. Instruc- books, the style is the man. Zealots of Zion. By Hoffman Birney. There is a great wealth of bio- 12 mo. $3.50. Penn Publishing Co. tion concerning stewardship and graphical illustration, although Philadelphia. 1931. giving is intensely practical, as developed under the following some names of leading Christian Much attention has been atcaptions: Giving; everyone laymen of our generation are tracted to the Mormons within giving; everyone giving every conspicuous by their absence. the last decade. Book after week; everyone giving at least The bibliography contains over book has appeared dealing with a tithe; everyone giving to two hundred titles and makes some phase of their remarkable every Kingdom object! The au- the work invaluable for refer- history. Mr. Birney's volume is thor trenchantly rem ark s : ence. an unusual treatment of an un- "Weekly giving will fuse the im- usual subject. He resists the pulse of stewardship and cast it S. M. Z. usual temptation to play up such into the mould of habit." The colorful personalities as Joseph dynamic of the missionary en- On the Edge of the Primeval Forest. Smith, Jr., or Brigham Young. terprise is found in Love, the By Albert Schweitzer. Translated Ignoring the greater lights, he love of Christ shed abroad in from the German by C. T. Campion. gives us an absorbing story of our hearts by the Spirit in eter- 180 pp. $2. Macmillan. New the humbler actors in the develnal, optimistic, victorious Love. York. opment of Brigham's great Mor- mon empire. These men, with The lessons of each chapter In the parable of Dives and their stark zealotry, their crude are brought into relief by ques- Lazarus, which Dr. Schweitzer theology and their blazing fations prepared by Mrs. Una applies directly to us, Caucasi- naticism, march through his Rob e r t s Lawrence, Mission ans represent Dives and Lazarus pages like the actors in a Greek Study Editor of the Home Mis- represents the colored f 0 I k drama. Probably the best part whom we could relieve. Instead of the volume is Mr. Birney's sion Board. BERTHA G. JUDD. we have brought them strong drink and certain diseases, and so are their debtors. "Hence," he treatment of a confessedly diffi- cult mat t e r, the Mountain Liberating the Lay Forces of Chris- says, "I resolved, when already Meadows Massacre. No fairer tianity: The Ayer Lectures for 1931. 30 years old, to study medicine By John R. Mott. 175 pp. $2. and put my ideas to test out there." To pay the expense he statement ever has been put in Macmillan. New York. 1932.

An excellent and timely book used his earnings from organ print and yet it is doubtful if a on a great theme. Dr. Mott concerts and from his book on severer arraignment of the Morstates his argument in the open- Bach. How this remarkable mon priesthood ever was made. ing sentence: "The most vital man, having already attained The author convinces his readand fruitful periods in the his- eminence in music and theology, ers that this slaughter of 120 tory of the Christian Church carried out this deliberate pur- men, women and children was have been those in which laymen pose, the difficulties and ro- the greatest atrocity ever comhave most vividly realized and mance of it all, are drawn in mitted in America. It still remost earnestly sought to dis- startling clearness with a rich mains a bar sinister' upon the charge their responsibility to background of life in the jungle, M 0 r m 0 n system. M 0 r m 0 n propagate the Christian faith. some of the most prevalent dis- writers have not shown re- This fact was impressively il- eases, problems of mission or- straint in presenting the i r lustrated in the days of the early ganization and the results of be- claims as to the "fruits of coming Christians in the life of Mormonism," but one wonders Christians. " whether they will not need to The first lecture is a historical the people. sketch of the contribution made Dr. Schweitzer is still the pitch their claims a little lower by laymen to the Christian master musician in this Sym- in view of such an irresistible Church in its world program phony, with its theme of a life arraignment. A. J. M.

down the centuries and in every abandoned to the relief of huland. The second lecture is a man need, in the "Fellowship of The Moral Crisis in Christianity. By strong pie a for augmenting those who bear the mark of Justin Wroe Nixon. 8 yo. $2.00. these lay forces because of pres- pain" and so can never be free Harper & Bros.. New York. 1931.

ent conditions in the church and again to forget the others who Is Christianity ethically adein the world at large. "A vast- still suffer. quate for such a time as ours? ly greater lay force must be lib- Yet one could wish that he That, Dr. Nixon holds, is the erated, mobilized and used in the were able to make this fine work crucial question for religion to-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

day, on the answer to which re- can hope to achieve a unified and acter. Khama was the last of ligion's hold on future genera- harmonious society. But this re- the great Kafir kings who were tions will chiefly depend. In the sult, Dr. Nixon contends, can be at once supreme ruler, supreme midst of acute economic distress, attained only by a profounder court j u d g e, commander-in- shifting moral standards, con- and truer view of life than the chief of the army and head of flicting social ideals and a wide- current "humanism" offers; it the treasury. He ruled with his spread secularistic temper, can requires as its basis the insight brain rather than with bat- Christianity give positive guid- into reality that is found in talions, though he was a power- ance? Dr. Nixon answers in the Jesus Christ. S. M. CAVERT. ful and skillful general.

affirmative, but in no spirit of Khama practically compelled easy complacency. He discrimi- The Rural Mission of the Church in his people to accept Christianity natingly analyzes present condi- Eastern Asia. By Kenyon L. But- and introduced a communistic tions, both in the world at large terfield, Foreword by John R. Mott. system of trading. We see him and also in organized religion, Pamphlet. International Missionary never ignoring the gravity of Council. New York. 1931. here grow from a "naked head the situation or clinging to any boy into a circumcised savage, a superficial optimism. Dr. Butterfield has rendered a skilled lion hunter, a desert valuable service to the mission- -dreamer, a baptized Christian, a This volume is the first series ary cause through his visits to rebel against his father's stern of lectures on the new Walter India and eastern Asia. His ex- Rauschenbusch Foundation at perience, good judgment, genial rule, a hater of tobacco and al- Colgate-Rochester D i v i nit y personality and spiritual aims cohol, a politician outwitting School. The lecturer is a former enabled him to look deeply into Paul Kruger and Cecil Rhodes; pupil, friend and colleague of rural problems and to suggest a top hatted diplomat winning Dr. Rauschenbusch, later be- solutions that have already born the protection of Queen Victoria came his successor in the profes- fruit. In this report Dr. Butter- and Joseph Chamberlain in the sorial chair and is now a field gives the results of his face of powerful opposition; a preacher in Rochester. We may visits to Japan, Korea, China, military conqueror of many wisely look to him for a discern- the Philippines and Siam. We ing interpretation of what has need to realize the importance of tribes, a taker of tribute in catbeen taking place in Christian the vast but neglected rural tle, slave girls and ivory; a pilthought and life during the fields. Every missionary or ad- lager of kraals; an autocrat, quarter of a century since the ministrator of mission work gentleman and philosopherappearance of Rauschenbusch's among rural populations should this strange mixture was born epochal treatise on "Christianity carefully study these findings in 1828 and died in 1923 at the and the Social Crisis." and recommendations. No pow- age of ninety-four still grasping er, other than the Spirit of God, the scepter of authority." Frankly recognizing that "so- can bring life to these neglected areas but by human instrumen- It is a remarkable historycial Christianity" is now in well worth reading and shows something like an eclipse, Dr. what strength lies in African character.

Nixon finds the major explanaJ tality this Spirit is brought into tion in two things. One is the touch with men. tendency of some to treat Chris- The Lutheran Hour. By Prof. Walter A. Maier, Ph.D. 8 vo. 324 pp.

tianity as a religion of escape Khama, King of Bamangwato. By $1.50. Concordia Pub. House. St. from the real problems of life in- Julian Mockford. Illus. 8 Vo. 322 Louis. 1931.

stead of a means for world pp. lOs. 6d. Jonathan Cape The r a d i 0 has e nab led transformation. The other is London. 1931. speakers to send messages to the tendency to reduce "social One of the most remarkable hundreds of tho usa n d s of Christianity" to a program of chiefs of South Central Africa listeners simultaneously though external reform rather than a was Khama, the friend of Liv- they are thousands of miles means of expressing a positive ingstone, who ruled his country apart. It is a near approach to philosophy of life grounded in with a strong hand, acted as ar- omnipresence. The Spirit of deep convictions. In his own bitrator in disputes, established God speaking through a human thinking, Dr. Nixon arrives at a schools, abolished witchcraft voice, heard but not seen, may synthesis of the personal and the and polygamy, and went to Lon- influence millions of lives. The social aspects of Christianity by don to plead with Queen Victoria Lutheran Layman's League has showing that the real issue is to maintain a protectorate over rendered a wide service over whether it has a redemptive his kingdom and to help him thirty-six stations in providing quality that can produce a new keep out strong drink. His the addresses by Dr. Walter A.

type of personality and through character was strong, though not Maier, Professor of Old Testa- it a new type of social life. ·If, faultless, his career was pictur:- ment in the Concordia Theo- as the author shows, the individ- esque and powerful. This story logical Seminary at St. Louis.

ual can find through Christ and of the great chief is a valuable The thirty-six half hour sermons His teachings an inner unity and history of his country and a well are clear, practical and biblical, peace in his own soul, then we balanced portrayal of his char- taking up such subjects as

MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN A LOCAL CHURCH

Blinded Morals, Truth from the Chicago Theological Semin- urrection, also, has meaning for Heaven, The Folly of Atheism, ary by the President profess to Prophecy, C rea t ion, Faith, give five pathways for the per- us only on the spiritual level. Purity, Modern Marriage, Im- plexed seeker in a Godless age mortality, Christ's Coming, The That the body of Jesus should be Use of the Sword, The New to the realization of the presence Birth and God's Solution for of God. Through nature, science, brought back from the tomb, re- Youth's Problems. These radio humanity, worship, and through sermons resulted in conversions, Jesus Christ the perplexed soul animated, and given a brief adrestorations to Christian faith, may find the way back. While renewed church memberships the book contains many excel- ditional physical existence for a and Bible study. Reports of lent thoughts the pathway to the these results have come from presence of God is entirely omit- few days among his followers, such widely scattered points as ted-namely, through the Holy Quebec and Mississippi, Cali- Word and the Holy Spirit. The helps us not at all. Indeed it fornia and Massachusetts. author frankly disavows his be- lief in the Virgin birth and the only troubles us. It raises far The Pacific. By Stanley Rogers. II: resurrection of the bod y of lustrated by the Author. 8 vo. 254 Jesus. He says: "And so the res- more questions than it satisfies. pp. $2.75. Crowell. New York. 1931. The only resurrection we are in- This volume, with drawings terested in is a continued spiritby the author, only skims the surface. It is not a narrative of ual presence-a discovery that personal conversations or experiences; it is not a study of there was something about Jesus the people or the geology, fauna and flora, for the author has that was unextinguishable." We never traversed the ocean and islands of which he writes from think that Dr. Palmer "raises a window overlooking the London River. He gives a rapid sur- more questions than he satisvey of the Pacific, its islands and discoveries; tells something of fies." S. M. Z. how the islands were formed; recounts stories of w h a I e s, Whither sharks and other fish and ex- Chinese Youth Today plains the importance of the Pacific and of the Panama Canal. Read the Graphic Story He tells some thrilling tales of shipwrecks and p ira t e s, but A YOUNG REVOLUTIONIST seems never to have heard of the adventures and achievements of BY PEARL S. BUCK the Christian missionaries. He speaks of the New Hebrides but The Author shows the Sdme knowledge of the Chinese dnd the Sdme literdry omits all mention of John G. skill displdyed in "Good Edrth." But this new narrative reveals the influence Paton; mentions Pitcairn Island of Christian Missions. She portrays the modern Chinese youth torn by strife and the crew of the "Bounty" between the old and new, aflame with patriotism, blindly devoted to ideals but does not know how the de- only half understood, groping for a religious fdith and eagerly helping to build generate mutineers were trans- a new China. formed into Bible-loving Christians; he tells of the Hawaiian DO YOU WANT TO RI:AD THIS BOOK? Islands but not of their remark- HI:RI: IS AN UNUSUAL OFFI:R-GOOD UNTIL JUNI: 1st: able regeneration. It is the same with Fij i, Caroline and Marshall A One Year's Subscription to the Review … $2.50} B h f Islands and Samoa. He scarcely A Young Revo Iutl·onl.st. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 SoAtY or $2.50 mentions Papua. It is an inter- — 1: • . .75 esting but very inc 0 m pIe t e $3.25 scrapbook on the Pacific. If You Wish the Book in Cloth Add 50 Cents Paths to the Presence of God. By Al- bert W. Palmer, D. D. 105 pp. ——–F—I–L—L_ .. -O._-U—-T—–_C._.O__ ."U.. -P-_.O_–N-_._.–B—I–:_L..O…W. __….A…N…D_-_._-R—I-:–T–U—_R._N——-A-._T- ….O…N—_C.. I: $1.00. The Pilgrim Press. Boston, Mass. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY Ddte ……….. .

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Books Obituary Notes Bishop and Mrs. Brenton T

of the Methodist Board, have returned The Advance Guard. 200 Years of The Rev. Dr. Melancthon G. G. to America. Bishop Badley expects Moravian Missions, 1732-1932. 95 Scherer, Secretary of the United Lu- to give a series of missionary ad- pp. Is. Moravian Book Room. theran Church in America, died in dresses. London. New York City on March 9th. He was born in Catawba County, North *** The Miraj Medical Mission. Sir Will- Carolina, March 16, 1861, and from iam J. Wanless. $1.50. Revell. 1914 to 1918 was president of the The Rev. John Ritchie is at work New York. United Synod of the Evangelical Lu- again in Lima, having accepted the theran Church. He was an able the- charge of the Upper Andes Agency of Do You Remember Sinclair Steven- ologian, an excellent counselor, de- the American Bible Society. Mr. son? Margaret Stevenson. Illus. voted leader, and a staunch friend. Ritchie has been spending a few weeks 257 pp. 6s. Blackwell. Oxford. in London. Miss Harriet Riddell, pioneer in Wilbur B. Stover. Pioneer Mission- work among Japanese lepers, died '* * * ary. J. E. Miller. 208 pp. Bret}1- February 3d, in her 77th year. Miss ren Pub. House. Elgin, Ill. Hiddell had completed more than 40 Mr!'1. Robert E. Speer, President of years of service in Japan and was the National Board of the Young I. Lillias Trotter. Lalla Lili, Founder twice decorated by the Japanese gov- Women's Christian Association for of the Algiers Mission Band. ernment. Last year she received a the last twelve years, has retired Blanche A. F. Pigott. Illus. 245 gift from the Empress Dowager, with from office, but will continue on the pp. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. the promise of an annual grant for board of directors. Mrs. Frederic M. London. years to follow. Paist, of Wayne, Pa., the new presi- dent, has been a member of the Na- Doctor Vanderkemp. A. D. Martin. Dr. George M. Fowles, ·from 1!113 tional Board and presiding officer of 2s 6d. 195 pp. Livingston Press, to 1924 the Treasurer of the Board five of the organization's national London. of Foreign Missions of the Methodist conventions. Mrs. Paist is the sister Episcopal Church, died of a heart at- of Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur, Secretary Journal of Thomas Williams. Mis- tack at his home in New York City of the Interior. sionary in Fiji, 1840-185:3. 2 vols. ·on March 30th. Dr. Fowles was born Illus. 42s. 606 pp. C. C. Hender- fifty-five years ago, was a graduate *** son. Angus & Robertson. Sydney. of Boston University School of The- ology and at the time of his death Dr. W. W. Yen, Chinese Minister at Missions in the Church of the Breth. was President of the Foundation for Washington, is a member of the Prot- reno Their Development and Effect Human Welfare. estant Episcopal Church. Upon the Denomination. Elgin S. Moyer. 301 pp. $2.50. Brethren The Rev. Thomas H. Clough, for *** Pub. House. Elgin, Ill. thirty·seven years a missionary to the Seneca Indians on the Cattaraugus Mr. R. A. Adams, for 25 years sec- Japan. Some Phases of Her Problems Reseryation, Cattaraugus County, N. retary of the Bombay branch of the and Development. Inazo Nitobe. Y., died on March 2, at his home in British and Foreign Bible Society, has 398 pp. 18s. Benn. London. Buffalo. retired from that office. During his reriod of service the Bible distribution International Commission of Enquiry Mr. Clough was in charge of the ill Western India has greatly in- in Liberia. 129 pp. $1.25. League Church of the Good Shepherd and the creased. of Nations. Geneva. Church of the Redeemer on the Seneca Reservation and of St. Andrew's * * ;of! Gold Coast at a Glancl'. Cameron C. Church, Irving, New York. Alleyne. 143 pp. $1. Hunt Print- Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, Editor of ing Co. New York. He would take no remuneration for The Moslem World, sailed for Europe his services, though his resources on April 15th and expects to return Tribes of the Niger Delta. Their Re- were meager. In his later years he to America July 22nd. He is to give ligions and Customs. P. Amaury became nearly blind and nearly deaf, addresses at the May missionary Talbot. 350 pp. 18s. Sheldon but still continued to perform such meetings in London and has similar Press. London. parts of the service as he could from engagements in Liverpool, Ipswich, memory. Cambridge, York, Scotland, Ireland, Racial Segregation in South Africa. Prance and Germany. In America he An Apneal. W. Aidan Cotton. 158 *** is to address conferences at Massan- pp. 2s 6d. Sheldon Press. London. etta Springs, Grove City, and Stony Personal Items Brook.

(Continued /1'om 2d Cover) IMunshi Ganeshi Lal Brown America. The Story of aNew Prof. Erling Eidem, who has. been I ~ and Son Race. Edwin R. Embree. 311 pp. chosen to succeed the late Archbishop $2.50. Viking Press. New York.· Soderblom, was New Testament pro- I 9 Drummond Road, Agra, India fessor in the University of Lund. The Mexican Immigrant. His Life- Constitutionally, the Archbishop is i. Dealers in story. 288 pp. $5. University of also the president of the Swedish Chicago Press. Chicago. Church Mission. The new archbishop I Indian Curios, Jewelry and long ago published a series of ar- Liberalism in Mexico, 1857·1929. Wil- ticles entitled, "Biblical Missionary , Photographs frid H. Callcott. 410 pp. $5. Stan- Thoughts" in the Svenska Kyrkans ford University Press. Stanford. Missionstidning which attracted wide By Appointment to His Excellency attention. He also took a leading The Governor of United Provinces Mexico. A Study of Two Americas. part in the new translation of the Stuart Chase. 338 pp. $3. Mac- Bible into Swedish. write for prices or millan. New York. Send For Sample 100 Rupee Box *** Haiti Under American Control, 1915· of Interesting Curios 1930. Arthur C. Millspaugh. 253 Dr. J. S. Ryang, general superin-. pp. $2.50. World Peace Founda- tendent of the Korean Methodist They Make Wonderful Gifts tion. Boston. Episcopal Church, will attend Gen- eral Conference at Atlantic City in All Joods carefully Pdcked dnd Porto Rico. A Caribbean Isle. R. J. May. Dr. Ryang is a graduate of shippe prepaid. Van Deusen and E. K. Van Deusen. Vanderbilt University and Yale Di- 342 pp. $3.50. Holt. New York. vinity School. Send pdyment by Postal or Express Order

Christ Known to

The Good News of the Way, the Truth and the Life through Christ is interpreted to Moslems through the Literature published in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Panjabi, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems in all parts of the world. You can help to supply this much needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard this Good News-in Egypt Palestine Malaysia Morocco Turkey China Algiers Arabia Java Irak Sumatra Tunis Persia South Africa Syria India You may not be able to go but you can help the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems This Society does not send missionaries but cooperates with the Nile Mission Press and Interdenominational Committees on the field.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William 1. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Mrs. William Borden Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Dr. James Cantine, Cor. Sec. Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.D. Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Rev. A. C. Snead Mrs. J. M. Montgomery Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D.D. Dr. John H. Raven Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D.

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The Missionary Review of the World — July 1931

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LET YOUR GIFT AUGUST 1 ST TO 14TH to Foreign Missions Combine. ABUNDANT RECR'EATION with Informative Lecture. – Group Discu••lon. and PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME Delightful Entertainment You can make a generous gift to foreign mis~ sions and have a needed income for yourself Guest Sp.ak….. and Ani….

and others from the money you give by the Rev. J. Ernest James, B.D., of London, England: Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt; Rt. Rev. Erneliit M. Annuity Gift Plan Stires; Captain Richmond Pierson Hobson; Col. This plan relieves you of uncertainty and Worry caused by cha.nging values of invested Raymond Robins; Fletcher S. Brockman; Mr. funds and assures you a fixed income of Gifford Gordon of Austra.lia i Dr. Arvie Eldred, See'y N. Y. State Teachers· Ass'n; Dr. Geo. M. 4t% to 9% per year Wiley, Ass't Comm. Education, N. Y. State i M. J. Brines, Director of Music; J ..Thurston Noe. for the rest of your life Organist, Wanamaker's, N. Y.; Double Quartet A reserve fund of over $1,500.000 guarantees from the Westminster Church Choir, Ithaca. the prompt payment of annuities to you, $40 and FOR 2 WEEKS Protect yourself against loss through unwise investments and at the same time up with Room and Board help send the gospel to all the world. RESERVATIONS MADE NOW Foy full information writ~ Registration Fee $3.00 Ernul F. HaU~ Sec;retal'.l'.. Dept. 01 Annaifie. Addre"", Dr_ Tho….ton B. Penfield. Chairman. 347 Madison Avenue •••• New York City BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

156 Fifth Avenue. New York READ THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JULY NUMBER: Theodor N5ldeke and Eduard Sachau …… Duncan B. Macdonald A Persian Apostle: Benjamin Badal ……. ' ,J. Christy Wilson The Fear of God in the Koran ,Frank Hugh Foster The Pre-Ottoman Conquest of Asia-Minor. , . ,Lee Vrooman Luther's Attitude Toward Islam , ,Gottfried Simon The Chams of French Indo-China, (with map) America in the Cairo Press , ,A. C. Hanna Can a Moslem Translate the Koran? ,E. E. Elder ,W. G. Shellabear ··<lI,===SUBSCRIBE TODAY===~·· Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue New York City Single copies, 50c.; Annual Subscription, $2.00; in Combination with the REVIEW, $3.50.

MARSHALL, MORGAN & SCOTT, 12 Paternoster Buildings. London In Great Britain, Eight Shillings, net PleasE' mflntJon THE MrSS]ONARY. REVlEW OP THE 'YORLD in writ1ng to advertisprs. MISSIONARY PERSONALS REVIEW OF THE WORLD MISS MARTHA BERRY, Director of the Berry School for Mountain Children, at HELAYAN L. I'JEnSON, Rditor Mt. Berry, Ga., received the medal of honor from the Town Hall Club for CONTENTS-July, 1931 "achieving an accomplishment of lasting merit." Seven thousand children have al- Puye ready been graduated from the school and there are now 2,000 on the waiting THE HTIW(HlLI,] OF KOlUJAN CJlRIS- list to enter.

'l'IA.NR . . . . . . . . . . . . IIRIWEUT E . .BLAIR 4~5 ** .A. FOltVARD BTliJP IN BHAZIL …… . DR, W. J. MCGLOTHLIN was reelected • • • . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. C. r.L'll(~l{J):lU. 4V2 president of the Southern Baptist Con- vention at its recent meeting in Birming- CAN TilE POOl( IlIC ClIHISTIANS'1 ," ham, Ala. •• " . " . , . " " . , . "PAUL W, IlARltISON -iU3 *** TOHIIlIKO KAGAWA-J AI' AN]j] S ill DR. G. L. KIEFFER has recently been AI'OWI'LB TO '!'IlE l'O()]t ""', .. , .. appointed to Dr. Henry K. Carroll's posi- " " " " " " " " " " "I!. W. MEYERS 501 tion as statistician for the churches of America. A NtlW AIJygN'rUIUO WITH CHRIST •..••••••.••••••••• PAUL J. BU.USTED 507 ** STltAW:'; IX 'rUE MU,SIONAltY WIND MISS BLANCHE NICHOLA, former dean · . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LOIS ,T, ELDER 50!) of Berea College, has been elected direc- tor of specific work for the Board of Na- tional Missions of the Presbyterian .A "SCHOUI~ Ob' fl'I[J;] lIItOI'UliJT:5" IN Church, U. S. A., succeeding Miss M• Nl!~W ZliJALAND .. . ……..•. 513 Josephine Petrie, retired. For many years Miss Nichola has been engaged in SHALL CHltIS'l'IANS LWl' 'l'lIE JICWS missionary work among industrial and ALONE'~ EIliTOHU.L . ' [jl(j foreign-speaking groups.

A NOTABLE ImIHU<JW CHRISTIAN- PRESIDENT W . * * W:HI< ITE, of the Bib- Tj[~J STOltY O~' SABE'l'I ll, ItOllOLll W .

· . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . V. il. CHUTSTIFJ 510 lical Seminary in New York, celebrated TOl'ICS OF TIlE TIMFJS •…. ' 1122 in April the 30th anniversary of the '''Pht) Nurm3 oj ~1li88'io'1t8'J founding of his institution.

Colll'!}c GORpd ']'eams ttl" Asia REV. JOHN R. *SCO*TFO*RD is the newly j)('[JctHlcilt Independent M18,5!'iOUS elected editorial secretary of the Com- [.r.i tile BHjlc Out oj Date? mission of Missions of the Congrega- ~m'rIiODS FOn WORKERS . . . . . . . . . • . tional National Council. Part of his . . • . . EDITED BY MRS. lJ'. I. .JOHNSUN 526 work is to carryon the associate editor- W(HIAI'S HOME AND FOIttJIGN llUL- ship of the American Missionary num- LETIK ……….. , ..•…•………. 5R2 bers of the Congregationalist.

WORLD·WIDE OUTLOOK ……..•..•• U38 MISS NOltI SHI*MOM* UR*A, an American- IlOOKS WOIt'l'lI RI~ADING •..•…..••• 554 born Japanese girl from Portland, has been adjudged by a faculty committee at 'L'EHMS.-$2,50 a year, ($2.00 in clubs uf Oregon State College (4,000 students) "to approach most nearly an ideal of infive.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, tellect and spirituality, and to have ex- 25 cents. Published. monthly. Copyrighted, erted the most Wholesome influence upon 1931, by lIrssION ..t,.RY REVIEW IJUBI.ISIIlNG COM- her associates." Miss Shimomura has been active in campus Christian circles. PANY, INC. All rigbts reserved. MRS. F. 1. JOHN*SO*N, E*ditor of the Best 'I'lIE MISSIONARY REVIBW PUBLISHING Methods Department, when in Siam last COMPANY, INC. March, had an audience in Bangkok with ROBERT E. SPEER, President Prince Damrong, chief adviser of King 'VILLIAM 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President Prajadhipok. Mrs. Johnson is now on her way back to America. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary VAI~TER .McDOUGALl" Treasurer * * >1= Publication Office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, DR. ERIC M. NORTH, Secretary of the American Bible Society, recently re- Pa. 25c a COllY. $2,50 Ii year. turned from Great Britain where he has EditorIal and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, been on business relating to the distribu- New York City tion of the Scriptures in other lands.

Entered fiS Second-clnss matter at the Post *** Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March MR. JOHN L. GOHEEN, principal of the a, 1879. Sangli Industrial and Agricultural School of the Presbyterian Western In- dia Mission, has been made an adviser of the Native State of Ichalkaranji. In EMPRESS" this capacity Mr. Goheen is to exercise general supervision over all departments Largest and Fastest of state; principally public works, education registration, municipality, medi- OD the Paeilie . .. ,,'a cine, Ichalkaranji Bank and Cooperative Credit Societies. Honolulu or Speedway *** MISS KATHARINE TRISTRAM, at work in Japan under the C. M. S. for forty-two years, has been awarded the Blue Ribbon Distinguished Service Medal by the Emperor, in recognition of effort for the cause of education and social uplift.

DR. NORTHCOTE* D"ECK*, long a worker in the Solomon Islands, has accepted an invitation to join the Council of the China Inland Mission in Great Britain.

MR. BASIL MA"THE"WS*, recently one of Now, transatlantic the Secretaries of the World Y. M. C. A. at Geneva, and now attached to the per- sonal staff of Dr. John R. Mott of the International Missionary Council, has agreed to become Professor of Missions at Boston University for four months each year. Mr. Mathews' new work will be closely related to the Faculty of Theology and the Faculty of Religious Education, and also to the Newton Theologi- cal Seminary. .,. .,. .,.

THE REV. J. HARRY CoTTON, D.D., pas- size and speed on the Pacific! The White EmpresB tor of the Broad Street Presbyterian Church, Columbus, Ohio, is to deliver Heet comprises the largest, fastest liners to the the Joseph Cook lectures in the Far East, September, 1931, to March, 1932. Orient. / Dr. Cotton is to lecture in Syria, Persia, India, Siam, China, Korea, and Japan. Two Empress routes! Via Honolulu, the huge Empress of Canada and the new 23-knot Em- press of Japan, 26,000 tons gross, 39,000 tons Christians from" other*lands who expect displacement, connecting at Honolulu, if you to attend conferences in America this sail from Los Angeles or San Francisco. Via Summer: the Speedway Express, direct to Yokohama, Empress of Russia and Empress of Asia. Both TOYOKIHO KAGAWA, the outstanding routes from Vancouver and Victoria.

Christian leader of Japan. Travelers in the Mission field will enjoy the JULIO NAVARRO-MoNZO, Latin Amer- neW' uEmpress" Cabin. Varied, tasty cuisine …

ican author and lecturer; a leading service t~of t~e Orient" … make it a new, ultra· Christian evangelist to Latin American fine way to travel. Luxurious First, also f~Tourist"

students and professors. and "Third." Frequent sailings.

DR. DAVID Z. T. Yur, General Secretary L ..w-e..st Round Trip Sum- mer Far@lJ! ~~Fir.t~!I fro," of the National Committee of the Y. M. .450. __ ··Cabi…. 'r..m 8285 C. A. of China, one of the delegates to the Washington Conference. .

HUGO CEDERGREN, National General Independent travel-touring round-the-world and Orient conducted tours With. Canadian Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. of Sweden. Pacific's veteran travel ~~kDOW-how."

Mrs. Cedergren is the daughter of Prince Information, reservations from your own agent or Canadian Pacific: New York, Chicago, Bernadotte, brother of the King of Montreal and 32 other cities in U.S. and Canada.

Sweden.

BEHARI LAL RALLIA RAM, acting Y. M.

C. A. National General Secretary in India. CANADIAN PACIFIC …….. TO THE DR. T. Z. Koo, well-known Chinese Christian student leader.

DR. JOHN A. MACKAY, of South Amer- ica, a Scotch missionary whose scholaf'ly ORi£nr Christianrnessages have been welcomed World'. Greatest Trayel System in many Latin American student circles.

BISHOP V.- A. AZARIAH, of India, first Indian Bishop of the Anglican Church.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THill WORLD in writing to advertisers. CHURCH, PYENGYANG KOREANS MAKING OFFFlRINGS 1'0 SPIRITS AT A WAYSIDE DFlMON RTIRINFJ OLD AND NEW FORMS OF WORSHIP IN CHOSEN

LIV. No. 7 July

THE STRUGGLE OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS BY THE REV. HERBERT E. BLAIR, D.D., Taiku, Korea Missionary oj the Presbyterian Church j U. 8. A.

W HEN Japan annexed Korea Japan is proud of her great Prov- in 1910, she did away with ince of Chosen. She aspires to rule the political name of the the land better than America rules country, "Taikau," and officially the Philippines or Britain, India. named the province "Chosen,"-a Law making and enforcement are beautiful old name used by the peo- efficient. The courts are generally pIe themselves and meaning "morn- enlightened, if not always free ing calm." Missionaries, merchants from administrative dominance. In and writers still use the name Ko- spite of resurgent Korean patriotrea, the name so familiar to West- ism and resentment, expressed in ern peoples. occasional independence move- ments, Korea has been, de-facto, a The change of name is less im- part of the Japanese Empire now portant than the deeper changes for twenty years. that have come about since Japan annexed the country. The first of This political situation has afthese changes was political. Dis- fected the Christian movement in regarding questions of Japan's Korea profoundly. It has put a rights or Korea's deserts, there is new fibre into these characters. no question but that Japan has From a simple, rural, religious given a new, efficient, stimulating, community, feeding on Christian peace compelling administration. teachings alone, the Korean Church The Chosen administration is the has been tossed by surging tides of center of the Japanese imperial ad- political feeling. Patriotism and vance upon the Continent. The religion have been intimately asnew government is without the con- sociated at times and many have sent of the governed. Taxation is suffered imprisonment. The stress without representation and is very and strife have resulted in awakenheavy. The subject people have ing the Christian community to an only a minor, employed, participa- intelligent, liberty loving citizention in the less important official ship, which, if justly ruled, may bepositions. come a valuable element within the Japanese Empire, or, if oppressed, If Japan is to rule Korea at all, may eventually lead in some strugshe must keep a firm hand on the gle for national independence. The machinery of government. Peace advance has been from dependence must be preserved or Japan must upon paternalistic favor to a will go. The country must be advanced.

485

to win justice on the basis of law lion Koreans are, perhaps, prosand right. pering, eighteen millions are caught between higher standards Commercially the Japanese have of living and the breakdown of made Korea a new country. Trans- ancient trades and loss of lands. portation facilities center in the Eighty per cent of the Koreans, Government Railway which runs mostly farmers, are in hopeless up and twice across the Peninsula. poverty, and the galling conditions Government auto bus lines connect of changing life cause them great large stations with coast ports. distress. The upper ten per cent, Passenger and freight traffic has through usury, control of transbeen greatly extended. Banking portation, foreign commerce, and and commercial facilities and mod- the wholesale business, take a deadern public utilities have been de- ening toll from the helpless poor. veloped in a decade. Fine cities with modern buildings, water, Christian work in Korea is suflight and transportation are grow- fering because of financial difficuling up. Silk and cotton mills, to- ties. There are a few prosperous bacco factories, machine shops, and business men among Christians, esother new industries have come. pecially in the north. In Pyeng- The Japanese postal system is a yang some can even challenge Japmarvel. Daily papers, the moving anese business leadership. There is pictures and even the radio are be- one law for all, but those who join coming common. Western clothing, hands with Japanese business men medicine, machinery, books, ath- will naturally prosper, whereas letics-all are taking hold of Ko- Christians who keep the Sabbath, rea. The Japanese school system, do not use liquor nor share in no:J.- set to make all Korean children Christian business practices cannot loyal citizens of Japan, gives prom- take advantage of the present comise of great future blessing to the mercial system in Korea. With nation. The Japanese, through splendid exceptions, the newly government control and commer- prosperous tenth of Korea is almost cial enterprise, have brought in universally non-Christian, in fact most of this advancement and they non-religious. Integrity, industry and the Koreans who are close to and personal character will finally them have profited by their enter- win, but the great mass of Korean prise. But the nation is the real Christians, thus far, are farmers gainer. and financially they are at the mercy of a political, commercial Damaging Influences and agricultural control that is crushing them. With new life and Yet the picture is not all bright. ambition which Christian faith There are damaging influences alone gives men, they find their which intensify the degradation of limitations exasperating. The Kothe old pagan life. Narcotics, in- rean Church has been self-supportcreased liquor traffic, licensed pros- ing from the beginning. But today, titution, gambling on the rice except in the cities, poverty is so market, crushing taxation, and po- real in face of higher taxes and litical oppression tend to destroy living costs that pastors' and teachwhat was best in the old life. Larg- ers' salaries are not being paid, er incomes and higher standards of funds for church support are lackliving are for the rulers and those who cooperate with them. If a mil-

THE STRUGGLE OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS

ing, tuition fees for children are prosperous homes, schools and impossible, and the struggle for churches. food and clothing grows desperate. Hundreds give up hope of even The intellectual life of Korea has making a living off the "acre and a also undergone great changes. AIhalf" which they have on the aver- ways fundamentally Confucian with age been allowed to farm, and an added sympathetic Buddhistic either migrate to the cities or to mysticism, the Korean scholar China or Siberia. As a result down the ages has been a proud country churches weaken while Pharisee. As the churchmen of Lucity churches ilourish. ther's day lived in two languages, so the Korean scholars were mas- Christian cooperation is being ters of both Chinese and Korean. tried in many places. Agriculture The Koreans are a remarkably in- OLD TIME RELIGION IN CHOSEN-DEVIL POWl'S ON 'l'IlE HIGHWAY is being studied as never before. telligent, scholarly inclined race. The missions and the Y. M. C. A. The rulers were scholars; the farmare joining hands in taking agri- ers toiled and obeyed. Today the cultural information to the Chris- old Chinese classics are largely tian community as an emergency crowded out of the Japanese conmeasure, but as yet inadequate trolled schools. Instead of two funds limit this help. It is inter- languages, the young Korean scholesting to watch the Korea mission ar must be efficient in three lanforces, ever intent upon preaching guages. Instead of the old Conthe Gospel and the evangelistic fucian maxims committed as a rule training of the Christian commu- of life, a wild jumble of Western nity, turning their attention now to science, Japanese political ethics, the great question of helping that mathematics and vocational sub- Christian community escape de- jects are taught. The old Confucian stroying poverty so that a prosper- scholar is neglected and the modern ous people may be able to maintain school boy is quite a tyrant. West-

• STUDENTS AT CHAPEL SERVICE IN CHOSEN CHIUSTIAN COLLEGE, SEOUL ern books, newspapers, the movies inquirers. They want to know if and numerous magazines fill the Christianity can really solve their present-day mind of Korea with all problem when it commands them to the maze of Western world life and pray for the King, obey the powers thought. The old standards are that be, and turn the other cheek.

gone, except in old rural districts They do not see much hope for the where the classical tradition still great eighty per cent of the poor maintains. In the cities Japanese tenant farmers of Japan, China or law and Christian teachings are Korea ever attaining adequate liv- setting the new standards. Chris- ing conditions or political liberty tian men have a large influence in without a revolution.

some of the Korean newspapers Another factor tends to. under- and these papers are dictating the mine evangelical faith. Western new life. The movies are having a science is wide open before all the tremendous influence on the young students. The Government text- mind of Korea. American life as books are modern, for Japanese seen on the screen is setting a new scholars have gone to the extreme pace for the Orient. The young peo- in keeping up with Western think- ple of the Christian community are ing. Naturally agnostic from Con- not backward in these ideas. fucian influences, the Koreans have There is another intellectual a whole broadside of Spencerian stream pouring into Korea from agnosticism, materialistic mechan- the north. Political refugees flee ism, and anti-Christian propaganda to Siberia and these send and bring continually raining down about back Bolshevik ideas. There is them from Japanese sources.

doubtless an organized unity of ef- In the young Christian Church, fort uniting socialistic Japanese, these intellectual currents make Korean and Chinese with Russian life interesting for the plain old leaders who are only too eager to Korean pastors as they shepherd spread their communistic doctrines. their flocks. For example, Pastor The Korean jails are full of young Yum, of the Taiku West Church, Socialists at times, and among ·has about 1,500 adherents to his these some Christian students often organization. Most of them are are found. In our church work we poor and from the more ignorant occasionally meet youns- socialistic a~riculturallife of the community.

THE STRUGGLE OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS

They have been Christian for well-educated generation of pastors years. They can read and know must immediately work in with their Bibles well. They are hard these older faithful servants of God working, honest, faithful Chris- or turmoil will arise. But just at tians of the older generation. But this time, when the church schools there is also a group in this large should be doing their best work in church composed of college gradu- furnishing ample younger leaders, ates, teachers in the schools of poverty within the church and Govhigher learning, doctors from the ernment regulations have almost hospitals, business men, several overthrown the mission schools. hundred students and the progres- For several years, Korea missionsive element of the younger Chris- aries have been crying out despertian community. Pastor Yum has ately for financial help for educathe impossible task of preaching tional work to meet this very crisis. regularly to this congregation com- The schools have not all been saved posed of these two distinct ele- yet, and the chief appeal from Koments, riding two horses at once. rea today is for money for equip- His training amply qualifies him to ment and buildings which will enminister to the larger, older body able the mission schools to receive of his congregation, but the young- official designation as qualified er, progressive group, full of ideas schools so that their graduates can from the ends ·of the earth, tempted be granted standard diplomas. The with wild ideas from Russia, alert completion and maintenance of an to every failure to appreciate mod- adequate force of younger, well ern scientific knowledge as they equipped ministers for their wonhave gotten it in Japanese schools, derful Church is the most urgent is somewhat beyond him. task before the Korean Church to- day. All over Korea there are similar churches. This situation constitutes The evidences of God's direct a crisis for everyone of these older working in the midst of the turmoil pastors and a crisis for the whole and destruction of ancient Korea, Korean Church, for the younger, creating out of the best of the old DR. AVISION, PRESIDEN'£, AND THE NEW CHOSEN CHRIS'l'IAN COLLEGE At tbe lett are Mrs. PiersoIl and Rev. and Mrs. W. J. Anderson

Orientiallife, and Christianity, one awakened the nation to a new life purnew life in the body of the Church pose. The infusion of Christian ideals of Korea, are clear and inspiring. gave to it a new birth . . . The per- As Luther gave the Germans the sistently active minority have already Bible in their own tongue and re- made themselves felt among their nonmade Germany, the Bible Society Christian neighbors. The rebirth of a has given the Koreans the Word of nation in the heart of the Orient, the God in their own language in a rousing to new leadership of a people beautiful translation. This Bible once spiritual leaders in the Far East, has become the foundation of the who, through the fire of a new zeal new life of the great Christian com- are impelled to proclaim to others munity of Korea with its churches their new faith, is the story of Chrisand schools. Wherever among the tian expansion in Korea. nations that Bible has gone, the great teachings concerning God Dr. Paik's faith that "to the reand His loving control of the world generated Christian community the He created, the theistic conception future belongs" in his country, may of the universe, have set men free be better grounded than he realizes. and led them to an enlightened civi- It was only a few months ago that lization and ·power. The words of an unnamed writer in the New that Book, which have become the York Times gave it as his opinion daily meat of multitudes of Korean that Christianity had already atlives, have given a new moral sys- tained predominant influence retem to the world-sin as a personal ligiously in Korea. Out of the 20,- offence before God, truth as coming 000,000 Koreans, not more than from God, righteousness as the law 500,000, or one in forty, at the of God-these illuminated by the highest estimate can be regarded as Holy Spirit have brought repe)lt- really Christians. Nevertheless, if ance to Korea. Never did the Spirit hopeful, living, influential religion of God convict men of sin, of right- is meant, we may rightly regard eousness and of judgment more Christianity as the most vital repowerfully than in Korea. All Ko- ligion in Korea today. Just how rea, in fact all the world, has seen wide an influence Christianity also this and righteousness has a new has upon the multitudes who seem witness. to have no religious habits, it would be vain to guess. But the forty-six Professor L. George Paik, Ph.D., years of Evangelical Christian acin the final paragraph of his "His- tivity in Korea have been a large tory of Protestant Missions in Ko- factor in changing the mental and rea," sums up his conclusions as spiritual horizons of the whole nato conditions in his native land to- tion. day as follows: The Gospel of Grace that the Ko- When Korea was opened to the West, rean Church has found in the Bible, the greatest change wrought in the which centers in a Saviour able to life of the people was the introduction save them and all men, has filled of Christianity. Evangelical Christi- their lives with new hope and joy anity entered the country when it was and has inspired them to go out still an independent nation . . . An- to spread the Glad Tidings and to nexation in 1910 was only the culmi- reach helping hands of mercy and nation of the long processes of decay kindness to those about them peroriginating before the opening of the ishing with their ancient temples country. The intercourse of the West

THE STRUGGLE OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS

and hopeless religions. The glad profound witness to the Faith. songs of their great Sabbath con- The convictions that God is creatgregations, the power of their ing a Church for His own purposes Gospel preaching, the efficient in Korea fills the heart with wonder organization of their nation-wide and confidence. There are grave Sunday-schools, their home and problems, there are breakdowns foreign mission work, their gen- and heartaches, but they are not erous enthusiasm for better church the rule. The Korean Church is a buildings, their longing to educate glorious miracle of God's grace, their children, their loving com- full of promise and life in the midst munity fellowship all exhibit a di- of the present Oriental Renaisvine origin and control and are a sance.

.It WOMEN 'S SUNDAY-SCnOOL GA'l'HERING A'l' A COUNTRY CJIAPI~L , PYENGYANG THE SINGING OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS NOTHING stirred us more deeply in Korea than the singing of the Chris- tians. The voices were not melodious and they did not always keep the key, but the singing plainly expressed the aspirations of a fervent and genuine experience. Those Koreans sing as they pray- with all their hearts. Unfamiliar as the language is, a visitor is thrilled by the exultant ring of a living, joyous faith. The mud walls and the dark faces and all the strange surround- ings fade from view and one feels that he is no longer among strangers but in the household of Christian faith and love.

I have journeyed far and, have seen many places and peoples, but there still lives to my vision the humble chapels on those Korean hills, with worship- ping Koreans sitting oriental fashion on the fioor and I still seem to hear the unison of those eager voices as they sing; then follows the reverent petition of their leader as he prays for us all, while the white-robed worshippers bow with their faces to the fioor. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

A FORWARD STEP IN

BY DR. H. C. TUCKER, Rio de Janerio, Brazil Agent of the American mble Saciety T HE Protestant Pastors' As- of the Church's mission in the sociations in Rio de Janeiro world.

and Sao Paulo, Brazil, held Emphasis was also placed on the an important Evangelical Congress great need for more thoroughly April 30th to May 4th to discuss equipped native preachers, teachevangelism, Christian literature, ers and lay workers in all branches social service and training of lead- of church life. The need for apoloers. Three sessions a day were getic literature was stressed.

held in each of four leading On the last evening an audience churches, Presbyterian, Methodist, of a thousand or more filled the Congregationalist and Baptist. A auditorium of the new Baptist Methodist layman, former Gover- church, and the time was devoted nor of one of the States of the Re- to three-minute testimonies from public and member of the Federal members. Senate, Dr: Nestor Gomes, was elected President. The attendance This Congress was a striking, of the enrolled members and visi- concrete proof of the new contors varied from one hundred to sciousness springing up in the one thousand. young Church in Brazil. The rising Church on the field passes out of The twenty-five well-written the sphere of missionary control. papers, voluntarily presented by The various bra n c h e s of the Brazilian Christians, covered fif- Church realize more clearly the teen topics and presented a sug- need for cooperation in delivering gestive cross section of Brazilian to their fellow countrymen indievangelical thought. The six larg- vidually the message of the living est evangelical denominations in Christ and in making the impact Brazil were represented in the of the Gospel felt on the whole executive committee, the member- social and economic order of the ship, the authorship of papers, and in the discussions. Thus the Con- nation. gress represented the denomina- The best of the papers pretional elements of evangelical Christianity in the Republic. sented and the findings of the com- missions and the choicest of the Evangelism and the Gospel Mes- impressions given of the Congress sage were given first place on the would make a volume of great program and were emphasized as value to the Christian community of prime importance. There are in- and to many outside church circles, dications of an awakening interest if funds are available for their in real evangelism. The findings publication. One of the greatest on Social Service reveal a clearer obstacles to the intellectual life of comprehension of the principles the young Church is the lack of and message of the Gospel, and evangelical literature to win men the duty of the Church to society. to Christ and His way of life and The salvation of the individual was to enrich the spiritual life and given preeminence in the program build character in the Church.

492

THE POOR BE CHRISTIANS?

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia Missionary of the Reformed Church in America T HE effort to satisfy and quiet We live in a world that is poor one's own conscience by con- and not rich. If I could take you fessing other people's sins is to Muscat you would see real pov- a favorite amusement the world erty in the hospital where I have over. We who reckon ourselves been working for the past two as of the conservative wing of years. How many beds do we have present-day Christianity are espe- in that hospital? None! The pa- cially guilty in that particular. I tients sleep on the floor. That have often heard the faults of need not excite our pity unreason- "modernists" discussed by conserv- ably for they do not know what a atives, but I do not recollect hear- bed is like. But of two hundred ing conservatives discuss the faults in-patients last year, not one had a of conservatives. It would be very mattress an inch thick under his . easy to say, why we are convinced body. They lay on those ha:rd that the extreme "modernist" has stones with nothing under them as little to contribute to the success of thick as my coat. Most of them lie foreign missions, but the pathetic on a little piece of cloth about as thing is that conservative evangeli- thick as your pocket handkerchief.

cal missionary forces seem to ac- They have not financial resources complish so little. The mission enough to put anything soft under fields are full of earnest evangeli- them. They have neyer had any- cal, conservative men, and we need thing soft in their life anywhere.

to consider how we can improve What do they eat? They scarcely the quality of our service, and eat anything. If a physiologist whether perhaps we do not need came from one of the American to understand more perfectly the universities and lived in Muscat he will of God, rather than castigate would need to revise his minimum our brethren who we think under- standards of living. He would stand it even less well than we. find that people can exist on less Consider what is the evangelical food than he supposed was possi- position in missionary work. We ble. Those Arabs come with their might mention three elements: resistance to disease so far reduced first, that we preach a message by chronic starvation that a tiny from God which is found in Christ; scratch on a man's ankle will grow second, that that message is ca- into an enormous ulcer three pable of producing repentance to- inches in diameter, in spite of all ward God and faith toward our I can do to stop that dangerous Lord Jesus Christ; third, that process. That man has not had this faith results in eternal life for enough to eat for ten years, be- any who accept it. That seems to cause that section of Arabia has be the merest platitude. As a mat- not had a normal rainfall for ten ter of fact, it is not a platitude. years. As a result the wells have • 'j'he second lecture tlelivered at Princeton dried up and the date gardens have Seminary in If'ebruary, 1931. died. The people who lived in that 493

district have moved away, some to desert, you would see a type of Zanzibar and some to Muscat. poverty equally severe. Here is a Some have died where they were, Bedouin tent made of black goat's and the country has become poorer hair. What furniture has it inside?

and poorer. When those men have It has three sticks crossed, with a a slight attack of diarrhea, a few skin basin on top, two or three days later they are taken out and water skins, and a battered, miser- buried. That is the chief cause for able-looking coffee pot. Over in mortality in the Muscat hospital. one corner there are one or two When men's resistance is so far re- quilts. They used to be red but duced from chronic starvation they now they are dirt color. They are simply cannot stand up against any only ragged pieces of wadded cot- type of infection. ton; that is all there is left. In Why do not these men keep a that tent lives a man and his wife little cleaner? They cannot keep and probably one child or two of clean. "Let them go and buy a the half dozen that have been born piece of soap in the bazaar for five there. Everyone of them is a pic- cents." They cannot buy a piece ture of marasmus and emaciation.

of soap in the bazaar for five You can count their ribs as far as cents. They have not the money. you cali see them. Those two chil- .

What does this man eat? Per- dren have lived because they were haps he had something to eat to- a little bit tougher than the half day because he picked up a little a dozen that died.

work in the bazaar. He carried This poverty is not confined to four or five sacks of rice from one Arabia. In India you would find shop to another and earned three a very large section of the popula- or four annas (5 or ten cents) so tion almost as poor as that. When he bought a piece of bread and a I first visited India I remember handful of dates. He may have sitting in the office of one of our had something to eat yesterday, missionaries who had charge of too, but the day before yesterday an industrial plant, and super- he did not, and he does not know vised the village work. Two In- whether or not he will have any- dian villagers came in. They were thing to eat tomorrow. He cannot outcastes, dusty and dejected, and go down and buy five cents worth as thin as matches. They stood of soap. there, wearing no clothes except a The community is so poor that loin cloth. The weight of all the it cannot be healthy. In Muscat, troubles of the world .seemed to where I work, most of the babies rest on their shoulders.

die. There is a good deal of tuber- This is the condition of the ma- culosis. There are all kinds of dirt jority of people with whom the and filth. Those men carry around missionary enterprise is concerned.

a large, well inhabited and prosper- That picture of poverty might ap- ous city in their hair and in their ply to large sections of the popula- clothes and in their bedding. The tion of China, of Persia, of Turkey, reason is the povert,,- of those peo- and of Africa. Missionaries work ple. What would you do if you among people that are poor, as a could not have a piece of soap all rule, not among those that are year long. rich. In Arabia the people are If I were to take you into the desperately and terribly poor.

CAN THE POOR BE CHRISTIANS?

Probably seventy-five per cent of among whom the m iss ion a I' y the missionary work in the past works. We must therefore adapt has been among the poor. our message and our work to meet This poverty is not a passing this situation.

condition. In Arabia the poverty What problem does that raise in is not due to the inefficient use of regard to the missionary enter- natural resources. We get, on the prise? Look at these people as average, one inch of rain a year in they lie on the floor in the Muscat the Arabian peninsula. That one Hospital. They cannot read and inch of rain governs the economic: they cannot write. They are dirty.

status of those people. It has not That man has not had a bath for changed since the days of Abra- six months, and his head is full of ham. If the Lord wills He can lice and his clothes the same. It is change it, as the Arab would almost impossible for him to be say, but He has not willed it for anything else. Can a man who is two thousand years, and there is too poor to keep clean be a Chris- no indication that He is going to tian? Can that Bedouin woman will it in the near future. If arte- out there in the desert that has to sian wells could be dug and pro- wash her hair in camel's urine be duce lots of water, the country a Christian? Is it possible for would be transformed, but it is not Christ to put radiant, eternal life likely that will happen. If oil is into the hearts of people who are discovered, it will be a different as poor as that? To my mind that country, but it is not probable. If is about the most serious problem physicists find some way to trans- that the evangelical missionary form sunlight into electrical energy enterprise faces today. Is it pos- then Arabia may some day become sible for such a man and such a the power house of the world, but I woman to be Christians?

do not suppose that will happen The Outcaste Villagers either. Arabia will some day be- come a Christian nation, or at Look at that outcaste Indian vil- least we will have a glorious Chris- lager. He does not read; he does tian church, but the country will not write; he works as a scaven- be as poor as it is now. ger or for a landowner. He has no When those Arabs become ear- clothes except a loin cloth, and per- nest Christians, the women of the haps an old cloak. He and his wife desert will still have to wash their and three or four children live in a hair in camel's urine, because there single room with a mud floor and is no water for that purpose. one little window, and a door. Can Babies would still die for lack of a family that lives that way be a suitable food because there is no Christian family?

suitable food there. The men I said to one of the leading mis- will look like gaunt, walking sionaries in South India, "Look at skeletons with a little skin on the this poverty around here."

outside, because there will prob- "Yes," he said, "but when a man ably be no more food to fatten them becomes a Christian, we educate after they are Christians than him and train him and get him into there is now. a better economic stratum than he The first picture I want you to was in before."

see is the extreme poverty of those The problem is this: can those

men be Christians in their present keep your temper." The Indian economic status'/ In Arabia, at does not think so.

any rate, when we have thousands The church in the East will be of Christians they will still be poor. oriental in its viewpoint and inef- Their economic status can not be ficient in the way it does its work.

raised very much by becoming If we say, "If a man cannot keep Christians. It must be possible to clean he cannot be a Christian be- have a church that is dirty; a cause cleanliness is an essential church membership that does not part of godliness," then at one get a bath once in three months on breath we have admitted that Hin- the average. Their hair is full of duism and Mohammedanism are undesirable citizens, because they religions better adapted to ninety cannot get soap and water. per cent of the people of India and Moreover, these Christians can- Arabia than is Christianity. We not read nor write and from your have admitted that Mohammed and standpoint and mine, their actions Krishna offer a better message for are childish and oriental. "What those people than Christ. do we mean by that '/" Here is an The average missionary will say, "Of course we will educate Indian who is working for a mis- those people." That is true. The sionary. Both are Christians. The mass movement in India creates a Indian is guilty of petty dishon- tremendous need for education. esty. Perhaps he told a lie and We take a low caste convert and took ten cents that did not belong by main force set him in an eleto him. The missionary lost his vated economic stratum, because, temper and scolded him. Later the according to the average run of missionary hears himself under missionary thought, he cannot be discussion, and the man who has a good Christian otherwise. Our been scolded says, "Now look at missionary educational institutions this. Just now the missionary are based on the belief that the caught me in a small fault. I had Christian community must be edutaken ten cents and I denied it. cated and that it cannot remain Then he lost his temper and scolded Christian otherwise. This means me. Now he thinks that he is a that their economic status must be Christian and I am not." raised if they are to be Christians.

To the Oriental, stealing ten Christ and the Poor cents is wrong and telling a lie is wrong, but it is not half as wrong This seems to be a departure as losing your temper. In the list from the will of God as represented of the fruits of the Spirit the sec- in the example of Christ, because ond place of importance, namely, Christ did not find much in com- the end of the list, is given to the mon with the rich. He threw His virtue of "self-control," but the vir- lot in with the poor. He said, tue of telling the truth has no place "Blessed are ye poor for yours is in that list of Christian virtues. the kingdom of God." I do not The fruit of the Spirit is love and suppose the poor people in Galilee joy and peace and long suffering, were clean then any more than they and it ends up with self-control. are clean now. Jesus said, "It is You say. "It is surely more impor- easier for a camel to go through tant to tell the truth than it is to the eye of a needle than for a rich

CAN THE POOR BE CHR.ISTIANS?

man to enter into the kingdom of church will appear as a result.

God." You and I would reverse What kind of a church? A church that and say, "It is easier for a that is to be made up of poor peo- camel to go through the eye of a ple, dirty people, people who can- needle than for a very poor man to not take baths, who smell bad, illit- enter into the kingdom of God." erate people who do not know much See how poor he is and how filthy about this world, who cannot read his house is and look how dirty he any newspaper—-childishly orien- is! How can he be a Christian? tal people. That is the way they That seems to be the meaning of look to us, though I do not suppose our present mission policy. there are any childish Orientals in We send out college trained mis- Christ's mind. But the vision be- sionaries and book-selling colpor- fore our eyes is a dirty church, an teurs and we organize schools and illiterate church, a childishly colleges for the education of the oriental church, and at the same converts. Whom do college trained time a church radiant with the missionaries most easily work eternal life of God Himself. Just among? Why of course among as certain as we gather in the college bred Arabs, only there are poor, as Christ wants us to, as none as yet.. They can find college Christ Himself attempted to do, trained Indians, and can work the church inevitably is going to among the most educated that a answer in a general way to that particular community contains. description.

I believe our mission in Arabia This raises at least two problems has a higher standard of language for us who are Christians, espe- attainment than any other with cially those whom God calls into which I am acquainted, yet I do not missionary work.

think that we have one missionary The first problem is the type of who is able to present the Gospel church we will try to produce. Will intelligibly to the wholly illiterate we try to reach the poor, the ninety classes. We present the Gospel to per cent of the population? Will men of education and refinement we try to reach the whole of the and travel because it is easier for people? Have we a faith in the for a camel to go through a needle's universality of Christ? Can eye than for a poor man to enter Christ save those who are poor, into the kingdom of God. We do the ninety per cent in India and not even know how those poor Arabia? Have we faith enough men's minds work, so we center to believe that this is possible?

attention upon those who are rich. The second problem is that of If, indeed, we gather in any poor, presenting the Christian message then we try to make them rich so to such men. I wish that you could that they can stay Christians. That see the simplicity and power of the is our present lack of faith. Mohammedan presentation to a What Kind of a Church ~ new community. Their creed is condensed into the simple words: ?I'

Now turn to what I regard as "There is no God but Allah."

the true vision which must be be- Babies are sung to sleep with that fore us when we undertake mission- creed before they know their ary work. We go out to the Orient right hand from their left. As to win disciples to Christ and the sailors work in Arabia and pull the 2

sails back and forth, they chant I doubt if there was a college grad- this creed; when laborers carry uate among them. I am rather their great burdens through the ashamed to think that I could sit bazaar, they chant this creed. through that service and not even When a sick man is ready to die, a say "Halleluiah" or "Thank the friend turns him on his side so that Lord." Those people were gaining he faces Mecca and leans over and by that kind of religious expres- shouts in his ear "Ashed," (Bear sion, reinforcement of their Chris- witness). That dying man, as he tian faith; and they were going out draws his last breath says: "There to be earnest and effective Chris- is no God but Allah." Then he tians in New York City.

tUrns over to die. Why might not poor people in The power of Mohammedanism Arabia and India be appealed to rests to no small degree in the more effectively by that type of simplicity and directness of its im- presentation? In Arabia, in the pact on the human mind. It has no days of the Mohammedan new year complexities. It is a simple Chris- celebration, I could show you some- tian message that we want; a mes- thing very significant. We have sage that is as direct and as two kinds of Mohammedanism- positive as' that. To carry out to the orthodox, geometrical, hyper- primitive and poor people the com- Calvinistic type – Sunniism – plexities ot" theological controversy where the sovereignty of God is is as intelligent as to take those emphasized to the obliteration of complexities to a class of six-year- everything else. We also have a old Sunday School children. We heretical development of Shiism need to teach them as we would there which resembles the Roman children – Who made you? God. Catholic Church in many ways. It Who saved you? Christ. A mes- has an elaborate ritual and a com- sage out there as positive and plicated system of saints. Ortho- simple as the Mohammedan mes- dox Mohammedanism is as color- sage. less emotionally as the stiffest What emotional coloring do poor Presbyterianism, whereas the more unlettered people like the world ritualistic Shiism is as emotional over? We conservative Christians as the Pentecostal church.

are too provincial. How many of At New Year in Arabia you will you have ever made it a point to see a tremendous procession and watch other types of religious ex- they have a theatrical representa- pression? In New York, not far tion of the sufferings of their from the Pennsylvania Station, saints, Ali and Hasan and Husain.

there is a Pentecostal church. If Here is a float with children dressed you would like new light on some in black and all crying most piteous- of these problems, attend the ly for water. Here is the corpse of a young people's service. You will sheep. His head is struck off just have a new sensation. The little before the procession starts and room is crowded with two hundred, the blood spurts out over a distance nearly all young people. When a of six, seven, or eight feet for the man leads in prayer, he has to first thirty or forty feet of the pro- shout to be heard, because their cession. A whole company of type of religious expression is very sword dancers dress themselves in vociferous. They are poor people. immaculate white robes and then

CAN THE POOR BE CHRISTIANS?

cut their foreheads with swords of an iceberg, has suffered defeat. as they march. Blood runs down That ought to be a lesson for us. all over those white clothes and What those people want is a relithey are a gory-looking mess. gion with an emotional outlet. The thing that would interest you That is a very unwelcome type of is the reaction of the thousands of doctrine to most missionaries of people who look on. They weep the Reformed Church. and sob, and during that week of celebrations there is an emotional Missionaries Who Weep outlet which surpasses anything I have ever seen. Throughout the What sort of a presentation of whole year they have readings the Gospel should we have? We about once a week where the same want some missionaries out there thing is done in a smaller way. I who can weep when they preach used to sit in an upstairs room in about Christ. That is a type of the house, that served us for a hos- missionary that we need added to pital in Katif, and watch them in the missionary force today. The the courtyard below. A man sits Indians weep easily. Why should upon a high, elevated chair, and he we insist upon committing the misreads in a lOUd voice. The men sit sionary enterprise to stoics who around and outside is a ring of have lost nine tenths of that women in black. They all sob and mobile, flexible sympathy that weep for half an hour. When the makes a religious message attracemotional outlet has been adequate, tive? Why should not men weep the service stops and it breaks up when they tell about Christ's sufwith handshaking and greetings. fering? The poverty-stricken peo- ple we work with out there are ap- In Arabia there is a steady drift pealed to by that presentation. from the orthodox Mohammedan- Why was it that Methodism swept ism of the desert, that geometrical America? It was not because of Calvinistic Sunniism that is the its stoical self-control! We need foundation of Islam, into the camp to learn from the past. of this ritualistic, highly emotional religion. There is no drift the What, then, are the implications other way. Wherever the two va- of an evangelical missionary enterrieties of religion co-exist, the la- prise? They are, first of all, a mesboring people and the artisians and sage suited to men that are poor the poor are Shiites, held by the and not to men who are rich, to emotional, ritualistic religion. The men who are illiterate rather than landowners and the ruling families to men who are educated, to men are generally the orthodox Sunnis. who are dirty rather than to men That means that the cheap, emo- who are clean, and an emotional tional faith of Ali, the Shiah rather than a stoical presentation, gospel, has won victory after and the vision of a church radiant victory over the orthodox, cold- with eternal life but oriental and blooded, philosophical Mohamme- different from ourselves. danism. There are millions of Shiites out there now. The Gospel That is going to take faith on of Christ is incredibly superior our part, and for those of us who from every point of view but, look forward to participating in dressed up in the emotional clothes the missionary enterprise it is go- ing to take preparation of a type different from what is taught in

the seminaries. You and I are en- from the notion that it depends gaged in carrying the Gospel not upon financial status and rememto a few but to everyone; we be- ber that Christ has His greatest lieve in the universality of Christ, love and His deepest interest in and we must 'become somewhat the poor. Therefore, we must have universal ourselves. It is our pro- our deepest interest and our greatvincialism that we must struggle est love for those that are poor. If against. We have clipped the mes- we do that, the missionary entersage down into our own measure, prise will be different, but it will and we must expand it to the meas- be according to the mind of Christ ure of Christ. We must free it and, therefore, it will be better.

"IF"-FOR MISSIONARIES "If you can hear God's call, when those about you Are urging other calls and claims on you: If you can trust your Lord when others doubt you, Certain that He will guide in all you do: If you can keep your purpose with clear vision, Bear lack of sympathy, yet sympathize With those who fail to understand your mission Glimpsing His world task through your Master's eyes, "If you can work in harmony with others Yet never lose your own distinctive aim, Mindful that ever among Christian brothers Methods and plans are often not the same: If you can see your cherished plans defeated And tactfully and bravely hold your peace, Nor be embittered when unfairly treated Praying that love and good-will may increase.

"If you can trust to native Christian brethren The church you've built in lands across the sea, Seeing in them, as your growing children Promises of the men that are to be: If you can lead these eager weak beginners By methods indirect, your life, your prayer, For failures and mistakes not judge as sinners, But make their growth in grace your earnest care.

"If you can share with the humblest folk your virtue: If noble souls are richer for your touch; If neither slights nor adoration hurt you, 'If all men count with you, but none too much': If you can fill your most discouraged minute 'With sixty seconds' worth of patience true; Yours is the task, with all the challenge in it, You'll be a missionary-through and through." -Evelyn H. Wal,ntsley. Nanking, China. (With apologies to Rudyard Kipling.)

KAGAWA-JAPANESE

TO THE POOR* BY THE REV. H. W. MEYERS, D.D., Kobe, Japan Missionary of the Prcsbytcriflln Ohurch, South, 189"1 M ANY people have tried to de- up by relatives in the adjoining scribe Kagawa by compar- island of Shikoku. Here he went ing him with St. Francis, through the primary schools, and with Gandhi, or Sundar Singh, at the age of thirteen he came to with Gompers, or Origen, or with live with a wealthy uncle in the city some medieval mystic or fiery mod- of Tokushima, entering the middle ern evangelist. But Kagawa is dif- ferent; you must construct a brand new pigeonhole if you expect to fit him into it, and after you have fin- o ished, as likely as not, you will find him sitting on the outside. You can describe him as a poet, a novelist, an economist,a philosopher, a Christian socialist, a philanthro- pist,a statesman, a labor-leader, a mystic, a pastor, an evangelist, or a modern saint. And when you have said all this, I still wonder if the pigeonhole is big enough to hold your man.

Kagawa first saw the light and raised his voice in protest against the indignities and discomforts of this wicked world in July, 1889, and he has been protesting with a good deal of effectiveness ever since. His family was old and wealthy, but his father had lost heavily in specUlation on the rice market, and had turned to an ex- press company fOir his living. The standard of strict monogamy was school one year below the legal age rarely maintained among the upper limit. He inherited a good mind, a classes in Japan forty years ago, frail body, a legacy of wealth and and young Kagawa's mother was success, and a tradition of decidednot his father's legal wife. In such ly lax morals. His was not the encases the child was commonly vironment from which one would adopted, especially where the legal expect to find a great moral leader. wife-as in this case-had no children. So Toyohiko was adopted by My first contact with Toyohiko his father and sent to be brought was in the home of Mr. Katayama, a Christian teacher of English in a *From lVorld Dominion, London. middle school, who called on the 501

little fellow to show his proficiency posterous, and could not be con- in English by reciting the story of sidered seriously. Among young how Kate rescued a train from de- Toyohiko's many excellent qualities struction in a midnight storm. might be counted an exceedingly Toyohiko's first touch with Chris- hard head, and the family failed tianity came through Mr. Kata- utterly to make him move an inch yama, and through an English from his decision. At last his uncle Bible class; his keenness for Eng- told him that if he wanted to throw lish insured his regular attendance his life away in any such manner, at the class. One Sunday he ar- he could get out of the house. They rived at my home in a state of great would have nothing more to do excitement, and began to sob as he with him! And so he was turned tried to tell me what was the mat- out of his home without a penny. ter. He had just read the story of A very few years later he came the Cross of Christ, and, like the back to Tokushima as the guest of the city, and was greeted with an Apostle Paul, the love of Christ arch of triumph, and fireworks, as constrained him. That Sunday was the city's most distinguished citithe turning point in his life. A zen! few months later he was baptized, and from the'first he was intensely What was it that lead this boy of eighteen to give up the life of ease active in the Sunday-school and in and success that his family planned all the work of the church. His for him? What has inspired all the whole nature responded to the ap- great renunciations through the peals of Christian love, sympathy and purity. Though still a mere ages, from Moses to Saul of Tarsus, and on down to Francis of Assisi, boy, he was always ready to take and Charrington's renunciation of part in the church services or in the brewery millions in our own street meetings. time? We can only say that it was the call of God and a vision of serv- The next crisis in Kagawa's life ice. came at his graduation from the middle school, when the question of That first summer was spent in his further study and life work my home, and for two months we arose. He had graduated third in were together constantly, teaching, his class of a hundred and fifty, and the only reason he failed to lead preaching, visiting and making bithe class was that he had been read- cycle tours through the country. In ing omnivorously outside the cur- the autumn he was sent to Meiji riculum. His teachers and family Gakuin, a Christian college in Torecognized that he had a brilliant kyo, where, after some vicissitudes, mind, and they expected him to he was graduated two years later.

acquire fame and fortune in public The next step was his theological life. Imagine their indignation and education in the seminary in Kobe, disgust when he announced his de- which was interrupted by an attack cision to become a Christian min- of tuberculosis and an enforced ister! His uncle had been mayor year at the seaside. During this of the city and a member of the year, spent among the fisher folk House of Peers. His father had held of Gamagori, in a hut that he rent- an office corresponding to a cabinet ed for fifty cents a month, Kagawa minister. This idea of becoming a learned two great lessons that have Christian minister was simply pre- helped to shape his after life. More

TOYOHIKO KAGAWA-JAPANESE APOSTLE TO THE POOR

than once he came face to face with to live in one of those six-foot death, and learned that for him it rooms in the slums? Some of his had no terrors. His whole after life people were hungering for a better has been spent with the conscious- life, and there was not one spot ness that he has "crossed the death- where they could be free from the line," as he expressed it. The other temptation and evil about them.

great lesson that he learned was to We felt that he would not live three know and love the poor people months if he went to the slums, among whom he lived. He wrote where the death rate was six times their letters, taught their children, the rate in healthy parts of the sympathized with them in their city. But he went, and spent nine troubles, and learned the details of years witnessing for Christ among the family skeletons that were to be outcasts, lepers, beggars, gamblers, found in almost every home. thieves and murderers. And this In his last year in the seminary was a young aristocrat, brought his health was better, but he was up in the home of a millionaire!

still far from well. Kagawa had As his work and influence grew, been going down every afternoon the first room soon became too to the Shinakawa slums and small to hold those who came to preaching to the crowds on the him, so a second and a third room street corners. In this section is were rented, and the partitions be- the famous-or infamous-Htwo- tween them were pulled down, mat" district, in which there are making a fair-sized assembly room.

hundreds of one-roomed houses, Sympathetic friends felt that it each room six feet square, contain- was a privilege to have a part in ing two of the three-by-six-foot such a work, and gifts amounting mats found in all Japanese houses. to a considerable sum were sent to These houses face upon alleys three him by Japanese as well as foreign- to six feet wide, that are filthy be- ers. But for a long time Kagawa yond description. Sometimes fam- lived on about a dollar and a half ilies of five or six persons are found of American money a month, giv- living in one of these tiny houses in ing away many times this sum to which babies are born, invalids the poor and suffering about him.

languish and the sick die, all in In the cold weather he would give crowded confusion. Naturally most away all his clothes except what he of the inhabitants of this human was actually wearing. In order to rabbit warren are the very poor, make it possible to get his clothes the unemployed, the sick and the washed he kept an extra suit at criminal. What chance has a girl my home where he could not give it or boy in such surroundings to away, and we made him come up grow up clean and healthy? and have a change once a week.

Kagawa preached on the street Kagawa's day in the slums usual- corners to jailbirds, gamblers, ly began at six in the morning with prostitutes and drunkards. His a preaching service on the streets, words brought many to conviction at a spot where the laborers gath- and tears, and they would beg him ered before going out for the day's to help them to live a better life. work. This was followed, by a What could we in the seminary do round of visits to the sick, giving when he came asking permission to financial aid to as many as pos- leave the dormitory, and go down sible. He conducted and financed

scores of funerals. He took in all was old man Maruyama, perhaps who asked for a place to sleep until the laziest mortal that ever existed.

there was no more space on his Out of the goodness of his heart floors, and occasionally one of his Kagawa took the old fellow in, guests would depart, carrying off after which he refused to work or some of his few belongings. Not even to beg. He would just sit infrequently he would have a guest around and eat and sleep, and suffering from some loathsome dis- scratch. Then, there was the tiny ease. One young fellow conceived baby whose mother died, whom Ka- the bright idea that he would like gawa temporarily adopted. He got to be employed as a sort of superin- some condensed milk and fed it, tendent, drawing a salary and but he succeeded none too well, and wearing a suit of foreign clothes. as soon as possible sent it on to its Kagawa gave him his only suit of relatives living elsewhere. "The foreign clothes, an old school uni- baby wept, and I wept," he told me form, but there was no salary to in recounting this experience.

be had even if the fellow had been But along with these bitter exthe right man for such a position. periences in the slums, there were Finding his requests refused, he many that made his heart glad. went out and· drank a lot of sake, There was the bean-curd peddlar bought a vicious short sword, broke Veda, who came to Kagawa after into the room where a prayermeet- drinking and gambling away everying was being held, and threatened thing he possessed except the very to kill Kagawa and all the rest. He dirty shirt that was his only gar- kicked over the hibachi aNd scat- ment. In a drunken brawl he had tered coals of fire about the room! received a gash across his face that He was finally pacified and gave up caused his eyes to point in different his sword, which I have in my desk directions, and made him look like now. Kagawa did not want to have the cut-throat he really was. Veda it in his house. was really converted and became Another of Kagawa's uncomfort- a power of righteousness in the able protegeS was a big, burly slums. He soon "made good" finan- gambler, named Kodera. He had a cially, and until God called him complete gambler's outfit of cards home he was an earnest Christian and dice, and had served several and an effective street preacher.

terms in prison after police raids Among the brightest pictures in on his games. He was touched by my memory are some of the meet- Kagawa's preaching, and in a peni- ings held in those Shinakawa slums tent moment handed over his cards of Kobe. The Sunday mornirig -to which I fell heir, as in the meeting for worship was regularly case of the big knife. But Kodera held at six o'clock, as this was the had no real change of heart-and quietest hour of the day. In sum- he looked with greedy eyes at the mer it was earlier. On Sunday money which he saw Kagawa hand- nights evangelistic services were ing over to the sick and starving. held, when the room would be When Kagawa refused him a packed. On Wednesday nights a "loan" of fifty yen, the big fellow prayer meeting was conducted, knocked him down and went out in and on other nights a night school a rage. was held and the boys who attended Another very troublesome fellow were given regular high school

TOYOHlKO KAGAWA-JAPANESE APOSTLE TO THE POOR

courses in a number of branches. a series of articles entitled, "Japan One of these slum boys now holds Seen Through a Crack," which exan important position in the city cited much interest. His first book employment bureau, and is an in- of real importance was entitled fluential Christian. I used to help "The Psychology of Poverty," to teach classes in English in this which was an original study of night school. life among the poor, with a pro- gram of reform. This was a rather The prayer meetings which were expensive book, but it sold through held there were unique, and some- scores of editions, and established times positively thrilling. Imagine his reputation as an authority. One sitting in a circle on the fl-oor with worthy official in social work used fifteen or twenty men and women, a whole chapter of this book, witheach one of whom had a criminal out acknowledgment, as part of his record or a tragic history. Most of own report. them had served one or more terms in prison for gambling, theft or But the one book that did most murder. Some of the women had to establish his fame and extend his been prostitutes. Some had hus- popularity was an autobiographical bands in prison. There was one novel called Shisen Wo Koete, or whose hubsand had been in a gam- "Across the Death-line." This book bling party when the police raided sold through nearly four hundred the place. He made a wild dash editions, and brought its author an for the stairs, tripped on the top income of thirty thousand yen for several years, all of which he gave step and broke his neck as he fell away as fast as he received it. to the bottom. The hymns sung at Great numbers wrote and told him these prayer meetings might be de- that they had decided to become scribed as making a joyful noise to Christians through reading this the Lord. They could hardly be book. Its popularity has insured a called music. And the prayers were wide reading for all the books he such as I have never heard any- has since written, numbering nearwhere else. Those people had never ly fifty in all. As an illustration of heard of the formal "prayer lan- Dr. Kagawa's versatility, at the guage," so they talked to the Lord time when this novel was being in their own everyday speech. printed he had three other books in the press: a book -of poems, an es- They would tell the Lo'rd with ap- sayan economics, and a book called palling frankness of their sins and "How to Teach the Life of Christ temptations, and beg for God's to Children." The range of his instrength to gain the victory over terests and the extent of his knowthese sins. There was a grim ear- ledge are most remarkable. nestness about it all that made one feel oneself in the very presence of After nine years in the slums he God. went to America, where he spent two years in study at Princeton While living in the slums, Toyo- and 0 the r institutions, making hiko Kagawa, through his writings, friends everywhere, and adding to gradually gained a wide circle of his enormous stock of encyclopredic friends and admirers all over the knowledge. Returning to Japan, country. He visited all the large he spent his first night among his cities of Japan, investigating the old friends in the slums, taking up conditions of the poor, and wrote for one of the largest daily papers

the work where he had laid it down During one of Dr. Kagawa's two years before. trips abroad, he was brought in contact with the Huguenot Church A new era was opened in Kaga- of France. He was told of their wa's life when he entered politics, churches and schools, their colleges and undertook to organize a labor and seminaries, their distinct literparty throughout the country, and ature and culture in a land that to raise the standard of living was largely Catholic or irreligious. among the working classes. He be- With a million or so members, they gan to organize labor unions every- are able to maintain and develop where, published a labor magazine, their religious life successfully, The and inaugurated a campaign for thought occurred to him that unless universal suffrage and for a change the Church in Japan can get a in the government's repressive attitude toward all labor movements. backing of a million members it The price he paid for this political can never maintain its position and activity was two weeks' imprison- wield its proper influence in that ment, several fines for dangerous country. With this thought in mind sentiments discovered in his writ- he returned to Japan to inaugurate ings, and an undeserved reputation a nation-wide evangelistic movefor being a dangerous radical. But ment, called at first the Million the interesting part of all this is Souls Movement, and later the Kingdom of God Movement. Dr. that his campaigns succeeded. The Kagawa is himself the soul and property qualification was removed center of this movement, and he and the franchise extended to near- has brought the message of the ly the entire male population. Fac- Gospel to vast crowds in all the cities of Japan. In addition to the tory laws were radically revised, spoken 'word, many hundred thouhours of labor were cut down and sands of his evangelistic books have living conditions were revolution- been sold wherever his meetings ized under Kagawa's leadership. At the same time, those in author- have been held. ity in Tokyo began to find out that this supposed radical was really In considering the life and work a constructive statesman, and a of Dr. Kagawa, it should never be mighty defence against the attacks forgotten that his work has been done in the midst of bodily weakof the followers of Karl Marx. ness, severe illness, and difficulties One of Dr. Kagawa's lines of ac- and handicaps that would have in- capacitated most of us. He has tivity is in the organization of a written a beautiful little book society which he calls Iesu no To- called "The Remaining Thorn," or mo, or the "Friends of Jesus." the "Blessing of Affliction," in Some of the members have never which he tells of his own sufferings been baptized as members of any from tuberculosis, from dire povchurch, though of course the great erty, from gradually approaching majority are church members. It blindness and a dozen other afflicis a band of men and women scat- tions, and of how the Lord turned tered all over the country who dedi- each of these "thorns" into blesscate their lives to following Jesus ings, and enabled him to rejoice in in helping their fellow men. The organization is of the simplest, but them all. the fellowship and the service are real.

A NEW ADVENTURE WITH CHRIST *

BY THE REV. PAUL J. BRAISTED, Judson College, Rangoon SOMEONE has said that we through the maze of our jangling have offered the world of our aspirations saying, "I am come that day a "Saviour too small for ye may have life and have it abun- the tragic necessities of life." dantly"?

The "tragic necessities of life," There is no cause for pessimism, how the phrase haunts US! To say unless our faith is inadequate for that a new world has come into be- the present demands-those "traging has become so commonplace a ic necessities of life." Any shallow thought that we are inclined to optimism will only lead us down neglect its urgency and true signif- long paths of bewilderment, and icance. This new day is not the sorrow and embittering disappointarena of conflicting world religions ments. But if we have learned as it has been in some periods of something of the fullness of Christ, recent history. Our new day has of His rugged simplicity, of His brought into startling clearness the deep interest in the actual problems necessity for facing the facts of of life, and if we have caught His life. The conflict is not between the spirit with its great natural affinity various faiths, but it is between the to human need, we are called indeed moral materialism, with the sub- into a new adventure with Him. sequent agnosticism of scientific But it must be an adventure with materialism, on the one hand, and Him, as He will lead. We must be the world of spiritual realities on prepared for new alignments, the other. This is the day when changing emphases, radical read- Christ should come into His own. justments it may be, anything at For here He stands, not the de- all, if so be that He may be known, fendant of His system over against and shared, and loved by our fellowother systems, but face to face with men of this day. human need. Here Christ is found living, creative and life-giving. The intellectual climate of the day is frankly sympathetic. It is We who are in Burma as His seldom hostile. A leading article ambassadors, are called by our in one of our Rangoon dailies is of modern kalredoscopic civilization to peculiar interest. It was entitled, a new adventure. Ours is the task "What ought we to believe?" Note of vitally relating Christ to human the question. It has nothing of the needs in its tragic necessity. What attitude of rejecting all beliefs or has Christ to say to human need? hostility to them. It seems to ask What will His attitude be to those us, what can we believe? What is who feel bound in the unsatisfying it necessary for us to believe? What and dim chambers of a seemingly tests can we place for our beliefs? inevitable agnosticism? What is To what extent can we believe? Its His mind? Do we hear Him speak- attitude is frank and earnest, but ing the words of liberation, of its final resting place, admittedly peace, of power, of new life! Is unsatisfactory, is an unstable ag- He not even now calling down nosticism.

• Extracts from an address delivered before This is but half the story. There the Baptist Missionary Conference in Rangoon.

507

is a brighter part, and one of When the rugged, stark realities of far greater significance. The writ- life wring from me the cry of hu- er of the above mentioned edito- man fallibility and utter need, what rial sees clearly that this is an age I want is someone who will put my which is seeking reality.. hand in the hand of my Father, Weare living in a world frankly God. I need Him. Nothing else will disillusioned, and ill at ease, dis- touch my deepest needs. And it is turbed at the loss of that which here that Christ brings me the cer- alone can make life completely tainty I need. For when I am near worth while. Agnosticism might be Him, and when the fellowship of a hard and cruel thing, unbending His gentle spirit is unclouded 1 before any appeal of religion or ex- know myself to be near to God.

perience or the spirit world. But We do not often think of the this recent agnosticism is a differ- other aspect, God's search for man. ent thing. It is eager, it is wistful, But there is the greater truth, that it is on a search. It is hopeful that the loving heart of the Eternal is some way may be found for belief. out to reach us and bring us into a It is half expectant that the future full life of fellowship which shall will hold some new belief which mean life in its overflowing fullwill bring back into life all the ness. The Father seeks us down the beauty that it may contain. Here long years through a humiliating is willingness to believe and an incarnation, across the plains of anxious search after that which our human aspiration and need, may be safely believed. into the long nights of human guilt This is the day in which to turn and sin and despair, and finally men's hearts and minds to Christ, toils up a lonely Calvary that His not only encourage them to study love might be blazoned to all the His teachings, and become familiar world. Here then is love. Here is with the events of His life, but we must demonstrate in an appealing something big enough to meet our way the life which is in fellowship need and the need of the whole with the ever living and preser!t race. Robert E. Speer has said that Christ. What is desperately need- every discovery of God on the part of man must of necessity be a reveed in the present situation is Life; lation on the part of God. This is and Life can only be communicated a very profound truth. What is through lives, lives saturated with the aspiration and upward surge of Him, and radiant with His love the human heart but the irresistiand health. I know of no way in ble drawing of Him who said that which darkness and death can be He would draw all men unto Himchanged except by Christ. self. Christ in His great work is In India I used to find large num- trying to bring men to the Father's bers of Indians eager to discuss the heart. And on the other hand in different ways to God. Their at- Him we see the Father reaching titude was that of admitting any out to draw men, to uncover His new way to God if only the other essential nature. In Christ we have alleged ways to God were not de- all. There is one place where hu- nied. These discussions about the man need and the loving heart of number of ways to God are futile. the Eternal meet, and that is in It ends in intellectual gymnastics. Christ. BY LOIS J. ELDER, New York Travel£ng Seoretary of the Student V"I1lnteer MQvement I T HAS been said that each gen- may in their turn "junk" the re- eration returns to the ideas of ligion, morality, and thought of its grandfathers. While this their immediate predecessors as simple statement might rightly be thoroughly as their fathers challenged, still. if we are closely scrapped that which preceded to examine the present trends in them. Such people as Dr. Harry thinking among college students, it Elmer Barnes and Mr. H. L. can be found to possess a modicum Mencken, greet this reversion to a of truth for us now. We have been "midVictorianism" of thought reminded over and over, almost ad with alarm; others hail it with a nauseam, of the reaction against deep sigh of relief; still others all orthodoxy, religious or secular, wonder whether this destructive which came at the end of the peri- process must again be repeated or od dominated by the ideas of the if, given proper direction, we may ultra-conservative, pre-war genera- hope that they will strike more of tions. The next generations re- a happy balance between over-con- jected the orthodoxy of this group servatism on the one hand and un- because they knew that it did not checked liberalism on the other.

possess all of the truth concerning Christian missions were among religion and life. They rejected the many aspects and expressions the partial and, to them, mistaken of religion which were subjected comprehension of God, the morbid to the destructive criticism of the and "repressed" morality, the ways post-war generation. Naturally of thinking and what was to them people who were avowedly social- the" incomprehensible vocabulary istic and humanistic in outlook of the Victorian generations. This could not readily understand, still reckless junking of old ways and less fervently support, a program thoughts did achieve for men a whose slogan was "The evancommendable freedom of interpre- gelization of' the world in this tation of their lives but it also generation" and which was moti- helped to establish a materialistic vated by a zeal to redeem the regime in a world ruled by science heathen 'peoples of the earth by and big business. We now shudder preaching Jesus Christ and Him at the results. crucified. The emotional motiva- At present, however, a new tion of such an undertaking was as group of students is entering into foreign to them as was the vocab- another era of life and thought. ulary in which the purpose was ex- They are again questioning the pressed. Therefore we had a sharp conclusions of this modern group decline in the missionary enter- and are looking for their own an- prise which showed itself in the swer to the everlasting question, failure of the home churches to "How shall we live?" To many support the existing missions fi- thoughtful and well informed ob- nancially, and in a marked de- servers it seems that these students crease in the number of students 609 who offered themselves as candi- sharing. Whatever the reason or dates to carryon and advance the thought behind it, the fact is that mission work. For some time it students today are becoming gen- has taken a great deal of optimism uinely, if slowly, refired with mis- and steadfast belief on the part of sionary passion.

the faithful missionary leaders not Another contributing factor to to resign themselves to the popular the recent unpopularity of missions belief that foreign missions were, has been the current misconcep- if not already, "done for," at least tions of methods used in the enter- very rapidly coming to that state. prise. Much of the prejudice against In the eyes of the average young most causes can be attributed to person the movement was passe ignorance of the fundamentals un- and anyone who was naive enough derlying those causes. So it has to believe in it or fanatical enough been with missions. Many of the to give his talents to promoting people here at home, who have been the work on the field, could be most destructive in their violent treated only with an amused con- criticism of missions, have been tempt. Missions. and missionaries those who knew little or nothing were not "modern"; they could about the real workings of the mis- not in the very nature of things be sion. Somewhere or other they considered "liberal" in thought have gained the impression that and, worst of all, they were guilty the only interest of aU missionaries of the heinous offense of trying to is a "nose counting of saved souls"

force their ideas about religion and and that the only means taken to life on other peoples who should be achieve that end is that of exhor- left free to practice their own be- tation. Their common conception liefs. On these and many other of a missionary is that of a pale, scores missions were tried by this long-faced, black-clad, militantly "modern" and "liberal" genera- "holier-than-thou" person who tion, found guilty, and sentenced knows little and cares less about to die a natural and rather rapid present trends in world relations death. and world thought. We can little But now these same people who blame anyone for not being at- are being alarmed at the thought tracted to such a picture of mis- of the contemporary reversion to sions and missionaries-I doubt what they label as a midVictorian whether I have painted it in strong philosophy of life might be just as enough colors. During the last few surprised to find that the body of months my time has been given to missions in which life was thought traveling around among the col- virtually extinct is beginning to leges and universities of the United show renewed life to a startling States and I have naturally met degree. It would seem that these hundreds of people who might fair- present students think that possi- ly represent the average point of bly these "moderns" have been as view. Many of these people have mistaken about missions as about frankly admitted to me that they other things and that it is perhaps had always held just such an opin- an enterprise which has something ion of missions. But the hopeful real to offer to them and the world thing about it all is that most of at large and one in which they them seemed quite willing to might find a real satisfaction in change their attitudes after they had listened to a presentation of have had another experience which the widely inclusive program of seems to me to be cause for re- modern missions and found that it joicing on the part of those gen- embraces work as varied as the uinely concerned over present in- agricultural work done by Sam terest in missions. Frequently Higginbotham in Allahabad, India, when I was to speak before a stu- the educational work done in the dent body the learned older profes- mission schools from Kobe, Japan, sor in charge of the program would to Santiago, Chile, and the power- take me aside and say kindly, ful evangelistic and social work of "Now, if I were in your place, I a Kagawa. would tell them something about But here again we find a differ- Persian life and customs in a gen- ence in the attitudes and reasons eral way and not say anything for attitudes on the parts of the about missions. I know from past younger students. Due to various experience that if you say that you factors the students entering col- are going to talk about missions lege just now are much better in- that half of them will go to sleep formed about the nature of mis- and the other haIf will put books sion work and are, therefore, more up in front of their faces and pro- kindly disposed toward it than ceed to study their lessons during those of the last generation or two. your talk." I have replied quite They have grown up, to be sure, kindly but firmly that I would like under the tutelage of this older and to try and see whether they would bitterly opposed generation and act in this way (just to carryover therefore are somewhat predis- some of our beloved scientific meth- posed to look upon missions od of trial and error, if for no other through their eyes. But an in- reason). In every case the profes- creasing percentage of them have sor and I, and perhaps the students a passing knowledge of the various also, have been pleasantly sur- kinds of mission work and of the prised to find that we have had kind of person who is best quali- neither a study hall nor a class in fied to undertake this work. Many relaxation while they had a chapel of the students have read and talk on missions. It is quite true thrilled over such books as "The that in talking to them about mis- Splendor of God," "Aggrey of Af- sions I have used a vocabulary rica," "Seven Thousand Emer- (minus some of the more flagrant alds," and "Waste Basket Surgery" and jangling forms of collegiate to mention only a few of the more slang) which was approximately commonly read books. This read- the same as that which they use on ing may be limited in its scope and the campus. None of us could get may not present an all around pic- excited enough about some cause ture of missions, but who would to give our lives to it if we heard say that it is not encouraging to that cause presented in Latin or find them reading even a limited some other language with which amount of such reliable and en- we had only a bowing acquaint- lightening literature on modern ance.

missions? This is a big step in ad- My conclusions, after a brief vance of the lack of information of but rather intensive acquaintance their fathers. with students during the last few Several times during this year I months, would be: First, that the advance guard of ward missions and are becoming the more thoughtful of the younger more and more willing to give the students just now, having found cause a hearing and, after the hearthat the scientific attitude toward ing, their allegiance. Most of them life is far from being either wholly are still too much under the influsatisfactory or from offering the ence of their sociology to adopt any entire solution of human well being such slogan as "The evangelization and happiness, is turning back to- of the world in this generation" but ward that way of thought which there is one minor prophet who characterized the people one gen- would like to predict that, even eration removed in the past. while they keep the sociological background, they will eventually Second, I believe that, as they espouse a missionary cause-and change their outlook on the other possibly adopt another missionary phases of religious life, just so are slogan with a great significance. they changing their attitudes to- A DAYBREAK PRAYER-MEETING IN KOREA BY MRS. W. D. REYNOLDS, Pyengyang, Korea ADAYBREAK prayer-meeting in Korea is a never forgotten sight and thrill. Before the time for service to begin, we are obliged to enter by the pulpit door, as there are no seats elsewhere. We see one thousand women sitting as close together on the floor as they can get-a veritable sea of white headdresses. On the other side of the church are about five hundred men.

All are sitting quietly waiting for the speaker to begin. There is no oonfusion, no whispering. All sit quietly, hugging themselves, for the early mornings now are cold.

Evangelist Kim Ik Dan begins with a hymn, prayer, and the Scripture. He speaks earnestly and sometimes dramatically. There is not a sound in the audience except an occasional cough and now and then a baby is heard, but its mother quickly quiets it with a little of nature's good baby food, and nobody is disturbed.

The evangelist calls for everybody to pray and immediately a burst of sound like the roaring of waves fills the church, yet there is no excitement or confusion. After about five minutes of this prayer, Pastor Kim begins to sing, and all join. At the close of the hour he says, "Those who must leave, please go out quietly." A number, mostly women, rise quietly and leave. He then continues talking or praying or answering questions as long as anybody remains.

This wonderful scene is in a city which thirty-five years ago had never heard the Gospel. Evangelist Kim is a magnetic, earnest and dramatic speaker. He goes about alone to fill his engagements-no choir, no pianists, no assistant teachers. He carries the simple message of the Gospel.· During the evangelistic meetings he has conducted the 6 a. m. prayermeeting, two Bible classes each morning from 10 to 12, at 6: 30 p. m. he preaches for an hour at the Central church to a packed house, and then goes to the West Gate church and preaches at 8 p. m. to about 1,500 people.

During one of his Bible classes, a man a-sked him why God did not speak directly to us as he did in days of old. At once Pastor Kim said, "Come up here, brother." The man went up, and Pastor Kim made him come up in the pulpit where all could see him, and then he held his open Bible close to his face and said, "God is speaking to you in these sixty-six books; what more could you want?"

KEMP (STANDING) AND TilE S'l'UDENTS AT THE AUCKLAND

A "SCHOOL OF THE PROPHETS"

IN NEW ZEALAND Spiritual Training in the New Zealand Bible Training Institute A FEW years ago the Baptist Hostel was opened on March 1, Tabernacle at Auckland, New 1923, with five resident students. Zealand, was the scene of a With no proper dormitory or class spiritual quickening which called rooms, and with very limited ac- together daily a number of kindred commodation the housing condisouls for prayer. Once a week a tions were far from ideal. few ladies met to pray that the way might open for the establish- A building overlooking the West- ern Park was secured and adapted ment of a Bible school for the to the work but soon became very training of Christian workers. inadequate. Every available space There was need for such a school was required for use as sleeping in New Zealand. A meeting of quarters. business men was called and the Both men and women soon outpastor, Rev. Joseph W. Kemp, laid grew their quarters. In answer to the project before them. As a re- earnest prayer, and through the suit sufficient support was prom- generosity of the friends of the Inised to justify publicity being stitute, a site was purchased and given to the project. There was a simple but well equipped fireopposition and it was clear that if proof building was erected and Satan could have prevented the opened free of debt on August 20, launching of the Institute he would 1927. The large attendance at the have done so. Finally the Insti- opening attested the place which tute was opened on March 1, 1922, the work had gained in the con- with six young men students and fidence of the Christian people of four young women registered as New Zealand. This new home pro- nonresident students. Further ap- vides separate rooms for about plications were received, and in a sixty students. One wing is deshort time the number had grown voted to women, and the other to to thirteen. A Young Women's men. It has also a dining room, 3 513

kitchen, lecture room, social rooms, the "Personal Christian Life" administration offices and accom- course, many problems are faced modations for the staff. Ever since and the Word of God brought to the opening the Institute has been bear on the life and walk of the filled with a fine body of students. believer, often with revolutionary The Institute is in no sense in force. The monthly all-day of competition with existing theo- prayer is a strong factor in this logical schools or denominational development. colleges. While it does not attempt Previous to the establishing of to give only academic training, the the Institute young men and young preparation received is by no women desiring such training had means superficial. Tho r 0 ugh to seek it either in America or Auscourses are provided for a prac- tralia. Now New Zealand can tical knowledge of the English train its own workers and the Bible. This is preeminent. Not graduates testify to the great help only are the students instructed in received for service both in the what the Book contains but they home field and in foreign missions. are also encouraged to test for These young men and young womthemselves the truth of its con- en are now serving in India, China, tents. Such a study gives the stu- the Sudan, Mexico, Papua, Solodents a comprehensive grasp of the mon Islands, AUstralia, South entire Scriptures, with opportu- America, and Canada. Several are nity for original search. The books ministers of different denominaof the Bible and the great doctrines tions in New Zealand and some are dealt with systematically and work among the Maoris. The definite recognition is made of dis- course on Missions gives those in pensational truth. New Testament this "School of the Prophets" a Greek is also studied and current world-wide vision. The Institute, theological problems are met in lec- being interdenominational, works tures on the Bible and science, in harmony with all Evangelical criticism, evoIutinn, and false re- Churches and Christian Missions ligions. Students are not left in which are true to the Faith. doubt as to the truth and have to The faculty of the Institute is meet forces destructive of faith. made up of those of unquestioned The study of practical methods of loyalty to Christ and the Bible and Christian work includes sermoniz- thoroughly competent as teachers. ing, evangelism, prayers and other The Rev. Joseph W. Kemp, pastor activities of the Christian worker. of the Tabernacle, has acted as Especial emphasis is placed on Honorary Principal since the inwhat Thomas Boston called "The ception of the Institute, and as Art of Man Fishing" for no train- teacher of Homiletics and Syste- ing can be complete without a matic Theology. Mr. J. O. Sanders knowledge of how to win souls. left the legal profession to act as Students are shown how to deal Secretary-Treasurer. Mr. C. J. with various classes of enquirers. Rolls, the Dean, has recently gone A course in English is prescribed to America but Mr. H. Yolland is and particular attention is given to proving a valuable teacher. Other the public reading of the Scrip- members of the faculty include tures. The spiritual life of the Rev. Evan R. Harries, of St. James students is of first concern and in Presbyterian Church; Mr. E. M.

A "SCHOOL OF THE PROPHETS" IN NEW ZEALAND

Blaiklock, M.A.; Dr. William H. The students regularly engage Pettit. Supplemental studies are in active Christian work in Auck- dealt with by occasional lecturers land and the vicinity. Several city who are all loyal to the faith and churches welcome their help in who stand four-square on the great Sunday-school work and as leaders fundamentals. of Bible classes. Open-air evan- All applicants for admission to gelism is carried on in one of the the Institute are required to accept busiest thoroughfares of the city the following statement of faith: and house-to-house visitation helps 1. The Bible as the Word and revela- students gain experience in dealing tion of God, and therefore our only final with a vast variety of human conauthority in matters of faith and conscience. (2 Timothy 3: 16: Psalm 119: ditions and problems. ll.) An Extension Department of- 2. The Deity of our Lord Jesus Christ; fers opportunity to teach, preach that He is very God, by Whom and for Whom all things were created. (John 1: and publish the Word of God be- 1-14; John 14: 9.) yond the confines of the classroom.

3. The virgin birth of our Lord Jesus Bible lectures are given in various Christ; conceived by the Holy Spirit, centres and a Bible Correspondence and therefore God manifest in the flesh.

(Isaiah 7: 14; Matthew 1: 18-25.) Course offers systematic Bible 4. Salvation, by divine sacrifice. "The study to hundreds who might Son of God gave His life a ransom for many; and bore our sins in His own otherwise be without such help.

body on the tree." (John 6: 44-69: 1 The Institute mag a z i n e, The Peter 2: 24.) 5. Our Lord's physical !resurrection Reaper, finds its way into many from the dead, and His bodily presence lands for the promotion of Bible at the right hand of God, as our Priest and Advocate. (Acts 3: 12-26: John 20.) study, the cultivation of spiritual 6. The universality and heinousness of life, and the development of con- sin, and salvation by grace, "not of secrated service. Much Gospel litworks, lest any man should boast": sonship with God attained only by regenera- erature is scattered by students in tion through the Holy Spirit, and faith in their house-to-house visitation and Jesus Christ. (Romans 3: 10-26: Romans 6: 23.) open-air work. It is hoped that soon colportage 7. The personality and Deity of the Holy Spirit, Who came on the Day of work will be established to place Pentecost to indwell believers and to be the administrator in the Church of the good Biblical literature in the Lord Jesus Christ: and to reprove the hands of the people, and that evanworld of sin and of righteousness and of judgment. (Joel 2: 18-32: John 16: 8- gelistic campaigns may enable our own accredited evangelists to go 11; Acts 11: 1-24.) 8, The great commission given by our out to proclaim the unsearchable Lord to His Church to evangelize the world. (Matthew 28: 16-20: Acts 1: 8.) riches of Christ.

9. The second, visible, and imminent The New Zealand Bible Training coming of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Institute is a centre of Life, hav- ing within its walls those, who, Christ, to establish His world-wide Kingdom on the earth. (Matthew 24: 1; 1 when trained, are able to give to Thess. 4: 13-18.) 10. A heaven of eternal bliss for the every man a reason of the hope righteous and conscious and eternal punishment of the wicked. (2 Corinthians 5: that is in them and sending out for 1-10: Revelation, chapters 20, 21, and active service those who faithfully 22.) declare the truth of God, and with A departure from this position power preach the Word so as to is understood to be tantamount to prove it to be the "saviour of life a withdrawal from the active par- unto life." This work merits the ticipation in the work of the In- prayerful and practical support of stitute. the people of God.

CHRISTIANS LET THE

ALONE?

Editorial Reactions on the Atlantic City Conference H AVE Christians a debt to the Europe saw a new "Promised Jews or should we let them Land." Here they found freedom alone? from the restrictions of the "pale,"

There was a time when many and new opportunities for business who claimed to be Christians and for intellectual advancement.

thought that their logical, if not Few disabilities were attached to their theological, approach to the being a Jew in the new world, and Jew should be with sticks and in many circles they were received stones. In Europe, particularly, on equal terms with Gentile neigh- the Jew was despised and hated, bors. Wealth and power have added being looked upon as the natural to their prestige and thousands heir of all the curses that should have been advanced to positions of fall to the lot of those who cruci- high honor in business, education fied Jesus; their Messiah. But the and politics.

animosity was largely due to the But with separation from old re- fact that everywhere the Jew was ligious associations, and from so- an alien, a stranger in a strange cial restrictions and physical hard- land, with a foreign tongue, with ships, and with larger material peculiar dress and strange beliefs prosperity, multitudes of Jews, in and customs. In many places he their new land of liberty, have be- was segregated within a "pale" or come materialistic and irreligious.

a ghetto and did not mingle socially There are about five million Jews with the Christians. Persecuted, in North America today and not he was compelled to make a living more than one tenth of them are by driving hard bargains and to regular attendants at an orthodox beat Gentile competitors by the Jewish synagogue. Some have be- keenness of his wits. Many became come "Reformed Jews," without money lenders, bankers and mer- faith in the God of the Old Testa- chants and the greed for gold ment or in the coming of a prom- helped to make them cunning and ised Messiah. Others have joined shylockian. As a result the Jew the ranks of Christian or mental was misunderstood, suspected, science, Ethical Culture and other feared and hated by all "Chris- modern cults, while thousands tians"-their neighbors in particu- have become Christians.

lar. Hebrew traditions and training The questions arise, what reli- led them to reject Jesus as their gious duty has the Christian in Messiah and the treatment they re- America toward the Jew, what ceived persuaded them that the re- claim has the Jew upon the Chris- Jigion of Christ bred hatred and tian? The vast majority of the cruelty and contained no good Jews take the position that Chris- news, no revelation of God and no tians have no such duty and that way of life for them. the Jews should only be given a In America, the socially down- fair and equal opportunity to work trodden and persecuted Jews of out their own life and that no at- 516 tempt should be made to convince those who read papers and led dis- them that Christ is their promised cussions were Dr. Samuel M.

Messiah and Saviour. Zwemer of Princeton; Dr. Julius There are also Christians who Richter of Berlin; Bishop Nichol- oppose any right or duty to "prose- son of Detroit; Mr. Basil Mathews, lytize," or to do mission work author of "The Clash of World among the Jews, on the ground Forces" and other volumes; Dr.

that it is presumptuous. These James Black of Edinburgh; Mr.

claim that the only Christian ap- Kenneth Maclennan and Rev. C.

proach to the Jew should be to H. Gill of London; the Rev. Mr.

cultivate good will, to establish Carpenter of Warsaw; Dr. John friendly relations, to cooperate in McDowell of the Presbyterian the search for truth and in service Board of Home Missions; Dr. W.

to mankind. Douglas Mackenzie of Hartford; At Atlantic City, May 12 to 15, Dr. Joseph A. Vance of Detroit; there met a very important confer- Dr. Paul deSchweinitz of the Mo- ence of Christian leaders to con- ravian Church and Dr. Samuel Mc- sider this question of "The Chris- Crea Caverl of the Federal Coun- tian Approach to the Jew"-espe- cil. Dr. John Stuart Conning is cially in North America. It was chairman of the American Section held under the auspices of the In- of the Jewish Department of the ternational Missionary Council and International Missionary Council was ably presided over by Dr. and Dr. Conrad Hoffman, Jr., is John R. Mott. It followed and executive secretary. The Hebrew supplemented the 1928 conferences Christians present included the in Warsaw and Budapest, when the Rev. Max 1. Reich, the Rev. Paul questions considered related to the Morentz, the Rev. Henry Eins- Christian and the Jew in Europe. pruch, the Rev. Morris Zeidman of A carefully prepared program in- Toronto, and others. Gentile mis- cluded papers and open discussions sionaries to Jews also came from on such subjects as: The Validity Los Angeles, Chicago, New York, of a Christian Approach to the Philadelphia and Europe.

Jew; a Survey of American Jews A very valuable and extensive and Missions to Jews; The Jews preliminary survey, made by Mr.

in EUrope and their Relation to Charles H. Fahs of the Missionary America; Jewish and Christian Research Library, revealed the fact Relations; Christian Objectives in that the Jewish population of the a Ministry to the Jews; The Place United States and Canada has in- of the Jew in the Missionary Pro- creased in the past century from gram of the Church; The Local 16,000 (1826) to 4,228,029 (1927).

Church and Its Jewish Neighbors; It has more than doubled in the Jewish Converts; Training Jew- past twenty years. Twenty-five ish Leaders; Literature for Jews; cities in the United States each in- The Christian Message to the Jew, clude over 10,000 Jews in their and Cooperative Work for Jews. population.

The speakers and delegates in- Among these four and a quarter cluded some twenty or thirty He- million Jews in the United States brew Christians, pastors, editors, and 250,000 in Canada, there are beside Protestant laymen and only eleven Christian missions at women and executives. Among work in Canada and sixty-three in

the United States-in less than to them the God of their fathers thirty centers. This leaves over and the Messiah who is the fulfil- 160 centers where from one thou- ment of their highest hopes.

sand to thirty-three thousand Jews 4. The majority of Jews in reside, without any definite organ- America are not attendants at any ized effort to present to them synagogue and are fast drifting Jesus, their Messiah. Undoubt- into materialism, agnosticism and edly between three and four mil- atheism. They need to be brought lion Jews in America are practi- back to faith in God for their own cally untouched by definite Chris- sake and for the sake of their fel- tian evangelism. low men. All sinners need salvation.

5. The Jews are a virile race WHY GIVE THE GOSPEL TO JEWS? with remarkable intelligence, en- The purpose of the Atlantic City ergy and ability for leadership.

Conference was to discover the Many evil influences are at work true aim and objectives of Chris- tending to mislead them and, if tian witness to the Jewish people successful, will make them a men- of America and to consider how ace to society. It is a great oppor- this goal may be reached most ef- tunity and responsibility for Chris- fectively. That the Christian has tians to share with them all the a duty to the Jew is obvious on truth they have and to surround several grounds: them with the best, the most God- 1. Past persecution and antag- like influence. What a difference onism has misrepresented Christ it would have made if Karl Marx, and His Spirit and purpose so that Leon Trotsky and the leaders in Jews have been alienated from Russian atheistic communism had Him and from those who bear His been successfully brought under name. Christians owe it to them truly Christian influence.

to make up for past ill-treatment 6. The results of Christian work and misrepresentation and to make for Jews are an unanswerable ar- Jesus known in His true character, gument in its favor. While there mission and power. have been unworthy men and 2. Christians owe an inestima- women who have claimed to be- ble debt to the Jews for the Old come Christians, there are hun- Testament Scriptures and as the dreds of thousands who have found race through whom Christ came in Christ the fulfilment of their to reveal God and His way of life hopes and the answer to their for mankind. Jews were the first highest need. J. F. de Ie Roi, the missionaries of Christ to Gentiles. reliable historian, reports that 3. Christianity is not, in reality, 204,500 Jews became Christians in a religion alien to the Jews but is the nineteenth century alone.

the fulfilment of Judaism. Jesus These Hebrew Christians include said, "I came not to destroy but to leading statesmen, lawyers, physi- fulfill." (Mat. 5: 17.) He is pre- cians. scientists, historians, artists sented as the promised Messiah and Christian workers-men like and the Saviour of the world. Mis- Felix Mendelsohn, Alfred Edes- sion work among the Jews is there- heim, Johann Augustus Wilhelm fore not an effort to make "prose- Neander,Adolph Saphir, Benjamin lytes" or to alienate them from Disraeli, Samuel Schereschewsky, their ancient faith but is to reveal David Baron and others. There

SHALL CHRISTIANS LET THE JEWS ALONE?

are some 3,500 Hebrew Christians Since only fourteen, out of over of good standing in the Presbyte- one hundred, Protestant denomirian Church alone and many of nations in North America now them today are filling Protestant carryon organized work for Jews, pulpits. it is hoped that many more Chris- tian agencies will undertake such 7. God has, through Christ and work in some of the one hundred His Spirit, commissioned His fol- and sixty Jewish centers where lowers to carry His Gospel to none is now conducted. every creature-not excepting the Jews. Christ's disciples were sent THE NEXT STEPS "to the Jews first," and whenever the Christian Church has seemed The recommendations of the to forget her missionary responsi- Conference for making a more efbility, God has aroused her and fective Christian approach to the called forth missionaries to go to Jews in America include the folthe unevangelized. The Jews have lowing: first claim, not second claim, on Christ and His Gospel. The com- 1. Closer cooperation among all mand of Christ has never been evangelical agencies now engaged abrogated. . in this work. This is made possi- ble through the Jewish Depart- How shall the Gospel of Christ ment of the International Missionbe presented to Jews in America? ary Council and with the help of The conference confessed that the the able Executive Secretary, Dr. Spirit of Christ has often been mis- Conrad Hoffman, Jr., who will derepresented and that many wrong vote a large part of his time to methods and motives have been North America. used. Proselytizing was disapproved, if by this is meant an 2. A thorough study of the effort merely to increase the ad- whole situation, the aims, methods herents of one sect at the expense and needs. Preparation for this of another or to win converts in has already been made through the name, without true change of heart survey conducted by Mr. Charles and life. Any effort at bribery, or H. Fahs. subterfuge, any appeal to fear or to unworthy selfish motives, was 3. A careful study of the Chrisalso discredited. The one aim of tian literature prepared for Jews, Christian work among Jews is to with an elimination of that which make known to them, by word and has lost its effectiveness, a selec-' deed, Jesus as the true revelation tion of the best now available, and of God, their promised Messiah preparation of new books, songs and Lord and their personal Re- and leaflets to fill the present need. deemer from sin, its power and its penalty. 4. Arrangements for the train- ing of Christian leaders in Jewish Emphasis was put on winning mission work-both Hebrew and men to Christ through friendship, Gentile-so that they may be prethrough the manifestation of a pared to work acceptably among Christlike life, and through per- all classes. sonal witness to His power and the satisfaction found in Him. 5. Special attention to be given to the large number of Jewish stu- dents in American colleges and universities-some of which have 25% or more of this race.

6. The arousing of the Christian in Him their Messiah, their Savchurches, and of Christians every- iour and their Lord. where, to a new sense of obligation for promoting goodwill between Good News and Goodwill to the Jews and Gentiles and the privi- Jews, published in Toronto, says: lege of witnessing to Christ, in the Spirit of Christ, to Jewish neigh- THE BUSINESS OF THE CHRISbors. An effort to awaken denominational age n c i e s and local TIAN CHURCH Is churches to a sense of their respon- Not to Americanize sibility to so present Christ to Not to Canadianize Jews in America that they will see Not to Gentilize Not to Proselytize BUT TO EVANGELIZE THE JEWS.

A NOTABLE HEBREW CHRISTIAN The Story of Sabeti B. Rohold of Haifa SABETI BENJAMIN ROHOLD with Christians. In that beautiful was born at Jerusalem on Feb- spot, the so-called Garden of Geth- ruary 20, 1876, and died in semane, I one evening met two Cairo, Egypt, on February 14, servants of God who began speak- 1931. He was the son of Rabbi ing to me. At the time it seemed Naphthali Rohold, and while still that I had gone into the Garden a young man became a Christian. merely by accident, but now, as one He lived to become a valiant wit- looks back over the past, it can be ness for Christ, and a leader in clearly seen that a loving unseen the Hebrew-Christian movement Hand was guiding me. These two in Palestine and beyond. Christians explained to me from His father and mother found the Scriptures how that Jesus of deep satisfaction in their rabbini- Nazareth is in very deed the prom- cal ancestry and other religious ised Messiah, Israel's greatest associations, and they sought to hope. As they reasoned with me, train their family, of whom Sabeti there was one passage of Scripture was the youngest, in the way of which I could not get over, that Jewish tradition. According to 'The Sceptre shall not depart from custom they looked upon Chris- Judah, nor a lawgiver from be- tianity as a system of idolatry. tween his feet, until Shiloh come; Mr. Rohold himself wrote: and unto Him shall the gathering "Truly my parents loved me very of the people be.'

much, and did all in their power to "With this new light upon the educate me in what they believed Word of God I was given to under- to be right, and their one desire stand that the promises regarding was that I might occupy the seat the Coming One told not only of of my dear father, of which all my His glory and majesty, but also of teachers gave them full hope. Thus His suffering and death (Isa. 53 the early part of my life was spent and Ps. 22). Slowly I began to in study within the home circle. see how great and true Jehovah is, "It was in the year 1893 that I and how that His Divine Word re- had conversation for the first time garding the Messiah has been Iiter-

A NOTABLE HEBREW CHRISTIAN

ally fulfilled in Jesus Christ. I by the presence of Christ, and en- saw my helpless condition, and couraged by kind friends in Eng- realized, as never before, that my land, he kept on his way.

own righteousness was as filthy Not long after his conversion rags. And, oh, what joy came to Mr. Rohold came to England (in me when the gracious promise of 1897) and devoted himself to stud- God was fulfilled, a promise which ies in preparation for a missionary came to me now with such a new career among his own people.

meaning, 'a new heart also will I Mter some time in England, he give you, and a new spirit will I entered the Bible Training Insti- put within you; and I will take tute at Glasgow; and later took up away the stony heart out of your active service, being for ten years flesh, and I will give you a heart of Superintendent of the Bonar Me- flesh. And I will put my Spirit morial Mission to the Jews in Glas- within you.' (Ezk. 36: 26, 27). gow. He then went to Canada, at Having, then, accepted Jesus the call of the Presbyterian Church Christ as my own personal Sa- of the Dominion, and there he viour, I began to wish that my founded in Toronto the first He- own loved ones might know Him, brew-Christian Synagogue. He whom to know is life eternal. But was one of two Hebrew-Christian I feared to tell them of my new- delegates to the World Missionary found treasure, and it is impos- Conference at Edinburgh in 1910.

sible for me to describe the unrest From Canada he went to Haifa, and agony of soul that I passed in 1919, and with great energy, he through in consequence." built wisely and well on the foun- In answer to prayer for guid- dation of a small mission begun by ance, Rohold received as from the the late D. C. Joseph. As the years Lord Himself the word given to have passed, friends of the British Abraham of old :-"Get thee out Jews Society have followed with of thy country." (Gen. 12: 1.) It deep interest and sympathy the de- was a hard command to obey, but velopment of plans that have throwing himself upon the prom- meant great things in the vindica- ises of God, he started on a jour- tion of Christian witness in Pales- ney westward, at length arriving tine in times of unexampled sig- in England as a perfect stranger, nificance in the history of the Jew- not knowing the language, and ish people.

having no earthly friend. Rela- The work at Haifa, owed every- tives in Jerusalem urged him to thing under God to Mr. Rohold's return, and his father declared power of organization and admin- that his conduct would "bring istration, his leadership, and his down his grey hairs in sorrow to devotion to the Cause of Christ and the grave." Sustained, however, Israel.

"Now abides Faith"-the faith in God our Father in Heaven; the faith in Jesus Christ our Saviour; the faith in spiritual realities, the faith in life beyond the grave.

"Now abides Hope"-the hope in a brighter, better future; the hope for mankind and for the Church, based on the power and purpose of God.

"Now abides Love"-the love that Christ manifested; the love that serves rather than seeks to be served: the love that sacrifices self in order to save others.

OF THE

"The Nerve of Missions" Father; His knDwledge ''Of the "IDst" and shepherdless conditiDn 'Of men and One often hears that certain beliefs the o.nly way out 'Of that cDndition; and practices "cut the nerve of mis- and His love that led Him to live and siDns." Before making this as·sertiDn labor, to suffer and die for them. it may be well to inquire "What is the nerve of missiDns?" What is the vital The "nerve 'Of missions" in the case impulse, the controlling pDwer that of the Apostle Paul was the "love of stimulates and keeps alive Christian Christ"; it had its roots in faith in missionary activity? God and in His provision for the res- The great aim of missions is to cue of man from sin and its conse- win men tD GDd and His Way of Life quences. LDyalty to Christ moved the thrDugh Jesus Christ and Hi.s Gos- ApDstle to 'Obedience tD the Great pel. A necessary part of this prDgram CommissiDn; his personal experience is careful instruction in Christ's ideals made him a debtDr tD share his treasand program so as tD win men's sym- ure with 'Others; the sense of men's pathetic and intelligent cooperation dire need and the tove of Christ in in carrying 'Out all the implications his heart drDve him fDrward on his and consequences of His teachings. mission, regardless of DPPDsition, dis- But is this aim necessary to stimu- cDmfDrt or danger.

late the "nerve 'Of missiDns"? It is Shall we test 'Our motives, 'Our ef- acknowledged that many diverse mD- forts and our program by these stand- tives have led gDDd men and women ards? There are some cDlleges and intD the mission field-a lDve of novel- schools in mission lands, founded as ty and adventure; a desire to serve Christian missiDnary enterpries, that where the general need is greatest; have apparently IDst sight 'Of their the fDrce 'Of a perSDnality that makes main purpose. Their "nerve of mis- the appeal for helpers; a sense of duty sions" has been cut by a desire for or a false idea 'Of the true nature 'Of government subsidies, by an effDrt tD missiDnary work. The same mDtives maintain high S'cholastic standards; may lead one tD give mDney tD mis- by the appeal of numbers; by fear of siDns or tD establish a mi&siDnary in- criticism and to.S8 of influence. A stitution. larger number of missiDn schools and These are nDt the motives t'O which colleges, like the college 'Of Teheran.

Christ appeals. The basis 'On which Persia, and the UniDn Christian Col- He rests the whDle enterprise cDnsists lege 'Of PYe'Ilgyang, Korea, have put of three facts-first, GDd's love fDr aside these temptations and have- kept mankind and His prDvisiDn 'Of salva- alive their great evangelizing purpose.

tiDn thrDugh Jesus Christ; secDnd, There are some mission hDspitals persDnal experience of God and 'Of His where the "nerve 'Of missions" seems saving pDwer; and third, a deep CDn- tD have been cut by putting first victiDn that the supreme need o.f all scientific efficiency; by the effort to.

men is Christ and His Gospel, and a give medical service tD SD many pa- deep desire to. share with them the tients that the missiDn staff has no unique and lifegiving benefits. time for evangelizing, or by fear less The "nerve of missiDns" fDr Christ they be accused 'Of using medicine and himself ·seems to be clearly his great surgery to bribe patients to accept purpose tD carry out the will 'Of the Christian teachings. Many more hDS- 522

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

pitals, like that at Dohnavur, India, to help carry the Good News to every and others, work amid great difficul- creature. ties but, by prayer and testimony, seek first of all to win men and women to Life and power in the "nerve of Christ while ministering to their missions" depend more than anything bodies. else on the vital connection of the Branch with the Vine, the individual True followers of Christ, whether member with the Head, Jesus Christ. in America or in foreign lands, desire to live dynamic lives. They despise College Gospel Teams in Asia lifeless conventionalism. Every Christian who is spiritually alive and walks Student evangelism is growing in with Christ feels spiritual warmth and the mission fields. The idea of college a desire to win others. He knows that Gospel teams began in Burma and ha.s the only hope for true life, with joy spread to Siam, India and Korea. In and power, is in Christ, and so he is some colleges the results have been eager to share his knowledge with remarkable, according to the testimony non Christians. of Dr. E. Stanley Jones, W. E. S. Holland and others. New life has been There is great cause for encourage- awakened, the joy is contagious and ment that in most of the mission new Christian leaders are developed fields there are signs of a new awak- among the students. ening and empha.sis on the need for evangelism. Missionaries and native In Lucknow Christian College In- Christians everywhere are saying that dia, the members of the Gospel team, without evangelism, carried on with on student initiative and without misspiritual power, there will be no prog- sionary direction, spent many hours in res,s. In Egypt, India and other lands conference and prayer and then held special periods of the year are set a communion and consecration service. apart for intensive evangelistic effort. They adopted as their motto: "Serv- In India the Christians have stated as ice," and as the basis of their work: their objectives (1) every Christian "Friendship with God and with praying and witnessing to win non- others." Their ideal is expressed in Christians; (2) special teams visiting "Purity in word, thought, action, heart markets, railway statIons, schools, and character." Anyone who knows shops and homes; (3) public preach- India knows what a great contrast ing, singing and distribution of Chris- there is between these ideals and the tian literature by minister,s and lay teachings and practices of Hinduism workers; (4) Christian me.las and and of Islam. processions to attract public attention; (5) above all-continued public and But the Lucknow Gospel team does private prayer, by individuals and not seem to go far enough. They emgroups, that God will prepare and phasize externals. Among the rules guide the workers and the hearers, adopted for members are: Obedience and will bring home His message with to coIl e g e rules; cleanliness of power for the conversion of many. thought, word and deed; full and hearty cooperation; avoidance of The "nerve of missions" is cut by amusements of which Christ would ignorance, selfi'shness and sin. When not approve; respect for womanhood; the nerve is cut we experience the observance of the "morning watch." effects in a loss of vision of God and of man's supreme need of Him; a loss The pledge taken by members of of hearing that deafens us to the call the Lucknow team is as follows: of God; a loss of sensitiveness to our own hlessings received through Christ, Trusting in God to help me, I promise and indifference to the sufferings and to abide by the principles of the Gospel fate of those out of Christ; and there Team and sincerely endeavor to put into is a loss of motive power to impel us practice its ideals throughout my life. Nothing that I do will be done with a view solely to please people. I will strive to the best of my ability to keep clean

in thought, word and deed; to maintain denominaHonal constituencies to which brotherly love; to treat all women Il;nd girls with respect and honor, and to Wlll- they can appeal for support. They ingly accept punishment for any breach also put especial emphasis on prayer of Gospel Team rules. as the means of securing funds and While the purpose and plan of the workel's and usually have much less promotional machinery than the decollege team is commendable, this -statement as to the ideals and princi- nominational boards. The term "Faith Missions" has not ples of the association are u~fortu­ nately lacking in clear expreSSiOn .of been assumed by these missions themloyalty to Christ, the need of the hfe selves but has been given them by the that He offers or dependence upon Christian public to designate their the Holy Spirit for guidance and pow- policy regarding the financial support of their work. They hold the coner to win others to God. If this is not the basis and the power for the team viction that, through the voluntary of- ferings of His people, and in answer and its members; if it is chiefly a movement to promote personal purity to believing prayer, God will supply the needs of the work which is carand brotherhood, then it has no right ried on in obedience to Christ's comto be called a "Gospel Team" and comes short of being wholly Christian. mission. These societies do not resort to the method of raising money by Vital relation to Christ is a prime re- public appeal, nor do they borrow or quisite and. cannot be taken for go into debt. All in the "Interdenomgranted. If the omission of acknowl- inational Foreign Mission Association" edgment of entire dependence on must have an annual audit and pubIi-sh Christ and the Spirit of God is an an approved financial statement. oversight, then it should be corrected by mature and intelligent Christian – These societies also emphasize evanleadership. The College Gospel teams geJi.sm rather than general education of Burma and Korea have proved their as a method of missionary work; they loyalty to Christ and their spiritual adopt a strict doctrinal creed and acpower to lead others to Him. No less cept the Bible as the inspired Word definitely Christian aim and depend- of God. Living faith in Christ and ence can prove satisfactory. Why can His atonement for sin is accepted as we not have similar Gospel teams go- the only basis of man's ,salvation. ing out from Christian colleges in While some of these missi'Ons have America? not proved successful, their work, as a rule, has been richly blessed and Dependent Independent Mis- their dependence on God for support has proved to be practical. sions* The China Inland Mission, one- of Some of the most effectual evan- the oldest operated on this basis, has gelistic pioneer mission work has been been in existence for over sixty-five started and conducted on undenomi- years, another has operated for seventy national, independent or "faith" lines. years. The total income of fifteen mis- Among theBe societies are the China sions, that report for the last year, Inland Mission, the Africa Inland Mis- reached the sum of $2,029,436. The sion and some twenty others with E)stimated value of their property in headquarters in North America. They the various fields is $1,859,500 and the are not more dependent on God or number of foreign missionaries supmore conducted on "faith" than are ported by them last year was 2,208. many denominational societies, but they are unique in that they have no The Kwato Mission of Papua is onf of the younger undenominational mis- ~oklet giving facts about some of these sions. It includes Christians of many evangelical churches in its fellowship societies has recently been put out by the In- of praying and giving partners. It is terdenominational Foreign Mission Association of North America (11~ Fulton Street, New wholly dependent 'On God for guidance, York).

1981J TOPICS OF THE TIMES

for the supply of every need and for in the republic of Turkey; the Gos- success. Founded by Rev. Chas. W. pel of Mark in Aymara (an Indian Abel, among Cannibals, forty years tribe of Bolivia); the Gospel of Luke ago, a fine, strong, spiritual church has in handwritten Arabic script repro- been built up in Eastern Papua and is duced by photography to disarm the evangelizing the district. prejudice of conservative Moslems The fields where these missions op- against the typeset form of Arabic; erate are -scattered throughout the and the Acts of the Apostles in Chey- world, most of them lying in the in- enne.

terior of the continents of Asia, During the year 4,142 embossed Africa and Latin America. Stress is volumes of Scriptures in Braille and laid upon pioneer work in unevangel- other systems for the blind set a new ized territory. Some of the most dis- record for Bible distribution in this tant missionary outposts in the world form of Scripture. The Bible in whole are occupied by these agencies. or in part has now been translated into 906 languages and dialects.

Is the Bible Out of Date? But to sell or distribute large num- bers of Bibles and Testaments is one During 1930 the American Bible thing and to make sure that these Society distributed 12,035,133 Bibles, Scriptures are read, understood, be- Testaments and P.ortions, the largest lieved and obeyed is another. There in any year in the Society's history. are many unmistakable evidences The translation, publication, and dis- that the Bible is more in demand and tribution last year was in 285 lan- is more widely and thoughtfully read guages. In the United States also the than any other book. It is unfortu- Society reports the largest circulation nately true, however, that the Bible is in its history-four million volumes widely neglected and disregarded by in 135 different languages-more than those who profess to believe in it as a fourfold increase in ten years. the basic source of the Chri,stian re- The Society promoted Scripture dis- ligion. Even in our churches, an in- tribution in thirty-six countries and creasing number of preachers are tak- in addition cooperated with mission- ing their messages from literature, ary societies by making grants of politics, business and social life rather funds and of Scriptures in twelve than from the Bible. In too many European countries. A decline in cir- Sunday-schools less, rather than more, culation abroad below that of 1929 attention is given to Bible teaching occurred in China and Japan but there than formerly and while books about were substantial increases in Siam, in the Bible are increasing, many of them the Philippine Islands, and in the Le- are destructive of faith and fail to vant. G€neral Chang Chih-Kiang for bring out the spiritual teachings.

the third time made a large personal Some schools and colleges are syste- contribution toward the sale and dis- matically undermining faith.

tribution of Bibles in China. In Mex- The result of this neglect and mis- ico there was an increase of twenty- representation is seen in the modern five per cent and the revolution in downward trend in morals. The great Brazil afforded an opportunity for need .of today is not only the wide dis- distribution to soldiers in camps and tribution of the Christian Scriptures , hospitals. but a more earnest and effective move- The year 1930 witnessed publication ment on the part of preachers, teach- ~ for the first time of the following ers, colporteurs, missionaries and par- Scriptures: The Gospel of John in ents to increase interest in Bible Mam (an Indian tribe in Central reading, clearer understanding of its America); the Gospel of Matthew in meaning, more observance of its teach- Turkish in a new version and in Ro- ings and greater devotion to the Christ man characters now required by law who is the central theme. Edited BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK A MISSIONARY CANDLE LIGHTING When the first girl, representing SERVICE-Adapted October, comes down the aisle, a con- (This admits of changes to suit local cealed choir, accompanied by the or- conditions.) ganist or pianist, sings softly two verses of "Bringing in the Sheaves." Instructions: As audience arrives, The music for the rest of the months give each one a candle inserted in a is indicated below. These are only round piece of pasteboard to catch suggestions and other music may be drippings, and a copy of the hymn substituted. Start early to find your "The Light -of the World Is Jesus," hymns, for you may have to look also the following word of explanation: through many old hymnals to find This Candle Lighting Service is one some of them. "The Light of the in which we will all take part. The World Is Jesus," the first line of which large lighted candle represents Christ, is "The whole world was lost in the the Light of 'the World. It is placed darkness of sin"; is published in upon the Bible, the foundation of our "The Methodist Sun day S c h 0 0 I church. Twelve girls, representing the Hymnal." twelve unsullied months of the year, will state briefly some of the objectives of the Let October speak, lighting her Woman's Foreign Society and tell how candle as she does so, then step' to the the year may be kept pure for Christ right of the table. November should and the Church. They light their candles go to the left, December to the right, from this symbolic light of Christ and etc., until the 12 girls make a semi- carry that light to the persons sitting circle facing the audience. in the ends of each row. Those having lighted their small candles from the light After the last girl has spoken the which comes from Christ pass it on to girls go out into the audience, light- -the persons next to them and they on to ing the candles of the persons nearest others until every candle in the room is the aisles. Plan carefully for this part lighted. of the program so that each girl knows exactly where she is to go, and how Then will be sung the hymn, "The the girls are to assemble at the rear Light of the World is Jesus," during that they may come back to the front which time the audience remains seated. again in order and dignity. Each girl Each time the phrase "The Light of the must see that the candle she lights World is Jesus" is sung, everyone is lights the candle beyond, and so on. asked to raise their candle high, lowering it at the end of the phrase. When the semicircle is formed again at the front and all the candles Please keep your candle lighted, and in the room are lighted, then shall be when the choir begins singing the second sung, "The Light of the World Is verse of the hymn, "The Way of the Cross Leads Home," the audience will silently leave the room carrying the lighted candles out into the night.

Setting Jesus." As the phrase "The Light of the World is Jesus" is sung, let the Place a table in the center of the girls lead off in raising the candles room with a rich velvet covering on high, and the audience follows the it. Upon the table place a large Bible, example. The candles are lowered and on the Bible your candle stick, in simultaneously at the end of the which is a tall taper. Have in the phrase.

room no other light than this one At the conclusion of the last verse taper. of this hymn, the cross is formed.

526

METHODS FOR WORKERS

This must be carefully wDrked out and Order for Verses rehearsed beforehand for the success of the service depends upDn the im- 12 pressiveness of this part. The removal 11 of the table and the assembling of 10 necessary equipment must be done 8 65 79 quietly and without any confusiDn. Do 4 not extinguish the candle representing 3 Christ although it may be moved SD 2 that it does not interfere with the 1 cross formation. The first girl sits Verses: crosslegged on the flo.or, the second kneels behind her just as close as 1. "I am the Light of the World." possible, the third kneels on a stoDI, 2. "He that followeth me shall not and the fourth probably stands. See that each girl's chin comes just above walk in darkness but shall have the head of the one in front of her. the light of life." Numbers 5 to 9 form the arms of the 3. "In him was life, and the life cross; and 10, 11 and 12 the top. was the Light of men." The boxes and finally the table on 4. "That was the true light which which the girls stand may be carefully lighteth every man coming into concealed by' a white covering. These the world." sketchy directions will enable you to 5. "He that doeth the truth cometh use your own ingenuity in so arrang- to the light." ing the girls that their hands form a 6. "They that sat in darkness have perfect cross. seen a great light, on them hath the light shined." Each girl holds directly under her 7. "The Lord shall be to thee an chin a flash light which has been everlasting light." covered with thin white paper twisted 8. "Come, let us walk in the light of to a point at the top. When all the the Lord." girls are in place the first girl turns 9. "While ye have the light, believe on her light and repeats verse No. 1. in the light." When she has finished she leaves her 10. "Ye are the Light of the world." light on, and No.2 turns on her light 11. "Let YDur light so shine before and repeats verse N,o. 2, and that men that they may see your good process goes on till all the lights are works." on and all the girls have given a verse 12. "God forbid that I should glory of Scripture about light. save in the Cross of our Lord Jesus Christ." The beauty of the lighted human cross is in the absolute motionless- The Messages of the Months ness of the girls until the audience has left the room. The whole effect may be October-Music, "Bringing in the ruined by the turning of a hand or Sheaves." the tilting of a flash light. October is the month in which the After the last girl has spoken, "In Woman's Foreign Missionary Society the Cross of Christ I Glory." might be starts her year. How fitting it is at sung as a solo by someone not visible this harvest season when we are bringto the audience. This may be followed ing in the sheaves and enjoying the by the choir singing, "The Way of the fruits .of our labors, that we rededicate Cross Leads Home" as the audience ourselves anew with a forward look departs. to the year ahead. Because of the joy we have found in sharing our religion Costumes: White robes and Gre- with the less fortunate women of cian headbands of white ribbon. other nations, we crave for others this opportunity for rendering service and so we seek at this time new members

for our Society. I light my candle to- candles tonight for I represent night in recognition of the 600,000 Stewardship-the stewardship 'Of members wha are working tagether to Prayer, 'Of Personality, and of Possend the Gospel to the 'One billiDn non- sessions. Let us give generously 'Of Christian WDmen in 'Other lands. 'Our time, our talents, and 'Our mDney.

November-Music, "Come Ye Thank- February-Music, "America."

ful Peaple, Come." I (lome representing the shartest When November CDmes and the and yet in SDme respects the greatest crDps are gathered in, we WhD are the mDnth 'Of the year for Americans. pilgrims' children will CDme in the FDr this is the month wherein we celespirit of Thanksgiving tD the House brate the birthdays 'Of the great 'Of the Lord bringing with us 'Our Father of our CDuntry, George Washsmall share tD add to that 'Of 'Others. ington, and the name 'Of the SaviDur What a glad Thanksgiving it will be if of the UniDn, Abraham LinC'Oln. That the two and 'One-half milliDn dollars 'Of their names and fame may nDt perish last year's gifts and the added dues of from the earth I this night light my new members bring us tD a three mil- candle at the altar from whence they lion dDllar goal. May GDd's blessing received their inspiratiDn and light. rest upon us in those wDrds as I light As lDng as America keeps this light my candle-"Well dDne gDod and faith- shining befDre men, SD lDng will she ful servant.". be the leader of men and 'Of natiDns December-Music, "Joy to the World." toward that fair city whDse founda- tions are laid in righteousness and When bleak December comes with equity, whDse builder and maker is its shortened days and IDng evenings God. As we pay tribute to the past let us sit by the fireside and in the may we lDDk fDrward tD 'Our church glDW 'Of the lamplight read frDm the ·of tomDrrDw whose leade.rship will pages 'Of 'Our missionary paper the CDme from our college halls. That the graphic descriptions and effective in- student wDrld may better know Him terpretatiDns of our great missionary who is the SDurce of all life, may we cause. The infDrmation and inspira- each aim to touch the life of SDme coltion will stimulate our Christmas mis- lege student with a message 'Of our sionary offering. No library table is WDrk. cDmplete withDUt this magazine. Dur- ing this mDnth we celebrate the birth March-Music, "Faith of Our Fa- of Him who is the Light of Life, the ther'S."

Giver 'Of every gDDd and perfect gift. March is a holy month in the Chris- Let not the activity 'Of the Christmas tian calendar. It is the time f.or re- seaSDn dim 'Our vision 'Of Christ and membering the passiDn and sacrifice His Love. His words "Peace 'On earth, 'Of 'Our LDrd. And SD in this month gODd will toward men" challenge us, some 'Of the di·sciples. of the Kingdom as we light the Christmas candle, ever were inspired to found a great society to look 'Outward toward men and up- fDr the uplifting 'Of the womanhoDd 'Of ward tDward GDd. the wDrld. I light my candle in CDm- January-Music, "Another Year memDratiDn 'Of Founder's Day of the Dawning." Woman's Foreign Missionary Society honoring thDse nDble women who near- I am the month 'Of new resDives and ly sixty years agD caught the vision fresh beginnings. In the 'Old pagan frDm the light of Christ's CDuntenance. mythDlDgy men spDke of me as the doorkeeper of heaven. Yet this I know, Aprilr–Music, "Rejoice Ye Pure in that unless men light the torch of Heart."

their hDpeS at the Source 'Of all true April's resurrection Scene recalls tD light, all their resDlving will but lead us the JDYDUS fact 'Of this strDng fDun- tD utter darkness. SD I light three datiDn of 'Our faith. In this mDnth we

METHODS FOR WORKERS

sing the songs of triumph which pro- undimmed to a little child who in turn claim that our Christ is an ever-living will prove a Light Bearer for the Saviour. We also rejoice because so Saviour. many answered that command, "Go ye into all the world and preach the Gos- July-Music, "0 Beautiful for Spapel to every creature." That our seven cious Skies." hundred missionaries may know how gratefully we appreciate the sacrifices To all Americans July is the nourthat they are making, we give a joyous ishing month of patriotism. We glory and liberal Thank Offering at this in the fact that we are a free nation. time to further carryon the great But let us beware lest our patriotism work of building the Kingdom of G.od degenerate into a narrow provincialin other lands. I light this candle ism. It is easier for a nation to be with a prayer that Stewardship of selfl·sh than for that nation to be spirit- Giving may soon send light into all ual. I would have the good of America dark places. crowned with brotherhood from sea to shining sea. Those.of us who have May-Music, "Let the Lowe.r Lights been privileged to enjoy mountain-top Be Burning." experiences appreciate the importance of setting aside a week in this busy In the ancient time, so the Hebrew month each year to learn more about story runs, God ,created the heavens other nations with whom we hope to and the earth and all that is therein. share our Christ. America the beauti- On completing His great task, He ful will remain America the glorious looked abroad and declared that it was only as she lets the light of the Lord very good. It is appropriate in this shine upon the Stars and Stripes. That month when nature is creating beauty this light shall not fail throughout the everywhere that we honor the mothers coming year, I take my light from of mankind. Let us pause in our mis- Him who is the Lord of lords and sionary effort and combine our pro- King of kings. grams with those of our daughters who march as the Standard Bearers of August-Music, "0 Day of Rest and the King. Tonight I light my candle Gladness." for the mothers and daughters who walk side by side, a common purpose I corne calling the sons of men from in their goals, that of making Christ the fields of toil to the temple .of the live in the hearts and lives of men. open-air, where God dwelleth in the wide open spaces. For truly to those June-Music, "Shepherd of Tender whose light of life is lit at the light of Youth." Chri,st, the heavens declare the glory of God and the firmament showeth his June is the month of roses and of handiwork. Yet in the month of homemaking, for love and beauty ever August many who g·o on vacation leave should be mates. Yet roses can wither the path of rectitude, for they see and love can die and the light of June naught of the God who paints the wayturn to the darkness of doom. Not so, side lily and the sunset heavens. Thus however, will it be for those who have the light which they have is but darkthe light of the world upon the altar ness still. So when to the temple hills of their homes. you go, add the light of Christ to the light of day, and joy that is rich and In this month we will plant a garden free shall be yours, for you will have with love and hope, and in it we will him for company in whose hand are put little children. Christ said, "Suf- pleasures f.or evermore. fer the little children to come unto me fur of such is the Kingdom of September-Music, "Be Strong." Heaven." During this month the great com- And so I light my candle tonight pany of missionary giVers open their with a prayer that I may pass it on 4

mite boxes and lay their treasures at to' start with. A picture of Miss Wa- the feet of the Master. The thousands kuyama, the first Christian kinder- of dollars these little boxes reveal each garten teacher in Japan, and a story year are a testimony to the loving of what she has done with the little loyalty of countless sacrificial givers. ones of her land will touch the heart In this month when we honor the of any mother. Such pictures may be men of toil and ascribe dignity to labor used on place cards, or in Bible class room, or anywhere adult eyes will let us reconsecrate ourselves 00 the rest. work of the Lord in loving service and Touch with the Home increase our gifts in gratitude to Him who has provided so abundantly for Most of us realize that home attius. With this pledge I light my candle. tudes have more effect upon a child As we close this missionary cycle may than anything the leader of an organiwe renew and strengthen our work on zation may teach. Keeping in touch with the home and changing the every line. mother's atttitude is most important REAOHING ADULTS THROUGH if the child is to be kept interested in POSTERS missionary work. Be sure that the in- Very often our posters, however ef- vitations and greeting cards sent to fective, fail to reach those for whom his home are of the kind that will they are intended because of the place influence the parents. Missionary in which they' are posted. If your birthday cards with a real missionary church has a nursery, or mother's rest message mailed to each child on his birthday will naturally reach the room, be sure to post effective placards mother's eye. on its walls. To reach the fathers, use the men's club room and the men's The songa that he carries home Bible classroom for your posters. must not ,only be missionary in spirit but must also be accurately memorized Suggestions for Posters so that the mother listening to the If your Junior Missionary organi- words may unconsciously receive a zation includes cradle roll age groups a missionary message.

poster with the words- The handwork which he carries FROM MOTHER'S ARMS TO (name of home must also bear testimony to the organization) spirit of missions.

Use an attractive picture of a baby Most important of all is the prayer to catch a mother's eye. life of the child. Many a parent has been led to take an interest in people Pictures of boys of athletic age will of a different race through the earnest interest a father. These words with prayers which the child pours out an attractive picture may be used: nightly for his friends across the sea.

EVERY WEEK Is BoYS' WEEK IN (name The stories which he will undoubtedly of organization) tell at home also have an immeasura- A flight of stairs leading to an open bly .stl'ong effect upon the parents.

church door into which children are Stories entering with the words: Presentation by the teacher of mis- STEPS TO EFFICIENT CHURCH sionary stories and books to the child MEMBERSHIP (name of organization) is often a means to the desired end as the parent, or adult in the home, often Use of Pictures reads the story to the child. Selection Sometimes pictures may bring home of these stories is most important.

to parents the need of missionary Every Board, as well as the Mission- training and its importance in the life ary Education Movement in New York of the child. Any good picture of deals in such books and most Boards Christ with the children is effective have catalogues which are easily se-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

cured and which will help in the selec- When in India, I was invited to at- tion of the pr'Oper stories. tend the dedicati'On of a beautiful tem- Missi'Onary story-telling is 'One 'Of ple of Christian worship. The c'Ongrethe m'Ost effective methods f'Or reach- gation, which filled that temple at the ing the adult. The important p'Oint, dedication, was started years ag'O with however, is that the story be told eight believers, saved fr'Om starvation where the disinterested adult will be by famine relief workeJ:1s, and was reached. Telling missi'Onary st'Ories drawn from an outcast community; at missIOnary gatherings is not now, a great host, they were rejoicing en'Ough. Sunday-scho'Ols, Daily Vaca- before the Lord in a fine stone buildti'On Bible Sch'Ools and Week-day Re- ing, worthy 'Of any c'Ongregation in the ligi'Ous Schools are splendid channels United States, and best 'Of all, it was thr'Ough which the missi'Onary story- provided by their own self-denying 'Oftelling may be used for the child. T'O ferings. This is a church of which reach the adult, h'Owever, 'Other places every member dedicates to the Lord a must be bJ:1ought into use. A mission- proporti'On-in most cases, at least a ary-minded adult can use st'Ories ef- tenth of the income, meagre though it fectively in clubs, adult 'Organizati'Ons is in alm'Ost every ca-se. At Medak, in the heart of the most and adult classes 'Of many kinds. The populous Moslem state of all India, the -stories must of course be selected t'O D'Ominion of the Nizam of Hyderabad, touch the adult heart. St'Ories ab'Out has recently risen a Christian church children, rather than children's stories, which is the wonder of all that part 'Of are necessary for this purpose. the world. Christmas Day a great c'On- THE LEVER THAT LIFTS THE gregation dedicated their h'Ouse 'Of WORLD worship with sacrificial giving and re- joicing like that which made mem'O- By DR. DAVID MCCONAUGHY rable the dedication of the temple of That was a shrewd old Grecian phi- old. The chairman said: l'Osopher who is credited with having "Through ten long years you have made some such remark as this: "Give toiled and saGrificed that you might me a place where I can rest a l'Ong rejoice this day. Do you regret the enough lever and I can lift the earth." 50,000 Rupees (equivalent in purchas- What Archimedes vainly dreamed 'Of, ing power to considerably more than Jesus actually set ab'Out bringing to 50,000 d'Ollars) that your l'Oving hearts pass. That place was Calvary; that have 'Offered?"

lever was the Cross, and, assuredly 'Our The people responded: "Victmy t'O Lord is lifting the l'Ost w'Orld back t'O Jesus; may his kingdom c'Ome."

G'Od. And all wh'O w'Ork t'Ogether with White-capped nurses, school boys him t'O lift the IQad 'Of the world's sin, and school girls, rescued famine waifs, are members 'Of his br'Otherhood. "He started the l'Ong processi'On to the that doeth the will 'Of God, the same is front 'Of the church with offerings.

my br'Other." But the world's Saviour Last of all, came an old woman, un- cann'Ot be content with anything less noticed by the others; but the Lord than lifting the whole w'Orld; and it himself, who watched the givers in the takes a wh'Ole gospel to save a whole Temple at Jerusalem, again saw a wid- world. Is it n'Ot because the church 'Ow, as she t'Ottered t'Oward the altar has had but a partial gospel, that she rail and placed her love gift 'Of three has lacked lifting p'Ower? As she re- pice (one cent) on the altar.

c'Overs the full-orbed G'Ospel of Him Such 'Object less'Ons as these are t'O- who not 'Only died, but rose again with kens 'Of the mighty lifting p'Ower 'Of all power and fearlessly applied His Christ who is changing n'Ot only indi- G'Ospel t'O the wh'Ole of life, including viduals but whole congregati'Ons int'O p'Ossessi'Ons as well as pers'Onality, w'Orthy stewards of the manifold grace w'Onderful results inevitably fQllow. 'Of G'Od.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America PROTESTANT CHURCH WOMEN carried on in cooperation with the UNITE IN SERVICE Missionary Education Movement.

A Statemf'ut by the Presidents of the Fed- Church agencies are not static; eration of Woman's Boards of Foreign Mis- the same broadening of interest that sion,s of North America, Council of Women for has come to women generally has Home Missions and National Council of Feder- touched the women's mLssionary orated Church Women.

Following the Ecumenical Confer- ganizations of the churches, and has ence on Foreign Missions held in New been reflected in the topics forming York City in 1900 there was organized part of the programs. the first woman's interdenominational group, known as the Central Commit- Christian social service, law Dbtee on the United Study of Foreign servance, Christian citizenship, indus- trial, race and international relations Missions, whkh body for thirty year·s and other interests have become vital has published foreign mission study issues, and many women's church orbooks. The fellowship thus developed ganizations are considering them in among church women led in 1915 to addition to the mission work of their the formation of the Federation of own denominations; some societies, Woman's Boards of F'Oreign Missions adding these newer responsibilities to of North America which now has in those already assumed, have become its membership twenty-nine denomi- associatIons or federations. national women's boards of foreign Christian citizenship, however, and missions of the United States and Canada. This body unitedly consid- these other interests are not denomi- national tasks, but common to all ers the whole task of Foreign Mis- Christian women, so it was natural sions, provides Christian literature that, seeking strength in unity, the for mission lands and stimulates in- women's organizations of the IDcal terest in the Women's Union Chris- churches of a community have in a tian Colleges of the Orient. number of places united to form local interdenominational councils or fed- United study of Home Missions was erations, through which Christian begun in 1903 through a committee representative of women's home mis- women might express themselves in sion boards, which led to the organiza- influence and service.

tion in 1908 'Of the Council of Women For years both the Council of Womfor Home Missions, which now has in en for Home Missions and the Federits membership twenty-four denomi- ation of Woman's Hoards of Foreign national boards of the United States Missions had contact with local interand Canada. This body unitedly denominational groups, the earliest of stUdies the efforts put forth for Chris- which were organized as long as tianizing America and furthers the twenty-five or thirty years ago. Un- joint interests of its constituent der the impetus of the Foreign Misbodies through publicity and special sion Jubilee, many more came into social welfare projects, notably work existence. They were generally among Migrants, and Religious Edu- named "Women's Church and Miscation in Government Indian Schools. sionary Union" ; later the name, In recent years the publication of ''Women's Church and Missionary home mission study books has been Federation" was used. As newer 532 groups with more inclusive programs the National Council of Federated increased in number, both the Coun- Church Women met in joint session cil and the Federation gradually en- in March, 1930, and approved the follarged the scope of their activities to lowing recommendations: include these new interdenominational groups and through a Joint Commit- That an Advisory Relationships Comtee on Women's Church and Mission- mittee be appointed; that its duties be ary Federations assisted them in their to study the programs of the three ornew undertakings. By 1928 about ganizations, plan for the approach to the fourteen hundred local interdenomi- local interdenominational groups, pronational groups had been formed. gressively discover the work that can be done together, and make recommenda- In December, 1925, the Council of tions; that the committee consist of Women for Home Missions and the three members of each of the three or- Federation of Woman's Boards of ganizations, one of whom in each case be Foreign Missions cooperated in the the president. first conference of representatives of the interdenominational groups. This Upon the ratification of these recmeeting in Pittsburgh was followed ommendations by the three organizaby annual conferences, the purpose be- tions in separate session, the Ading to stimulate the organization of visory Relationships Committee was other similar groups, and to secure appointed. In formulating a plan of greater effe'ctiveness in service by cooperation, the committee bore in Protestant women through unified mind the following principles: planning of their efforts. (1) That the establishment the world In 1927 the Council of Women for around of a Christian social order in Home Missions and the Federation of which all areas of life shall be brought Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions into harmony with the life and teaching were asked by the local interdenomi- of Jesus Christ is accepted as the ideal national groups to confer as to plans of these three groups working jointly; for harmonizing the efforts of church women more fully. As a result there (2) That a unified program of servwas formed in 1928 the National Com- ice should be prepared which, recognizmission of Protestant Church Wom- ing the difference in type and in the esen, with official representatives there- tablished alignments of these organizaon of the Council, the Federation, and tions should be the suggested plan the local interdenominational groups. through which they, moving toward fur- ther coordinated efforts, would speak At Buffalo in June, 1928, the latter and work unitedly. group formally organized nationally, and at Boston in 1929 adopted the The plan of cooperation as thus far name National Council of Federated outlined is: That in the approach to Church Women. At the end of 1929, the local interdenominational groups the National Commission of Protes- the three .organizations cooperate tant Church Women was dissolved. through the Relationships Committee which shan outline general policies; In fulfillment of the desire of these that the Committees on World Day of three organizations that all matters of Prayer, International Relations, and common interest be studied unitedly, Conferences and Schools of Missions and that by common agreement tasks be made joint committees representabe allocated to one or another of the tive of the three organizati.ons; that bodies, thus preventing confusion and local interdenominational groups be overlapping in the approach to Prot- urged to build well-rounded programs estant church women, the Administra- including local, national and internative Committees of the Council of tional interests; that in the approach Women for Home Missions, the Fed- to the I 0 c a I interdenominational eration of Woman's Boards of For- groups (1) Home Missions and Miseign Missions of North America and sionary Education for Home Missions be recognized as the special respon- sibility of the Council of Women for Home Missions, (2) Foreign Missions and Missionary Education for For-

eign Missions, as the special responsi- Chapman Catt, eight of these national bility of the Federation of Woman's women's organizations joined in call- Boards of Foreign Missions, (3) Spir- ing a Conference on the Cause and itual Life and the Christian Hume, Cure of War, which was held in Wash- Religiou-s Education, Christian Citi- ington, in January, 1925, nine organ- zenship, Legislation and Law Observ- izations participating. Out of this ance, Social Service, Drama and Mo- grew the desire for an annual con- tion Pictures, as the special responsi- ference and for a committee which bility of the National Council of Fed- should plan the program for such erated Church Women; that the af- meetings, and carry out through the filiation fees of local interdenomina- year the recommendations made by tional groups be paid to the National the delegates. Thus the National Council of Federated Church Women; Committee on the Cause and Cure of that the World Day of Prayer offer- War was set up with Mrs. Catt as ings be given to the special objects chairman, the committee being com- designated by the Council of Women posed of the president and chairman for Home Missions and the Federa- of International Relations of each par- tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign ticipating organization. Missions, such gifts being considered as constituting affiliation with those The National Committee has taken organizations. as its general objectives (1) the build- ing of effective peace machinery, (2) These recom'mendations having been the reducti.on of war machinery, and approved by v·ote of the three organ- (3) the obtaining of security against izations, the presidents are authorized war for every nation. In the interest to give them publicity in this joint 'of these objectives the annual conferstatement. ences are held to study some phase of one or all of these questions, to take MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD, President such actions as may be deemed wise, Council of Women for Home Missions. and to initiate a program for study and cooperative action among the MRS. HOWARD WAYNE SMITH, President membel's of the organizations con- Federation of Woman's Boards of For- nected with the committee. The num- eign Missions of North America. ber of organizations (looperating is now eleven, among them the Council MRS. JOHN FERGUSON, PreBident of Women for Home Missions and National Council of Federated Church Federation of Woman's Boards of Women. Foreign Missions of North America.

WORKING TOGETHER FOR PEACE The Sixth Conference on the Cause and Cure of War was held in Wash- By ELINOR K. PURVES ington, January 19-22, 1931.* The program centered around disarma- Miss Purves is chairman of the Committee ment and the building up of peace on International Relations of the Council of machinery, most of the speakel's em- 'Vornen for Home Missions. That committee phasizing the need for effective peace and the similar Committee of the }t'ederation machinery if disarmament is to make of 'Vornan's Boards 01' Foreign MiSSions, of any headway among the nations, The which Mrs, E, H, Silverthorn is chairman, conference reaffirmed its belief that the United States should become a work as a unit, member of the Permanent Court of The National Committee on the tReport of the Sixth COllfer(,llce may be Cause and Cure of War had its in- obtained from the National Committee on the ception in an attempt to secure coop- Cause and Cure of War, 1116 Grand Central erative action among some of the Terminal Bldg., New York City, for $1.00_ A .national women's organizations which pamphlet giving origin, aim and activities of have departments .of international re- the National Committee may also be procured lations through which they are trying for 5c, per copy; $4,00 per 100. to interest their membership in the study of international problems and the promotion of cooperation among the nations of the world for the maintenance. of world peace.

Under the leadership .of Mrs. Carrie

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

International Justice, and urged fa- her study not only as a possible con- vorable action by the Senate upon the tribution towards the solution of the three protocols submitted to it by the problem in question but as material President of the United States, De- for information and study for the cember 10, 1930. women of America who, through their Another resolution urged that steps organizations, are connected with the be taken to secure international con- National Committee on the Cause and ference by treaty agreement in time Cure of War, and to whom the reof cri'sis, and to determine the course cipient of the scholarship would be to be taken with a nation violating available as a speaker at program the Kellogg-Briand Pact. The Con- meetings. Definite requirements for ference also recommended to its mem- ,such a scholarship have been drawn bers the study of the agenda for the up and the candidate who has been Disarmament Conference to be held successful in meeting these requirein 1932, and the study and endorse- ments and will go abroad this summent when possible, of measures the mer is Mrs. Rachael Nason, of Conpurpose of which is to abolish military necticut.

training in secondary schools and to The National Committee has pre- make such training elective in col- pared a petition to go to the Dis- leges, universities, and educational armament Conference in 1932, and institutions other than those which through its member organizations are essentially military. hopes to secure over one million sig- The program for the year as adopt- natures. These organizations are not ed by the conference combines edu- primarily peace societies, being orcation and united acHon. It includes ganized for varying purposes and continued work on the World Court representing all kinds of programs, and the Disarmament Conference, and educational, civic, social and religious, suggests study of the League of Na- and reaching down through clubs and tions, a consultative pact, and eco- church societies into practically every nomic problems which cause war. It city and town in the United States.

was decided to build the program for The women of the church are re- the next conference around this last lated to this National Committee theme. through their local church societies The National Gommittee has been which are related to their denominain touch with women's organizations tional mission boards, and through of other countries which are inter- them related to the Council of Women ested in peace and world cooperation, for Home Missions and the Federation and at the conference in January, it ()f Woman's Boards of Foreign Miswas recommended that a committee sions. These bodies have taken active be appointed which should act as a part in the work of the National Com- Contact Committee between the wom- mittee on the Cause and Cure of War en of the United States and the wom- from its beginning. Mrs. D. Everett en of other countries in order that Waid, of the Council of Women for the various groups might be mutually Home Missions was at the time' of informed of significant steps towards her death a vice-president, Mrs. E. H. international understanding which Silverthorn, a former president of the were being taken by any of these Federation of Woman's Boards of groups. Foreign Missions followed her as a An interesting development of the vice-president of the National Com- work of the committee is the decision mittee, and this year one of the vice- to establish a scholarship by means presidents is Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, a of which a young woman shall be sent former president of the Council of abroad to study one of the "sore Women for Home Missions.

spots" of Europe, using the results of The women of the churches will be

asked to sign the petition on disarm- VISITING THE MIGRANT WORK ament, to work for the entrance of the United States into the World For some years the women of the Court, and to cooperate with women churches have been reading and hearin clubs and societies of various kinds ing about the migrants and their in the building up of better world needs and they have responded most understanding and the promotion of generously to appeals made in their world peace, which should be one of behalf. To visit the work has not the aims of all missionary endeavor. occurred to many, perhaps because mission fields are usually very far Participating Organizations away and sometimes difficult to reach. The situation is a bit different in the American Association of University case of the migrant work for the mi- Women. grants are "on our very doorstep" and Council ·of Women for Home Mis- "WE THANK THEE FOR THIS FOOD" sions. many .of the fields where work is be- Federation of Woman',s Boards of ing carried on can be reached by car Foreign Missions of North America. in half a day, sometimes less. Why not plan either this summer or this General Federation of Women's fall to visit the migrant work, have a Clubs. personal contact with the migrants and see what the work means to those National Board of the Young Wom- who are "followin'g the crops"? en's Christian Ass'ociaUons.

National Council of Jewish Women. National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs.2 National League of Women Voters. National Woman's Christian Temperance Union. National W,omen's Oonference of American Ethical Union." National Women's Trade Union League.'

Witbout symbol, called first conference. 1 Participated in first conference. 2.Joined January, 1929 conference. S JoIned Janu ary, 1930 conference.

M-igrant Work Nationality C1"OP Season of M igrant CALIFORNIA Dos Palos •. . .. . . Mexican . …•. . … . Cotton . . …. . …. . . Oct.-Apr. Walnut Grove . . . 14 Nationalities . …. Asparagus …… . . ' April-July Hemet . . .•…… White American . … . Apricots ….. . ….. Aug. 15-0ct. 1 Kingsburg …… Mexican ……. . … Grapes •….. . . . . . . Aug. I5-0ct. 1 Fowler ………. Mexican ……… .. Grapes ………… Aug. I5-0ct. 10 OREGON Hood River …. , .White American ….. Apples …… .. ….. Sept.-Oct. Newberg .. . .. . .. White American … . . Hops ……… . … ' Sept.-Oct.

COLORADO Eaton •• • .•. • .••. Mexican .. . ……. . Sugar beets …….. All year program Brighton ..•..• } Greeley ……• Mexican •………• Sugar beets ……..All year program Hudson …… .

DELAWARE .. . . . …….. Beans, Tomatoes . . .. Aug. 15-Nov. 1 . . ……..•.. Beans, Tomatoes . … JUly 1-0ct. 15 Camden . . ….. . .Polish .. • ….•….. Beans, Tomatoes . … July 1-0ct. 1 Houston …… . .Negro …………. Beans, Tomatoes . … Aug. 1-0ct. 1 Lewes …….. . .Polish Rehoboth …••.•.Polish

Migrant Work N atlonallty Crop Sea.on 01 Migrant MARYLAND Hurlock ……… Negro …………. Tomatoes ………. Aug. 8-Oct.I NEW JERSEY Barnegat ……. Italian …………. Cranberries …. . .. Sept. 1-0ct. 15 Pemberton …… Italian …… . ….. Cranberries …….. Sept. I-Oct. 15 Whitesbog ……Italian …………. Blueberries ……… July I-Aug. 9 Whitesbog …… Italian …………. Cranberries …….. Sept. 1-0ct. 15 NEW YORK Brant ……….. Italian …………. Strawberries, Peas, Beans, Tomatoes .••. June-Sept. 15 For further details write to the National Defence by Kirby Page. Farrar Council of Women for Home Missions, and Rinehart, New York. 1931. $3.00. 105 East 22nd Street, New York, N. Y. Disarmament by Salvador de Madariaga. Coward, McCann, New York. 1929. AS WILLIAM JAMES SAW IT $5.00.

From Weekly New., New York League of Military and Naval Expenditures. Edito- rial Research Reports, Washington. Women Voters. July 25, 1930. To be obtained in li- braries. ..At the time of the Venezuelan incident in 1895, William James in a letter to a Limitation of Air Armaments. Foreign friend, Mrs. Evans, wrote wise words Policy Association Information Servthat fit the present time when reduction ice, 18 E. 41st St., New York. October of navies, disarmament, compulsory arbi- 29, 1930. 25c. tration, are debated in parliaments and where rumors of war and outbreaks in American Diplomacy in the Modern World limited areas continually threaten the by Arthur Bullard. Chapter on disprecarious peace of the world. We take armament. 127 pp. University of Pennthese from an article in the Atlantic sylvania Press, Philadelphia. 1928. Monthly for September, 1929. $1.50.

'~Three days of mob hysteria can at Between War and Peace by Florence any time undo peace habits of a hun- Brewer Boeckel. Chapters on disarmdred years; and the only permanent ament. National Council for Prevensafeguard against irrational explo- tion of War. $1.50. sions of the fighting instinct is absence of armament and of opportunity. The Turn Toward Peace by Florence Since this country has absolutely Brewer Boeckel. Chapter on disarmanothing to fear, nor any other coun- ment. Council of Women for Home try anything to gain from its inva- Missions and Missionary Education sion, it seems to me that the party Movement. $1.00 and 60c. of civilization ought immediately, at any (lost of discredit, to begin to agi- Dtsarmament on the Great Lakes by tate against any increase of either Charles H. Levermore. World Peace army, navy or coast defense. That is Foundation, 40 Mt. Vernon St., Boston. the one form of protection against the 1914. 5c. internal enemy on which we can most rely." New Wars: New Weapons by J. M. Ken- worthy. 160 pp. Elkin, Mathews and DISARMAMENT READING Marrot, 54 Bloomsbury St., W.C., Lon- don. 1930. 38, 6d. Compiled by National Council for Prevention oj War Chemical Warfare-Its POSSibilities and Probabilities by Elvira K. Fradkin. The Issues of the General Disarmament Carnegie Endowment for International Conference by Laura Puffer Morgan. Peace, 405 W. 117th St., New York. In preparation. National Council for 1929. 5c. Prevention of War. 25c. Political Consequences of the World War by Ramsay Muir. Home University Library of Modern Knowledge. 252 pp. Henry Holt and Co., New York. 1931. $1.25.

BEGIN TO PREPARE FOR WORLD DAY OF PRAYER, FEBRUARY 12, 1932

ORlD-WiDE

ISLANDS OF THE SEA the Sumatra Conference seemed to Missions in New Guinea exemplify world brotherhood.

THE Utrecht Mission turned back Reports brought out plainly the dif- the field to the Indian Church. ficulties and problems, and withal the This latter, embodying all of Ambon opportunities of the work in Sumatra. with more than 150,000 Christians, The diversity of conditions and lansaw in this a loud call of God and in guage call for the greatest ingenuity. a short time sent 40 Gurus int() this In reporting on the Asahan d.istrict, distant field. As the matter now Dr. A. H. Prussner described the stands, the Papuans of that region by three-sided struggle of paganism, no means want to be "Key People" Islam and Christianity, each striving (so named from the chief seat of the to surmount the other two. Tlle Catholic Church on the Key Islands) battle for Christianity is far from but wish to be '''Ambon People" (Prot- won. At Palembang the Sundayestants). They are crowding in school of 150 is one-half Malay, showmasses into the Protestant churches ing that Mohammedans are being and ,schools. touched to a degree. An encouraging The Neuendettelsau Mission, which thing is the request for preachers and is working in the former Kaiser Wil- teachers coming from Chinese towns helm Land, is reporting great gains. and villages around Palembang–en- Their work is among the Papuan and oouraging, yet disheartening, because Melanesian tribes. During the last the requests cannot be granted. three years the number of their baptised members has increased by 4,140 AD10ng the Igorots amounting in all to 22,026! In 1929 which is the last year covered by their I N the Protestant Episcopal Mission report, they added 2,646 adults by at Sagada, Luzon, some 8,000 peobaptism and 1,354 children. The work ple have been baptized and more than of the missionaries is progressing 3,500 are communicants. The number under the added difficulties of being is continually growing. It is useless carried on in a gold field. New gold to expect that priests and teachers can is being found oonstantly and that be sent from America to minister brings with it an influx of most un- to all these people. Workers among desirable elements. Besides, there is the Igorots themselves must be so much disease and sickness that the trained to minister to their own peomissionaries are clamoring for med- ple. For many years a school has ical missionaries. been operated in these mountains at Sagada. At first it was difficult to SUD1atra News get Igorot children to recognize the value of an education. Life in the THE third session of the Sumatra open was preferable to being cooped Mission Conference, held in Medan all day long in a classroom, studying last February, was characterized by strange new things in an unfamiliar unusual internationalism. With rep- language. Friends, snaring birds on resentatives from Germany, Sweden, the hills, gathering snails and lizards Holland and America, China and vari- and other juicy edibles in the mounous parts of the Dutch East Indies, tain brooks, were lures that enticed 538 them again and again away from those about their work to the Japanese Govwho were trying to teach them. ernment, but are in no wise hindered in their work. It is perhaps the only Conditions have changed. Brothers example of the kind in all missionary of some of these children have been history and the Japanese Government educated; they are earning unbeliev- has been punctilious in the performable sums of money, some $15, some ance of its assumed obligations. $25 a month. These men have power, influence; they are much more ad- Disciples in the Philippines mired and respected than the boys of old who ran away from the foreigners AT THE annual meeting of the and who now get a scant livelihood by Christian mission the plan was arduous toil in the ricefields, or by adopted, subject to the approval of traveling, almost daily, four, five, the United Christian missionary soeven six miles, to fetch firewood for ciety and the Philippine churches, for cooking their bit of rice and sweet reorganization of the mission with potatoes. So the boys of today, with equal representation of Filipinos and the encouragement of their fathers, missionaries on the advisory board. are seeking an education which will The plan provides for the creation of enable them to live a better and more a delegate national convention of the useful life; they walk-and the girls, Churches .of Christ in the Philippines too-for three days over almost im- as soon as travel and economic condipassable trails, across raging torrents, tions make it possible. Another act through territory their fathers would was the adoption of a definite schedule not have dared penetrate because of for the Filipinization of the evangelthe hostility of the occupants, and this istic work in the area around Manila. on the bare chance of being admitted The missionary who serves in this to an already overcrowded school. The work is, within four years, to be withobject of the school is to train boys drawn altogether and placed in other and girls who will do the Church's work. A Filipino secretary will carry work in these mountains. They have on in the place of the mis,sionary. The shown an ability we did not dream third act of interest was the creation they possessed, until now we feel sure of a department of social welfare, to our hopes for the impossible can be supplement the usual fields of misrealized.-The Living Church. sionary work known as medical, edu- cational, and evangelistic. This de- A Remarkable Mission partment will deal with the problems incident upon Filipino emigration to AFTER the War the Marshall Is- Hawaii and America. lands, which had belonged to Germany, were made mandatory to In American Islands Japan by the League of Nations. One stipulation was made, to the effect NOW and again we are reminded that the inhabitants should continue that others beside those in North to receive training by Protestant mis- America live under the Stars and .sionaries. Japan consented and sent Stripes. It has recently been profour Japanese Protestant mission- posed to give American citizenship to aries, to which since then it added the natives of Tutuila, in the Samoan two more. The Japanese Government group. Most Samoans can read and pays the salaries of these mission- write, and all are Christian. Since aries, supplies each one with a dwell- they own their land and foreigners ing, grants child aid and contributes are not permitted to buy it, they are a quota to medical expenses. The increasing in number. government also pays transportation to and from the field and grants a The Philippines have a native popfurlough every three years. The mis- ulation of ten million. Most true sionaries are required to send reports Filipino·s are Christians, (two-thirds

being Roman Catholic), while the in America they claim many converts, Moros are Mohammedan. especially. among the colored people. From Chicago headquarters is edited Guam, an island of only 210 square a monthly called The Moslem Sunrise. miles, about 1,500 miles from Manila, has a variety of mixed races with the Chinese Conduct Missions Malay strain predominating.

T In addition to these groups and HE Chinese Church of ChrIst, Chi- cago, the only Chinese Christian Hawaii, the United States has two other possessions in the Pacific, Wake Church in the Central States, conducts Island, between Hawaii and Hong- seven missions for the purpose of con- kong (about one square mile in area) verting Chinese to Christianity and and the Midway Islands, 1,200 miles teaching them the English language.

northwest of Hawaii. Wake Island is This work was organized 15 years ago uninhabited and there are about and is interdenominational in scope.

thirty-five persons living on the Mid- Funds to aid it are being secured way Islands. through the selling of Chinese dinners Puerto Ricans are American citi- and the sale of Oriental fancy goods.

zens, as are natives of the Virgin Ravages of the Automobile Islands. THE public seems to be indifferent about the enormous slaughter NORTH AMERICA caused by the automobile, yet were a pestilence to breed such destruction Searching Facts of life the land would be in a panic. Statistics compiled by the Metropoli- WHAT the Home Missions Council tan Life Insurance Company show calls "the unescapable challenge that the machine has been responsible of the unmet religious needs of the for 282,000 killings in the last fifteen nation" is that there are in America years, of which 1930 contributed 32,- today: 500 while the injured totaled 960,000. Pedestrians were slain to the number Ten thousand communities without a of 14,034, while 329,712 were injured. church of any kind, Jewish, Roman In the matter of collisions with other Catholic or Protestant; vehicles there were 373,889 smashes resulting in 6,712 deaths and 473,953 Thirty thousand communities with- mJuries. Fixed objects were hit to out a resident pastor; the number of 41,454, with 3,586 fa- talities. Out of the enormous total, Thirteen million four hundred thou- 564,630 cases were traced to downsand children under 12 years of age right carelessness, to which 27,235 who are receiving no religious in- deaths and 643,795 injuries were struction of any kind; More than one-half of the total Arne ric a n population unconnected with any institution representing organized religion.

Moslems in America credited. This horrible record does not seem to excite the slightest emo- 'l'HE Ahmadiyya sect was founded tion. Add to this the incidental ex- .1 by Hazrat Ahmad, who claimed to travagances and we need not look be the Messiah. He was born in 1836 further for the cause of many of our and died in 1908. He was succeeded social and economic evils. – The by Hazrat Morza Bashirud-Din Mah- Churchman.

mud Ahmad. This sect claims to represent true Islam and has estab- Japanese Institute, Ne…. York T lished mi,ssions in London, Chicago, HE Japanese Christian Institute is known among the Japanese from Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, Palestine, West Africa, Mauritius, coast t'o coast as one place in New Australia, and Malaya. They pro- York where a newcomer will find ad- claim racial and social equality and vice and a friendly welcome. A young

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Japanese teacher, who lately came to Factor in Social Work," "The Rural America writes: Minister and Social Work," "The Church and Unemployment," "Reli- I was teacher in big school for girls gion and Mental Hygiene," "Spiritual in Japan, and came to America to study Effects and Values of Community conditions of American high schools. Chests," and the "Moral and Educa- When I arrived in San Francisco I was tional Problems Arising from a Genalone. Five days to cross the continent, eral Dissemination of Knowledge of no friends, very poor knowledge of Eng- Birth Control." lish, stranger in strange country! I thought of many different gods of Japan; The Church Conference of Social I had them in my trunk, suitcases, even Work aims to emphasize the spiritual carried one on my person, given me by and social aspects of human needs and my well-wishers for "bon voyage." to range the religious forces more These trinkets of many different gods completely behind social service. The did not ,help a bit. I was lonesome. I objectives of the Church Conference was helpless. I was put on train by a of Social Work include: The develop- Japanese minister with introduction to ment of scientific methods in the sothe Japanese Christian Institute on cial work of the Protestant Churches; Fifty-seventh Street, New York. I was the development of understanding and met by a minister from the Institute when I reached Grand Central Station. cooperation between churches and so- After supper at the Institute I felt I must make confession that I had been cial agencies; the making of religion deeply touched by the way I was treated a greater redemptive force in all social all the way through the unknown coun- life. try. I said, "Mrs. Shimizu, I saw Christ walking the streets of America all the Bible in Southern Night Schools way. I saw Him in conductors, redcaps, among fellow travelers and children too. !DULT Night Schools in North Car- American people were so kind to me. t.. olina, now sponsored by the coun- I am so glad that I am in Christian ty or city Boards of Education, in country and am so happy in Christian Buncombe County around Asheville Institute where Christ is the center of have been going on for some years all activities." with unusually fine results. A few years ago in the foothills of the Great Now I am learning to be real Chris- Smokies we saw a room full of people tian teacher because I found the Great ranging in age from twenty to seventy, Teacher in my heart.-Christian Intelli- all keen to study the four R's (they gence,/,. have four in the South) reading, 'rit- ing, 'rithmetic, and religion, also. Church Conference of Social Work These adults have ambition to learn THE National Conference of Social so that they can read the Bible. Workers and the Church Conference of Social Work, organized by the A man of forty years won a large Federal Council of the Churches met print Testament in the night schools. at Minneapolis, June 14-20. J{)int ses- When people visit him he shows it to sions were arranged to relate the them and says, "That's what night Church program to that of the Nation- school means to me. They gave me al Conference. Pastors and church this and taught me to read it. It workers, were thus brought into co- means more to me than anything in operation with leaders in the field of the world." social work. The women's clubs in various places The spiritual resources of the so- have initiated these schools and after cial worker were discussed by Dr. demonstrating their value and bless- Richard C. Cabot, President of the ing to the community the county National Conference of Social Work; boards have helped to finance them, or J. Prentice Murphy of Philadelphia, taken them over completely.-WiUiam Dr. Worth M. Tippy of New York H. Richie, in The Sunday School and Dr. Graham Taylor of Chicago. Times.

Among the topics considered at the conference were-"The Pastor and Life Adjustment," "The Church as a

An Ideal Summer Resort educational work in central Mexico, SILVER BAY, on Lake George, was for evangelistic and educational work established as a religious confer- in the States of Tabasco, Campeche, ence ground thirty years ago. This Yucatan, and Quintana Roo, the work- beautiful summer resort is now open ers are encouraged to hope that all to Christian people and their families missionary work may one day be enseeking a vacation which combines trusted to the Mexicans.

outdoor sport with round table dis- Protestant Work in Mexico cussions with leaders in world affair,s. For two weeks, August 1st to A RECENT controversy broke out 14th, all the recreational facilities of in the daily press of Mexico City the place may also be enjoyed. over President Hoover's congratula- tory message to the Lutheran Church, Dr. Joseph R. Sizoo, pastor of the in which he referred to Protestant New York Avenue Presbyterian Christianity's substantial contribu- Church, Washington, D. C., Bishop tions to the progress of civilization. Ernest M. Stires and other leaders in The press gave Protestants the opreligion, sociology and economics will portunity to state the facts. speak. Subjects for round table discussions will include "The Romance Evangelical schools, almost without and Tragedy of the Machine Age," exception, are full to overflowing, and "America'l! . Battle-Capitalism vs. there is increasing respect for their Communism," "Law Observance-in work even by Catholic prelates. D. High Places and Low," "Russia- J. Hauser, secretary of Union Sem- China-India," "Christianity and Athe- inary, Mexico City, reports that evanism at Grips," "Saving the World gelical Christianity in Mexico now from Narcotics," "I n tel I e c t u a I enrolls more than 100,000 constituents Riches-and the Needle's Eye" "Mar- and adherents, but its influence is riage and the Home." .stronger than its numerical strength would indicate. Prof. G. Baez Cam- LATIN AMRICA argo, a leader of evangelical forces, c·ontributes to a prominent Mexico Toward Autonom.y in Me;';'co City daily a regular column entitled "The Pulse of the Times," in which he THE first year of independence of gives a Christian interpretation to the Presbytery of the City of Mex- current events. ico ended most satisfactorily. Although the acceptance of full responsi- bility for the evangelistic work in GuateDlala. Industrial College T their field meant a heavy financial ob- HE Industrial College under the Presbyterian Mission in Guatemala ligation, the Presbytery responded by raising over 63,000 pesos ($30,000). City has made especial progress in Total contributions of the National agriculture. The Advance-Rumely Synod amounted to more than 125,000 Company, by way of advertisement, pesos, or $60,000, during the past contributed a tractor which ha,s been year. Complete aut 0 nom y was an additional asset in operating an granted the Presbytery of Mexico City irrigation system, and forces 200 liters in April, 1929, and there has been a of water per minute from the river steady growth of mutual love and to the crops. A German agricultur- esteem between nationals and mission- ist assists with the cattle and field aries. Missionaries who have taken crops.

work under the direction of the Na- The dairy represents the greatest tional Church report that they have financial hope. Sixteen good milk received courteous and considerate cows are fast paying for themselves.

treatment at the hands of their Mex- Milk, butter and cream from the farm ican fellow workers. While the Pres- are in great demand because of their byterian Board is still responsible for superior quality, and they bring the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

top prices. When the cows are paid Kabyle Moslems emphasize the Gospel for, the dairy will go a long way to- teachings to which Moslems are most ward supporting the college. Special bitterly opposed: Jesus and His death attention is being given to building for man. One group of Moslems up confidence of the business men in come an hour's journey by taxi to this the city. The college is accordingly Paris mission, and the Kabyle taxiallowed from 10 to 25 per cent dis- driver leaves his car in the street to count on most of its purchases. attend the service.

Kabyle converts returning to Mo- In the Panama Canal Zone rocco take the Gospel with them. One BISHOP MORRIS of the Protestant writes: "I have distributed twelve Episcopal Church has given ten hundred and fifty copies of the Gospel years of faithful service in Panama. since I have been here." He has had St. Luke's Cathedral, Ancon, was the several changes of post but carries on first major enterprise which he under- his Christian testimony at each place, took and the Children's Home for the not without danger. There are 110,- care of {Jrphans and homeless children, 000 North Africans in Francehas been a blessing to scores of young Moors, Arabs and Algerian Kabyles.

boys and girls. Along the length of Three Moorish Christians have joined Paris churches, one of them the Canal, the church's work among carrying on an aggressive evangelistic the white residents and the West In- work in his own quarter. A former dian Negroes has been strengthened. EI Azhar University student listens to the Gospel, frequently breaking into Bishop Morris can look back up<Jn exclamations of surprise. Frequently an episcopate characterized by con- French or Italians see Moslems readstructive and successful work, and by ing Scriptures and ask for it themministry in manifold form to individ- selves. Mr. Warren has issued two ual men and women. In the last ten bi-lingual leaflets, "The Story of Two years everything that Bishop Morris Sons" and "The Story of Creation and planned to do, has, with ·one exception, Fall," designed to induce the Kabyles been accomplished. That exception is to read the Scriptures in their own a church for the growing congrega- language. tion of white people at New Cristobal at the Atlantic end of the canal. For several years this congregation has been using Christ Church in the ad- Refu.ge for French Unfortunates T joining city of Colon. Bishop Morris HE Salvation Army in Paris is adding to its previous relief instiis convinced that the church's work in the Zone will be furthered and the tutions in France a City of Refuge best service rendered to both the Ne- in the Quartier de la Gare, Paris.

gro and the white people by having This is for men, women and children.

separate church buildings. He has It will accommodate 500 people with asked for thirty-five thousand dollars beds, and will have restaurants, meet- for this purpose, which item is in- ing rooms, workshops, a clinic, a day cluded in the Advance Work Program." nur8ery, a bureau of information, and -John W. Wood. the like. Affiliated with the Paris Center will be the Floating Refuge EUROPE (150 beds), a Home for Young Men (100 rooms), a People's Foyer at Moslems in France Marseillea (275 beds), a Foyer for MR. THOMAS WARREN, who is Young Men at Nice (50 beds), a Res- working to evangelize the M08- cue Home at Nimes with 25 places. lems in France, tells us in Warld Do- Five million of the ten million francs minion that hymn-singing is a great needed to finance these institutions aid and that the favorite hymns of the have been subscribed.-S. S. Times.

The Spanish ltepublic deplorable, and alien legislation is de- THE Espana Evangelica, the weekly signed to aggravate ,still further an published by Pastor Fliedner of intolerable situation.

the Evangelical Mission in Spain, wel- "In Poland, 3,000,000 Jews are fac- comes the new republic. During the ing economic disaster and many have dictatorship this weekly appeared only committed suicide because of intoler- with the authorization of the censor able conditions.

and often there were blank spaces "In Rumania much has to be done which marked items deleted by the to satisfy even a modest conception ban of this official. Then numbers did of justice so far as the status of the not appear at all and others were pre- Jewish population in the political and vented from being sent to America. ec'Onomic field is c'Oncerned.

With one turn all this has been "In Germany, the Jewish popula- changed and the front page of the tion, numbering 600,000, formerly one Espana Evange.lica now heralds the of the most prosperous branches of new day of religious liberty. Jewry, has become destitute, intimi- "At last we see realized an ideal dated and submerged in bleak despair.

which our fathers dreamed of, but Jew-baiting and Jew-beating are the could not convert into actuality: the order of the day. Synagogues are be- republic proclaimed in Spain [" ing defaced, cemeteries desecrated and The provisional government, in the in the province of Thuringia, a special first meeting' of the cabinet, granted clause has been inserted to the prayers an interesting declaration, setting of school children, supplicating the forth its program and its decision to Divine Power to keep 'Out of the sacred respect the individual conscience in soil of the German Republic the 'alien liberty of faith and worship. The races,' avowedly, Jews.

State reserves the right to require "There is Anti-Semitism in Hun- citizens to make known their religious gary, where 'Jews' have been dis- convictions. missed en masse from productive es- Sweden's Interest in Missions tablishments."-New York Times.

HOUGH a small country, Sweden Signs of Revival in Germany Tcontributed last year $1,322,792 to G foreign missions. These voluntary ERMANY seems ripe for a reli- gious revival, according to Prof.

contributions increased 13 per cent Hugh Mackint'Osh of Edinburgh. He over last year. There are 16 mission- says this is evidenced by three things: ary organizations working in 29 fields, Germany has suffered for past sins including China, Africa and India. and has been humbled so that there Last year 797 missionaries were em- is no self-sufficiency left; ployed abroad.-Watchman Examiner. The rationalistic theology has Anti-Semitism in Europe proved ineffective and the people are turning to a simpler faith in God and ECONOMIC anti-S e mi tis m has His Word; placed millions of Jews in Europe Positive notes of Christian faith on on the brink of disaster and starva- • a sound basis have been sounded forth tion, declares Dr. Joseph Tenenbaum, by German religious leaders.-The chairman of the Executive Committee Record of Christian Work. of the American Jewish Congress.

"This e con 0 m i c anti-Semitism, Serbian Patriarch for Cooperation F rampant in Eastern and Central Eu- OR· the first time since his en- thronement a year ago, the patrirope, is a more destrudive weapon than mere anti-Semitic agitation. arch of the Serbian Church, Barnabas, "Surveys reveal a revival of anti- has made an 'Official statement regard- religious persecution in Russia. In ing his attitude toward interchurch Lithuania, the plight of the Jew is cooperation. Here is a significant

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paragraph from his Easter proclama- in large measure to the influence of tion: "The whole Christian world, Christian education from the West, and especially the Orthodox Church, has made itself felt even in the rigid feels with keen sorrow the unhappy Al Azhar. To the traditional courses division among Christian churches. in Arabic and Moslem law and the- It weakens their efforts at extending Qlogy, courses in modern languages Christianity in the heathen world, and and science are being added. hinders their struggle with atheism, materialism and other unmoral and The Ethiopia Missions perverse views of modern life. The Orthodox Church never ceases tQ pray THE United Presbyterian Mission for the union of all God's churches. to Abyssinia has changed its name The whole Orthodox Church is glad to "The Ethiopia Mission." Abyssinia to collaborate with all other churches is a foreign name for that land, and in a spirit of true good will, in solving among the Arab nations in the past the great problems facing all of Chris- has been a name of reproach. The tianity today, and first of all in the country has always been called great causes of world peace and Ethiopia by its own people. This brotherhood." change of name is a courteous act of the missionaries who are there upon The Balkan Council of the Alliance a friendly mission. The name will for Promoting Friendship Through be a reminder of the Queen Sheba who the Churches met in Belgrad in June. sought out Solomon, of the queen's treasurer who found Christ in the AFRICA desert, and of the promise that some day Ethiopia will stretch forth her Unreached Moors hands unto God.

DUGALD CAMPBELL, who has On May 16, brief messages were spent many years carrying the broadcast to the missionaries in Gospel to various Sudanese tribes, Ethiopia, by Dr. W. B. Anderson, writes: "The only untouched, and as Secretary of the United Presbyterian yet untouchable, part of the Garden of Board, and other officials. There were Allah is the Rio de Oro, inhabited by also personal messages from the famscores of hostile tribes of Moors, who ilies of the missionaries. acknowledge no outside authority, and who have held many Europeans as Nigeria Seeks the Gospel slaves. They are the Almoravides, former cQnquerors of Spain and Port- A LARGE tract of the Niger Delta, ugal highly educated in Islamic lore called Isoko Country, densely and 'laws, and fierce haters of Chris- peopled with heathen, has only retians. I have met some of them, and cently begun to be evangelized. Three found them willing listeners to the C. M. S. clergy and two women mis- Gospel, and ready purchasers of sionaries are in this pestilential re- Arabic Scriptures." gion, battling against witchcraft and fetish worship. A few native teachers AI .Azhar Makes Adjustments from other tribes have volunteered to help. Two C. M. S. missionaries have V ISITORS to Al Azhar, famous lost their lives in these fever-ridden, citadel of Mohammedan orthodoxy tropical swamps. in Cairo, and reputed to be the oldest university in the world, can no longer During the last seven years a great be told that its curriculum has not mass movement has resulted. There changed in a thousand years. are now in the comparatively small area 104 churches, many very large The curriculum of this Moslem seat ones. Two churches alone have over of learning has always been based 2,600 regular adherents, and the total on the Koran. But the revival of in- is about 20,000. At Ozora, at morntellectuallife in the Moslem world, due 5

ing and evening prayers, there is an her bridegroom be abolished, or, made average of 900 attending, and more on nominal. This CongrESS also de- Sundays; Aviara the same, and up to manded that divorce be made more 1,500 on Sundays. Other churches difficult. At present, if a man desires have very large attendances. It is to get rid of his wife, it is a simple often necessary to make a cordon matter and the wife practically has around the missionary's house, to keep nothing to say. This group of women the people back until he has his meals. asks that divorce be granted only in exceptional cases and for weighty rea- South African Leper Institution sons. They request that laws be passed making eighteen the minimum T HE Emjafiyafia Leper Institution age of both parties in marriage. is in many respects a model of They also seek compulsory school atwhat such homes should be. Step by tendance for both boys and girls, and step, the prison system has been aban- the prohibition of the employment of doned, and one approximating native children under fourteen. village life adopted. Patients select headmen from among themselves, and Changing Persia these administer the affairs of the community, trying cases in public in I (ING AMANULLAH'S attempted the old native way. They are respon- reforms in Afghanistan have not sible for the equitable distribution of been without their effect in Persia. rations, and sEie that rules are obeyed. While the movement for the unveiling The patients have gardens to culti- of women, has not made much progvate; own property; work for wages; ress, the cause of women's .education buy and sell; remit money to their is steadily going forward. There are homes; have Post Office Savings Bank seventy-six more girls' schools in accounts and may have quite a sum to Persia today than there were three their credit when discharged as cured. years ago. Persia is the only one There are schools for the children, and of the original Moslem countries Anglican and Wesleyan churches. where Christian converts are to be About half the patients are Christian, found. Communities of these have most of them becoming so after en- sprung up in the last ten years, but trance. Many learn to read, and be- the policy of the Government is to put come local preachers upon their return difficulties in the path of these conhome. verts, and to check their numbers. The lot of the Christian Persian is There is an air of cheerfulness sur- steadily becoming harder. prising to see. Some time ago the patients, entirely on their own initiative, News From Bahrain convened a general meeting and discussed what they should do to in- BAHRAIN Boy's School found it fluence other sufferers from leprosy necessary this year to employ an to come to the Institution. additional teacher, a Palestinian con- vert from Islam. The enrolment WESTERN ASIA reached 76 in 1930, about one-fourth Syrian Wom.en Make Demands being Jews and Christians. Two were Hindus, the rest Mohammedans. As THE Oriental Woman's Congress in the past, English instruction is the which convened recently at Da- drawing card. mascus, Syria, passed resolutions which, if carried through, will make The Girl's School enrolled 107 for striking changes in the status of wom- the year, of which 76 were Moslem. en in that country. It is desired that The school is being operated on $33.00 the purchase price, now paid by the a month. Cordial relations are main- Moslem for his bride, and the dowry tained between these two schools, and which the non-Moslem bride brings to power for good is being generated.

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Medical work has also grown, dis- ings; "I cannDt cDmmand it, but I pensary treatment showing an in- suggest that we dD nDt have questiDns crease 'Of 7,632 cases, with 171 mere tonight, hut that we go quietly home operations in the Men's Hospital and a to think and tD pray 'Over what the corresponding grewth in the Wemen's speaker has said tD us." Hospital. Outcalls have been made in every direction. Indian nurses proved At the students' camp near Delhi so capable that they make many calls there was an undertDne 'Of unrest without a physician.-Neglected Ara- amDng the students, fDr the NatiDnalbia. ist mDvement had struck the Chfi.stian students tD. When decisiDns were INDIA, BURMA, SIAM asked for, the first to r€spond was a leading Nationalist, and one by one Untouchables in Schools the several hundred students tODk a unanimous stand for Christ. T HE Educational Department 'Of the Government of Bombay has issued Dr. Jones reports more skeptiqism a regulation that reads as follDws; than in the previDus twenty years, but he feels it tD be a sign of the slough- The GDvernment of Bombay has laid ing 'Off of dead superstition. down their policy that nD disability should be imllosed on the children 'Of the Cost of Discipleship depressed classes receiving educatiDn in schools conducted by any public author- I N AN outcaste village 'Of South ity. The depressed classes pay tbe same India a heathen festival was tD take rates and taxes as other classes so tbat place. Before the idol grove trenches they should have equal educatiDnal facili- were being dug as all fODd tD be eaten ties. Those WhD object tD the education would have tD be cooked before the 'Of these classes along with their own chil- gods, 'Offered to them, and then be dren are at liberty to make their 'Own ar- taken for the feast. rangements withDut assistance from public funds. Where public schDols are held This ceremony sorely troubled an in temples or sacred buildings or in build- outcaste lad whD recently had been ings hired subject to the condition 'Of the baptized. DDwn tD the mission house exclusion 'Of the depressed classes, efforts he went to talk with the missiDnary. should be made to obtain other accom- "Sir," he said, "Do you think I should modation. There has been some improve- eat fODd that will be 'Offered to idDls ment in recent years, but the policy 'Of tDmorrow?" The missiDnary knew admissiDn 'Of depressed class children has that to ask a boy tD go witheut fODd not been given effect in all places and for a whole day while the rest 'Of the there are many SChODls in which they are family were feasting was not an easy not allowed to sit with the rest of the matter. Turning tD the boy he said, children attending the SChODls. The GDV- "What is Jesus saying to YDU in YDur ernment will not tolerate such a state of heart?" The boy replied, "He says, affairs. They direct that in all publicly 'Don't.' " The missionary answered, managed institutiDns there ShDUld be "If Jesus says in YDur heart, 'DDn't,' equality of treatment between children there is nD use asking me what you 'Of different communities advanced, back- are tD dD." TDgether they asked God ward or depressed. tD give the lad grace to do what Jesus had said tD him in his heart. The Indian Road On the festival day the little band E STANLEY JONES has held 'Of Christians gathered to hDld their • meetings in centers where polit- service among the assembled idol WDr- shippers who were watching the fDDd ical disturbances have been acute. At being CODked before the gDds. The Meerut, the center 'Of the nonCODper- idDls were to the right and the Chrisative movement, the famous CDmmu- tian 'Open-air meeting to the left 'Of nist trial has been in prDgress 'Over a the entrance to the village. The singyear; Nationalists had held nightly meetings with an attendance of frDm 5,000 tD 50,000, yet Dr. JDnes spDke tD a crDwded hall each night. A Hindu lady-a prDminent NatiDnalistsaid at the clD·se of 'One 'Of the meet-

ing of the Christians was well started uplift of the Indian women. I honestly when the lad appeared at the village think that they have done more for womentrance. Would he join his family en's education in this country than the by th~ idols and so be assured of a government itself. At pTesent India has feast, or would he stand with the several other religious bodies doing work Christians and thus forego his food? in the field of women's education, but in The missionary lifted his heart to God the past the Christian missionaries were for ,strength and courage to be given, the only agencies in that field, as is seen and presently the lad turned toward from the history of their institutions the little group of Christians and be- spread throughout the length and breadth fore his heathen relatives took his of India, under the selfless and devoted stand for Christ and against the gods. management of Christian workers-both When the lad returned home, he asked men and women. his heathen father if he might have food that had not been offered to idols. Had it not been for this noble band of But his father drove him from the Christian women teachers, who are the home telling him that if he would not product of the missionary training eat what the family was eating he schools, even this much advancement in could have nothing. the education of the Indian women would not have been possible; even this day in Since this event God has honored every province we find the missionary the faithful witness of the young out- women teachers working hard in a spirit caste. Persecution followed, but to- of love and faith, in out-of-the-way vilday he is one of the finest Christian lages, where the Hindu and Moslem wommen in his village-blessed and hon- en dare not penetTate, Even now they ored of God.-H. MERRIWEATHER, in form the strength of the teaching prothe Ceylon and India General Mission fession. More than the educational and Bulletin. the cultural contribution made by these missionary agencies to the Indian nation, A Hindu Woman's Testimony the noble and self-sacrificing examples of the men and women who, infused with a MRS. MUTHULAKSHMI REDDI, a spirit of love and service for suffering well-known Hindu lady of Ma- humanity and true to the teachings of dras, and a doctor by profession, has their prophet, face obstacles and live been taking an active part in social very often a single lonely life, cannot but reform activities. She was a member have a very beneficial effect upon the and deputy president of the Madras men and women of the country. Legislative Council. Through her untiring efforts a bill was placed on Church Union in South India the statute book of that province prohibiting the dedication of girls to THE union into one South India Hindu temples as deva dasis (servants United Church, with the Wesleyans of the gods), which in actual practice and the Church of England, has promeans prostitution. gressed one step further. This plan was initiated in 1919, was submitted Presiding over the All-India Wom- to the churches and has since been en's Conference at Lahore in January, undergoing a process of adaptation. Dr. Reddi said of the work done by The Joint Committee has now come Christian missionaries for women's to an unanimous agreement on the education in India: main outline of the plan, and is sub- mitting it for approval to the churches I will be failing in my duty if I do not in India, as well as to the affiliated offer a word of tribute to the several mis- churches in England and America. sionary educational organizations who have been the pioneers in every province The general principle of the agree- in the cause of female education. The ment is the recognition of the values woman population of this country has in each of the churches, and an at- been placed under a deep debt of grati- tempt to frame a basis of union which tude to the missionary agencies for their should preserve them all. The final valuable contribution to the educational paragraph of the Foreword is in part as follows: We fully realize that there are differ- ences of belief, of practice and of tradi- tion, but we are fully convinced that the members of the uniting churches will

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bring into the common life and organiza- obtaimng a vision and an evangelistic tion of the United Church whatever of passion and new doors are being value' they have learned in their separate opened on many sides.-C. L. Klein in organizations. "The, News."

Let us do all that in us lies to share Siam Encourages Missions with each other all that God has given us by way of revelation and enlighten- CHRISTIANITY is free to extend ment. itself by every fair means in every place in Siam. In many pieces Good News from Burma. of missionary, educational, medical and welfare work, the highest officials THE whole Shwegyin Field is alive of the government generously coop- with interest about evangelism. erate with gifts and commendation. Here is evidence that a town school can be an evangelizing agency. We King Chulal'Ongkorn, the greatest were assisted by two men from the leader of Siam's renaissance, once seminaries, but the work was done said: "American missionaries have largely by the team. Behind the cam- done more f.or the advancement of my paign was weeks of prayer by three people than any other foreign influprayer groups. ence, and the Siamese rulers today are grateful for the many benefits in- January 23, the Shwegyin Karen troduced to their subjects by Presby- School Gospel Team left town to hold terian missionaries. Modern medicine a campaign at Saw Thet Tah Village. and surgery, education in public This team was made up of twenty health, the segregation and care of member-s including the missionary lepers, of wh'Om there are a large and school band. We walked twelve number, proper obstetrics and care miles in the heat of the day, each per- of children, have been some 'Of the son carrying some luggage. We achievements 'Of Presbyterian misclimbed over two mountains and sions in Siam. waded streams knee-deep no less than five times before we reached our des- The present king of Siam, like his tination. We were happy, because the two predecessors, is a highly enlightlove of God was in our souls and our ened, progressive and benev'Olent ruler. hearts and minds were filled with an It is told that once when visiting anindomitable purpose. other country the king was informed that 'One of his princes was living This time we had no one from out- there. "What does he do?" inquired side to help us but God was with us. the king. "Why, nothing," was the The campaign was the biggest and reply. His majesty rejoined, "Then the best yet conducted by our group. he doesn't bel'Ong to us. We work." As a result two backsliders, one out And so they do, for the welfare and of the church more than twenty years, advancement of their country. – The seven from Christian homes and ilfty- Presbyterian. four from heathen homes came to Christ. One of the fifty-four was a CHINA Karen Buddhist priest. We discovered that the sixty-three came from nine- Banditry Endangers Mission teen villages-some villages as far as twenty miles distant from Saw Thet LONG-CONTINUED '0 r g ani zed Tah. Nearly half the nonChristians banditry in Shaowu, North Fukien in attendance left before four o'clock, Province, where the American Board Sunday afternoon, but of those re- has been at work for nearly fifty years, maining all but about six persons bas endangered the lives of missionclaimed Christ for their Saviour. aries and has done much to prevent their work from being effective. Events seem to point to the beginnings of a revival in Shwegyin. No Dr. Walter Judd, an American phyless than fifty villages are calling for sician, has been the only f'oreign campaigns. The leaders are rapidly

worker in the station for some time, cently bought ground in the vicinity having directed the mission hospital of about 40 modern factories with ap- at Shaowu since 1925. He has now proximately 40,000 workers and will closed the hospital, where for over two put up a simple hut as the beginning years he ministered to the suffering of a social center to work mainly for populace and a stream of wounded the promotion of the workers' health soldiers and bandits. and education. This center will con- Although his life was continuously tain class and reading rooms and a endangered by roving outlaw bands, clinic for handling the common medi- who are intensely anti-foreign, Dr. cal needs.

Judd remained at his post until he was called home for medical treatment. Earnest Christian Students T In 1925 there were eighteen American HE Chinese Chri,stian Student Movement, starting a few years Board missionaries in Shaowu engaged in medical, educational and evangelistic ago with a cooperative staff from the work. Chinese Christians are now in various missions and the Y. M. C. A., charge of the station. has become a fellowship of Christian Dr. Judd once faced a Communist students, men and women, banded in firing squad, from which he escaped, local and provincial groups, with the when a soldier to whom he had given double purpose of sharing their Chris- medical aid stood before him. At tian life and experience with each Shaowu the hospital was looted seven other and with their fellow-students, times by bandits. and of going out into the common life Dr. Judd is a graduate of the Uni- of the people; to bridge the deep and versity of Nebraska and was formerly ancient gulf between scholar and a traveling secretary of the Student worker; and to do what they can to Volunteer Movement in America. find and meet the needs of "the other Shanghai Model Village half." These student groups invite a few advisors, foreign and Chinese, to FOR four years the Shanghai Y. M. meet with them as they plan their C. A. has been conducting a model programs, but the initiative is theirs.

village for workers at Pootung. With In all they undertake, these ·students the cooperation of surrounding fac- show the sincerity of their convictions tories and organizations the associa- and their eagerness to help and benefit tion has built some 24 simple but their fellows, by living out their sanitary houses for rent to the work- Christianity. ers at only $3 Mex. to $4 a month, supplying them also with free water The Chinese Mission to Lepers T and other facilities. The association HE Church at home is hardly aware of her share in China in conducts in the village hall a day school for the workers' children (num- one of our modern miracles, the cure bering 150), and an evening school of leprosy by the use of chaulmoogra for adult workers (of whom 45 at- oil. There are about 1,000,000 lepers tend). Through these educational ef- in China, and this discovery will make forts many workers have improved possible a total, though gradual, eradi- their physical, financial and family cation of this fearful disease. What is conditions. The village is an experi- the share of the Church in this great ment center. From many places in the work?

interio.r of China requests have come The central committee in Shanghai for information and advice regarding is entirely Christian. There are four- the improvement of housing condi- teEn asylums for lepers in China, some tions, and attempts have already been at Hangchow, Foochow. Amoy, Pakoy, made in other cities to copy the work Siaokan, Nanchang. The Nanchang of the Pootung Model Village. Asylum, which is nearly completed, The Shanghai Association has re- is costing the sum of $10,000 Mexican,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

practically all of it given by Chinese. rural districts to Chri,st, the coopera- It is located in the open country five tive societies by which he hopes to miles out from the city, and in the develop a communal interest among interval .of building, forty lepers are the Christians of Japan, and the labor living in rented quarters, entirely in- group for whom he plans unemploy- adequate. The modern treatment is ment and sick insurance, as well as an used, and the central committee fi- increasing voice in the political and nances the cost of treatment. A economic life of the land? trained nurse, Chinese, is in charge, while a foreign missionary doctor is The Kingdom of God Movement medical attendant. moves 'On and thousands of "decisions" are being made each week. Peasant Equipment for the new building,s to Gospel schools are being established, the amount of $1,000 Mexican was cooperativ(s and other social programs promised at the meeting of the com- are getting under way, church memmittee in Shanghai in November, at- berships are growing, Christ is being tended by Bishop Huntingdon and the preached fr·om shore to shore in the Rev. Mr. Den, chairman of the Fi- empire. nance Committee of the Nanchang Asylum. Japanese Charity The Chinese Mission to Lepers co- THE influence of the Gospel on operates with the London Mission to Japan in teaching charity has re- Lepers and the American Missi'On to sulted in establishing a number of Lepers. This year it begins a five- charitable institutions. W her e as year program which includes the call- formerly there was no organized charing of a National Leper Conference; ity, now all over the country there are organization of a Central Leprosy charity organizations. Many of these Council; enactment of leper laws; institutions are headed by Japanese establishment of at least one leper Christians. There are asylums for h'Ospital in every affected province; the blind, deaf and dumb and the inopening of leper clinics in every large sanj!. There has been a complete refcity; care and training of untainted ormation in these things. The famous children of lepers.~Virginia E. Hunt- orphanage at Wakayama has f'Or years ington, in The Living Church. cared for thousands upon thousands of 'Orphan children. Show me a hos- JAPAN-CHOSEN pital, an orphanage, an asylum for the aged and infirm, and I will tell Kingdom of God Movement you that it was directly due to the influence of the Gospel which the mis- THE Kingdom of God Movement is sionaries preached and taught.~O!tt­ torn with conflicting ideas and look of Missions. purposes, new vs. old, foreign vs. native, unity vs. established churches. A "Dry" Japanese Boat The heterogeneity of the various elements c.omprising it becomes ap- A CCORDING to the Japan Times, a parent. How can the Japanese denom- tl. 2,000 ton freightzr, the Shima inations bec·ome parties to such a Maru, recently docked at Tokyo with movement without claiming for their a gigantic sign "No Drinking" on respective churches as many of the board. It is Japan's first "dry" boat, "kesshinsha" (decisions) as possible? and it is "bone dry." Its captain, How can fundamentalists and m'Od- Jitsutaro Iwata, is the man who is ernists give their best to such an chiefly responsible for starting the evangelistic campaign without intro- Japan Marine Prohibition League. ducing doctrinal considerations? How Four boats out .of twelve which this can Mr. Kagawa be denied the privi- steamship company owns are observlege of organizing the Peasant Gospel ing prohibition, and the League has schools by which he hopes to train some 200 seamen enrolled. On the 2,500 lay evangelists for winning the

above-mentioned ship, the thirty-eight encouragement within these walls. This seamen all practice teetotalism on friendly spirit is prompted by their reshore as well as aboard ship. ligious ideals, and their noble purpose ought never to be lost sight of by you." "Are you really teetotalers always?" they were asked by newspaper men. The English secretary of the Gov- ernor-General, Mr. N. Kondo, said in "Occasional drinking means no pro- part: hibition, doesn't it?" they replied. I am not representing a government "Don't you drink beer sometimes?" official, but a simple friend who always "Beer is an alcoholic drink." prayed for this school, for its develop- "What do you do on Near Year's ment and success. Furthermore, I am a and Bon days?" Christian, and was educated in a Chris· "We do not touch even ceremonial tian college. Therefore, I thoroughly sake." understand how needed true Christian "But you still drink sake at bars and education is at this age of unrest and cafes ?" materialism. When I see this dedication "No, absolutely not." of the chapel and gymnasium' I simply pray and thank God for His grace thus Advances in Korea revealed in the human heart.

T HE Korea Mission of the South- Graduates of this school are found ern Presbyterian Church, despite a all over Korea, and several are now in reduced force and budget, and an in- American colleges and universities creasingly difficult situation, reports preparing for larger usefulness in the past year as one of the most fruit- Korea. Eighty per cent of the stuful it has ever known. Conversions dents in the Korean Theological Semnumbered 1,337. The ten station inary are from this school. Graduates schools and the many country schools, are teaching in Christian schools all all thoroughly Christian in faculty over Korea, in the high schools and and atmosphere, report a year of in Chosen Christian College. They growth and rich spiritual blessing. are preaching in the pulpits, caring Woman's auxiliaries have grown're- for the ,sick in the hospitals. In busimarkably, the native women showing ness and farming they are reflecting real capacity for leadership. All Bible the light.-John Z. Moore. classes and institutes, both for men and for women, report one of the best GENERAL years in their history, with over 500 The Laymen's Investigation of Misin one class. Thousands of better trained Bible students have thus been sions turned back into the church life. Yet there still remain miles of virgin ter- THE Institute of Social and Reliritory, where no one has ever yet gious Research recently undertook named the name of Christ. an investigation of foreign missions. Groups of investigators went to Asia Dedication at Pyengyang to collect data on various problems of missions. This will be reinforced by THE Methodist Church recently the collection of data available in dedicated a new chapel and gym- America. The Institute is now formnasium for the Boys and the Girls ing a commission of twelve to study High Schools in Pyengyang. Viscount all the information thus collected, to Saito, Governor-General of Chosen, study conditions on the principal miswas present and said: sion fields at first-hand, and then are to formulate the final report. The We should not overlook the fact that announcement of the personnel of this the funds coming from America were the commission shows its character. The result of noble sacrifice on the part of report of this commission is being unknown friends, and were sent as tang- eagerly awaited. The question which ible evidence of good will toward you underlies all others in the mind of and all who will receive instruction and thoughtful church members is not as

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to the worthiness of missian work but organization of their evangelistic work whether, for the situatian as it is and terminating on one year's notice all as it gives pramise 'Of becoming, the aid to places that have received fimissianary enterprise is now being nancial aid for ten years or more, and conducted an the wisest, most effective placing all the other statians on a plan. project basis."

For the Blind of the World A Missionary Museum T T HE Mission ta the Blind in Hea- o FURNISH illustrative material then and Bible Lands is helping for the History of Religions and the blind in twenty-one parts of the 'Of the methods and progress of mis- world. Their aim is to save infants, sianary enterprise, Rev. Dr. S. M.

to rescue blind castaways, to support Zwemer, wha occupies the Chair of blind evangelists and Bible women, to Missions in the Theological Seminary help supply Scriptures to the blind. at Princeton, N. J., has begun to col- The twelfth annual report ,shows en- lect material for a missionary library couraging progress and great need. and museum at Princetan. It is nat In Palestine over 90 per cent of the to be a miscellaneous callection 'Of population is said to be suffering from curios, nor a museum of ethnography eye trauble. In India several blind or missianary relics. The church all evangelists are supparted. Other lands over the world is asked to cooperate where help is given ta these sufferers in this enterprise. The classification include China, Japan, Karea, Burma, will include maps, the idea of God, the Philippines, South America, West communion with the unseen, priest- Africa, and Fiji Islands. hood and saintship in all religions, Evangelism and Self-Support revelation and sacred baoks, public warship and religiaus gatherings, and DR. A. L. WARNSHUIS, of the Far- eschatalogy in non-Christian religions. eign Missians Canference, has lately returned fram a taur of the mis- Goodwill Chests T sian fields where he has studied the HE organization which sent 13,000 dolls to the children of Japan, 30,- problems involved in the develupment of self-support. He started an in- 000 Friendship Bags to Mexican vestigatian in Korea under the Na- schaal children, and 28,000 treasure tional Christian Council and launched chests to the Philippines, has Puerto a thorough study in the Philippines Rico on its mind this year. The 200,- under a committee of the National 000 children on that island are our Christian Council. In China he has own people. The committee has arbeen trying to staJ:t several mave- ranged to provide metal chests in ments that will change the prevailing which to placepractice of the use of maney in aid 'Of Iocal churches. He says: "I have 1. A card (to be filled in) stating how an increasing conviction that the un- many lunches the group that sends the wise use of outside financial aid ra- Treasure Chest is providing for boys sults in the killing off 'Of any evan- and girls in Puerto Rico. Each card gelistic spirit that the churches may should represent at least forty hot have. In Amoy we faund that the lunches ($2). A nickel pays for one churches that have been receiving aid hot meal. for fram ten to sixty years were making practically no progress whatever. 2. Pencils, pens, erasers, colored eray- The 'Only growth was in the places ons, a box of paints, toys, small mirrors, hairpins, sewing kits, soap, tooth brushes, etc. Each chest should, if pos- sible, contain at least thirty different articles. where Chinese pastors were supparted Chests may be had for $1.15 each from by the lacal church. As a result of the committee at 289 Fourth Avenue, .the discussiun in Amoy, the Synod New York City, together with a leaflet adopted a plan for the complete re- giving all nece~sary information.-Chris- tian Advocate.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Protestant Cooperation in American Cities. "Evangelism," "Religious Education," By H. Paul Douglass. 514 pp. $3.50 net. Institute of Social and Religious "Social Service,''' "Oooperation by Research, New York. 1931. PrDtestant Women," "Promotion and "Dr. Douglass is at once the historian and the friendly critic of the Publicity." In his own summary of Church Federation Movement. Basing his conclusions upon an exhaus- the ·situatiDn, Dr. DDuglass says: tive study of the origins, history and achievements of the Church Federa- All the machinery of the church vistions in twenty of America's largest ible, as it exists in the American city, cities, he raises questions that are has come to pass according to no general startling and ~ontroversial. Have the plan and no unity of Protestant purpose. Federations come to the parting of What the city presents is a vast spectacle the ways, when they must abandon of churches and allied agencies accithe opportunistic policy of the past dentally founded as to numbers, locaand adopt some basic philosophy of tions and distribution. There is a church cooperation? Does not the plethora of religious institutions….. No ecclesiastical control of the Federa- rational intelligence would plan such retions lag behind the ideals and as- ligious institutions of the city as have pirations of their lay supporters? Is resulted from the crude struggle for surit true that the favorite phrase of vival. To undo the unreason of the past, Federations to express their aims, and now to substitute a system of re- 'What best can be done in common,' ligious organizations in the American has come to mean in practice 'What city, thus becomes a major problem of will not hurt the denominations?'" a generation that is attempting the re- conquest of its civilizaUon and of itself in urban terms through the greatest ex- periment of all times … That the problem belongs to the situation and not merely to Protestant stupidity is evidenced by the complicated internal organization of the Roman Catholic Church in the same cities.

-Foreword. As a part of his technique the au- lt is not an exaggeration to say thor uses various measurements of "the distance feeling" between varhlUs that the study is exhaustive if one groups. One of his basic charts rests means voluminous. Twenty-four chap- upon the survey~d attitudes of 1,780 ters, five appendices, in addition to a Protestant constituents in nine cities. useful index with twenty-nine tables, Even this small and scattered group six appendix tables and fifteen graphic came from the cDnstituents 'Of Church charts constitute the framewDrk of Federations. One wDnders whether the volume. In Part 1, entitled "The sweeping generalizatiDns covering General Report," Dr. Douglass pre- "distance feelings" are justified by SD sents such themes as "DenDmination- relatively small a number of source alism and Religious Partisanship," contacts. "The Church Federation Movement," "Oooperative Activities," "Present Dr. Douglass completes his verdict Limits of Federative Cooperation," upon the Federation mDvement by "Currents and Eddies of Federation sensing as its chief lack, that "it is Thinking." In Part II, entitled "The not profDund enough for the ends Technical Report," the author dis- which it seeks." He feels that it cusses such matters as "The Com- succeeds in accomplishing certain mittee System," "The Paid Staff," practical purpDses by the utilization 554

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'Of naive impulses and "the aVDidance like inexhaustibleness of His life and 'Of majDr difficulties" and nDt because work. Although He lived amDng men either 'Of deep and clear thinking Dr nineteen centuries agG, new accounts 'Of candid and sacrificial leadership. of His brief days 'On earth are still The FederatiDn MDvement, in 'Other appearing year by year in an attempt words, is hDpelessly DPPDrtunistic, at to shed new light on His character the present time. It 'Only dDes what and ministry. Mr. Mathews, whD is practically all the cDDperating fDrces well known for his life ·of "Living- are willing tD have dDne. It is an stone the Pathfinder," and "Paul the 'Open secret that the authDr's desire Dauntless" and 'Other excellent vol- is tD have the enterprise launch 'Out umes, visited Palestine a number 'Of intD the deep. The data he has times to make himself familiar with gathered SD painstakingly affDrd 'One the background of this wonderful life.

scant hGpe that such an excursiDn intD With a critical mind, but a devout the open sea is abDut to be undertaken. Christian spirit, he studied the land, Federations will cDntinue to have an the peDple and the BODk. He alSD interesting but subDrdinate place in gathered many modern sidelights the thinking of American PrDtestant- frDm archeDlogy and Oriental life in ism. It may even lead tD further order to make this a readable and re- wholesome reactiDn from the recDg- liable story of the earthly life of the nized perils and evils 'Of sectarianism. God-man, the SaviDur-LDrd.

On the whDle it will move abDut as Mr. Mathews draws chiefly on the fast as a ·slow moving Protestantism records of the four Evangelists which permits. If it should move much he accepts as authentic in all majDr faster it would become a sporadic matters. They are in fact our 'Only spectacle. "Protestant Cooperation in reliable SDurce of knDwledge of Jesus'

American Cities" is a fair minded earthly life. He omits the "virgin presentatiDn 'Of a situation saturated birth" as recorded in Matthew and with traditionalism and 'Only faintly Luke, but states his belief that St.

tinged with elements 'Of aggressive Luke's narrative 'Of the early years Is -spiritual discovery and achievement. based on infDrmation given to the It is a mirrDr 'Of our PrDtestant be- writer by the Mother 'Of Jesus. He havior when we make polite calls upDn dDes nDt hesitate tD accept, as worthy 'Our denominatiDnal neighbors. One of belief, the miracles, such as the may rub the glass to see whether by feeding 'Of the five thousand, walking some hidden magic, puppets will be- 'On the water, the transfiguratiDn, heal- CDme soldiers and mere interdenomi- ing the sick, cleansing the lepers, cast- national activities will be transformed ing out demons and raising the dead.

intD vital, united Christian passion. He does not attempt to minimize or Now and then gleams 'Of such a trans- explain them on a naturalistic basis formation seem to appear, but they or as due to the common but mistaken are nebulDus and ephemeral. Dr. beliefs of the peDple 'Of His day. The Douglass' volume leads us nDwhere, physical resurrection and appearances gives vivid analyses without cDnclu- of Jesus are also accepted as recDrded sive issues. That is both its strength in the New Testament.

and its weakness; and both are in- We have here a well written, herent in the situatiGn which he SD st "aight fDrward narrative of Jesus' faithfully and intelligently depicts. life on earth, as viewed by a devDut student who accepts Him as personal W.H.F. SaviDur and Lord. It is not a Bible The Life of Jesus. By Basil Mathews. exposition Dr an interpretation of 506 pp. $3.00. Richard R. Smith, Jesus, His teachings and ministry but New York. 19.31. is interesting and helpful and, from a One evidence of the deity of Jesus literary and Christian point 'Of view, is His undying influence and the God- takes its place amDng the best.

The Reform M~"ement in Judaism. David the advocates of the one claiming that Philipson, D.D. 503 pp. $4.50. MAc- millan. New York. Judaism's truth will eventually prevail This is a revised edition of Dr. without active efforts being put forth Philipson's scholarly volume, published in 1907. During the past twenty-four to gain adherents to its doctrines, years much has happened in the field of reform in Judaism, and this volume while others hold that there are at has incorporated much valuable supplemental material and brings the present great opportunities for Judachanges which have taken place in the reform movement up-to-date. ism, and that if the proper steps were In opposition to orthodoxy, which is taken, many who are dissatisfied with largely static, reform Judaism seeks to adapt the fundamental principles of other creeds will eagerly take refuge the ancient faith to the conditions of modern life and thought. It main- within its ranks." That men and tains that God's revelation is progressive, and that Judaism has within women born outside the Jewish faith itself the authority to adapt this revelation to the changing conditions of do become identified with it is evisuccessive ages. Dr. Philipson traces the growth of the reform movement denced by the action of the Central from its inception in Germany early in the nineteenth century to our own Conference which, in 1891, laid down generation, and particularly in the United States. the conditions upon which proselytes The departure of reform Judaism should be received into the Jewish from orthodoxy is seen at very many points. The reform house of worship fold, and which, in 1927, adopted a is named a temple instead of a synagogue; the service is largely in the manual for the instruction of prosevernacular; it brings together the sexes in the family pew, and makes use lytes. J. S. C. of the organ and mixed choir; it rejects the belief in the coming of a per- Waste-Basket Surgery. By Gordon S. Seasonal Messiah, and is opposed to the grave. 174 pp. $1.50. Judson Press. restoration of Israel, as a nation, to Philadelphia. 1930. Palestine. The dispersion of the Jews is regarded as a providential means of Here is an intimate picture of medfulfilling the Jewish mission, rather ical mission work on the Chinese fronthan as a punishment for sin, as taught tiers of civilization. In America where by orthodoxy. The Mosaic and rabbin- comforts and luxuries surround us ical ritual regulations are largely dis- many are unable to realize the condicarded as foreign to the views and tions that exist in lands less favored. habits of modern civilization, and as In this book we see the work of a busy lacking in spiritual value. Reform physician who talks while he works. holds that ethical monotheism and What he sees as he makes his rounds loyalty to the Jewish heritage are the in the hospital wards and busy clinics fundamentals of Judaism. would be depressing were it not for his unfailing humor in the midst ofa dif- The question of whether Judaism ficult situation. We see them moving should seek proselytes is one that has patients about on doors, using a sadreceived much consideration by the dle pony as an ambulance; operating leaders of reform. Dr. Philipson says: on a dirt floor with instruments sal- "There are two well-defined positions, vaged from the waste-basket of an American hospital; there is very in- adequate sterilization; ignorant pa- tients tear open stitches of their own wounds. In spite of these handicaps, poor nursing, and over-crowded con- ditions with little or no assistance, the missionary phy·sician goes cheer- ily on his way, making the best of a difficult situation.

In six short years fear and super- stition were broken down and replaced by love and confidence. Kachins and Shans from two tribes that are sworn enemies, meet together in the wards of this humble institution and each

BOOKS WORTH READING

learn that after all the other is not presentation of His Gospel. He thereso bad. Hindus, Burmese and Chi- f'Ore makes the Church central in any nese; Buddhists and Christians, oc- adequate scheme of village developcupy beds side by side and learn to ment and points the way to the reenjoy each other's fellowship. Such building of rural life in accordance a work of love and mercy cannot be with the Law of God. in vain. The plan of the book is thus de- Ignorant and poorly educated na- scribed: tive girls are being trained to become good nurses and able midwives. Such To describe as briefly as possible those a service is heroic and represents the conditions in rural India which form the type of work that must be done in background of the missionary enterprise; these outlying areas before they can to outline the movement for rural uplift; be opened to modern civilization. to indicate some of the means for strengthening village work in the light These humble beginnings are foun- of the larger Christian purposes; to sugdation ·stones on which schools and gest methods of cooperation of Christian colleges with modern medical insti- and other forces; and to try to show that tutions and complicated public health leadership in the task of erecting an adeorganizations are to be built in the quate rural civilization in India is part future. If American people could pro- of a common world task for the Christian duce more of this sort of men, and Church. had the spirit to back them up with money and prayers, this work might Dr. Butterfield, with ready intuition, be advanced so as to uslrer in the marks the ·significance of the movekingdom of our Lord and Saviour. ment in India, where village uplift means the recovery of a lost ideal, the J.H. W. rebuilding of a broken village unity, and he finds in "reconstruction" the The Christian Mission ill Rural India. By fitting word. He is not unmindful, Kenyon L. Butterfield. Rs. 2. N.C.C. however, of the law of change and he Office, Nelson Square, Nagpur, C.P. sees little likelihood of the Indian vil- lage being refashioned according to This book is a permanent and read- the plan of a golden age; but he knows able record of an important piece of the beauty and value of community work faithfully done. In the grow- life and believes they can be restored. ing literature on rural reconstruction The "rural reconstruction unit," sums it will hold an influential place. The up the Butterfield rural philosophy. accuracy and balance of a state docu- Here is his own definition: ment are here allied to fine human feeling and informed by an unhesitat- A rural reconstruction unit is a group ing Christian view of life. Facts are of contiguous villages, perhaps ten to fifmarshalled by a scientific hand and teen in number, in which as full a proconclusions are drawn by a trained gram as possible of rural reconstruction observer. But the book is more than service shall be made available to all peoa storehouse of well sifted information ple. All agencies for educational, health, and accumulated wisdom, it is a con- economic, and social progress will be fession of faith on the part of a dis- urged to pool their efforts through some ciple who sees in the weather-beaten form of community council, in an at- Indian peasant the divinely appointed tempt to get the people to cooperate in steward of the soil and in every field building a new type of Indian rural coma temple of God. In this approach to munity. The Church must lead in the the rural problem lies the real sig- endeav·or to make the enterprise thornificance of the book. To Dr. Butter- oughly Christian in spirit. field village uplift is more than an attractive form of Christian philan- By serving the two great purposes thropy: it is an inevitable expression of demonstration and inspiration the of· the Spirit of Christ, a living rural reconstruction unit points the way to the building of a truly Chris- tian rural civilization. It is an en- deavor to bring to bear all the uplift- ing influences associated with the

Christian message on the life of the and that this Council should do everycountryside, and thereby opens the ~hing in its power to further such a polgates of the more abundant life to all the people, irrespective of caste, creed ICy.

J. Z. HODGE.* or social position. Among these up- Religion and Civilization in West Africa. lifting influences the primary place must be given to the Church, wherein A Missionary Survey of French Brit- resides the "strong central driving ish, Spanish and Portuguese' We8t force" which the Report of the Royal Africa, with Liberia. By J. J. Cooksey Commission on Agriculture holds to and Alexander McLeish. pp. 277. 58. be essential to the carrying through World Dominion Press. London. 1931. of schemes of village uplift. Allied to the Church must be the school, for The oft quoted words of David Liv- "education is the fundamental meth- ingstone: "The end of the geographod" and the schoolma,ster has a great ical feat is the beginning of the mispart to play in rebuilding rural India. sionary enterprise" could be applied But Church and school must not be to this and the other admirable surleft to fight the good fight alone, the veys prepared by the World Dominion home, the hospital and the cooperative Press. Some earlier volumes in the bank have a contribution of inesti- series have been criticised because of mable value to make. Unrelieved suf- inaccuracies, but this is of high charfering abounds and the hospital is acter, with excellent maps, statistical usually far away, an endeavor must tables, and carefully collected facts. therefore be made to provide a med- The foreword contains a list of names that inspire.g confidence in the reader.

ical and health service, and this the The whole survey covers twenty rural reconstruction unit sets out to colonies in West Africa and impresses do. A sufficiency of Christian homes one with the rapid occupation and the and a network of well-run cooperative stupendous changes that have taken banks together with the resources of place within a few decades. Railways, the rural church, the rural school and good roads, air routes, and better the rural hospital would turn these steamer connections are rapidly trans- debt and disease ridden villages into forming all West Africa. Its wealth "colonies of heaven." of natural resources is being poured Dr. Butterfield's heritage to India into the world markets. Christian is the rural reconstruction unit. It is missions have labored under grave a call to churches and missions to difficulties from the beginning. The enter unitedly and hopefully into a death roll has been great, and the great field of service. Guidance will average period of life service short.

be found in these pages for all who Furloughs are neces-sarily frequent, have a mind to serve rural India and but meanwhile a Christian Commuwe earnestly hope that the book will nity of 313,599 has grown up. The be widely read. Dr. Butterfield has story of the remarkable increase due given us a splendid lead. His plan to the "Prophet" Harris is told here has been endorsed by the National and reference is made to other Afri- Christian Council in these well- can leaders.

weighed words: The account of Liberia does not It is our considered judgment that the mention the recent drastic criticisms creation of Rural Reconstruction Units of the Government as to slavery. The having their roots in the great human in- conclusions at the end of the Survey terests of the Church, the school, home, speak of missionary waste and overthe hospital and the bank, and reaching lapping, because of sectarianism. The out in the spirit of Christ through co- following criticism of educational op.eration ~o serve. the religious, educational, medIcal, SOCIal and economic needs * From The National Christian OounciZ Reof all the rural people should be the view. united policy of missions and churches

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missions in West Afr{ca may not meet knowledge, or even of performance- which may be divorced from real inwith universal approval. terest-but also and perhaps su- premely a matter of appreciation, of In view of the fact that such serious identifying self with the thing known objections can be urged against the na- and done, the author tells of his perture of much of the secular education, ·sonal experience wi th the Lincoln also that Christian education is so very monument, the facts about which he inadequately done, that three-quarters of knew and to which he paid an initial the missionaries are now engaged in edu- visit. The monument so won his cational undertakings, that Government whole self, that on his next visit to now controls the educational policy and Washington he spent his spare time will more and more direct it, a reconsid- in lying on the grass on the lawn in eration of the wh{)le educational activi- front, drinking in the beauty and meaning of it. s. ties of missions is called for. Prof. Fleming's work is thoroughly M. Z. modern. He emphasizes the newest ideas regarding education and psy- Education for World-Mindedness. By Al- chology. The mathematics teacher, bert John Murphy. Abingdon Reli- in order to teach John geometry, must gious Education Texts, College Series. not only know geometry, but even 366 pp. $2.50. Abingdon Press. 1931. more he must know John. He stresses response and initiative and "doing" This is presumably a manual for on the part of the pupil, or of the National in the mission field. college classes, and particularly for He contrasts those who from the teachers. Its title is descriptive of beginning have developed or promoted or waited for the initiative, the planits scope. Among other phases of its ning and the execution of needed tasks by the Nationals, with those who, by subject, it deals with missions. The the help of authority and funds have author acknowledges his indebt~dness carried the tasks through, or have at- tempted so to do. The results seem to Professor John Dewey, and his edu- to justify the former method.

cational point of view is that of this Running through the book is a very profound respect for the sanctity of well-known teacher and philosopher. each individual, however weak or ig- norant or suppressed such a person His approach to missions is of the may be. Thus in dealing with com- pulsory Bible teaching in mission distinctly liberal type and is indicated schools, 'our author says: "There are two sides to this big question of reby the characterization of the "demo- quired Bible teaching in mission schools, and it will therefore be absurd cratic concept of missions" as "shared to try to settle the question in a few paragraphs. In hosts of places it does religious values," as against "the un- not have the atmosphere of coercion, and little harm, if any, is done from social concept of missions" as "uncom- that aspect of the matter. But what we are here pointing out is that it is promlsmg attitudes toward other incontestable that in many places it does have all the characteristics of a religions, ror example, 'Give up Bud- coercion experience, and that in every place where Bible classes and chapel dhism and accept Christianity.''' The book is more adapted to teachers than to students. While there is much that is commendable about it, the author apparently does not know missions sufficiently to have made his volume particularly useful in introducing stu- dents to the subject. K. S. L.

Helping People Grow. An Application of Educational Principles to Christian Work Abroad. By Daniel J. Fleming. 208 pp. $2.50. Association Press. New York. 1931.

This book applies the principle teachings of modern psychology and education to the problems of foreign missions with lucidity, helpfulness and objectivity. Some of the illustrations are very happy. In driving home the fact that education is not only a matter of understanding, of acquiring

are required for students of another China's Revolution from the Inside. By religion and race, those responsible should be most alert to know what is R. Y. Lo, Ph.D. 370 pp. $2. Abingactually going on within the minds don Press. New York. and hearts of the students." There are numerous books on China The writer of this review, questions some of the author',s modern principles by foreigners, but comparatively few as not going to the roots of human by the Chinese themselves. This one life. Prof. Fleming seems to say that if one knew all that the modern edu- is doubly welcome. The author is one cators of America had to say about human nature and educational prin- of the influential and constructive ciples, one could go out and always do Christian leaders of China. Educated the right thing and always apply the right principle. But human nature is first at a missionary college and afterfar too subtle and environment is far too complex and changeable for any ward in America, a Doctor of Philossuch intellectual or educational solu- ophy of Syracuse University, he has tion of the intricate problems of hu- been editor of the Chtnese Christian man growth. Advocate at Shanghai for the last ten years. He is a member of several in- In the book there throbs no supreme terdenominational Christian bodies, passion for righteousness, justice, mercy and self-immolating suffering and is chairman of the National Antifor others-without which there is no helping people grow. The major Opium Association .of China. thesis of the book is that if you put the Nationals always as supreme, and He gives a birds-eye view of the Revolution, and then discusses the various movements that are surging in present-day China, closing with the WomAn's Movement and the Christian Movement. The book is written in excellent English, and is character- ized by ability, soundness of judgment and Christian spirit. A. J. B.

if you glorify the native church, you Guinness of Honan. By Mrs. Howard will be right, but that if you promote Taylor. 322 pp. $1.75. China Inland anything foreign you will be wrong. Mission. Philadelphia.

This whole contrast tends to run with Missionary biography is enriched the modern mania for Nationalism. by this interesting and attractive There is much to be said for this volume. The beloved medical missi:::m- trend, but if Christianity ever loses ary whose life story is recorded .in the certain knowledge that Christ is its pages opened, with Dr. Sydney supreme above nations and National- Carr, the first hospital in the Province ism, that one can never be an Ameri- of Honan, China, and for thirty years can first and a Christian afterwards, he toiled there with indefatigable then indeed Christianity and Christian energy, professional skill, humanita- missions are done for. rian sympathy, and Christ-like dev.o- The book does not go deep enough; tion. He was a man of faith and it accepts uncritically all of modern prayer, eager to help in saving the thought with little discrimination. It souls as well as the bodies of his nu- treats superficially the whole problem merous patients. His hospital at Kai- of evil in relation to the growth of feng was not only a place of physical personality. By this time we ,should healing but of spiritual power. The have some very eminent examples of hardships of life in the interior of living from these American theorists, China were many and the peril some- were the deepest truths contained in times great, but all were cheerfully this volume. The book should be read met "for Jesus sake" and the people by Christian workers, because it pre- for whom He died. The preparation sents one aspect of the truth that we of this biography was a labor of love all need to understand. by his sister. A. J. B.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1931

BEVELLS ANN&aCI: '

AVOID THIS ~. MISFORTUNE LET YOUR GIFT "I know of no one more deserving to Foreign Missions of sympathy than a woman with limited I resources, without children to advise PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME her, without business experience, sud- denly left a widow and compelled to You can make a generoUS gift to foreign mis- settle an estate." sions and have a needed income for yourself and others from the money you give by the Who will be her advisor? Who will share her troubles and re- Annuity Gift Plan sponsibilities? Who will provide for her in case of This plan relieves you of uncertain ty and loss of principal? worry caused by changing va]ues of invested funds and assures you a fixed income of This can all be avoided by investing your savings in Annuity Agreement. 4t% to 9% per year of the Methodist Mission Boards. for the rest of your life For furilier illformation write: A reserve fund of over $1.500.000 guarantees MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board I the prompt payment of annuities to you.

of Foreign llissiolls of the Methodist Protect yourself against loss through unwise investments and at the same time E Yor,kl, _N'. YC.h,"cocrh. ISO Fl"h A"""" Ncw I help send the gospel to all the world.

W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of For .lull in/ormation wrz"te Erne.t F. Hall~ Secretary~ Dept. of Annuiti•• Home :Missions and Church ExtenslOn of the ~ ethochst Episcopal Church, 170 Arch BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS St, Philadelphia Pa. of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

156 Fifth Avenue. New York – – – – – – – —–~ ~ — PERSONALS School of Missions at Mount Hermon, THE REV. HERBERT F. LAFLAMME has California, has been reelected chairman recently become promotion secretary for and has plans under way for the next the New York area for The American school, July 4-11, which will be the Mission to Lepers. He will be associated .. ..'" twenty-fifth session of the school.

with the General Secretary, Mr. Wm. M. DR. S. H. CHESTER, for some years the Danner, with headquarters at 156 Fifth honored and beloved secretary of the Avenue. For eighteen years Mr. La- Executive Committee for Foreign Mis- flamme served as a Baptist missionary sions of the Presbyterian Church in the in India. For three and a half years United States, celebrated his eightieth he was Traveling Secretary for the Stu- birthday on January seventeenth at the dent Volunteer Movement for Foreign home of his daughter in Passaic, New Missions, for ten years he was one of Jersey. … … …

the Field Secretaries of the Laymen's Missionary Movement, and for the last DR. JOHN M. MOORE has resigned as general secretary of the Federal Counten years he has been Field Secretary cil in charge of the development of state and local federation. The direction of the Greater New York Federation of of these features of the Federal Council is now to be in the hands of Dr. Roy B. Churches. '" … Guild, with headquarters in Chicago.

Upon THE REV. DR. J. A. MOREHEAD, THE REV. AND* M*RS*. JONATHAN Go- president of the Executive Committee of FORTH, of China, have started back for their difficult field in Manchuria, leaving the Lutheran World Convention, the Toronto on December 26th.

King of Denmark and Iceland has be- THE REV. C. R*AN*KIN* BARNES, rector stowed knighthood in the Order of of St. James' Church, South Pasadena, Calif., has been elected assistant secre- Dannebrog. The honor was conferred tary of the Department of Christian So- cial Service of the National Council of for relief service in Europe as commis- the Protestant Episcopal Church, sioner of the National Lutheran Council and distinguished service to the churches and to the. nations through leadership in the Lutheran World Convention move- … … . ment.

MRS. W. E. CROUSER, who successfully guided the 1930 session of the Federate Please mention THE MISSIONARY RIIlVIIIlW OF THill WORLD In wrltlnl: to advertisers. Missionary Society J. P. BUNTER, B.A., L.L.B., of Poona, Workers and Members India, died on November 25th at the age of 58. He was a strong Christian and was WiliWeleome Government Pleader and Public Prose- cutor at Poona. Though a lawyer by This 8-Section 20-Lesson Course by profession, which involved great pres- sure of legal work, he took the keenest Rev. R. H. Grover, M. D., F. R. G. S. interest in Christian work, and for nearly 40 years was a pillar of strength O~p~~~le~r~a;w~i~~i°:tefi~~e~e~~;ma~3e O{aSl~ to the C. M. S. Church at Poona. He was a member of the All-India Council opportunities for further missionary effort~ of the National Missionary Society rep- What and how much of it can you conscientiously resenting the Bombay Presidency. His say that you know? zeal for the preaching of the Gospel was great and he found in the Bible the In every church, in every missionary society, whole inspiration of his devoted life and in the life and experience of every church worker worship. Last year he was chosen as -there comes a time when only specific facts wi]] the president of the Bombay Representserve. For these reasons this 20-Lesson Course ative Council of missions. One of the becomes living monuments of his self-sacrificing achievements is the development of an a Real Help and Inspiration to educational institution at Hadapsar, five Every Student 01 Missions miles from Poona, for the education of the agricultural classes. The Govern- Eager to know this Special Field ment recognized his merits and nomi- nated him a member of the Bombay If you are not alreadY enroJled 8S a Correspondence Legislative Council. In 1928 he was Student. why not start with this course of Home awarded the Kaiser-i-hind medal. Study with the view of becoming the missionary authority in your ch urch or foreign mission circle? By ** the MOOdy Bible lnstitute method YOU may acquire the necessary knowledge in the quiet privacy of your RAJA SIR HARNAM SINGH, K.C.I.E., own home through a c:ourse of inspiring. stimulating the veteran Indian Christian leader and home study lessons prepared by a leading authority. first president of the National Mission- ary Society of India, died last year. Especially suitable'for classes. Greatly reduced fees Born in a princely family his conversion for classes of ten or more. was romantic and entailed a stupen- dous sacrifice of power and prestige. Sign and mail the coupon below and let us send full Deeply interested in the welfare of the information concerning this training for Christian Indian Christian community, his maniworkers. fold activities reveal the greatness of the departed soul. He gave over half MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE a lakh of rupees for the benefit of Indian Christian scholars. The King recognized CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL the services of the Raja to the Empire by making him a K.C.I.E. He was a Dep. 4684-··153 In.tit.t. PllCe CHICAGO member of the Chamber of Princes, and was a Moderator of the General As- – – – I~h;~:i~~e~n:;i;::—– sembly of the United Church of India, North. I Dept. 4684. 153 Institute Place. Chicago. W. I Send me further particulars regarding your World ** I W[de Missions Course of Home Study. REV. WILLIAM EDWARD GOWARD, a I Name…. ……………………………………… missionary of the London Missionary Society, for over thirty years in Samoa L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I I Address………………………. ,…………… ,…………………………..~ , and the Gilbert Islands, died in Worth- ing, England, on February 16th. Mr. OBITUARY Goward was born at Market Har- borough in 1860, and went out to Samoa DR. EUGENE S. BOOTH, who went to in 1888. From 1899 until their retire- Japan in 1879, as a missionary of the ment in 1910 Mr. and Mrs. Goward Reformed Church in America, died in worked under the trying climatic and New York on February 9th. He was isolated conditions of the Gilbert Islands. born on August 16, 1850, in Trumbull, Their Central Trading Station at Rongo- Connecticut, and was graduated from Rongo was a model of order and organ- Rutgers College in 1876. For thirty ization, a settlement of 320 people with years he was President of Ferris Sem- neat houses, spacious church and school inary, Yokohama, retiring in 1922. buildings for the separate grades of students, printing and other workshops; ** boathouses, stores, and two airy houses for Europeans, exactly suited to the THE REV. S. B. ROBOLD, well-known breathless climate. principal of tbe Mount Carmel Bible School, Haifa, Palestine, died in February. He was a converted Hebrew and formed a wonderful link between Judaism and Christianity. For some years he supplied the notes on mission work among Jews for the REVlEW. Last January the Editor of the REVIEW and Mrs. Pierson visited Mr. and Mrs. Robold in Haifa and saw evidences of their remarkable work.

Plt~fise m('lltion 'rJ1E MISSIONARY REVlEW Oil' THE WORl.D in writing- to ailvertisel's. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD P)I;I.ALN I,. PIP:;RSON, Edltur CONTENTS-April, 1931 Cblaese Twice-Bora By Charles E. Scott Page Studies of spiritual tragedies and triumphs in the FHO.'TISPIECE ….•…•….•.••.••• 244 lives of Chinese Christians, by the author of WONDERS AlIIOl>G CASTE PEOPLE .. · . . • . . . . • . • . • • • CHARI,ES -V. POSNETT 245 "China from Within." $1.50 A HEVIVAL IN HYDERABAD •.•••••• Gods 01 Wealth aad War • ••••••••••••••• CHARLES R. MANLEY 249 By James Livingstone Stewart TRENDS IN TIlE NON-CHRISTIAN WORLD •..•.•… SAMUEL M. ZWEMEB 251 A tale of Modern China by the author of "The lIAS CHRISTIANITY CHANGED? …•. Laughing Buddha." Grim, gripping, romantic, • •••••.••.••.•.•.•• "'". Y. l!""ULLERTON 251 yet over ninety per cent history. $2,00 PRAYER AND COOPERATION IN CHINA ……………. C. Y. CHENG 259 A UNITED CHURCH IN PUERTO RICO Korea: Tbe Old aad the New • •…•.. }l'REI)ERICK LESLIE BaOWNJ..EE 263 'fnE TRAGEDY OF THE INDIAN STU- DENTS ………..•.•……..••••• 266 YOUNG PEOPLE AND THE CHURCH •• By Ellasue Wagner ……………• : …• RALPH McAFEE 267 HOW GIVE THE GOSPEl, TO MOSLEMS A picture of present-day Korea in a day of radi- •….•••••.. 111. A. QAYYUM DASKAWIE 270 cal change and transition, including a study of A GLDIPSE OF HAMLET LIFE IN Il>DIA . . . • . . . . • . • • . JAMES 111. BAKER 273 the heritage of the past, and the problem of ~'HE CRISIS IN PALESTINE •.••••••.• Korea's future. Illustrated, $1.50 …………………. S. B. ROHOLP 276 Alrican Stories IlELIGIOUS INTERESTS IN JAPAN .. By Albert D. Helser, M.A .. • •••••••••••••••••• GORDON CHAPMAN 279 Introduction by Franz Boas, Columbia University TOPICS OF THE TIMES ••••••.••.••• 281 Upwards of eighty stories dealing with every "'HY NOT MORE PROGRESS? conceivable phase of native life and culture ']~HE BATTLE AGAINST CHRIST among the Buras of Northeastern Nigeria.

THE VORLD AND THE REVIEW Illustrated. $1.75 METHODS FOR WORKERS .•..••.••• Where Day Dawns · . . . . . . EDITED HY MRS. ~'. I. JOHNSON 285 A Japanese Reader WOMAN'S HO~fE AND FOIlEIGN BUL- LETIN …•…•..••.••.•..•.•••••• 292 By Maude Whitmore Madden WO)(LD·WIDE OUTLOOK .•….••.•.. 298 nOOKS WORTH READING……….. 311 TER.MS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clubs of Author of "Young Hearts in Old Japan" five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, Stories, legends, poem. old and new, scraps of 25 cents. Published montbly. ~opyrlgbted. verse. proverbs. translations and ancient folk lore concerning the Sunri.e Kingdom. 1931, by lIrSSIONARY REVIEW PUBL.ISHING COM- PANY, I~c. All rights reserved. 'f> Illustrated, $1.50 The Pool "1 Sacrilice THE MISSIONARY REVIEW. PUBLISHING A story of Central America CO;);IPANY, INc. By Josephine Hope Westervelt UOHERT E. SPEER, President 'V'lLLIAlI I. CHAM8ERLAIN, Vice-PreBident The young adventurers of Mr.. Westervelt's DELAVAN L. PIERSON, SecretMY story make their way through almost impene- VALTER McDOUGALL, TrefUlurer trable jungles and along swampy trails to meet Puhlication OID.ce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. up with thrilling experiences. $1.50 Editorial and Business Olllce, 156 Fiftb Avenue, FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY New York City New York: 158 Fifth Avenue Entered as second·claBs matter at tbe Post 01Hee, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of l!rfarch Chicago: 851 Cass Street 3, 1879.

Please mention THII MISSIONAaY RmVIIIW Oil' ~BII WORLD In wrltlnli: to advertisers.

CASTE GlRLS ARE CARRIED 'I'O SCHOOL IN NOR'l'H

They are taken into the Dlission school compound in this closely covered, improvised sedan chair, that no mun may sce their faces by NORTH INDIA MISSION SCHOOL GIRLS WITH THEIR WRITING TABLE'l'S

LIV, No.4 April,1931

THE MISSIONARY %eWO..-~ WONDERS AMONG CASTE PEOPLE BY REV. CHARLES W. POSNETT, Medak, Nizam's Dominions, India Mi88ionary of the lVe81eyan Methodfst Mi88iQnaru Society} 1899- PERSECUTION is very bitter it, but the villagers united together here, but on the whole it is less and dug another well, and u'ntil determined. Our people have that was ready they fetched water been dragged' to the courts time from a lake where all the cattle after time and have lost time and drink and wallow, where clothes money and much of their harvest are washed and the holy Brahmins by the bitter persecution of the vil- always bathe, wash their teeth and lage chiefs. Still, their patience then drink. Everywhere I am try- and courage is winning. One chief ing to persuade them to dig wells stopped the road by cutting down so that they may have a pure water trees across the public way thus supply and escape the scourge of hoping to stop my coming to his plague .and cholera and smallpox village. They hate the idea of the which are constantly breaking out people becoming Christians because in the villages of Hyderabad. These they know that it means that the stagnant lakes which are found day of injustice and forced labor near every village are a constant and cruelty will have to pass away. danger as long as the people use In another village, where people this foul water for drinking.

are determined to be baptised and One of our best men, John, has where they beg for a teacher, the taken charge of a new village called village chief had one of the elders Lakmashantha. He and his wife put in prison on some paltry and children are living in one little charge. The charge was dismissed, tiny grass hut, 9 feet wide by 12 but he was kept in prison waiting feet long, as big as an English scul- for trial eleven days on account of lery, in terrible heat. We have holidays. In such ways these ene- neither a house or a well for them, mies try to do everything to dis- and every day he fetches water courage young beginners but they half a mile from the village lake.

have not succeeded. In this very 1. am amazed at the bravery and village our evangelist has been patience of John and his wife. The given part of the house of one of walls are full of holes where snakes the caste people in spite of all the and scorpions abound. This little threats of the village chief. shed gets full of mosquitoes and In another village the chief hat! other insects and it is hard for the polluted the caste well so that our children to sleep in this hot weath- would-be Christians could not use er. No wonder they have been iII.

245

Surely the patience and the brav- and inspired them to keep themery of such men and women puts selves and their homes clean. She us all to shame. was determined to teach them the stories of Jesus. She proposed that In Khanapur the hatred and op- they should act the story of the five position of the village chief was Virgins but their husbands said, very bitter. At last we were given "You are not dancing girls to do a small grass thatched shed belong- this sort of thing." Ruth was not ing to one of the caste enquirers. to be beaten and said, "I will do it Benjamin had only been there a with you and we will act it tofew days, and when he went out gether, and then your husbands early in the morning to bathe and will say nothing if I am doing it returned he found all his boxes, also." Last week we saw these clothes and everything put out on women telling the story of the Virthe road and the whole of his little gins. They had ten improvised hut had been pulled down to the torches and they had brought their ground. This village is so far away own little brass vessels, five of them that the hands of the Government had oil and five of them none. The are not strong. Many would have whole village gathered to see them given up in despair but this man tell the story and it was a perfect is holding 'on and making friends. joy. They were so clean and so changed in appearance. They evi- I was greatly cheered with some dently love and adore Ruth. The of the village women. Wherever story was simple and they had we have a good evangelist's wife made everything with their own hands. The whole village followed there the women are clean and the story with breathless interest. eager for service and gather every I was delighted because I feel that night at the evangelist's house. One we must get hold of the women of of our best teachers, called Rat- these caste villages, otherwise they nam, had been teaching her women will never cease from secret longto make their children's clothes. ing after idolatry. We must get They prepared the thread and then them out of their zenana homes and they engage the village tailor to get them accustomed to taking part make the little garments. Ratnam in services. Ruth's example has beis one of the best of our teachers, come an inspiration to all the Bible she gets all the women together women in the District. while they are making thread from the cotton flowers with their The other day one of our pastor's little hand machines and she teach- wives was taken ill, and though she es them stories. The elders were was well known as an outcaste eager and the women learned a lot woman by birth, the caste women about the life of Christ. We have of the village came and cooked for an old Brahmin in this village, her and cleaned up her house. What who is also an eager Christian, and a miracle this is! It is the more is not ashamed to have the out- wonderful because 30 years she castes come to a prayer meeting in was a devil priestess, standing his house. naked on the streets of that very village, her hair had never been Another of our best women, washed or cut or combed. She had called Ruth, is doing wonders in such a beautiful face that my sister Sonipet. She found the women most indifferent and dirty, but by kindness she won them to her home

llJ31] WONDERS AMONG CASTE PEOPLE

could not bear to think of her be- until I promised to send them an coming a public prostitute and evangelist. They told me they had devil priestess, and we rescued her. been ten times to Nirmal to plead Now she is the minister's wife in with our Indian minister but he that village and the caste people had neither the man nor the money love her enough to come and cook to send one.

for her. Testimonies of Caste Hindus At our Summer School for Caste Hindus in Medak, we planned to One of the remarkable features receive 250, but every day mes- of our meetings has been the testi- sages came that more were begging monies of these Caste Hindus.

to come. On Thursday they were (1) Narsimha Rao John is the coming all through the night, and village chief of Adivi KowtIa. It is at the opening service on Friday seven years ago since I baptised a morning there were 640 Caste Hin- few families of caste and outcastes dus-men and women from all over in that village. At the baptism Hyderabad. Many were already service in the river, this old chief baptised, but about 250 were still came to watch. While I was exhesitating on the brink of decision. amining them he listened carefully, They had learned a good deal about Christ and many had been giving and when they vowed their lives regularly to the Church, but the to Christ I asked him what he final public confession stood in the thought. He hesitated and then way. They came to hear more Df said, "They are doing right, your Jesus, and during that first service Jesus is the true God." I never they behaved as if they had been thought this man would himself accustomed to reverent public wor- soon come to the feet of our Lord. ship for years. It is almost unbe- Three years· ago he came to the lievable that all these caste people, Summer School, and begged for baptism. In our Church he stood who twenty years ago would not up before them all and said, "I have even come into our compound be- searched all the Hindu holy books, cause it was the home of "out- but there is no story in the world castes" and who would not drink like the story of Yesu Swami and the water from our wells because I am going to give my life to Him." outcastes were drawing water. Now they stayed with us, drank For three years he has been one our water and ate the food that of our most enthusiastic voluntary was prepared for them. It is a evangelists. Wherever he has gone miracle when you think of the posi- he has witnessed for His Master. This year he came again, and tion only five years ago. standing up before the whole Another remarkable feature of crowd he said, "No pressure from this Summer School is that no less the missionaries or from the Indian than 70 women turned up having padries would ever have made me walked 30, 40 and even 60 miles to be baptised, but I 'tasted' Jesus to the station, and many of them in my heart and the sweetness of having paid their own fare on the His 'taste' filled my whole life. Now railway. One band of men came wherever I am I feel the 'taste' of 135 miles begging for a teacher. Jesus and I must tell everyone They had heard of the Summer about Him."

School and they would not leave (2) Samuel Veeriah is a young

man who comes from Siddipett, ing that they could cure his daughwhich is the hardest and most un- ter, and every time she was taken fruitful ground in the District. He ill they tried to come into his house had read the life of Sadhu Sunder to cure her, but he would not al- Singh and the Gospels, and though low them to cross his door step. He he was the son of a village chief called the village evangelist and he could not resist the call of they prayed with the girl. At last Christ, and for months he has been she is better, and he brought her telling his family that he must be- and her mother with him to the come a Christian. He has been Summer School. On Sunday mornturned out of his home and has lost ing they knelt together and were everything, but he stood up and baptised into the name of Jesus. said, "Though they have turned me For a year past, though he was not from my home and though I have baptised he has been giving this lost all my relatives I could not brave witness and we felt no hesibear to lose Jesus." His sincerity tation in giving him baptism. has been so well proved that I could not resist his appeal for bap- Gumeralla, the Tiger's Village tism, and on Sunday morning he brought with him ten young men The fight with the Tiger is over whom he has been leading for and I have received the final judgmonths, and all of them openly con- ment of the Prime Minister. In fessed Jesus and were baptised. this the Tiger is told that his posi- What this will mean to Siddipett no tion of village chief is taken away one can tell. It is the most hopeful and that never again will he be althing that has happened there in lowed to exercise any authority in the 35 years that I have been in this village. We had hoped that India. I cannot help believing that some of the land that he has stolen this is going to be the beginning would be returned to our people, of a great movement towards but it would have been such a long- Christ among the caste Hindus of and costly process to secure this judgment that we gave it up. He Siddipett. has fought us in every court and has spent at least £2,000 in the (3) Rajanna Abraham, of EI- fight. It has been a terrible strain lukatoor, was baptised a year ago and anxiety for nearly three years, and has had to pay a terrible price but at last it is settled and we for his confession. He has been thank God. The Government has dragged to the court and persecut- appointed a Christian villager to be chief in his place and this man and ed, his land has been stolen and his Christian wife came to our everything has been done to make Summer School and stood up and testified saying, "From the day him turn back from the narrow that I gave my heart to Jesus I path. He stood up and said, "They have been full of happiness and can take my land, my home and all now though I do not want this posithat I have, they can tear my flesh tion I am glad to serve my Master from my bones, but they shall in Gumeralla and I want to be a never tear me away from Jesus." servant of my Lord."

(4) Peter, of Kondapuram, gave The Sunday morning service was a beautiful testimony. His daugh- one that everyone will remember. ter had been suffering from fits. The village sorcerers and magicians constantly worried him say-

A REVIVAL IN HYDERABAD

There were a thousand people pres- little Indian drums and violin. ent, and of the newcomers 140 Everyone held the sugar and coheads of families had given in coanut in his hand until all were their names for baptism. They ready, and the elders had come were all men whom we could trust, back and stood before the communmen who had been long prepared ion rail putting down their trays but had hesitated over the final con- and each one taking a little sugar fession. During these days of wait- and cocoanut for himself. Then ing upon God they had heard His the whole congregation repeating voice and they confessed one after after me said, "Lord Jesus, I take another that they had seen Jesus this food in memory of Thy love to and wanted to give their lives to me." And all quietly ate the sugar Him. After the baptisms a hundred and cocoanut while our singers people came up to the communion sang again. In a few moments one rail bringing their offerings, the to- of our Indian ministers started the tal value of which was about £10. hymn of triumph "Victory, victory, victory to Jesus, Hallelujah," and At the conclusion of the service at the end of each verse he cried we started the Great Indian Love "Yesu Swami, glory be to Thee," Feast. The elders from each section and.the whole congregation lifting brought up trays of sugar and their hands shouted, "Glory to God broken cocoanut which they had in the highest." It was a wonderalready prepared and cut into small ful triumph, and no one who ever pieces. These were publicly blessed, saw and heard will forget it. God and then they went round to dis- has been wonderfully near us and tribute to the thousand people in indeed those last words are what the congregation. While it was we are all feeling, "Glory to God in going on we had some beautiful the highest." Indian music-a singer and the A REVIVAL IN HYDERABAD FOR some time Dr. and Mrs. they themselves had found in Manley, of the American Bap- Jesus. tist Mission, have been praying for a revival in Hanamakonda, "From Saturday to Wednesday Hyderabad. C. H. Bhanamurti, of the subject was sin, its consethe Cocanada Theological Semina- quences, repentance, and confesry and Mr. Prakasham, pastor of sion. Burdened hearts were laid the J agannaikapuram Church, held bare before the Lord day by day. a series of meetings for a week, Joy and peace Christ brought to with the workers and the church their hearts. Thursday was largely members. Pastor Mathews of Bim- given up to experience and confeslipatam Church and Rev. E.L. sion. The Spirit of God moved us Quirk also held a series of meet- to make confessions. On Friday ings lasting ten days. and Saturday consecration meet- ings were held, leading us to sur- Emphasis was laid on the fact render completely to the Lord. that the missionaries had come to Friday morning's meeting ended share with the Christians of what with the phenomenon common to

many revival meetings in India, in sin that they had lost the con- when all were praying at once, sciousness of it. In many cases pouring out their sins before God. the confessions were startling, yet On Saturday, only one meeting they were followed by making was held. All were expectant. amends and restitution.

Large numbers had been cleansed "From two standpoints, we have and awaited the infilling of the not seen the like of this revival be- Holy Spirit. There was a dead fore. In the first place, the grip silence, a pause, a waiting. The of sin was so tremendous, and the people were still unsatisfied. It confessions in consequence were must have been a time of further startling. From the grip of sin, heart searching. In the middle of they emerged into the light and the night, Dr. Manley was awak- freedom of Jesus. Secondly, the ened by some one on the compound, settling of quarrels and misunder- praying in agony. standings was on an enormous "The Sunday morning meeting scale, and the consequent love and we shall never forget. After short fellowship which followed was a addresses, the meeting was thrown great joy. We thank the Lord for open. At eight o'clock the meeting this great experience, and for the started. For hours one person fol- newfound friends and blood-rel- lowed another in quick succession; atives in Christ in that place, and arising, going to those whom they the love that they poured out."

had wronged, they begged forgive- ERIC L. QUIRK. ness, many with tears streaming The work of revival has just bedown their faces. At one o'clock, we saw that we would yet have gun and we believe that as each hours to wait, and so we asked worker goes into his own village those who still wished to ask par- again he will take the fire of the don of their brethren to arise and Holy Spirit with him and that that do so without waiting one for the fire will burn down barriers and other. For ten minutes there was obstacles that have held back the confusion, and then – "Victory, work of Christ in this field for Victory, Hallelujah t" poured forth many years and that we will have from two hundred throats. The a great general revival throughout Holy Spirit had come to reign. the whole field.

"Sunday afternoon, twenty-three In order to get folks to work at were baptized in Hanamakonda, once, and thus keep what they and the Lord's Supper was cele- have gained, we have gathered brated. them together in groups and have "In the past many Indian Chris- formed Sunday-schools in three tians have failed to appreciate and near-by places. We have plans for to understand missionary motives, four more Sunday-schools as fast yet fundamentally the difficulty as it is practical to establish them.

Was their own sin. Once that was We missionaries feel that no one cleansed the way was paved for received a greater blessing through the clearing up of misunderstand- these revival services than we did.

ings which had accumulated for a God make us worthy stewards for long time. There was an extraor- the great work He has entrusted dinary condition prevailing. In to us here.

many cases the people were so deep CHARLES R. MANLEY.

IN THE NON-CHRISTIAN

BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Princeton, N. J.

E di tor of til e Mod em l1'oda .WHAT ails India, China, Per- This is typical of the situation in sia, Egypt, Turkey, and the non-Christian world. The times Arabia? Economic, social, are out of joint, as is evident from political and intellectual move- the newspapers. There is great ments are stirring the peoples of spiritual unrest, as is revealed these lands and there probably never was a time when currents of thought ran so swiftly and in such opposite di- rections. A whirlpool of conflicting ideas and ideals, a strange medley of tendencies tow a r d syncretism, ' agnosticism or hero-worship.

There is a story about an obscure character, Micha, in the book of Judges, which affords an illustration, if not a parallel, to the present situation in Asia and North Africa. That an- cient day, too, was a time of transition; political, social and moral 1ife were deeply disturbed.

The story occurs in one of the most barbaric chapters of the book and tells of murder, arson, kidnapping, a n arc h y, idolatry. "In those days there was no king in Israel." Micah explains his desperate plight. He has lost his gods; he has T IIlD NE W INDIAN NATIONAL 'l'lUNITY lost his priest; he has (For e:JJpl""ation Bee pago ~55) lost his faith; "Ye have taken away my gods which I made from the missionary reports. One and the priest and are going away, hesitates to attempt any< interpre- and what have I more? And how tation. But a master-missionary, then say ye unto me, What aileth Dr. Edwards, the editor of Dnya- thee?" nodaya, the leading Marathi Chris- 251

tian weekly of West India, says: system of the Devadasis against (October 23, 1930) "There are which Indian reformers are so three strands one can pick up out ceaselessly making their construc- of the tangled skein: The current tive protest. Hinduism may be in idealization of Hinduism; the external revival by its building of growing revolt against the idea of new temples for the untouchables, God; and the exalting of politics but inwardly it is marked either by and patriotism into a religion." decay or borrowing from other These three currents or trends faiths.

are found not only in India but in "The other characteristic mark- China, and in the Near East. The ing what we have called the ideal.

idealization of the old religions by izing going on in present-day Hin- efforts at reform or rehabilitation; duism is the marvellous power of the exaltation of nationalism into assimilation Hinduism displays in a new religion, in which patriotism relation to truth, by its being able becomes hero-worship; the repu- to absorb Christian principles up diation of all religion as mere folly to a certain point and shedding the and superstition-all three of these remainder like a snake shedding trends are due directly or indirect- its skin. Indeed, so great is the ly to the impact of the West (its power of Hinduism to absorb from missions and its secularism) on the other faiths and yet to remain Hin- East. The disintegration of the old duism at the core that we need to religious life manifests itself in be on our guard against this par- these three ways everywhere. The ticular Hindu tendency which is all tragedy of the situation is that all the more dangerous, because so of them seem to lead away from flattering to those systems from Christ-the Christ of the Indian which it borrows."

road and of every road. The peril of syncretism, especial- 1. The Idealization of the Old ly in South India, is real. In North Religions. "When we speak of the India, Islam and converts from idealization of Hinduism," says Dr. Islam act as a strong bulwark for Edwards, "we are largely thinking theism, but in South India the of the educated section of India. leaven of Pantheism can with dif- This idealization is marked by a ficulty be kept out even from Chris- double characteristic; the first is tian thought and life. This present- what the late Dr. Farquhar meant day idealization of Hinduism is when he spoke of an outward re- evident in rose-colored views of vival of modern Hinduism accom- caste, and the repudiation of its panied by a deepening internal de- evil influence, in a growing defense cay. None who studies modern of idolatry, as mere symbolism, and Hinduism can have any doubt, in putting Krishna on a parallel either about the external revival as with Christ as one of the world's seen in the observing of all festi- Saviours. Some Hindu writers vals with a punctiliousness which compare the Bhagavadgita with the only Hindus can show, or about the New Testament and profess to find internal decay which is spreading better and higher teaching in the like a canker to every part of the former book. In Islam there are Hindu system: to mention only nne evidences of the game general tend- feature, for example, the foul ency to idealize. It began with abomination represented by the Seyyid Amir Ali's life of Moham-

TRENDS IN THE NON-CHRISTIAN WORLD

med and received impetus from the into new tongues. These transla- Western apologists for Islam or Lions are not free from idealizatioll perverts to Islam, Sheldrake, Lord for they de-code the original into Headley, Pickthall, and the latest terms suitable for the present state convert Philby. The unscrupulous of society and eliminate the blots efforts of the Ahmadiya Movement that stain the life and character of in Qadian, Lahore and London have the founder of Islam. Compare the broadcasted and emphasized all recent translations by Mohammed that could be gleaned from these Ali, Sarwar and Pickthall. They writers. Islam, they say, never go so far as to praise Mohammed used the sword, save in self-de- as the champion of women's rights, fense. They claim that it is the re- to assert that he was a monogamist ligion of peace and good-will, of and that toleration was the chief tolerance and brotherhood; that characteristic of early Islam! One Mohammed's character and life could give similar instances of at- were ideal in every respect. In a tempts to idealize Shintoism and recent review of Lippman's Pref- Buddhism, from Japan and China.

ace to Morals, an aducated Moslem Everywhere the non-Christian says: "Jesus, the center of West- world is super-sensitive to any ern religion'is revealed in the avail- criticism of heathen idolatry or able records of his life, as only a ethics.

partial embodiment of human II. The Repudiation of All Re- ideals. A good character, no doubt, ligion. This is shown in the drift but one which fails to exhibit the toward atheism, secularism and perfection of which the multifari- humanism. The Jerusalem Council ous capacities of man are capable. Meeting recognized the serious and It is certain that philosophy cannot widespread character of this drift save morality. If it could, our in its deliberations and findings.

civilization would have solved its Our godless civilization and the moral problems long ago. Only re- neo-Paganism of the West is win- ligion can. And religion itself ning disciples in the East. The would fail to do so except in so atheistic or materialistic philos- far as it can offer a human ex- ophies of Europe and America have emplar who embraces in his per- captivated many of the educated fection one and all the different classes. Russian Communism has sides of human nature; who tow- extended to all lands. The fool no ers above all others yet strikes longer says only in his heart, there everybody as his kith and kin- is no God,-he shouts it on the only such a religion can save mo- radio.

rality. Nowhere but in the person Take India as an example: of the Holy Founder of Islam do "Early in 1928 Dr. Paranjpye, of we have a historic and human ex- Poona, a distinguished member of ample of this ideal character." the India Council in London, speak- ANew Portrait of Mohammed ing to Indian students in London, advised them to 'relegate religion They then proceed to paint a new to the scrap heap.' The new po- portrait of Mohammed with colors litical Constitution for India draft- taken from a Christian paint-box. ed by Pandit Motilal Nehru, and The Koran is called "Holy" and so- accepted by a Convention of all the cieties are formed to translate it political parties in January, 1929,

aims at a secular state, and puts the proofs of the existence of one religion outside the concern of the God, but this was done in order to State. 'Pandit Jawaharial Nehru dhlcover if I knew the proofs given openly stated that India's greatest in the Moslem textbooks or to let "enemy was religion," and that the student proclaim them to me.

their aim must be "to free India Now one meets young men who ask from religion." '* proof of the existence of God be- "In the autumn of 1928 a weekly cause they personally have no con- paper was started in South India, viction of it themselves."

bearing the title Revolt, one of its III. The Exaltation of Nationalacknowledged tenets being rank ism and Patriotism into aNew Reatheism. During the summer of ligion. This third tendency is very 1928 a discussion took place in the old. When paganism was disinte- Bombay University Senate con- grating in Rome, Emperor-worship cerning a resolution on 'the advis- began. In Japan we have a close ability of inculcating a theistic at- parallel in the latest development titude' in university education. of Shintoism. "Nature-worship The resolution was passed by twen- married to the worship of the Imty-three votes to seventeen, but a perial House." The Japanese are great storm burst the Indian press. taught at school that their reign- One leading Indian educationist de- ing Emperor is the direct descendscribed the resolution as 'sheer ant of the sun-goddess. Patriotism perverseness' and an 'exhibition of has become religion. In India imbecility.' Another wrote: 'The "Gandhi-worship," is almost a naexiled God is to be smuggled back tional cult. In Turkey, Mustapha to His throne, and our young men Kemal has received his apotheosis and women are to be inoculated as the creator of a new nation, and with strong doses of the "divine," , Zaglool Pasha in Egypt is the idol though 'it has been the proud priv- of those who worship only at the ilege of man to fight against that shrine of nationalism. There is baneful thing called God'; and, good in nationalism, no doubt, but roost significantly of all, he added: there is also the possibility of evil. 'We Indians have had too much of Nationalism and hero-worship canreligion, too much of God, and too not satisfy the human heart as a much of futile philosophy; that ac- substitute for religion. The latest counts for our position today as a illustration of this tendency is Inbankrupt nation.' " dia. Islam also is suffering from this An American missionary writes: leaven of the Sadducees. The stu- (Dnyanodaya, Nov. 6, 1930). "In dents at the universities of Bei- a copy of the Bombay Chronicle rut, Cairo, and Constantinople af- there appeared on the front page ford an illustration. The sons of some weeks ago a full-page illusfathers who were fanatic Moslems tration of the Hindu idol, Ganesch, are now asking; is there a God? or Ganpati. The image was of an Have we need of prayer? Is life elephant-headed man with four beyond the grave more than a pious hands, and always represented as dream? A missionary from Tuni- riding on a mouse, which was sia says: "I used to be asked for mythologically correct. In this case * Dr. J. F. Edwards-",]~he Foreign Ficld"- the idol was shown seated On a Non (the British Lion, of course, MaYt Hl30.

which scowled awfully), while a stripes, white, green and red, with Gandhi cap surmounted the head a handloom across the center), and of the elephant." He goes on to with the other hand holding the say: "But the most surprising evi- tuft of cotton from which the dence of the present attempt to thread passes in front of the group enlist the Hindu religion for the to the elder Nehru. Here is an Rake of political ends has been a amazing attempt to ring to the supnew 'Trinity,'* that has been cre- port of the political struggle for ated by some Hindu leaders. 'A few independence even so sacred a matdays after my return to India there ter as the Christian conception of was handed to me the picture of a the Trinity." three-headed man, with only one body. When I looked at the face The Situation in China that confronted me, I instantly recognized Gandhiji's portrait, The situation in China is dewhile to the left is the face of the scribed by T. C. Chao in The Chielder Nehru (Motilal) and to the nese RecoTdeT (Nov., 1930) ; "Reliright that of the younger Nehru gion in China may be considered at (Jawaharlal) . Underneath I read its lowest ebb today. Of the three in amazement, 'National Trinity.' traditional religions none is virile Under that I found the words, today. Taoism has suffered the 'Father, SOill and Holy Spirit,' most crushing defeat." Buddhism while the third line read 'Motilal is still active, yet we can almost say Nehru, Mahatma Gandhi, Jawa- that China is today a nation withharlal Nehru.' At the bottom is out a religion. The Nationalist the date, July, 1930. All this was Party has adopted as its slogan "to in the leading vernacular of West- govern the nation by the party," ern India, Marathi. Looking once therefore the party has the power more at the picture you note the to do anything it pleases. But no sacred cow standing behind this matter how this works out, it seems 'Trinity,' and on it written 'Moth- to some people that a nation should er India.' Four dogs guard this have some religion. At least it group, each with a label on the col- should have a faith which could lar: Boycott, Liquor, Forest, Salt. take the place of religion. Perhaps it is due to this fact, namely the The last three referred of course necessity of creating a new nationto the exhortation to break the gov- al soul, that all organizations and ernment laws relating to these. The institutions are required to observe elder Nehru (Father) holds a sa- the civic "eremony prescribed by cred conch shell, used in Hindu the party at all their formal meettemple-worship, in one hand and a ings, to bow three times before the distaff in the other. In the center picture of Dr. Sun Yat Sen and the is Gandhiji (Holy Spirit!!) who, national and party standards, read with spectacles on, and the sacred the last testament of Dr. Sun and marks of Hinduism on the fore- remain standing in silence for head, stands on wooden sandals, his three minutes. The Nationalist hands folded in adoration. On the Party claims that the authority of right is the younger Nehru (Son), the party is above everything else with one hand supporting the na- in the nation. Therefore, the party tionalist flag (three horizontal is above the nation and the party is above religion and above God! * ~p-e illustration page 251.

Aut Czsar aut Nullus. That is of the Third International, nor by the re:mlt. "We have no king but the road of violent Nationalism will Clesar!" Was foIlawed by the cry: Asia come to true life and liberty "Crucify Him, crucify Him." Not and power ;-but through Christ through any revival of old idola- and the little wicket-gate of repenttries and religions, not by the way ance that leads to Calvary.

ONE LIFE IN SOUTH AFRICA Elizabeth Hepburn, for Sixty Years a Missionary of the L. M. S.

SITTING in a Bulawayo garden, enjoying the warmth of the sun, I have time to think. I see the constant traffic in the streets, motor cars, steam rollers and troIleys, cycles, motor cycles, and hundreds of Matebele youths hurrying to and from their work.

Memory carries me back to the time (not very long ago) when the older brothers and fathers of these youths might have been sitting round Lobengula's courtyard-eat- ing, and drinking beer. They were eagerly waiting to know the Chief's orders, to watch where his spear would be thrown, in what direc- tion-when they would clutch their spears and assagais and with hell- ish shouts start off on the devil's work-making for a little kraal or village-killing the men, and the old people, gathering the young women and children and returning MRS. J. D. HEPBURN to Lobengula for his approval.

I remembered how in Shoshong, the constant progress of the glor- King Khama's country, the dread ious Gospel of Christ through of a vistation from the Matebele Africa and the part our Society has soldiers caused us and our Bam- had in it all, cause tears of grati- angwato people sleepless nights. tude to flow, and I thank Him for During my life in Africa I have the part which He had permitted seen miracles. When we arrived my husband and myself to share in Bechuanaland there was on the in it.

map one mission–our Society's We had the pleasure of helping station at Inyati. On the map to- the Coillards to reach the Zambezi day North and South Rhodesia are -Barotseland-Fred A r not to almost covered with mission sta- reach the Mashukulumbi – and tions. As I go back in thought to ourselves the Lake Ngami people.

1870, the wonderful change and -The Chronicle of the L. M. S.

CHRISTIANITY CHANGED'?

BY THE REV. W. Y. FULLERTON, D.D.

"H Secr('tnrll of the BaptfRt Mi,..ionar1! SOcietv, London AS the mission, the mes- evangelize it, and to find God's sage, the aim, and the pow- scattered "sheep" in its midst. If er of Christianity changed we apprehend that, it will save us in the past nineteen centuries?" from the idea that we must "not go In trying to answer these ques- to the heathen abroad because there tions we must first seek to establish are heathen at home." We may in- what these were in the beginning. deed, and must, seek to Christian- Even then we shall need to be care- ize a nation, but we cannot hope to ful for we are outside other ages convert it. While we plant the and are within our own, and it is Church, like a tree, in any country, impossible to compare an exterior the Gospel will of itself also work with an interior. quickly as leaven, changing the But the mission, the message, whole people. But our business is and the aim of the Gospel have to separate a people from among been quite clear all along the ages. the nation that shall be as distinct, Before we compare them let us see that, like the people in Antioch, it what they were at the start. By the will be necessary to find a new term Christianity we mean the re- name for them, and call them ligion of Jesus Christ as set forth "Christian." In China they debated in the New Testament, not all that whether they should seek to estab- goes by the name today. lish a National Church, and they The mission of Christianity was saw it would not do, but they sang to spread the revelation of Himself the doxology when they hit upon that God gave through Jesus the term "nation-wide" to express Christ; to let all men see the mys- their purpose. It is now as at the tery that had been hid from the be- beginning.

ginning that the Gentiles should be The message of Christianity at fellow heirs with Israel and "of the beginning is set forth by the the same body and partakers of his , Apostles to the Gentiles in 1 Corin- promise in Christ by the Gospel." thians XV. He tells us the things Paul fought the battle in Jerusalem on which all the Apostles were and saved Christianity from being agreed, things that were also ac- merely a Jewish sect, and the cording to the Scriptures which Church at Jerusalem discovered they had in their hands. All of and declared that the world-wide them were related to Christ-He appeal of the Gospel was no after- died, was buried, rose from the thought on God's part, for James, dead. Of this there is abundant evi- as its spokesman, said that, "It was dence, and this is how the grace of God's original concern to visit the God reaches sinful men. "That is Gentiles and to take out of them a what we preached," he says, "and people for His name." that is what we believed." So, evi- That is still the mission of Chris- dently, the saving grace of God de- tianity. It is still Eclectic; our pends on our faith, and quite as task is not to win a nation but to evidently it is possible for us to 2 257

get away from that faith to "an- a people for the Name, its aim is other gospel," which is not an- that "those who name the Name other; for to the Corinthians he should depart from all iniquity."

puts their belief in the past tense The holy God desires sainthood.

-"ye believed." The faith of Christ all along the Have we drifted from that faith ages has been both ethical and today? Each man must answer for philanthropic. Christ saves people himself. Dr. MacEwen put the an- from themselves as well as from swer for the church in memorable the world and the devil. And the words at the Edinburgh Mission- more saints there are in a com- ary Conference when he said, "If munity, the higher will be the level in any mind the thought arises that of all life. That the principles of our faith is not the same as the Christ should be applied to the faith of the early centuries, we whole life is no new discovery; that have before us an answer which no the nation should be approximately man can gainsay. Out of the heart Christian is the inevitable result of these centuries there emerged of the fact that a great many of its one statement of beliefs. Noone citizens are Christian in reality.

knows by whom it was drafted, or Always the aim has been, and the when it first appeared. We find it aim still is, to make saints, to bring in Africa, in Gaul, in Italy, on the men to see and to say Danube, and in Asia Minor with He wills that I shaH holy be; slight variations, but identical in Naught can withstand His will; its essence and almost in its form- The purpose of His grace in men, a statement so Scriptural and evan- He surely shall fulfill.

gelical that it is ascribed to the There remains but one other Apostles. In the Conference Re- question. Has the power of Chrisports you will discover an item, tianty changed? As in all the other simple but grand, reported by cases the answer is decidedly no, many missionaries-Episcopalian, Wesleyan, Baptist, Presbyterian- no, no, ten thousand noes! The that the statement of faith which Spirit remaineih among us, so we they find to have most value, and need not fear. The Gospel is still on which they lay most stress, is the power of God to salvation to the Apostles Creed. In the seven- . everyone that believeth. When we teen centuries that have passed are tempted to doubt it, let us re- since it was shaped, the Holy Spirit member Lord Kelvin's great sen- has taught the Church much. He tence, when in attempting to make will teach us more if we listen to an experiment in Glasgow Uni- His Voice, but the foundations of versity, he failed. Drawing himself the Kingdom stand, although the up with dignity before his students, things that were shaken have been he did not apologize, but knowing removed." There is the answer- the power of God he said, "Gentle- the message of Christianity is the men, always remember that when same. you are face to face with a diffi- What then of its aim? If the mis- culty, you are on the verge of a dis- sion of Christianity is to take out covery."

AND COOPERATION IN

A Call to Christians and a Manifesto from the Chinese Church T HE Church of Christ in China strengthened and that hitherto un- is facing a situation which is discovered pathways may be found challenging because of the whereby the separated Christian unusual difficulties as well as the communions can arrive at com- unparalleled opportunities p r e- plete spiritual and organic unity.

sented. As never before must we (f) That Christian youth of the lay hold on all available spiritual West with a positive Christian resources. Fortunately neither faith and with a passion for Chris- time nor space nor language are a tian service may in large number barrier to the spiritual cooperation find it the will of God for them of Christians of the West and the to come to China to cooperate with Church in China covets American the Chinese Church in the task of cooperation in adventurous, im- creating a Christian China.

portunate intercession: (g) That the Five Year Move- (a) That our Christian youth in ment may continue to grow inten- large numbers may recognize the sively and extensively in the might call and give heed to the challenge and strength of the spirit of God, of the ministry as the most profit- to the end that all the resources of able investment of their lives. our Chinese Church may be uti- (b) That our Christians may in lized to achieve the objectives of a larger measure discover and this Movement, namely, the deep- manifest the radiance of our re- ening of the spiritual life of our ligion, and make their Christian Christians and the doubling of our faith contagious. church membership.

(c) That our leadership may be We ask the fellowship of the responsive to divine guidance and Christians and Churches of the be given courage joyously to follow West in this ministry of interces- the will of God as they discern it sion.

concerning the perplexing prob- This Call was adopted by the lems they are facing, such as General Assembly of the Church Christian education in view of of Christ in China, which met in government restriction on worship Canton, last November.

and religious instruction, and other problems of a similar character A Manifesto which naturally follow where a The following manifesto to coop- mighty nation is in the process of erating older Churches of the West radical reconstruction. was also adopted by the General (d) For the Chinese Govern- Assembly of the Church of Christ ment, especially for those Chris- in China: tians who are serving the Govern- "The General Assembly has ment :-that vital religion may be given its proper place in the new given considerable time and earemerging state. nest thought to the question of the relationship between the Church (e) That the will to Christian of Christ in China and the coopu nit y may be fostered and erating missions, and wishes to 259

place on record the following state- Chinese Church consciousness has ment regarding the attitude of the developed to the point of desiring General Assembly to this vitally the responsibility for administerimportant subject. ing its own affairs, and for con- ducting and directing the various "We desire first to express again activities which aim at the evanour deep sense of gratitude to the gelization of the people of China. older Churches of the West for the help, both spiritual and material, The General Assembly rejoices which has been afforded by them that members of the Church, both to the work in China. Chinese and the foreign mission- aries associated with it, are of one "We are conscious that our mind in applying this principle in gratitude can best be shown by our the actual conduct of the affairs definite endeavor to develop as and work of the Church. We speedily as possible the spirit of fully recognize the fact that the stewardship and self-support in churches connected wit h the the Church in China. Weare glad Church of Christ in China are not to report that about twenty-five equally developed, and so it is difper cent of our organized churches are self-supporting. But we realize ficult to secure uniformity in the that this percentage should be in- application of this principle. A creased as rapidly as possible. considerable time must elapse be- fore our high ideal can be realized, "You in the West are informed and much wisdom and patience as to the present political disturb- will be required in the prosecution ances in China, and the resulting of this great task. We must, howeconomic depression. These rep- ever, emphasize the fact that this resent great obstacles to be over- church-centric ideal includes most come, if our desire for the increase definitely the idea of continued coin self-support is to be gained. operation between the Church in You also have heard of the diffi- China and the various missionary culties which the spread of com- organizations from the West. In munistic ideas, the organization of this sense it is not to be interthe anti-Christian movement and preted as an entirely independent the like, have created for our movement of the Church. Church. These are all matters in which we beseech your full sym- The General Assembly further pathy, as we know they have ex- wishes to make clear our position cited your concern. It is because with regard to our relations with of these difficulties and hindrances the missions associated with us. that the General Assembly wishes We definitely stand for cooperato make clear its position with re- tion between the Church and the gard to the relationship of the mISSlOns. The Church of Christ Church of Christ in China and the in China desires the Church and missions which are cooperating the Mission to work together as with it. we face the common problems that are confronting the Christian On the one hand we feel it neces- Movement in China. We wish to sary to reaffirm our conviction that state positively that the services it is a matter of the greatest im- of missionaries from the Older portance for the Church in China Churches of the West are both to adopt a definite church-centric greatly needed and ardently depolicy. By that we mean that the

THE RIVAL OF CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA

sired. We wish to go further by larly two qUalifications for missaying that the need for mission- sionaries in the days to come: (1) aries today is even greater than they should possess the spirit of before. In the past, missionary cooperation with their fellow workwork was primarily in behalf of ers in the Church, willing to share the non-Christian people in China. with them the tasks that they have Several hundred million of our peo- before them, and (2) they should ple are still unreached by the Gos- come with warm evangelistic ferpel of Christ. These millions must vor, no matter in what capacity still present as great an appeal they seek to serve Christ in connecas ever to the stronger Older tion with the Church in China, Churches of the West. They pre- whether evangelistic, educational, sent to our Young Church our medical, social or administrative. greatest opportunity and responsi- While they need to have all the bility for service. technical qualifications befitting the high calling of a missionary, The need for missionary help is we regard these two points as of now intensified by the fact that the special importance, without which Young Church, which is still in its their work cannot yield the largest early stages of development, is be- measure of result. ginning to undertake its rightful and proper responsibilities. Being We ask for your prayers and still in its childhood, our Church continued cooperation to the end can be greatly helped by the wis- that with the blessing of the Great dom, experience and religious back- Head of the Church, our efforts to ground of our missionary friends deepen the spiritual life of the from abroad. In considering the Christians and to win the fealty of present development of the work the unevangelized masses of our in China, we feel that all types of people to Christ as their Lord and missionaries are still necessary, Saviour, will be most fruitful. whether they be regular missionaries who come to China for life (Signed) service or special workers who come for a particular phase of the C. Y. CHENG, work in China for a limited time. Moderator.

We wish to emphasize particu- A. R. KEPLER, General Secretary.

THE RIVAL OF CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA* C OMMUNISM is Christian- youth as the friend of democracy ity's competitor in China. and the rallying ground for the en- The reasons for this are the thusiastic devotion of youth which radical, adventurous nature of the it held twenty years ago. The time Communist movement, its readiness to experiment, its clear aim has come for a revaluation of and definite program, and its pro- Christian work and for readiness fessed championship of "the poor to take a bold step forward. and the oppressed." Christianity takes direct issue Christianity appears to have lost the place of leadership among with Communism on three lines, as pointed out recently by a leader ~ 'l'he Ohinese Recorder. of the Chinese Church.

(1) Communism favors the use

of violence-we are followers of is outspoken in opposition to war the Prince of Peace. The time has and militarism, calls for open alcome for the Chinese Church to legiance to Christ and the living take a clearcut stand against war of Christ in all relationship of life, and the militaristic method. There it can win the devoted enthusiasm are indications that show a readi- of young people who will be as ness on the part of some of the ready to preach Christianity as foremost Christian leaders to do their fellows have been to preach this. Communism during recent years.

(2) Communism aims to pro- Communism has been especially duce the mass-mind and the mass- successful in the use of the printed soul, which often lead to the de- page. Christianity must be just struction of the individual. Chris- as aggressive in presenting its tianity insists on the persons as case. There is need for the pro- duction of new literature and the an end. translation of western books, set- (3) Communism produces a ting forth what Christianity is and the kind of men and society it atparty mind by prohibiting freedom tempts to create. But possibly the of speech. Christianity liberates. greatest failure on the part of the Church is the failure to get into The Christian forces should be circulation the material which it in a position to challenge directly does print. One is sometimes the philosophy of Communism on struck with the number of good these points. Would it not be well things printed which do not reach to invite prominent speakers from the general public. Cannot more abroad to meet the Communist attractive editions be put out? propaganda? But what is even How can Christian pUblications be more important is a program for offered for sale in the book stalls the farmers and working classes and public markets of our big that will command the respect of cities-places where the students thinking people. Through mass and young people are buying the education, agricultural experi- books they read? ments, proper recreation, community uplift and regeneration, At the Wofossu Regional Conthe Church must meet the needs of the "poor and oppressed." The ference in 1929, Dr. John R. Mott, in a brief address, said, "The idealism of youth will respond to a Church must learn to trust youth. call for help in such constructive Youth without responsibility is dangerous. If given heavy reendeavor. sponsibility you do not need to There is evidence of a growth fear young people."

out of a narrow nationalism into a Have we jobs that will consume larger brotherhood. A Christian the zeal of young people and are youth mo,vement will rally to the we ready to use them? It is high time that the Church in China surcause of Christian international- veyed and revaluated its work in the light of the need and opporism. tunity for enlisting youth in a Communism has made headway radical program of real Chris- tianity! ROWLAND M. CROSS. in China through propaganda. The Church can well take a leaf from the Communist notebook of method. If the Church is ready for experiment, has an adventurous program of social reconstruction,

ASSEMBLY OF THE EVANG~JLICAL CHURCH OF PUERTO

(.January 27-20, 11131.) A UNITED CHURCH IN PUERTO RICO BY THE REV. FREDERICK LESLIE BROWNLEE, NEW YORK . ElJ ec utiv6 8c(,"retur]J o/thc Amcdcun Mi8iJiu1WFY Assuciation FOR several years the Protes- so apparent, however, to the mis- tant Churches of Puerto Rico sionary boards and the churches have been discussing the values at home. Here tradition, pride, and possibilities of a single Prot- theology, creed and vested inter- estant Church for the island. The ests loom large. It seemed there- values are obvious. The island is fore that organic union in Puerto small and compact. The people are Rico was destined to spend itself homogeneous. The experiences of in talk and resolutions. Everyone the various denominations at work appeared to be for union but no on the island are almost too new to two denominations dared to unite.

have become traditions. Practically Some thought that no denomina- from the beginning the churches tions ought to unite until all de- have been united in common ob- nominations were ready to unite.

jectives, a common evangelical Some denominations on the island fellowship, a common theological were ready but the missionary seminary, a sin g I e evangelical boards back home could not agree.

press and in the support of a Preachers on the island were single missionary enterprise in fearful lest during the transition Santo Domingo. These facts to- period while the united church was gether with the nationalist move- winning its spurs they would lose ments abroad, the emphasis on their ecclesiastical standing and comity, federation and union at special annuity and insurance home, and the reasonableness of privileges.

the proposition encouraged some So the movement dragged along in the hope that the organic union until something over a year ago of all the churches of Puerto Rico when the United Brethren, Chris- might come easily and rapidly. tians and Congregationalists pro- The weakness and foolishness of posed to unite in the formation of denominationalism are not always the Iglesia Evangelica de Puerto 263

Rico. The Missionary Boards 1. Mohler. The treasurer of the sponsoring these denominations Council is the resident representaagreed and January 28, 1931, was tive of the Board of Foreign set for the "wedding" ceremony in Missions of the United Brethren the church at Fajardo. Two days Church, Rev. Philo Drury. All preceding were spent in discussing business with the church boards and adopting a constitution and and the disbursement of all funds by-laws. Two days following were provided by them will be handled spent in setting up the new ma- unitedly through these officers and chinery and starting things going. the Executive Council, who in turn On the night of the celebration are responsible to the Assembly. the Fajardo church was packed. The president of the Assembly and All the preachers and missionary other officers are Puerto Ricans. representatives of the three denom- Since the churches are located in inations were present. Greetings two distinct sections of the island were presented by representatives two regional committees were set of some of the denominations that up by the Council. These commitmay come into the union later. tees will meet monthly. A member Almost two dozen speeches were of one of these committees is the made. The'listeners who knew no former representative of the Chris- Spanish pronounced the proceed- tian Churches, the Rev. D. P. Baring an oratorical contest. But near rett ; the other members of the eleven o'clock the organist began committees are natives. In fact, to play the wedding march. Three only three Americans belong to representatives from each of the the entire Assembly. In the States denominations came to the altar there will be an Administrative and united their eighteen hands. A Committee composed of representgroup of small flower boys and atives from the missionary boards girls encircled them. The minister whose business it shall be to replaced his hand on the nine united view policies suggested by the Aspairs of hands and pronounced the sembly and Executive Council, to new united body "La Iglesia Evan- consider requests for financial aid gelica de Puerto Rico." (The Evan- and to make such recommendations gelical Church of Puerto Rico.) as they may decide upon to their The congregation joined hands and respective directors. sang "Blest be the tie that binds." While the statistics of the United The organization of the United Church are not quite so pretentious Church is not unlike the customary as those of the Baptist Church ecclesiastical bodies. There is a alone, nevertheless, they are highly general representative assembly significant. There are thirty-six which will meet annually, with its native church organizations with president and other usual officers. church buildings in sixteen dif- An executive council consisting of erent municipalities, with thirtysome fourteen persons elected by nine ordained pastors and thirtythe Assembly will conduct the com- three additional p aid workers. mon business of the churches ad Radiating as it were from these interim. The executive secretary thirty-six churches are seventyof this council is the resident rep- four rural parishes, most of which resentative of the American Mis- have small chapels. The total sionary Association, Rev. Charles membership is 3,518 of whom 405

1[131] A UNITED CHURCH IN PUERTO RICO

represent new members received transacted reveals good, practical in 1930, with 636 candidates for sense. Many difficulties doubtless membership awaiting the com- lie ahead and it will be a generapletion of their instruction. In tion at least before the churches the seventy-seven Sunday-schools will have become self-supporting there are 4,354 pupils. Young peo- -Puerto Ricans are poor, miserples societies report 857 members. ably poor-but hopes are high and 'IHE CHURCH AT FAJARDO, WHERE THE PRO'l'JJ;STAN'l' ASSEMBLY MET Church property is valued at courage is strong. The natives are $457,300. The annual budget is conscious of the responsibility $70,416, of which amount the na- which now rests upon their shoultive churches provide $13,416. ders. They are grateful for the opportunities before them. They The Executive Council of the crave the continued fellowship, United Church has had its first council and financial support of formal meeting. The themes dis- the churches in the States. cussed show vision. The business Count Zinzindorf said: "I have one passion and that is Christ. He only." James Calvert, missionary to the Fiji Islands declared: "Where Christ commands and directs, I cheerfully go. I only desire what He approves and to do what He requires for the remainder of my life." David Brainerd, the apostle to the American Indians, said: "When a soul loves God with a supreme love, God's interests and his are become one. It is no matter when or where or how Christ should send me, nor what trials He should exercise me with, if I may be prepared for His work and will." Henry Martyn, ere he died in Persia: "I am born for God only. Christ is nearer to me than father or mother or sister-a nearer relation, a more affectionate friend; and I rejoice to follow Him and to love Him. Blessed Jesus. Thou art all I want; a forerunner to me in all I ever shall go through as a Christian, a minister or a missionary." The immortal Livingstone, in a dark hour in darkest Africa, exclaimed: "Noth- ing earthly will make me give up my work in despair: I encourage myself in the Lord my God, and go forward." His African followers found his dead body upon its knees, in the gray dawn of that memorable fourth of May, 1873. The great missionary had died, as he had lived. in prayer. This touching entry was found in his journal, written on the next to the last birthday of his life, "My Jesus, my King, my Life, my All, I again dedicate my whole self to thee."

TRAGEDY OF THE INDIAN STUDENTS*

T HIS is the true story of a all three of them dipping with their young Indian girl born on the fingers into the one pan of stew. Mescalero Reservation in a Into her mind flashed the picture tepee. She spent her early years of the dining room at school, the playing with the other little chil- table set daintily, the food served dren under the pines. As soon as graciously, surrounded by the smilshe was old enough she went to the ing faces of friends. And then government school in the town of came days when she was torn be- Mescalero, where she studied until tween the strong family loyalty she reached the fifth grade. She which is the heritage of the Indian had always shown an unusual abil- and the feeling that she could not ity and desire to learn. A friend go back to the old way of living took an interest in her and sent and fall so far below the standards her to the Presbyterian mission that had been taught her for years. school through the grades. At that time she had developed into such At last she went to the mission a fine girl that they took care of and sobbing bitterly she asked: her until she finished high school, from which she graduated with "What shall I do? I ought not honors. Now she could sew, she to leave my father and mother, and had learned to play the piano, she I can't live like this? There is loved to read and had become nothing for me to do. My parents aware of the beauty and inspira- are old-fashioned, they don't want tion of good literatUre. She could any changes. Why, it is impossible appreciate the niceties of life. for me to even keep clean! I can't bear it!" But school days were over and she must go back to the Reserva- She finally decided to leave the tion. That first night at home was Reservation and find work someone of bitter unhappiness. "Home" where so that she might help her was a tepee with absolutely noth- parents by sending them money. ing inside except a pile of dirty She has a position in the home of rags and goat-skins flung in a cor- Christian people in Phoenix, Ariner to sleep on. As she pulled one zona, which gives her a chance to of these over her she thought of live in a clean, wholesome environthe clean white sheets of her bed ment and be self-supporting. at the dormitory and the clean blankets that had covered her. This is the tragedy of the transi- That first meal with her mother tion of the younger generation and father had been eaten squat- from the old life to the new. "Our ting in front of the fire outside the responsibility for these boys and tent, the old battered coffeepot girls does not end with giving them boiling over into the flames, and an education. Even more is it nec- essary that with that education • Told at the meeting of the Woman's Board they shall be assisted in making ~~ ~~ii~~: Missions of the Reformed Church an adjustment to life away from the Reservation and their own peo- pIe-to life as Christian American citizens."

266

PEOPLE AND THE ·CHURCH

BY THE REV. RALPH McAFEE, D.D., Detroit, Michigan E:rcoutit:e Secretary at tile Detroit CfJUJ1(:iZ oj ClIf,o>chc8 T HE relation of America's people now active in young people's youth to the churches is a organizations. Of sixteen secre- matter of vital concern not taries replying, six believed that only to the churches but to the fu- the calibre of those now active in ture of America herself. young people's work is as high as it was ten years ago; eight be- The National Association of lieved it is higher than ten years Executive Secretaries of State and ago; and two, who are fast ap- Local Councils and Federations of proaching the end of their active Churches has for some years been Kingdom service, believe the calistudying the relationship of young people to the church and has been bre is lower than ten years ago. endeavoring to influence young Some correspondents note the people's organizations toward a marked increase in the number of more effective contribution to the college bred men and women who work of the· Kingdom of God. At are now in training for service as the recent meeting of this Associa- religious education and social servtion held in Chicago, a special Com- ice directors. mittee on Young People's work presented a report on some of the It appears certain that our promore important phases of the work grams are strongly feminized, failof modern young people in the ing to attract many of the best of church. This report dealt with five our young men. The proportion major questions: of women to men is probably about 60 to 40, corresponding in the main 1. What is the caliber of those now to the general church proportion. active in young people's organizations in your city? A third question inquired as to the main points of strength and 2. Which sex is more active and the major difficulties in the local influential in your programs? church young people's program. The points of strength noted are: 3. What are the main points of strength and the major difficulties in 1. Recognition of the importance of the local church young people's pro- youth. gram? 2. Democracy in conceiving and de- 4. What are the major points of veloping programs. strength and the major weaknesses in the most successful denominational 3. Adequate and sympathetic leaderyoung people's programs? ship.

5. What are the outstanding suc- 4. Use of forum and discussion cesses and weaknesses of our inter- group ideas. denominational programs? 5. A completely unified local church In the preparation of their re- program. port, the special committee pur- The major weaknesses noted sued four lines of investigation in are: nineteen cities. 1. Adult and ministerial monopoly.

The first questions dealt with the 2. Lack vision beyond local church calibre and the sex of -the young walls.

267

3. Inadequate leadership and equip- machinery. It limits vision to ment. denominational boundaries. It ab- sorbs all the time of the young 4. Distractions of college, i. e., ab- people with denominational activ- sence of young people in college and ity, leaving no margin for the unsettlement of the religious faith of larger Kingdom interests. It ex- those who return. alts itself above Christian living.

5. Distractions of the mating pe- The final question deals with the riod. successes and weaknesses of our interdenominational pro g ram s. 6. Misunderstanding of young peo- Young People's Councils related ple by the pastor. for the most part to Councils of Religious Education, are declared As an illustration of this mis- to be the most successful organi- understanding we quote from a zations in the field, but the Y. P. letter from a corresponding secre- S. C. E. are running them a close tary of a young people's Union in second and in some cities easily America's third largest city- outdistancing them. Philadelphia: The standard achievements re- In most cases in the local church the ported are: young people's work is given slight or no attention by the pastor and mem- 1. Serie·s of addresses-as by Miss bers of the official board. The pastor, Slattery and Dr. Poling. in many cases, i·s too busy to devote much time to his young people. Mem- 2. Easter and Pentecost Sunrise bers of the official board in most case~ Services. don't have the ambition to lead the youth of the church or, with some very 3. Help in financial campaigns. few exceptions, are too busy. 4. Rallies.

A fourth question asked for an 5. Pageants. . analysis of the strength and the 6. Conferences. 7. Recreation-Athletic Leagues. weakness of the most successful 8. Training schooJ.s for leadership. denominational young people's pro- 9. Good Friday Three Hour Serv- ·grams. Replies indicate that the ices. strength of denominational pro- grams lies in denominational pride The weaknesses of the interde- and overpowering loyalty to it. nominational young peoples pro- This loyalty produces trained and grams and the difficulties they face able leadership, programs which are legion: fundamental among are clearly defined, coordinated, them however are: promoted and understood, through summer conferences and wisely de- 1. Absence of adequate leadership. vised devotional material. Among 2. The fact that there is as yet no others, Methodists and Presbyte- agreement on the place and function rians are mentioned as developing of interdenominational young people's strong programs. work. 3. The lack of correlation between The weaknesses of the denomi- young people's programs in the local national programs centered around church, in the denominational and in the fact of denominational loyalty. the interdenominational fields. It is too autocratic, self-centered, 4. Constantly changing personnel conservative, lacking in social vi- and leaders. sion, and has no particular objec- 5. Lack of pastoral sympathy and tives beyond strengthening its own cooperation.

FIFTY YEARS IN CEYLON

6. Lack of persons who visualize need to face the fact that they the importance of the interdellomina- ought to uverate a::; detillite part::; tional young people's program. of the all-inclusive program of the modern church. It was agreed The Executives of the Councils that since the major part of the of Churches throughout the coun- leadership of our young people's try are convinced that the young organizations now resides and people's organizations of America probably should continue to reside need a carefully ·coordinated program of yearly activities. It is ap- in our Directors of Religious Eduparent on all sides that the young cation, these specialists together people's organizations are fritter- with representatives of other siming away too large a share of their ilar organizatiuns mig h t well capacities and of their influence merge into a nation-wide combecause of this fundamental lack of coordination. It is likewise mittee on the field and function of clear that young people's societies young people's work, both denomi- national and interdenominational.

FIFTY YEARS IN CEYLON M Iss SUSAN R. HOWLAND MISS HOWLAND TWENTY-~'IVE YEARS entered missionary service in Ceylon, in 1873, under AGO the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. She ful a missionary service. Certainly was the daughter of veteran mis- few have been so well loved. By sionaries, the Rev. W. W. Howland request of her fellow workers she and Susan Reed Howland, inherit- remained on the field a few years ing the love of the Christian com- after her retirement, but recently munity and winning her own place she came to America to live with in their hearts. For some years she her brother, Rev. John Howland, a was an associate of Eliza Agnew in missionary in Mexico for nearly the old Oodooville Female Semi- half a century. nary, and followed her in charge of this oldest of girls' boarding schools in foreign mission fields. For more than thirty years she continued teaching the daughters and granddaughters of her early pupils, but about twenty years ago she gave the responsibilities of the school into other hands. She then turned to evangelistic work, and in every village found "daughters" and their homes wide open to her. Her ripened ministry in the homes and in the hospital at Inuvil, proved of untold value to the whole community. Few persons in any land or time have had so long or so fruit-

GIVE THE GOSPEL TO MOSLEMS?*

BY MOHAMMED ABDUL QAYYUM DASKAWIE, Rawalpindi, Panjab Projes,wr in Gordon College since 1928 I SLAM is a pre-Reformation dents at their desks. It puts non- Protestantism gone awry. It Christian agencies at our disposal was a movement in the ancient and in this age of the power of the Syrio-Arabian world which aimed press is probably the most powerat re-discovering and re-instating ful instrument of evangelism, if the truth of the unity and spiritual- rightly used and if adapted to the ity of God. It was in no sense either needs of those to whom it goes. The a new or an original movement but wonder is that we do not use it as it was needed for the land where it much as we should. A business man arose, as a corrective for Judiasm will spend thousands of dollars to and Christianity as they existed advertise candy or chewing gum there. It was a protest against the but we who have an urgent mes- Mariolatry and saint-worship in sage do not put it to its full use.

the Church of that day and against In India alone there are over 70,- the exclusiveness of the Jewish re- 000,000 Moslems whom it is our ligion. The founder of Islam was duty to reach with the Gospel of convinced of the divine origin of Life. There are very few well writthe two great faiths that had pre- ten books which could be put into ceded it but had now lost, for a the hands of those who do not read time, their original mission and the English language. Most of the spirituality. Had the Church of Christian books for Moslems were Christ in the sixth and seventh cen- written in the past century or early tury been loyal to the New Testa- in this century. Two or three that ment teaching of Christ and His have appeared during the last few disciples there never would have years are controversial and are inbeen any need for an ant8gonistic adequate for those who are not inand rival faith like Islam. terested in religious controversies. Moreover, the day that is dawning Be that as it may, we today are in the world of Islam is not of conconfronted with the task of carry- troversy but of sympathetic aping the life-giving Gospel of Jesus proach. The younger generation Christ to those who do not truly is not enthusiastic about learning know Him. How can we as Chris- the Koran and most of them do not tians better accomplish our labor of even read it. We need to give them, love for our Master? Many meth- therefore, not a pamphlet controods of evangelism have been tried verting the truth of a particular and found successful in bringing sura, but something that will meet the Gospel of Christ to Moslems; their changing conditions. one of them, the printed page, finds its way to places and persons un- There is no Christian book today thought of and maybe unheard of that we could give to our Moslem before. It finds readers among the college students. In Gordon College, women in the zenanas and the stu- where I have been working for • An address given at the annnal meetlng some years, we have some very of The American Christian Llteratl"e Society keen, active and alert minds, yet for Moslems, Jannary 24, 1931.

270 there is no attempt made to pro- know the dreadfulness of the dis- vide anything suitable for them. ease. The loathing of sin arises These students are the representa- through a moral conception of the tives of the educated classes among holiness of God. The Moslem the Moslems, and we must provide thinks that sin can be removed by the contact with Christian truth money and atoned for by fastings through suitable literature. and prayers. He takes a mercenary There is a still larger class of view of sin. He does not feel its those who are only half educated or ravages upon the human soul but who can read only the vernaculars. considers only the displeasure of These people are highly sensitive God at his disobedience. His idea and most of them have never been of outweighing sin by goodness in under Christian influence. A sym- its literal sense is familiar to all.

pathetic approach and a sound Yet there are spiritually minded argument-simple and yet keen- souls who do see that sin is more is what wins their approbation. I than a mere mistake. We need to know of nothing suitable that we show the Moslem that sin is not could put into their hands. only disobedience to a far-off God, Another large class is made up of but that it is corruption. Not a few the women who are locked up in the of my fellow-converts have testified zenanas. Many of them can read a to the growing consciousness of the little today, which was not true ten sinfulness of sin as they have tried years ago. The woman missionary to live the Christian life.

can give them Gospel portions but Another feature of our message the Gospel background needs to be for the Moslems is the message of understood and explained. These God's love in Christ-the heart of women need to see the glory of the Christian Bible. No one who Christ, His love, and His esteem has ever seen the love of God as re- for womanhood. They enjoy the vealed in Jesus Christ can forget fruits of His spirit and teachings that God or refuse to yield to Him.

without acknowledging Him. Orthodox Islam has no place for May I make bold to suggest a mysticism; it had to import it from few lines along which we could the Grecian and Hindu thought. The confession of George Matheson make an approach to the Moslem is not the confession of one man mind in presenting the message of only but of what men and women Christ? There are a number of have felt from the earliest dawn of things that the Moslem holds in Christianity: common with the Christians and we should be ready to make use of 0, Love, that will not let me go, them. I rest my weary soul in Thee; The first thing that the Christian I give Thee back the life lowe, message must do is to emphasize That in Thine ocean's depth its flow May richer, fuller be.

the ethical side of the Christian The love of God is the message message. The Moslem believes in which brings the proud and the the presence of sin in the world but haughty to their knees before his view of sin is very superficial. Christ who is King because He is Many people do not see the need of Love incarnate.

a Saviour because they do not see We often forget that Christ was the heinousness of sin. They seek a great hero and that the human no remedy because they do not heart is at core a hero-worshipper.

We fail to adequately impress upon having slain the enmity thereby." the Moslems the moral perfection -(Eph. 2: 14-16.) and the sheer manliness of the hu- 'man Jesus. We should do greater When the mother of Jesus came justice to this side of our Lord's to see Him, and they told Him that life. We forget that it takes more His mother and brothers were courage to be kind than to cross the standing outside calling Him, our Atlantic Ocean in an aeroplane; es- Lord asserted the superiority of pecially when it means being kind the spiritual brotherhood over the to the type of people whom every- kinship of the flesh. The Christian body despises. It is all very well to brotherhood must be so presented be kind to one another if that and we must in the name of Christ means being kind to our own so- either remove or at least minimize ciety and those on a par with us, the denominations and counter-debut when it comes to being kind to nominations that exist among us. the publican and the sinners, then We must not let our Christian souls . . .? It takes more courage to be be cramped and dwarfed by these faithful to one's ideals in face of distinctions. We must become one death than it takes to conquer the body of Christ if we are to evanworld. It is far nobler to pray for gelize the world and to bring all one's enemies than it is to hit back men into the flock of the Great and demand a tooth for a tooth. Shepherd. Our brotherhood must Jesus Christ was a great hero and be demonstrated as it is, a higher He was a perfect Man. When men and a more spiritual kinship than and women are brought face to that of any other religion or cult. face with Him they find themselves acknowledging His more than hu- Another feature of our message man origin. must be the preservation of a rev- e1'ential attitude toward things The Moslem belongs to a great spiritual. We are prone to forget brotherhood but the Christian the reverence that the Moslem has brotherhood is more spiritual and for God. In the growth of knowl- edge and Christian freedom we should be greater. This brother- must not forget the reverence that hood is founded on a surer and holier basis than any other broth- is due to God. Perfect love casteth erhood in the wOil"ld, because it is out fear until love takes the place founded on the blood of our Lord of fear something should be re- Himself. The Christians of vari- tained to help life flow in right ous races and countries were united when Christ died on the Cross. In channels. Other features might be the letter to the Ephesians we are mentioned but this is by no means told that "He is our peace, who intended to be an exhaustive treatmade both one, and brake down the ment of the subject. These sugmiddle wall of partition, having gestions have been made to point abolished in His flesh the enmity, out the great need for suitable even the law of commandments Christian literature for Moslems contained in ordinances; that he and the enormity and difficulty of might create in himself of the two the task that God has given to us. one new man, so making peace; and The signs of encouragement are might reconcile them both in one numerous. A harvest is ready to body unto God through the cross, be reaped if only we have the cour- age and skill under God to reap it.

by F. C

AN EVANGELISTIC SFJRVICEJ TN A HAMLEJ'r IN NORTH INDIA A GLIMPSE OF HAMLET LIFE IN INDIA BY JAMES M. BAKER, Ongale, Guntur, India Amcrica,n Baptist TelufJu Mi88i01l-J 1895- n .; BOUT eighty-five per cent of outcaste the hamlet the more com- the people of India live in plex its life. The missionary or small villages, the life of Indian leader who seeks to eSwhich is decidedly rural. Even in tablish Christian church life in these small villages people do not such a hamlet has to 'understand live unitedly. Caste distinctions and partially, at least, to overcome and family quarrels have divided this complexity. If he seeks to them into small residential sec- establish a church for a number of tions, many of which are quite hamlets his problem is still greater. isolated. These sections are called hamlets. Some castes and un- Some of these complexities are friendly families would not be al- directly or indirectly connected lowed to live promiscuously in with poverty; some are due to the hamlets, even if they chose to do teachings of the Hindu religion; so. some result from certain customs which have grown up, some arise All hamlet life in India, although from superstitions, and some are it. does not at first seem so, is very theeffed of perverse notionsrecomplex. The poorer and more garding' sanitation. Among the 3 273

passive causes are-failure to Poverty and hunger leads natur- ally honest people to steal. In know or to observe the ten com- famine times, the troubles of hammandments, the two comman!!. let life blaze up glaringly. Onements given by Christ, and the third of India is always hungry, golden rule. but doubly so in famine.

It is wonderful what a little in· The Hindu religion does not struction along all these lines can help improve the daily life of the do toward ironing out the wrinkles hamlet. It has a positive tendency in hamlet life. The average house to make it worse. Its fatalistic and ground is about 20 by 20 feet. teaching lulls men to sleep until a No wall separates these lots, most pending calamity actually falls of the houses are without doors, upon them. This fills the mind full there being only a passageway two of fear over what imagined demons feet wide, through which to enter. are going to do. It permits steal- All the hamlet houses are placed ing in case of necessity. It makes in family groups with certain rela- trying to learn appear to the lower tions one to another. This con- caste hamlets to be sinful. This gestion, together with fixed notions is important because only one of relative location, causes endless quarter of the population are of friction and the doorless houses the higher castes. Hinduism asadd to the mixup. sumes no responsibility whatever for the secular or religious instruc- This condition makes necessary tion of the lower castes. It punalmost unlimited trust in neighbors ishes no wrong except the breaking in a country where there is little of caste rules. It approves of the absolute trust in anyone. marriage of children and even al- lows baby girls to be married to The marriage of close relatives old men. is intended to minimise complications, but it seems to act the other There is much in Hinduism that way and very often creates family is fine and beautiful, but it is about feuds. The close proximity of as useful to the masses as a big houses makes the family dog, buf- dish of rice and curry mixed with falo, and chickens, a problem to a little arsenic. solve in relation to the other family's dog, buffalo, and chickens. The idea of fate is so deeply in- The houses too, are constructed culcated by Hinduism that no secwith mud walls and with thatched ular or religious teaching can filter roofs. They are, at best, only down from the top layer of society. temporary shelters and require If the "Seventy-five percent" are constant attention to keep them to learn anything, some other refrom collapsing. They are almost ligion must undertake to teach valueless as a security. them.

This lack of valuable property The civilization of the land is so brings in its train a long line of old that many strange and inconcomplications. For instance, a sistent customs have taken deep man may desert his wife and chil- root and added much to the intridren. The law can do little with cate network of hamlet life. For him for he has nothing that the instance, even the outcaste, if he law can take. If all such were put touches the dead body of his father in jail, the prhlOns would soon be or mother, must spenil days going full.

J931] A GLIMPSE OF HAMLET LIFE IN INDIA

through various ceremonies of ning. It has stopped short. On purification. But without any pol- close examination he finds that lution in the eyes of his own people a community superstition has he may take off the hide of an ani- jumped into the cog wheel. mal which has died and cut up for distribution its meat and eat of it Just how much the lack of sanihimself. tation has added to the melting pot of hamlet sufferings has never been A middle caste hamlet may build figured out. The Government has a shrine to anyone of the gods- done more than missions, but even for example "Ramaswamy." The the fringe of the need has not yet neighboring lower caste builds a been met. shrine in their hamlet to the same god. If anyone from the lower There are nO latrines or sewer caste hamlet should enter that of systems in the viIlages. Men and the higher caste he must keep a women bathe at night in the street proper distance from the shrine, under the cover of darkness. The but if a higher caste man visits the adults go to relieve nature into the lower caste hamlet he may sit on fields or lanes; the little children the shrine and pollute it without sit down anywhere and the scavany objection· either from himself enger service is rendered by dogs, or from the hamlet people. hogs, chickens and crows. Dung heaps and cesspools are unregu- When the missionary attempts lated. Wells and tanks are guarded to plant the simple principles of from the next lower caste but not from pollution by filthy members Jesus in such a soil, he loses all of the same caste. influence and becomes a laughing stock if he rides over rough shod When an epidemic touches one their customs. family in the crowded hamlet, im- mediate steps are taken to propiti- Among all the castes, supersti- ate some demon, but isolation is tion has taken a firmer hold of the seldom if ever attempted. Before Indian imagination than Hinduism civilization can be established in itself. The new missionary won- India, the principles of Christ and the laws of physical, mental and ders what is wrong. The machin- social health must be observed. ery he has set up on western models simply will not go on run- WORLD'S SUNDAY SCHOOL STATISTICS Tabulation is made of the Sunday-school membership throughout the world every four years by the World Sunday School Association. Since current figures for the United States and Canada were submitted at the convention of the International Council of Religious Education, held in Toronto last June, it is possible to give the following corrected tabulation for the world: Grand Divisions No. of No. of O!fice·rs No. of Total S. S. and Teachers Scholars Enrolment North America ………….. . Central America ………… . 159,817 2,179,312 21,851,027 24,030,339 South America ………….. . 381 1,832 19,098 20,930 West Indies …………….. . Europe ………………… . 2,976 11,695 159,160 170,855 Asia ………………….. ,. 1,930 17,364 171,330 188,694 Africa …………………. . 90,621 854,905 8,462,845 9,317.750 Malaysia ……………….. . 1,567,382 Oceania ………………… . 37,427 96,564 1,470,818 789,658 13,148 63,477 726,181 108,624 100,463 880,430 1,422 8,161 790,710 12,898 89,720 320,620 S,323,030 S3,751,632 37,074,66.?

CRISIS IN PALESTINE'"

BY THE LATE REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., HAIFA, PALESTINE jLL eyes have been turned to of the efforts of the Government £l.. the Holy Land during the to battle against this pest.

past year. For Jew and Gen- (d) The Mice Plague. However tile 1930 has proved a time of trial great the damage done by the lo- and stress. Weare in the midst custs, the mice accomplished the of the people who have made the rest, and this plague is still con- personal sacrifices, and have been tinuing.

literally bearing the burden, and (e) The £100,000 to compensate been broiling under the burning those who suffered from the riots sun of Megiddo, J ezreel and Lower has proved a great failure, for the Galilee. In these parts the actual Arabs claimed compensation and redemption of the land has taken got it, and the result was no one place, and it is here that the ma- received adequate compensation.

jority of the Zionist Colonies have (f) The adverse report of the been established, and where over Shaw Commission.

forty thousand Zionist Halutzim (g) The so-called temporary are still continuing the struggle stoppage of immigration.

against the climatic conditions. (h) The Wailing Wall Commis- In coming in contact with these sion.

people, whom we can truly call the All these were enough to break "rebuilders" of Zion, and who are the spirit of the strongest and quite different from those who staunchest people, but the Jew still have shown their interest merely went on, hopeful and undaunted.

by sending money to Palestine, we Then came the White Paper, stop- have learned much, and are in a ping the immigration for ten position to give a true estimate of years, and prohibiting the sale of the result of the tragedy. land for ten years. This is prac- The year 1929-30 has been a tically the "last straw to break the record year of severe blows meted camel's back."

out to the Jewish people in the I have met with some of the Land of the Redeemer, and I am leaders and many of the Zionist afraid that they are taking this Halutzim the last few days. Every- last blow as almost a final one. where we hear the words: "We There prevails a tragic hopeless- have been betrayed." Now they ness, which I have never witnessed say the last blow is to come, and before among these people. that will be an adverse report (a) There were the atrocities of from the Wailing Wall Commis- 1929. sion.

(b) The Shaw Commission-in One dare not comment on all itself, and in the way it was con- this, but at the same time we can ducted, was disappointing ?ond dis- see and read the signs of the times.

'heartening. At least here in Haifa it is (c) The Locust Scourge which broken. A quarrel which took devastated crops and tree!>, in spite place here between the Christians "From The E1'angelical Ohristian. and the Moslems with regards to a 276 small old cemetery was so serious The French Consulate is in disthat one Christian, Mr. Barhari, favor because it has been maneuan editor of a newspaper, was vering and creating favorable killed, and some were wounded. If propaganda for France, and for it were not for the prompt and the Mandate to go to France. strong measures taken by the France is jealous of the profitable British military authorities not balance in the Palestine Finance, many Christians would have been as against the deficits in their own left, especially of those who took Mandatory State of S),ria. Italy part in the quarrel. The result says that she will be more profit- WITH THE MISSIONARIES TO THE JEWS AT HAIFA (Dec. 1929) From left to right-~lr8. Christie, Dr. Chrjstie, Mrs. D. L. Pierson, Mrs. Rohold and the late S. B. Rohold was that there is hatred prevailing able to the Jews than anyone else all over Haifa and the district. to carry out the Mandate, as she has not the large Moslem popula- When Dr. Drummond Sheils- tions to whom she has to cater, as Secretary to the Colonies-was in Great Britain and France must do. Palestine, the Christians of Haifa sent him a petition that they did A high British official admitted not want to be any more united that the Government had always with the Moslems. The political had warning from the Indian papers have been trying to patch it Government, not to offend the up, but it is not so easy. The Ro- Moslems. man Catholic Metropolitan, Archbishop Hajjar, who has always While I do not minimize the been a leader in anti-Jewish things, blow the Jewish people have rehas now turned otherwise. ceived, yet I believe it may prove to be a blessing.

(a) The Jewish people will now but there is a definite "Christ have to give up relying on the movement." strength and promises of man, and will turn to God and His promises. On October 20th, when the blow of the White Paper fell on the (b) They will give themselves to Jews, we learned that in the fill up all the gaps, and make every schools here they had started to effort to cultivate all the land they teach the children "The Life of have, and settle it properly, mak- Jesus." On that very day, in our ing secure.their possessions. Haifa Bible Depot, we sold over fifty Hebrew New Testaments to When the Spirit of God moves, Jewish boys. When we asked why then there are sure to be results. they wanted Greek New Testa- The past few years the attitude of ments, those young boys have said: the nominal Christians here was "We must study it in the original." anything but good. They were the Here is a definite movement, for which we return thanks to God, leaders in all the anti-Jewish agi- and for which we ask God's people tations. Yet the attitude of the to unite in earnest prayer. Jewish people towards the Lord Jesus has not only vastly improved, CHRIST OR ANTI-CHRIST-WHICH?

T HE teachings and power of Christ offer the most fundamental obstacle to communism," says Stanley High, Editor of the Chris- tian Herald. "Do we want the rising side of self-consciousness among the non-white people directed by Christianity or by Russia? There was a time when it was so dangerous to become a Christian that to become one meant to become a missionary, The zeal that characterized Christianity of old is found today in communism, whose ranks are examined· and purged yearly of the unworthy. On my recent trip around the world I started out with the idea that perhaps a synthesis of the world's great faiths was needed. But when I saw what is happening in the Far East, I came to believe that there is no other name under heaven by which men are changed and saved except by the name of Jesus Christ. It is the only way in which the world can walk in the way of peace. General Smuts, speaking of the rising tide of race-consciousness in Africa said: 'For this awakening, Christianity and the missionaries are responsible.' Christianity provides an awakening principle, it provides also a conserving force, enabling people to live as God's children should. That is what Christianity is doing around the world."

We face the alternative of the rule of Christ or the rule of Anti- Christ in the world today.

INTEREST IN

BY THE REV. GORDON CHAPMAN, SUMIYOSHI KU, OSAKA, JAPAN MifS8ioow.ry oJ the l'rcsuJjtcrirm Church, U. S. A., 1921– WH I L E Japan is passing jected to considerable trouble be- through a serious economic cause they n;fused to submit to a crisis with unemployment local custom w hi c h compelled and other evils on the increase, the school children to worship at a cercountry is particularly open to the tain Shinto shrine.

Gospel, so that it is difficult to take The Christian Council of Japan advantage of all the open doors. has petitioned "the Commission to A united effort on the part of the investigate the System of Shrine Christian Churches is being made Worship" to settle definitely the to take advantage of the present status of Shrine-Shinto as to opportunity and thus afford a whether it is a religion or not; widespread preaching of the Gos- that if it is finally decided that it pel to the masses. "The Kingdom is outside the religious sphere that of God Movement," dominated by all religious practices at shrines Toyohiko Kagawa, has suffered cease; on the other hand if it is somewhat from an over depend- placed within the religious realm, ence upon human organization, but that its religious functions shall those concerned in the leadership not be made compulsory; that in are now awake to this danger and the effort to uplift the moral life there has been a much fuller em- of the children care be taken to phasis upon divine resources. protect their right of religious One of the issues which has be- freedom and that such problems as come increasingly acute of late is those created by compulsory worthat of Christianity and Shrine- ship on the part of school children Shinto. For many years the Gov- at shrines and before god-shelves ernment has divided Shinto into be avoided; that the provision two sections, Sect-Shinto, which is made in the Imperial Constituregarded as a religion, and Shrine- tion for the freedom of religious Shinto, which is regarded as a cult belief be made the keynote in the for the development of patriotism. solution of the problem. When It is unreasonable to assert that one considers this situation in con- Shrine-Shinto is non-religious when nection with the fact that a perthe Shrines are engaged in reli- sistant effort has been made for gious functions. The fact that the some years to enact a "Religions Government has promoted worship Law" which would put the Chris- at the shrines of Shrine-Shinto, tian Church under Government and even made it compulsory, has control, it is rather ominous to say in certain situations seriously in- the least. Pray for the Christian terfered with the freedom of re- Church in Japan in this crisis.

ligious belief granted by the Con- In the year of the anniversary stitution o,f the Empire, and has of Pentecost there was manifest even resulted in persecution. Re- everywhere a deep desire that the cently the Christians of a church power of the Holy Spirit may be in a country town have been sub- realized in real fulness. God has 279

put the burden for revival upon meeting which lasted for four days His children and this is being ex- and yet there was never a slack pressed in fervent prayer. During moment. All was wondrous liberty. the last half year we have seen evidences of at least a touch of re- The reality of an experience vival, both among missionaries and such as this has been witnessed to in the Japanese churches. Last over and over again by the fact spring about forty missionaries, that those experiencing it have representing at least half a dozen been more greatly used as channels denominations, were gathered in of blessing to others. One of the a retreat. All felt the need for a missionaries immediately after the fresh touch from God, that the retreat felt led to go to a Japanese Lord Jesus might be manifested Christian worker who had been esmore fully through us. The Lord tranged from his mission for a took the program in His own hands period of years, and after humand we were given a fresh vision bling himself seek reconciliation. of Himself and as He is repre- This being accomplished, the Japsented in His Body, which consists anese pastor was invited to speak of those of all denominations and at the annual conference of the sects. We realized anew our own Mission. weakness, and the criticism and lovelessness which too often filled At a Conference for the Deepenour lives. He enabled us to get right ing of the Spiritual Life at one of in regard to these things. He gave the mountain resorts four days us a wonderful revelation of the were set aside for prayer and the unity of the Body of Christ and the seeking of whatever God had for overwhelming need of a heart filled us. During the two weeks precedwith perfect love. We were led to ing the conference there were daily give ourselves to whole-hearted in- prayer meetings, both in the morntercession for the Body oil' Christ ing and the afternoon. During the and it was wonderful to hear the conference itself prayer meetings prayers for all kinds of denomina- were held each morning at 6: 30 o'clock and were attended by a tions, societies, countries and re- large proportion of the community. ligious leaders. Very often the one Then there was a daily Bible Readwho prayed had been critical to- ing at 10: 30 a. m. and an evening ward denominations or individuals session at 7: 30 o'clock. A large for whom he prayed and it took number of denominations were but the acknowledgment of this represented, including Anglican, to turn the prayer into victory. It Episcopalian, Christian Missionary came over us again and again that Alliance, Methodist, Presbyterian, the greatest hindrance to revival Lutheran, Baptist in their various branches. A large number testiis the friction and strife between fied to having received special the various members and branches blessing. A significant feature of of the Body; that it is only as we such testimonies was that most get right here that the Life could often the hindrance to blessing had flow to the members. The great been in wrong attitudes, such as lesson which we learned was that criticism and lack of love toward the Fire of the Spirit is Love. other m€mbers of the Body of There was no human leader in the Christ.

Not More Progress? opposition of priests, mullahs

"What is the greatest hindrance to "holy men," whose living and leadereffective missionary work 7" was a ship are dependent on their followers' question asked of many missionaries rejection of Christian teaching. It in our journey around the world. was so in the first century.

The answer,s were many and varied- 5. The failure of so-called Chris- some were superficial and inadequate; tians to live up to Christ's teaching is others showed experience and insight. a still greater obstacle. This includes We summarize a few: the evil influences emanating from 1. The lack of adequate financial nominal Christian countries of Europe sttpport was stressed in many places. and America. Degenerating movies, It was evident in such places as Ked- false and degrading literature, foreign gaon where the work that Pandita residents, and materialistic, agnostic Ramabai founded is being faithfully or atheistic teachings of some teach- and cheerfully carried on under diffi- ers from the Occident spread ideas culties-with a chapel never yet com- that often lead educated Hindus, Mos- pleted, sore need for a dispensary and lems, Chinese and Japanese not only a bookroom and with other depriva- to give up their traditional faith but tions in equipment and support. to reject all religion.

2. The lack of sufficient workers is 6. False ideas of God that come seriously felt as a real handicap and from false interpretations and views has been since the first missionaries of Christ and the Bible offer another were sent out. How few the workers hindrance that can scarcely be over- there are for such a great task! Iso- estimated. Wrong conceptions of the lated stations, like Hillah in Mesopo- deity of Christ lead Moslems to tamia and Muscat in Arabia, usually stumble. We heard Buddhist- and feel it most. Even the few evangel- Hindu priests misquoting and misin- istic workers are too often overcrowded terpreting the Scriptures, holding with educational, administrative or fi- Christianity up to ridicule and saying, nancial responsibilitie,s. One man or "This is the Christian idea of God and woman is thus called upon to do the of life." The ,same mistaken argu- work of three or four. As a result ment is popular in America among health and efficiency-and at times atheists.

spiritual life-suffer. 7. Similarly, the mistaken idea that 3. Inherited religious faiths and Christians, to be fair minded and to customs, imbedded in men's minds and gain a hearing, must praise all that is controling their lives, offer an almost good in non-Christian religions has insurmountable barrier to an accept- proved a reactionary influence. There ance of the Gospel of Christ. This is are truths and beauties in other re- seen particularly in Islam, Hinduism, ligions but they are not vital nor are Buddhism and other ethnic religions. they excluded from Christianity. Hin- Ignorance, superstition and prejudice dus and other non-Christians, hearing make the ground hard and unfruitful. their religions praised, are sometimes Family tradition and pride forbid a surprised to find in them excellences change of faith. that they had not suspected and are 4. Closely linked to this difficulty is wont to say: "Since our religion is the fanatical, and often wholly selfish, so good and true, why change." Thi,s 281

was one great mistake of the Chicago liefs and practices prevail? The fact Parliament of Religions and it has that in spite of these opposing forces been repeated in many volumes writ- men and women are being won to ten by Christian writers since that Christ and that lives are being transday. formed at the rate of 200,000 a year in these mission lands is a sure evi- 8. The growing unbelief and ration- dence of the power of God working in alism in the Church at home has also and through the missionaries. God is a widespread and detrimental influence honoring His Word where it is faithin the non-Christian lands. There, fully practiced; where Christ is truly educated leaders declare that Chris- lifted up He is drawing men to Himtians are themselves giving up their self. faith in Christ and the Bible-so why accept what others are rejecting. But the need of men for the life Non-Christian rationalism is also re- that Christ offers and the difficulties flected, if not always propagated, by that face His messengers form an insome of the young men and young centive and a call to the Church at women sent out to teach in mis.sion home to constant prayer in behalf of schools and colleges. A Christian these faithful workers at the front. In faith that is not vital, strong and face of these difficulties should we send positive is powerless-it is even anti- out any but the best? Only those di- Christian. vinely called, fully consecrated and spiritually equipped are ambassadors 9. One of tne most difficult influ- worthy to represent the Son of God in ences to combat abroad is that of these most difficult fields today. Asiatic students returning from America and Europe with reports that The Rattle Against Christ Christianity has failed to produce observance of law,' chastity, brotherly The whole contest against Christ love and other virtues in the lands and His way of life is not only being from which the missionaries come. carried on in foreign, non-Christian The contacts and {)bservations of these lands, and in Russia. Today in Amerstudents have often been unfortunate ica there are too many college and and have given them warped views. university profes-sors, and many They may have expected too much. papers and magazines that are spread- ing atheism and unbelief. Univer- 10. But the most devoted and Christ- sities that would not countenance false like missionaries of whom this ques- teachings and harmful speculations on tion was asked, did not hesitate to science, do not hesitate to give free say: "The greatest obstacle to the reign to professors who scout the idea progress of Christianity in our field of a God who has revealed Himself to is our own lack of spiritual power. man and of a code of morals that har- Many confessed to a failure to live monizes with the character and laws up to their own ideals, to a neglect of of a wise and holy God. Some editors prayer and Bible study, and to absorp- of periodicals and managers of pubtion in secondary pursuits. They lishing houses seem to think that their longed for more evidence of Christ in whole responsibility ts to produce their own lives and for complete c{)n- articles and stories and books that will trol by the Spirit of God. sell, regardless of their truth, whole- some or degenerating influence. One In Spite of Hindrances well known, and formerly highly hon- ored magazine, recently advertised an In face of these and other diffi- article by an atheist to prove that culties, including the natural hardness Christ and His atonement for sin is of the human heart and the human an incredible myth and that the Christendency to follow the down hill road tian God is non-existent. Another in the way of foolishness and sin, is it to be wondered at that progress is slow in lands where anti-Christian be-

TOPICS 01<' 'l'HE TIMES

magazine of equal reputation pub- the necessary absence of Dr. Arthur lished an article on "The Disappear- J. Brown, who acted as secretary of ance of God." Still other popular the Board and editor of THE REVIEW periodicals have printed papers on most acceptably for the year 1930.

such subjects as "Stoicism, a Substi- Sympathy was extended to Professor tute for God:' the "Failure of Chris- H. P. Beach and Fleming H. Revell, tian Missions," and similar topics members of the Board since its organ- aiming to de·stroy faith in Christ and ization, and detained on account of ill- His teachings as set forth in the Bible. ness. During the year one of the most Not content with thi·s, publishers generous and devoted friends of THE even print stories and essays against REVIEW, Mrs. John S. Kennedy, has a high standard of ethics and morals. entered into the Life Beyond; as have Many evils follow because leaders of also two other warm friends and suppublic opinion, who provide reading ports, Mrs. W. H. Woolverton and for our young people and for all Miss Emily H. Wheeler. classes, undertake to undermine the On account of the economic situabasis of morality and belief in God. tion we cannot report a large increase In non-Christian lands we deplore the in the number of subscribers, but ignorance and low or perverted stand- we give thanks that the financial deficit ards of life. Are we not too com- was made up through gifts received placent in o.ur attitude toward false from fourteen mission boards, and and harmful teaching in the schools from twenty-four individual givers. and colleges to which we send our Fifteen Boards and societies also children, toward the theatricals and helped materially by sending subscripmovies which we permit them to see tions to their missionaries. The one and toward the books and periodicals hundred and eighty authors of articles, which they are reading? How can we the Board of Directors, members of expect to raise up a new generation the Editorial Council, THE REVIEW of Christians who will purify and staff, the Foreign Missions Conferstrengthen church and state and busi- ence, the Federation of Women's ness, and who will be living witnesses Boards, the Home Missions Council, to Christ and His Gospel, if we are and the Council of Women for Home not determined to fight against what Missions have cooperated to make the is false and evil and fail to surround work effective. The Foreign Mi·ssion them with influences that will develop Conference appointed the following as Christ-like faith, character and life? members of the Editorial Council for the present year: Dr. William Ban- The World and the Review crdt Hill, Mrs. F. I. Johnson, Rev. Henry Smith Leiper, Mr. William B. The annual meeting of the Mis·sion- Lipphard, Dr. William P. Schell, and ary Review Publishing Company, was Dr. Mills J. Taylor. held in the Assembly Room, 156 Fifth Avenue, on Friday, February 27th, at The Home Missions Council ap- 3: 30 p. m. Dr. Robert E. Speer, pointed the following: Dr. William presiding. The meeting was opened R. King, Dr. John McDowell, Dr. with prayer by Dr. C. Luther Fry. Charles H. Sears, and the Rev. Jay S. Stowell. There were about one hundred and The company also publishes the fifty friends present including stock- Moslem World, but without assuming holders representing 69 votes and 191 financial responsibility for it. This proxies, making a quorum for the quarterly reports 20% increase in Bub- transaction of business. scribers. THE REVIEW received 1,492 The Minutes of the Annual Meeting new subscribers during the year; an for 1930 were approved as mailed to average of over four a day; about 70% stockholders. of our subscribers renew each year.

The secretary expressed regret at These are unfortunately not enough

to offset the losses which were, almost The Nominating Committee re- without exception, due to financial ported nominations for directors for difficulties. the coming year and the following were unanimously elected: Professor The editor of THE REVIEW had the Harlan P. Beach, Dr.. Samuel McCrea privilege of a world tour of missions Cavert, Dr. William 1. Chamberlain, last year and this year the Editor of Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, Dr. P. H. Lerrigo, the Best Methods Department, Mrs. Mr. Walter McDougall, Dr. Eric M. F. I. Johnson, is on a similar tour. North, Mr. Fleming H. Revell, Dr. Both of these journeys were independ- Robert E. Speer, and Mr. Delavan L. ently financed. Pierson and Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer. It was with ,sincere regret that the THE REVIEW is steadfast to the pur- declination of Dr. William Bancroft pose for which it was inaugurated- Hill was received. namely to present the world-wide need for the Gospel and the world- Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, editor of wide work of the Church of Christ The Moslem World, spoke of the inin all lands as carried on by all evan- debtedness of the quarterly to the gelical workers. We maintain ab- company for publishing the magazine solute loyalty to Christ and the New for the past fourteen years; and he Testament standards of faith and then gave an address on some of the practice. This is the only missionary present facts relating to Christian interdenominational review published work in Moslem lands. in America representing evangelical work in all lands. We believe that Dr. Speer, the president, delivered there is as real a need and as large his annual address calling attention to a place for THE REVIEW as ever. In- the need for clear, unequivocal and cluding all expenses it costs on the courageous ·stand for the New Testaaverage about four dollars a subscrip- ment Christian ideals and message to tion to publish the magazine and sub- be proclaimed in all lands, even though scribers pay less than half the ex- this may mean persecution, suffering pense. Consequently it is necessary and death to the messenger. to make up the difference by gifts from those who believe in this educa- The editor also made a brief adtional and missionary work. The dress, giving stereopticon views of hi.s Board of Directors hope that large recent world tour. The meeting closed hearted friends will count it a privi- with prayer by the president. lege to make up this financial deficit and to enable us to increase the use- ~ourage. btotber! bo not fulness of the REVIEW. Suggestions are invited from friends of THE RE- ~tumble VIEW as to improvements in the magazine and ways of enlarging its circle mbougb tbp patb be bark of readers. a~ nigbt The treasurer, Mr. Walter Mc- mbere's a ~tar to guibe tbt Dougall, presented the annual report bumblt which showed total receipts of $27,- 300.02 and expenditures amounting to "~ru~t in ~ob. anb bo tbt $27,335.84, leaving a small deficit. rigbt." The net current assets on December 31st amounted to $30,565.47 and fixed m:bouglJ tbt roab be long anb assets, $2,142.49. brtarp The audit committee, Dr. Eric M. ~nb it~ tnbing out of ~igbt North, chairman, reported that the ..11oot it brabtlp-~trong or books of the company have been audited for the years 1929 and 1930, wearp and were found correct. On motion, Hmru~t in ~ob. anti bo tbe these reports were accepted for filing. rigbt."

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

AROUND THE WORLD WITH God will send her a good husband, for CUPID the great event of her life is her mar- (A demonstration for college groups) riage. By MRS. H. M. LE SOURD When the husband at last appears, there is feasting and music for a This little demonstration was de- week. He comes in the garb of an signed to set forth some marriage cus- ascetic with a wreath of white flowers toms in several mission lands. The around his neck. He has passed the bridal costumes of these countries day in worship and prayer for the de- may be obtained at a small rental fee parted spirits of his ancestors begging from most Board headquarter.s. How- twin blessings on himself and the girl ever, you will not find it difficult to he is about to marry. The bride too, make your .own. has passed the day in fasting and Music appropriate to the country prayer. Face to face the young couple represented should be played as each sit, their clothes tied together, his bride enters and takes her place. hand placed on hers. The reverend As a background for the demonstra- priest, bronze statue in orange robes, tion plain velvet portiers will give the lifts the garland and slips it over both best eifect, although more elaborate heads, and the ceremony is ended.

decorations may be used. The bride goes to her husband's You will find only two rehearsals home, but she is not alone, she is part necessary. The charm of this little of the great composite family of per- play is its simplicity not only in prep- haps over a hundred being·s. Every- aration but execution. You will find one watches her.

it easy to stage either in a church or When she and the bridegroom at home. last find themselves alone together, it INDIA is not the meeting of two lovers in (Given by a good reader, after the ardent embrace and kisses. All is bride has appeared) prayer. They must lie side by side for two nights in divine communion. Perhaps the most inhuman wrong practiced on the women of India is It would be impossible to exaggerate child marriage. Every Hindu girl is the evils of child-marriage. Physicala wife or widow at 14 and in many ly, it leads to torture, deformity, conparts of India, much younger. Girls stitutional ill-health and even to death have actually been married before by violence. It is pitiable for the child they were a year old, and when from wife to be obliged to submit herself 4 to 6 years of age, they very common- to the temper and often tyranny of ly cease to be single. her husband, but when the despotism and cruelty of several elderly women They are frequently married to is added to this, her lot may better be child husbands, but there are hundreds imagined than described. of cases where the husband is a man of forty, fifty or even sixty, and the PHILIPPINE ISLANDS child wife may be his fourth or fifth.

In the prayers that the Hindu girl The manner of wooing is rather pe- lifts with her mother, they both pray culiar. The man who wishes to pay 285

his addresses to a woman gets the combat in which he is always victori- consent of her mother and father. He ous, he enters. The other guests fol- is received by the entire family, when low and each one is presented with a he calls but is never allowed, in any cup or cigar by the family of the bride.

way, to show her any special favor or No one must be omitted or the mar- attention. He must devote himself to riage will be unlucky. The dowry is the family. If he wishes to take her paid to the mother.

to the theatre or concert he must take The bridegroom is then seated on the entire family. The proposal must a pile of mattresses and cushions in come from the man's parents and then company with his friends. Dancing the Captain of the Ship of the Mar- is going on in the center. The bride riage Broker sets a day on which the is in a private room making her toilet.

suitor may procure a number of tooth Before all the guests, the groom picks each one representing a dollar dons first a pair of gauze trousers for the purpose of buying a wife. The several sizes too large. Then a skirt modern stock market scene follows. that is far too small, made of rich The broker tries to beat the price up silk. Two long ribbons of gold and and the bridegroom wants it low. A silver cross over his breast and tie in fight follows, but the groom always the back. wins out. For a week or more before the marriage the bride elect is car- The bridegroom is squatted on the ried about iri a sort of wicker bamboo floor and a saucer of live coals is set hammock, borne on the shoulders of before him. The priest places five two young men and she goes about large rings upon the right hand of paying visits to her intimate friends. the bridegroom and recites a l.ong She is not allowed to put her foot to rigmarole. A Philippine pendita the ground or do any manual labor. begins to sing louder and louder which is a signal for six bridesmaids to en- The trousseau of a rich Philippine ter and seat themselves among the girl consists of dozens and dozens of cushions. They have false finger nails rich dresses. No other article is of of silver two inches long. Their faces interest. Marriage is not a question of affection, seemingly. The only are painted with rice paste and their thing necessary is money enough to eyebrows are artificially broadened pay the priest. Very often all rites and their front hair banged. The are set aside. The man chooses his bride then enters and turns her back on the groom as the latter makes a companion, the two live together and pilgrimage to her side. After being probably rear a large family. repulsed, he gazes disconsolately at The marriage ceremony is quite a her back. The crowd extends its sym- complicated affair. At the proper pathy and urges the bride to relent.

time, the suitor goes to a place pre- Finally after many entreaties, she viously decided upon, and sends a mes- turns and faces the bridegroom and senger to the bride's house to ask, the ceremony is ended.

"Can the ship come to anchor 1" The A dance follows, and no one may future bride sends a messenger to refuse to dance. After the dancing, reply in the affirmative. A second comes a feast furnished by the bride. message from the groom says, "We Dancing and feasting alternate until have anchored." The bride's family the food supply is exhausted. While then send the toothpicks, each of the guests are eating, the second time, which represents a dollar in value, and the door is opened, and the bride and the suitor thus learns how much dow- groom appear. They eat alone, to the ry is demanded for the bride. accompaniment of music, and then When necessary preparations are dance together. This completes the concluded, the groom goes to the home ceremony, but the festivities usually of the bride's parents. After a mock last until the following morning.

19311 METHODS FOR WORKERS

AFRICA slaves, losing our individuality, and almost our identity. (Given by the bride hcr::;clf) CHINA I am Naga, a bride from Africa and I come to tell you of the marriage (Given by a good reader) customs of my land. Weddings in China are celebrated When I was but twelve years of with a great deal of formality and age, a man from the next town came expense. Betrothals are generally conto my father asking to marry me. tracted at a very early age. Initiative is almost always made by a woman He was willing to pay a sheet of called a "go-between." She is acbrass for me. quainted with all the families of the neighborhood. She suggests to par- After bargaining one way and the ents a desirable match for their son. other, my father decided to accept the She forms the medium for carrying sheet of brass, but he must also have on communication between the two two tusks of ivory in payment. families, as it is regarded as improper and indelicate for parents of either Sometimes in my country the bride- family to see the other or for parents groom pays for his bride in goats, or to arrange marriage without the "godogs or dog collars, exchange of wom- between." en, the father securing a new wife for himself at the same time that he Idea of courtship, love-letters, etc., gives his daughter in marriage. are quite shocking to right-minded Chinese persons. While the' bridegroom and my father were bargaining, I brought them Betrothal is consummated by exthings to eat, which my mother had change of presents and the making prepared. I then saw how old and over to the parents of the groom a ugly the man who was to be my hus- formal document. The relation of band was, and I cried out that I hated husband and wife is thus constituted him, and stamped my feet; but every- and the engagement i·s regarded as one except my mother laughed at me, sacred and binding as if the marriage for it was. quite the custom for the had been performed.

husband of a young girl to be old and Chinese women sometimes live as widows for life because their husbands ugly. We grow accustomed to it after died when very young boys. These a while. widows who have never been married spend their lives with the parents of The bartering is then completed and deceased husbands and devote them- I am the property of my husband. selves to caring for them.

All the next day there is feasting Previous to the wedding day, the and dancing in my father's village bride has her eyebrows pulled out so and at sundown, I am taken in a cara- that she is ever afterward recognized van of my husband's people to his as a married woman. town, only my mother and a few of my friends accompanying me. O~ the m.orning of her wedding day, she IS carfled to the home of her fu- When we arrive at my husband's ture husband in a beautiful and highly village, I am encircled by women of ornamental bridal chair. Red is the his household, who dance around me color of bridal chamber and costume. singing songs of ridicule and scorn. They worship together the spirit tab- My mother responds to them with an- lets of the ancestors of the brideother song, which is a plea that they groom. Parties first see each other's care for me and provide enough food faces when seated by the bridal bed. for my body. Then, weeping my moth- The bride's veil is removed and the er and I part and she goes back to my two parties drink wine from the same father's people, while I am left among strangers as the unhappy slave of my husband. For we brides of Africa are seldom happy and are sold from one husband to another until we are mere

cup. Then they receive congratula- timating each other's personal appeartions and the groom and guests feast, ance and character. but the bride does not eat at the wedding feast. As filial duty is a prominent element in Confucian morality, it is very sel- NOTE: IIu ve four coolies em'ry briUe in on dom that children object to their pararm chair supported by two poles, Bride car· ents' choice. Under the influence of ries umbrella over which is thrown a bright Western customs the young people, in red c10th which completely hides her face. Sbe recent years, have raised objections lifts this as she steps out and starts to speak. and the marriage broker has to begin all over again until he finds a suitable JAPAN mate.

(Given by a good reader) After the first meeting the bride- groom sends gifts of clothes and food Japanese women seldom have ca- to the lady, and if these are accepted reers, for they are always expected to they are considered engaged. A lucky marry. One rarely meets a spinster day is chosen before which time the over twenty in Japan, for they are bridegroom makes a formal visit to considered a discredit to their family the bride's home and meets all the and are kept in close seclusion. It was family. On the wedding day the bride a custom for the married women to is dressed entirely in white, the blacken their teeth when they went mourning garb of the country, and is upon the street, but the spinsters also carried to the home of the bridegroom, often did this rather than admit they where she changes her dress to a more were single, ana so the custom dropped festive one. As the feast is in proginto disuse. The marriage tie is a ress, the bride and groom and two loose one and can be dissolved without servants withdraw to another room legal procedure. Divorce can be ob- and pledge each other three times with tained for disobedience to the husband three cups of wine, exchange rings, or the husband's relatives, for talka- and join hands, which makes them tiveness or jealousy. The mother-in- man and wife. They then change law usually has absolute dominion clothes and return to the feast to reover the daughter-in-law. In the lower ceive congratulations. Again leaving classes, a wife may be divorced if she the feast, they return to the private cannot keep her husband's business room and go through pledging again. accounts. Religion plays no part in it, and it all takes place at night, with no press Personal attraction or preference announcement and no honeymoon. At plays no part in the Japanese mar- the end of the feast the guests leave. riage. It is entirely a matter of busi- The names of the couple are entered nes-s, the affair and the terms made at the Registry Office and the marby a marriage broker or middleman. riage ceremony is completed. If the daughter has no brothers the bridegroom must take the bride's fam- MOSLEM ily name in order to have a succession. As it is hard to persuade a man to (Given by a good reader) do this the marriage broker has to use special diplomacy in arranging From the standpoint of humanity such a marriage. and civilization the most glaring evil of Islam, next to the exultation of war, Women of Japan enjoy more free- is the practice of child marriage. Mardom than in other Oriental countries. riage among children is common, as The marriage age is fifteen for girls is also the marriage of little girls to and seventeen for men. Each must older and old men. It is written in the have the consent of both families. Koran, that he whose daughter reaches twelve years of age and has not been A betrothal feast is held, shared by giVen in marriage and falls into sin, all the members of both families and the young couple for the first time in their lives have an opportunity of eS-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

he is responsible for that sin. The be at home or in the church. There saddest case·s Christian physicians is absolutely only one variation. It have to treat are those of little girls makes no difference whether the girl who ought to be enjoying games and is young or old, maid or widow, rich school life, seriously injured, if not or poor, exquisitely beautiful or hidmaimed for life, as a result of this eously ugly, the only thing that varies horrible practice. is the trousseau of clothes which is given by the man to his bride, and the Young or old, the wife is an inferi- quality of this depends on his means. or, a plaything, or a slave. A father can dispose as he pleases of the hand A Moslem woman i·s the property of his daughter without asking her of her husband. She exists to give consent, whatever her age may be. him pleasure and bear his children. Men marry at sixteen, and girls from If she fails in this because of ill nine to twelve years of age. So a girl health, he may cast her aside, neglect of eleven has often been married and her, leave her to die, divorce her, or divorced several times. A Mohamme- at best allow her to lead a colorless dan marriage is a contract, rather existence in the household presided than a sacrament. A man makes his over by another wife. If, after marchoice of a female and then the law riage, she is' disobedient, she is given allows him to see her first, if he solitary confinement. Repeated acts wishes, but the majority never take of disobedience call for corporal punthat much trouble. Accompanied by ishment, which the husband is allowed friends, he goes to the house of an to inflict. The Mohammedan is alagent and there settles the amount of lowed four wives, but must treat them the dowry, which is paid to the girl's with strict impartiality. mother. The Moslem law appoints no specific religious sacrament to be ob- AMERICA served on the occasion of marriage. Mutual consent in the presence of wit- (Given by a good reader) nesses is sufficient to make marriage valid. It is hardly necessary for me to go into detail regarding American cus- On the day appointed for the mar- toms of marriage for the audience no riage, the bridegroom, accompanied by doubt is composed of has-beens, and some friends, goes to the place agreed would-be-brides-to-be. In every womupon. Two trustworthy witnesses an's heart there is the desire to somemust be present. All persons then re- time marry. American women have cite the first chapter of the Koran, careers and marry later in life, or they and the bridegroom then delivers the may marry and then have careers. dowry. The bridegroom and the agent The girl may have many suitors and of the bride sit upon the ground face she is priviledged to make her choice. to face and grasp each other's right It is best, however, for her to have hand, raising the thumbs and press- the consent of her parents, though no ing them against each other. Having hardship is brought to bear if she passed a handkerchief over their marries without. hands, the guardian says, "I marry to thee my daughter, for a dowry of such The marriage ceremony is regarded and such an amount." The bridegroom as most sacred and binding upon both then says, "I accept from thee her parties. The only part not regarded marriage with myself and take her so is the throwing of rice, old shoes, under my care and engage myself to hats, cane,s and the like, and this part afford her protection, and ye who are is rapidly falling into disuse. The present bear witness to this." ceremony is always performed by a minister, priest, or justice of the There is no discussion among Mo- peace. Sometimes the wedding may hammedans whether the wedding will be quite an elaborate affair. Parties, dinners, and showers being given a 4

month or two preceding the wedding yellow, with tissue paper, or bunting, day by friends of the bride as well as and two members of the group be sethe family. Hundreds of guests may lected to have charge of this, just inbe invited to witness the ceremony, or side the door, and to place carefully it may be a simple wedding with the in it all the eggs that are brought to bride, bridegroom, and two witnesses the party. The disposal of the eggs, completing the party. after the party, may be left to the leader, but the children should be in- The two are priviledged to establish formed of their destination and should a home if they so desire and the girl it be possible that one or two (or as may be the master of her own house- a group), could take part in the delivhold. ery of the eggs, that would add to the interest. Freedom is the outstanding feature in American ideals and customs and The singing of Easter songs and the American girl has the freedom of the playing of one or two games in marrying or not marrying: freedom which the tiny egg-shaped candies of choice, freedom of ceremony and could be used or a chocolate egg or freedom of establishing a home. bunny given as a prize to the winner, would help make it a real party. Or- NOT": You may want to change the above. dinary white beans may take the place Have this bride In a real wedding dre.s, a bou- of little eggs and when hidden in variquet may be obtained for the occasion from " ous places about the room make good photographer, material for an Easter-egg hunt, in which all the children present may A HOME MISSIONARY EASTER join. The prize might go, as a con- solation, to the child finding the least. EGG PARTY After the singing of some such A party would not be a real party hymn as "Jesus Christ Is Risen Towithout something to eat, but this day" the following prayer could be retime most of the things to eat will not peated in unison, (the leader having be used at the party but be carried to printed it on a blackboard or large someone shut in, or to someone who is sheet of paper where all may read) : not able to have many parties or good things to eat at any time. On slips of Dear Jesus, who died on the cross for colored paper, cut in the shape of an our sins, egg, if desired, the following invitation might be printed or written and And who now dwells in heaven sent to other children in the church above, or community who would be interested in coming to the party: Please bless our small efforts to bring Easter joy To a little Easter party that we're giv- ing (day of week) next To sad hearts, and to thus show Thy love.-Amen. We'd like to have you come at three, and hope you'll not be vexed NEGRO MEETING If we ask that you will bring an egg I asked the pastor of a negro Bap- or two, or three, or more- ti~t Church to send us his choir to sing spirituals at an evening meeting. To place within the basket that you'll The cooperation was splendid and find inside the door. ended by their supplying the whole program. A cultured young colored And then on Easter morning, with stenographer gave a splendid paper some other girl or boy, on, "The Literature of the Negroes." Another girl recited, and the choir Who is sick or sad or lonely, we may sang. They had refreshments with share our Easter joy. us. Two at least of our "Missionary Women" refused to come, but the re- (The time, "three" mentioned above, can of course be changed to any hour desired.) The leader should have in readiness a large basket decorated in mauve and

suIt was an increase in racial under- is a dramatization, personalization or Ht.anding. program thought out and prepared by the Juniors themselves. This is a real Later, however, when I tried to demonstration of the spirit of the bring a colored woman, a graduate of children and will bring the parents to Yale Music School, wife of a gradu- a realization of the value of the mis- ate of Ohio University, and a Y. M. sionary spirit as nothing else will. C. A. worker, as a guest singer, I was not permitted to do so as the pastor's Public programs by the children's wife said we had to "be careful." organization should be carried out at least once or twice a year and all SIMPLE RECREATIONAL METHOD parents, including fathers and grand- fathers, should be invited. Write names, stations, and countries, of half as many missionaries of It is not possible, however, to reach your own Board as you have women the uninterested parents who do not in your meeting. send their children to the missionary organization meetings through their Separate names from stations and programs. They must be reached countries, pass out names and corres- through the Sunday-school, or some ponding stations and countries. adult organization which they attend. Put boys and girls on the programs of Let the women who have the names your adult societies and have missionfind the stations and reseat name and ary demonstrations in the Sundaystation together, the leader carefully school as frequently as possible. A adjusting any misfits. simple recitation or song by a child may interest all or many members of It breaks up formality, brings wom- a household. A very simple exercise en together who should know each for a Sunday-school, or adult organizaother better, fixes names and stations tion meeting, may be "The Stairway in mind. to Success." Have any number of chil- dren, each of a different size, from the A MEN'S MEETING smallest child possible reaching up to the adult standing in a row on the We asked the men of our Society to platform to form a stairway. take full charge of an evening meeting, not a woman's voice was to be The adult may be the Sunday-school heard! superintendent or the president of an adult organization. Without words The husband of the President was this exercise illustrates the thought in the chair and the husband of every of the success of the adult activity other officer took her duties. depending upon the training of the children. A picture of such a stair- They chose "Missions and Peace" way may convey the lesson in the form for their subject. A professor led the of a poster under which are the words devotionals; a lawyer, popular as a speaker, gave the main address; a WATCH YOUR STEP man was at the piano; a bass sang a solo. or A large offering was demanded and new members were insisted upon. The men entered into the spirit of the thing and many considered the meeting one of the finest ever offered.

REACHING THE PARENT KEEP THE CHILDREN THROUGH THE CHILD We live in deeds, not words; Perhaps the best way to reach a In thoughts, not breaths; parent's heart is through programs in In feelings, not in figures on the dial. which his child takes part. All of the Life counts time by heart throbs Boards are publishing splendid pro- He lives most who thinks most, grams for boys and girls. Best of all Feels the noblest, acts the best.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York, and FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Exe.cutive SecretaTies of the Council of Women for Home Missions and Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS Mrs. L. R. Rounds, Mrs. Lewis L. Anewalt. Secretary-Mrs. John C. Shover. Treasurer- Mrs. Frank Gaylord Cook. Assistant Treasurer- Mrs. Philip M. Rossman. Executive, Secretary-Miss Florence G. Tyler.

MRS. HOWARD MISS FLORENCE Committees and Chairmen "VAYNE SlfI'fTl O. tl'YLER Administrative-Mrs. Howard Wayne President Executive Becretat'V Smith.

Officers By-Laws-Mrs. Clayton D. Eulette. Foreign Students-Mrs. Leslie E. President – Mrs. Howard Wayne Smith. Swain. Home Base-Miss Amelia D. Kemp. Honorary Vice-President-Mrs. Henry Industrial-Miss Lucy Kent. W. Peabody. International Relations-Mrs. E. H.

First Vice-Preside.nt-Miss Margaret Silverthorn. E. Hodge. Missionary Prepal·ation-Mrs. Agnes Vice-Presidents-Mrs. DeWitt Knox, C. L. Donohugh. Mrs. William Edgar Geil, Miss'ions and Governments~Mrs. Wil- Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, Mrs. F. 1. Johnson, liam L. Darby. Mrs. H. A. Lavell, St1lde.nt Work-Miss Jean Dayton. Mrs. James C. Colgate, Nominating-Miss Carrie M. Kersch- Mrs. D. J. Fleming, Mrs. William L. Darby, ner. Mrs. Ernest A. Evans, Interdenominational Institutions on the Foreign Field-Miss Margaret E. Hodge. ConfeTences a,nd Schools of Mission.s -Miss Carrie M. Kerschner. World Day of Prayer-Mrs. S. S. Hough.

COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS Officers Thil'd Vice-President~Mrs. Fred S. Bennett. President-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. Honora1'Y PTesident-Mrs. George W. Recording SecretaTy-Miss Julia Flor- ance. Coleman (President, 1908-1915). First Vice-P1·esident-Mrs. Philip M. Treasureri—Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz.

Rossman. Executive Officers Second Vice-P1·esident-Mrs. Millard Executive SecretaTy-Miss Florence L. Robinson. E. Quinlan (until April 1).

292 MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD HRs. PHILIP M. ROSS{AN ~rRS. M. L. ROnTNSO~ MRS. FRED S. BENNE'l'T Prc8idc11 t Fir8t Vice-Pre8ident Second rice-Prcside1J t 'l'htra Yice-President Director, Ind'ian Work-Miss Helen JOINT STANDING M. Brickman. With Federation of Woman's Boards Sec1'etary for Migrant Work-Miss of Foreign Missions Edith E. Lowry. World Day of Prayer-Mrs. S. S. Western S1tpervisor, Migrant Work- Hough. Miss Adela J. BalTard, 228 McAllis- ter Street, San Francisco, Califor- W'ith MissionU11} Education Movement nia. Joint Committee on Home Mission Assistant Treasnrer-Miss G. Evelyn Lite1'Uture>–Miss E. Jessie Ogg. Morse. With Federation and Movement Conlmittees and Cl1airlllen Conferences and Schools of Missions- STANDING Miss Carrie IVr. Kerschner. Leadership Training-Mrs. Orrin R. .4dministrative-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. ChautauqurIr-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. Judd . Finance-Miss Ruth B. Rule. International Relations-Miss Elinor With Home Missions Council K. Purves. Joint Administrative-Mrs. Orrin R. Legislative MatteI's – Mrs. Samuel Judd.

Semple. AlaskrIr-Dr. Edward D. Kohlstedt. Migrant Work – Mrs. Kenneth D. City and New Americans-Dr. Charles Miller. H. Sears. Student Work-Miss Muriel Day. Indian Work-Dr. Frank A. Smith. Study Courses~Miss May Huston. SPECIAL Annual Meeting – Miss Amelia D.

Kemp. – Eva Clark Waid Metnorial Fund for Woyld Peace- Mrs. F. W. Wilcox.

Nominating~Mrs. J. J. Pearsall.

Office Administmtion- Mrs. F. W. Wilcox.

Study of Litemtnre-Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz.

S-u,1'vey a:nd Pol.icy-Mrs. Fred S. Ben- nett.

Mas. EDWIN W. LENTZ ~Ba(hTa(h) 'rhe }]el,L ln~H, Hf1:vn:w htld flichH'I'~ of "'Irs. COlelllUll. )[i~8 QuiulalL lind :':Jix~ Bl'i(~klllan; 7'rea8U1"f~r MISS JULIA FLORANCE October, 192U, pictlwes of :Jliss Lmvry und Miss Ballard; ::Ha;YI 1930 , group pictllres in which ReoortJing Seoretwrll Miss Morse and Miss Kaiser appear.

JOINT SPECIAL The Origin of Good Will Day With Federation and National Council In the little neutral country of Hol- of Federated Church Women land, in a great hall in the Queen's palace, the delegates sat for three Relationships-Mrs. Fred S. Bennett. months in secret session, wrestling futilely with the problem of arma- With Home Missions Council and ments, but making great progress in Federal Council planning for mediation and arbitra- tion. Finally, the German delegates Comity and Five-Year Program of balked and disaster seemed imminent. Survey and Adjustment-Dr. Her- But our great ambassador, Andrew D. White, sent an envoy to Berlin showmann N. Morse. ing documents to the skeptical Hohen- lohe and Von Bulow proving that Other Personnel America cared tremendously. Thirty- one Baptist clergymen in Oregon had Office Secretary – Miss Virginia cabled a petitior.; a bishop in Texas Kaiser. had written a prayer offered every Sunday by thousands for the success Directors of Religious Edncation of the Conference. These and similar demonstrations had weight. The Kaiser Government Indian Schoob removed the objections and the work went on. Half a dozen men of hope Albuquerque and Santa Fe, New Mex- and courage saved the day. ico—-Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Ross. The Hague Tribunal of Internation- Flandreau, South Dakota and Pipe- al Arbitration was established; a stone, Minnesotar-Mr. Isaac Grey- panel of judges of four from each earth. country was chosen and the legal ma- chinery set up whereby mediation by Genoa, Nebraskar-Rev. J. M. Hinds. neutrals could be urged when war Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kansas- threatened, and arbitration be carried out. In six years, as a result of this Rev. A. A. Van Sickle. beginning in international cooperation, Sherman Institute, Riverside, Califor- looking toward world organization, one portentous war had been prevented, nia!—–Rev. Floyd O. Burnett, Miss another great war ended and the Veva Wight. United States had carried the first Theodore Roosevelt School, For t case to the Tribunal and others fol- Apache, A r i Z 0 n a—Miss Pearl lowed. This body of jurists now nomi- Fletcher. nates the judges of the World Court. ORGANIZE THE WORLD A second Conference was held in By MRS. LUCIA AMES MEAD 1907 with 44 member nations. Had the proposals then of Secretary Elihu Reprinted by permission from June, 1930, Root been accepted by all and lived up Facts and Factors} published by the Massa· to, the World War could have been prechusetts Federation of Churches and Council vented; 30,000,000 would not have of Religious Education. suffered death, or wounds, or starva- tion and we would not have lost Fifty- In August, 1898, 26 nations having One Thousand Million Dollars in a ambassadors at St. Petersburg re- war that did not end war or make the ceived from the Tsar's minister a world safe for democracy. The lesson startling rescript inviting them to of May 18th is that Good Will must be meet and consider the limitation of organized. Organize the World! armaments. Most of these nations were skeptical, but strong men in many nations recognized a great call and hope. William T. Stead, the noted British publicist, earnestly welcomed it, started a new organ, established a center in London sending out speakers for months all over England. He sent young Ramsay Macdonald over here to strengthen our interest in the coming conference to be opened on the Tsar's birthday, May 18, 1899.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

APPEAL OF WOMEN TO THE charge of national honor and the safe- guard of humanity. WORLD'S STATESMEN The International Council of Women, Geneva, September, 1930 Ishbel Aberdeen & Temair.

The undersigned organizations, rep- Women's International League for resenting more than forty millions of Peace and Freedom, Jane Addams. women working in various ways in fifty-six different countries of the The World's Young Women's Chrisworld to forward international under- tian Association, C. M. Van Asch standing and cooperation, feel im- Van Wyck. pelled to call attention to an increasing and ominous tendency of the The International Alliance of Women press, the general public and even for Suffrage and Equal Citizenship, governmental circles to discuss, or ad- M. 1. Corbett Ashby. mit in discussion, the possibility of another war; this in utter disregard The World Union of Women for Inof the sacred Pact formally renouncing ternational Concord, Clara Guthrie war, which has just been signed by D'Arcis. fifty-seven civilized nations. The International Federation of Uni- This constitutes a flagrant slur on versity Women, Winifred Cullis. the national honor of the signatories of the Briand-Kellogg Pact, a direct TOKYO JOSHI DAIGAKU menace to the youth of the world and to humanity in general. It cannot and (Woman'. Ohristian Oollege) must not be tolerated! By DR. A. K. REISCHAUER We stagger under an unprecedented burden of armaments in the midst of Executive Secretary of the College commercial depression and economic warfare. We have come to a critical Life on the campus is humming this moment of upheaval and unrest and year. The business depression, keenly we demand the energetic action of felt in Japan, has reduced the number every constructive force. of students from 496 to 465, but there is no feeling of depression in the col- We declare the work for peace to be lege atmosphere. The handsome new the most urgent task before the world Library and Administration Building today. We appeal, therefore, to every is rising in the center of the quadranright-thinking person and, in particu- gle and the pouring of concrete and lar, to women, who pay the first cost beating of hammers makes music in of human life, to realize their respon- our ears. This building, entirely paid sibility and power. We ask every for before completed, with the Library single individual to use his active in- section a gift from an independent fluence to combat the idea of a re- woman missionary of Japan through course to violence as the solution of the Methodist Board, is the first opany problem; to work by word and portunity afforded us to go beyond the deed for the eradication of the psy- purely practical and necessary, and chological causes of war-fear, igno- embody some of the beauty and idealrance and greed; and to promote by ism of education in architecture. every means the recognition of the oneness of humanity and the interde- The practical has not been lost sight pendence of nations. of for there is ample provision for the business staff on the first floor, and a We demand of our statesmen, elect- cafeteria and school supply store on ed by the people-if they value their the ground floor. Both of these are privilege of service-to increase their managed by the Alumnre Association efforts and henceforward to make the who wish to guide the diet of these whole-hearted 0 b s e r van c e of the young women along new and more Briand-Kellogg Pact the supreme wholesome lines, and add a steady in- come to their growing endowment fund. The spacious Library and read- ing rooms, the alcoves of bllOks on

special subject,s to which the students lege; two are Y. W. C. A. workers; will have access, and the well-equipped one an officer in the National W. C. stock rooms will provide one of the T. U., in the white slave traffic definest libraries in Japan. The attrac- partment; two are living in social tive lounge with its comfortable settlement houses in the ,slums of chairs, warm coloring, and decorative Tokyo managing a children's Chrispalms will give a sense of welcome to tian library and girls' clubs; while all who come on business; while up- the daughter of the popular General stairs two pleasantly furnished con- Yamamuro of the Salvation Army is ference rooms offer a homey atmos- principal of the Officers' Training phere in which human members of the School of this outstandinl!' Christian family may meet in friendly conver- organization. This spirit of sacrificial sation with any girl who has need of service ("Service and Sacrifice" is the sympathy or advice. school motto), is growing steadily in the student body as is evidenced by Written across the front of the the conducting of a Sunday school for building is the ideal of our college the children of the neighborhood and education,-"W HAT S 0 EVE R the entertaining of a working girls' THINGS ARE TRUE" :-from the club in this suburb, as well as by the peak of the center roof flames a torch, voluntary work of the girls in helping catching the rays of the sun by day to beautify the campus, and their large and of artificial light by night-this, contributions towards buying equipthe emblem of the school, embodying ment for future generations of stuthe hope that goes out with each dents to enjoy. graduate. Japan needs educated women, with the courage that goodness There are still two great needs in and self-respect give, to lead the na- the line of building before this Womtion through her womanhood to the an's Christian College is equipped to abundant life free to all. The produc- serve the best interests of this largest ing of Christian leadership in the body of college-grade women in a home, the classroom, the office, in the Christian institution in the Orient. political and social life of the people, Another dormitory unit in order that is the aim of this Woman's Christian at least 50% of the students may live College. on the campus and receive all the ben- efits of extra-curricular activities and To what extent has this hope been have more personal contact with the realized in the one decade past? Quite staff of Western teachers; and a sufficiently to give courage and renew building combining a chapel and audiefforts for the future. As would be torium for cultivating the spiritual expected in the Orient, the great ma- and !esthetic life of the ,students. The jority of the girls are married by desire is for a chapel small enough to their families soon after leaving col- house comfortably the definitely Chrislege. Of the relatively ·small remain- tian group on the campus amid surder, who are allowed temporarily to roundings beautiful and creative of go into some kind of work or are ex- the spirit of reverence and wor·ship, pected to earn a living, many are car- and under the same roof to have an rying the torch. In the college itself auditorium where the entire student there are thirteen in positions of re- body, their families and the surroundsponsibility on the faculty, among the ing community, may come regularly administrative staff, in charge of the for religious services and various Alumnre Association 8tore and cafe- gatherings that enrich and ennoble teria, and as housemothers in the dor- life. Who can fail to imagine the hold mitories. Each year several are ·such a place would have on the lives engaged to teach in missionary sec- of those attending? May Christian ondary schools for girls. At present women catch the vision of such an three are studying in the States in influence in moulding the character of Ann Arbor. Well~sley and Wilson Col-

this large and eager group of their 3. You will not profiteer. You will younger sisters in Japan, and having not raise the prices of native caught the vision, make it a reality! goods because the people are now showing a greater interest in THE CAPA SCHOOL them.

The Capa School of Stamboul is not 4. You will strive to learn how to buy only interested in preparing girls for your goods as cheaply as possible the teaching profession, but in pre- so that, in turn, you may sell paring women for various practical them as reasonably as you can. professions. At the present time 150 students are taking the normal course The duties of Turkish factory owners: in home economics. Five specialists from Belgium and France are direct- 1. Great success is made by large ing the school. The first two classes stocks, so you must try to save are devoted to general secondary edu- and collect money to increase cation. During the last three, speeial- your stocks. ty is given in various subjects. Cooking, millinery, dressmaking, and other 2. You must try in every way to insubjects a domestic science course will crease the number of articles provide. which can be manufactured in Turkey and to improve the This year. the school has enlarged quality of all manufactured goods, its work to include night classes for so that Turkish-made articles may working women. The practical side of soon be the equal of all importadomestic science is given. These tions. courses are designed not so much to produce specialists or teachers as to FOR OFFICERS AND STAFFS prepare women to be better housewives. Give me, 0 Lord, that quietness of heart that makes the most of labor and DUTIES OF A TURKISH CITIZEN rest. Save me from passionate excite- AND A TURKISH MERCHANT ment, petulant fretfulness and idle fear, keeping me in the restful presence of Much is being written in the papers Thy love. Teach me to be alert in all these days about the duties of loyal responsibilities, without hurry and with- Turks in supporting native-made out neglect. Tame Thou and rule my products. The following points were tongue that I may not transgress Thy published in a leading Stamboul paper law of love. When others censure may as indicative of the highest type of I seek Thine image in each fellowman, Turkish citizen in his various rOles as judging with charity as one who shall buyer, producer and middleman. be judged. Banish envy from my thoughts and hatred from my lips. Help The duties of a Turkish citizen: me to be content, amid the strife of 1. You will try to save as much as you tongues, with my unspoken thought. spend. When anxious cares threaten my peace, 2. You will choose native materials help me to run to Thee, that I may find whether or not they are in style my rest, and be strong for endurance at present. and service.-Selected. 3. You will not mix foreign foods with native products at your dinners. WHOEVER ALLOWS HIMSELF TO 4. You will not spend your money for luxuries such as beads and neck- GET OUT OF PATIENCE laces. Whoever allows himself to get out of The duties of a Turkish merchant: patience comes to the falling-off place 1. You will not import materials that before he is aware of it. By indulging are made or could be made in in temper and saying cruel words a man Turkey. loses control of himself, and his tongue 2. You will sell materials of the best grows keener and more bitter and he ef- quality that are manufactured fects nothing an(l hurts forever the man locally. he attacks. Do not turn friendship into hatred by hasty speech. "By conquering yourself you have conquered me," were the words accompanying the capitulation of a great Indian chief to one of our Colonilll governors. Think it over.

-John Wanamaker.

~RLD-1nDEOUrLOO~~1

INDIA Lord Irwin, has declared that Mr. Gandhi and the British Agree Gandhi, the man he imprisoned only nine months ago f.or defying British A REPORT from Delhi on March authority, not only was an able peace 3, announces that an agreement negotiator, but had established a had been reached between Mahatma record for endurance, patience and Gandhi, leader of the Indian Nation- perseverance which men of greater alist party, and the British Govern- physique and ·strength could scarcely ment of India. Just twelve months equal. after Gandhi and his lieutenants of the Congress party initiated their Mr. Gandhi and Narcotics campaign of civil disobedience, the stormy petrel of Indian politics and OPIUM is a curse to India-espethe Viceroy, Lord Irwin, reached a cially to mothers and children. compromise. . This means that the One of Mahatma Gandhi's demands is Indian Nationalists will have seats at that the British do all in their power the round table conference. The Con- to block the sale of intoxicants and gress party's campaign of civil dis- narcotics. The Indian Government licenses the sale of opium and intoxi. obedience, which included defiance of cants throughout India-in spite of the salt laws, non-payment of taxes, the protest of many leading natives. holding of illegal as·semblies and mass Ignorant mothers are among the largpicketing of factories and shops sell- est purchasers of narcotic£ which ing British goods, will be called off. they use to quiet fretting children. Such drugs and intoxicants are sap- It is understood that the Indian Gov- ping the life of India. One .of Mr. ernment made conces·sions and that Gandhi's demands prior to accepting the British program for dominion henceforth the natives will be per- government is that this traffic shall be mitted to manufacture salt by the discouraged and that opium and liquor pr.ocess of evaporation on the sea- shops be closed throughout the length coasts, the government monopoly, and breadth of India. however, maintaining control of its All-Asia Women'. Conference manufacture and distribution in in- land areas. Political prisoners are expected to be released and Gandhi will no longer I press his demand for an inquiry into N JANUARY, Lahore was the scene alleged police excesses. Property con- of an historic conference, being the fiscated from Congress members found first All-Asia Conference of Women.

guilty of law-breaking will be restored Delegates were present from most of with their release from jail. the countries in Asia including Pales- Much credit for the achievement of tine, Syria, Iraq, Persia, Afghanistan, peace in India will be accorded the Nepal, Burma, Ceylon, Java and Viceroy, Lord Irwin. Almost single- Japan. In a number of these countries handed and in the face of opposition women have had up to recent times, a of some members of the Indian Civil very small part in the public life. The Service, Lord Irwin has fought Eng- absence of the Chinese representative land's battle for a peaceful settlement does not indicate any lack of interest of the tangled political situation in on the part of the Chinese to cooper- India. ate.

298 The Rani (Queen) of Mandi opened The New Indian Bishop the Conference. This was called to pro- THE General Conference of the mote cultural unity among the women Methodist Episcopal Church in of Asia and to place at the service of 1928 empowered the several Central humanity the qualities which are pe- Conferences to elect bishops. culiar to the Orient, to join in an effort to do away with evils that are This was a far-reaching step and in present, to encourage the wider adop- the recent election of J ashwant Rao tion of those elements that have been Chitambar to the episcopacy, India beneficial in the West, and to benefit all by the exchange of experiences honored not only herself but the whole among the countries of the East. In Church. Bishop Chitambar has been her concluding remarks she said: "Let recognized for a long time as one of us disregard customs and traditions the outstanding men of all India. He which have been strangling our do- is recognized by all of the Christian mestic life." forces of India, and by leading non- Christians as one of the outstanding forces for righteousness in all that An Important Indian Conference great country. Look at what the election means to THE Central Indian Conference of the 500,000 Methodists in India. The the Methodist Episcopal Church, Indians will feel, in a very real sense, held at Cawnpore, December 27 to that the Church in India is indeed January 6, was an epoch-making their own church. It will bring new event. First: There was elected their life and hope and determination. In first Indian Bishop, the Rev. Jashwant a more real. sense the Church will R. Chitambar, principal of the Luck- become indigenous. The whole organ- now College. He is widely known in ization will have to be readjusted to India and in America and was the Indian ways-ways that are Buited to Indian delegate to the General Confer- India, the people of India, the reli- ence in the United States a few years gious life and thought of India.

ago. He will reside at Jubbulpore, This step will give the non-Chris- C. P. tians a new concept concerning the Second: A new emphasis was placed Church. They have looked upon by the Conference on the Indian Christianity as a "western" religion Church as the agency for evangeliz- run by "western" men. It has been ing India. Henceforth the chief linked up with the British Empire, emphasis is to be placed on the train- and has been thought of as one of the ing of laymen and of self-supporting agencies of those who were running it.

and church-supported Indian min- In a very real way the Church will isters. make a larger appeal to the great non- Third: The movement toward Christian communities.-DR. BENSON Church union received a strong im- BAKER.

petus. The Conference declared it to be their desire and purpose that there An Indian Laymen's Association A shall be a United Church. METHODIST Laymen's Associa- Fourth: There was a prevailing tion was formed in India on Jan- and increasing passion for a great uary 2 with Prof. E. Ahmad Shah of forward movement in evangelism. Lucknow University as president and Bishop Chitambar was made chair- T. B. Franklyn of Delhi as secretary.

man of the Council on Aggressive The purpose is to bring about closer Evangelism and Dr. E. Stanley Jones fellowship among Methodist laymen of was asked to request the National Southern Asia, to enlist their support Christian Council to launch a wide in church affairs, both social and eco- .

·evangelistic movement similar to those nomic, and to organize similar associa- in China and Japan. tions in every conference and church.

They hope in the near future to draw Indian venture, financed and directed up practical schemes for solving prob- by Indian Christians. In its first year lems affecting the work of the Church of work, the society received an inby infusing a new spirit into the lay- come of only about Rs. 2,500 (about men and leading them to assume a $810). Today its annual income is larger share of responsibility. about Rs. 80,000 coming in small amounts from Indian Christians of all Social Purity in India provinces and all denominations. It carries on work in some of the most H w. BRYANT, general secretary neglected districts, including two • of the Bombay Y. M. C. A., regions where foreign missionaries writes in Young Men of India: have no access. One of these is Nepal on the borders of which the society "All workers among young men started two years ago a medical misrealize how terrible are the conse- sion which is meeting with much enquence,s of lax morals in an Eastern couragement and success.-Christian city. The problem confronting the Century. Y. M. C. A. is how to counteract the evil influences, to educate public opin- CHINA ion, and to secure acceptance of a single standard of morality. In 1923 A False Educational Policy the Vigilance Association was formed, and after a survey a definite policy THE reply of the Chinese ministry was outlined, one of the objects being of education to the united appeal a suppression of brothels. Now after of all Christian bodies for a repeal of seven years' work, the Government the restrictions upon religious educaintroduced a bill not only to suppress tion and worship in Christian schools brothels, but to make it an offence for closed with this sentence, "This is anyone to live on the earnings of final; let the matter be accepted by prostitution." all as settled." In a communication to the North China Daily N eW8 of An All-India Vigilance Association Shanghai, Dr. John C. Ferguson says, has been formed with local associa- "May I bl' allowed to remind the Mintions at Rangoon, Colombo, Calcutta, istry that no question is ever settled Madras and Bombay. It is hoped that until it is ~ettled right." the movement will spread widely and that it will be possible to agitate for Dr. Ferguson was the first president All-India legislation on this matter. of the University of Nanking. He founded and was for over 30 years the Indian Missionary Society Jubilee chief owner of the Sin Wan Pao, Shanghai, a Chinese daily newspaper THE NATIONAL MISSIONARY with the largest circualtion in China. SOCIETY of India, recently cele- He was advisor to the National Govbrated its silver jubilee at Allahabad. ernment for a long period. Twenty-five years ago a group of earnest Indian Christians organized The letter, with a Chinese translathis society as an interdenominational tion, has been given wide private cireffort for evangelizing the areas of culation by Dr. Ferguson who states India, not yet reached by any Chris- that he would go beyond the petition tian agency. While the content of the of the churches and permit all private phrase "unoccupied areas" has been schools to establish their own rules extended and enriched, the National as to religious instruction and reli- Missionary Society has still as its main gious exercises. objective evangelizing some of the most neglected parts of India. What Naturally the author distinguishes makes this society distinctive among between schools maintained at public all other missionary societies working expense and others. Religious liberty in India is the fact that it is a purely requires that parents who wish to send their children to Christian

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

schools should be allowed to do so. Dr. and social welfare literature which Ferguson's seconrl point is that sound uses a vocabulary compl'ehellsible by educational policy will permit full the lIew literates. freedom of experimentation in private schools. The action of the Govern- Kiangsu Self-Support ment will imperil the support of westerners in Chinese projects. The A SPECIAL meeting of the Synod decrease of interest in China's wel- of Kiangsu (Protestant Episcopal fare among many former friends, Missionary district of Shanghai) was which has been noticeable during the held at St. John's University to conlast three years, has been due to the sider self-support. The Chinese clergy attitude of the Government toward and laity are heartily behind this private schools and other philanthropic movement and passed resolutions proenterprises more than to any other viding for a sustentation fund to single cause." which all parishes will contribute. "The aim shall be to increase the local General Education Movement church income until such time as help from abroad shall be unnecessary." THE Mass Education Movement in The standing committee is to admin- China having demonstrated the ister the ·sustentation fund, deciding on the amount and nature of the suppracticability of adult education by port to be given to individual congremeans of its I,OOO-character lessons gations and gradually decreasing the and seeing' the efforts for the wiping grants-in-aid to stimulate self-support. out of illiteracy going ahead irresistibly, has moved its headquarters to Missions and Communism Tinghsien, a city about 100 miles southwest of Peiping. A staff of THE Liebenzell Mission in Hunan, workers under Dr. Jame·s Y. C. Yen China, has suffered severely from is seeking to learn by the laboratory the terrorism of the communists. method and to demonstrate methods Their stations were plundered and set for the enlargement and enrichment on fire, their gardens were desolated of the lives of the masses of the and Bibles and Christian books were people. trodden upon and torn. The mission- aries were obliged to take flight. Special interest in the project is Missionary Seliger in Siang-Siang being shown by Christian Missions. writes: "The communists consider The American Board and the Ameri- the Christian missions to be their can Presbyterians are within Ting worst opponents. For this reason they County. The work of Hugh Hubbard are trying to exterminate them. A is the outstanding piece of literacy number of missionaries have been work done under mission auspices in killed, others have been kept captive China. Mr. Hubbard was released by for long periods and only got free his Board to work for a year under after the payment of huge sums of the National Christian Council in the ransom, generally with their health promotion of mass education within broken down. We all are living here the churches. as it were, at the crater of a volcano."

Literacy leads to a wider reading Basel Missionaries Liberated of the Scriptures and thereby advances the evangelistic work of the MI S S ION A R I E S Walter and missions. The Paotingfu station of Fleischle have been released the American Board in the last six from the long captivity in which they years has had 30,000 students of all had been held for nearly sixteen ages enrolled in mass ~ducation months in the government of Fungclasses. In that same period, member- shun, in the mountains between ship in the churches has increased 70 Kayintshu and Swatow where comper cent. The work is being paralleled by the production of Christian

munistic bandits had held them. Their been much said about Marxism, So- capture by the bandits gave rise to cialism and the necessity of develop- many questions concerning the pay- ing civilization by the will, this year ment of ransom. The missionaries the students are urging dependence declared against the payment and upon spiritual forces. The depression even their families had heroically sec- so keenly felt in Japan is probably to onded this advice. There was no other some extent responsible for this recourse than that of prayer which change. On the other hand the King- arose incessantly to the throne of God. dom of God Movement is having a At last Government soldiers brought wholesome influence.-The Messenger.

them back, after enduring endless hardships and suffering from illness The Kingdom of God Newspaper A and insufficient food. The Chinese N ILLUSTRATED paper with this title is issued weekly in Japan, official did all in his power to help them recuperate. for a halfpenny. Although this in- PioneeJling in Chinese Turkestan volves a considerable loss, at this price it can make its way everywhere, and LAST winter H. F. Ridley took a has an enormous circulation. Chris- journey from his station in Urum- tians and inquirers in Tsukishima, a tsi or Sinkiang to Kashgar and back, district of Tokyo, go forth to sell the making the circuit of the Takla-Makan paper and find purchasers in the Desert-a feat performed by only two streets and shops. Children rush to other Europeans, Sir Aurel Stein and it for their own page. Miss Henty Sven Hedin. The purpose of Mr. writes of one reader: Ridley's trip was to visit the cities on She had not even a farthing. the edge of this desert and to pro- She looked poor, ill, and disappointed, claim to them by word of mouth and so the seller gave her the paper. through the printed page the "glad Ever since that night she has come tidings of great joy." The journey regularly to our meetings. We inwas made in 111 stages, and Mr. troduced her to the free clinic at Ridley was received with kindness St. Luke',s Hospital, and she is getting everywhere. The tracts and Gospel stronger. The Kingdom of God Newsportions were bought and read with paper brought a message she half keen interest. What a tremendous learned long ago; she believed, and task lies before us in the occupation of is now trusting everything to Christ. those cities for Christ-what an oppor- She has brought her brother-in-law tunity! Who will go out to these cities to the meetings, and he too is now and strengthen the hands of those earnestly studying.-Church Mission- who have for many years borne the ary Outlook. burden and are even now pioneering in this new world? Who will hear this Votes for Women call, take up this challenge and go out to this unoccupied field-Spend and A BILL introduced in the Japanese be spent in His Service?-Friends of Diet by the Hamaguchi Govern- Moslems, China. ment indicated it was prepared to give the women of Japan a small taste of JAPAN-CHOSEN political power, the right to vote in Changing Student Thought municipal elections. The sample was accompanied by the implicit promise I N AN annual all Japan High School that if it were taken with no ill effects, oratorical contest held in Osaka in within a few years the full feast of November, the speakers revealed politics, equal rights with men to vote something of the change in the and to hold office, should be spread thought life of the students. Where- before the 15,500,000 female subjects as in the past years there has always of the Mikado.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The Y. M. C. A. and Golgotha bers, not including the 1,000 students AT THE recent jubilee of the Tokyo in school and college associations. Association, Dr. Toyohiko Kag- Upon being a·sked what are the chief awa, the well-known author and Christian social reformer, made a vig- problems of the cities, the Osaka staff orous and inspiring speech on his con- replied: "Communism, unemployment, ception of what the Y. M. C. A. should cafes, bars (old American style), lack be. He said that he would like it to of lay Christian leadership, lack of go out in the villages and help the stewardship among Christians, lack of Japanese peasants to fight for a better church work for boys, and lack of eflife. He warned the association fort by church members to Christian- ize the city."

against institutionalism: "A building AJobnry College Team in Chosen may seem necessary to you," he said, "but to have a building you must bow A GOSPEL TEAM of three young your heads and ask money from rich men is touring the Orient. It is capitalists and there comes the weak- called "The Asbury College Foreign ness." He urged the association to Missionary Team" and is composed of return to the spirit which promllted Messrs. V. Kirkpatrick, Byron Crouse its founder, the spirit which was in- and Eugene Erny. Their headdeed the spirit of Christ: "Let us quarters are at 4961 Lemon Grove forever hold on to the spirit of the Ave., Los Angeles, California. While young Man Christ, Who at the age of the team comes from a Methodist thirty-three breathed His last on Gol- college the work is nondenominationgotha. . .. The mission of the Y. M. al, undertaken by faith, with large C. A. is to revive such young man- dependence on prayer. A letter from Dr. James Hirst of Chosen says that hood." their visit to Seoul last October was Communism and the "Y" very fruitful and that they were warmly received. The report says: GEORGE GLEASON, Y. M. C. A. "The meetings in Seoul were union secretary, reports a growing fear meetings of all denominations and of communism in every large city of each night one of the native pastors Japan. With over a half-million peo- presided. There was a fine spirit of ple out of employment, with hundreds unity and cooperation throughout.

shelterless, sleeping at night in city Great crowds came and filled the large parks, with more than 50 per cent of tent that the evangelists took with the university and college graduates them and they started singing fifteen of the last two years unable to find or twenty minutes before the meeting jobs, Japan, like China, is proving a began. Much was made of Gospel ripe field for Russian propaganda. music and one of the team played a Many Japanese students and laborers trombone. Crowds came who could are seriously suggesting that the over- not get into the tent but stood outside turn of the present society is the and listened. For ten days there were quickest road to economic betterment early morning services devoted to for the common people. The Govern- prayer and Bible study and the eve- ment, even army officers, are looking to ning services were for non-Christians.

Christianity as the most promising Large numbers came forward as in- antidote. Grave problems confront quirers and some who were said to be the nation. Educational processes are demon possessed were cured. Many not sufficiently creative. The people Koreans walked for ten miles to attend are poor, discouraged. the services and some slept all night In the larger cities the Y. M. C. A. on the floor so as to be on time for the has a strong hold. Tokyo has a six- 5 a. m. service."

story building and 3,000 members; in The team works in some places in Osaka, a new building and 1,200 mem- cooperation with the Oriental Mission-

ary Society. They came to Korea Methodist Church back of the Y. M. from meetings in China and Japan C. A. every Sunday. Do you rememand held campaigns for four months ber that picture of Christ for which in Chosen. From there they went to I asked you? I have that in my room Manchuria and North China and plan at home, and it is a constant help to to proceed to the Philippines, India, me.' Here was something definite in Egypt, Palestine, Europe and Great the way of results. One young man Britain. Their one purpose, as stated, like that won for Christ each year is "to preach the Gospel of Christ to during my week in the Hospital would those who are hungry for the Words be worth while." of Life." ROSCOE E. COEN.

Seed by the Wayside ISLANDS OF THE SEA "AT THE opening night of a district Bibles for Northwest Australia Bible class for men I was cor- THE publication of new versions of dially greeted by a middle-aged man Scripture shows no signs of failwhose face looked familiar to me, but ing. The 636th langauge on the list whom I did not know. Seeing my puz- is Worrora, spoken near Broome in zled look, the man said, 'Don't you re- Northwest Australia. Though the peomember me? I am the man who rode ple only number 300, their language in the public automobile with you be- is understood by other tribes living tween Soowon and Kimyang about a to the south, east and northeast of year ago.' Like a flash, I remembered. them, and also by a smaller tribe called Upon that occasion he had told me Yaujibai living on the Montgomery that he was a Seventh-day Adventist Islands. In all there are only about a and had asked me to explain to him thousand people who speak Worrora; why we Presbyerians kept Sunday in- yet for these thousand Australian stead of the Sabbath, for our day of aborigines the Bible Society has pubrest and worship. I had told him lished a Gospel. The least significant simply and briefly for I had no desire member of the human family is a child to argue with him c·oncerning. his be- of God, and has a divine right to those lief. But 10! here he was beaming Holy Scriptures which are committed with joy at meeting me again, and to our trust. The Worrora language intending to remain a week to study is evidently most complicated, having at this Bible class. no fewer than 171 forms of the verb "to be." The translation has been "For two years now I have given one made by the Rev. J. R. B. Love, of the week in January to special evangelistic Port George IV Presbyterian Mission, work among the Korean patients in Northwest Australia, by three Worrothe Severance Hospital in Seoul. The ra men: Nyimundum, Barungga and results are not always apparent. Wond6onmoia. Apart from the comfort given, one often wonders just what definite re- Here is one verse in the new transsults he has obtained. When I was lation-Mark 3: 35 : unusually depressed by the query re- Gehwoonya aua picha wondi-ehwu garding results, I left the hospital to ngumma God koonjiri, aia ngauomali, go home on the street car. It was ngauomalinya, karunya. nearly empty and before I could sit down, a young man rose, took my -Bible in the World. hand and asked, 'Are you not Mr. Coen?' I confessed my identity, say- Protecting Formosan Morals ing, 'Yes. But who are you?' "pUBLIC DANCING," reads a re- .. 'Don't you remember me? I am cent decision by the Department Mr. So-and-so who was at Severance Hospital last year. I now attend the of Social Affairs of the Japanese Colonial Administration, "is an im- moral pastime, and should not be en-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

couraged among the youth of For- dancing partners, being amateurs, mosa." paid nothing.-EDGAR SNOW, "The "Indulgence in such an exhibition," Consolidated Press" in China Weekly this document continues, "tends to Review.

excite the young men and women thus brought into unaccustomed proximity, Filipinizing Missions T and arouses the wrong sort of pas- HE Presbyterian Mission met in Manila, in November and out of sions. Moreover, it has been 'proved that dancing is an unhealthful form of 65 missionaries, 34 attended the meet- entertainment, since it causes loss of ing, representing all of their ten sta- sleep and leads to drinking and gen- tions and the International Leper eral carousing. The practice of per- Mission of Culion. Filipinization is a mitting waitresses and young girls subject no mission in these islands hired for the purpose, to act as danc- can long evade, even if it desires. It ing partners in teahouses and caba- was voted to have Filipino physicians rets, has been found to cultivate arti- assist the American doctor in charge ficial and unwholesome social contacts. of each of the four Presbyterian hos- "For these reasons the Government pitals, instead of having a second mis- has decided to p 'ohibit dancing in all sionary doctor in each. One Filipino, public places, including hotels, tea- Rev. Leonardo G. Dia, was appointed houses, restaurants, cabarets and bars. with three missionaries to represent In private gatherings where guests the Philippine churches at the de- wish to indulge in dancing, a permit centennial conference of the Pres- must first be secured from the Depart- byterian Board of Missions and ment of Social Affairs." representatives of national churches, Proprietors of local eating and to be held in America in June, 1931.

drinking establishments are much dis- A program of withdrawal of mission turbed by the ruling. Their prosperity funds, at the rate of ten per cent a in the past has been due largely to year, was worked out for the Manila the novel "night life" which they of- Conference, the funds thus released fered to students and young bloods of to go into new work, and the whole Formosa interested in becoming so- project to be administered by the mis- phisticated. Their chief attractions sion and the churches cooperatively.

were the young Japanese and Chinese girls employed to act as companions in Progress in Dutch New Guinea O wine, song and dance. UTSIDE of the Batak Counties in Despite opposition, the prohibition Central Sumatra, the progress of remains. Dancing is taboo in For- Christianity is most marked in Dutch mosa. Even a group of foreigners, New Guinea. From the Sea of Sen- including some quasi-diplomats, who tani in the extreme east to the Gulf of wished to give a dance at the only McCluer in the west, a great move- European hotel on the island, have ment has set in among the natives been refused a permit. No restric- along the coast and also on the islands.

tions, however, have as yet been placed The number of missionaries (the upon the patronage of Chinese sing- Dutch Society, Utrecht Mission Un- song girls and Japanese geisha. Re- ion), as well as of. native teachers sorts operated by hundreds of young must be increased considerably in the ladies in this ancient profession ap- near future if the harvest which has parently are regarded with official been hoped for so long is to be brought equanimity. It has been suggested in. This mission which was carried that the Government may have been on in tears for so many years, cele- somewhat influenced in its decision by brated its 75th anniversary last sum- the fact that geisha and sing-song mer with much rejoicing over this girls pay a fat license as "trained great blessing which has at last entertainers"-whereas the teahouse crowned its labors.

5

Earthquake in New Zealand in many fields, where local support has AN EARTHQUAKE on February 3, failed. In many of the drought- 1"1. accompanied by landslides, tidal stricken churches, ministers have re- ceived only a small part of the salaries waves, and fire, claimed a large toll of promised them locally. lives and caused immense property damage in the seaport of Napier and Loyalty Crusades a surrounding area of hundreds of square miles, in New Zealand. Fire LAST year throughout the Presbyprevented rescuers from saving those terian Church, U. S. A., there was who might have been alive in the a net los·s in membership of 20,359. houses that had collapsed; and as the Of the six largest presbyteries in the tremors c·ontinued, the government Assembly, Chicago was the only one ordered a complete evacuation of the that did not show a loss. It is sigcity. Refugees fled to the south as nificant that of the eight presbyteries fast as disrupted roads and debris showing net gains nearly aU of them from landslides permitted. Not a have within recent years had some stone building was left standing in kind of Loyalty Campaign, and in Napier, a town of nearly 20,000. This nearly every case a campaign for is the wor·st disaster in the history of Presbytery Extension work. Appar- New Zealand, and Red Cross officials ently these organized campaigns for place the number of dead above one the progress of the whole work in thousand. the Presbytery quicken the efforts NORTH AMERICA along spiritual and evangelistic Jines. ~The Presbyterian Advance.

Help for National Mission Churches 1'HERE is danger that the financial Fifty Years of Christian Endeavor distress in America will mean great loss to the Gospel ministry and THE fiftieth anniversary of the the closing of churches in the United first Society of Christian Endeavor was celebrated in Bo-ston on January States. Dr. E. Graham Wilson, of 28. The movement has helped to de- New York, general secretary of the velop strong lives in the past, as was Presbyterian Board of National Mis- proved by an appreciative telegram sions, states that the income of th~ from a former Endeavorer, President Board "will probably suffer a loss this Herbert Hoover, and by personal testi- fiscal year, ending March 31, of over mony Of ex-Gov. Alvin T. Fuller, $150,000 which threatens the employ- former president of a Malden C. E.

ment of 200 ministers. One of the Society. Mrs. F, E. Clark, received missionaries in the Ozarks writes: expressions of grateful affection from "My bank, the largest in the State, young people all over the world, both failed and closed its doors. My for her own sake and for her husband, month's salary was there; also my "Father Endeavor Clark." The mes- wife's savings. What the churches sage of Prof. Amos R. Wells, recorded of drought-stricken Arkansas are to "Fifty Years in Verse." President do I do not know. In many of our Dan Poling described the four restless small churches everything has liter- boys on the front seat, of whom he ally burned up. Since August 1, more was one, who decades ago joined a than 95 banks in this area have closed. Junior C. E. on the Pacific Coast. He Many of our best men are ruined. I also gave an account of the world con- am going day and night trying to keep vention, held in Germany last summer, up the morale. What we shall do where national feuds were at last for- until the people can raise another g·otten, and the fIag-s of forty-two nacrop, I do not know." tions were waved together and youths became the ardent standardbearers of The Board has been called upon to former foes. give additional supplemental grants

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Protestant l:pbcopal Finances C. M. Yocum, head of Foreign De- partment; Jesse M. Bader, head of THE Domestic and Foreign Mis- Home Department; Roy G. Ross, head sionary Society closed the year of Religious Education Department: with a balance on the right side .of the Mrs. Aida R. Teachout, head of Misledger to help meet the budget for sionary Organizations Department: Miss this year. Joy Taylor, head of Missionary Educa- tion Department: F. M. Rogers, head of Out of $2,910,484 estimated budget Benevolence Department: John H. there was collected $2,884,420, or Booth, head of Church Erection Depart- 99.1%. ment: C. O. Hawley, head of Promo- tional Department. Out of ninety-eight dioceses and missionary dist.ricts, thirty-eight paid These, with associates, were elected 100% of their quotas and seventy-four paid 100% Or over of what they noti- for a period of four years in accordfied the N aHonal Council to expect. ance with the provision in the revised constitution.

Unofficial Ambassadors The president and two vice-presi- dents of the Society were elected at "THE Unofficial Ambassadors" from the Washington Convention for the foreign lands to America are the four-year period.-Stephen J. Corey, as president, I. J. Cahill, first vice- 10,478 young students who have come president, and Miss Mary Campbell, to the United States in pursuit of -second vice-president. higher education. Canada supplied 1,410, with China next highest, con- tributing 1,336. Japan is third with Training for Alaskans 1,004, while our Philippines sent 905. The South American republics have T HREE young men, graduates of sent some 4,000, studying engineering the Sheldon Jackson School, Alasand commerCe. A large number take ka, met with Rev. Jackson L. Webster, theological courses and 237 are listed missionary to Sitka, recently to oras at Harvard. The University of ganize the first sch'Ool for native re- California is instructing 595 and New ligious workers in the territory. The York University 611. Institutions in purpose of the school is to train Sunevery state in the union are shown to day-school superintendents, interprethave students from afar. This should ers, native helpers and ministers who make the "unofficial ambassadors" will take charge of native churches. qualified to represent America fairly The course includes a study of the when they return home, if they make Bible, pastoral work and preaching. right Christian contacts while here. After two or three years the men so The Committee on Friendly Relations trained will come before Presbytery among Foreign Students (347 Madi- for examination and if found qualified son Ave., New York), is doing much for a full theological course will be in this direction. given a scholarship in the States.

The Secretaries Elected Negroes after E:mancipation T HE United Christian Missionary ON JANUARY 1, Negroes through- Society at the Washington Conven- out the United States held tion, was given a revised Constitu- exercises commemorating the Bixtytion and as a result the Executive eighth anniversary of Lincoln's Eman- Committee of the Society, at its meet- cipation Proclamation. Most signifiing on November 11, elected treasurer, cant of all the progress noted was recorder and secretaries. C. W. that in education. In 1860, nine- Plopper was reelected treasurer and tenths of the Negro population was Miss Hazel Scott, recorder. The sec- illiterate. Twenty years later only retaries elected to Berve in the va- thirty per cent could read and write. rious departments are: In 1931, ninety per cent are literate,

the illiterate 10 per cent residing LATIN AMERICA largely in the southern states. In less than the proverbial three score and Earthquake in Mexico ten years more than 10,000 Negroes have been graduated from universities AVIOLENT earthquake in Oaxaca, and colleges. The degree of doctor of with less extreme tremors in Mexphilosophy has been conferred on more ico City, was reported in the daily than thirty. The number to receive press, January 14th. the degree of master of arts is increasing yearly. Of the ·sixty-eight The state of Oaxaca is in the south- Negroe colleges and universities all western part of Mexico and is a but four are under religious denom- mountainous region, populated chiefly inational control. Some 50,000 Ne- by Mixteco and Zapateco Indians. The groes are engaged in the profession capital city has a population of about of teaching. The Bible and the church 50,000. The responsibility for evanwere the pioneers in producing this gelistic work under the Presbyterian result.-Tuskegee Messenger. Board, was turned over to the native leaders in Oaxaca City in 1929. One Westminster College, Utah Presbyterian missionary, Miss Ethel R. Doctor, remained in the city to help DEFINITE steps are being taken in the work of Christian women there, to make Westminster College, and an affiliated missionary, Mr. Utah, an interdenominational institu- Verne Bruce, is carrying on pioneer tion, as it has been for some years work among the Indians in Yatzachi, with respect to its working policy. about 100 miles from Oaxaca city. Some fifteen years ago representative·s of other denominations were placed Miss Doctor reported that condion the board of trustees. tions were very grave. The Oaxaca c h u r c h building and manse are Westminster is Utah's only institu- ruined; Miss Doctor's rented house is tion of college grade not under Mor- uninhabitable, but the property in mon control, with the exception of a Yatzachi is not badly damaged. Rev. small Roman Catholic college for wom- W. L. Miller, a missionary from Mexen. In a state like Utah, where the ico City, visiting Yatzachi at the time Mormon population is overwhelming of the earthquake, reports that propand there are only a few thousand erties in the city and valley of Oaxaca evangelical Christians of all kinds, it in wide areas are in ruins, and that would be folly to attempt to build up it will take a long time for the city various denominational colleges. On and state to recover. the other hand, there is vital need of one strong, standard, evangelical, Mr. Van Slyke wrote on Jan. 18th: Christian college. Westminster has "One of the effects will be on the selfwon the respect of both Mormons and support of the churches. With this Gentiles as a standard educational in- 'quake added to the bad times, selfstitution of its type and it has ren- support will be still more reduced. dered tremendous service to the Our whole church is passing through Christian cause in that state. For a real testing in this sense. But we years Methodists, Baptists, Congrega- have much to be thankful for in that tionalists, Disciples and Episcopalians none of our missionaries were hurt have cooperated with Presbyterians at and no workers were lost."-W. Reg- Westminster College, though under inald Wheeler. the form of organization they had to be formally elected by the Synod of Agitation in Brazil Utah. SINCE the new provisional govern- ment of Brazil has announced its intention of rewriting the Constitu- tion, the officials of the Roman Catho- lic Church have been actively cam- paigning in favor of what they term

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

a minimum program of Catholic ac- tory, should be developed as extensively tion. This program demands that the as possible. It is planned to make this new Constitution bear the statement experiment in a lowland section of that it is written in the name of God; Central America during this year over that the Catholic Church is the State sixteen thousand square miles of un- Church of Brazil; that it make a re- evangelized territory. Missionaries ligious marriage ceremony compul- and native workers will be located by sory; and that the Catholic faith be plane at strategic points along the taught in the State Schools. rivers and lakes where they can es- The clergy are conducting a vigor- tablish themselves and begin work ous campaign from the pulpit while among the Spanish-speaking peoples Roman Catholic laymen are busy and semi-civilized Indians. An out- through newspapers and committees. post will be opened up among a wild This activity has set up counter ac- tribe. The airplane will serve to carry tivities on the part of non-Catholics. supplies to the missionaries and to The Roman Catholic campaign is succor them in case of illness or other being carried on throughout Brazil, emergencies.-Christ Life.

but there is small probability that the agitation will succeed in reestablish- Church Conflict in Venezuela ing a state church in Brazil. AMISSIONARY writes: "There have been various points of dif- Rebellion in Pern ferance between the Government and the authorities of the Roman Catholic SOUTHERN rebels in Peru recently Church in Venezuela. The crisis was seized the city of Arequipa and precipitated by the expulsion of the have set up an independent govern- Bishop of Valencia for his refusal to ment under the name of "Southern withdraw his published statements Junta." The troops garrisoned at against the validity of civil marriage. Cuzco have joined the revolution. The The hierarchy demanded his return Arequipa forces are said to have re- but the civil authorities refused perbelled because the provisional Presi- mission until he should retract. While dent, Lius Sanchez Cerro, has fliiled the church is not a state church in the to carry out the principles of his true sense of the term, she is subsimanifesto, in which he promised the dized by the Government, and in this constitutional election of a president.

The Protestant missions in Peru in- way is very effectively controlled. Folclude the Evangelical Union of South lowing the episode of the Bishop of America at Arequipa, Calea,' Cuzco Valencia the Government decreed that and Lima; the Free Church of Scot- only Venezuelan priests could be re- land at Cajamarca and Lima; the cipients of government subsidies, and Methodist Episcopal Church at Huan- that all foreign priests must either coyo and Lima-also the Salvation nationalize or give up their parishes.

Army, Seventh-Day A d ve n t i 's t s, In order to enforce this regulation an Church of the Nazarene, Y. M. C. A. earlier law was 'made effective for- and independents. bidding the entrance of foreign clergy without special permission from the Tile Gospel by Airplane Department of the Interior.

PLANS are under way to use the Although directed at the clergy of airplane to carry the Gospel to the the Roman Catholic Church, Evanthousands of wild Indians in the heart gelical (Protestant) foreign mission- of South America. A number of aries are also affected. The "Law of Christian leaders have become inter- Foreigners" does not unconditionally ested and feel that the plan .should be forbid the entrance of foreign clergy, tried on a small scale in some favor- but does state that special permission able territory, and, if found satisfac- shall be secured in each case. The

missionaries of the Protestant Mis- self, then the French mission fields, sion Boards have complied with the where the knowledge of French is inlaw and have not become involved in creasing greatly. They are now shippolitics. It is hoped that the Govern- ping to Istanbul several hundreas of ment will give the special permission French Bibles and New Testaments, in each case for the return of an or- ordered by the American Bible Sodained foreign missionary, and that a ciety for the Near East. solution may be reached along the lines already put into effect in Mexico Dutch Auto-Mission and in other Latin American countries. AN EVANGELICAL auto-mission EUROPE has recently been started in Hol- land. The Rev. Van der Zee, Re- Religious Interest in Gerlllany formed, preacher in Amsterdam-West, is the president and Mr. D. Schot- AT A recent meeting of the Pres- vanger, 32 de Ruiterweg, Amsterdam, byterian Alliance in Edinburgh, the secretary. The object of the So- Prof. Hugh Mackintosh reported that ciety, which has already been in oper- Germany seems ripe for a religious re- ation some time, is to tour the Nethvival. This is evidenced by three erlands with an evangelical auto. things: (1) Germany has suffered During the ,summer it arranges meetfor past sins and has been humbled so ings in the open air and during the that there is no self-sufficiency left. winter months indoor meetings at (2) The rationalistic theology has which lantern slides are shown. The proved ineffective and the people are van has visited several cities in the turning to a simpler faith in God and Netherlands and everywhere has met His Word. (3) Positive notes of with great success. Christian faith on a sound basis has been sounded forth by German re- ANew Mission Society ligious leaders. T HE Evangelical Czech Church in New Mi••ion Problems in Paris Czecho-Slovakia has recently or- ganized its own mission society, which EUROPEAN mission periodicals call will for the present work in coopera- attention to the fact that the task tion with the Evangelical Mission of of foreign missions in many instances France. is undergoing a new orientation. The most recent example is that of the Morals in Italy North Africans, mostly Kabyls who are coming in such numbers to France POP& Pius X in a Lenten address, that already there are 110,000 of them caIls attention to present conditions • there. The Kabyls Mission of Djemaa in Rome which, he says, are extremely Sarij has been working for the last immoral. He especially condemns "the 50 years among these Berbers in the immoral press which is indecent and Atlas region. Now it is ,seeking its sacrilegious to an extreme degree. objects in the streets of Paris and is Similarly the motion picture shows there carrying on a toilsome, although and vaudeville are often unspeakably not hopeless, work in trying to protect offensive to morals. The profanation these brown Africans from the dan- of the Sabbath (including Sunday milgers of the modern city and to bring itary drill for students ) is practiced them the Gospel. on an extensive scale. The toleration of such evils is contrary to Christian French Bible Distribution teaching and to the promises of the Italian Government." T HE French Bible Society during the year 1929, distributed 1,909 The Pope also protests against the Bibles, 4,624 New Testaments and 4,- way in which the Italian Government 179 parts. The field is first France it- permits Protestants to continue their propaganda in Italy.

lfi31] WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Russia Wireless Propaganda reduced, forcing eventual self-support; in France the work will be liquidated T HE Russian Radio, which is lately and members will be urged to join sending out international trans- other Protestant Churches; in Italy missions in several European lan- appropriations will be reduced and guages, will extend the,se transmis- congregations urged to attain self-supsions on a larger scale. According to port or affiliate with other Protestant the scheme of the Soviet Government, groups; in Jugoslavia support of the there will be erected eleven radio sta- work will be turned over to the Methtions each of 100 Kilowatt and 38 odists of Switzerland; in Bulgaria, smaller stations of 10 Kilowatt each. church members will be asked to At Moscow it is proposed to build a unite with the Congregationalists; and radio station of 500 Kilowatt, as well in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, as a relay station for the ,short wave American Methodist churches are givof 60 Kilowatt. The cost of the entire en six, seven and eight years respecbuilding group will come to about 90 tively in which to prepare for a total million rubels. withdrawal of financial subsidy. It is predicted that all American Methodist "Foreign Mllssions" to Lutherans! bishops will eventually be withdrawn from Europe. Lutherans are quite THE Lutheran News Bulletin of strong enough to care for the work in New York publishes the following Scandinavian countries. In Sweden, remonstrance: "Lutherans heard with there are 6,051,000 Lutherans, and 16,- disgust and' indignation, the news 475 Methodists; in Norway, 2,596,- some ten years ago of the inclusion 917 Lutherans, and 7,567 Methodists; by a large southern Protestant denom- in Denmark, 3,364,500 Lutherans, and ination in a special compaign budget 4,201 Methodists. of an item of seven million dollars to "preach the Gospel to the benighted Church of the Czech Brethren Lutherans of Europe." This denomination was not the only one which T HE strong religious movement of appropriated money in those times of the past eight years in Czechoprosperity for missionary activities in Slovakia has abated but has not Christian land!? Lutherans in Europe ceased. Thousands of new members have had cause to complain of the lack are still joining the Czech Brethren of Christian brotherliness shown by every year-3,720 last year and 104,- the zealous missionaries of several 000 in the last eight Years. Member- American denominations, particularly ship has doubled since 1920. They the Baptists, Method1sts, Congrega- have 110 full charges and 373 preachtionalists, Presbyterians and Quakers. ing places, and have to leave many calls unheeded for lack of minister·s The Board of Foreign Missions of and money. They have only 120 pasthe Methodist Episcopal Church, has tors, and the fine theological faculty reluctantly been forced by a decreased in Prague cannot equip men quickly income to abandon some of its For- or numerously enough for the need, eign Mission work. A three hundred even with assistance from their misthousand dollar cut in appropriations sion school at Olomouc. And the need for overseas work calls for withdrawal with regard to places of worship is as from South Fukien Province, China, great. Since 1920 they have built 50 for turning over Methodist work in churches-whereby they groan under Burma to the Baptists; in Costa Rica an unbearable weight of debt-but to the Methodist Church in Mexico; still more urgently need at least 30 in Panama to an interdenominational more. Each congregation has more Committee on Religio~s Work and in than enough to do to keep going, and North Africa reduction of the work the will to self-sacrifice on behalf of among Moslems. In Europe, the most others in need tortures them all. drastic cuts will be made. In Germany, appropriations to conferences will be

Should they then refuse to receive and church affairs are regulated ac- people for whom they cannot provide cording to a constitution printed in into their Church? Preaching, Sun- Thorn in 1637.

day-schools, youth work, etc., are in Lithuania is a strongly Roman strong activity in the Reformed Catholic country, where the Roman Churches of Czecho-Slovakia, and Catholic Church is being more and there is a rising missionary sense in more powerfully organized. The Cath- the church. They hope soon to have olic Church is striving to control all a place in the Foreign Missionary en- branches of national life, and has suc- terprise. They have also philanthrop- ceeded in this (except in politics) ic works-four orphanages, old folks' during the last four years. There are home, girls' institute, etc.-Mr. Prud- few cases of conversion to the Roman ky, in the Quarterly Register of the Catholic Church, while about a hun- Alliance of Reformed Churches. dred a year come over to the Re- Atheism Taught in Russi.. formed Church from Rome. Among the Catholic populati{)n there is a APOWERFUL drive has been di- strong inclination towards the Gospel, rected against religion by the fac- and the educated Catholics, especially ulty of the anti-religious department in the capital, Kaunas, show much of the Historical-Linguistic Institute sympathy to the Reformed Church- of the Leningrad State university and Pastor Jakabenas, in the Quarterly of the Workers' Atheistic university Register of the Alliance of Reformed in the same city. Professors teach the Churches.

best methods for undermining popular belief in Christ and Christmas. The AFRIOA students disperse to their homes in Barber Shop Missions A various parts of Russia and use the N EVANGELIST in Egypt writes, occasion for an active educational cam- in The Moslem World, of his ex- paign against the Christmas idea. periences distributing the Bible in They try to show that the Christmas Cairo. He usualy meets a good re- legend is founded upon a myth, and ception in barber shops, where people that the Christmas idea is supersti- sit waiting. Even if the barber does tion which should be eradicated from not read himself, he often buys a copy the popular mind. This scientific ex- and leaves it f.or his customers.

planation is said to be based largely In one such shop, which was actual- upon the book of Arthur Drews, "The ly more like a club, the hairdresser Christus Myth," which appeared in produced a well-worn copy of St.

Germany some twenty or more years Luke's Gospel. It was a favorite prac- ago.-George M. Day. tice in that shop, he said, for one man Protestants in Lithuania to read aloud a story from the Gospel to the rest of the group. A shiekh THE Reformed Church of Lithu- who came to get his hair cut had told ania, which in the sixteenth cen- them they were infidels and tried to tury was a flourishing Church em- stop them, but they continued. Here bracing the whole Lithuanian nation, waa a Bible class, regularly held by is now only a small remnant of what men, who were all Moslems, in a it was. It numbers about 13,000 souls, strong Moslem district where there and is divided into 6 congregations, was no resident missionary.

of from 4,500 to 500 members, and four mission stations. Three of the Bible in Abyssinia T targer congregations are situated close HE new Emperor of Abyssinia is a warm friend of the Bible Society, together; all the others are scattered. The Church was founded under the and has printed St. John's Gospel in direct influence of Calvin, whose spirit two languages-Amharic and GaIla- is "still alive in it. Congregational life on his own private press, not to make

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK Jll3

money, but to help the Society in dis- There is force in the statement of tributing the Scriptures. Mr. T. P. the woman missionary who submitted Beaven; the Society's agent in Abys- the answers of the black boy, that the sinia, states that, on the morning he time may yet come when Africa will called at the palace by appointment at have to send Sunday-school teachers 7 o'clock, he found that the Emperor to teach the youth of America.

had been at work since 6 o'clock. In course of conversation the Emperor Slavery in Liberia T expressed his keen interest in the work HE International Commi,ssion of Inquiry, reporting at Geneva in of the Society, and his delight to be associated with it.-The Ch'l'istian. January, reveals a condition in Liberia scarcely distinguishable from slavery.

Will Africa Evangelize America1 It appears that Vice-President T HE Moody Monthly gives an inter- Yancey, with relatives of President esting comparison of the answers King, was connected with a syndicate given by a modern American boy and which raided villages and with beata native African boy to Bible ques- ing and torture, recruited laborers to tions. The black boy was employed as be shipped to the cocoa plantations of cook to a missionary and had only the Spanish colony of Fernando Po. been six years converted from hea- For each laborer recruited the syndithenism; the. other was a high school cate got' $45 with a bonus of $5,000 boy who had attended Sunday-school for 1,500 laborers. The workers found for ten years in the United States. themselves in virtual slavery, and Here are the questions and answers. rarely were allowed to return home. The "I" represents the answers of the Another common practice discov- American boy; the "2" those of the ered in Liberia was the pawning of individuals-usually children-in re- African boy. turn for a payment of money, the When was the Bible written? pawned persons becoming domestic 1. "After the birth of Cbrist." ,slaves. 2. "Part before and part after Christ. The United States is involved in God told Moses to write the laws and this situation, not only because of its put them in the ark." historic relations with Liberia, but also because the financial control of By whom was the Bible written? the country is in American hands. 1. "Paul." "The twelve apostles." 2. "Good men of long ago chosen by the Holy Spirit."

Who delivered Israel from Egyptian Secretary of State Stimson has sent bondage? several letters to the Liberian Gov- ernment demanding that this slavery 1. "David." be wiped out and that guilty officials 2. HMo~es and Aaron."

How long did Israel wander in the wil- derness? be dismissed. He has secured prom- 1. "Ten years." "Two years." ises of reforms, but these have been 2. "Forty." so qualified that it is doubtful whether Name one Old Testament Prophet. fundamental changes will be made un- 1. "Leviticus." "John the Baptist." 2. "Isaiah." Who was the greatest missionary of all less much greater pressure is exerted on Liberia. time? 1. "David Livingstone." The Firestone Rubber Company is 2. "Paul." said to be involved in the use of forced How are we saved? labor recruited by the government. 1. "By joining the church." "By becoming a member of some house of God." 2. "By faith and acceptance of the Jubilee in Angola blood of Christ shed for us." THE year 1930 marked the 50th an- What is meant by the Christian's hope? niversary of American Board work in Angola. The Jubilee celebration 1. "Everyone can be saved." "The wa·s made the occasion for contrasting hope of being saved." "To live a clean conditions then and now-all except life."

2. "Christ's coming."

the dirt, for missionaries refused to modern scientific methods. Kemal revive that memory. Development of Pasha has ordered that large loud- schools was portrayed-first the evan- speakers be placed on all minarets gelist in a heathen village, then a through the whole of Turkey, connect- school where a Dondi graduate taught ed on to a' central transmission station from a chart hung on a tree. Lights from which the muezzins will broad- were turned on a carpenter shop. As cast their musical cries at regular each department appeared out of the hours. This would do away with the darkness one saw what Dondi School old custom and, if it proves to be true, had done for its hundreds of pupils, would make it possible to hear the call -blacksmithing, tailoring, ,shoemak- all over the country at the same time. ing, building, typing, agriculture, or- gan playing, printing and medicine. Turkey Forward Looking Means School had a similar display. NEW ideas are gaining a hold in Pounding rocks are shown where Turkey. Formerly autocratic dic- women come to pound their corn into tatorship and military force directed meal and to gossip. A Dondi girl, who the country. Today education is being has come with her Dondi graduate emphasized in place of physical force husband to begin work in the village, and Turkey is urged to learn from joins the pounding group and tells Protestant Christian lands. The Mil– them about her school. As she names liyet (Constantinople) says in its is- each kind of work it appears olit of sue of January 7, 1,931: the darkness behind. A symbolic scene follows, Dondi girls lighting their Everybody knows that it is the British lamps at the lamps of faith and knowl- education that sustains the British Em- edge and going out to light others. pire. All supremacies on the earth be- An enormous alabaster cross shone long to the northern nations. The forth, and from the darkness came creative power is seen only in the north- marching boys and girls from both ern energy, not only in their own en- schools singing, as they climbed, "Be- vironments but in foreign environments neath the cross of Jesus I fain would also. take my stand," until all had gathered about the foot of the symbol. The Look at North America. There you climax came in the place where hea- will see a single republic formed by the then women of countless generations northern peoples, whereas South Amer- had wailed their dead in hopeless de- ica is divided into thousands of pieces. , spair, all sang the Hallelujah Chorus Go through Europe from north to south, from the Me,ssiah. All this in fifty and you will see that it is foolishness for years.-S. S. Times. Turkey to enter the Western civilization by the southern gate instead of the Ras Tafari's Gift to Bible Society northern …

RAS TAFARI, recently crowned em- It is pitiful to see in a country like peror of Ethiopia, made a gift of Turkey, which is in such need of culti- $500 and a gold medal to the British vation, almost all educated persons seek- and Foreign Bible Society as an ex- ing the bread of the government because pression of his appreciation of the they cannot find other employment. The work done in his kingdom. Great War and the armistice have left deep traces on our character. We have WESTERN ASIA no patience, and a struggle of five or ten years in life seems to us too long and Muezzins Loudspeakers troublesome. As soon as we finish our education we look for government sal- ACCORDING to the Dutch journal ary. In the school our minds are opened. the Gelderlander, the age old cus- Our p'ower of observation is developed. tom of the call of the muezzins to But we do not learn to sweat. No nation prayer in Turkey, is to give way to can be led into the path of civilization in this way. We need other ways and methods.

New Education ill Turkey THE MinIster of Education has given the following items with re- gard to the schools in Turkey;

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

This year the pupils in the pri- The inhabitants of the desert are nomary schools are over 550,000. In mad sections of the Al Kahir and Al towns and villages 110 new schools Murra tribes who live chiefly on have been built, and 250 new school camels' milk. rooms have been opened. There are 13,700 teachers in these primary The Christian mission stations nearschools, half of whom are graduates est to this part of Arabia are Muscat, of normal schools. in Oman, and Bahrein on the Per·sian Gulf, both occupied by missionaries of There are now 1,624 reading rooms the Reformed Church in America. in the country, for which local governments are buying books and maga- The Go"pel in Per"ia. zines. The Ministry of Education has bought 60,000 books, costing 11,500 WHEN Dr. Carr and Dr. Stuart liras, for these reading rooms. went to Shiraz, Persia, seven years ago to reopen the C. M. S. sta- Visiting teachers have been appoint- tion after it had been closed for some ed for the villages which have no years, they found not a single Chrisschools. We have also arranged for tian left. Today, there are forty-five, movable libraries for the benefit of 17 being converts from Islam. the teachers. Bishop Linton recently spent a week Eight hundred new students have in Shiraz, and describes a visit to a been admitted to the normal school mountain village, 30 miles away. "Forthis year. merly, preaching and medical work were carried on amid uproar and tu- Last year 622 pupils were gradu- mult, and with a good deal of personal ated from the Lycees, and 3,559 from risk. One night they had a meeting the secondary schools. for converts and inquirers after the general lantern meeting, lasting till A specialist has been called from after midnight, and at 1 a. m., three Germany to reorganize our technical converts were' baptized bringing the schools. For the Industrial School 12 number of Christians in the village to teacher·s will come from Austria.- five. Very different are conditions Translated from Politika. now. When our car arrived at the foot of the hill a stream of people Over the Arabian Desert came out to meet us. We made our way to the house of one of the' con- ABRITISH explorer, B e r t ram verts and had hardly got seated when Thomas, crossed the desert of a number of men, Moslems and Ba- Southeastern Arabia in January and hais, came in and began to ply us with February. The traveler wore Arab cos- questions. . . . Before we left two tume but otherwise was undisguised. men who were listening confessed His journey was from Dhofar in Had- Christ and asked to be prepared for rumaut on the Arabia Sea, northward baptism. At six o'clock in the mornthrough the sandy desert of Ruba-el- ing, before the rest of the vHlage was khaIi to Dohah, near Bahrein, on the about, three men and one woman were Persian Gulf. Mr. Thomas, who is confirmed, claiming the power and fulthe first European to cross the desert, ness of the Holy Spirit."-The Christraveled by camel 900 miles in fifty- tian. eight days, halting thirteen days en route. Thirteen of the thirty Arabs MISCELLANEOUS who started on the journey carried on to the end. They pas.sed through hos- More Recruits Needed tile Arab tribes, through the frankincense country of the Bible, over the THE Secretary of the Student Vol- Oara Mountains 3000 feet high, over unteer Movement tells us that the 100 miles of waterless desert, discov- peak years of student interest in ering a large salt lake, passing near missions were 1920 and 1921. As a the site of "Ubar, the buried legend- result, 1,731 new missionaries went ary city of the prehistoric Addites."

out from the United States and Can- This is said by President Buswell ada in 1920, and 1,620 in 1921. Since to be the most significant spiritual then there has been a decline to 558 movement ever started on the Wheaton in 1927. During the same period the campus. It is something new to find number of Student Volunteers de- from twenty-five to seventy-five stucreased from 2,783 to 388! During dents putting Gospels into circulathis period mISSIOnary emphasis tion at football games, after earnest dropped out of many Student Chris- prayer. As the result of an appeal in tian Association programs on local chapel, cash and pledges totaling more campuses, and in week-end and sum- than $600 were received from the stumer conferences. Recently there has dents and faculty. been a slight recovery, 667 new missionaries having been sent out in 1928. These students now plan to carry Yet this is below the replacement level on the work in shops, prisons, homes, by more than 300. and schools, especially among thou- sands of fellow students attending col- The Gospel and Football leges and universities where the Bible is not honored. Other Christian ,AST autumn some students of schools, too, may share the responsi- LWheaton College, Illinois, formed bility of helping the great mass of a prayer group that met each morning less fortunate college students. from six to 'seven for Bible study and prayer. One of the older students had Hymn Translations a vision of the lost multitudes outside of church influence swarming the fields T HE Lutheran Church Herald pubof great football games and "he was lishes a list of hymns which have moved with compassion." As a result been translated from English into of this vision and of the prayer group, other languages. Following are those a number of students started out to which have been translated into fifty give the Gospel to the football crowds. or more languages. It is interesting At one high school game in Chicago, to note that the majorHy contain the they distributed nearly two thousand Gospel message. The list includes the Gospels of John. During the ensuing number of languages into which each five weeks over thirty-five thousand hymn has been translated. Gospels were distributed, covering the more important high- school games and Hymns Languages several college games within a radius of thirty mile·s of Wheaton. Each Sat- A Mighty Fortress Is Our God .. 171 urday fifty students and several fac- Rock of Ages …………….. 130 ulty members set out in cars heavily Just As I Am …………….. 106 laden with Gospels which were given Ade,ste FideIis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 to the crowds either as they entered Nearer, My God, to Thee ……. 101 or as they left the fields. Jesus, Still Lead On ……….. 93 Each Gospel has been enclosed in a Holy, Holy, Holy ………….. 81 blue envelope resembling a bank book, on which the great football coach of a Sacred Head Now Wounded .. 80 the University of Chicago, Alonzo Stagg, has written, "This little book Jesus, Lover of My Soul …….. 78 will help us all to win in the game of life." Guide Me, a Thou Great Jehovah 75 A detachable flyleaf pasted in the All Hail the Power ………… 65 Gospels invited the reader to send for Abide with Me ……………. 66 another Scripture portion. Many slips Hark, the Herald Angels Sing … 64 were returned and the follow-up com- What a Friend We Have in Jesus 70 mittee improved every contact. I Heard the Voice of Jesus Say .. 62 Jesus Shall Reign …………. 51 Sun of My Soul ……………. 50 VVhen I Survey the VVondrous Cross ………………….. 50 Lead, Kindly Light ………… 50 -Alliance Weekly.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by U8 on 'receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Morals of Tomorrow. By Ralph W. strength from the Word of God. Each Sockman. 331 pp. $2.50. Harpers. month has a blank page on which to New York. record anniversaries. The pastor of the Madison Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church of New Amazon and Andes. By Kenneth G. York is one of the brilliant preachers Grubb. 308 pp. $5.00. Dial Press, of the younger generation. He is a New York. 1931.

popular speaker before college stu- This deeply interesting and beauti- dents, and his magazine articles and ful volume of missionary experiences books have attracted wide notice. In in comparatively little known parts of this volume he discusses urgent ques- South America, is a book of pioneer tions of present-day morals, the forces travel and -stirring adventure. It that are guiding them, the direction in abounds in fine descriptions of scenery which they aye moving, and the oppor- and of primitive peoples, few of whom tunity and duty of the Church in deal- had ever heard of the Gospel of ing with them. It is a practical and Christ. It manifests keen observation wholesome discussion, clear, able, well and warm sympathy with untutored abreast of modern thought, and in- human nature. The author journeyed cludes a bibliography of recent books from the lower Amazon southwest- and periodicals dealing with the sub- ward, clear across the continent to iect. A. J. B. Bolivia and the Pacific Ocean, then northward, by sea and by land to Living with the Bible. Arranged and Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Vene- edited by Mary Schauffier Platt. 16 mo. 365 pp. $1.00. M. H. Leavis, zuela. A map of the wanderings, and Box 4. North Cambridge, Mass. 1930. many exceptionally fine illustrations, Our greatest need today, in the face lend charm aJJd vividness to the deof many needs, is for spiritual inspiration and nourishment. Many scription of the country and people. Christians feel this need, but do not know how to feed themselves. They The volume is a notable addition to the growing literature on South America and the urgent importance of e~angelizing it. A. J. B.

are at a loss for -some simple method Evolution. C. F. Hogg. Pickering and for daily devotional Bible reading. Inglis. 3d.

Mrs. Platt, who was for some years a This pamphlet of 32 pages, dealing missionary in Persia, and who is the with the subject of Evolution from author of several stimulating and in- the Christian standpoint, is a recent spirational missionary books, has pre- addition to the growing literature on pared the.se daily Bible readings from this much discussed theme. It con- the Old and New Testament, but tains within this small compass a sur- majoring on the life of Christ. Many prising amount and variety of inter- will welcome these careful selections esting and instructive material, the as a guide to personal devotions and winnowed result of extended philo- for family worship. They require sophical and scientific readings. It only two minutes each, but enable one is one of the most useful discussions to start the day with light and on this theme in brief form we have 317

seen and a valuable addition to tract Miss Lorenzana was educated in the literature. H. R. M. public schools and the Union Theo- logical Seminary in Manila. She ha-s The New Handbook of the Churches. been active in Sunday-school work, was the only woman among the seven Edited by Charles Stehle. 305 .pp. Filipino delegates to the World's $1.50. Federal Council of Churches, Sunday-school Convention in Los New York. Angeles in 1928, took postgraduate work at the Northwestern University Many who speak on what the church in Evanston and Boston University, is doing in America are long on opin- and was one of the representatives of ions and short on facts. Here is a the Philippines in the International book of up-to-date facts concerning Convention on Religious Education in the various Evangelical Christians Toronto in 1930. and other religious church bodies in America. The general articles are of Such authors -should have prompt real value for they include statements and sympathetic reading in America. by Dr. S. Parkes Cadman, Bishop Their book is an admirable presenta- Francis J. McConnell, Dr. S. M. tion of conditions in the Philippine Cavert, Dr. Wm. R. King and fourteen Islands from the Christian viewpoint. other church leaders. They have written on Church Union, the Church A.J. B. and the State, the Community Church, Home Mission Outlook, Immigrants, Rural and Race Problems, World-Wide Akbar Ashram or Hindu-Moslem Unity. Mission Progress, etc. There follows If Truth at Last Be Told.

the directory of religious bodies (very These two attractively printed tracts useful for reference), religious sta- from Karachi, India, are strikingly tistics of all churches, and a bibliog- indicative of the new spirit which is raphy of the Federal Council. Every abroad.

editor and church leader will find the A small number of well educated volume invaluable and others will find Hindus and Mohammedans in Karachi here much interesting and helpful in- hav!! become alarmed at the great information. crease of bad feeling between Hindus Evangelical Christianity in the Philip- and Mohammedans throughout India, and wish to create avenues by means pines. By Camilo Osias and Avelina of which the more liberal spirits on Lorenzana. 240 pages. $1.50. United both sides may get together on a Brethren Publishing House, Dayton, common platform. The claim is made Ohio.

It is an encouraging feature of the that Krishna, Rama, Buddha, Christ development of Christian churches in and Mohammed all taught the same the mis-sion field that native leaders essential truths of love for God and are writing books and articles which devoted service to mankind. It is are influencing their fellow Christians interesting to see that these truths are and are helping people in the home the basic teaching of the New Testa- churches to a better understanding of ment.

the religious situation abroad. Mr. Akbar, the greatest Moslem Em- Osias came to America to complete his peror of India, attempted to weld Hin- education, was graduated from Co- dus and Moslems together by pro- lumbia University, and then returned moting inter-communal marz:jages, by to the Philippines where he became placing capable Hindus in the highest president of the National University posts and rewarding merit wherever with over 6,000 students, a member of found-in short, by a policy of ex- the Philippine Senate and then a resi- treme tolerance and a creed of great dent commis-sioner at Washington. elasticity. His attempt soon ran He has become internationally known against the hard facts of human na- as an educator, statesman and author. ture and left hardly a trace behind.

BOOKS WORTH READING

His spirit is, if possible, to be revived Buddhism." In this lighter volume he in members of the Akbar Ashram. deals with present-day substitutes for These tracts ,speak plainly of the dualistic philosophy. In a series of decay of morals, of the sad lack of delightful imaginary dialogues be- the vitality of the old religions and tween Socrates, Dr. Idealist, Dr. Beof the appalling need of India for a haviorist, Prof. Pragmatist, and new dynamic. The general spirit of others, he submits their opinions to the tracts reveals a burning desire for the keen test of question and an- truth and a wish to follow it even at swer, with the result that they are great personal sacrifice. Surely India shown to be incapable of offering is out on a new quest. any adequate substitute for the more The second tract attacks without ,spiritual doctrine which they seek gloves, (1) the religious cant, hypoc- to displace by monistic philosophy.

risy and greed rampant in the land; The aim of the book is essentially the sloth, impurity and formalism; serious, but the spirit of good humor (2) the purdah system; (3) the does not hinder the author from being entire institution of caste; (4) the brutally frank in exposing the fallacies joint family system; and (5) it advo- of some contemporary schools. Here cates marriage by choice on a basis is an example: of earned livelihood by both men and "Socrates: 'And what is emotion?

women, with the ,strict limitation of What is love, aspiration, the appreci- issue. ation of beauty?'"

The tracts give no evidence of pro- "Dr. Behaviorist: 'Just the behavfound thinking, or of any agony of ior of the gut. Or, if you object to soul, or of any great personal sacrifice plain talk, you may call emotion, visas yet made, and therefore are not of ceral reverberation. That's all any permanent significance. They are emotion is.' " signs of future movements of a pro- Only those who have studied modern founder nature. . Such tracts, how- philosophical theories will appreciate ever, create in the mind and heart the keen, thrusts in this first chapter. of the writer a profund disquietude The second describes Mr. Layman's regarding the present state of mind Adventures in the New Theology, also and heart of the Christian Church in in dialogue form. Three shorter chap- America. We have not begun to ex- ters follow, in one of which we have a plore the unsearchable riches which di,scussion on missions held in a Chiare in Christ. Our petty denomina- nese temple, by a monk, a missionary, tional differences, the large expend- and a promoter. The brief final iture on church conferenecs and as- chapter is a translation of a long-lost semblies, with so little accomplished; Buddhist Pali Sutta which, if authenour niggardly gifts in the great causes tic, would seem to indicate that the and our self-complacency should keep present Buddhist canon "gives a far us humble in the face of those who too monkish picture of the teaching of differ from us. the Founder." S. M. Z.

Christ is sufficient for the ills both of India and America-but His Word "So Send I You." A Series of Missionary Studies by Oswald Chambers. 176 pp. must live within us. E. D. L. Simpkin Marshall, Ltd. London.

Adventures in Philosophy and Religion. The author has opened to us his By James Bissett Pratt. 263 pp. own deep experience of the Bible and Price, $2.00. Macmillan. New York. God's own Spirit in this timely and almost startling call to unqualified The author, professor of philosophy personal devotion to Jesus Christ. at Williams and vice-president of the Mr. Chambers fir,st describes God's American Philosophical Association, voice which the soul can hear only is well-known in mission circles from when it is attuned to Him. Then folbis recent book "The Pilgrimage of

lows a searching scrutiny of insidious Directory of Protestant Missions in China, mistakes that prevent full allegiance 1930. Edited by Chas. L. Boynton for to Christ with a positive exposition of the National Christian Council.' 8 vo. what this fellowship means. "The 217 pp. 14 Peking Road, Shanghai. reason we do not make disciples is that 1930. we are not disciples ourselve·s, we are out for our own ends." The magnitude but not the vitality of the missionary enterprise in China The second half of the book carries is revealed in this small but very usethis same rigid analysis into the or- ful volume. They have listed the 200 ganized missiona y enterprise with societies and officers, the thousand 01" the same stirring reiteration that un- mo e m:ssion stations ge~grJ.phb"l'y deviating obedience to God is the only arranged, the names and addresses of effedive purpose and method. 6,000 missionaries and information as to interdenominational and national Missionary enterprise on the line of committees and organizations. A sumeducation and healing and social amelio- mary of missionary statistics would be ration is magnificent, but it is secondary a valuable addition to the Directory. and the danger is to give it the first place. The temptation is more subtle O.tasien Jahrbuch, 1931 is the tenth today than ever it has been, ~ecause the annual Yearbook of the Ostasien Miscountries of the world are bemg opened sion (Allgemeiner Ev.-Protestantup as never before … it is putting men's ischer missionsverein). Dr. Devarneeds first, and that is the very heart anne edits this Yearbook which is deand kernel of the temptation Satan voted to the work of the society which brought to our Lord. Our Lord's first it represents. It contains very useful obedience was not to the needs of men, articles by different contributor·s. but to the will of His Father . . . The introduction of civilization, without the IPLAYS and II emphasis on living the life hid with Christ in God,. tends to increase the power of evil because it covers it with a veil of refinement.

One wishes the tenderness under- lying it all might have been more HANDWORK fully expressed and also that the Of special value for use in expanded sessions,week day orvacation schools, phraseology were such as to appeal to or in regular Sunday sessions.

a wider group of students and modern readers. M. W. H. H.

The Japan Mission Year Book. Edited by PLAYS Paul S. Mayer. 8 vo. 391 pp. Kyo Bun Kwan, Ginsa, Tokyo. 1930. HIS BOOK, a story of the Biblein Mexico. 10 cents. AMELIDA. work of a Sunday .school missionary Thirty authors lend the weight of their study and experience to this among immig-rants. ~~ eellts. valuable annual. Japan is a land of PEPITA'S ADVENTURE IN FRIENDSHIP. the influence of a mission in the lives of Mexicans in the U. S. 21 cents.

'Vrite for free list of other plays.

intricate problems and vast possibili- HANDWORK ties. The general survey here presented gives us an insight into these Home cut outs: JRoanese. African. Chinese9 Alaska Eskimo. 25 cents each.

problems–economic, educational, so- PICTURE MAPS cial, political and religious. Mr. Ka- Lar/!:,e decorative maps (S'lx50 inches) in bold outgawa writes of the Labor Movement line to be colored, wittI a sheet of twenty or and Dr. Axling of the Kindom of God more pi(·turt!s to be cut ont, eolared and pasted Campaign. Formosa is in the Direc- on the map. llaps are now ready for the foltory and surveys but Korea now pub- lowing ('ouDides: lishes a separate Year Book. The reports are encouraging and are worth Africa. Caribbean Islands. Philippine Islands, North reading. The statistics and directory Americ-a. India, Latin America, The World. 50 cents each.

FRIENDSHJP PRESS 150 Fifth Ave., New York make it of added value for reference.

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The Missionary Review of the World — December 1930

Yo," 00urte8Y oj Tiffany Studios, New o holy Child of

1IIII1I1IIIII1I1I1III1I1I11Il1I1I1lll1lll:1IIl1lll1lll1lll1lll1lll1lll1l1lll1lll1l1lll1lll1lll1l1l1l1l1l111: ~ Remarkable C!Cbri£itma£i <!&fftr T HROUGH a special arrangement with the publishers we are able to offer readers and their friends the oppor- tunity of obtaining the well-known biog- raphy of Dan Crawford Missionary and Pioneer in Central Africa This book is written by Dr. G. E. Tils- ley, F.R.G.S., of Central Africa, and is the Life Story of one of the Greatest Mission- aries since Livingstone. Read what Jean Kenyon Mackenzie says: "The adventures of an ardent youth who at less than twenty was a pioneer in Central Africa and at less than twenty-live was a veteran-and who was known to be among the tribes he served, to the end of his lifty- three years~the like of such material would be hard to lind. Here is no common book and reading of it will have no common ef- fect. Here is the inimitable Dan Crawford speaking in his own deeply moving fashion of the things of Africa."

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Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writin£ to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY PERSONAL REVIEW OF THE WORLD FRANK B. KELLOGG was elected a Judge of the World Court on Septem- DIILAVAN L. PIBBSON, Editor ber 17th to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Charles Evans ARTHUR J. BROWN, lffd£tor lor 1930 Hughes, and on September 25th, he was chosen to serve a full term of nine CONTENTS-December, 1930 years beginning January 1st when the other term expires. He has accepted the Page appointment.

FRONTISPIECE – ALL NATIONS SHALL Though Mr. Kellogg is seventy-four years old, his election was considered COME AND WORSHIP BEFORE THEE.. 884 highly desirable because the Court may be called upon to interpret the Pact A CHRISTMAS MESSAGE ………. . which bears his name. The other Judges ……………. ARTHUR J. BROWN 885 chosen for the nine-year term include nine from Europe, three from Latin YESTERDAYS IN HOME MISSIONS … America and two from the Far East.

• •.•.••.•••.•••.• WII~LIAM R. KING 886 *** WORLD. CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE RT. REV. FRANK W. CREIGHTON, FOREIGN MISSIONS ……….. . D.D., Bishop of Mexico, has been asked by the Presiding Bishop of the Protes- • •••••••.• RALPH E. DIFFIlNDORFER 893 tant Episcopal Church to take over, in addition to his oversight of that mis- GLIMPSES OF THE YEAR IN THE sionary district, the new office of Domes- COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME tic Secretary at the Church Missions MISSIONS … FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 896 House, and give his organizing and ad- ministrative ability to that task. YEAR'S WORK OF THE FEDERATION EOIFGNWOMMISESNIO'SNSBO.A.R. .D.S. . .O.F. . .F.O. .R.· *** · ………….. FLORENCE G. TtLER 899 DR. WILLIAM NESBITT CHAMBERS' Ju- UP FROM SAVAGERY IN PAPUA …. bilee was celebrated in connection with ………….. DELAVAN L. P.ERSON 903 the annual meeting of the Syria section of the Near East Mission and the Evan- CENTENARY OF AMERICAN PROTES· gelical Union of pastors and preachers, TANT MISSIONS IN CHINA ….. To mark his fifty years of work for the Armenians they planned and carried out • ••..•• KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE 912 a delightful service. A sketch of his life was given by one of their number who ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF MORMON· had been associated with him for thirty ISM …….. EDWARD LA"'D MILLS 917 years. At the close they presented him with a cane beautifully inscribed. THE .GRI!lAT WORK OF THE NEAR EAST .RELIEF: WHAT IS TO *** FOLLOW IT? … JAMES L. BARTON 922 DR. TOYOHIKO KAGAWA, eminent Japa- BETHLEHEM'S CHURCH OF THE NA· nese author, Christian saint and social . TIVITY … NANCY VIRG.NIA AUSTEN 926 prophet, is to visit America again next year. He will be one of the speakers at MISSIONS A BACKGROUND FOR the World's Y. M. C. A. Conference, at WORLD PEACE …………… . Cleveland, in August. He has just com- ….. MRS. SCHUYLER C. WOODHULL 929 pleted two books in Japanese, "God and the Gospel of Divine Love," an intro· ANNUAL REPORT – AMERICAN MIS· duction to the New Testament, and SION TO LEPERS ………….. 932 "Meditations About God," of which twenty thousand copies of each have CHINESE REDS BEHEAD WOMEN been printed. MISSIONARIES …………….. 933 TOPICS OF THE TIMES …………. 934 RETROSPECT RETURN OF EDITOR PIERSON DOES GANDHI RSPRESENT ALL INDIA?

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THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING OBITUARY COMPANY, INC. DR. JAMES HENDERSON, Principal of ROBIIRT E. SPUR, Pr••iden' Lovedale Missionary Institution, Cape Province, Africa, passed away suddenly WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President at Lovedale, July 19. The high stand- DIILAVAN L. PIIIBSON, 8ecrdaf"'JI ards associated witlr the school have WALTIIB McDOUGA.LL, Trt1aBurer been directly due to the personal influ- ence, the untiring industry and business Publication Ornce, 3d '" Reily St., Harrisburg, ability of Dr. Henderson. He has had Pa. 2lic a cop,.. $2.50 a year. the benefit of the fullest cooperation of his wife, who survives him; and one of Editorl"l and BURlnes. Ornce, 1118 Fifth Avenue, his daughters who is on the staff of the New York Cit,. Institute.

Entered as second·cla•• matter at the Past Ornce. Harrisburg, Pa., under Act ot March S, 1879. Nearly Seven MWlon you buy TODAY •• Dollars in WILL Annuity Agreements SAVE A LIFE TOMORROW Issued By YOUR health tomorrow The Mission Boards of the may depend upon the Methodist Episcopal Church constant and persistent fight WHY? against tuberculosis today.

Because the Annuity Plan Provides: BUY CHRISTMAS SEALS FIGHT TUBERCULOSIS A sound investment A guaranteed income for life A gift to Home and Foreign Missions F or further infortfU}tion write: W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa., or MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y.

Africa Inland Mission URGENTLY NEEDED Headquarters 373 Carlton Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. A qualified woman missionary physician for a woman's hospital Missionaries, 200; African laborers, in Jhansi, United Provinces, In- 600, preaching and teaching the great dia, to sail not later than January, essentials of the Scriptures in 25 dia- 1931. A short-term worker for lects in East and Central Africa. two or three years would be con- Bible schools, hospitals and many sidered. dispensaries operated. The hope of Africa lies in the knowledge of an Correspondence should be adalmighty Redeemer, of a whole Bible dressed to: and a spirit-filled native ministry. Mrs. F. H. Marston, Candidate Inland Africa and other literature Secretary, Woman's Union mailed free on request Missionary Society of Amer- ica, Room 315, Bible House, AWork of Faith in Dark Africa New York City- Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TUII WORLD in writine to advertisers. o little town of Bethlehem, Descend on us, we pray; How still we see thee lie; Cast out our sin, and enter in, Above thy deep and dreamless sleep Be born in us today.

The silent stars go by: We hear the Christmas angels Yet in thy dark streets shineth o The great glad tjdings tell; The everlasting light; come to us, abide with us, The hopes and fears of all the years Our Lord Emmanuel.

Are met in Thee tonight. -Bishop Phillips Brooks.

LIII, No. 12 December

A CHRISTMAS MESSAGE £il.SoCf HthReISdaTyMiAn Smaapnpyrolaacnhdess,- I picture to myself the observance the hymns that will be sung, the prayers that will be offered, the giving and receiving of pres- ents, and the joyous gatherings about family tables. I think too of the longings that will be in many hearts for loved ones far away.

I know that while some will spend the day in happy circumstances, others will spend it in illness or anxiety; but I also know that He who was born in Bethlehem 1900 years ago ever liveth to give just the blessing that each one will need.

Should not the time which we commemorate as the anniversary of the birth of our Lord and Saviour inspire us anew with the joy that His coming meant for the world, give us a richer sense of His companionship, lead us to value anew our fellowship with one an- other in the Gospel as co-workers together with God. No matter what the future may bring, "my God shall supply every need of yours according to His riches in glory in Christ Jesus." Not some of your needs but "every" one; not in scanty measure but "accord- ing to his riches in glory in Christ Jesus." What more can the be- liever ask?

The difficulties that beset missionary work just now are many.

Instead, however, of allowing ourselves to be depressed by them, should we not feel that they constitute a new challenge to our faith?

That eminent Chinese Christian, Chang Po-ling, has well said: "To be sure, it is a discouraging outlook just now. But why should we let go of our faith because things look so bad? If everything looked promising we might do without faith. In discouraging times, when all we see is depressing, is the very time when faith helps most.

Right now is exactly the time to have faith."

In Irvin Bachellor's "Dawn," a historical tale of the days when the Son of God walked upon earth, the principal character, Doris, who had given her heart to Jesus and consecrated her life to His service, said to a scoffer who had declared that Christ's sayings were not original: "I have felt the power of His Word. If His sayings were in the writings of Hillel, they were dead. He raised them from their grave and put life into them and set them traveling through the world. Not all the Legions of Rome can stop them."

Thank God that this was true, and that if all the Legions of Rome could not stop them in the first century, neither can all the powers of earth stop them in the twentieth. Let us face the New Year with serene and unwavering faith in our blessed Lord, and with re- newed confidence in His guiding hand. A. J. B.

885

IN HOME

BY THE REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D.D.

Executive Secretary of the Home lJfi8Sio118 OouncU T HE North American Home tend her sway. Twelve priests Missions Congress in Wash- came with Columbus on his second ington' December 1-5, fur- voyage and began the evangelizanishes a fit occasion for a glance tion of the natives. The romantic backward over the road already story of Roman Catholic missions traveled in our 300 years of home in North America in those early missions history, as well as for a years falls into two parts-the look forward to the great stretches Spanish missions in the South and that are ahead. the French missions in the North. Whatever may be said of the meth- We Americans are so absorbed ods of those early missions, we with our todays and so anxious must admire the devotion and herabout our tomorrows, that we are oism of those Jesuit and Franprone to forget our yesterdays. ciscan fathers, who gave their lives Even churches and mission boards to plant the cross on these shores may become so burdened with pres- and bring the Gospel to the beent tasks and current budgets, and nighted red men of the western so concerned about the problems world. that are ahead, that they fail to remember "the years of the right Protestant Missions in North hand of the Most High." It is well America fall into periods of about for us to stop once in awhile and one hundred years each. The turnrecall the past. The surest cure of ing points are marked by centuries. pessimism in missionary work is a knowledge of missionary history. FIRST PERIOD 1607-1717 Protestantism Comes to America There is nothing more reassur- ing than the history of the plant- Two general causes led to the ing of the Church on these shores, coming of Protestants to America and its triumphant march across -theological controversies, and the continent. It is a romantic and the consequent political persecuthrilling story that will richly re- tions in Europe. These persecuted ward all who read it. The begin- Protestants sought asylum in nings are shrouded in mystery. America, where they could "wor- When, where and by whom the first ship God according to the dictates Christian message was preached of their own consciences, with none on the American continent is only to molest them or make them conjecture. There is a tradition afraid." They settled along the Atthat missionaries from Greenland lantic seaboard from Maine to visited the coast of New England Georgia-English Episcopalians in during the 12th and 13th centuries, Virginia, Puritans in New Engand preached to the natives. land, Dutch in New York, and Quakers in Pennsylvania. Crude The discovery of America by homes were built, little churches Columbus in 1492 marks the his- were erected, and a primitive civitoric beginning of Christian mis- lization was begun. The people sions on this continent. Rome took were scattered and hard to reach. advantage of the discovery to ex- 886

YESTERDAYS IN HOME MISSIONS

Missionary activities during this The more earnest among these first century were confined to the pioneer preachers made tours into Indian tribes and the scattered set- the outlying regions and up and tlers along the Atlantic coast. down the rivers, preaching to little Among the more noted preachers groups here and there in the wil- to the Indians during this period derness and organizing churches were: Roger Williams (1639)- as they could. Among the more founder of the Baptist Church in noted of the missionaries of this America, John Campanius (1643) period were: Spangenberg (1735) -Swedish Missionary to the Dela- -pioneer Moravian missionary in ware Indians, Megapolensis (1642) Georgia, Nitschmann (1735)- -Missionary of the Dutch Re- bishop of the Moravian Church in formed Church to the Indians in Pennsylvania, Muhlenberg (1742) New York, John Elliott (1649)- -Moravian pioneer in Pennsyl- Apostle to the Indians, Francis vania, David Brainerd (1743)- Makenie (1681)-father of Amer- saint and missionary to the Indians ican Presbyterianism, and William of the Delaware, Zeisberger Penn (1682)-Quaker Governor of (1746)-for 62 years missionary Pennsylvania and friend to the In- among 13 Indian tribes of the dians. North, and Otterbein-pietist of the Reformed Church and one of SECOND PERIOD 1717-1817 the founders of the United Breth- Protestant Missions Reach the ren Church in 1800.

Mississippi Early Missions in Canada At the beginning of the eight- Protestant missions began in eenth century, small missionary Canada after the expUlsion of the funds called "Pious Funds" were Arcadians in 1710. The Anglicans established to aid the little were the first to enter, in 1710; churches around New York and then followed the Congregational- Philadelphia. With the establish- ists in 1750; Presbyterians in mentof these funds the second cen- 1764 ; Methodists in 1772; and tury of American Missions may be the Baptists, after one or two vain said to have begun. The first one efforts, became established in was sent over from Scotland by the 1778. These beginnings in New Presbyterians, out of which the Brunswick and Nova Scotia were first home mission grant was made attended by great hardships and in 1717, to the First Presbyterian many discouragements. Ministers Church of New York, worshiping were few and hard to get; the peoat that time in the town hall. ple were scattered; the Roman Catholic Church was firmly en- During this second period, there was no organized Home Missions. trenched. The only work done was by local Among the leaders in the far preachers, who at their own expense and initiative made short north in the 18th century were: itinerations into the regions round William Tutly (1710), Henry Alabout. There were no roads, no line (1770), William Black (1772), means of travel, save on foot or James Murdock (1776), and Nicho- las Pierson (1778).

horseback, or along the rivers in Scotch-Irish Immigration crude canoes, or up and down the Between 1730 and 1770, 500,000 coast in small sailing vessels. Scotch-Irish immigrants settled

in New England, Pennsylvania, terians were strong in the section Southwest Virginia, North Caro- at that time. John B. Finley, the lina, Tennessee and Kentucky. By first presiding elder of the Meth- 1763 a Zone of Presbyterian odists, said in 1812: "The County churches stretched from New Eng- is full of Calvinists and Universal- land to the frontiers of Georgia, ists and the Presbyterian influence and these early pioneers had is so great the Methodists can pushed to the crest of the Alle- scarcely live." The first Reformed ghenies and were beginning to Church in Ohio was organized by push down into the valleys beyond. the Rev. Jacob Christman in 1803.

The first to penetrate the wilder- ness were the "Long Hunters," Organization of Mission Boards followed by the surveyors and then During the latter part of this by the settlers. Four streams of second period of Home Missions in immigrants poured through the North America, there were organ- Mohawk Valley, Southwestern ized a number of missionary agen- Pennsylvania, the valley of Vir- cies for church extension into the ginia, and at:,ound the mountains new regions. One of the first was into Georgia and Alabama. the Society of the United Brethren in 1745. Then followed in order In 1790, the first census of the the Committee of the Reformed United States gave to that section General Synod (1786), Episcopal the following distribution of popu- Committee on Missions (1792), lation: Southwest Pennsylvania 62,218, Western Virginia, 55,873, Missionary Society of Connecticut Kentucky (below Licking River) (1798), Standing Committee on 73,677, and Tennessee (1795) 66,- Home Missions of the Presbyterian 549. Church (1802), Massachusetts Settlement of Ohio Valley Baptist Missionary Society (1809), There were few settlers north and the American Board of Comof the Ohio prior to the Revolution. missioners for Foreign Missions In spite of treaty agreements, (1810) .

England held the forts and incited National Events the Indians against the settlers for ten years after the Treaty of Paris. During the last quarter of the The Ohio Company, formed in Bos- 18th century and the first quarter ton, March 1, 1786, bought the of the 19th, a number of important events took place that radically af- Western Reserve. That year Mari- fected the nation and did much to etta, Ohio, was founded and a Con- make possible the great home misgregational church was organized mionary movements of the 19th with 31 members. Eleven years century. Among them the followlater an academy was founded. By ing were the most outstanding: 1800, 35 of the 103 townships of the Revolution in 1776, the adopthe Western Reserve had 10,000 tion of the Constitution in 1789, people. The census of 1800 gave the Louisiana Purchase in 1802, Ohio Territory 43,365 popUlation. The Methodist circuit riders the Lewis and Clark Expedition in went into this section, and by 1812 1805-6, the opening of free lands had an organized conference with in Ohio, and the War of 1812.

30,000 church members, 69 circuits The outstanding home mission- and 100 preachers. The Presby- aries of the last quarter of the

YESTERDAYS IN HOME MISSIONS

18th and the early years of the "The whole country from Lake 19th century were: Francis Asbury Erie to the Gulf of Mexico is a (1772-1816)-first Bishop and valley of the shadow of death.

founder of American Methodism, Darkness rests upon it. It has more Samuel Doak (1775)-founder of than a million inhabitants, and is Washington College, Tenn., Jona- increasing every day from a than Mulkey, Andrew Baker and mighty flood of emigrants." There Edward Kelly, (1776)-pioneer were, he declared, districts east of Baptist preachers in Southwest the Mississippi, through which he Virginia, Gideon Blackburn (1792- passed, of from 20,000 to 50,000 1810)-apostle to the Cherokees people without a single preacher.

in Tennessee, Bishop McKendree These tours of Mills and his stir- (1800) -second Bishop and co- ring appeals led to the great home worker with Asbury, and Peter missionary movements of the 19th Cartwright (1805)-pioneer Cir- century, and bring us to the next cuit Rider in Tennessee and Ken- great period.

tucky. THIRD PERIOD 1817-1917 Migration Westward With the passing of colonial gov- Home Missions Become National ernment and the organization of Following Mills' reports of the the Federal States Government, religious destitution of the new sec- there began a movement of popula- tions being populated so rapidly, tion toward the West. This was there came into existence within greatly increased by the hard times the next few years several home following the War of 1812. War missionary boards and societies prices, the faIling off in trade, the charged with the responsibility of long embargo, the inhuman law of sending missionaries into the new imprisonment for debt, the burden regions. The Massachusetts and of taxation, and the opening of Connecticut Missionary Society, free land in Ohio, all gave impetus under which Mills labored, was al- to this migration, which for a time ready in existence. Then followed threatened to depopulate the At- the organization of the American lantic Coast states. The roads were Bible Society (1816), Presbyterian lined with wagons and people go- Board of Home Missions (1816), ing West. Missionary and Bible Society of Samuel J. Mills the Methodist Episcopal Church The missionary pathfinder of (1819), American Sunday School that period was Samuel J. Mills, Union (1824), American Tract So- the first great apostle to the south- ciety (1825), Congregational Home west. Disappointed in not being Missionary Society (1826), Amer- able to go to the foreign field, he ican Missionary Society of the Re- gave himself to the study of con- formed Church (1826), Board of ditions in his own country. In 1812 Domestic Missions of the Reformed and 1813, he made two journeys Church in America (1831), and from his home in Connecticut as American Baptist Home Mission far west as the Mississippi, and as Society (1832).

far south as New Orleans. Upon The first missionary to labor be- his return to the East, he pled for yond the Mississippi was Salmon missionaries to be sent to the great Giddings, who went out under the and growing southwest. He said: American Board in response to an

appeal from an earnest Presby- the Latter Day Saints, have been terian layman in St. Louis. On the subject of books, magazine November 17, 1817, he organized articles, and missionary literature the First Presbyterian Church of in large abundance. St. Louis, which is the oldest Prot- . Then followed the Bidwell party estant Church west of the Missis- In 1841, the Donner party in 1846, sippi with continuous history and and the gold rush to California in the mother of Protestantism in 1849. For a half century these mithat great western region. This grations kept up until the entire was the beginning of the great West was peopled. century of organized Home Missions, which was to see the Church Church Extension firmly planted throughout the con- During the last century, home tinent and even as far north as missionary work was largely de- Point Barrow, Alaska. nominational church extension. It consisted almost entirely in the On the Trail of the Covered Wagon planting of churches in the new Following closely upon the or- territories and in the effort to keep ganization of these mission boards up with the population in its westbegan the great trek of the Covered ward march. The Church, during Wagon across the continent. One those romantic years, was on the . hundred years ago this year, that trail of the Covered Wagon. As romantic movement began. On new territories were opened up and April 30, 1830, the first wagoners new communities settled, the misstarted from St. Louis, led by W. sionaries planted churches. In fact, L. Sublette, with a caravan of some of these early missionary twelve wagons, twelve head of cat- pioneers, like Marcus Whitman, tle for food, and eighty-one men. were colonizers and active promot- ers of western migration. Whit- About this time there sprang up man's great feat in crossing the that strange cult of Mormonism, Rockies with a covered wagon and which has played such a prominent opening up the Oregon trail to the part in home mission history for a Northwest is an outstanding excentury. Originating with Joseph ample of the place of the home mis- Smith, in New York State one hun- sionary in the early history of the dred years ago this year (1930 ) , West. The history of the West and passing through successive during the first half of the 19th stages in Illinois and Missouri, it century cannot be written without finally found its permanent home giving a large place to those brave in Utah. On July 24, 1847, Brig- home missionary adventurers who ham Young, and his band of work- with unsurpassed courage endured ers and travel-weary pilgrims, the hardness of those rough and stood on a foot hill of the Wasach primitive days, while planting the Mountains, overlooking the great Salt Lake Valley, and exclaimed: Church on the plains, in the moun- "This is the place." Soon after, tains and in the frigid regions of home missionaries began their Alaska. Immigration work among the Mormons of Utah.

The story of its sufferings, the ro- Another movement, which mance of its migration, the re- mightily affected Home Missions markable growth of the Church of and added to the responsibilities of

YESTERDAYS IN HOME MISSIONS

our Home Mission Boards during testify to the work of the faithful this great missionary century, was home missionary of the 19th cen- the coming of foreigners. From tury.

1821-1910, there came to America Women, from the beginning, from Europe a total of 27,870,598 have been in the forefront of all people. Prior to 1882, most of missionary activity, both home and these came from Northern and foreign. Their work was carried Western Europe. After that date, on for many years in connection immigration came largely from with the so-called "men's boards"

Southern Europe. In 1920, the for- of the various denominations. The eign-born from southern and south- first woman's home mission board western Europe numbered about or national society was organized 5,000,000. This influx of popula- in 1877. Since that date, women's tion introduced many new and dif- home mission boards have been or- ficult problems for the Church, as ganized in many of the denomina- well as for the State. Three-fifths tions. The women's boards have of them settled in New England always been interested particularly and the Middle Atlantic states, in specialized types of work, such very largely in the cities, thus cre- as schools, hospitals, social centers, ating both city and industrial prob- and for special groups of un- lems. Missions among the new privileged peoples, such as the Americans have played a large and Indians, Mountaineers, Mormons, important part in Home Mission Alaskans, Negroes, Migrants, Mex- work during this third period. icans and Orientals.

With the Spanish-American War FOURTH PERIOD-1908 in 1898, the West Indies, Cuba, Santo Domingo, Haiti, and Porto Home Missions Become' Cooperative Rico were added to our Home Mis- Not quite a quarter of a century sion responsibility. For 300 years, has passed of this present period, these Islands had been under the but enough has been accomplished rule of Spain and the dominance of in the line of interdenominational the Roman Catholic Church. comity and cooperation to indicate The list of men and women of the new trend in Home Missions.

this heroic period of Home Mis- There is, without question, a "new sions is too large to include in this Home Missions," and the chief brief outline; it would require characteristic of it is cooperation.

pages even to list them. Among The old time rivalry is passing. A the most outstanding names of the new spirit is dominant. Denomina- period were: Bishop William Tay- tional boards are no longer com- lor, Lee, Whitman, Spaulding, Mc- peting as they once did in church Beth, Cooke, Harwood, Jackson, extension, or denominational ex- McFarland, Young, and Kemper. pansion; they are cooperating in The record of their accomplish- a constantly developing team work ments can never be adequately for the conquest of America for written. Today, thousands of Jesus Christ and His Kingdom.

churches, hundreds of thousands of Twenty-seven of the major de- church members, a vast host of nominations, and thirty~three consecrated, able ministers and home mission and church extension teachers, and a magnificent civili- boards are constituent members of zation west of the Mississippi, all the Home Missions Council.

During these first twenty-two North American Home Missions years of cooperative home mis- Congress, and the adjustments of sions, much has been accomplished. churches in small communities by Intensive surveys have been made mergers and exchanges so as to of the home mission fields, a num- eliminate competition and make it ber of states have organized home possible for every community to missions councils, territories have have an adequate ministry of the been allocated to the different de- Gospel. nominations, specific mission enterprises have been undertaken The most outstanding single jointly, important conferences have event in the history of American been held, and many other lines of Home Missions will be the North cooperative missions have been fol- American Home Missions Congress lowed. in Washington, D. C., in December of this year (1930). It will be the In addition to the regular going first time the denominations have program of the Home Missions ever gotten together for such an extended and thorough study of Council, there has been in full op- the common task of Home Miseration for the past three years sions. It will be for Home Missions the Five Year Program of survey what the Jerusalem Conference and adjustment consisting of five was for Foreign Missions. Just points-the organization of coun- what it will mean to the cause will cils in states and regions where be seen later; it should mark an there are none, the every commu- epoch and usher in a new day. nity survey of every state, the INDIAN VERSION OF 23RD PSALM As Translated from Indian Sign Language T HE Great Father above a I'll be afraid not, for it is in there Shepherd Chief is, I am His, between those mountains that the and with Him I want not. Shepherd Chief will meet me, and He throws out to me a rope, and the hunger I have felt in my heart the name of the rope is Love, and all through this life will be satis- He draws me, and He draws me, fied. Sometimes He makes the love and He draws me to where the rope into a whip, but afterwards grass is green and the water not He gives me a staff to lean on. dangerous, and I eat and lie down satisfied. He spreads a table before me with all kinds of food. He puts Sometimes my heart is very His hand upon my head and all the weak and falls down, but He lifts "tired" is gone. My cup He fills it up again and draws me into a till it runs over. good road. His name is wonderful. What I tell you is true. I lie not. These roads that are "away ahead" Sometime, it may be very soon, will stay with me through this life, it may be longer, it may be long, and afterward I will go to live in long time, He will draw me into a the "Big Tepee" and sit down with place between mountains. It is the Shepherd Chief forever.- dark there, but I'll draw back not, Presbyterian Advance.

CONDITIONS AFFECTING

MISSIONS BY THE REV. RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER. D.D.

Secretary 01 the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Ohairman oj the Committee of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign Missio-Its Oonference of NQrth Amef'10d ANY general statement with It is becoming increasingly clear reference to a movement that to far-sighted church leaders that is as world wide and varied the budget system of financing For- as Foreign Missions must, of ne- eign Missions is throwing the cessity, be subject to apparent limi- world mission of Christianity out tations and to possible correction. of perspective in the life and There are some in certain circles thought of the Church. In a world who cannot think of Foreign Mis- that is rapidly becoming a neigh- sions without raising questions re- borhood and will more and more garding its postulates-those fun- come to a common mind, the ex- damental principles which have pression of the Christians of a been the driving power of one of great country like the United the greatest single movements of States cannot much longer be con- modern times. There is no need fined to the small percentages now to consider these questions here, being set aside for Foreign Mis- except to point out that the unique sions in so-called unified budgets.

place of Jesus Christ as Lord and All over the country, questions are Saviour, of the religion which He being raised as to whether or not helped to establish, the Church the meager basis on which Foreign which He called into being, and the Missions are now being financed fellowship and life of which He is will ever bring the world to Christ.

the dynamic center, during recent The comparison of the total gifts months have been the subject of for Foreign Missions with the total more thought and meditation and expenditure of the churches in the prayer than possibly anything else United States shows such a piti- in the religious field. fully small proportion that one This is a good sign, for it is wonders whether the Church is ac- showing that the world mission of tually exercising its most states- Christianity in the future must manlike vision.

have a basis that is entirely defen- While definite figures are not sible intellectually and, at the same available, apparently the Roman time, arouse those definite emo- Catholic Church realizes the strat- tions and attitudes which give any egy of strengthening and extend- crusade its motive power. Con- ing its work throughout the world tacts with rei i g i 0 us leaders in the years following the World throughout the United States dur- War. Its missionary expansion has ing the past year lead me to feel been extraordinary, and one is con- that the spiritual basis of the world tinually impressed with its appar- mission of Christianity is of more ent unity of purpose, its inclusion concern today than ever before. No of the whole world in its activities, survey of Christian activity in and the loyal support given to its America can pass by this factor missionary enterprises. One never without notice. hears, at least on the surface, any 893

quarrel between "home and for- tinent but now the continent of eign" interests. Indeed there is no twentieth century opportunity; the such thing as a foreign mission as upheavals in Latin America; the a little segment of the life of a aggressive propaganda from Rus- "home base." Foreign Missions sia; Japan's concern over "danger- are conceived as propagating the ous thoughts"; the urge for free- faith and establishing the whole dom in the Philippines ;-not to life of the Church in foreign fields. recount the happenings in Europe Some strategy of this sort needs and in the United States. What now to be adopted by Protestant- concerns us is the effect of these ism. conditions upon the world mission Of even greater importance, the of Christianity.

Christian movement is now con- Rapid transportation, increased fronted with a worldwide spread of facilities for communication, the secularism, the core of which is gradual spread of the scientific the propaganda for materialistic point of view through modern edu- Communism. In some respects this cation, and, more especially, the is the greatest missionary move- rapid penetration of western in- ment in the world today, calling dustry and commerce into all the forth more' enthusiasm, devotion world are some of the powerful and self-sacrifice on the part of influences that lie back of what persons, and the spending of more are commonly called "disturb- money than almost any other simi- ances." Russia's efforts to raise up lar movement in modern times. a nation without religion, indeed The strategy here seems to be tak- antagonistic to all religion, must be ing into account the increasing reckoned with. Her doctrines are unity of the world in which we spreading like a praIrIe fire now live with propaganda methods throughout the Orient, Africa and adapted to modern life. Its in- Latin America. In Europe and the fluence is to be found everywhere. United States, they are challeng- Facing these two factors, the ing our complacency.

Protestant mISSIOnary societies Largely because the causes are throughout the world are finding so deep and so fundamental, these themselves increasingly embar- national struggles are sweeping be- rassed and unable to press the ad- fore them old traditions, old habits vantage which the present day of- of doing things, old ways of mak- fers. Difficulties seem to discourage ing a living, the sanctions of an- rather than to incite to greater ac- cient religions, and the hold of tivity and more sacrifice. old-time family control. Vast mul- There is no need to repeat here titudes of hitherto contented and the details of the political, social, inaccessible people are gradually, economic and moral upheavals now sometimes swiftly, taking on new rampant in one way or another, in attitudes toward life. The desire practically all countries of the for the abundant life has seized world: nationhood struggling for multitudes.

existence in China; the Nationalist Quite naturally, these world- movement toward independence in wide unsettled conditions create an India; the revolution in Mexico; extraordinary challenge to the Gos- the new Turkey; the awakening pel of Jesus. National preachers of Africa, no longer the Dark Con- everywhere are writing of evangel-

WORLD CONDITIONS AFFECTING FOREIGN MISSIONS

istic opportunities. Their helpers, ly into a group of modern nations. our missionaries, are calling for Most outstanding of all is Kagareenforcements. wa's "Kingdom of God Movement" Stanley Jones writes about "a in Japan. With his deep, personal, new seriousness" in India. He says Christian experience and his social that for the first time in his ex- passion and vision, the world may perience educated Indians are see realized in this day the larger doubting the hitherto unquestioned evangelism; that is, personal and place of religion in their life. social redemption.

The revolution in Mexico has It is a summons, the like of which the churches in the United gained for the lawabiding evan- States and Europe may not again gelical forces in the Republic a new hear in this generation. This is standing and a new dignity. They the summons to the larger evannever had such an opportunity to gelism, to which Dr. John R. Mott present the evangelical message referred in his address at the Refreely and openly, especially to the gional Retreat Conference near educated groups. Vincente Men- Peiping, China, in April, 1929: doza's recent evangelistic experience in San Luis Potosi can be re- "During my recent journeys, peated in every capital city of which have taken me to all but one Mexico. of the continents of the world, I have everywhere heard in unmis- To launch a five-year evangelistic movement under present conditions takable terms the summons to a in China not only shows the lead- larger evangelism. By larger evanership, the perseverance and deep religious insight of the Chinese gelism I have in mind not only the Christians, but challenges more numerical or quantitative aspect of than ever our fullest support. the subject, but also, and ~ven more, the intensive or qualitative. What certain agricultural mis- Expressed quite simply, this means sionaries are doing in a limited to make Jesus Christ known, loved, way can be repeated anywhere in trusted, obeyed and exemplified in Africa, and must be repeated if individual life and in humanrela- Africa is to develop sanely and ful- tionships."

A MISSIONARY'S PRAYER God of the far-flung Mission lines, grant us who serve Thee in the remote places patience. So much to be done, so few the hands, so short the time. Our souls are on leash-we struggle so.

Forgive us, whose eyes and hearts are full of the vision of the waiting need, if at times we question and doubt–question whether really the Church whose ambassadors we are wants US to advance when the opening ways offer limitless opportunities-doubt sometimes in our weariness of heart.

o Lord, stir Thou the hearts of Thy people at home, young and old-the old that they may give now in this day of Africa's awaiting-the young that they may rise up and say, "Here Lord, am I-send me!"

Our trust is in Thee. As, in Thy name, we have claimed individuals, families, and groups for Christ here in this land, so do we now, 0 God, lay a claim upon individual families, and groups in the homeland, that in this new decade they may dedicate themselves anew to Thee and to Thy Kingdom. With no obstacles before us, 0 may there be none behind!

So we pray, 0 Sovereign God, for Thy blessing upon all of us, and we confidently expect the evidence of Thy guidance and Thy power back in the Church where Thy servants live and work.

Forgive us, Father, if we have been cold, indifferent, dull of heart. In mercy forgive us all our sin. In the Master's name. Amen.-The Drum Call, Elat, West Africa.

OF THE YEAR IN THE

OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS BY MISS FLORENCE E. QUINLAN E{Cccutiv8 Secretary of the Oouncil oj Women for Home Missions Among Migrants educational problems render most I N 1920, eight women's boards interesting this comparatively new started to function cooperative- sphere of activity. ly in work among the migrant Not a small part of the service family groups in canneries and on is the continuous study of the whole truck farms in the United States. migratory problem and the con- This took the form of a cross be- stant stimulation of local and re- tween a day nursery and a Chris- gional groups to realize the prob- tian social center with clubs for lem and to initiate work in their older boys and girls and mothers. own districts. To the owner at one Beginning in the Chesapeake area, of our stations came the inspira- after a few years work was opened tion for a thorough-going research on the Pacific Coast, and during into the social and educational the past year in Colorado. Fifteen problems of migrant children boards are now financially cooper- through the creation of a research ating. fellowship, and so the young girl During this year, there have who had been executive for two been a score of 'stations: in Cali- summers at the center, a student fornia among Mexicans in lettuce from Winthrop College, South Car- and cantaloupe in the Imperial Val- olina, is doing graduate work at ley, in cotton in San Joaquin Val- Rutgers University, specializing in ley, groups in Kingsburg and Fowl- sociology, the migrant station her er among fourteen nationalities laboratory for developing an edu- including Orientals, working in cational program for migrant chil- asparagus in the Sacramento Val- dren.

ley, and white Americans in apri- In 1919, a survey conservatively cots at Hemet; in Oregon among estimated a thousand trained work- white Americans in hops, and ap- ers as needed properly to reach the ples in the Hood River Valley; in farm and cannery migrants. Since Colorado among Mexicans in sugar then, the number of these has beets; in Maryland and Delaware greatly increased. Is the Church among Poles in tomatoes, beans keeping pace with this increasing and apples, and Negroes in beans, privilege and responsibility?

tomatoes and sweet potatoes; in Among Indians New Jersey among Italians in blue- berry fields and cranberry bogs. A recent report of the Joint Problems of racial and national Committee on Indian Work of the Home Missions Council and the differences, of languages, of nomi- Council of Women for Home Misnal religious affiliation with non- sions summarizes some Indian evangelical churches, lack of ad- items as follows: justment between old-world cus- In a recent article on the American toms and new-world methods, and Indian there is the statement that economic, industrial, social, health, 896

THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

probably never has there been a race cational training of the boys and girls since time began who have passed in order that they may be economical- through such a series of life-changing ly independent after school, in de- experiences as have confronted North veloping native leadership by giving American Indians in the last three Indians real responsibility, and in pro- hundred years; to-day this race is moting all activities in such a way as being plunged into still another trans- will call forth self-expression from formation. Secretary of the Interior the·se people who have become so timed Wilbur announced a new policy for the and non-aggressive. Professor Ryan, Indian Bureau. "The Indian," he said, himself a devoted Christian, believes "should be developed into a self-re- that the religious and secular work specting American citizen merging must go hand in hand if the Indians gradually with the stock of the nation. are to be rehabilitated.

He should not be regarded indefinitely Organization of an Indian Service as a ward, but should individually be Committee of the Joint Committee to prepared for life among the rest of act as liaison body between ,mission us." Following this statement, and boards and the Government, and the the appointment of Mr. Charles J. mission boards themselves, has been Rhoads and Mr. J. Henry Scattergood effected.

as Indian Commissioners, the public Perhaps the most outstanding prog- has been demanding immediate re- ress in our work in government schools forms in Indian policy and Indian ad- this year has been the working out of ministration. Many have not realized a program of religious education for that the Indian question and Indian Sherman Institute, Riverside, Cali- Bureau are far too involved and com- fornia, largest of schools for the In- plicated to make rapid changes pos- dians. The superintendent signified sible . . . Certain fine achievements his willingness, when a plan for week- should be recognized. day courses in religious education was The Deficiency Bill, providing ad- presented, to give the necessary time ditional money for food and clothing and school credit. The courses began among Indian children and medical in January and have brought forth work among all Indians, has been much favorable C'omment both from passed. Many intricate legal matters the school authorities and the local are being studied in the attempt to committee in Riverside. Nineteen old- simplify them. Emphasis is being er boys and girls taking the teachers'

placed upon vocational training for training course were given practical young Indians, several experts having teaching experience through Sunday- been appointed for this work. school classes of younger children.

Mr. M. A. Welch has been placed in Four scholarships have been secured, the Twin Cities (Minneapolis-St. two of these for Hopis, the first boys Paul) as Guidance and Placement Of- of their tribe to receive higher educa- ficer. Mrs. Ruth Muskrat Bronson, in ti'Oll.

Kansas ,City holds a similar position The Meriam Survey emphasized as for girls. Dr. W. Carson Ryan, Jr., a one of the outstanding needs of In- noted educationalist, has accepted the dians that of associating with white position of Director of Education in people and learning to be at ease with the Indian Service, a matter of deep them. Our Director at Sherman has satisfaction to all. He favors remov- made a great point of bringing groups ing the younger children from board- of white people to the school and of ing schools as quickly as possible and taking the Indian boys and girls to placing them in day schools, using conferences and camps where they the boarding schools for higher and have learned to know friendly white vocational training. He believes in a students. At the request of the school, more highly trained personnel for the Mr. Burnett organized the first Boy entire service, in more thorough vo- Scout troops. He has acted as "Big 2

Chief." These boys have performed the Student Departments of the Y. many helpful pieces of community M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., the Counwork, and some thirty of them at- cil of Church Boards of Education, tended a Boy Scout camp last summer and the Student Volunteer Movewhere they won special recognition ment. In May, the exchange of for good sportsmanship and efficiency. thought was based upon "A Stu- There was no race prejudice evinced dent's Faith for Today," the leader by either the white or Indian boys. dividing students into four groups: those with an authoritarian back- The program at the Theodore Roose- ground; indifferent satiated stuvelt School, Fort Apache, Arizona, has dents; those in violent reaction to also developed most satj,sfactorily. their background; and skeptical, Many of these children who come from puzzled but reasonably openmindmost primitive conditions have shown ed students. In September, the dismarked signs of development. Some cussion was on the "Basis of Servhave even gone so far as to get up in ice for Students," emphasis being their meetings and ask for a song or laid upon the need to talk to stua game. This is a real achievement for dents as belonging to the human these silent, shy children. Two of the race, not different from others. girls attended a Girl Reserve conference in Arizona this summer. The Of late years it is increasingly girls had never experienced anything realized that Home Missions so wonderful in all their young lives, should be concerned with and reand the white girls felt a great in- lated to not only the religious and spiration in knowing intimately two racial problems and needs of the girls of the red race. nation, but also to the social and industrial. The Students-in-Indus- We see progress here and there in try project provides opportunity developing religious leadership among for a number of students thinking the young people. Haskell Institute, of full-time home mission service, Lawrence, Kansas, had 120 in its especially Christian social service, teachers' training course last year. to have first-hand contact with con- The director is now asking for pro- ditions in industry. Among the orvision for more study for those who ganizations represented in this wish to train themselves for religious project are the Student Departleadership among their people. We have not as yet been able to appoint ments of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. the two directors needed for the stu- W. C. A., the Federal Council of dents of Oklahoma, but are hoping the Churches of Christ in America, very much that this urgent need will American Friends Service Combe met during the coming year. mittee, Council of Church Boards of Education, Fellowship of Recon- Among Students ciliation, and the Council of Women for Home Missions. The Federated Student Committee, which meets three times a The Council of Women for Home year, is the clearing house for Missions is glad to receive names plans and policies of organizations of students-prospective missionthat approach women students, be- ary workers-who would like to ing composed of the committees on acquire personal experience in instudent work of the Federation of dustry as a basis for future service. Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions, the Council of Women for Home Missions, representatives of

YEAR'S WORK OF THE FEDERATION

WOMEN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS BY FLORENCE G. TYLER Ea:ccutlve Secretary 0/ the F eaerati on 01 Wom r,t.n's ROMds of Forefon Missions 01 North America.

I N REVIEWING the work of pher's College, while Isabella Tho- the Federation of Woman's burn College prepares its students Boards of Foreign Missions of to vie for honors with the men North America for the past year students of Lucknow University, the high lights are perhaps the the women capturing at least a fair work of the Committee on Chris- share of the honors. The Women's tian Literature for Women and College of Tokyo has the largest Children in Mission Fields and enrollment, numbering 400 stu- the World Day of Prayer. Deep dents this year. It has a faculty interest has centered for years com})osed almost entirely of na- around the seven Union Christian tionals, with only five or six Amer- Colleges for Women in the Orient, icans on the staff. Its graduates which have all been able to pur- are serving in almost every field.

sue their courses of study unin- terruptedly in spite of disturbed conditions in China and India.

Ginling College has continued its work in Nanking, the storm cen- ter of the country, under the able leadership of Dr. Yi-fang Wu, the President and successor to Mrs.

Lawrence Thurston who gave DR. YI-FANG WU. PRESIDENT OF wonderful years of service toward GINLING COLI.EGE the building up of the college, and who, more than any other The Federation has played a large person, is responsible for the splen- part in building up and holding the did leadership it has produced. interest of American women in Mrs. Thurston continues at Ginling these colleges, turning into their in an executive capacity, glvmg coffers annually thousands of dol- valuable aid and counsel in the lars, though carrying none of the Department of Education. responsibility for their operation Mrs. Frame has returned to Yen- or actual maintenance.

ching after a year's absence, and In student centers in America, that College continues its work in another committee of the Federa- close cooperation with Yenching tion has been stimulating interest University, in Peiping. in the foreign students who are The India colleges are filled to making their homes temporarily capacity. Vellore is proceeding on in our country, during the period its building program. Madras is in which they are preparing for devoting itself more exclusively to lives of usefulness in their own science and the arts, having given countries. Ten thousand of these over its educational department to students of approximately 80 na- the child of its heart, 8t. Christo- tionalities are forming their im- 899

pressions of so-called "Christian sciousness and the group spirit are America." To have the opportunity built up, while extensive opporof entertaining them in our homes, tunity for the propagation of the and of knowing them as friends Christian religion abounds in the and guests, is one of the greatest all day contact. opportunities ever placed at the doors of the Christian Church, or An interesting study of the at the doors of a people who desire problems of the missionary candithe friendship of the world. The date before going to the field and Foreign Student Committee of the in the first years of work is· being Federation has done a great deal in made by the Committee on Mis- sionary Preparation. The Comthe past year in cementing these mittee will make an effort by the international friendships and giv- case work method, to find why a ing these students, in different cen- goodly number of missionaries do ters all over the country, the oppor- not return after their first furtunity of seeing a Christian home lough; also what preparation is at its best. given to candidates to meet the special problems of the country to The efficacy of the missionary which they go and how much they work of many denominations has know of the cultural backgrounds been increased by making better of the people to whom they are exsocial conditions possible for young pected to minister. The Committee is headed by Mrs. Agnes C. L.. Christians through economic bet- Donohugh of the Hartford School terment. Industrial workrooms have played quite a part in this of Missions. program. To produce marketable Through its Committee on Intergoods at a reasonable price and to find a market for these productions national Relations the Federation has taxed the ingenuity of many stimulates attendance at the anof the missionaries who are deeply nual conference on the Cause and interested in this branch of work. Cure of War, and brings to the at- On the Federation's Industrial tention of mission boards matters Products Committe there are four referring to Peace, Arbitration, women who have had first hand ex- Moving Pictures and Race Relaperience in this line of work in China, and a number of others who tions. have seen these workrooms in oper- The Central Committee on the ation. These women are working through the Federation's Commit- United Study of Foreign Missions, tee toward some degree of stand- while somewhat independent in orardization of this industry. They ganization, its members being aphope to turn the efforts of such in- pointed by the cooperating Boards, dustrial missions toward the type is nevertheless avery vital part of of product most saleable here and the Federation. For thirty years to open new markets for their it has been putting out books for goods in this country. the study of Foreign Missions. This year's books-"A Cloud of Those whose experience is first Witnesses," by Elsie Singmaster, hand tell us that much beside eco- and "The Treasure Hunt," by Mrs. nomic betterment is accomplished Seeback-have had splendid' sales through these workrooms. Neat- and wide use. "A Cloud of Wit- ness is engendered, group con- nesses" will be used as source ma- terial for some time to come. The

FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS

Central Committee has also pub- magazine reaches approximately lished this year a number of books one million readers, ranging all the for little children, telling of child way from the smallest children in life in many lands in such a way as homes and schools to the soldiers in to have a vital influence on interna- the trenches. It is literally read tional friendship among children. to tatters.

Through the income from these Some years ago, a little boy study books this committee has about twelve years old, who had been able during the past year to just learned to read in one of our render financial aid to the Commit- mission schools in India, came in- tee on Christian Literature for to a mission station begging for women and children in mission "something to read." The mission- lands, and to the Foreign Mission ary searched high and low and Institute at Chautauqua, as well could find nothing to give him but as to the Federation itself. Its the Gospel of Luke and a treatise chief book for 1931-1932, "Christ on smallpox. Today, the India mis- Comes to the Villages," will be sionary can offer The Treasure edited by Mrs. Frederick G. Platt, Chest in English and in six vernac- well known to readers of mission- ulars-Tamil, Maharathi, Guger- ary literature, and will contain ac- athi, Hindi, Urdu, and Telegu- counts of rural work written by while a new edition in Bengali has rural missionary experts in various just been voted by the Committee, fields. together with one in Burmese.

Through its Committee on Chris- Mouhit furnishes reading material tian Literature for Women and for the children of Turkey, and a Children in Mission Fields, the new and enlarged Child Life comes Federation is making possible an to boys and girls in Korea through increasing supply of good litera- aid given by the Christian Litera- ture in China, India, Japan, Bur- ture Committee. Antorcha (The ma, Korea, Turkey, Mexico and Missionary Torch), through the South America, and plans have aid of this Committee, can now been laid whereby its newest ven- reach a wider constituency among ture will be a magazine for the the women of Mexico, and news of African home, of which Miss Jean help and subsidy has just been MacKenzie will be the editor. sent to Guia del H ogar (Guide to This year a campaign for $25,- the Home) -a magazine put out 000 has been launched, which will for one thousand women of seven- enable the Committee to fill up its teen denominations federated for book tables on these countries, and Christian Citizenship and the ob- furnish a more adequate supply of servance of the World Day of reading matter for young and old. Prayer in the Argentine. As a re- While the budget of the Committee sult of the special offering in con- last year did not quite total $10,- nection with the World Day of 000, even this is a big increase Prayer in the United States, the over the early years when the Federation was able to pay over meager sum of $300, gotten to- $4,000 to the work of the Christian gether with great difficulty, was Literature Committee.

used to publish the first numbers of There have been many interest- Happy Childhood for little Chinese ing developments in this field of boys and girls. Today, that little Christian Literature during the

past year, but nothing in all the gifts, and accounts of observance work of the Federation can ap- after the day is over, the making proach the thrill which has come of the program, the planning for to all of those who are closely in authors of the program, the call, touch with the ever increasing ob- the consecration service, the printservance the world around of the ing, and the written accounts, keep Day of Prayer. It is one of the this great day before the Federamost thrilling events in the history tion throughout the year, Federaof the Christian Church. tion travellers who visit foreign lands become messengers carrying At first, the women of America prayed for the women of the world. the news of -the day and its observ- N ow they pray with the women of ance to the four corners of the the world. For approximately earth. forty hours, beginning in the Far East early in the morning, and The observance of this day has ending where the Far West meets brought the Federation in touch the Far East late at night, the with hundreds of local interdecycle of prayer continues. Austra- nominational groups meeting in lian, Chinese, Japanese, Hindu, towns and cities all over the United Persian, Syrian, Turk, African, States for the performance Qf tasks Czech, Canadian, New Englander, which can be done better by church Mountaineer, Porto Rican, Cuban, women working together. The Brazilian, Chilian, Peruvian, Ar- Federation, in cooperation with gentinian, Mexican-all are one the Council of Women for Home that day and all are bound by one Missions and the National Council great chain of prayer around the of Federated Church Women, has feet of God-prayer for a better endeavored to reach these groups world, prayer for better Chris- with the interdenominational detians, prayer for higher service. velopments of Christian missions, and stimulates their interest in the Early in the year, mimeographed copies of the program are sent to causes of peace and Christian citithe mission stations of all the zenship. The year has been one of boards. There they are translated progress, and one which, it is and adapted to the particular needs hoped, will lead on to a fuller realiof each country. Preparation for zation of the opportunities which the Day of Prayer, the flood of lie before all who seek to make a better world.

Suppose we scrapped some .of this terrifying and elaborate machinery, the enormous amount of stuff that is written about financial schemes for churches and the organizations of parishes, and began instead to dig down deep into our own hearts to search ourselves; gave up our ambition and our clerical "side," our wire-pulling and our party propaganda, our ecclesiastical bickering and our place-seeking, our catering to wealth and big names, and to what the bishop was going to think if we did something daring, and all the rest of the unholy sham of it, and for once got down to the business of changing lives one by one? Twelve men rocked the foundations of the world because they gave everything to Christ. Time does not change the law of that kind of energy. What could a group on the same ba·sis do today?-S. M. Shoemaker, Jr.

FROM SAVAGERY IN

What We Saw During a Recent Visit to the Kwato Mission BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON TRAVEL LETTER No. 9 I T IS not often that miracles of seaport. Nothing could surpass the transformed heathen communi- natural beauty of the scene–the ties are seen in the lifetime of azure water from the bosom of one missionary. which rose the emerald isles, cov- At Singapore we received the ered with graceful palms and other overwhelming news of the sudden luxuriant tropical foliage waving death of our beloved friend, the in the breeze.

Rev. Charles W. Abel, of Kwato.* With this message we heard the call of God to visit the bereaved family in Eastern Papua, to see the work of which we had heard so much, and to confer with the missionaries as to future plans.

The readjustment of our itiner- ary took us to Kwato by way of the Philippines, the Celebes, and Aus- tralia. This gave us many glimpses of new fields and forces. Great is the contrast we noted between the ancient and decadent civilizations of hoary Egypt, Mesopotamia, and India, and the primitive savage life of New Guinea. The complex ethnic religions of the Hindus and Buddhists present a very different problem from the simple supersti- tions of the Papuans. The political turmoil caused by the national birth throes of China stand out in sharp contrast to the peaceful stag- nation that characterizes tribal CHARLES W. ABEL life in Papua under British con- As we approached the jetty at trol. Kwato in the Mission launch, Marmari II, we saw hundreds of Our first glimpse of Kwato, the brown-skinned figures waiting to tropical isle at the Eastern ex- greet us. There were little girls tremity of the greatest island in clad in grass skirts, and boys in the world, was through the early loin cloths, older women wore a morning mist as we approached skirt or one-piece dress; men were Samarai, the Government seat and "As th e r eaders of 'l' BE REVIEW know, h e clad in shorts or in a simple cloth :;:~~l1lI~tK"'!n'il d~~d arl~~IIJ~~lieln~~~~ il~Dt~'i>.OD wrapped around the waist and 903

reaching to the knees. A cheer went sadness expressed in a letter writup from hundreds of throats and ten later by one of the Papuan hands waved a welcome as we came girls. This shows a depth of feelalong the side of the jetty. What ing unknown here forty years ago. a contrast to the greeting received by Mr. and Mrs. Abel t when they We gathered together under a visited these islands forty years tree near the shore and we were ago! Then Kwato was largely un- welcomed by one of the Papuan healthy swamp land and the people Christians in a brief address, exof the district were fierce and un- pressing their love for the leader friendly cannibals. Fear of the who had gone Home, and their whitefaced, black-footed strangers gratitude to the Heavenly Father incited them to· hostility and a who had answered their prayers in bringing in safety their friends A .WELCOMING PARTY OFPAPUANS-YEARS AGO readiness to kill and feast if op- from America. Thronging around portunity offered. It was in New us were Papuans-signs of their Guinea that James Chalmers and old savage life still seen in the his companions suffered martyr- elaborate tatooing on some of the dom eleven years after the Abels women and in the great distended arrived. Today the Papuans gave ear lobes of men. Their faces were Us a royal welcome such as might attractive, and strong. They are have been that accorded to the Gov- clean, intelligent and friendly. ernor-General or the Prince of Wales. But beneath the joyful ex- The Old Savage Life terior, with cheers, waving banners, and floral decorations, was a What is the pit from which these Christians and Papuans have been tMr. Abel arrived -in New Guinea in 1890, lifted? The worst conditions, in- Ilnd Mrs. Abel two years later. D. L. P. cluding savage warfare, cannibal-

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ism and heathen orgies, have dis- fare has been abolished in coastal appeared from the coast towns, districts they find little else to do. through the establishment of Brit- The children run wild, like other ish law and the influences of Chris- animals, for parental discipline is tian missionaries, but the remains almost unknown. It is a part of the of primitive heathenism are still philosophy of heathen Papuans evident in villages of the district. that little or no restraint should be The one-roomed houses are built on put on natural desires, unless these piles about four feet from the happen to contravene tribal cusground; underneath are kept the toms. As a result appetites and chief evidences of the owner's sexual instincts are restrained only wealth-if any–'in the form of by lack of opportunity to indulge OUR WELCOMING PARTY OF PAPUAN CHRIS1.'IANS black pigs. Most houses are shaped them. After marriage agreements like a capital A with a high, have been made, the tribal law of peaked, thatched roof and an en- personal revenge punishes unfaithtrance, three or four feet high, ex- fulness, as it does theft. There is tending the width of the house, The no education in a heathen home benarrow verandah in front is yond that relating to tribal cusreached by a rude ladder or by toms, barter, the means of obtainnotches cut in the trunk of a near- ing food, making canoes and buildby tree-stump. Dogs and chickens ing a house. The signs of poverty have their private entrance hole and general squalor in a Papuan reached by an inclined log. village are oppressive. Money is almost unknown, dog's teeth, shells As to occupation, the women at- and produce being the medium of tend to the gardening and the exchange. preparation of food; men make canoes, hunt and fish. Since war- Their clothing is almost nil. A

grass skirt for the women and a trust and fear of the foreigner; meager loin cloth for the men be- heathen customs and superstition; ing deemed sufficient for all, ex- the vices of the natural man; the cepting festive occasions. The hair witch doctor and the tribal chiefs is "teased out" into great bushy who wished to rule supreme, were balls, sometimes eighteen inches or all united to shut out the light. But two feet in diameter, and in this God was with His messengers and the "dandies" stick feathers and gave them courage, power and proflowers. Other ornaments consist tection. At Maivara, a village near of tatoo marks, anklets and brace- the head of Milne Bay, we visited lets of grass, shell or brass. Feath- the place where, in the early days, ers in the hair denote conquest or God intervened to save the life of exploits,-some of them of an un- Charles Abel. He had left his wife savory character. The religious and first born child in the mission faith and life of the Papuans is boat while he went to try to espractically undeveloped. They have tablish a friendly contact with the no conception of God, but believe villagers. He had gone only a short in witchcraft and evil spirits. They distance on shore when a messenseem to have no form of worship, ger from his wife came in haste, but fear the powers of sorcery, asking him to return, as their baby are under the influence of witch was ill. He turned back, and did doctors and believe in some form not gain an entrance to this village of existence after death. until some years later; then he learned that just beyond the point Warfare formerly provided the where the messenger had reached chief occupation for the men, with him a group of hostile natives lay the making of war canoes and in wait to take his life, as others weapons, in addition to the actual had murdered his fellow missionfighting. Cannibalism seems to ary, James Chalmers. Later when have been fostered by a desire for the people learned to know Mr. flesh to eat, of which there is little, Abel they were ashamed of their and by a spirit of revenge on ene- attempt, and today a church, which mies, a glory in manly exploits, they have built, marks the spot and by a belief in the courage that where his enemies lay in wait to enters the heart of the victor who take his life. devours his enemies. In some tribes a boy could not be initiated Near the village of Lamhaga we into a man's estate until he had saw the grave of an old chief who killed and eaten a foe. The degrad- was for a long time a persistent oping dances and sexual license that ponent of the Gospel. He refused accompanied their feasts were to receive the friendly advances of prompted by a desire to stimulate Mr. Abel and warned his people jaded appetites and were used to against the foreign teaching. Later promote communal life. hard times fell upon the village. There was a serious famine and The Change the chief and his people were in want. As Christmas time drew Among such a people it was not near Mr. Abel said to his wife: "I easy to gain an entrance to preach believe the old chief is in need of the purifying Gospel of Christ. food; we will send him a Christ- Every force but one was in league against the early missionaries. Dis- mas gift of rice."

UP FROM SAVAGERY IN PAPUA

This act of kindness astonished by the works of the flesh-"unthe chief and led him to ask: "Why cleaness, lasciviousness, idolatry, did you, whom I have long opposed witchcraft, hatred, variance, emuas an enemy, show me this kind- lations, wrath, strife, seditions, ness?" This question offered a cov- heresy, envyings, murders, drunketed opportunity to witness to the enness, revellings, and such like." love of Christ, who, while we were The Christians, on the other hand, yet sinners, died for us and who show clearly the "fruit of the Spirloved us when we were enemies. it." The old chief's antagonism was ended; he became a "seeker" and WIT H SOME P APUAN CHILDREN later was baptized as a Christian. He advised his people to do the How manifest Christian love is same and at his death said, "I have in their dealings with one another followed the good way, the Jesus and with their white teachers! way. I am going the long road to Their love for Mr. and Mrs. Abel the place He has prepared, and has been shown in countless ways. there is light beyond. It is my wish Bank accounts are kept by the misthat you too shall follow this way sion for Christians who wish to and meet me at the end of the save something from meager earnroad." ings (two to five dollars a month). Once, when Mrs. Abel was not well, On our last Sunday at Kwato we some of the Christians came to ask attended a Communion service at if she could go to. consult a "wise which forty-six Papuans publicly confessed Christ for the first time and united with His Church. Twenty-four of them were the first fruits from the village of this chief. In all nearly a thousand from the villages of Milne Bay, comprising this mission district, have left the old way for the new. In sixteen centers selfsupporting churches have been established and evangelistic work is conducted by the Papuan Christians in thirty different villages of the district.

Are They Converted 1 But are these former cannibals, ignorant savages and their children, truly converted to Christ? Do they become intelligent Christians? "By their fruits ye shall know them." No one can visit Kwato and the outstations without being impressed by the contrast in the lives of the Christians and the lives of their unconverted neighbors. The latter are characterized

man" in Australia. "Yes," said and to keep their "home of the Mr. Abel, "it would be well, but soul" in good condition as a fit such a journey takes many days "temple for the Spirit of God." and costs too much money!" The Many villagers suffer from yaws, leaders went away and consulted a distressing disease, and from with other Christians. Soon they hookworm. Tuberculosis takes a returned, bringing all their bank- heavy toll and they suffer from books, representing their entire other ailments introduced by white savings, "Here," they said, "take men, or due to a limited and insuf- ficient diet, and to unsanitary conthis, and let mother Abel go; do ditions. Consequently, medical not speak any more about the work, education in sanitary laws, training in the care of children and money!" personal hygiene are very impor- There is a spirit of joy among tant. An excellent hospital has been built in Kwato and as soon as the Christians-a natural overflow- a spiritually and medically qualiing of the spirit of happiness and fied doctor and nurse are found, the g~odwill-that is far removed from opportunity for service at Kwato, the unregenerate Papuan. During and extension health work in the our two weeks at Kwato and in the villages and outstations, will be outstations we never heard chil- almost unlimited. Already the dren quarrel' or saw a sign of petu- Christians who have gone back inlance. VVe never heard a harsh or to the villages to live, have set a unpleasant word; all seemed to new standard in house building and dwell together in unity. Their sanitation. The infant mortality games were clean and exuberant, among the Papuans is very high, full of wholesome laughter and about fifty per cent, but mothers good sport. who have learned at Kwato how to care for their babies have been the The Kwato boys and young men objects of much curiosity as they play an excellent game of cricket show heathen mothers the way to and often win from white teams. bathe their children and to care for But they are more than sports- their health. men, they are Christians. Not long ago the Kwato team was invited The intelligence of Papuan to go to Port Moresby and play against the white team there, many Christians is remarkable as comof them Government employees. pared with their heathen neigh- The Governor, Sir Hubert Mur- bors. The children learn readily ray, sent his private yacht to take the mission boys to Port Moresby. and have retentive memories. Pri- They not only played a clean and skilful game of cricket that won mary schools are held in fourteen the admiration of opponents and onlookers, but they followed the stations, all except the higher Saturday game by giving their personal testimonies to Christ at evan- training classes being taught by gelistic services. They told simply what Jesus Christ had done for Papuan teachers. The lower grades them and their fellow Papuans. are taught in the vernacular, but The Papuan Christians are, as a rule, physically clean and strong. since every small district has its They are taught to bathe regularly own dialect, the mission has adopt- ed English, (not pigeon English) as the general means of communi- cation. Technical and teacher

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training classes are taught entire- for house and boat building and do ly in English. very creditable work. Since a large proportion of South Sea Island It was interesting and inspiring trade is in copra, (dried coconut to hear these children, many from meat), men and women in thirteen heathen homes, reciting perfectly stations are taught how to care for such passages of Scripture as the coconut trees and how to prepare twenty-third Psalm, and fourteenth the meat for copra. A coconut chapter of John. The truth not plantation at Koeabule comprises only finds lodgment in their heads, some eighty acres and is one of the but takes root in their hearts and best in the district. These indusbears fruit in their lives. A letter tries also develop character and infrom one of the older girls, now a dependence, promote self-respect, primary teacher in the village, and enable them to support their shows real spiritual insight and de- own village churches and schools. sires. She sAys, The spiritual development of the Dear Nanna, I want you to pray for Papuans is clearly seen in their me so that I may stand fast in Christ. knowledge of God, their sense of Last year I left the Lord Jesus and, sin, their faith in Christ as their 0, how wonderfully He has led me Saviour, and in thei·r desire to show back to Himself again. So now I am their love and gratitude by witin His fold, and my heart is so full nessing to others, and by bringing of thankfulness to Him, also now I to them also the blessings of the see the wonderful and deep love of Gospel. Christ and so day by day I ask Him to keep me very close to Himself. I The Papuan Christians are not love to know Him more, as Paul the paid for evangelistic work. Every Apostle says, "I know nothing, save Christian is taught that it is his or Christ, and Him crucified." Dear, I her privilege to witness to others pray over and over again that these and to seek to lead them to Christ. words may take root in my heart. Every Sunday lists are posted, giv- ing the names of those who are to Since the pursuits of war and go out to the villages on evangelisthe trades connected with heathen tic assignments. The others pray customs have fallen into -disuse, for these evangelists and great is and since it is desirable to raise the their joy when they return with restandard of living among Papuan ports of souls won to Christ. Christians, the Mission teaches them to be industrious and to work Congregations of Christians for economic betterment. Prac- have been formed at seventeen statically all Papuans cultivate their tions. They have been organized own gardens and fish for food with into churches with elders to care nets or spears· or traps. This fur- for them. These elders are nominishes only a very precarious live- nated by the Christians and are lihood. They have natural mechan- confirmed and consecrated to ofical ability and some artistic talent. fice by the Mission. Their duties The Mission teaches carpentry, are to see that prayer meetings boat building, blacksmithing and and church worship are conducted printing, to young men. They teach regularly, to keep the church rolls, basketry, needlework, weaving, and a record of church attendance, nursing and simple domestic arts to look after the spiritual welfare to women. Mission trained men of the flock, to receive and transare much in demand by Europeans

mit gifts for benevolence and to gifts for us-taru, yams, coco- keep the church buildings in re- nuts, bananas, chickens and grass pair, to do evangelistic work and skirts-to show their good will.

to send out Christians week by These gifts are out of their pov- week on evangelistic assignments erty, not out of their abundance.

to heathen villages in the neighbor- They are very appreciative of any hood. kindness shown. Recently the el- Elders may be deposed from of- ders of the churches of the district fice for lack of faithfulness: for a met and voted that their congrelapse in Christian conduct, or for gations would be ready to contrifailure to rule their households and bute one thousand pounds, ($5,000) keep them in the Christian path. a year for new equipment needed Church members may be suspended at Kwato, Duabo and other staand denied fellowship at the Lord's tions. They have already given one Supper for lapses in Christian thousand pounds a year for two faith or conduct, but they are not years to pay for the plantations dropped and just forgotten, they that are so greatly needed in the are daily prayed for and followed mission work. Now they have ex- pressed a desire to erect a House up until they are brought back of Prayer in Kwato in memory of into the fold. Three of these back- their beloved Taubada (their sliders came back into the church "Great Chief," Father Abel). on our last Sunday in Kwato. One When we note the meager income couple had been prayed for by the on which wage earners subsist (not Christians for two years. more than ten pounds a year for themselves and their families) and The deep interest that these the frugal way in which they live, Christians feel in the spiritual wel- we are put to shame. If American fare of others is shown by a letter, and British Christians would give written while we were at Kwato, in the same proportion, the coffers by one of the Papuan school teach- of the Lord's Treasury would be ers, Labini. She writes to a friend: overfl~wing-and the windows of Heaven wouId be open to :pour I know you remain in love and prayer to God always for us all here. down an abundance of Spiritual I think you would like to know too blessings. about the Christian work of those who go (Jut to witness for Christ. This year three women gave themselves to The Secret Christ; so I want you to pray for During our visit to Papua we them too, that they may be kept true met a number of missionaries, busi- for Christ and grow day by day to ness men, and Government officials, love Him more and more. A few I who had visited Kwato. All exknew some years ago gave themselves pressed admiration over the work to Christ, but n(Jw they live as heathen and workers and wonder at the people live, who never knew Christ as spirit manifested there. The transtheir Saviour. One woman went back formations wrought in this misbecause she believes in tabosima sion are an outstanding example (witchcraft) . of what a Christian mission may The generosity of Papuans is accomplish. The secret seems to be little short of phenomenal. At va- threefold.

rious villages that we visited, the 1. The one aim is to lead the people came to the boat loaded with Papuans to an intelligent faith in

UP FROM SAVAGERY IN PAPUA

Christ as the Son of God and their ans have learned to sing even beau- personal Saviour. The missionaries tiful oratorios, true and sweetly train the converts for consistent melodious, in four parts. Each Christian Life and for unselfish, ef- noon the Christian Papuan leaders fective service for their fellows. meet for a half hour of prayer on There is no desire to introduce their knees. Is it any wonder that European customs, habits of dress their lives are beautiful, their in- or standards of life, but there is terests worldwide, and their work an earnest effort to develop Christ- effective?

like characters and usefulness, and 3. The Papuan Christians are to form healthful, industrious, self- taught that their dependence is on supporting Christian communities. God, but that each has a responsi- Consequently, schools are estab- bility to do his part in answering lished, not for education beyond his own prayers. This develops a their needs, but to teach them to virile and a practical, not a senti- read and understand the Word mental, Christianity. It promotes of God, and to help them earn a spirit of service and of self-deny- a decent livelihood. Medical work ing giving.

is carried on to promote person- The expectation of the Kwato al, family, and village cleanli- Mission is to extend work into un- ness and health. Industrial work occupied, districts of Papua, of is conducted, not to produce wealth, which there are many. As soon as but to enable the Christians to God opens the way and means are work for their own support, and to provided, it is hoped to establish enable them to give to others in other stations, conducted on the need. Last year the benevolence same principles, with a missionary gifts of these Papuan Christians and Kwato trained Papuans to dewere sent to India, Japan, China, velop the work. Much of the great Moslem lands, and for work among Fly River district is still untouched Jews in New York! and the interior of the island, with 2. Dependence for effectiveness hundreds of thousands of un- is not on fine equipment, large reached heathen, is not even fully financial resources, or on a large explored.

staff of paid workers, but on the While the Holy Spirit of God work of the Spirit of God in the works through the missionaries hearts and lives of men. The mis- and Papuan Christians there is no sionaries spend much time in fear as to the future of this work.

prayer and look to God for the sup- The honored and beloved human ply of every need. Prayer ex- leader has been called Home. The presses the life of the mission. The loss is inestimable, for his wisdom, Papuan Christian gathers twice or his experience, his power, his more daily for prayer and praise. spirit, were felt in every depart- It was an inspiration to hear those ment of the work. But God re- at Kwato each morning and eve- mains and is already showing His ning as they sang in beautiful har- Power in the lives and works of mony some of the great Christian those who carryon. This is a work hymns and then knelt in prayer. in which there is a true partner- Heathen Papuan music is monoto- ship with God and rich blessing nous tom-toming, that is discord to comes to those who enter into this our ears, but the Christian Papu- partnership.

OF AMERICAN

MISSIONS IN CHINA BY THE REV. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE, D.D.

Profes8or of Missions and Oriental Ilistory in Yale University I N FEBRUARY, 1830, there ar- foreign sailors who then thronged rived in Canton the first Amer- the waters in and near Canton. ican Protestant missionary to After the year he was to explore the Chinese, Elijah Coleman Bridg- the shores of Southeastern Asia man. In these days when so many and the adjoining islands for posare tempted to become faintheart- sible openings for future missioned because of the difficulties which aries. Abeel, in spite of the handibeset missions in China, it is well cap of prolonged ill-health which to recall the work of the pioneers, resulted in his death in his early the distance which has been trav- forties, had a share in stimUlating eled in the century, the great interest in missions in Europe, achievements of these years, and, Great Britain, and America, and when contrasted with the condi- was later the pioneer of the famous tions which confronted the mis- and successful mission of the sionary of 1830, the incompara- Dutch Reformed Church in Fukien. tively greater opportunities of Bridgman had a full thirty years to-day. in China. He began The Chinese Bridgman was the product of a Repository, one of the most broad- gauged and useful missionary perideeply religious New England odicals ever published, seeking, as home, of the Evangelical move- it did, to interpret China to the ment, of a New England college, Occident by means of scholarly and of Amdover Theological Semi- articles on the Empire and news nary-a combination which was re- sponsible for many of the mission- of happenings within it, as well aries of the last century. He was as to give information of a more sent out by the oldest of all Ameri- strictly missionary character. He can foreign missionary societies, assisted in the negotiation of the the American Board of Commis- first treaty between the United sioners for Foreign Missions. He States and China, and he had a was given free passage on one of large share in the translation of the ships of the firm of D. W. C. the Bible into Chinese. Olyphant, that Christian merchant Not long after Bridgman came who had fully as much at heart the spiritual welfare of the Chinese as other famous missionaries-in his own commercial profit and who 1832 Samuel Wells Williams, noted had a large part in inaugurating for his Chinese-English dictionary, several of the earliest proj ects of his "Middle Kingdom" (for many American missions in China. years the standard work in English on China), and his services to the With Bridgman went David American Legation in China, and Abeel. On this initial venture, in 1834 Peter Parker, the first Abeel was to give his time for one medical missionary to China, who year, as chaplain of the American achieved distinction both as a phy- Seaman's Friend Society, to the sician and as a diplomat.

912

CENTENARY OF AMERICAN PROTESTANT MISSIONS

It was not many years before (1839-1842) had opened more opother American organizations portunities for the missionary. joined the American Board in the effort to bring the Gospel to the The conditions which faced Chinese. The General Missionary Bridgman and those who followed Convention of the American Bap- him in the first decade of his life tists-for this was before the in China were far from favorable. Northern and the Southern The first Protestant missionary to churches had formed separate de- China, Robert Morrison-sent by nominational agencies-soon fol- the London Missionary Societylowed. In 1833, John Taylor Jones, had arrived in the country in 1807, an agent of the Baptist Conven- less than a quarter of a century tion, went to Bangkok, Siam, before, and only a handful of men and women had joined him. Even where then, as now, there were the few who had come could not all find a foothold in China itself. many Chinese. Before the end of Most of them had to content themthe year he had baptized four selves as best they might with reaching Chinese who had settled Chinese. In 1835, William Dean, outside the Empire in such centers of the same Society, arrived in as Bangkok, Singapore, Malacca, Batavia, and Borneo. In China Bangkok, and in December of that proper only two ports were open to year organized a small Chinese foreign residence, Canton and church, apparently the first for Macao. In Canton foreigners were Chinese ever formed under the au- restricted to a narrow strip along spices of American Protestants. In the river front and outside the 1836, J. Lewis Shuck and his wife, also sent by the American Baptists, city walls-the historic "Thirteen arrived at Macao to attempt to Factories"-and were supposed to work in China proper. The first live there only a few months of representatives in China of Amer- each year. Macao was a Portuican Episcopalians, Henry Lockwood and Francis R. Hanson, guese settlement which was still reached Canton in 1835, and in under Chinese suzerainty. Here 1837 William J. Boone, later bishop foreigners enjoyed somewhat more latitude. It was probably here that, and the real founder of the China in 1814,' Morrison first adminismission of the American Episco- tered baptism to a Chinese, and it palians, arrived in the Far East. was here that he was buried. How- In 1838, there landed in Singapore ever, the Portuguese, being Roman the earliest missionaries to the Catholics, were not disposed to Chinese of the board which the grant much freedom to Protestant American Presbyterians had re- missionary activity. cently formed. It must also be remembered that as early as 1822 or Throughout China imperial 1823 the American Bible Society edicts inhibited the propagation of had been subsidizing the distribu- the Christian faith. It was even tion of the Scriptures among the forbidden to Chinese to teach the Chinese, although its first full time language to the foreigner, and American agent in China was not while Morrison, Bridgman, and appointed until many years later. others were able to obtain instruc- These were the only American so- tors, at any time the officials might cieties represented in China until seek to enforce the prohibition. A after the first Anglo-Chinese war 3

few Chinese could be talked to in- and in port& outside of China, was dividually, and literature could be nonexistent. Foreign medicine prepared and distributed, but even won some approval and helped to in Canton and Macao both of these break down prejudice, for it ap- activities were attended with some pealed to the practical-minded peril and from time to time had Chinese. However, Western med- to be suspended. ical practice of a hundred years Had the government been neutral ago was still very crude and but instead of hostile, the difficulties little advanced over that of China.

would have been far from being re- Antiseptic surgery was as yet un- moved. The scholar-official class, in dreamed of and the use of an- whose hands was the formation of ::esthetics was a decade in the fupublic opinion, was contemptuous ture. The physician from the Occi- of and bitterly opposed to the mis- dent had little to offer the Chinese.

sionary and his message. All for- In these circumstances the mis- eigners and their culture were sionary enterprise was a sheer ven- looked down on as barbarous: it ture of faith in the face of over- was unthinkable that the sons of whelming odds. Only a conviction Han could learn anything from of the need of the Chinese for the them. Christian literature, includ- Gospel and trust in the promises ing the Scriptures, was assailed as of God could hold the missionary being ludicrously crude in style. to his task.

The Gospel was declared to be de- What a change these hundred structive of much that was basic years have witnessed! Today, in Chinese civilization. This, in- American missionaries in China deed, it was, although not always a,re numbered by the thousands in the sense in which its opponents and have penetrated every province believed it to be. Missionaries held of the Republic. Christians in that Christians should not engage churches which owe their origin to in the customary honors to an- American missionaries are count- cestors, and to refrain from these ed by the tens of thousands., It was regarded by the Chinese as is a rare province which does not unfilial and so as breaking one of have American mission schools the cardinal principles of morality within its borders. Some. of the and threatening the existence of American Christian colleges and the family. Christians certainly universities are among the best could not contribute to community in the land and are crowded with festivals in honor of non-Christian eager students. Western medicine divinities, and their refusal to do has made enormous strides and in so was inevitably branded as im- the hands of missionary physicians pious and against all public spirit. -Americans, British, and Euro- The missionary seemingly had peans-has brought healing to mil- little if anything to offer which the lions and has laid the foundations Chinese wanted. Here and there a of a new Chinese medical profes- Chinese was willing to learn Eng- sion. The translations of the Bible lish of the missionary, for this have been vastly improved and might be a door to employment additional ones have been made with a foreign business firm. Be- in most of the chief dialects. The fore 1839, however, foreign com- annual circulation of portions of merce, except in Canton and Macao the Scriptures now runs into the

millions, much of it through the still is, the largest foreign mission agents of the American Bible So- field of Protestant America. When ciety. The Chinese churches are one recalls the cost-in health, in achieving independence in leader- sacrificial devotion, in intelligent ship and, but for untoward political labor, in prayer, and in love which conditions, would have made al- has asked no return but the wel- most as great strides toward finan- fare of the souls for whom it is cial self-support. There are hun- spent-one is not surprised at the dreds of Chinese Christians-pas- results which have followed. Mis- tors, laymen, and laywomen-who sionaries are far from perfect: would adorn the Church of any they themselves would be the first country or age. Men who have to admit their shortcomings. In been profoundly influenced by the main, however, those who have American Protestant missionaries gone to China from the United are active in many phases of States have been a cross-section of China's life. They include such the best of American Christianity.

ministers of the central govern- By far the greater proportion of ment as H. H. Kung and C. T. them have gone from thoroughly Wang, such educators as Chang unselfish motives and have labored Po-ling, the distinguished principal that to the Chinese might come ful- of Nan Kai in Tientsin, James Yen, ness of life.

the creator and leader of the Mass The majority of American mis- Education Movement, F. C. Yen, sionaries went to China after 1900.

the head of the government med- In the first quarter of the present ical school in Shanghai, and such century, from the ·collapse of the business men as those who created Boxer outbreak to the rising tide the greatest publishing house in of nationalism in 1924 and 1925, China, the Commercial Press. Best with its accompanying anti-Chris- of all are the many thousands who tian movement, conditions were have found the secret of the Chris- more favorable for Christian mis- tian faith and through it have been sions than they had ever been, or born into a new life. than they have been since. . The These results, here so briefly and barriers which confronted the first inadequately hinted at, have come, American missionaries had all but under God, through a great out- crumbled. Foreigners might travel pouring of life from this country freely anywhere through the coun- and from other Western lands. try. After the punishment which There is no complete list of those had been meted out to China by Americans who in the past hundred the Powers from 1839 on, and espe- years have spent longer or briefer cially in 1900, for mishandling- for- periods in China as missionaries. eigners, the Westerner could be The number must run into the tens reasonably certain of security.

of thousands. In no other of the Extensive foreign. settlements great regions to which Protestant were to be found not only in the missionaries go-neither in Africa, main cities on the coast but in some the Near East, India, Japan, nor of the chief centers of the interior.

Latin America-have there been The imperial edicts against Chris- as many from the United States. tianity had long since been abro- From the viewpoint of the invest- gated, and ·since 1858 toleration ment of life China has been, and for the missionary and Chinese

Christians had been written into lated rather than curtailed giving. treaties between China and the In these circumstances it is not Powers. The missionary had the strange that the numbers of misprivilege, not usually granted to sionaries, and especially of Amerforeigners of other occupations, of ican missionaries, grew rapidly. acquiring territory outside the We rightly believed that an opportreaty ports. He was allowed free- tunity was ours which might not ly to study the language, and be- be long continued. fore 1925 he had created schools in which every possible facility ex- Since 1924 and 1925, conditions isted for the acquisition of the dif- have altered and here and there ficult tongue and the still more the timorous and critical have difficult written character. talked about "the missionary de- bacle" and "the missionary re- The prejudice against the mis- treat." The special privileges ensionary had by no means disap- joyed by foreigners in China have peared, but it was much less than been attacked by the growing nait had ever been. The old customs tionalism. An anti-Christian moveand institutions which conserva- ment, inspired partly by nationaltism had once wished to preserve ism, has been leveled against the were now 'crumbling and the more Gospel, the Church, and the misthoughtful were asking for help in sionaries, and particularly against building new ones to replace them. Christian schools. Scepticism, re- China was avidly learning from the enforced by the secularism of the Occident, and the missionary, as West, has bred indifference and a Westerner who was available even hostility to religion. Many and eager to teach, was much have believed the Gospel to be a sought after. His schools were futile hope for national regeneracrowded, for they were a source tion, or at best to be too slow in its from which the once despised but working for impetuous youth. They now popular Western learning have turned instead to such panacould be obtained. His hospitals ceas as science and communism. and dispensaries were thronged, Banditry has made life and propfor with the tremendous strides erty unsafe in vast regions. In the which had been made in the second United States, giving to missions half of the nineteenth century has declined. There has been a there could now be no question that sharp falling off in the offering of at least in surgery Occidental prac- life for missions, and there is widetice was superior to that of China. spread uncertainty as to the valid- ity of the Gospel and the value of Many Chinese realized that some the missionary enterprise. There fresh spiritual and moral dynamic has been a marked diminution in was needed if the nation were to the missionary forces in China, and pass successfully through its great problems of readjustment which period of transition, and looked cannot be avoided perplex the wisinquiringly toward the Gospel as est and most courageous spirits a possible means of national as well as individual salvation. In the sup- both among Chinese Christians and porting constituencies in the Unit- missi onaries. ed States missions were more nearly popular than t1ey had ever Yet we need to remember that been and the World War had stimu- this reaction is recent. All of it is a matter of the last ten years, and

ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF MORMONISM

most of it the last five. It cannot, now, moreover, Christian com, of course, be ignored. The reasons munities scattered through thtl for it must be determined, and re- length and breadth of the land, adjustments made necessary by it, ably seconded by scores of Chrisboth in methods in China and in tian schools, hospitals, orphanages, organization and appeal in the printing presses, and Young Men's United States, must be devised and and Young Women's Christian Aseffected. The entire program of sociations. We must never forget Foreign Missions, both abroad and that the need of the Chinese for in the supporting constituencies, the Gospel is as great as ever, and will quite possibly need a more that the obligation upon Christians thoroughgoing reshaping than most to make the Gospel message known of us now are willing to admit. is as binding as it was on the fathers. We have the assurance, We do well to remember, how- moreover, of the guidance of God ever, that, difficult as conditions and the presence of His Spirit if for missions now are in China and we will but pay the price. With more difficult though they may be- these we can not only recall with come-as they probably will-they great gratitude the hundred years are not nearly as discouraging as that are just behind us, but can those which faced Bridgman, look forward with renewed hope Abeel, Williams and Parker. China and consecration to the century is much more open to the Gospel which lies ahead. than it was in 1830. There are ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF MORMONISM * BY THE REV. EDWARD LAIRD MILLS, D.D.

Editor The Oh'~8t1{>n Advooate, Pacific Edition, Portland, Oregon I NA recent review of twenty- eph Smith, the visionary mystic one American cults, Mormon- who founded Mormonism, and ism is recognized. That is un- Brigham Young, whose 'organizusual. A book on modern cults ing genius gave it lasting signifiwhich appeared a few years ago cance, both saw the light of day in had nothing to say about this move- Vermont, only a few miles distant. ment, which is the largest and The leadership of these three unwealthiest of them all. Of course usual personalities made Christian this ignorance is due largely to the Science and Mormonism the two fact that Mormonism has developed leading religious cults produced in principally in the far West. The the New World. Although the lat- East is more familiar with London ter is three times the size of the and Paris than with Salt Lake former, it is not nearly so well City. Mary Baker Eddy, the known. founder of Christian Science, was born in New Hampshire, and J os- Mormon History *For further information, inquirers are re- There are three well defined peferred to the "Story of the Mormons," by W, riods. A, Linn (Macmillan); "The Trnth About lformonism," by James H. Snowden (R. R. 1. Joseph Smith claims to have Smith, Inc.), and "The M,ormon Way," by found the golden plates which, CIaton S, Rice. (Methodist Book Concern, when translated, produced the Portland, Oregon,)

Book of Mormon, near Palmyra, they regarded themselves as the New York, in 1823. April 6, 1830, chosen of the Almighty. The same the church was formally organized sort of reaction which placed the with three congregations and 70 original J'oseph in a pit probably members. At the celebration of the had much to do with putting the centennial last spring, the Joseph- second Joseph in jail. ite or reorganized branch held a communion service in their new At any rate, Brigham Young, million-dollar temple at Independ- who came to succession immediateence, Missouri, at which 7,000 ly after this tragic event, concluded members received communion at that it was useless to try longer to the hands of 200 ministers. This live with the frontiersmen of the group is seldom thought of because Mississippi Valley. He therefore the Utah or Brighamite branch is organized, in 1846, a trek to the so much larger. At Salt Lake City, unknown West, 1,000 miles away. a stately pageant, "The Message of With 143 men, three women and the Ages," was put on in the taber- two children, he started from near nacle for thirty consecutive nights, the present site of Council Bluffs, and, but for the physical weariness Iowa, April 14, and arrived on the of the participants, it would have heights overlooking Salt Lake July attracted capacity crowds for a 24. much longer period. The production cost $60,000, more than 30,000 2. The halcyon period of Morfeet of lumber was used in the mon church life was from 1847 to temporary stage, and of the 1,000 1870. It then had a chance to de- velop in isolation and to fix the participants more than 300 were lines which have been followed singers. since. Brigham Young was the ever-dominant figure, and he brow- The first stages of the movement beat or cajoled the governors, marwere tempestuous, and its promot- shals and judges who were successers were compelled to move from ively sent from Washington to New York to Ohio, thence to Mis- represent the nation. In this pesouri, and finally to Illinois, where riod occurred the massacre at the city of Nauvoo was built. Jos- Mountain Meadows, when a large eph Smith and his brother Hyrum number of immigrants passing soon got into trouble with the non- through Utah en route from Ar- Mormon population of the vicinity, kansas to California were killed, ostensibly by Indians. Many years with the result that they were fi- later John D. Lee, who is generally nally placed in the jail at Carthage, where they were later killed by an thought to have been made a scapeattacking mob. Historians have goat, was executed for his com- plicity in this affair. come to the conclusion that this incident marks the real beginning The work the Mormons did in deof the Mormon Church, because it veloping the country is worthy of gave Smith's disciples a sense of high praise. There is no more the solidarity that comes from per- beautiful city anywhere than Salt secution. Why the Mormons were Lake City, located between the often in trouble with their neigh- Oquirrh and Wasatch ranges of bors is not altogether certain. Un- mountains and overlooking the questionably polygamy had some- Great Salt Lake. It is the center of thing to do with it. More likely an irrigated farming section about

ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF MORMONISM

100 miles long and fifteen miles in lieved in. Visitors to the Bureau width. The blocks in the city are of Information on the Temple ten acres each in size, and the grounds in Salt Lake City are told streets are 100 feet wide between in so many words: "We still be- the curbings, with the sidewalk and lieve in the principle of polygamy, parking taking 32 feet more. Run- but have suspended the practice of ning water in the streets is a it as being inexpedient." Not yet unique featUre. sure of its limitations, the Church 3. The third period dates from tried to place a polygamist, Brig- about 1870, although Brigham ham H. Roberts, in the United Young lived a few years longer States Congress. The public opin- than that. The date is chosen be- ion of the nation was aroused cause it marks the completion of against this by the activity of a the Union Pacific Railway. This committee from Salt Lake City,· ended the period of isolation. Mor- which was composed of evangelical mons could now move easily out of mISSIOnaries. The attempt has Utah, and outsiders began to come never been renewed. A year or in. This period of sixty years saw two later, the evangelicals also the entrance into Utah of the Ro- went too far when they tried to man Catholic church and of five prevent the seating of Apostle Protestant bodies – Protestant Reed Smoot as a Senator. He was Episcopal, Methodist Episcopal, not a p<llygamist, and there were Presbyterian, Congregational and no other grounds sufficient to keep Baptist. Small communions have him out. These two incidents no business there. Even these helped to clear the air by showing standard denominations, with their to each side the ultimate limits of large resources in funds and per- its effective operation.

sonnel, never undertook a more dif- A little later came Bishop Frankficult task. lin Spencer Spalding to the leader- However, the attrition of out- ship of the Episcopal Church, in side civilization upon the Mormon Utah. Highly endowed with intel- "tate has! produced definite and con- lect, imagination and sympathy, "iderable effects. In 1890, Presi- Bishop Spalding saw that the day dent Woodruff handed down a for the lurid militancy of the past manifesto advising the disc<lntinu- had gone and that the time had, ance of the practice of polygamy. come for Evangelical Christians to Probably this was violated for think of Utah as they thought of twenty years following to the ex- China and India, and to seek a tent of at least 100 cases a year; sympathetic understanding of the but the policy was laid down, and it dominant faith. This did not ·mean has gradually won increasing ac- that he was inclined to accept Mor- ceptance until today the occasional monism as a valid revelation of cases of polygamy constitute a real divinity, but rather that he believed embarrassment to the church au- the warfare should be waged with thorities. In 1896, Utah was grant- weapons more consonant with ed statehood under a constitution Christian principles. His lead has that was explicit in affirming the been increasingly foll<lwed by separation of church and state, Christian workers in Utah until to- and forbidding the practice of po- day practically all agree on the lygamy. But polygamy is still be- major elements of his policy.

Peculiar Characteristics Obviously such a belief goes far Mormonism claims to be a re- to show why Evangelical bodies stored Gospel. It affirms that have so far declined to fellowship Christianity was lost from 330 to with the Latter Day Saints. 1830 A. D. The assumed restoration doubtless led to the official A second distinctive feature of name of the organization. "The Mormon belief is the priesthood. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Apostle Rudger Clawson, writing Day Saints." The so-called "ar- in the Improvement Era for last March, says: ticles of religion," which are dis- Priesthood is therefore not only the tributed by Mormon missionaries, point of divergence between the Church of Jesus Christ of Later Day are innocuous, containing not a Saints and all other Christian bodies, single distinctive Mormon belief. but the very quintessence of this re- This idea of the restored Gospel ligion-the thing without which it has much to do with the building could not possibly exist. Priesthood of costly temples which are not for . . . is authority delegated by God public worship, but rather f.or the to man by which man acts for Deity performance of certain secret cere- in His name in a way that makes any monies which affect only a small act performed by man under this di- percentage 'of the Mormons-for vine warrant as valid as if it were weddings, endowments, and espe- done by the Lord in person.

cially for baptisms for the dead. Results of Christian .Missions These latter are performed by proxy at so much per head. In a Direct results have not been single year there may be as many large in the sixty years during as 300,000 of them performed in which missions have been prosecut- these temples, so that they are by ed. Success in missionary effort no means negligible as a source of decreases in proportion as the re- revenue. ligion approached is related to Polytheism and an exceedingly Christianity. Moreover, the evananthropomorphic idea of God are gelical churches have been spasdistinguishing features of the modic in the prosecution of mission faith. God is a man grown big, work in the Mormon section. Pauand men are gods in embryo. Some city of financial support has caused day they will grow up and populate undue frequency of change of perplanets with their descendants. The sonnel. The resulting impression causal connection of this doctrine locally has not been one of the stawith the belief in and practice of bility of the mission enterprise and polygamy is clearly evident. In the the continuity of a well-planned pageant given at the centennial program. This defect can be remecelebration in April occurs this died only by affording adequate verse relating to Joseph Smith: support to the work and by closer conference and cooperation among Hail to the Prophet ascended to the communions involved. The Ro- heaven, man Catholic Church is perhaps the best organized religious body Traitors and tyrants now fight him in the world. It has been able to in vain, survive in Utah, but not much Mingling with gods he can plan for his brethren, Death cannot conquer the hero more. It makes practically no con- again. verts from Mormonism, and in

ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF MORMONISM

sixty years the Church in Utah has Church. The only courses in Bible not been able to produce a candi- (given near the campus and with date for the priesthood. On my credit) at the University of Idaho, visit to Salt Lake City last June, I in Moscow, Idaho, and at the southwas informed that one young man ern branch of the same institution in Pocatello, are those given by the intends to be a candidate-the first. Mormon Church, non-Mormon It is difficult for people else- textbooks being used.

where to visualize the situation in A number of competent Christian Utah-a population of more than workers met in Salt Lake city last 400,000, and among them only 10,- June to discuss for the Home Mis- 000 Protestant church members, sions Council twenty-one questions 10,000 Roman Catholics, 6,000 respecting the facts, program and Greek Catholics, a total of con- policy of Christian missions in siderably less than 30,000. There Utah. There was no dissent ;from is no Young Men's Christian As- the opinion that Mormonism has sociation in Salt Lake City, with a changed considerably, is still changpopulation of 140,000, or in Ogden, ing, and that Christian missions with a population of 30,000. There are not over a dozen self-support- have been responsible to a notable ing Christian churches in the en- extent for the change that is taking tire State. All the churches must place. work hard to hold their own, for their people tend to move to the So we may wish well our rep- Pacific coast after a few years. resentatives in the hardest mis- There have been some converts to sionary field in the world as they all the churches, and their Sunday- attempt to preach, that the Gospel schools have attracted a consider- "once delivered" has never been enable number of children from the tirely lost, and that certainly it was ranks of people of Mormon stock not restored at Palmyra, New who no longer adhere to the domi- York, in 1823. The fact that after nant church. a century more than 600,000 people think that it was so restored dem- The chief result~ of Christian onstrates the continuing need of missionary efforts among the Mor- evangelical missions. It is our mons are to be found in the social glad privilege to proclaim the good consequences of those activities. news that salvation comes through faith in Christ and not by means Their educational and evangelistic of elaborate ceremonies performed endeavors have had much to do in secret temples. We can mightwith the Mormon movement to- ily help Mormon thinking to make ward inaugurating a fine public the shift from the prosaic, maschool system, with increasing terialistic mood of the Elder Broth- Mormon loyalty to the United er to the spiritual joy and lift that States Government, and with the marked the meeting of the Prodigal growing tendency to exalt the Bible Son and the Forgiving Father. in the services of the Mormon We can give to the succeeding generation a vast equipment in plant and machinery, a great store of knowledge of how to run it, and we can leave for their stimulation centuries of art and literature. But the world will march forward only so far as we give to our children strength of body, integrity of character, training of mind, and the inspiration of religion.-President Hoover.

GREAT WORK OF THE NEAR

RELIEF: WHAT IS TO FOLLOW IT?

BY THE REV. JAMES L. BARTON, D.D.

Chairman of the Near Em Relie!

T HE annual meeting of the committee has been characterized trustees of the Near East Re- by marked continuity of service of lief in New York, February the men who were its founders.

6, 1930, marked the completion of The amount received during the ten years of corporate action in the period from 1916 to 1928 inclusive work of relief in the Near East. was over $91,000,000-a striking The corporation was the successor demonstration of the sustained in- of The American Committee for terest of the people of America and Relief in the Near East, which fol- the world in the humanitarian ap- lowed the Armenian and Syrian peal of remote peoples and of Relief Committee, which in turn great child populations.

followed the Armenian Relief Com- The average cash receipts per mittee. While the annual meeting year for the twelve years was just was the eleventh of the corpora- about $7,000,000. If we separate tion, it marked fourteen years of the six most productive years from unbroken relief operations under 1918 to 1923 inclusive, the aver- essentially the same directors. age per year was some $11,000,000.

The name Near East Relief was The most productive year was given the organization by Con- 1919, when the entire refugee pop- gress, when a Board of 60 charter ulation in' the Near East became members were incorporated in accessible. In that year $19,485,- 1919 by a special act. Twelve of 000 were received. In the single the charter members have died dur- month of March that year the re- ing the decade. Their names are ceipts were $2,988,987.41. This significant of the character and financial statement does not include standing of those who comprized grants by the United States Gov- the corporation: Alexander J. ernment in 1919 and 1920 of $12,- Hemphill, Harry Pratt Judson, 800,000 worth of food stuffs, most- Cardinal Gibbons, Bishop Greer, ly flour, which was used in meeting Cleveiand H. Dodge, William I. the desperate situation in Russian Haven, Charles W. Eliot, Myron T. Armenia during those years, nor Herrick, Henry B. F. McFarland, does it include large commodity Oscar S. Straus, Talcott Williams and other gifts from a great var- and Stanley White. Dr. Samuel iety of sources. If these were T. Dutton had died before the in- added to the figures given above, corporation was completed. It is the total would exceed $110,000,- also an interesting fact that, of the 000.

ten members of the Executive This is a brief backward look, Committee elected at this annual but our interest today lies not pri- meeting, six had served for ten marily in the past but in the years or more. Herbert Hoover futUre. The past has been honor- was a member of the first Execu- able; the future may be no less tive Committee. The work of the notable.

922 The emergency objective which East. They entered at once upon led to the organization has been the task, and for a year and a half reached, so far as the public is con- upon their own responsibility made cerned. The funds in hand and further and more intimate investithe payments yet to come from gations through additional contacts sponsors for children and in pay- with officials and other interested ment of pledges will enable the parties in the Near East. All Committee to place in self-support areas were revisited and condithe last of its wards so that it can tions reviewed and reappraised. say to donors that it has finished The Conservation Committee disits task with honor. covered the beginnings of opera- tions and influences which can be There are, however, other con- completed only by a continuation siderations which it is impossible program. Among the most signifto ignore at this turning-point in the history of the work. Foresee- icant of these are: ing the approach of this period, the Executive Committee in 1926 ap- First.-All countries in the Near pointed a Survey Committee to in- East, with which the Near East vestigate conditions in the Near Relief has had relations, are in East as they relate to the work of complete sympathy, not only with the trustees. This was done with what has been done during the a degree of thoroughness beyond years, but with its present methods all praise. The Survey Committee and with the ideals which it has discovered vast unmet needs which constantly followed and in which could not be met unless there was the governments have become a continuing program beyond the highly sympathetic. These govemergency stage. This conclusion ernments, especially the Soviet Government of Russian Armenia was reached after protracted con- and the Greek Government, are ferences on the field with mis- eager to have the work continue, even after the wards have been sionaries, educators and others. adequately placed. Albania and Among these needs was the desire of the Eastern Churches for aid in Bulgaria, as well as Syria, have promoting unsectarian religious made representations to the Comeducation among their constitu- mittee, assuring it of every posents. This had been begun in the sible cooperation if the Committee orphanages and was being taken will continue work, either as Near up by the ecclesiastics and leaders among the youth of the country. East Relief or as a separate Board, for child betterment, economic and Upon re(!eiving the report of health improvement, and especially the Survey Committee, the Near for the development of agriculture East Relief created a Conservation under modern methods of cultiva- Committee, of which Cleveland E. tion. All of the governments Dodge was Chairman and Dr. Barclay Acheson, Secretary, to throughout the Near East are urgtake up the entire question of un- ing the organization to continue met needs. The Committee was its operations, not as emergency composed of men who are deeply relief, but as a constructive Board interested in the educational, in- cooperating with the governments dustrial, economic, social, health in their desire for modern social, and child welfare work in the Near economic, educational and moral advance.

Second.-The people in all these proven so valuable heretofore in countries, including officials and limited areas. Many of them have leaders as well as the masses, with the languages of the countries, are whom the Near East Relief has in deep sympathy with the ambi- come into close contact during the tions and hopes of the people for last fourteen years, have absolute social and intellectual betterment, confidence in the organization and and are ready to continue, if deall who represent it. They recog- sired, in the same work.

nize that it has had no ulterior Fourth.-All of these Near East motive, and that its work has been countries are entering upon new benevolent, helpful and Christian, periods of intellectual, social and looking to the best interests of the economic change. They are breakpeople in the countries in which the ing with the conservative, hamperwork has been carried on. They ing traditions of the past and are are unanimous in their declara- seeking new methods of modern tions that the work has been full education, social, health and ecoof blessing and that there is much nomic improvement. Many enyet to do. They stand ready, as lightened leaders welcome our individuals and as groups, to co- trusted experts and are ready to cooperate with them in promoting operate wit h the Conservation the higher interests of their people. Committee in organizing and pro- They have observed through years moting forms of work which will the disinterested service rendered benefit all the people as well as the by the Near East Relief and its countries themselves. The people representatives and see in them an are with the new organization.

Third.-The Near East Relief opportunity for realizing higher has raised up and trained a body social ideals for their own people.

of experts on the Near East. By Fifth.-The Near East Relief reason of their years of service and has some 20,000 boys and girls their close contact with the people, who have largely completed their their needs and the resources of practical education in the Near the various countries, they under- East Relief institutions and are stand the economic, social, moral in the process of being integrated and educational conditions and into local society. These, together opportunities that are open for with a few thousands who are still continuation work. These experts in the orphanages, have, with few hoi d positions of commanding exceptions, received their entire leadership in the places in which training for life from the repre- they are now located. They have sentatives of this organization.

a following of Nationals in all They are not hampered by the areas who are eager to see the paralyzing traditions of their fa- principles that have worked so ef- thers. They do not know the age- fectively with the children in the long conservatisms that have pre- orphanages and among those al- vented social, moral and religious ready outplaced, applied in general progress in the Near East. Many to the children of the country. of tbemare well educated in mod- These experts are now available ern methods of agriculture and for continued service if there is a industry and in the use of modern purpose to apply, in the countries tools. In their thinking and out- as a whole, the methods that have look they are Western and pro-

GREAT WORK OF THE NEAR EAST RELIEF

gressive. These children, still gifts have been economically and officially connected with the Near wisely used, and to have confidence East Relief, are in a position to that the work carried on in the become a mighty leaven for perme- Near East has been done upon a ating the society of that country broad basis and that it has been with new, inspiring and construc- done in a spirit of disinterested tive ideas. service. This confidence is of un- tDld value at the present time and Besides these 20,000 children will be absDlutely essential if a now connected with the organiza- general conservation work is to be tion, there are at least 40,000 other undertaken. The organization has boys and girls who have already kept confidence with this public. gone out and have become a part It made its appeal for funds with which to close its emergency obliof the active life of the Near East gation tD its wards, and the public in every country named, including has notably responded. There is Egypt, and in almost every line of a cDnvictiDn that this same public industry. Some of these have al- desires and expects that the fifty ready won positions of respect and or sixty thousand children whom leadership. Their training and the organization has trained shall character are generally recognized be given a chance to use what they as superior to those of others of have already received in leavening their age. There is little tendency the society in all of the countries among these graduates, often of the Near East where they are called "ex-orphans," to return to IDcated. the old life in the static Near East. These 60,000 young people are Seventh.-So far as can be seen, ready instruments for moving their entire countries toward a there is no other body or organizahigher economic and social life and a better civilization, if the old tion. leadership can be retained. In In view Df these and other conview of the comparatively small number of these graduate children siderations, the Trustees of the among the twenty or thirty mil- Near East Relief unanimously lions scattered throughout the voted that a new corporatiDn Near East, there is danger, unless should be formed to carry thrDugh we furnish adequate leadership, the uncompleted work of that Comthat they will be overwhelmed by mittee. February 21, 1930, at 99 the dead weight of the stolid life John Street, New York, where the about them; but with adequate Armenian Relief Committee was leadership they are in a position organized September 16, 1915, the to become a mighty force through- new body was organized under the out all those countries. name of Near East FDundation with the fifteen directors and in- Sixth.-It has been a gratifica- corporators elected: Cleveland E. tion to those who have been con- Dodge, President; Edwin M. Bulknected with the Near East Relief ley, Treasurer; E. C. Miller, Asfrom its beginning to sense the sistant Treasurer and Comptroller, confidence in the organization and Barclay Acheson, Secretary. which appears to be universal The office is at 151 Fifth Avenue, throughout America. The general New York. The FDundatiDn has public seems to believe that its the hearty gODdwill of the trustees of the Near East Relief.

BETHLEHEM'S CHURCH OF THE

BY NANCY VIRGINIA AUSTEN, Fontana, California BETHLEHEM, the little hill trade alive and no doubt gave rise town of Palestine which gave to the manufacture of mother-of- us the year one, is probably pearl rosaries, pins, paper-knives the most famous city in the world. and beads, inlaid woodwork and Its chief glory and significance other relics to delight pilgrims and come from its connection with the tourists. But its streets are pracfirst Christmas, but it entered the tically deserted except at Christpages of history a thousand years mas and Easter when thousands before that as the location of the come to bow before the manger beautiful pastoral of Ruth. It was where, tradition says, the Christalso the home of David. But Beth- child lay. At such times the ordilehem, despite its fame as the home narily quiet streets spring into life of the Royal house of David and and importance with the pomp of the birthplace of the Christ, re- religious parades, the rich silken mained a tiny village until medi- brocades and priceless jewels of eval times when pilgrims began to priestly robes, the flutter of ecvisit the hamlet in such numbers clesiastical banners and the glint .as to increase the population per- of military swords. At first sight manently. we must rub our eyes to make sure that we are not dreaming. Yes, it The present population of twelve is really little Bethlehem filled with thousand or less is made up al- loyal hearts from the distant ends most entirely of Christians: of the earth who have brought Greeks, Latins, French, Germans their gifts of love and devotion to and Armenians who have estab- tbe altar of the Nativity. lished monasteries, convents, -hospitals, schools, industries and or- The center of interest in Bethlephanages there. It seems rather hem is the Church of the Nativity, strange that foreign lands should built over the crypt which was the furnish such a large population for manger of our Lord. This is a little hill town of Palestine where claimed to be the oldest Christian there is practically no business; church in existence. Constantine yet religious zeal alone has for cen- built the first church there in 330 turies carried men and women to A; D;, a magnificent basilica to the limits of the earth and no doubt which journeyed pilgrims from all will continue to do so until the end the countries of Europe. When the of time. The institutions of the Arabs captured Bethlehem they did various Christian sects and nations not destroy the church, probably make up the biggest part of thlil due to the fact that they venerate population . of Bethlehem, but Christ as one of their prophets. strange to say, the whole number Later on the Crusaders regained of Protestant Christians is less the town and rebuilt it, protecting than a hundred. it with a castle which they located near the church. One can find a few pilgrims in Bethlehem any month in the year, This was not, however, the end which fortunately keeps the curio of Bethlehem's troubles. It has suf- )26 fered destruction two or three showered upon the birthplace of times since, and not until the 19th the Christ gifts of gold and devo- century were the Moslems driven tion, sacrifice and adoration.

out, since then the Christians have Almost as soon as we entered the been in undisputed control of the town we came to the quiet square church and the town. There are, in in front of the church around fact, less than half a thousand which the town buildings are Moslems in Bethlehem. grouped: the town hall, the post The town is built on spurs of the office, shops and the simple Arabic hills which jut picturesquely into hotel. Narrow cobblestone streets, the desert valleys toward the J or- quiet and clean, lead off up the hill dan and the Dead Sea depression. from the square. A few silent The sides of the hills are terraced women, regal in their bearing and with fruit and olive trees, vine- splendid in the characteristic and yards, grain fields, and pastures, striking Bethlehem costumes, flit- making it a restful, beautiful spot ted by on homely errands. A boy in that semi-barren district. Sheep passed with a goat skin of water graze peacefully on the hillsides as hanging across his shoulder. A of old; goats, more industrious and man, in flowing aba and bright cot- with true pioneer instinct, reach ton turban and a woman with a up the trees for a leaf or bit of bundle of laundry on her head, green. passed swiftly and silently and dis- The Bethlehem hills divide the appeared into the stone doorway of town naturally into several sec- a stone house. All the houses seem tions, which is really fortunate, to be of stone; even the doorways since it provides the Greeks, and window frames are of stone, Latins, Armenians, French and for lumber is scarce and expensive Germans with natural barriers for in the Holy Land. Balconies often their separate institutions each jut out over the narrow streets with its own national population. from second floors, and strips of The Church of the Nativity has camel or goat hair canvas are fast- seen important functions during ened over the streets from building the centuries of its existence, to building, thus aff,ording a wel- among them the crowning of Bald- come relief from the burning sun.

win as King, on Christmas Day in We paused at the Psalmist's well 1101. Europe's crowned heads have by the gate, the memory of which from time to time tried to outdo made David long for a drink when each other in munificent gifts to he was hiding from the Philistines.

little Bethlehem, the City of David (2 Samuel 23: 14 and 15.) and the Christ: a Byzantine em- A woman came to draw water, peror covered the walls of the and I stared most impolitely at her church with gilded mosaics; Ed- picturesque Bethlehem costume. I ward the IV of England gave it a hope she forgave me if she noticed wonderful leaden roof (which, by my rudeness; however, I am sure the way, the Turks tore off and she was utterly unconscious of the melted into bullets), and thus striking picture she made. Her through the succeeding ages the voluminous skirt touched the French, the Romans, the Greeks, ground; the sleeves of her velvet the Russians, the Germans, the jacket had embroidered cuffs ex- English and the Armenians have tending from the wrist to the elbow

which hung almost to the hem of is under the care of the Greeks, her skirt; coins worn as a necklace Latins and Armenians, each of and a headpiece showed the size of whom guards jealously every tiny her dowry; her hair was piled privilege which has been so hardly high on top of her head and was won through the centuries.

covered with a long shawl-like As we entered the simple, nar- white veil which was pinned under row doorway and looked around her chin, the corners falling al- the hallowed enclosure upon the most to the ground. No d(mbt the undivided expanse of nave, tran- veil protected her hair from dust sept and choir, a feeling of space, of quietness, of sanctity pervaded the sacred place. The mellowed lime- stone columns, the stone floor worn by the feet of millions of pilgrims who for centuries have trod the very spot where we stood, the primitive figures representing the ancestors of Christ and of Joseph and of the disciples breathed a se- cret of the church's antiquity.

Two sets of steps descended from the body of the church to the grot- to underneath where the Christ- child lay on that most memorable night. The grotto has been con- verted into a chapel of the Nativ- ity. Its floor is paved with marble slabs and the stone walls have been lined with marble. Thirty-two hanging lamps filled the little chap- el with a soft radiance and candles flickered in a golden haze. A re- Photograph of Presbyterion Board 01 ForeiY'1i cess in the wall filled with swaying Miss/ons silver lamps proclaimed itself the THE MANGER-THE CHURCH OF l.'HE spot we were seeking even before NATIVITY we caught the gleam of the silver and her neck and shoulders from star set into the marble slab in the sun. Unlike the Moslem veil, front of the altar. We bent over the Bethlehem veil does not cover it and read: Jesus Christus natus the face. Two men sauntered by est hie de Virgine Maria.

with bright orange turbans coiled I turned back the pages of mem- thickly ar<mnd their heads as a ory to the Christmas mornings of protection from the sun, their long my childhood when the Christmas seamless coats fluttering behind story was each year freshly beauti- them in the welcome breeze. fied and endeared. This then was Before us loomed the Church of where the story began; this the the Nativity, the simple mellowed manger venerated through the cen- stone basilica which alone of all the turies, around which have gathered early buildings has weathered the in countless numbers poems, songs, vicissitudes of the ages. The church traditions and prayers. My reverie

MISSIONS A BACKGROUND FOR WORLD PEACE

was broken by the voice of our ocean of adoration and unselfish guide telling us that the silver star devotion which envelopes the had been placed there by the Lat- Christ-child and His birthplace for ins, and that the silver lamps sway- the world at large. To those at a ing gently in the recess were in the distance the star of Bethlehem still shines with a steady light. We do custody of the Latins, Greeks and not care who has the right to polish Armenians each of whom held par- the silver star, who may dust the ticular rights in the chapel and brocade hangings or light the who frequently charged each other lamps. Without any lamps or stars with trying to gain an inch or so or hangings ChTl'istendom would at the expense of the others. The continue to sing: "Joy to the world Latins, Greeks and Armenians the Lord has come." Only to those must keep constant watch lest by guarding the lamps and star and some slip a tiny bit of dearly ecclesiastical prerogatives have gained privilege be lost; for once such ambitions obscured the real lost it can be restored only by bit- significance of the birthplace of the ter fighting. But this backwash of jealous bickering is lost in the wide Prince of Peace.

MISSIONS A BACKGROUND FOR WORLD PEACE BY MRS. SCHUYLER C. WOODHULL President of the Women'g Missionary Society of the Presbyterian Synod oj Minnesota W HEN Mrs. Tsune Gauntlett, Commandments including: "Thou the Japanese delegate to the shalt not kill." fifth Conference on the Cause and Cure of War, held in The early Church was essential- Washington last January, was in- ly a missionary Church. By the troduced to the Conference, she end of the first century the new said: "I owe all my English to the religion had been preached from missionaries in Tokio. We did not Babylon to Spain, from Alexandria start this Peace Movement, it was to Rome. The ancient Roman world started years ago by our grand- was a world without love. The life mothers in every mission station of the Christians· was a life of around the world." This recent love. "Behold! how they love one testimony of a Japanese woman another" was the common exclamagives added weight to the theme of tion. Through all the thousands this paper. of Christian inscriptions in the Ro- man catacombs, not one has been When Christ was foretold in discovered expressing resentment prophecy, He was named the Day- or even reproach. Peace is the all spring from on high who should prevailing note. There can be no guide our feet into the Way of doubt that in theory the early Peace. He taught: "Blessed are Church stood sternly against all the peacemakers"; "Love your participation in war for many genenemies"; "Bless them that curse erations after the Apostolic Age. you." He ratified anew the Ten The positive assertion made by 4

Dymond and others, that for 200 the fourteenth century, a great reyears not a Christian soldier is on ligious movement for peace struck record in the Roman armies, may the minds of different nations of seem strong, but it is .confirmed by Europe. Pilgrims in white gar- Rome's historian, Gibbon. ments mar c h e d everywhere, preaching the duty of Christian After 250 A. D., the demand for peace. In the fifteenth century, the holiness of life was insensibly Moravians took. strong ground transferred from the Church at against war. Then Hugo Grotius large to the clergy. In place of the primitive democracy of the Apos- of Holland raised his voice. In tolic Church, there grew up an ec- the seventeenth century, George clesiastical aristocracy. Wealth and Fox and William Penn became popularity began to flow into the great champions of peace. In once despised Church at Rome. 1905, in New York City, the Then there came a change from Honorable David J. Brewer set the worship of the one God and forth international peace as one of His only Son to the reverence for the objectives of a proposed federacountless intermediary saints, and tion of churches. A campaign in from peace to militancy. At the the interest of this movement has time of the' accession of Constan- since that time been persistently tine, the Roman Empire was in a carried on. In August, 1914, the state of anarchy and confusion. delegates from several lands con- The Church numbered at this time vened at Constance, Germany, to about eight millions. Constantine found The World Alliance for Properceived in the Church a prop to moting International Friendship his falling Empire. On the day Through the Churches. The out- break of the WorId War compelled when he entered Rome as conquer- the conference to transfer its sesor, his hands red with blood, his sions to London, where it completbanner displaying the Cross, which ed its labors. for the first time was chosen for a military symbol, organized Chris- We all know the many agencies tianity surrendered her sublime at work today for peace. The World Court, the League of Nadistinction as the religion of peace. tions, the e'xchange professors, the The fact that, by Constantine's in- Friendship Tours, the Peace Contervention, suppression and perse- ferences, the International Insticution of the Church ceased, has tute held at Geneva every August, blinded Christian people from his and many others. But I place our day to this to the evil that was great missionary enterprise at the wrought. head of all these. Our mission- Unhappily, not even the leaders aries believe, to quote Dr. Arthur of the Reformation broke with J. Brown, that men and women militarism. Missionary activity everywhere have like passions, are was strangled within the Church capable of development, responsive during the period of bloody wars to friendship, worthy of respect. lasting a century and a half. For- They do not go down to other peotunately, the Church has always ple as superiors to inferiors, but secretly cherished Christ's ideals as men to brother men, bearing the of peace. In England in the seventh same burdens and needing the and eighth centuries, war was for same Saviour. They know that a time declared anti-Christian. In

there is only one race-the human Chairma"n of the Foreign Policy race. They spend not a few months Association of New York, returned but a lifetime amid climatic and from the Conference on Pacific Re- unsanitary con d it ion s which lations, having gone to Japan by sapped the vitality of our troops in way of Russia and China, he was Cuba and the Philippines. They asked: "To what extent are the do not forsake their posts in time Christian missionaries to blame of danger. A British Admiral for the Far Eastern muddle?" He saluted a few missionaries who, replied: in spite of the perils which beset I think the answer could be given them, declined to take refuge on in three words: Not at all. But, when his ship of war, and he exclaimed: put that briefly, one subjects oneself "Ladies and gentlemen, your cour- to critidsm for not telling the whole age is magnificent. Men have been truth. The Christian missionaries in given the Victoria Cross for less China have not Christianized China. heroism than yours." Isn't this the However, they have in indirect waysspirit that will make friends of all educational, social and hygienicpeoples? performed for China what seems to me the finest work which has been done No Far Eastern country ever there by any foreign influences whathad a leper asylum, a school for ever. the deaf or blind, an orphanage, or a hospital for the insane,· until the As you go through some of the back Christian missionary appeared. parts of China, seeing a few of the older women and a few of the younger Think of the enlightenment that ones still with bound feet, and com- has come to many people with the pare them with the younger generaintroduction of printing by the tion of Chinese, you realize that, if missionaries, another agency bind- the missionaries had only a tiny bit ing people together. The spirit to do in that great unbinding, not which prompted an educational merely of the feet of the women of China but in a very real sense of the missionary in China to decline a spirit of the women of China, they high salaried presidency of a gov- have performed a magnificent task. ernmtlnt university, giving as his reason: "I want to translate the The Honorable John Barrett, Bible and to train up Christian former American minister to Siam, ministers," is surely the spirit of said that 150 missionaries gave loving his neighbor as himself. him less trouble in five years than The missionary has always stood fifteen business men gave him in for the brotherhood of man, which five months.

implies those relations between na- With testimonies like these, I tions which make for peace and feel convinced that our noble mis- good will. " sionaries are indeed ambassadors When Mr. James McDonald, of peace.

WHAT IS CHRISTIAN EDUCATION?

Religious education in the Christian sense includes all efforts and processes which help to bring children, young people, and adults into a vital and saving experience of God revealed in Christ; to quicken the sense of God as a living reality, so that communion with Him in prayer and worship becomes a natural habit and principle of life; to enable them to interpret the meaning of their growing experience of life in the light of ultimate values; to develop a deepening fellowship with Christ which will find expression in attitudes and habits of Christ-like living in common life and in all human relations; and to enlarge and deepen the understanding of the historic facts on which Christianity rests and of the rich content of Christian experience, belief and doctrine.-Definition approved by the International Council of Religious Education.

MEETING AND AUTUMN CONFER-

ENCE-AMERICAN MISSION TO LEPERS .n. " ; LL Roads Lead to Rome" was evidenced not only by the denomi- the ancient saying. On the national and priv.ate hospitals, but 16th of October all roads led by the Government which he placed to New York for the annual meet- next to the United States in the ing of the American Mission to part it is taking to care for its Lepers. "Conquerors" came from lepers. He credited the Japanese India, Africa, Japan to tell of their Government also with welcoming conquests-conquests over suffer- the teaching of Christianity in its ing and ignorance and disease, leav- hospitals on account of the good ing happiness, health and hope in influence it brought with it, and their wake. The home "reserves" said, "The outlook for ridding were also there in full force with Japan of leprosy is very bright, representative delegations from and I believe it can be done." various points in eight States, to hear the reports of their workers Mr. Delavan L. Pierson, Editor in the field and to tell of their own of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE efforts at home. WORLD, recently returned from a world tour of observation, reported Dr. Cleland B. McAfee, Secretary as his outstanding impression the of the Presbyterian Board of For- wide prevalence of leprosy, and eign Missions and recently returned how little was being done compared from a round-the-world journey, with what should be done. He astold of his observations of leper serted that the British and Amerwork in foreign lands. He pointed ican Missions to Lepers have inout three important things which deed set the pace in the work being could be done regarding leprosy in done for lepers under a definite every land: first, the spread of lep- plan. It is his firm belief, too, that rosy can be checked by isolation of while it might be that we can lepers; second, as leprosy is not spend money too lavishly for our hereditary the untainted children churches and educational equipcan be cared for and protected ment at home, we cannot do enough from their leper parents; third, to aid the lepers, suffering as they their pain can be relieved and com- suffer, in making them more fort brought to them and "life for healthy and happy and showing the lepers can be made very rich them through our sympathy the by making the love of God a real blessedness that comes through fact to them." Jesus Christ and His love.

Dr. A. Oltmans, Secretary for Dr. George W. McCoy, Director Japan of the American Mission to of the National Institute of Health Lepers and Superintendent of the of the United States, and formerly I-Hai-en Leper Mission Hospital at Director of the Leprosy Research Tokyo, spoke of the progress in Station at Molokai, Hawaii, spoke Japan. After briefly outlining the of the leprosy situation from the work in Japan from its beginning medical viewpoint. In speaking 40 years ago, Dr. Oltmans men- of the trends in dealing with leptioned the lively interest now being rosy today, Dr. McCoy said that 932

CHINESE REDS BEHEAD WOMEN MISSIONARIES

too rigid segregation is not advo- sionary from the Sudan, laid much cated as strongly as formerly as it stress on the efficacy of prayer in causes many early cases to be hid- connection with his work, and Dr. den, but that home treatment, A. D. Helser also attributed the clinics and instruction in preven- success of his work among the leptive measures are recommended. ers in Nigeria to medicine, diet and last but not least, to prayer. Dr. T. A. Lambie, medical mis- CHINESE REDS BEHEAD WOMEN MISSIONARIES T HE New York Times, October Advances were made at the direction 11, published [the following of the Church Missionary Society to dispatch from its special cor- meet ransom demands, but without avail. respondent in Shanghai: The editor of the Christian Cen- Out of the mountains of North Fu- turyadds: kein came the story today of the terrible fate of the two British women It seems clear that no political mis·sionaries, Miss Eleanor June Har- significance attaches to this murder. rison and Miss Edith Nettleton, slain It has been simply a bandit outrage at the end of weeks of negotiations in a notoriously bandit-ridden section with bandits for their ransom. of China. The result, however, is none the less distressing, and will The two women, both advanced in bring a new realization of the danger years and of long mission service which today attends missionary work among the Chinese, were subjected to in that country. keen physical and mental torture and finally, to quote those who attempted It is probable that there will be to free them, "clumsily and brutally many to censure the British consular beheaded." officials for their failure to pay the ransom, $100,000 in the first instance The sufferings of the women were and later $50,000, that might have related by A. J. Martin, British Con- saved the lives of these two women. sul at Kienningfu, and the Rev. Dr. But the problem presented to the mis- Alfred Sills of the Church Missionary sion and political authorities, both Society, who returned from Kienning- Chinese and British, was a terribly fu after several weeks of strenuous difficult one. The C. M. S., although but unavailing attempts to save the as hard pressed for funds as any miscaptives. sion agency, was in favor of paying what the bandits demanded. Its first Chinese 'officials at Kien Yanghsien concern was for the safety of its were informed of the abduction and workers, and its readiness to go to at first displayed indifference, the any length to secure their freedom British investigators said, but after- will be honored in all quarters. But ward sent troops to the area. No the political authorities, although as strenuous efforts were made, however, much concerned for the safety of to release the missionaries. those involved as government agents are, decided against the payment. To More recently the Chinese captors ransom these women, it was believed, ·sent a finger in a letter to the British would be to expose all other foreigners authorities, saying they had cut it in Chinese interior to increased danfrom Miss Nettleton's hand and, un- ger of abduction by bandits. less their demand of $50,000 ransom was complied with at once, further harm would come to the missionaries.

Of THE

Retrospect Gospel of the Kingdom shall be preached in the whole world for a tes- The closing year has been a hard timony unto all the nations, and then one for many people. Readers of THE shall the end come." And not till then. REVIEW do not need to be told of the wide extent and serious character of A. J. B.

the business depression. Million8 of Return of Editor Pierson men and women have been out of employment, and many others have had Our readers will be glad to know of their incomes reduced. Missionary the return of Mr. and Mrs. Delavan boards, and educational and philan- L. Pierson from their long journey thropic agencies have felt the effects, around the world. Their schedule inand of course the weekly religious pa- c1uded Syria, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Inpers and the monthly missionary mag- dia, Burma, Straits Settlements, azines have suffered. Thoughtful China, Korea, Japan, Australia, New observers believe that the tide is turn- Guinea, and the Hawaiian Islands. It ing and that better times will soon was a long tour, involving hard travcome; but many have painful reason eling and the strain of many conferto remember the year 1930. ences and addresses. But it also A review of the year from the view- involved the joy of meeting missionpoint of missionary work is presented aries of whose work Mr. and Mrs. in articles in this issue, and we need Pierson had long known, and with not cover the ground again. Suffice many of whom they had formed ties it to emphasize the hope that Chris- of personal friendship when on furtian people everywhere will approach loughs in America. They brought the new year with a renewal of faith blessing and cheer to hundreds of and consecration. Evangelical religion lonely and burdened workers, and they is being assailed on all sides and world in turn received rich blessing for conditions are seriously disturbing; themselves as they communed with but let us remember that such assaults their fellow Christians both native and conditions are not new. The and foreign, and witnessed the wonchurches have faced them many times der working of the Holy Spirit in before. "But, Lord, Thy Church is other lands. In the good providence praying yet." Let us hear again the of God, they suffered neither illness voice of the Master to His disciples nor accident, and returned in excellent when, 1900 years ago, they went to health and spirits.

Him with sinking hearts and waver- We are sure that our readers have ing faith: "See that ye be not been keenly interested in Mr. Pier80n's troubled: for these things must needs Travel Letters, which have appeared come to pass; but the end is not yet. in successive numbers of THE REVIEW. But he that endureth to the end, the They have showed a remarkably insame shall be saved." Then followed telJigent understanding of the situa- His ringing words to the effect that tion in Asia and the problems now the troubles which so distressed them, affecting missionary work. Other arinstead of being a reason for discour- ticles from his pen will appear from agement and inactivity, were a re- time to time. The service to the misnewed challenge to go forward. "This sionary cause, which he has long ren- 934

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

dered with such eminent ability, will its the respect of the world. It is a be still further broadened and en- great thing to see a revolutionist who riched by the observations and ex- relies not upon the sword but upon periences during his journeys on the moral suasion, even though some of mission field. his followers do not thus limit them- As the Acting Editor was to have selves. In his demand for independ- charge of THE REVIEW only for the ence he undoubtedly represents the year of Mr. Pierson's absence, his edi- Hindus, who form the largest element torial responsibilities terminate with in the population of India. But there the present number. He has found are others. The 70,000,000 Moslems, his work very congenial, and he deeply while disliking British rule, would dis- appreciates the generously sympathet- like Hindu rule more, and they know ic cooperation which he has received that the success of Gandhi's independ- from the office staff, the Board of Di- ence program would place them in a rectors, the Editorial Council, and hopeless minority to their her~ditary many readers of THE REVIEW. With foes. The rulers of the 72,000,000 the background of an experience of 34 people in the self-governing native years as Secretary of a Board of Mis- states look askance upon Gandhi be- ,sions and this additional year in the cause they realize that the security of editorial chair, he is in a positi()n to their thrones depends upon British know the important place that THE protection. The representatives of the REVIEW occupies in the home and for- nearly 60,000,000 outcastes know that eign missionary work of the churches. the justice which they now receive in It is an essential part of that work, the courts and the gradual imptove~ maintained at no small sacrifice by ment in their lot are due to British devoted men and women who recog- rule and would be jeopardized if the nize the value of its service. I ear- high caste Brahmins had the power.

nestly bespeak for them, and particu- The Eurasians, who form a consider~ larly for Mr. Pierson who bears the able portion of the 4,754,000 people heaviest burden, the continued co- who told the census takers that they operation and prayers of all the read- are Christians, would far rather be ers of THE REVIEW. A. J. B. under British rule than under that of Hindus who despise them. The com- Does Gandhi Represent All mercial class, while not numerically India? strong, is influential and fears that internecine strife would demoralize The American people are in danger business if the British were to with- of being misled by the frequently pub- draw.

lished statements on thi,s subject. For There are indeed exceptions to these example, Dr. John Haynes Holmes, in generalizations. Some individuals in his Introduction to Gandhi's Autobi- all these groups support Gandhi's pro- ography, writes of Gandhi as "su- gram. The cla,sses shade into one an- preme throughout all India," "his word other at the edges. But the general everywhere obeyed," and his "person- statement may stand that nearly one al influence over three hundred mil- half of the people of India, while as lions of his fellowmen." The New restive as Gandhi under foreign dom- Yark Times publishes a letter from an ination, fear independence, India's East Indian stating "the country (In- demands at the London Conference are dia) is solidly behind Gandhi's Na- for dominion status. We would not tional Congress." minimize the significance of the inde- We share the general opinion re- pendence movement that Gandhi repgarding the high character and patri- resents, or the reverence with which otic motives of this extraordinary ma>1l. he is rel<arded. But India is not Whatever may be thought of the wis- "solidly behind" him, nor is he "every- dom of his methods, his sincerity mer- :where obeyed." A. J. B.

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions It was with keen regret that the preceding the Day of Prayer-apeditor of this department found that pointed subcommittees for the set-up credit for the first two methods printed in six districts. in the October issue was not given to Each of these subcommittees Mrs. Fred Rector ·of Pawtucket, R. I. planned for more than one meeting Mrs. Rector is one of the officers in covering the district so that a total of the Woman's Baptist Mission Society thirty meetings were held with an atof Rhode Island. She taught methods tendance of more than 6,000 women. last year in several summer schools. T'oronto, Canada, organized for SUGGESTED PROGRAM FOR eighteen simultaneous interracial WORLD DAY OF PRAYER meetings. An interesting feature of By MRS. S. S. HOUGH these meeting·s was the reading of the Scripture by new Canadians in their Chairman of World Day of Prayer own languages. Committee Los Angeles reports the plan of February 20, 1931 holding a number of simultaneous We are rapidly approaching another meetings rather than a central meet- World Day of Prayer. Reports of the ing, this method having met with observance of 1930 are conclusive much favor and ,success. Twice the proof that the service may be adapted number of women attended and the successfully to any group whether ur- offering more than doubled.

ban or rural by wise, careful, and A Township Meeting in Massa.chusetts prayerful planning begun many weeks in advance of the day. The following "Apparently no one here had ever suggestions have been culled from re- heard of the Day of Prayer but I ports of meetings in crowded cities, found several women who became insmall towns, rural communities, iso- terested at once. With that much enlated frontier places, mission schools, couragement I went ahead with plans. and family circles, among women, girls and children. "We have ten Protestant churches in our township which covers an area Planning in Crowded Cities of about forty-five square miles. That means that some of the churches are How to make the Day of Prayer ef- as far as twelve miles apart and many fective in a large city has been a real of the women have no means of trans- problem for those who seek to hold portathm. Still, nothing venture, one central service. Many cities, how- nothing have. ever, have discovered a better method "One very important thing was to and instead of planning for one serv- find the right place for the meeting. ice which may call out a comparatively The Episcopal church in the main vil- small group they are organizing for lage is very lovely and I found they many meeting·s and find attendance would be glad to have us meet there.

doubled. "Enough of the 'Call to Prayer'

Greater New York organized its were secured to supply the women of General Committee about three months all the churches. The date and place 936

METHODS FOR WORKERS

of meeting was written on each call "We were a gathering of 14 women and bundles of them, together with a in the country but a wonderful spirit few programs, were distributed to of prayer was manifested, so glad to 'key' women. These were given out be able to have a share." in the churches for two Sundays before the meeting and the meeting was "We hope from now on this day will spoken of wherever there were groups always be observed by the women of of women gathered. this small mining and lumbering town on the Pacific Coast." "I had thought possibly twenty-five women might come but fifty women Home Mission Schools Also came, took part whole heartedly and expressed themselves as anxious to re- "The World Day of Prayer for Mispeat such a worthwhile service. Our sions is annually observed as one of offering was over $14.00. We all the greatest days of the year at the agreed that next year we would begin Pattie C. Stockdale Memorial School. earlier to make plans." The program has been so arranged that there could be student group Lonely, Frontier Places Link Up meetings for prayer at almost every hour through the day. Usually we "I write this on the evening of the begin with a before-breakfast prayer Day of Prayer. Our Birdtail Indian meeting, but this year we had early women have just gone home with their breakfast and were ready f.or a servhusbands who brought them with ice of prayer for missions at six-thirtheir dear brown babies. Just a few ty o'clock. In this meeting a talk was of them, but they came the fifteen made upon the significance of this day miles in to Birtle, to join with a few of prayer, and after each one of the friends here in the praise and prayer household had joined in audible petirising from the hearts of women the tion for the great cause of missions world over. we went out to make the whole day, as far as possible, one of intercession. "Our meeting started with dinner for those who had arrived, and then "One o'clock in the afternoon found we commenced our hour of prayer and the women of the Missionary Society song, mingling our voices and lan- joining in a special service of prayer. guages. It was a good hour, for we Even in this remote valley our women ,sang and prayed to Him who hears felt their oneness with the rest of the all tongues, and conue'iCenus to bless praying world, and the work of misall simple, eager hearts. With a cup sions became more real to us all. of tea for all twenty who came together, words of good wishes, our "At night there was a service of ,splendid Indian friends made ready prayer in our chapel at which were for the road once more. As I write present men and women and young they will have reached home. We people. The regular mid-week prayer pray that in their lives and in ours meeting was postponed until Friday Jesus Christ may indeed be lifted up." night so that we might gather to- gether to unite our voices with those "In a lonely corner of our province of earnest souls throughout the world." one woman left alone, went through the program of reading and prayer In one Negro school the four parts and sent her offering of one dollar." of the program were divided with a teacher speaking on each, and students "The daughter from a manse in an offering the prayers. Sometimes this outlying district came to Vancouver school arranges to have only the high to spend the day with a sick mother. school pupils in the assembly room, In the quiet of the sick room they had other years they have the entire school their own prayer service at the same in the chapel. hour the meetings were held in the churches and followed the program This day may be an integral part used in our gatherings." of the program of religious education. The chapel service offers a good time

for the observance. Preparation, how- Committee. This committee secured ever, may be made in the young peo- flags of many nations and made a ple's meeting on the preceding Sun- Christian flag. The Publicity Com- day, and in a faculty meeting. While mittee interviewed the ministers a teacher may have the day in charge, whose services were being broadcast she will wisely ask a few students and asked them to make special an- from the different classes to plan with nouncemimts. They also enlisted the her. Together they will arrange to editors of the church page of daily have students participate. papers and supplied articles about the A Girl's Vesper Service Day of Prayer. Multigraphed letters were sent to every church. The secretary- of young women's work of one of the churches of Winni- The Program Committee adapted peg, Canada, took it upon herself to the program and made assignments. initiate plans for a young women's The girls who had part in the service service. She writes, "I took the ini- held a meeting of their own for retiative early last fall. I obtained the hearsal. To the last meeting of the names of the secretaries of young committees were invited representawomen's work in the Anglican, Pres- tives from all the churches, an attendbyterian, Baptist, Church of Christ ance of seventy-four. This gave and United Church-these together opportunity for the final check-up and with representatives from the Y. W. promotion. C. A., Girl's Work Board, and Baptist Young People's Union, I called to a "The Vesper Service was largElly meeting in my home early in January. attended. There was a vested choir of thirty-six teen-age girls. Immedi- "Enthusing these women and girls ately following the Day of Prayer a to take hold of this entirely new and committee was appointed to plan for untried idea was the hardest bit of the service in 1931."

work I did throughout. From this Visualizations small beginning we tried to widen our scope to include as many nationalities, Many groups feel that visualizing denominations, and clubs as possible; parts of the program helps greatly in this necessitated several meetings. interpreting the message.

"We think the whole success de- During the closing period of silent pended on the two large preparatory meditation and consecration in one meetings. At the first one, held in the church, the room was darkened and an Y. W. C. A., we had about sixteen illuminated cross shone out while the representatives of various organiza- organist played softly "When I Surtions present. There was a great deal vey the Wondrous Cross" followed, of telephoning before this meeting during silent prayer, by the hymn "0 not only to church groups but to na- Jesus I Have Promised," played softly tional groups and to clubs such as on the chimes.

Quota Club (a Business Women's Several groups used an offering Service Club), the Manitoba Teach- service visualizing the objects for which the offering was taken. These er's Federation, and the Manitoba As- are made available for other groups sociation of Graduate Nurses. At this desiring to use them in the future. meeting brief reports were given and They are entitled "A Vehicle of Proga ten-minute inspirational address on ress" and "An Offering Service" ei- Pentecost and the World Day of ther may be obtained from denomina- Prayer. At this meeting it was de- tional boards, 6 copies for 10 cents. cided that our service be a Vesper Service and Committees on Program, The young women of one city ef- Music, Decoration, PUblicity and Ex- fectively combined the Scripture re- tension were appointed. A Ukrainian sponsive reading with the secti~m young woman headed the Decorations "Jesus the Desire of All Nations" in

METHODS FOR WORKERS

last year's pr{)gram, in the following No mortal did invent it, But God by angels sent it, manner: The leader, a girl dressed in white S) deeD and earnest, yet S() sweet and plain. stood behind an altar on which lay a large open Bible with a row of tall The love that it revealeth lighted candles on either side. The All earthly sorrows healeth; national, dress,l!d in costume ap- They flee like mist before the break of proached the altar and looking up into day. .

the face Of the leader, made the ap- When, 0 my soul, thou learnest, This song of songs in earnest, peal-the leader answering in the words of Scripture. Thy cares and sorrows all shall pass away. An American Student-Many of us are not satisfied-everywhere we turn Leader-I will sing unto the Lord we see things that are not Christian. as long as I live. We have been looking at Christ ….. . we see that he has something to give I will sing praises to my God while us. We see that we need Him and we I have any being. want Him. Jesus said, These things have I Leader-In the last day, that great spoken unto you that my j{)y may be day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried in you and that your joy may be made saying, If any man thirst let him come full. unto me and drink. Blessed are they that hunger and thirst after righteous- Sing unto Jehovah a new song and ness for they shall be filled. His praise from the end of the earth; ye that go down to the sea, and all I am the bread of life; he that that is therein, the isles and the incometh to me shall never hunger. habitants thereof. Let the wilderness and the cities thereof lift up their Antiphonal Duet-Art Thou Weary. voice, the villages and the inhabitants A Japanese Student-I am looking thereof sing. for God; can you show Him to me? Leader-So it has been through all Gandhi of India-I have not yet the ages among all the races and na- found Him …… It is an unbroken tions of all lands. torture to me that I am still so far F10r this is life …… to know God. from Him. Philip saith unto him, Lord, show us the Father and it 8ufficeth us. Leader-The whole head is sick and Jesus saith unto him, He that hath the whole heart faint. From the sole seen me hath seen the Father. of the foot even unto the head there In Christ men have found God com- is no soundness in it; but wounds and ing out of the inaccessible distances bruises and putrifying sores. and drawing indescribably near. A Buddhist of China-All my life Jesus said, They that are whole I have been seeking light for my mind need not a physician, but they that and peace for my heart. I have tried are sick. I am come that they might Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism in have life and that they might have it more abundantly. vain. Leader-Jesus said, I am the light Come unto me all ye that are weary and heavy laden and I will give you of the world, he that followeth me shall rest. not walk in darkness but shall have the light of life. The Children's Hour A Latin American Skeptic-You "For the first two years we held have a song in your heart; ……that only one central meeting for children is why we came to hear. A hidden in Rochester, N. Y. A circular letter voice sings "A Song in the Night." was sent to each church in the city asking that fifteen children from each There is a song so thrilling, Junior department of the Sunday- So far all songs excelling, school be appointed to represent them. We had at each of these meetings That he who sings it, sings it oft again. about one hundred children.

"For two years we have been hold- sonville, Florida. Try it in your coming meetings in four sections of the munity or through a near-by station. city. Early in the year I asked the pastors of four churches near the cen- Printed Material Available ter of each section for the use of their church auditoriums for our meetings. "A Call to Prayer" by Baroness We have always had a cordial response. Van Boetzellaer van Dubbledam, The Netherlands; a special "Call for "A circular letter was carried to Young People" by the same author, each church in the city by the council (both free with orders for p'rograms.) representative, who was responsible for getting the advertising acros,s in The Program-"Ye Shall Be My her church and Sunday-school. Witnesses," by Miss Kathleen Mac- Arthur of Toronto, Canada (2c, $1.75 "If the entertaining church had a per 100). Suggestions for leaders religious work director she, with the free with each order for programs. pastor's aid, attended to the church Special suggestions for young people invitations for the community, either also free. by telephone cr letter, enlisting the cooperation of all pastors and super- A Service of Consecration, "Lookintendents. ing Unto Jesus" by Miss Jean Paxton, of New York (10c, only two being "In one community, two years ago, needed). the pastor of the entertaining church asked the neighboring pastors to come A poster, new design in colors (10c). with their children and lead their groups in prayer. After the children's Seals for use on letters and envehour he called a meeting of the pas- lopes ($1.75 per 1,000, 25c per 100). tors and as a result there were regular community meetings during Lent with Separate sheet of pictures illustrata celebration of the Lord's Supper in ing the projects, same as used on prowhich Methodist, Baptist, Lutheran, gram, may be had free of charge, if Episcopalian, Presbyterian' and Evan- needed. gelical churches united. This union is still in operation for the best inter- "An Offering Service," "A Vehicle est of the community. of Progress" (another offering serv- ice) "A Praise Service." Any of these "Last March, although the rain fell may be had in mimeographed form, in torrents, over' four hundred chil- six copies for IOc. dren of different races representing about fifty churches attended the serv- Order from denominational Mis,sion ices. Children's choirs were used- Boards. simple programs prepared and printed containing prayers adapted for use by LIFE'S SEVEN STAGES children and linking them in friendship with the children of all lands and First Prize Demonstration for Receivraces." ing the Christmas Offering, Chautauqua, N. Y. On the Air By NELLIE E. KUHNS, Erie, Pa. Increasing number,s of radio stations are setting apart some period of The cast requires seven peI1sons as the day for broadcasting a brief serv- Christmas Spirits, with an interpreter ice. Frequently it is the morning de- and supporting characters-IS pervotional hour. In s'ome places it is the s'ons: The Interpreter, the Seven twilight hour. WEAF of New York Christmas Spirits; a very small girl; had a hook-up for a 15-minute Day of a school girl of eight; a girl graduate; Prayer service of eighteen stations two lovers; a mother with baby in from New York to Omaha, Nebraska, arms and smaIl child; a middle-aged and from Portland, Maine, to J ack- woman; and an old lady with white hair.

Christmas envelopes should be given out before this service which is held at the December auxiliary meeting

METHODS FOR WORKERS

when the Christmas offering is to be When the seven Spirits return with received. the offering let them turn and face the audience with the offering plates in Stage setting may be white back- their hands, while those behind them ground with holly wreaths. Soft music on the platform join with them and the may be used as curtain rises, and dur- audience in singing: "Christ for the ing intervals. World We Sing." (Curtain.) Interpreter: Seven Spirits of AN "ABSENT MEMBERS MEETING" Christmas are about to appear. They are the spirits that guide and care for By MRS. P. H. AUSTIN humanity at each of the seven stages of human life: babyhood, childhood, I heard a pastor say that he had youth, lovetime, motherhood, middle- been wondering as to what time of age, and those in the sunset glow. year his parishoners were at home; Each spirit will bring with her some- that in the winter most of them went one representative of our foreign to Florida, and in the summer most fields, of some phase of our work, of them were at the seashore. This standing for the seven stages of wom- set me to wondering just what method anhood we work to redeem and bless. was used, if any, to keep these folks in touch with the home church. And Enter Spirit clothed in crimson lead- then a suggestion came to me as to a ing tiny Japanese kindergarten child; plan for keeping in touch with our Spirit in orange follows with eight- missio.nary women who are away, so year-old school girl with bag of books; that they may realize we as an or- Spirit in green walks beside two lov- ganization, are interested in· them, ers (Hindu maid and man); Spirit in and at the same time guard against blue guides Chinese mother carrying their losing interest in us. baby and leading small child; Spirit in yellow walks beside college girl in Why not have an "Absent Members' cap and gown; Spirit in violet walks Meeting." Gather correspondence with a serious, middl&-aged Korean from those who are away. Ask these Bible-woman; while Spirit in silver to write newsy letters concerning leads a very old negro woman with their surroundings and activities. white hair, but with gay turban and Have excerpts made of personal letneckerchief. When all are upon the ters received by friends of the abplatform in semi-circle facing audi- sentees. Have a message to go. from ence they lead in singing: "In Christ the meeting to these folks and not There Is No East or West." through the secretary.

Interpreter advances and says: Another suggestion would be to "These seven stages of life in our nine- give time in regular meetings for mesteen foreign fields are helped and made sages from the Florida and seashore happy and useful by the offering in folks. This will create a spirit of our Christmas envelopes. Sometimes friendliness and of closer cooperation. they need kindergartens, sometimes day schools, here and there they need It would be practical to ask the aba college, or an industrial school for ,sentees to send back methods which widows, or an orphanage, or a baby- they have seen used in the churches fold and they look to our Christmas they are attending during their vacaoffering to make these things possible. tion time, a poem which they have The seven Christmas Spirits will wait found spiritually helpful, or perhaps, upon you for your offering." a new song.

(Let the Spirits in red and green *** lead the others in taking up the offering, while the ten persons remaining I know not the way I am going, on the platform lead the others in sing- But well do I know my Guide; ing: "Saviour, Thy Dying Love Thou Gavest Me," (verses 1, 3, 4). With child-like trust I give my hand To the mighty Friend at my side. -Ho,vergal.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York, and FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Secretaries of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Council of Women for Home Missions SOME OF THE DELEGATES A'I' THlU IN'l'ERlIACIAI, CONIJ'ERIllNCE IN OBIllRLIN AT WORK FOR CHRISTIAN RACE that the common interests of the dele- RELATIONS gates were many and vital; and the committee which had been appointed By KATHERINE GARDNER to help "break the ice" had no work to do. Associate Secretary, Commission on the Church and Race Relations, Federal Council of The next impression is frankness. The purpose of these interracial con- 1~~y <;,~u;~~r~h~~c~h~~;,,~~,:g~e~·;l~tf.:~dof'i'i:":t Commission.

As one looks back on the Third ferences is to bring together denomi- Interracial Conference of Church national leaders f'Or a facing of prob- Women which was held last June at lems, for the discussion of pDlicies and Oberlin College, Ohio, under the aus- programs and for planning ways and pices of the Federal Council of means for carrying these out in the Churches there are three impressions denominations and IDeal communities.

that stand out with special distinct- At the opening session after a masness. The first of these is fellowship. terly 'Outline of the' general situation, In spite of the fact that the delegates given in a series of thumb-nail were divided racially, that they repre- sketches by Professor Edwin L. Clarke sented seventeen denominations and of Oberlin, the delegates brought out came from nineteen states, north and from their personal experiences simi- sDuth, there was a unity of spirit, a lar difficulties in the life of the church oneness of purpose and an atmosphere and analyzed these to see where and of friendliness frDm the very begin- how church women can become effec- ning of the conference. The small tive in bringing about better cDndi- groups that visited together between tions. These discussion periods were sessions in the comfortable lobby, out marked throughout by a spirit of ob- under the trees on the campus, or jective frankness, with'Out self-decepdowntown at the soda fountain, showed tion or sentimentality.

942 The third impression was the pro- We Recommend: That each local unit examine the groupings for interracial gram of action. The conference find- work to see whether the committees are adequately representative of all groups ings did not merely express the senti- concerned, and to discover ways in which their work can be influenced by the exments of the delegates but gave a perience of interested groups outside the membership of the committee so that the definite outline of work to be under- Interracial Committee shall have the confidence of the whole community. taken during the next two years. Ways of Work From the beginning it was made clear We believe that the best results come that this conference was not an end from meeting concrete situations in the community as they arise, rather than atin itself, but just a part of a long, con- tacking the question of race relations in the abstract or merely setting up special tinued, patient program of education events.

which stops every two years to meas- We need to study ways in which groups have arrived at successful solutions and ure the results accomplished and gath- ask the Women's Committee to make re- ports available to local groups. er fresh impetus and inspiration for We believe that the churches ought to the work ahead. The one hundred and be reminded of the importance of the work of groups of laymen in the developnine delegates who met at Oberlin ment of public opinion in regard to race relations, and in supporting individual went back to their homes, to their members of the church who may find themselves in critical positions in the communities, to their church responsi- life of the community.

bilities with the feeling that each one We believe that members of churches could increase the effectiveness of any had a definite share in the great task community enterprise if they would in- sist that the planning committee include of making America ChrIstian in Race representatives of all racial groups in- volved. Relations. We believe that local groups should Findings study ways in which public opinion may be influenced in regard to race relation- The Findings can best be interpreted ships. (For instance, the use of the by those who shared in the conference press.) experience. Each item in this program of study and action was wrought out We recognize that only by a long conin the spirit of friendly understanding tinued program of steady work which which controlled the discussions. persists despite temporary failure will our community life in its interracial re- In order to carry out this program we lationships measure up to Jesus' definishall have to find a way to bring about tion of the good life. effective participation by both national and local groups. The conference sug- The Conference authorized an urgests careful experimentation in cases gent request that arrangements be where there is joint responsibility. made for accommodation without dis- crimination for all delegates at the If the program of the next conference, North American Home Missions Contwo years hence, is built upon the study gress in Washington in December, and and action which follows the adoption that if such accommodations cannot of these findings, we shall then be able be provided the Congress be held in a to measure our progress and discover city where satisfactory arrangement new ways of work to meet new situations. can be made.

We Recommend: That we ask the What Can We Dol Women's Committee to interest a research organization in undertaking a Adopted by one denominational group before study of the policy and practice of the leaving Oberlin. denominations: We aim to use our denominational In their training of Negro leadership publications-state and national-to for church activities at home and abroad broadcast information about this conwith particular reference to problems involved in isolating racial groups; In relation to Negro women employed as missionaries at home and abroad with reference to opportunities for employment, qualifications of candidates, salary and living conditions, and opportunities for professional advancement.

We Commend the work of the Curriculum Committee in the criticism and preparation of material, and in securing Negro members on denominational curriculum committees and look for report of further progress at the next conference.

ference to show what is being accom- cemmittee. Every effort should be plished. made to have children 'Of all races and nationalities represented on the cem- We will do all we can to continue the mittee and on the program. The rep- effort to secure for all our Negro dele- resentative from each church would, gates, at all denominational meetings, of course, be responsible for interestequality of privilege and treatment as to ing the pa,stor and all those working hotel accommodations. with children in her church, both in Sunday school and in mission bands. We will study the question of race At the first meeting of the committee, representation on our curriculum and a subcommittee on publicity should be literature committees. appointed to care for newspaper pub- licity, posters to be distributed to all We will seek opportunities to report cooperating organizations, anneuncethis conference at local and state meet- ment of the meeting at children's ings. gatherings several times before the Day of Prayer, and all other publicity. We will urge all local Councils or Fed- These plans would be worked out in erations of church women to take active cooperation with the chairmen of the cognizance of the interracial movement young peDple's and the women',s comand to put into their programs a study mittees, to unify the whole observance. of local race relations. Let us remember this is a children's In order to push back the horizons of service and be sure the children have our denominational thinking, we will try a large share in the planning and the to further reading courses through trav- pregram. In addition to their having eling libraries and reading projects. charge of the musical selections, the presentation 'Of the projects and the of- We will urge local churches to stand fering as suggested belDW, they might behind the work of the Urban League be the ushers, perhaps dressed in co-sand National Association for the Ad- tumes 'of different nationalities. Envancement of· Colored People. courage the children to take the initia- tive in deciding time and place for the We will help to arouse a new apprecia- meeting, decoration, ferm and length tion of the achievements of the Negro of service, presiding officer, methods race. of publicity, etc. The majer responsi- bility should be in their hands se that We will seek to secure in church As- they will feel the observance is truly sociations and Federations equality of their own. status for Negro churches. In developing the program let us CHILDREN IN THE WORLD DAY build it areund the theme "Ye Shall Be My Witnesses," the ,same theme OF PRAYER that is being used by all Christians througheut the werld. It may be well Children in the World Day of to appoint a small committee to work on the pregram itself. Boyg and girls Prayer! What a day it would be if who have had experience in arranging children around the world "of every services for their own weekly meetrace and clime" could know about the ings will be helpful. World Day of Prayer and together unite in prayer for love, justice and Hymns familiar to the majority peace throughout the world. What it should be selected. There might be a cDuple of prayers to be read in unison would mean to the children! What it and also 'Opportunity fDr spontaneous would mean to the communities! What praying by the children. Impersona- tion 'Or dramatization will help in it would do in furthering the Kingdom making the hour interesting. In one of Ged on earth!

In arranging for the children's observance of the World Day of Prayer, plans should be made just as far in advance and with just as much thought and care as for the women's and young people's observances. If there is a chairman of children's work in the interdeneminational missionary federation, she is a logical person to chair the cvmmittee in charge. The children's worker in each church in the community, representatives 'of the Girl Sceuts, Boy Scouts, Girl Reserves, Camp Fire Girls and of all the various organizations ,should constitute the

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

meeting last year "Art Thou Weary" Prayer: was sung antiphonally by two Negro young girls. One dressed as a pil- We thank Thee, Lord, whose care has grim or traveler carrying a lighted kept lantern came down the aisle singing as she came, being answered by one Our homes in safety while we slept, in the front of the room. In another And pray that through each long, long place, a pageant with children of many races assisting, helped to convey the day idea of world friendship. Some groups Thy loving hand will guide our way. have used the salute to the Christian In school, in play, be near us still, flag: "I pledge allegiance to my flag And make us wish to do Thy will. and to the Saviour for whose Kingdom it stands; one brotherhood uniting all Amen. mankind in service and love." Hymn: "Saviour, Like a Shepherd Lead As a climax to the program, an in- Us." (First verse.) teresting missionary story may be told by one who does this well and who has Prayer: That we may truly live as chila real appeal for children. The mis- dren of Jesus, thinking, speaking, sion boards can supply such material. doing as He would-in our com- "How the Artist Forgot Four Colors," munity. by Margaret Applegarth, in "Missionary Stories for Little Folks," is very At home, At play, appropriate. At school, At church.

A definite place should be given to Hymn: "Saviour, Like a Shepherd Lead the offering, for this is the part of the Us." (Second verse.) program in which the children have an opportunity to express their friend- (Sung by group of children of as many ship in a concrete way. Just before nationalities and races as possiblethe closing hymn is a good time. In dressed in costume.) order that the four projects will be understood, they may be presented by Prayer: That we may live as children of children dressed to represent a Mi- Jesus in our country. grant, an American Indian, a child from the Near or Far East, a student By being friendly to children of all from Japan, China or India. It may races, be found advisable, in order not to confuse the children with ,so many By being kind to the sick, projects, to choose one in the home" By sharing with the children who are land and one overseas for the offering and present those through story or poor, impersonation. By being true Christian citizens, By telling the story of Jesus to chil- Suggestive Program Outline dren who have never heard it.. Quiet music as children assemble. Hymn: "Saviour, Like a Shepherd Lead Call to worship. Us." (Third verse.) Leoadperra: ise the Lord, all ye nations; Prayer: That we may be true children of Jesus in the world. Praise Him, all ye people. Response: By being friends of children of all na- tions, For His merciful kindness is great toward us, By being appreciative of all the things And the truth of the Lord endureth their countries send ctuostuos~s of chil- forever. By understanding the dren of other lands, All : Praise ye the Lord. S By sharing Jesus with all the children of the world.

Hymn: Tune, ,"Tramp, TrllJUP, Tramp." Jesus loves th~· little children All the children of the world: Red and yellow, black and white- All ar e pre ctihoeu sl i titnl e Hcihsi lsdirgehnt ·~f the Jesus loves world.

Impersonations by four children dressed in aPl?ropriate costumes, showing nee?s III the four fields· especially deSIgnated for prayer and gifts: Women's Union Christian Colleges in Foreign Fields, th: ~:d~~fN:: ~~teC~~~~I.can be secured from

Christian Literature for Women and and has public opinion changed as to Children in Mission Fields, the desirability of the other?

Indian Work, What was the reason for not having Migrant Work. the House ratify treaties? Offering: Taken up by four chil?ren Why does "each vote against a treaty, who have given the impersonations. in the Senate, count double"? Why is it Hymn: "We've a Story to Tell to the "more difficult to conclude peace than to Nations." make war"?

Prayer: What was the result of Washington's Our Father as we've prayed today effort to carry out the constitutional pro- We've thought of children far away vision that he should obtain the "advice" In other lands across the sea; of the Senate? How is the Senate's "ad- Help us their loving friends to be. vice" on a treaty obtained now? Can Help all Thy children everywhere the Senate force the President to accept To share Thee and Thy loving care. its advice? Amen. Who chooses the emissaries who nego- EDITH E. LOWRY and tiate our treaties? What has sometimes guided this choice? What are the ad- VIRGINIA KAISER. vantages and objections to appointing Senators as negotiators? READERS' OOURSE How can amendments in the Senate Prepared by National Committee on the indirectly kill treaties? Do treaty Cause and Cure of War, RO<!ID 1116, Grand amendments require a majority or a Central Terminal Building, NE'w York. two-thirds vote? What is the attitude of foreign powers to amendments by the S'EOTION II- Senate? What new method was used by the Senate, to express its interpretation The Treaty Veto of The American Senate of a treaty, in the case of the Briand- by D. F. Fleming. Published by G. Kellogg Pact? Do you think this method P. Putnam's Sons. $3.00. preferable, and if so, why? Is the prac- Dr. Fleming's book has f!ve grea~ ~r­ tice of amending treaties increasing? What proportion of all treaties submittues' it deals with a subJect of IIVlllg ted to it has the Senate amended? Of significance: it is thoughtf.ully con- these, how many were killed by the ceived: it presents thE!; facts III O1:derly amendments? form: it is clearly written: and It arrrves at conclusions. Those who care How many treaties have been killed at all about the operation of the ~rea.ty,~ unconditionally by the Senate, i. e. othermaking power cannot afford to miss It. wise than by amendment? Of the twen- ty killed by the two-thirds requirement, —Charles A. Beard. how many would have been ratified if only a majority vote had been required? The Treaty Making Power.s of the Sfln- ate–Information Service, Foreign Fate of ATbitratiort Treaties Policy Association, 18 East 41st St,. New York, issued October 12, 1928. What special sectional interests are An excellent, easy reference upon the obstacles to the ratification of any arbi- most important points in the above tration treaties: In Maine? In the book. We recommend all readers to South? In California? possess themselves of it. 25c. What provision for the peaceful settle- Queationnalret ment of disputes was made in the Olney- Paunce/ote treaty of 1897? What did on the Senate exclude from arbitration? The Treaty Veto of the American Was the amended treaty ratified?

Senate What international event iIi 1899 gave Secretary Hay confidence that treaties Technique of Treaty Making of arbitration would be ratified by the Why did the men who wrote our Con- Senate? How did the Hay treaties dif- fer from the Olney-Pauncefote treaty? stitution fear a strong Executive? How did the Senate kill the treaties? What is the constitutional provh;ion What did Secretary Root concede in for treaty making; what is the function order to secure ratification of his tTeaof the President; of t,he Senate? . ties? ..

What two things dId the Convention What did the Senate claim a right to stress as "vital to successful diplomacy"? pass on, in the compromise? Has the plan adopted secured the one, What provisions for the peaceful set- ~n I appeared in October; Section III tlement of international disputes were added by the Taft tTeaties? What was wi¥'rhfleea~ui:Ae:riB or similar ones will be the attitude of Lodge and Roosevelt? What amendments were made in the on the program of the Conferpnce on the Cause Senate? Did the Senate then ratify? ani! Cure of War, January 19·22, 1931. Wash· Ington, D. C.; all delegates should be prepared to answer them.

What did the Bryan treaties provide? tion? What was President Coolidge's Were they arbitration treaties? Were view of this addition, as expressed in they ratified? How many nations signed his Armistice Day speech? What was them? our action on the proposal by the Powers, between September 1926 and February What advance was made in the Kel- 1928? logg-Bria,nd treaty of 1928? What was Senator Gillett's proposal? Sum up what the Senate is afraid to What was Secretary Kellogg'S reply to submit to arbitration. the Powers in 1929? What was Mr. Root's suggestion? Our Relation to the League of Nations What influence had the Russo-Japa- What is the present status with renese War on the peace movement in this gard to our entry into the Court? country? What two Americans were especially outstanding in the movement? GOLDEN RULE SUNDAY What three Americans figured most con- Golden Rule Sunday is to be obspicuously in the first public meeting of served again this year in behalf of the· the League to enforce peace? How early under-privileged children of the world. did the break between Lodge and Wilson Among the projects cited for interest occur? What was the attitude by Lodge and Roosevelt to Wilson's fourteen and gifts are the American Indian and points? the Migrant children of Qur land.

In the Commission on the League of All contributions especially desig- Nations, at the Peace Conference in nated will go in entirety to the proj- Paris, what was the most difficult matter to agree upon? What compromise word- ects named. It is hoped many groups, ing was finally adopted? communities and individuals will des- ignate these two projects. Did the Senate wait to give its "advice" until the Covenant was submitted to it? Did it, in spirit as well as in RURAL RECONSTRUCTION IN letter, leave to the President the direct INDIA contact with foreign powers? Did Wilson ever discuss the treaty with the For- The "Rural Reconstruction Unit" is eign Relations Committee? Did he make the goal of future endeavor among the any effort to meet the Senate's objec- Christian Churches in India working tions upon his return to Paris? for village development. To take ten or a dozen villages and place in the What was Senator Lodge's Round Robin, and how many Senators signed it?

How was the Covenant amended in midst it trained staff to care for eco- Paris? How did the request for amend- nomic uplift, religion, education, ments affect the President's influence in health, cooperation, agriculture, indusdiscussing the Treaty of Peace? tries, markets, etc., will revolutionize What did Artlcle 10 of the Covenant provide? Could we have been forced to our method and give us a "drive" tosend troops abroad without our consent? ward a more adequate and self-sup- Did it create a "super-state"? porting leadership in the Church in India. Concentration in a limited sec- After amending the Covenant, did the Senate ratify it? Did it receive a majority vote? tion, coupled with intensive effort, will The World Court render excellent results.

What move towards creating peace ma- At the call of the National Chris- chinery was promised in the Republican tian Council thirty delegates from platform of 1920? India, Burma, and Ceylon met for a discussion on rural reconstruction. What four reservations to the World Those who attended were intimately Court Protocol did Secretary Hughes propose?

How long did the Senate delay before aware of specific practical methods discussing it? and aims. The recommendations cen- What did the Republican platform of tered about the unit mentioned above. 1924 promise with regard to the World Court? What points were covered in the five KEEP THOU THY DREAMS reservations? What was Secretary Kel- Keep thou thy dreams, logg's answer to the request by the other powers that we explain what the reser- The tissue of all wings is woven first of vations meant? How many of the five them. reservations were accepted by the Conference of the Powers? What provision From dreams are made the precious and did they wish to add to the fifth reserva- imperishable things, Whose loveliness lives on and does not fade. -Selected.

AMERICA than evangelicism is building some-

Centennial of Bolivar thing to take its place."-Congrega- tionalist. VENEZUELA is making elaborate preparations to observe this month Awakening Latin America the centennial of the death of Simon Bolivar-one of the most important THE United States is facing figures in the hi,story of the New throughout Latin America the World-who freed Venezuela, Colom- greatest opportunity and responsibilbia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia from ity since it first sympathized with the Spanish rule. He visioned another many movements for Latin-American United States of America on the independence. Recent events, particsouthern continent, but unlike George ularly in Argentina, Peru and Bolivia, Washington, with whom he is fre- demonstrate that the people of the quently compared, he was forced to United States should stop patronizing build without supporters from the Latin America by sarca,gtic comment Scottish and English middle class, on "revolutions" and "instability." with their traditions of self-govern- Such a "holier-than-thou" attitude ment. It has taken many years of ed- should be supplanted by a realization ucation for the South Americans to that revolutions like those in the coun- approach our starting point. tries named are inevitable and nat- ural "evolutions" when economic and Evangelism in Latin America political conditions become intolera- LATIN AMERICA is just now in a ble. They express the inherent and po.sition where it is eager to know patriotic desire of the people for repthe real Christ. This is the opinion resentative and democratic govern- of those interpreters most familiar ment. They show stability of ideals with the conditions in South America and purposes, if not of immediate ad- -among them, Prof. Erasmo Braga, ministration.

the leading educator and evangelical People of the United States should layman of Brazil; Dr. John Mackay, awaken to the fact that the chief char- formerly a profes,sor in San Marcos acteristic of this new era is the new University and a lecturer before the leadership of the young throughout youth of university centers in South all Latin America. This youth move- America and Mexi~o; Dr. George P. ment begins with ambitious and pa- Howard, who has been conducting triotic students and reaches up crowded mass meetings in Bolivia, througl:! the younger element occupy- Argentina, and Chile; Dr. Vincente ing positions in governmental offices, Mendoza, pastor of a Methodist church newspapers, business and banking in Mexico City and editor of the Span- houses and educational institutions.

ish Journal of Religious Education; It is not only influencing but even and Dr. E. Stanley Jones of India, shaping the internal and external pol- who recently visited South America icies of the governments to a degree on an evangelistic tour. The oppor- never known before. For this reason tunity might be described as an in- the future of United States-Latin- terim when modern education is American relations will largely de- "wearing away Roman Catholic au- pend on awakening the interest and thority in South America fal' faster cooperation of this powerful element 948

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

in developing permanent United pital was immediately cleaned and has States-Latin-American good-will. – functioned ,since the withdrawal of the John Barrett, in The New York Times. Communists.-New York Times.

CHINA Cihinese President Is Baptized as Christian Schools Forbidden to Ex- Christian hibit C,hristian Litera.ture GENERAL Chiang Kai Shek, Na- tional President of China, was THE Ministry of Education con- baptized a Christian, October 23, at siders that the religious books, Shanghai. The branch of the Chrispapers, magazines and pictures in the tian church into which he was bap- Christian school libraries calculated to tized is Methodist. stupefy the minds of the youth should be strictly forbidden, except those Chiang and his wife arrived early which have to do with selected courses that morning from Nanking. He went on religion related to the study of immediately to the home of his philosophy in senior middle schools and mother-in-law, Mrs. Soong, in the Inuniversities; all others have to be for- ternational Settlement, and there the bidden. simple ceremony was performed in the afternoon by the Rev. Z. T. Kuang, The Ministry of Education refuses Chinese pastor of the Young Allen passports to ,students who contemplate Memorial Church. going abroad and including religious subjects in their studies. The pastor asked the President whether he sincerely desired to become In the China Christian Advocate, a Christian. Chiang replied that he Rev. A. R. Kepler, General Secretary did, whereupon the pastor sprinkled of the Church of Christ in China, re- water upon the young President and ports the following experience- admitted him to the Christian church.

The ,sister of my Associate General Only a few intimates of the Presi- Secretary has been expecting to take dent attended the ceremony. They post-graduate study in America in re- included his brothers-in-law, T. V. ligious education. She made her ap- Soong, Minister of Finance, and T. L. plication to the Government for her Soong, chairman of the Whang-Poo passport. Today Dr. Fan, my col- Conservancy, and the Foreign Minleague, received a letter from the Min- ister, C. T. Wang. All are Christians. istry of Education, informing him that -New York Times. the Ministry will grant passports to students to study abroad ,only upon How Red Indians Prayed for Chinese the condition that they will not include any religious subjects in their Murderers 35 Year. Ago studies. This has become the fixed policy of the Ministry of Education. AMIDST the mingled feelings -Chinese Recorder, Shanghai, Sep- aroused by the tragic murder in te,mber. China of Miss Edith Nettleton and Miss Eleanor Harrison, the real spirit Yale-in-China of The Church Missionary Society and its supporters may be best expressed T HE buildings of Yale-in-China in by a prayer of some Indians in a C. Chang,sha, which were attacked by M. S. Mission in Northwest Canada Communi,sts recently, were damaged thirty-five years ago, when they heard less severely than was at first believed, of the terrible massacre at Hwasang, according to a statement issued by E. in the same Province of Fukien in Fay Campbell, executive secretary of which the latest martyrs have worked. the institution, at the local office in The Rev. R. W. Stewart, his wife and New Haven, Conn. The hospital was two children, and their nurse together entered, damaged and left in a filthy with six women missionaries of the condition, but the campus was un- C. M. S. and C. E. Z. M. S., had been touched, the statement said. The hos- done to death by a fanatical band call-

ing themselves Vegetarians. In his Economic Facts from Japan record of this tragedy, Dr. Eugene Stock, in his great "History of the THE first railway in Japan was C. M. S.," says that when the little opened in 1872. By 1887, there congregation of Indians received the was a mileage .of 641, and twelve thou- news they prayed: "Say it again, dear ,sand in 1929, with over a billion pas- Jesus. 'Father forgive them for they sengers in that year. The first Japaknow not what they do.' 0 Gracious nese-built steamer of 6,000 tons was Spirit, Thou art not quenched by blood. launched in 1898; yet by 1920, Japan's Let it make Thy garden soil strong merchant fleet of three million tons to grow Chinese believers in." ranked third among the world p.owers. The value of manufactured prodcuts Dr. Stock also recorded that the fact increased from 685 million dollars in that the C. M. S. asked for no com- 1914 to three and a half billions in pensation greatly impressed the Chi- 1927. This phenomenal economic prognese authorities. What the Society did ress has been made in the face of fordo was to hold a great meeting for midable obstacles. The country is so prayer for China in the old Exeter mountainous and the weather so ad- Hall, and within the next four years ver,se that only one-sixth of the land they secured nearly fifty recruits for area of Japan is under cultivation. the Fukien Provinee.-C. M. S. Bul- The average farm covers only two and letin. one-half acres, and the crops are con- stantly imperiled by flood, drought, JAPAN-KOREA frost, hail, and typhoon. The ratio of population to the amount of arable Commission on Higher Education to land is the densest in the world, three times that of Germany or India, and Japan twelve times that of the United States. Moreover, the supply of essential raw REPEATED representations from materials is dangerously inadequate. Japan as to the urgency and de- -American Friend. sirability ·of the Educational Commission projected for that country pro- S:ignificant Items from Korea ceeding during this year have led the Committee of Reference and Counsel to ONE of the best taxi drivers in authorize a subcommittee to make ar- Seoul, as well as one of the most rangements for this Commission. The successful, is a young Korean woman. scope of the Commission will include She owns her own car. both collegiate and intermediate school education, and for both women and The average Church attendance is men. It will include theological edu- more than double the membership. cation as well. Effort is being made to secure Christian educators of outstand- The special emphasis which has been ing position in the United States who given Sunday school work is shown by will be competent to deal with the the fact that such schools have inproblems raised in the largest Chris- creased 227% and the membership tian spirit, as well as with the most 215%, in ten year,s. excellent educational background. Invitations have been issued to member- Aside from missionaries' salary and ship on the Commission, but none of travel expense, the cost to the mission these has yet been accepted. Plans for each new communicant received are proceeding for the financing of during the year, was about $74.00. the Commission's activities, and it is hoped that arrangements can be made Although the number of missionfor it to sail early in 1931. The sub- aries has increased only 34% in ten committee charged with the task of years, the number added on confession arranging for this matter consists of of faith has increased 159% in 1930 Dr. Robert E. Speer, Dr. John R. over the number received in 1920. Matt and Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer. During the ten years under con- sideration, the number of missionaries has increased 34% while the number

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

of ordained native pastors increased the "Chauncey Maples," named after 73%. the bishop who lost his life in the lake after nineteen years' service, has been When figures call your attention to sailing the,se waters since 1901. Few the 62% increase in church buildings, craft, including the government boats, please remember that the Korea Mis- will face the perilous and choppy sion has nothing in its budget to as- crossings between the east and west sist in this work. The 57% added com- shores that the "Chauncey Maples" municants are responsible for these still regularly performs. This boat additional churches. was originally not only a means of transport but was used as a floating Perhaps the most encouraging single training college for African students. item in the accompanying comparison of results, is the increase in organized Innumerable are the smaller boats churches from 74 to 138 in ten years. used by practically every missionary -From the Rev. M. L. Swinehart, society. They cruise among the creeks Seoul, Korea. of West Africa, the coast of New Guinea, or, like Dr. Albert Schweit- AFRICA zer's "The Thank You," the gift of Sweden's women, they are to be seen A Successful Union in Sierra Leone on equatorial rivers.-H. W. Peet.

FOURAH BAY COLLEGE is a good Scientists Visit Moravian Station illustration of cooperation in Christian education. On the staff at pres- ON JULY 9 the whole body of the ent are four Anglicans, one Wesleyan, South African Association of one United Methodist, and one Bap- Science set out to visit the old-time tist; and the support comes from the Moravian Mission Station of Genaden- C. M. S., the Wesleyan Methodist So- dal, where some 4,000 colored folk pass ciety, a government grant, an African their lives in quiet content, cut off legacy, and college revenue. from the world at large.

An old student, who took last year As the fleet of twenty-five motorthe London B.A. degree, has further cars threaded its way thl'ough the vildistinguished himself by appearing at lage street, children ran to the roadthe head of the list in the first year side shouting, faces appeared at doors course at the College of Medicine of and windows, for never yet did such Durham University, and in conse- an avalanche of cars descend upon quence being awarded a scholarship. this peaceful settlement. The visitors Canon Horstead says that this success were received by the European minwas "achieved after the very minimum ister in charge. Here hundreds of the of science training in Africa and al- inhabitants of all ages congregated to most the minimum of time in Eng- be present at the arrival of "die geleland."-C. M. S. Outlook. erde mense" (the learned people). In homely language the minister wel- Missionary Boats in Africa comed the scientists, and gave a brief historical survey of the founding of NYASA in Central Africa may be a the settlement, which dates back to lake, but tough seamen will tell 1737. It is a curious coincidence that you they have been seasick on these the day of the visit, July 9, was the waters when they have never been ill anniversary of the actual date of the elsewhere. The first ship of peace to landing at the Cape, in 1737, of the sail on this lake was the "lIala," which first Moravian missionary. The min- Dr. Robert Laws, following Living- ister told of a certain oolored convert, stone's steps, took there in ,sections in a woman named Lena, who had proved 1875. The "lIala" is no more, but the to be a real "Lady with a lamp!" For "Charles Janson," relaunched on the many years when there was no Eurolake in 1885, is still in commi8sion pean pastor at the station she kept for the Universities' Mission to Central Africa. She sank two years ago, but was salvaged. Her bigger sister,

alive the light of the Gospel. The man who "had great authority" under little Bible given to her.by the depart- Queen Candace, who went to Jerusaing missionary in 1744 is still among lem "for to worship" and who on his the sacred treasures of the community. way back to Ethiopia went down into -From the Cape Times in Moravian the water with Philip and was bap- Missions. tized.-New York Times.

Haile Selassie, Emperor NORTH AMERICA I F THE Queen of Sheba could be- Cooperative Adult Edueation hold the million-dollar crowns of gold which were placed, October 21, I T IS interesting that the biggest coupon the heads of her reputed de- herent adult education enterprise scendants in Abyssinia, and witness in the United States concerns rural the ceremonious splendor of the hom- life. The Oooperative Extension Servage paid to her country that has now ice in Agriculture and Home Econombeen admitted to a seat among inde- ics, in every state in the Union, empendent nations, she might be expected ploys 5,800 trained men and women to exclaim, as she did in the presence who serve as agricultural agents, of Solomon's glory, that the half had borne demonstration agents and spenot been told her. But when it is re- ciaiists. The system, including the membered thllt one of her gifts to United States Department of Agricul- Solomon amounted to approximately ture and the state extension services $4,000,000, in addition to spices of in agriculture and home economics, great abundance and precious stones, has a total budget for this year of the crowns of gold and the Kaiser Wil- nearly $24,000,000. It includes not helm coach and the gifts which the only the paid professional staff, but Duke of Gloucester has borne from the also 273,000 volunteer leaders and layonly other Emperor in the West would teachers. The method of work is seem meager to her, however lavish in democratic; needs are appraised, prothe eyes of a modern democracy. grams are made and in large part car- ried out by men and women in the With all this Oriental show, the eyes businesses of farming and horne-makof the new Emperor look toward the ing. Action is coupled with learning. West. He is given credit for securing –Outlook of Missions. the admission ·of his country to the League of Nations and for bringing Lutheran Radio Programs slavery toward its end. He has introduced European teaching in the CONVINCED that religion can be schools of his capital and has sent made a vital concern to men even young Abyssinians to America and during the week, the Lutheran Church Europe for their education in Western is undertaking a new and ambitious ways. He has built roads and shown experiment in religious radio by initihospitality to modern enterprises and ating a series of religious mid-weekly Occidental ideas. broadcasts during the so-called "amusement hours." The program is Though Christianity was not adopt- known as the Lutheran Hour and goes ed before the fourth century, the first on the air over a thirty-four-station, dweller in that part of the world to coast-to-coast hook-up of the Columbia be baptized as a Christian was the Broadcasting System every Thursday treasurer of Queen Candace, whom night at ten o'clock Eastern time. Philip saw sitting and reading in his Other stations will be added in the near future. It is estimated that the chariot on the road to Gaza. So the cost of the project will be approxi- Emperor who kept vigil in meditation mately a quarter of a million dollars and prayer at St. George's Cathedral at a year. The necessary money is being Addis Ababa should have recalled in raised largely through free-will ofhis litany of thanksgiving not only the Queen of Sheba but also the nameless

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

fering,s by members 'Of the Lutheran nDt allow any liquor in their tDwn, Laymen's League and the InternatiDn- nDr would they gD to war. In the oode al Walther League, respectively the 'Of rules adDpted August, 1772, Article 'Official lay and YDuth organizatiDns 'Of 13 was as fDllDws: "We will nDt admit the Lutheran SynDdical CDnference 'Of rum Dr any 'Other intoxicating liquDrs North America. ND sDlicitation fDr intD our towns. If strangers Dr trad- funds will be 'Over the air during the ers bring intDxicating liquDr, the help- programs.-Ch~trchman. ers shall take it from them and nDt restore it until the 'Owners are ready Pioneer Mission in Ohio tD leave the place." A little later they T HE stDry 'Of the Moravian Indian adopted Article 19: "We will nDt gD Mission at Schoenbrunn is a 'StDry to war, and will nDt buy anything 'Of 'Of Christian herDism, rDmance, pathos warriDrs taken in war."-Joseph E.

and tragedy. We.inland, in Booklet.

TD David Zeisberger, John Hecke- welder and their brave coworkers, be- Government Recognizes Negro Educa- longs the credit of blazing the way tion T thrDugh the primeval fDrest, building HE American churches early recDg- nized that the emancipatiDn of the here the fiflst town in OhiD, and here establishing a piDneer center for the slaves brought upon them a special teaching and applicatiDn of the simple prDblem, a duty and an DPPDrtunity.

Gospel 'Of Christ. The Congregationalists, MethDdists, It was 'On May 3, 1772, that Zeis- Baptists, Presbyterians and others berger and a small cDmpany of Chris- have cultivated this field with intel- tian Indians arrived at the Big Spring, ligence, liberal gifts of money and and began the erectiDn of temporary cDnsecrated teachers, and with a large dwellings. On August 23d, an addi- measure 'Of success.

tiDnal cDmpany 'Of Indian converts and The Federal Government, on the their families, numbering over 200 other hand, has lagged behind the sDuls, arrived under the directi'on 'Of churches in fulfilling its educational the Rev. JDhn Heckewelder and the obligatiDn tD this handicapped pDpula- Rev. John Ettwein. At the end of the tiDn group. Yet there seems tD be a next year the tDwn oonsisted 'Of 60 new spirit mDving in WashingtDn, fDr hDuses of hewn timber, besides huts it is annDunced that the Secretary of and lodges; a church forty feet by the InteriDr, 'On the recDmmendation thirty-six feet, and a schDolhDuse. 'Of the Commissioner 'Of Education, has apPDinted a DirectDr 'Of Negro Educa- These Delaware Christian Indians tiDn. The appointee, a Negro, Dr. came with their missiDnaries frDm AmbrDse Caliver, is a native of Virtheir fDrmer MissiDn Towns in Penn- ginia, a graduate 'Of Knoxville CDllege, sylvania, which they had been forced and the University of Wisconsin. He tD vacate because 'Of the encroachments has studied at Tuskegee, Harvard, and 'Of unprincipled whites. Many of these Columbia, and has had broad experi- Indians had their faith tested again ence as a teacher and in social and and again by fire and sword, and thrill- civic work among his race. Until reing indeed will be the stDry of their cently he was dean of Fisk University. lDyalty to Christ amid all the persecutions they endured, when this story Secretary Wilbur of the Department is fully tDld. These rrllssionaries be- of the Interior, in announcing the lDnged to a bDdy which was Protestant creation of the new division of Negro befDre the Reformation. Education, outlines the activities which it will CDver as follows: In reality also the missionaries and their converts at Schoenbrunn formed In realizing these purpDses, the 'Office the first Temperance SDciety and the will endeavor to collect facts 'Of aU kinds first Peace Society west 'Of the Al- bearing directly on NegrD educatiDn, and leghenyMDuntains for they wDuld make pertiomc digests 'Of educatiDnal

literature dealing with or which may be December ses·sion, when it will elect of use to Negro education. The specialist a bishop. He adds: in this office will visit schools and communities throughout the country; make I can name six ordained Indian men contacts with school officials and others who, for India, could be bishops the equal who are interested in Negro education; of the average American bishop. Five attend and address meetings of educa- of these six could tour America and in tional and other organizations on topics the English language represent Indian relating to his specialty; and will act Methodism at its best and highest. They as consultant on Negro education with would be received in American homes, educators and others desiring his serv- institutions, and conferences as cultured, ices. In performing his duties the spe- intelligent and effective leaders. I could cialist will endeavor to confer with and name a second list of seven who under utilize the services of specially qualified the pressure of necessity, such as has persons in the various fields throughout arisen in all ages and organizations, the country; and will attempt to focus could take the task of episcopal leaderon the problems of Negro education all ship and do creditable service. These of the expert knowledge, techniques and two lists are actual and not imaginary. educational forces available in the na- I have carefully set down their names in tion. writing at my desk and have prayer- -Christian Advocate. fully considered their characteristics, in the light of my twenty-six years of Plans for Home Missions Congress knowledge of these men. Every forward- looking, free-minded, prominent Method- ANNOUNCEMENT has been made ist missionary or Indian, familiar with our Indian constitutency, could easily 1"1 of the arrangements for the guess the first six.

Nmth American Home Missions Con- -Christian Advocate. gress for which preparation has been made for nearly two years. The out- For_an Christian College Plans standing facts as outlined by Dr. William R. King, Executive Secretary, THE F'Orman Christian College at are as follows: Lah'Ore, India, has large plans for the future. The College has nearly The dates are December 1-5, 1930. eleven hundred students, forty-five The place of meeting is the Calvary professors and instructors, and occu- Baptist Church, Washington, D. C. pies a site of about fourteen acres in the center of the city. The Presby- The objectives are to consider what terian Church, U. S. A., and the Methis the home missions task, how it odist Episc'Opal Church (North) are should be administered, how it should united in the sUPP'Ort and management be promoted, and how the denomina- of the College. The new plans inv'Olve tions should cooperate in the task. transfer to a two hundred acre site 'On the 'Outskirts of the city ab'Out f'Our The attendance is to be limited to miles distant. The present pr'Operty about 500 official delegates and 300 as- is very valuable and the proceeds from sociate delegates, designated by the its sale are to be invested in the new denominations constituent to the plant. Ten halls 'Of residence will Home Missions Council, the Council house 600 students and there will be of Women for Home Missions and the about thirty residences for teachers. Federal Council of the Churches of The chapel will be the central build- Christ in America, the three bodies ing, and we earnestly hope that the under whose auspices the Congress is spirit of worship, fellowship and servto be held. ice will dominate the whole c'Ollege life. INDIA Lahore, the capital of the Punjab, Bishop-Tbnber in India is a rapidly growing city 'Of more than 300,000 pe'Ople. It is the greatest stu- BISHOP Fred B. Fisher, now sup- dent center in India outside of Cal- ply pastor (If First Church, Ann cutta. There are eight art college·s Arbor, Mich., formerly Bishop of Cal- and seven professional, with between cutta Area, opposes the suggestion that the Southern Asia Central Conference would do well to choose a missionary rather than a national at its

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

6,000 and 7,000 students. Forman Christians who are in a minority in College has about 600 Hindu, 250 Mo- the country. The Palestine Arah Ex- hammedan, 200 Sikh and 50 Christian ecutive, the memorial adds, has not students. We plan for no distinctions a right to act or speak in the name of any kind. Hindus, Moslems and of the Christians here.-New York Christians will live in the same dor- Times. mitories. If India's future depends upon leadeyship, then that leadership Islamic Disintegra.tion above all requires character. This is a day in which religion should be in- "THE solidarity of Islam" is an timately associated with education in expression which should never the training of Indian youth. be found in the thought or speech of Above all, the new college aims to a Christian missionary. Too often emphasize the need for Christ in each have church and convention platforms life-and in our common life and in been given to propagators of a spirit the national life of India. We desire of unbelief in the possibilities of work your prayers and your interest in the among Moslems by referring to Islam new Forman Christian College at La- as a "solid rock." Such an attitude is hore.-President Edmund D. Lucas in not conducive to faith, zeal and in- Women and Missions. vestment in the missionary enterprise.

Ta.gore on OpiUDl Curse Mohammedan leaders admit the lack of Islamic unity. Islam never will be I DEEPLY fet'll in my mind the shame united again. The dismembering of and sorrow of India at being made the Turkish Empire went far to break to act as an agent in smothering with down that religious cohesion of the moral poison the humanity of -some of Moslem world which was the secret of those great peoples whom, in a more its power. With the passing of fortunate period of her history, she Turkey from the place of Moslem leadsupplied with the healing gift of truth. ership went the potency of the Cali- And therefore, all the more gratefully phate. The writer was deeply im- I join my voice to the chorus of con- pressed several years ago by the demnation against the opium traffic message of an experienced missionary raised by the noble band of workers in Palestine who told about the diffiwho are -struggling to clean the his- culties encountered in preaching under tory of man of one of the darkest Turkish regime. Missionaries in that stains which is the most difficult one very locality have now all the opporto efface.-Rabindranath Tagore, Gen- tunities to preach that they can use, eva, Aug. 25, 1930. Letter to Captain and more. The veteran missionary Richmond P. Hobson, President of the hILS lived to baptize Moslem converts International Narcotic Education As- where formerly no man would speak sociation. to him about Christ.

WESTERN ASIA The wall of Moslem unbelief has not been broken down, of course, but there Christians Ask British Not to Quit are plenty of cracks in it. To -say that it still presents a solid front is no Palestine longer correct. Persia, the fair land that fell an early prey to the Moham- BEFORE Dr. Drummond Shiels, medan sword, is now the scene of a Under-Secretary for the Colonies, great spiritual movement. Hundred-s left Palestine October 15, the Society of Mohammedans have accepted Christ of Young Christians handed to him a as their Saviour. Other eastern counlong memorial in which they protested tries can testify that in them also "a against the Moslem demands fur the people for His Name" has been abolition of the British mandate in brought to the pierced feet of Jesus. Palestine. -John R. Turnbull in World Domin- ion. The Palestine Christians are greatly in faV'or of the British mandate because this is the only security for the

Turkey and Greeee Abandon War a people whose poverty allows only minimum demands upon the market. Holiday_ Meat is scarce because farmers slaugh- tered their cattle before entering the ASTEP .of special imp.ortance in in- collectives. Cattle are only 86 per ternati.onal affairs was taken re- cent of the pre-war stand. There is a cently by Greece and Turkey, when shortage of fish, for which one can they mutually agreed t.o discontinue find no real explanation. It is almost h.olidays in their respective c.ountries impossible t.o obtain shoes because which had been Clevel.oping ill-will and hides are as scarce as meat. Furniture hatred. Since the reoccupati.on of seems available only in -second hand Smyrna by the Turks in 1922, each an- markets, and the indescribable assortniversary .of the capture has been ment of "junk" on sale in such markets widely observed in western Turkey. reveal how much little beyond bare ne- The day revived memories of the cessities in food and clothing is being Grreco-Turkish war; it made fresh produced in Russia. old hatreds and in general became a grand time to rattle the sabre. Greece, A woman physician whose income on her part, had a day of mourning amounts to fifty-five dollars per month, for the loss of Smyrna when, again, and whose real income after dues, fuel was piled on the flames of the taxes and forced government loans are old Turko-Greek feud. But the two na- subtracted is only twenty-seven doltions have liquidated their differences lars, reports that she must hire a maid and -signed a treaty of friendship. The for the purpose of standing in food two governments have further dis- lines for her and she estimates that cussed h.oW t.o devel.oP closer relations. it requires six hours per day to secure Since these tW.o h.olidays tended t.o only bare necessities.-Christian Cenbuild ill-will rather than g-o.od-will it tury. was mutually agreed to di-scontinue them after this year. Dr. Mott'. Conferences in Great That such a move can be made in the Britain Near East speaks much f.or the new mentality that is developing there. It DR. JOHN R. MOTT'S report of his is another illustration that practical experiences in Great Britain in -statesmen, even where .such bitter- meeting -students and laymen interestness has reigned between national and ed in missionary work-indicates that religious groups, can appreciate the the field problems which are giving nece&sity of building constructively most concern to the British boards infor peace.-Christian Century. cluded education and literature, and the evangelistic m.ovements in Japan, EUROPE China and India. Some of the prob- lems that emerged m.ost strongly in his Dr. Reinhold Niebuhr on Runia many conferences with both the stu- dent and lay groups were: rfHE doubts which arise in the minds .of foreign observers, among How to develop a dependable eco- nomic base for what we see coming. which we consulted many technicians and specialists whom Russia is em- How to get more of tlie front line ploying by the hundreds, relate to the men and women to hear the call and reefficiency rather than the energy with spond. which the Russian experiment is being undertaken. A superficial view How to give an adequate interpretaof the RU&sian scene seems in fact to tion that will arrest the attention and yield one outstanding impression of stir the whole being of the people who inefficiency. The endless queues of must be lifted and moved if we are waiting people bef.ore every store to accompli.sh greater things. show that producti.on and distributi.on are inadequate even to the needs of How can we enlist the men and women of largest affairs who have Christian relationship but are now

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

negligible as a force in this work of bility for maintenance and supervision Christ. of the schools is thus incumbent upon the church. How to multiply the number of apologetic pens and voices for a time ISLANDS like this. Lepers at Oulion. Philippines Dr. Mott stressed very strongly the feeling that he found again and again No MORE called the Island of Death the great desirability of a larger de- it is now named both privately gree of unity and cooperation in mis- and in the press, "The Island of Hope." sion work. And we are glad to notice, that in- stead of being brought by main force, Jugoslarian Ohureh Stabilized as in the days gone by, patients ask to be sent here; so many more seem to THE church situation in Jugoslavia recover in Culion than in any of the has been stabilized through the pas- other leprosariums. Of course with sage of the new law signed by the the number of doctors and nurses and King, chartering both Lutheran and all the best facilities both as to hos- Reformed churches. The charter calls pitalization and general treatment, for the estabJi.shment of independent and with an unexcelled laboratory, it Lutheran organizations using the Ger- ought to be so. Millions have been exman tongue Jind the Slovak tongue, the pended in equipment. Protestant Church 'outside of the Lutheran being established as a single The physical aspects of the colony Reformed unit. have also materially improved, more adequate housing and much better Particular features of the new law buildings are being added constantly, include the right of the Church to ac- and the new roads are opening the quire and hold property, the granting island's interior, so that a good many to the Lutheran Church of the Augs- autos, mostly converted into jitneys, burg Confession a periodical subsidy are giving the people a chance to get from the State, the amount of which away from the rather crowded center must be recommended by the church of Culion, and this has added to the authorities to the Ministers of Finance general well-being. and Education for inclusion in the budget of the Government. Church We have for some years had two buildings, structures used f,or humani- country chapels for those of our memtarian and cultural purposes, the bers that have moved out, and the bi.shop's headquarters and parish number is steadily growing, though houses and parsonages are exempt it does not seem to affect the number from all taxes and imposts. The elec- attending the main church. tion of the head of the Church must be corufirmed by the King. The pas- Many of our best workers have been tors are exempt from any sort of civil able to return to their homes this year. service which may be considered in One dear deaconess had brought 19 opposition to the teachings of their re- souls to Christ in the two years since ligion. she was converted, and the others had all been used to the measure of their Religious instruction is imparted by gifts. One deaconess has been able to the pastor and, in case there is no pas- bring her whole family and many tor, by an acknowledged teacher of the neighbors to Christ, since she returned Lutheran faith. The Minister of Edu- home. Others are writing hopefully cation outlines a plan for religious in- of their efforts in the same direction struction in agreement with the stand- from a number of provinces. Thank ards of the Board of Education. The God, while we miss them greatly here, creation of parochial schools is de- the Lord is using them elsewhere, and termined by the church authorities He gives us the privilege of always subject, naturally, to confirmation by having eagerly attended training the Ministry of Education. Responsi- classes for new workers. One brother,

an elder, was a long while Sunday- work has prospered and made an school superintendent in his home amazingly large contribution to the church, and has been offered the pas- Oriental life of Hawaii. Within the torate. From Davao in the south to past ten year,s, 2,680 adults and 7,010 the furtherest part of the north they children have been baptized, and go, and God goes with them. We are $364,000 actually invested in church so thankful for the privilege God gives and parsonage property, a considerus to bring these dear ones to Him and able portion of that sum being raised to prepare them to be living witnesses locally.-Jay S. Stowell, in the Chrisfor ,our Master.-P.F. Jansen, in The tian Advocate. Philippine Presbyterian. GENERAL Missions in Hawaii " 0 "One Book for All People" NE Book for All People" is the ON A day in April 1820, there ap- theme for Universal Bible Sun- peared off the shores of the Sand- day, which occurs this year on Dewich Islands a boat carrying fourteen cember 7. The American Bible So- Congregational missionaries. Within ciety has mailed to thousands of pasthree months of their arrival they had tors throughout the United States the king himself reading the New an interesting brochure on this theme. Testament in English, and in a short by the Rev. James I. Vance, D.D., pastime, with the aid of a passing mis- tor of the First Presbyterian Church sionary from the South Sea Islands, of Nashville. Universal Bible Sunday they had reduced the native language aims through directing attention to to writing, and the printing press its notable passages, its majestic literwith which they were equipped was ature, and its sacred message to deturning out not only Webster's spell- velop a greater dependence upon it ing book in English, but an Hawaiian recognizing it to be preeminently the primer, the Sermon on the Mount, the "One Book for All People." Gospels, and finally the entire New Testament in the Hawaiian language. Faith and Order COllllllittee Meet The forty years of Hawaiian history THE Continuation Committee of the following 1860 were for the most part Faith and Order Conference conyears of reaction and change. In 1862 vened in Murren, Switzerland, August more than one-third of the Hawaiians 26-29. Strong men, and busy men, were church members; forty years were there who were willing to give later (1902) only one-tenth. In the their time and thought in serious busimeantime, large numbers of non- ness. Whatever lethargy and indif- Christian Orientals had found their ference to Faith and Order there may way to Hawaii, particularly after be among the rank and file of the 1876, when a reciprocity treaty with Christian communions, there is no the United States rendered the sugar doubt of the earnestness and strength industry profitable. At that time the of conviction on the part of some of total population of the islands was the great leaders of Christendom toonly about 57,000, the Hawaiians hav- day. From the prominent communions, ing greatly decreased in numbers, a east and west, Orthodox and Free circumstance which should not be Church, came men who believed in charged to the missionaries, as the this thing and who,se spirit could not native decrease had been amazing dur- be quenched by temporary repulses or ing the forty-two years of pre-mission- delays. One could not meet and hear ary contact with the white man',s dis- these men without being conscious of eases and vices. their earnestness, vision, courtesy and For a generation now the Methodist faith-yes and their infinite patience Episcopal Church has been specializ- and love. . . . Unanimously it was de- .'i~g in Oriental work in Hawaii. The cided to begin plans looking forward

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to another world conference to be held The Life and Work Committee not later than 1937. It was the most important action at MUrren. This is THE meeting at Chexbres, Switzer- a spur to the investigations of the land, in September, of the Continu- various commissions now at work. It ation Committee of the Stockholm will focus the attention of the Chris- Conference 'On Christian Life and tian world on this quest for unity- Work, was attended by more than 75 in which quest some of us believe with representatives of world-wide church all our hearts.-Bishop Warren L. Rog- groups. The Lord Bishop of Win- ers, in The Churchman. chester, acting as chairman of the Executive Committee, played a very Eva Clark Waid Memorial Fund for important role. The Lord Bishop of Chichester, Dr. Bell, whose services as World Peace Secretary of the Lambeth Conference alone would entitle him to wide recog- THE Eva Clark Waid Memorial nition, likewise contributed mU.£h. So Fund for World Peace, which the did many others, including Bishop Am- Council of Women for Home Missions mundsen of Denmark (this year's is raising, has been growing through preacher at the League of Nations), the summer months but is yet far Archibishop SOderblom of Sweden, Dr. from the $10,000 goal. Now that the William P. Merrill, Bishop Warren S. busy season for Christian work is Rogers and Dr. S. Parkes Cadman of here again, friends .of the cause of the United States, Professor Wilfred peace may show their love and loyalty Monod and Pastor J ezequel of France, by sending a gift to add to resources Dr. Adolf Deissmann, Dr. Stange, Dr. for spreading knowledge of the ac- Siegmund-Schultze and Dr. Hinderer c'Omplishments and things yet to be of Germany, Professor Alivasatos of accomplished in the establishment of Greece, Professor Choisy of Switzer- peace on earth and goodwill to men. land, and Dr. G. F. Barbour of Scot- land. It was a meeting in which, in Wars and rumors of war from near spite of many debates revealing dif- at hand and from the utterm'Ost part ferences, practically all important ac- of the earth bring to us a realization tions were finally unanimous. that the "King's business requireth haste." This part 'Of "the King's busi- As its name implies, the Life .and ness" can be best furthered by edu- Work Movement, which came into be- cating people away from war psy- ing through the memorable conference ch'Ology to thoughts of peace. at Stockholm in 1925, concentrates on the practical tasks of the churches. One of the finest agencies to ac- In it practically all of Protestantism, complish the desired result is the Na- the Anglican churches, and the Orthoti.onal Committee on the Cause and dox bodies of Europe are united to a Cure of War, which will hold its next degree nowhere else realized in of- Conference in Washington from Janu- ficial bodies. ary 19th to 22d. At that time the absence of our afore-time leader, Mrs. What the League of Nations is in Waid will be felt keenly. Her wise the realm of politics, the Life and judgment, brilliant mind and buoyant Work Movement must become in .the faith will be s'Orely missed. It would realm of church cooperation. The cause be a real satisfaction to lovers of of peace, as well as the all-embracing world peace, and to her personal cause of the Kingdom, demands infriends as well, if the announcement creasing practical m.oves in the direcof the completion of the fund -bearing tion of this kind of international her name could be made at that time. Christian cooperation. Its cost is re- latively small; its product is already Gifts, large or small, may be sent significant; its promise is distinctly to the Council of Women for Horne heartening to lovers of the universal Missions, 105 East 22d Street, New Christ.-Henry S. Leiper. York.-Florence E. Quinlan, Secretary.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in theBe columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

G. Campbell Morgan, the Man and His Prayer. By W. E. Orchard. 135 pp. Ministry. By John Harries. 252 pp. $1.25. Harper. New York. $2.50. Revell. New York. There cannot be too many good Campbell Morgan is one of the nota- books on prayer. And this is a good ble preachers of this generation. No one. The famous London preacher has other living minister has been heard some peculiar ideas on other subjects, by more people of all denominations but this little volume shows that he and in a larger number of cities in knows prayer. He discusses its phi- America and Great Britain. He repre- losophy, practice and power, its thesents a type of which Protestantism oretical and practical difficulties, and does not have enough and for which, the various forms of intercessory, unfortunately, it makes no official pro- mental and mystical prayer. He brings vision-namely a mini,ster of excep- the reader into the inner chamber of tional pulpit power, freed from the Christian experience, face to face with parochial exactions of a local pastorate Christ. The book can be carried in a and devoted to a ministry at large. pocket and read with profit at a;}y Great preachers are few and should available time. not be monopolized by rich city congregations but should be used for a wider Affirmations of Christian Belief. By Herapostolic ,service for the inspiration bert Alden Yantz, Ph.D., 114 pp. $1.00. of many pastors and congregations Macmillan. New York. throughout the country. This is a small but weighty book The present volume describes such by the professor of the philosophy of a ministry. It can hardly be called a religion and Christian ethics in the dispassionate biography, nor, as its Graduate School of Theology in Obersubject is still living, a complete one. lin College. The sub-title is "Essays The writer is an enthusiastic admirer Toward Understanding Spiritual Perof Dr. Morgan and he can see only sonality." In six thoughtful and sugperfection in him. He has given us, gestive chapters, the author state,s the however, a remarkably interesting nar- beliefs that he firmly holds and that rative of a man whose natural gifts he deems essential to an understandfor public speaking, he began to ing of the Gospel of Jesus. Not all preach at the age of thirteen, have the essential affirmations of Christian been developed and supplemented by belief, but those that ani discussed hard and unremitting study. Dr. Mor- are helpfully treated.

gan is preeminently an expository Life of PhlIllps Brooks. By William Lawpreacher, and hundreds of thousands rence. 151 pp. $2. Harper. New have found their hearts burning with- York.

in them as he has opened to them the Phillips Brooks was one of the most Scriptures in Sunday sermons and influential Christian leadens of his in week day conferences and Bible generation, and his influence still classes. In his sixty-eighth year he abides. He was big in person, in heart, is apparently as vigorous and eloquent in brain, and in spiritual force. He as ever. We are grateful to Mr. Har- could not have a more competent biogries for this graphic account of a rapher than his distinguished succes- great evangelical ministry. sor in the Episcopal diocese of Mas- 960

BOOKS WORTH READING

sachusetts. BishQP Lawrence bas of thQse given under Missions. How- written with sympathetic recognition ever, if one desires to' know the opin- of the great gifts of his subject. One ions of the famous and the less known, rises from the perusal -of this admir- (such as Bishop Kilgo, Harrahan, able biography with a fuller under- John Plato, Raans, BiederwQlf and standing Qf a remarkable preacher, Coolidge) the bQok may be Qf inter- and with a strengthened faith in the est. A redeeming feature is the fact beauty and power of the Gospel that he that all of the qUQtations are con- so eloquently proclaimed. To him, structive and nQt destructive of faith "religion," says Bishop Lawrence, in the GQspel and its PQwer untO' sal- "instead Qf being a phase of life, a vation. S. M. ZWEMER.

creed, or a system Qf theQlogy, was The Korean Church and the Nevins Meth- life itself; a power transfusing and ods. By Charles Allen Clark. 278 pp. trans1iguring the whole personality." $2.50. Revell. New York.

Mahatma Gandhi-His Own Story. Edited The authQr is prQfessQr in the by C. F. Andrews, 371 pp. $2.50. Mac- Union Theological Seminary at Pyengmillan. New York. yang. As a Presbyterian missiO'nary Whatever differences Qf QpiniDn who has lived in Korea for twenty- there may be regarding the wisdQm seven years, he has participated in Df his methDds, nO' Dne can dDubt the most of the movements described in character and the single-hearted de- his treatise.

vQtion to' an ideal of this extraDrdinary Two things make this an important man. Dr. J Qhn Haynes Holmes, of volume for friends and students of New York, whO' writes an Introduc- mISSIons. In the first place, it deals tion of eighteen pages, goes sO' far with Korea, a field where missions as to characterize him "as Qne Qf the have had marked -success. A history supremely great persDnalities not only .of the NatiQnal Presbyterian Church Df his own but of all time." Many is given, tracing its development frQm bOQks and innumerable articles have 10,000 to 160,000 members in thirty been written abQut him, and nQW we years. The story of the remarkable have "his Qwn stQry," edited by his growth Df this Church in self-gQvern- c1Qse friend and devQted disciple, C. ment, self-support, and self-propaga- F. Andrews. It is a human dDcument tiQn shQuld be an inspiratiQn to all whO'

of absorbing interest, not only re- are interested in the spread of the counting the outward events of Gand- Christian faith.

hi's life but disclDsing his mQtives, In the second place, this volume his aspirations, and indeed the very treats fully the much-discussed "Nevi- SQul of this remarkable leader 'Of mil- us Methods." Since the success of the liDns Qf men and worrien. The book KQrea MissiDn is attributed largely is Dne of the nDtable autDbiographies to their use, students Qf missions will of literature. wish to benefit from this careful docu- mented study. D. J. FLEMING. The World's Best Religious Quotations. By James Gilchrist Lawson. 192 pp. $2.00. Revell. New York. This Believing World. By Lewis Browne. 347 pp. $1.00. Macmillan. This is a disapPO'inting bQDk in many ways. The aim of the authQr Written in 1926 by a yQung rabbi has not been attained. Some Qf the of 29 years, this bOQk on "the great qUQtatiDns are inaccurate, SQme un- religions of mankind," has been re- printed 16 times and is nQW reissued labeled, and, in SDme extraordinary in this cheaper editiO'n. It is brilcases, mislabeled. The adjective, re- IigIQus, is too narrow fDr the scope of liantly written, but frDm a Christian viewpoint it is very unsatisfactory, as the CQntents. Under Bible, Christ, and might be expected from a rationalistic Sin, the quotatiDns are cO'mmonplace Jew who rejects everything superand nQt arresting. The same is true natural in the Old Testament as well 6

as in the New and who sees in Jesus and reverent gratitude 'Of vanished only a man of "extraordinary person- worshippers and make any page alive ality." with them 1" the author modestly asks. Well, he has done it beyond any Glimpses of Grandeur. By Frank Dur- other writer .on this subject with mard Adams. 234 pp. $2. Harpers. which we are acquainted. The book New York. is notable for its range of thought, its accuracy of scholarship, its catholicity The author, who is minister of the of ,spirit, and its beauty of diction. Universalist Church of Our Father in Detroit, here attempts to make real Ten Thousand Miles With a Dog Sled. and vivid the earthly life of Jesus. Hudson Stuck, D.O., F.R.G.S. Sec- He says that his "primary purpose has ond Edition. 420 pp. $4.00. Scribbeen, not to produce another formal ners. New York. biography of Jesus, but rather to present a series of consecutive pictures Missionary itinerating, with its throwing into sharp relief the most hardships and perils and 'yet its JQYs significant scenes and characteristics and its values, has never been more of His ministry." In doing this he interestingly portrayed than in this has used his imagination in enlarging bQok. The author is the Archdeacon incidents and filling in backgrounds. of the YukQn, of the Protestant Epis- There is an occasional opinion from copal Church. For many years he has which we dissent, but the general tone ranged over the vast region in the of the book is reverent and devout and interior of Alaska with his message the author has evidently sought to ex- of the love of God in Christ. His alt Christ. narrative is a stirring 'One, abounding in informatiQn, in incident, in graphic Procession of the Gods. By Gaius Glenn description and in evidences of the Atkins. 577 pp. $3.00. Richard R. blessing that the Gospel brings to Smith. New York. lonely, isolated people. This is an exceptionally interesting The first edition was published in book on the religions of the world, by 1914. As it was n'O longer obtainable a minister who, after successful pas- and as the demand for it was renewed, torates of Congregational churches in this second edition has now been is- Providence and Detroit, is now pro- sued. It is a volume of permanent fessor in the Presbyterian Theological value, an epic in missionary literature, Seminary in Auburn, N. Y. His f'Or- a tQnic to faith, and an unconscious mer volumes, notably "Pilgrims 'Of but none the less splendid witness t.o the Lonely Road," "Modern Religious missionary devotion. Cults and Movements," and "The Making of the Christian Mind," have taken A BUSINESS OF YOUR OWN high rank in religious literature, and this one, we think, is destined to be- Material depression turns people's mind to things come a classic on the subject. With spiritual. Our country needs WHOLICSOME and rare insight he portrays man's faiths CHRISTIAN books. We publish and import them. and superstitions and aspirations and We list ONLY books which are true to Bible. gropings after God from "the dark Some 600 titles in Fiction. Fine Religious Books. and the dawn" through Egypt, Baby- AGENTS WANTED in ALL SECTIONS. BIG lon, Nineveh, Persia, Greece, Rome, COMMISSION. ASK for CATALOGUES. Arabia, India and China, to the su- TERMS. etc. preme revelation by the prophets and apostles of Palestine and the incarna- WM. B. EERDMANS PUBLISHING CO. tion of Jesus of Nazareth. It is a 234 Pearl Street, Grand Rapids, Mich. moving story of the struggles of the human spirit, "if haply they might SOMETHING NEW! feel after Him and find Him." "How Syat_atlcDailyBeadiagCards can one recapture the awe and fear NBW ~ S~stftJt l!!..nas;s to Rev.ratio.. How to read your Bible once each year in 16 min~ otes a day. A PRACTICAL GIFT to Your Friends.

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Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. OOMING EVENTS Norah's Victory. L. A. Barter-Snow. 262 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. December 7-UNIVERSAL BIBLE SUNDAY. London.

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NEW BOOKS Affirmations of Christian Belief. Herbert YOU NEED Alden Yantz. 114 pp. $1. Macmil- lan. New York. GOD aDd MAN Community Religion and the Denomina- A Devotional Manual for Daily Use tional Heritage. J. R. Hargreaves and others. 150 pp. $1. Harpers. New By BLAIR SCOTT York. ~ It reveals to you the spiritual law of God, Mahatma Gandhi-His 'Own Story. Edited "Lunder which the Master met and overcame by C. F. Andrews. 371 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. all beliefs of the flesh and particularly those of SUPPLY AND HEALTH. Glimpses of Grandeur. Frank Durmard Adams. 234 pp. $2. Harpers. New (Pages 22, 23. 24) York. For Bible References, recording God's available Hinduism Invades America. Wendell SPIRITUAL SUPPLY, UNLIMITED Thomas. 300 pp. $3. Beacon Press. SUPPLY AND CONTINUED SUPPLY. New York. (Pages 12I.13z) Hands Aronnd the World. Archer Wal- lace. 134 pp. $1. R. R. Smith. New For Bible References, bestowing Christ's HEAL. York. ING POWER ON ALL WHO BELIEVE.

Indian Islam. Murray '1'. Titus. 250 (Pages III'II3) pp. $4.50. Oxford University Press. New York. Whatever your problem– THIS BOOK Life of l'hillips Brooks. William Law- rence. 515 pp. $2. Harpers. New By the Grandson of Walter Scott York. Unveils your God-given heritage of Dominion Lettice Martyn's Crusade. Flora E. Berry. Limp, Rouad Coraers, 'I.SO 255 pp. 28. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- don. :—– ORDER BLANK G. Campbell Morgan, the Man and His SEND TO YOUR BOOKSELI ER. or Ministry. John Harries. 252 pp. $2.50. Revell. New York. FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY, 158 Fifth Avenue, New York. "Ma," the Heroine of Calabar-A Biog- raphy of Mary Slessor. Esther E. Please send me, postpaid cop_ _ Enoch. Is. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- GOD AND MAN, by Blair Scott. don. Name __________________________ Merry and Sherry. M. E. Drewson. 96 pp. 18. 3d. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- A d d u : s s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ don. enclosed.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writin~ to advertisers. 3 THE KING'S BUSINESS, $1.50 {;othforlsave The Missionary Review of the World, $2.50 j $t.00 7he Two Magtuinea May Be Ordered Sent to Different Addreuea THINK OF IT! SOc. EXTRA WILL BRING YOU THIS BIBLE FAMILY MAGAZINE FOR A YEAR The King's Business is the official magazine of the Bible Institute of Los Angeles, devoted to helpful Bible studies, editorials and contributed articles on Biblical themes of vital interest.

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The Missionary Review of the World — March 1929

TONGUED EVANGELlSTS IN 'l'YPE

Gifts Fabrics Scarfs from Liberty of London N EW things from Liberty's are always arriving at McCutcheon's, retail headquarters in New York for this famous English hrm. Tudric Pewter, Moorcroft Ware, Old English Silver and the many novelties make delightful gifts. In fabrics, there are colorful Cretonnes, hand-blocked Linens, smart Silks and fresh, dainty Cottons. Scarfs from Liberty's come in such a wide range of colors that you may always hnd one suitable for your costume.

Me Cutcheon·s n. ~ FIFTH AVENUE AT FORTy,NINTH Scr. DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK J&q us Ib, OIl THE BIBLICAL SEMINARY IN NEW YORK Interdenominational WILBERT W. WHITE, President SUMMER TERM June 19 — July 30, 1929 Courses for Pastors, College and Seminary Professors, Directors of Religious Education, Theological Students, Missionaries, and other Christian Leaders and Workers.

Term divided into two periods of three weeks each. For full information and schedule, address WALTER E. BACHMAN, DEAN 235 E. 49th Street, :: New York, N. Y.

(Send for full Catalogue of Seminary. Five Departments) Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THB WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD .,~ – DELAVAN L. PIIlMON, llItUt",. LET YOUR GIFT MAROH TABLE OF CONTENTS to Foreign Missions Page ~lANY TONGUED EVANGELISTS IN PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME 'l'YP~] ……………….. FronNspiece YOll can make a generous gift to foreign mis~ sions and have a needed income for yourself . ISTRATBGIC C)<]N'l'ER IN C~:NTl(AL and others from the money you give by the AMBRICA …. CLEI.A"D B. MeA"EE 165 Annuity Gift Plan A CITY CHURCH AND THE UN- CHURCHED …….. A. Z. CO"RAD 173 This plan relieves you of uncertainty and worry caused by changing-values of invested SIGNS OF PROGESS IN CHINA …. funds and assures you a fixed income of ………….. WILLIAM A. ~!ATHER 176 41% to 9% per year THE HmlE MISSION TASK TODAY .. ……… ………. . J. S. STOWEI,L 182 for the rest of your life THE AFRICAN YOU'l'H OF TOMORROW A reserve fund of over $1.500,000 guarantees • •••••••••••••••••••• MAX YEIlGAN 187 the prompt payment of annuities to you.

AE'TER JERUSALEM-IN SYRIA ….. Protect yourself against loss through •••••••••••••••• HABIB SUBHAEYAH 196 unwise investments and at the same time help send the gospel to aU the world. WORK FOR SOLDJERS IN CHILE •.•• • ………….. WILLIAM M. STRONG 197 For full -in/ormation write A REMARKABLE INVALID IN SHANG- Erne.t F. Hall. Secretary. Dept. of Annuitie. HAI ……… GEORGE T. B. DAVIS 199 BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

156 Filth Avenue. New York A:'< INVALID'S FELLOWSHIP OF PRAyER …………..•.•..••.•• 200 'l'OPICS OF THE TIMES … EDITORIALS 201 PREPARE WELL METHODS FOR WORKERS •……. FOR •.•• . EDITED BY MRS. F. L JOHNSON 208 WORLD WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN SERVICE • ••• EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 216 THE Kennedy School of Missions (in- terdenominational) offers technical WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BUL- training for Christian work in any for- LETIN …………………… . eign field_ Graduate school for candi- .. , . EDITED BY ELI,A D. MACLAURIN 219 dates, appointees, missionaries. Study of phonetics of high value. Over a WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ……..•… 222 dozen languages available in labora- tory. Close affiliation with Seminary BOOKS WORTII READING ……….. 237 and School of Religious Education. Exceptional library. Sociology, Bible, TERMS.-$2.~0 a year. ($2.00 In clubs ot business methods, etc.

live.) Foreign postage, ~O cents. Single copies, Write for catalog. 25 cent.. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY RIIlVIEW PUBLISHING COM- Dean E. W. Capen, Ph.D., Hartford. Connecticut PANY, INC. All rights reserved. HARTFORD THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. Seminary Foundation RoBJlRT E. SPUR, Pre8ident w. Douglas Mackenzie, D.D., President WILLIAH I. CHAMBIlRLAIN, Vice-Pre.ldent DIlLAVAN L. PIEBSON, 8ecretarv WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Publication Omce, 3d & Reily St., Harrisburg, P". 250 a copy. $2.50 a Year. EdItorial and Business Office, 156 Fltth Avenu~, New York City. lilntered a. second-class matter at the Post Omce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Aet of Marcil 3, 1871.

Please mention THID MIS8IONAlty REVIEW OJ' THE WORLD In writing to advertisers. OBITUARY MRS. JAMES STEWART, the widow of Three Missionary Leaders the famous Dr. Stewart of Lovedale, South Africa, died in East London on October 31st, and her body was laid to rest beside her husband on the crest of "Sandile's Kop," which overlooks Lovedale Institute. Mrs. Stewart, the daugh- A History of Christian ter of Alexander Stephens, went from Missions in China England to South Africa in 1867 as a young bride of eighteen. By Kenneth S. Latourette, Yale University * ** After bringing out the points of agreement REV. HENRY A. BILKERT, for ten years and difference between the religions of China a missionary of the Reformed Church and Christianity a full and comprehensive in America, and stationed at Basrah, history is given for the first time in any lanwas shot from ambush and killed by guage of :.Jestorian, of Roman Catholic, Wahabi raiders on January 21st while driving along the desert frontier between Protestant, and Russian Orthodox Christian Irak and the Nedj in company with missions in China, continuing down to the Hori. Charles R. Crane, former Ameri- year 1927. This work is based upon an ex- can Minister to China. Mr. Bilkert was tensive examination of the sources referred born in Kalamazoo, Michigan, on June to in hundreds of footnotes and an ample 24, 1892, and after his graduation from bibliography. It will long be the standard, Hope College and Western Theological indispensable book in its field for all those Seminary went to Arabia as a mission- actively engaged in foreign missions. Oc- ary. He leaves a wife and four young tavo, 900 pages. Price $5.00 children. *** The Pilgrimage of Buddhism MRS. MARGARET M. WATSON, the widow By James B. Pratt – Author of "'The Religious Consciousneu." etc. of the late Dr. Andrew Watson, died in This is the first time that a detailed and syn- Cairo, Egypt, on January 11th at the thetic view of Buddhism as a whole, ancient age of ninety-five, twelve years after and modern, Southern and Northern, has been accomplished. A keen student of the her husband. She was born near St. psychology 0 f religion, the author has in his George, New Brunswick, Canada, on Au- travels throughout Buddhist lands gathered a vast amount of fascinating material which gust 23, 1833, and in 1861 went with he here interweaves with historical fact and interpretation to present ,n exhaustive reher husband to Egypt as missionaries of view of Buddhism as it has been practiced through the centuries and as it is lived tothe United Presbyterian Church. There day. they shared in fruitful missionary serv- "We have had a number of books on Bud- dhism, but not one tbat can equal this either ice and her quiet Christian influence of in literarY charm or in exact information." sixty-seven years still bears fruit. One -The ~Vitl1ess. Octavo, 800 pages.. Price, of her sons, Dr. Charles R. Watson, is $3.00.

7resident of the American University at Cairo.

*** MRS, GEORGE GRENFELL, the widow of the great Baptist missionary and ex- plorer, who went out from England to Africa in 1874, died recently in Jamacia, The Gospel for Asia West Indies. Few explorers in any part By Kenneth Saunders of the world have made such extensive This is a comparative study of three reliand valuable contributions to geograph- gious masterpieces-the Bhagavad-gita, the Scriptures of India; the Lotus Scriptures 0 f ical knowledge as did Dr. Grenfell. Japan; and the Fourth Gospel. It is a m:s- sionary book inasmuch as it offers the He married in 1879 Miss Rose Pa- Fourth Gospel to the Oriental world as that particular expression of the central Christience Edgerley, a member of that Afri- tian truth in terms which will appeal most to it. can race to whose welfare he devoted his life. His African bride proved to be "It is in the form and temper of the best apologetic of the times. It should be read a true helpmeet. Mrs. Grenfell's family and pondered by all for whom it is intended –moulders of religious thought and life."- had long resided in the West Indies, Jlltrl'1lotiolioi Re'"il'"w of Afissi01is. Price $2.50 but had returned under one of the early colonization schemes in connection with the liberation of the slaves to live in their native land, in mission colonies of negroes and Mullatoes formed on the Cameroon coast and on the Island of Fernando, Po.

For twenty-eight years Mrs. Gren- fell worked side by side with her hus- THE MACMILLAN COMPANY band and after his death in 1907 she 60 Fifth Avenue New York s~ttled in the West of England for a tIme, but subsequently went to Jamaica with her family.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIli:W OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. Her(~ are twenty-five missionaries, speaking twenty-three languages, selected and sent out by Mrs. Finley J, Sbepard of New York, through the mans and distributed pel"Sonal1y with the help of the American Tract Society and Christian workers in many Jands. The languages include–as numbered above-(l) Ruthenian, (2) Modern Russian, (3) Engllsh, (4) Arabic, (5) Armenian, (6) Armeno -Turkish, (7) French, (9) Bohemian, (10) Yiddish, (11) Swedish, (12) Portuguese, (14) Norwegian, (15) Poll"h, (16) Dutch, (17) Chinese, (19) Japanese, (20) Russian, (21) Hungarian, (22) Italian, (24) Latvian, (25) German. Others are in modern Greek, Spanish, and several Indian languages.

LII, No. 3 March,1929

THE MISSIONARY %eWO..,,-~ A STRATEGIC CENTER IN CENTRAL AMERICA BY REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D.D.,* Chicago, Illinois N OTHING can lessen our in- lations with organized religious in- terest in the experiment in fluence, so that evangelical work democracy now being tried is heavily handicapped. Christian- in China and, in other large areas, ity is never carried on well in but our interest should be retained cramped and restricted territory; in the complicated problems of Lat- it requires for its best expression in America where democracy is an interchange of leadership and being tried on smaller measur'e· relationships. Saying that only na- ments but with much energy. tionals of a given country can be South of the Rio Grande are six- it,s exponents may be a natural re- teen independent republics and five ply to ultra-foreign administration, dependencies, not reckoning the as it certainly is a reaction against island areas of the West Indies and ultra-foreign religious leadership, the Caribbean Sea. The three but it is contrary to the genius of Guianas (British, French, Dutch) religion as it would be to the genius in South America and British Hon- of art or science. To require that duras and Panama in Central no one can paint or sing or teach America are the dependencies, all science unless he is a citizen of a of them operating with a high de- given land would be held absurd, gree of independence. All the rest unless there had been adverse con- of this vast area is occupied by ditions which permitted it for a nations which maintain their in- brief period, and then it would be dependence and have done so for recognized as an admission of a many years. weakness soon to be overcome. Re- The republic of Mexico, with a stricting public religious ministries population of 15,500,000, is having to native Mexicans is a confession its notoriously difficult experiences of weakness, which the govern- in making adjustment to modern ment will soon surpass, and all ob- conditions and is reacting severely servers ought to be patient with from centuries of unfortunate re- it in view of the adverse experi- ences which have led to it.

• Dr, and ~fT-s, McMee aIHI Mr. aIH1 :IiI'S, Next south of Mexico come the "Talter Mcilougall buYe recently returned from five republics that make up Cenau interesting trip to Guatemala, as a deputu- tral America, running down to the ~~O~l t~~:Y~~:ia~OC:ur~fhl Fu~ei~: i~~~;;l~O~~ 165

Panama Canal. Below that, of the next level, nearly 5,000 feet course, are the ten republics cov- high. On most reaches of this level ering the area of South America, are rich coffee tincas, with various Brazil much the largest, with an woods also available. Above this area larger than the United States is stilI another level, running as of America. These ten republics high as 13,000 feet, the height of have a total population of at least the highest volcano-mountain. The 50,000,000. The Central American second city of the republic, Quezal- republics have 5,500,000 people, tenango, is nearly 8,000 feet above which bring the entire Latin Amer- sea level. Wheat, maize and coffee ican population on the main land grow on this level at many points.

to 71,000,000. A striking physical phenomenon is It should be familiar to all that observable not far from this sec- the southern part of the hemi- ond city-a mountain that is grow- sphere swings to the eastward so ing at the rate of 500 feet a year far that a line drawn from the and that is now about 3,000 feet United States straight sou t h high. Residents recall it when it misses South America entirely. appeared as a mere knotty bulge The hinge on which the hemisphere in the middle of a crater and have turns is the 'Central American re- seen it gradually rise, thrusting public of Guatemala. This is so up from the crater material which accurately true that a line drawn steadily falls from its summit and south from Chicago runs through is forming the sides of a mountain the capital of that republic, Guate- of much the same shape as those mala City, and almost immediately surrounding it. Most of it is still after passing it runs into the Pa- too warm because of its relation cific Ocean, all the territory south to the crater through which it of that point lying east of the line. comes to permit vegetation, but it This small land has other strategic is easy, to foresee the disintegra- points. In the days of a Central tion of its surface and the appear- American Federation it was the ance of verdure there. One stands capital of the Federation. Nicarau- at the door of the attractive evan- gua is slightly larger in area but gelical chapel at Palmar and ac- Guatemala is much larger in pop- cepts the growing mountain as a ulation and its location, running symbol of what is occurring over through from ocean to ocean, gives the entire land in the growth of it increased possibilities of influ- the evangelical movement. Mighty, ence. A good railroad crosses the upheaving forces are obviously at country with excellent terminals work to produce both phenomena.

on both coasts. Other railroads, The Religious Situation and even more automobile roads, are being built in its various sec- The religious situation in Guate- tions. mala is equally interesting. Like A Three·Storied Country all the Latin American republics it has been for centuries under Ro- Guatemala is physically interest- man Catholic influence, rising at ing. It is a three-storied country. times to dominance. Through all Part of it lies on the sea level and the centuries there has been a Ro- is rich in banana and other tropi- man Catholic opportunity at least, cal growth. The capital city is on and the actual condition of masses

A STRATEGIC CENTER IN CENTRAL AMERICA

of the people is a fact with which Church owned from one half to that church has to reckon. The three fourths of the area of the Minister of Education of the gov- country and this land was exernment says that the illiteracy is empted from taxation because denow 93 per cent arid this figure is voted to religion, though much of confirmed by the rector of the uni- it was income-producing. This put versity in the capitol. The living an impossible tax burden on the conditions of multitudes of people, rest of the land. The government the condition of many women, the held that it had been given by citiprevalence of concubinage, and zens directly or indirectly and it this depressing illiteracy are in- was all taken over as public propdictments of any organization that erty. All that was really used for has had a chance to change the so- religious purposes was continued DR. McAFEE AND AN EVANGELICAL CONGREGATION IN GUATEMALA These Christians are building their own church, which is ollIy pArtly completed.

cial order and has failed to do so. in that service under direction of Like all the Latin American re- the Church, while much of the republics, Guatemala has taken dras- mainder has been returned to taxtic courses against the control of able ownership, through grants or its life from without, even in the purchases. This makes a complimatter of religion, though it has cation for any religious agency, taken no such steps as those in for it cannot hold property direct- Mexico. One of the most drastic ly for this purpose. Various recrestrictions is the one which pro- ognized devices are used to make vides that no corporation, except religious work possible and these the government, can hold property devices have the full understandfor religious purposes. At the time ing of the government, whose ofof the revolution under the great ficials explain frankly that the patriot Barrios it was found that limitation is aimed at a condition under one device and another the which had become unsupportable.

Whether the immediate tendency and those who feel the pressure of is toward the stricter Mexican lim- the omnipresent materialism. The itations or back to normal and increase of wealth among the com- modern attitudes is not yet clear. paratively few has don e in A number of nationals counted the Guatemala what it does anywhere Mexican laws so unnecessary as to -it makes the restrictions of re- be impossible in Guatemala; other ligion irksome. This is a consid- observers were not so sure that erable group, if one niay judge by this is universal opinion. the talk and manner of people.

Four groups are discoverable in A third group consists of serious Guatemala with reference to reli- minded people who are deeply disgion. One group frankly accept satisfied with the Roman Church. and follow the Roman Church, con- Some of them hold on to it for tinuing its practices and support- lack of anything they can see that ing its methods. A new archbishop is better; some of them have abanwas consecrated in the cathedral doned the Church, but without rein Guatemala City recently and the nouncing religion or becoming exercises were carried through indifferent to religion. A . good with much pomp and ceremony. many converts in the evangelical It is impossible to estimate how churches witness to this group, large is this group of loyal Roman- which is of rather large dimenists. Their churches do not seem sions. largely attended, though occasional churches in the larger places One Million Indians may be exceptions. In most of the villages through which one passes A fourth group is very 'large, the church buildings appear run consisting of the unreached Indian down and unused, though many of population, many of them pagan them announce the occasions when in the historical sense. The Ina visiting priest will hear confes- dians of Guatemala are of the same sions and say masses. Inquiry- strain in general as those found shows that many of the religious in all the Latin American republics, observances are followed quite ig- totalling between ten and fifteen norantly, no one being quite sure millions. In Guatemala they conwhat they are all about. Bells are stitute more than half the popula- tion, which means that there are to be rung, processions to be over one million Indians in the formed and genuflections to be country. (The official population made, but just why is not so clear. figure for Guatemala is 2,119,000.) The naive intertwining of rem- These Indians are of the Maya nants of paganism with the newly stock and retain traditions which received Romanism is evident in connect them with this civilization.

remoter regions, as in most uncul- The government intends to Latin- tured sections of the world. ize them as rapidly as possible The second group consists of through education in the Spanish those who have frankly abandoned language, but this process goes on the Church, most of them having very slowly for lack of teachers adopted nothing at all instead. and funds and there are large These include patriots, who have areas where the Indian languages come to feel that the organization are the only ones of intimate per- is dangerous to national liberty, sonal intercourse. The three larg-

A STRATEGIC CENTER IN CENTRAL AMERICA

MEMBERS OF THE GUATEMALA MISSION AND THEIR FAMILIES est tribal groups, Cachiquels, laws which result in a form of pe- Quiches and Mams, are :unlike onage, that several slight efforts enough in speech to make common have been made to colonize evanconversation among them imprac- gelical believers in places where ticable. Their languages when re- they can acquire land and exercise duced to writing do not look nor their newly formed ambitions, but sound alike. The current tongue the results are numerically small of the land is Spanish, though it and the believers for the most part is not understood by all the Indians live among their friends of other nor .used in intimate dealings. The connections. Sometimes this is Roman Church leaders have not charged with difficulty because of taken these languages seriously local intolerance and oppression, enough to provide religious in- but even then it is apt to turn to struction in them and of course good because of the testimony that maintain their services in the Lat- is borne by their lives. When a in, which is not understood even former medicine-man or witch-docby the ordinary Spanish speaking tor, addicted like his friends to worshipers. This has produced a drink, turns from all such praccurious blend of paganism and Ro- tices and is freed from all drinkmanism in some sections and has ing, his f r i end s cannot be left other sections entirely pagan. indifferent to the change. Even a Interwoven with these four pop- casual visitor to one village was ulation groups is the relatively asked to explain the "medicine" small evangelical body, numbering which one such man had found only a few thousands, but drawn which made him able to withstand from all the other groups and the old temptations and put aside closely related personaliy to them. the old lucrative but fraudulent The industrial system of the coun- practices. That he had found J etry is so unusual, with large hold- sus Christ was his own explanation ings in a few hands and with debt but it was mystifying to his poorly

trained Roman-pagan friend. This a national leadership of a high or- believer's life had been attempted der adequate for the later move- several times but he was himself ments of the church. There are a challenging reality to his com- many earnest and dedicated pre- munity. Their wide distribution dicatores and simple hearted work- results in the building of little ers, but no Paul has yet ap- chapels in many villages according peared to take his place among the to the practice of the country leaders of the land, trained as their which permits the erection of an equals but aflame with the zeal of edifice as far as funds are avail- the Gospel. In so small a land a able, allowing it to wait at any regular theological seminary may stage until more money can be not develop, but Bible institutes found. Chapels are in use, there- already in existence should be de- fore, without walls, windows, seats, veloped and exceptional men may desk-merely used with whatever be sent to seminaries in Mexico or is there to use. Few of them have elsewhere around the Caribbean any money in them from outside area. This is to be one of the maj or the congregation and it may be topics for the Havana Conference some years before they are really in June, 1929, and all friends of finished. Meanwhile, the worship- Guatemala will be concerned to ing group bear their testimony and have it satisfactorily decided.

continue their expansion. The lines of evangelical mis- The Protestant Missions sionary work are much the same as those in other lands. Evangel- The few Protestant missionary istic witnessing is central here as bodies in Guatemala for the most elsewhere and in all the ways fa- part represent the smaller evan- miliar elsewhere. Nothing takes gelical units of America-the Naz- the place of the traveling preacher arenes, Seventh Day Adventists, and colporter, of tracts and pic- Primitive Methodists and Friends, tures, Scripture portions and Bible in addition to the Central Ameri- classes. All periodicals published can Mission and the Presbyterian in the country are carried free in Church in the U. S. A. The Cen- the mails and several evangelical tral American Mission is an un- papers are issued by various denominational age n c y, wit h groups. The illiteracy of the peo- headquarters in Dallas, Texas, op- ple naturally restricts such meth- erating on the "faith basis." The ods. This same illiteracy puts Presbyterian work is in and around educational work at a premium the capital and Quezaltenango, and several agencies have estab- with about 150 preaching points lished schools of various grades.

regularly occupied. There is a fair- The Presbyterians have two schools ly recognized allotment of terri- for girls and one small industrial tory, though this has never been school for boys. The girls' school made formal, and the working re- at QuezaItenango has been ex- lations among the missionaries and panded until it is a fully recognized evangelical nationals are generally normal teachers' college and lacks satisfactory. only one year of giving the B. A.

The weakest place in the evan- degree. Other agencies have gelical program seems to be in the schools and many of the evangeli- lack of well-laid plans for training cal chapels have local primary

A STRATEGIC CENTER IN CENTRAL AMERICA

schools supported by the people principal part of the population with occasional small subsidies and of the territory is dangerously from mission funds. remote from medical attention. The prevailing disease is malaria The close relation between reli- and the Rockefeller Foundation is gion and the physical life in pa- cooperating with the government g ani s m, represented by the in a systematic attack upon it. The "medicine-man" as the adviser of Presbyterians have acquired a site his followers in all matters, makes which will be used in part for a medical work almost imperative. tuberculosis sanitarium or rest Indians are accustomed to physical house in a non-malarial locality. guidance from their religious leaders. Missionaries who are recog- Considerable divergence exists nized as the new religious leaders in the form of organization of the OUTSIDE 'I' HE A)1ERICAN PRESBYTERIAN )USSION HOSPITAL IN GUATEMALA CITY are constantly being looked to for native church, partly owing to the guidance in sickness and distress. inherent independence of the An excellent hospital is maintained groups which have been formed. by the Presbyterians in Guatemala A very interesting type is that of City, with an extension service at the entirely independent "Presby- Quezaltenango and with a wider tery of Western Guatemala," ambulance service in prospect. around Quezaitenango. It consistf; There are many Guatemalan phy- of two ordained native ministers, sicians, but 85 per cent of them three ordained missionaries, and are located in the two principal one representative from each of cities where less than ten per cent the twelve organized "consistoof the people live. The United rios." A consistorio is made up of Fruit Company maintains much all the elders, deacons and deaconexcellent medical service in which esses of a given territory, selected native employees share. But the from any "preaching points" in

that territory and meeting at least were recently ordained there by monthly for conference. This con- the Presbyterian Mission. These 8i8torio is responsible for all the two Presbyteries would readily preaching points of its territory constitute a Synod and can invite and the "predicators" work under the representatives of all the other its direction until they become or- Mission groups to unite with them dained ministers when they pass in a national evangelical body. It under the guidance directly of the is a long step toward an indige- Presbytery. Whenever a preaching nous church in Guatemala. Its weakness lies in its lack of well point develops elders and other trained native leadership. One of officers of sufficient number and the most aggressive and well orcharacter to become independent, ganized native churches in mission it is made the center of another lands is the Central Church of con8i8torio and given responsibil- Guatemala City, whose pastor is a ity for its territory. It is a modi- mIssIOnary but whose Sunday fication of the familiar "parish sys- School superintendent, teachers tem" to which the Roman Church and officers, are virtually all nahas accustomed the people. Each tives of the land. It is doubtful consistorio sends one elder to the if there is a Guatemalan minister Presbytery and this body has large of any evangelical group who could be wisely placed in charge of its powers. Its evangelistic committee pulpit at this time and be expected has the assignment of evangelistic to make from it the appeal which funds made available by the Pres- the church should make to the men byterian Board for its Mission and of light and leading who constitute the cooperation between the Mis- the leadership of the country. sion and the Presbytery is neces- Such men will emerge as the years sarily very close and constant. The go along and at any time the Spirit system itself is worth the study of of God may select a man on a Daother lands. The existing Presby- mascus road around whom the tery framed its own creed, its own growing forces of Guatemala can rules of order, its own system of rally in their movement toward the work. It is hoped that another Kingdom of God in their beautiful Presbytery will be erected imme- land. diately around the capitol, centering about five native ministers who NUGGETS FROM AN AMERICAN BOARD MEETING "Mohammedans are so proud of their religion that they forget their race; Christians so proud of race they forget religion."- Dr. Frank Laubach of the PhiUppine8.

"The finest things in Gandhi's character are those first preached by Jesus Christ."-Dr. E. Stanley Jone8 ()f India.

"The Christian Church today faces decay, due to inertia. It needs new life."-Mahatma Gandhi, quoted by Dr. JOlles.

"It's always easier to get money for stomachs than for brains; for famines than for faculties."-Miss I.sabelle MacCausland of Japan.

'rI-I1D LI'l'TLFl C H UIlC I-I ON W HFl ~; LS-~'O R OU1'DOOR EVANGE

A CITY CHURCH AND THE UNCHURCHED BY REV. A. Z. CONRAD, Boston, Massachusetts P as t or 0/ t h. e PaT!.; ti tree t Gongreguti01wl Ch rtr cli.

I NCREASING thousands never starts something. Even death step inside of a church. If they yields to LIFE. are ever to be saved from their How shall we go about it. Let sins some one must establish a con- me mention a few of the effective tact with them, to bring them into ways other than the ordinary contact with Christ. Until they church activities.

hear the Gospel there is no hope. First, there is the "Win One Worldly attactions multiply. Defi- More" method which enlists the nite opposition becomes aggressive. entire church membership in evan- Pronounced atheism is one of the gelistic work. No church can be- least of our h'oubles for the mass come a soul-winning church with- of humanity will not be turned out a soul-winning leader. The aside from some sort of a faith in first essential in r eaching the un- God by the blatant utterances of churched is to know they are lost atheists. until they are saved.

Our trouble is with the negative Every member of the church attitude of millions. They simply should be made to feel that the one do not care. Inertia is hard to great vocation of every saved man, overcome, but it can be overcome. woman and child is to save some A genuine Christian, in contact one else by a simple testimony and with apparently hopeless unbelief, a ppeal.

173

That is churchwide evangelism. In Boston some seven years ago It can be effectively worked. Not we built a church on wheels with every member of the church will all the features of a church build- undertake the task but many will. ing-with a steeple and church The opportunity to witness for windows, and with a radio receiv- Christ is far greater than people ing set so that notable evangelistic know until they try it. In store, preaching can be heard by the shop, factory, everywhere there is crowd. We put that little church a chance to tell the "Blessed on the chassis of an automobile, so Story." that it runs to different sections of The second method is STREET the city. It carries an organ, sing- EVANGELISM. Here is one of the ers freely give their services and most effective lines of Christian Christ is proclaimed from its plat- activity. It is most encouraging to form. It is called "The Little note the readiness with which peo- Church on Wheels." Ministers and ple will gather to hear a real live laymen, who are known as soul- witness for Jesus Christ tell the winners, tell the simple story of "Old, Old Story." In most cities Salvation from night to night. It permission can be secured to tell is supported by a group of evan- the glad tidings in the open air. gelical churches. Tracts are freely Not everyone is adapted to this distributed by the workers. No sort of work. It takes a special one can measure the results of this type of man, one who is clear work. Always people are saved.

headed, sympathetic and who The Park Street Church has also knows his Bible, to do street work organized Missions that are doing well. a wonderful work among the for- Here we can utilize the abilities eign born in Boston. Social service of laymen. When the heart is filled work for immigrants is good with Divine Love and the individ- enough of its kind but it is no sub- ual is dead in earnest, he can al- stitute for Christian evangelism.

ways gain a hearing. The street Settlement work does little good pulpit could be made to reach more compared with the heart appeal to people than the churches if laymen "COME TO JESUS." Soap and sun- and ministers realized the power shine are good but they never yet there is in the wonderful message changed a heart. The change of of God's love. Most people unsaved direction from down to up is not are not satisfied with themselves. wrought by a better parish house.

They know that something is Definite evangelistic mISSIOn wrong. Always there are those work does bring people to God.

sick of their own sinning. There The day of MISSIONS has not gone.

are others who suffer from be- The need is very great right now.

reavements and who want to know The "slum" has passed where the more about the futUre life. A mil- beneficent influence of prohibition lion people a year could be saved has been felt but there are still if street preaching were done by godless localities that breed all gifted speakers among the laymen sorts of iniquity. Definite mission of all the churches. We will have work in these centers will do a vast to take up this work or the slump deal of good that street preaching in religious interest will become alone can not do. It affords a ral- more and more acute. lying center for seekers after God.

A CITY CHURCH AND THE UNCHURCHED

Another means of reaching the self or herself and fall down in unchurched is the radio. Whatever contrition and confession with the may be the disadvantages. the fact cry "God be merciful to me a sinis hundreds of people, yes tens of ner." We have regularly broadthousands. have become interested cast our Sunday evening church in the salvation of their own souls service for five years, and letters through the message sent out on by the hundreds show that the the air. We have known many persons applying for church member- WORD of God has borne fruit. In any way and every way let us ship who had been converted by the radio proclamation of Redemp- go after the lost sheep. The masses tion. The church should be more do not go to church. If they are eager and alert to utilize this latest to be saved it will be because we method of reaching a large audi- go to them in love and lead them ence. A man or woman listening to the light as it is in Christ. We alone to the message of GRACE DI- must have greater faith in our VINE may come to grips with him- Lord's words "I. if I be lifted up will draw all men unto me."

PRACTICAL WORK FOR FOREIGNERS Lawrence, Massachusetts, has a very When children told their parents large foreign-speaking population, a that literature could be had in their large number of whom are anxious to own language, assistance was relearn English as quickly as possible. quired to distribute it wisely. Literature in their native tongues is largely of the character that prejudices Here is a great opportunity for efthem against American institutions, fectual service. It is an opportunity and against the Church of Christ, for direct personal contact with the which they think is a conspiracy to people who cannot understand English, promote capitalism. The better ele- but who are eager to read the mesment among these foreign immigrants sage in their tongue! seeks a higher grade of literature, but it is not always available. In the meantime, Mr. William A. Rich, a Christian salesman of the In 1922, the American Tract So- Nitrose Company, is continuing alone ciety and the Massachusetts Bible So- to pass the word of truth along, going ciety made generous grants of Gospel to clubrooms, coffee houses, the County literature in several languages. The jail, hospitals, city homes and elseresponse from some of the foreigners where, teaching children, speaking was such that the demand increased briefly to groups who have learned until now Gospel messages are dis- some English and distributing literatributed in eighteen tongues. ture to others.

Most of the children do not learn Several related activities have also to read their mother tongue, so that been li'ndertaken, such as taking men left-over Sunday-school literature is to Americanization classes, aiding used for them. A generous quantity them to procure accident compensahas come from five denominational tion, aiding in matters of health, churches in the city where the needy family and business problems. Mr. ones reside. These papers have been Rich gives his services freely, and rescued from furnace fires for a better those helped are saved many dollars purpose. in professional fees and are very ap- preciative of what is done for them.

OF PROGRESS IN

BY REV. WILLIAM ARNOT MATHER, Paotingfu, China T HE friends of China who to Russia, the one nation which hailed the Revolution of 1911 seemed to promise China fair play as the attainment of a true and treatment as an equal? He republic have had long and anxious died without realizing how this years of cumulative disillusion- new ally and advisor was using ment, when the losses loomed China as a pawn in her own game larger than the gains. Some of furthering world-wide revolu- thoughtful Chinese had even prac- tion. Already at the opening of tically given up hope for their 1927 Chiang Kai-shek began to de- country and were beginning to tect the secret designs of the Rus- wonder whether dismemberment sian advisers in the government among the Powers would be an un- and to take measures to thwart mixed evil. The events of the last them. But it took the Nanking two years especially have given the outrage of March, the raid on the pessimists still further grounds for Russian Embassy in April, and the discouragement. Yet these very Red Revolt in Canton in December, events, viewed in the perspective to convince the Nationalists as a of the whole revolutionary struggle whole that communism must be up to date, afford more ground for cast out.

hope than even the spectacular It was far easier for China to transformation of 1911-12. enlist the help of these treacherous The failures of China's patriots allies than it has been for her to hitherto cannot all be laid either to extricate herself from the conse- quences of their perfidy. Comtheir impracticable idealism or to munism is lurking in every part of their internal feuds. Much must China, and the burden of milibe charged to the perfidy of those tarism still makes millions groan. in whom they put their trust. Yet the improvement in less than First it was Yuan Shih-k'ai who two years is remarkable, to say the failed – the "strong man" who least. seemed necessary as president to bring the original revolution to Political Unity fruition. That astute politician Of the manifold progress being sacrificed every patriotic ideal to made, perhaps the most striking is further his own interests, and sad· in the political realm. Two years died the nation with a burden of ago only a few provinces in the militarism which has been its curse south and center of the country ever since. Again, the Allies failed, were controlled by the National- when, after China had given of her ists. Later most of the Yangtse man power and her influence to valley was added, and by June, further their cause, they at the 1928, practically the whole country Versailles Conference rebuffed the was united under the new National very aspirations which they had flag, with the exception of the encouraged. Is it great wonder province of Manchuria. On De- that Sun Yat-sen in despair turned cember 29th, last year, however, 176 the new flag was flying there also, meeting has now been postponed and while Chang Hsueh-liang, the until March 15th. It is looked foryoung governor, may be in a num- ward to with some apprehension, ber of matters more conservative because some of the more radical than the men in Nanking, and will elements in the party hope then to probably not follow their policy in obtain sufficient power to turn the everything, yet his union with the present moderate leaders out of central government appears to be office. Under the Central Execusincere. Japan twice ordered him tive Committee is the Supervisory not to join the Nationalists, but Council, the chairman of which is has had to submit to the inevitable. Chiang Kai-shek, who is ex officio Chinese emigrants from Shantung President of the Government of and other provinces are pouring China. Under this Council are the into Manchuria by the million five Yuan, or branches of governyearly, and Japan is losing the ment. Three of these correspond hope of making it another Korea. to those in the American govern- This all bodes well for the strength ment, Executive, Legislative and and unity of the country. Judicial. Two are adaptations of ancient Chinese practice, the Su- So far as appears on the surface, pervisory Yuan, for impeachment a remarkable unification of aim of unworthy officials, and the Exalso has been brought about during amination Yuan, for conducting the last two years. The commu- civil service examinations of all nists have been suppressed. The aspirants for public office. There militarists apparently have sub- are also ten ministers correspondmitted themselves to the civil au- ing to the cabinet officers in the thority. They are ceasing to com- United States, though with posmandeer railway rolling stock, and sibly more authority. The governhave promised to keep their hands ment frankly states that it is not off railway earnings. Military representative at present, though commanders are to have no juris- its ultimate aim is a thoroughly diction over the districts in which democratic one; but that this their troops are quartered, and the scheme has been devised for the army is to be reduced to 600,000 present "period of tutelage" until men. How far this has been al- illiteracy has been overcome and ready accomplished, it' is difficult the people have been taught the to say. But beginnings of dis- principles of representative govbandment have been reported for ernment. some time. Christians in the Cabinet Like Russia and Italy, China is now under one-party government, The leading men in this governthat of the Kuomintang, or Peo- ment are not only moderate in ple's Party. No other party is per- their political views, but are many mitted. The ultimate authority of of them returned students and exthis party is supposed to rest in ceptionally well qualified for the the National Assembly, a body work they have undertaken. Wang partly appointed by the Central Chung-huei, Chairman of the Ju- Executive Committee, and partly dicial Yuan, is the leading jurist in elected by local Kuomintang coun- the country, and T. V. Soong, Mincils. This body was scheduled to ister of Finance, is remarkably meet on January first, but the 2

well suited to his position. The cluded with the United States, Minister for Foreign Affairs, C. and eleven other nations, includ- T. Wang, though criticized by the ing Japan, which have ipso facto radical element in his own country, recognized the new government.

has made a remarkable record of Five of these nations, Belgium, diplomatic achievement in a short Italy, Denmark, Portugal, and time, and the Vice-chairman of the Spain have also agreed, under cer- Executive YUan and Minister for tain reasonable conditions, to Military Affairs, Feng Yti-hsiang, renounce extraterritoriality on though self-taught, has by the January 1, 1930. The more radical sheer force of his personality risen elements of the Kuomintang have to one of the highest positions in always insisted that such equality the government. What is more of status could be achieved by astonishing, these men and two China only through force and by other cabinet ministers, HsUeh Tu- unilateral denunciation of former pi and H. H. K'ung, the latter a treaties. But this record of treaties lineal descendent of Confucius, are already signed has proved that the all Christians, some of the second Powers have enough confidence in or third generation. Altogether, the stability and friendliness of in the government offices of Nan- the present government to yield without pressure what the radicals king, there are some three hundred believed could only be wrested by Christians, and a prayer meeting force. It is to be hoped that the for their beloved country and for United States and Great Britain wisdom in ruling it, is. held reg- will speedily follow suit in promularly. Marshall Feng has been ising to yield extraterritoriality, cruelly slandered and misrepre- so that the hands of the present sented by some foreign newspapers government may be thus strengthin China and has been much dis- ened against the radicals, and appointed in some of the Christian China may be assured that our chaplains which he got from mis- protestations of friendship are sion institutions for his army. genuine. This and his visit to Russia have undoubtedly cooled his "first love." Social Progress Yet not long ago, he and fifteen of Along the lines of social prog- his generals, spent two days in a ress the new government has had mission compound as guests of old little time to function as yet.

missionary friends there, showing Nevertheless, there has been ad- every mark of appreciation of vance. Contrary to the ideas of Christian love and sympathy. The many in the West, the custom of personal religious life of one who foot-binding continues in at least rises daily at five for Bible study the rural districts of the greater and prayer can hardly be consid- part of China. Against this prac- ered dead. tice the new government has or- International Relations ganized wide-spread propaganda and will undoutebdly bring other One of the most convincing pressure to bear. General Chang proofs of progress by the present Chih-chiang, Marshal Feng's for- government is in the field of in- mer chief of staff, a Christian of ternational relations. Treaties of unusual zeal and consecration, has tariff reciprocity have been con- been appointed chairman of the

SIGNS OF PROGRESS IN CHINA

Opium Suppression Bur e au, education has been going from bad though for some unexplained reas- to worse. The military chest must on, the Bureau very badly misman- always be kept full, and education- aged the Kiangan opium smuggling al grants were usually the first to case, and Chang Chih-chiang has suffer. Lack of funds hampers the tendered his resignation. It is to present government also, as the re- be hoped that what China almost duction of the military establish- accomplished many years ago may ment is hardly appreciable as yet.

be brought to full completion in the However, a system of mass edu- near future. Efforts are also be- cation promoted by James Yen, ing made in some quarters to limit Mrs. Hsiung Hsi-ling, and others, the consumption of liquor and to- has seized the imagination of the bacco, especially that of foreign country, and has been carried on importation, but it is too early to by volunteer teachers in number- prophesy about these plans. .less places. A phonetic script of According to Wang Chung-huei, forty letters, based upon Chinese the government's purpose is ulti- idiograms, has been quite widely mately to extend the franchise to used for a number of years, espe- every adult member of the popula- cially by Christians. But this is tion without regard to sex. A very now to be replaced by an alphabet recent judicial decision, which is of Roman letters devised by T'sai viewed as an important precedent, Yuan-p'ei, Chairman of the Super- has granted to the daughter of a visory Yuan, and others, which deceased millionaire a share equal will gain much greater currency if to that which her brother receives. it is properly pushed by the gov- Already women are taking office ernment. The great objective is to in the government. Among the reduce to negligible proportions members of the Legislative Yuan the illiteracy which handicaps are a Miss Cheng and the Presi- eighty per cent of the men and dent's wife, Mrs. Chiang, a gradu- boys and far more than ninety per ate of Wellesley and a Christian cent of the women and girls. The woman of rare charm. government has in contemplation For some time past Christian a complete system of compulsory organizations, notably the National education, with the necessary com- Christian Council, have been agi- plement of schools of higher grade.

tating for better conditions among Meanwhile the government real- the industrial population. As an izes the advantages of the Chris- answer to this, a new factory law tian educational institutions on the has been drafted and will probably ground. There is still a certain soon be put into effect. This pro- amount of agitation which would vides for reasonable conditions of seek to suppress them entirely as dismissal, the eight hour day, rest a denationalizing agency. The and recreation, a minimum wage present government, however, sees scale, distribution of profits, sani- their value, and only desires that tary and safety devices, and the they should register with the Min- humane treatment of apprentices. istry of Education. The educa- Education and Christianity tional authorities claim that the restrictions imposed by the latest During the internecine strife of rules for registration are not prej- the last few years, government udicial to the Christian character

and purpose of the schools, but are news to those who have not yet designed to preserve and standard- heard a whisper of it. ize the Chinese racial type and ideals. If this claim proves to be The last two years have witwell founded, there is no reason nessed the first actual functioning why Christian schools may not be of the Church of Christ in China. continued under the present re- Complete church union is still far gime. from being realized in China, though mission comity is so gen- Of the progress of the Christian erally observed that comparative- Church in China during the last ly few Chinese Christians are troubled by denominational rivaltwo years there can be no doubt. ry. But this is the first construc- To be sure, there has been whole- tive effort on a large scale to sale destruction of property by realize the ideal which almost all Christians cherish. soldiers, and for much of this the mission boards are asking no in- There is a great striving on the part of Chinese Christians to make demnity. But in some cases this the Church indigenous. Architecmay prove a blessing in disguise, ture, music, liturgies, and creeds imported from the West, many freeing the Church from the look askance upon. This is all to domination of material problems. the good. The Church of Christ There has also been serious per- must find itself. Its roots must secution of Christians, especially strike deep into the religious conwhere Communists were in power. sciousness of the nation and adapt Several have even laid down their itself to their peculiar needs. lives for their faith. But un- China's religious heritage is of doubtedly this has purged the great value in interpreting to the Church of many unworthy mem- people in language they can underbers, and those who have proved stand their deepest religious longsteadfast have been strengthened ings and the unsearchable riches in purpose and have been led to put of Christ that alone are adequate their faith less in human agency to satisfy them. Light is still to and more in the unfailing re- break forth from God's Word in sources of the living God. Indeed, Chinese hearts and to be mediated places where the Church was by them to the Church Universal. sorely tested have even reported Missionaries are sympathetic with revivals and many accessions to such aspirations and are glad to their membership. second every effort of Chinese Christian leaders to make the Great numbers of missionaries Church more truly express their had to be evacuated. But this own genius. But of course this threw new responsibility upon the movement needs wise guidance, Chinese Christians, who have for syncretism will never build an taken up the new burdens with indigenous church, as is attested heroism, and have thus had the by the fate of the Nestorians, who most practical possible training in compromised with Buddhism. The Christian leadership. The mission- greatest hope of the indigenous aries are now returning in great church is perhaps to be found numbers, and rejoice to assist where it is least heralded and least these tested colleagues in their Christian enterprise, or else to go to regions beyond to tell the good

self-conscious, and that is in the their worship without supplying small groups springing up spon- anything better in their place. But taneously in the country, when it affords a wonderful opportuhumble Christians, exulting in the nity to turn their thoughts to Him new faith they have found in who must be worshiped in spirit longer established centers, return and in truth.. And everywhere the to their homes, gather about them people are open to the Christian neighbors and kinsmen, and volun- message as never before. The antitarily assume the leadership of the religionists are vocal in the larger group, expecting no salary and centers. But in the rural districts, asking no financial help for their where eighty-five per cent of the simple needs. Such a movement is .people live, homes are thrown open already going on, with the cordial to the messengers in villages never cooperation of missionaries, and is reached before, the villagers turn also looked upon as one of the most out night after night to hear, fruitful and promising methods of hearts are touched, lives are winning the remoter and less evan- changed, and new outposts are gelized portions of the country. won.

The Government and Religion When we realize that all this progress is affecting one-fourth of The new government is taking the whole human family, we cana hand in religious matters, evi- not but be glad for the opening dently with a view to making vistas beyond of international coprogress in the sloughing off of operation and mutual service. But superstition. A recent proclama- most of all can Christians rejoice tion reads something like this: in the new liberty and opportunity "Ancestral temples, if the ances- which this peace and progress is tral worship tends to preserve the bringing to the growing church in upright racial characteristics of the people, temples belonging to China, and for the leavening inestablished religions (the worship fluence which the Church, in turn, of exemplary figures in history, will increasingly exert in every religion with a moral creed and phase of national progress. It cerclean history)-these may stand. tainly means much to the new But idol-worship and immorality government that so many men of must go." When the idols in the Christian character have been temple of the god of the wall and available to take positions of remoat of Paotingfu' were recently sponsibility. This is a direct con- smashed, some wept, others cursed, tribution of missions. Especially while one old priest carried away can we hope much from the de- for kindling wood pieces of the voted Christian womanhood of very idols which he had served so China as it accepts the challenge long. It is a questionable policy, of the new freedom which Chris- thus to take away the objects of tian progress is bringing.

A praying church at home means a conquering church abroad. Nothing so much encourages the missionary as the knowledge that those at home are bearing him up on the wings of their prayers. James Gilmour said, "Unprayed for, I feel like a diver at the bottom of the river with no air to breathe; or like the fireman with an empty hose in a burning building."

"Prayer and the New Life," by W. F. Richardson.

HOME MISSION TASK

BY REV. JAY S. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa.

STRICTLY speaking, the task stitution. The home mission en- of nationally organized home terprise stands ready to step aside missions is not to Christianize in any given community as soon as America. To be sure, America the church in that community is sorely needs to he Christianized, able to get along without home but that is the task of the Chris- missionary help. Ideally it is the tian Church. The organized home business of nationally organized mISSIOn enterprise is not the home missions to work itself out Church nor is it the sum total of of a job just as soon as possible.

the activities of all the churches. As a practical matter of fact, how- The essential job of nationally or- ever, the responsibility of nation- ganized home missions is to help ally organized home missions is, make the Church, with a well- in spite of the enormous achieve- rounded program of worship, evan- ments of the past, far greater to- gelism, religious education and day than when the enterprise was community ministry, available in launched somewhat more than a communities where, without this century ago. help, such a church with such a This fundamental conception, program would not exist. What- that the home mission enterprise ever else home missions may ac- is built about the church as a com- complish, if it fails here it fails in- munity institution and that it deed. will succeed or fail in proportion The program of home missions as it succeeds or fails in carrying is concerned primarily with the out this fundamental purpose of Church as a community institu- making adequate churches with tion; with the organization of adequate programs available in all churches in communities where communities, does not mean that they do not exist; with the pro- home mission agencies shall never viding of adequate and trained engage in any sort of work other leadership in communities which than that directly related to local for one reason or another are not church programs. It does mean, able to provide such facilities and however, that the primary and de- such leadership for themselves; termining program of horne mis- and with the increasing of the ef- sions has to do with local churches ficiency of churches with programs in particular communities and now inadequate to meet the needs with the establishment of such in- of their respective communities. stitutions on a self-sustaining basis The home mission enterprise is as soon as feasible. It is the bu<:;ibuilt upon the basic assumption of ness of horne missions to mini~ter the worthwhileness of the ministry religiously to certain types of comof Christian churches in local com- munities until such a time as the munities, just as our public edu- task can he turned over to local cational systems are built upon the leadership and be maintained from conviction of the worthwhileness local resources.

of the school as a community in- The conducting of schools and 182 colleges and the maintaining of of such education indicates clearly eleemosynary institutions, which that only under very exceptional under certain special conditions conditions should home mission may have seemed or may still seem funds be used to maintain schools to be desirable adjuncts of the and colleges. Higher education home mission enterprise, is not even among exceptional groups fundamental to the task of home should not be primarily or perma- missions. In general, even among nently a home missionary task. To what we have sometimes called our divert home mission funds into under-privileged groups, we must such channels is to run the risk of and should depend upon state sup- failure in the one task which is ported schools for the furnishing essentially the home mission task, of both elementary and advanced and for which no other agency is education to all groups under the responsible, namely, the providing United States flag. Both from the of religious ministry for local com- standpoint of expense and of pub- munities.

lic policy, home missionary agen- Nor is the hospitalization of cies cannot, except under very un- America a home mission task. Hos- usual conditions, afford to compete pitals are greatly to be desired, but with or to duplicate the program they must be made available by of the public schools. Allowing for agencies other than those of na- exceptions to the rule and recog- tionally organized home mission nizing the important part played bodies. The home mission task by home mission schools in raising committed to the home mission up leaders, we must still face the boards of America can never be fact that the maintaining of home accomplished by the multiplication missionary schools is and should of hospitals.

be a decreasing factor in home The Community Approach mISSIOns. We must also face the limitations and the social dangers The approach of home missions of maintaining such enterprises on is essentially the community ap- a racial basis in communities proach, and the interest of home where public school segregation no missions is prim!lTily t~1::"t of the longer exists or never has existed. Christian Church.

The enormous advance in public The home mission enterprise is !:'chool procedure and support dur- interested in the following three ing recent decades adds additional types of communities: weight to the statement above 1. Communities which, for one made. When we consider higher reason or another, are unab!e to education the practical question of provide a religious ministry with- support again arises. Higher edu- out aid from outside of the com- cation is so expensive that most munity. Such communities include mission boards have never in their sparsely settled rural communities entire history received as much and communities suffering from money as is represented by the special economic handicaps.

building and endowment invest- 2. Communities which may not ment of certain individual univer- be suffering from economic handi- sities now open to representatives caps or from sparse population, of any class or racial group. Were but in which, because of the indif- there no other reason, the expense ference on the part of adults, re-

ligious work will not be maintained line with the essential missionary without aid from outside of the task of extending a well-rounded community. Polyglot sections in church ministry to groups not now many of our great cities are typi- reached by such ministry. cal, also Mormon communities and some industrial centers. In these The home mission enterprise sections religious work may yield must depend upon denominational large returns, particularly in the legislative bodies to speak in matlives of the growing boys and girls, ters of theology, creeds, ecclesiaswhile, at the same time, it is im- tical organizations and even upon possible to arouse enough interest such questions as international among the adult population to de- peace, inter-racial relations, temvelop a self-supporting work. perance and similar matters ….. . 3. In communities w her e In the field of church efficiency, churches now exist, and possibly maintain themselves without out- as that is related to the ways of side help, but where the church doing things, such as the best way program is entirely inadequate to to make a local parish survey, the meet the religious needs of the best way to conduct a financial various grou'ps to be found in the program, the best way to build a church, the best way to conduct a communities in question. program of evangelism and in sim- To put the matter another way, ilar fields, our boards of home mis- sions can assume to speak with home mission agencies have two some authority, not the authority main tasks: to help maintain re- of autocrats, but the authority of ligious work in communities where trusted servants who by virtue of such subsidy is necessary, and to long experience and broad and increase the efficiency of churches in all types of communities where varied contacts know more about churches are failing to meet the the job as a whole than anyone religious needs of their communi- else. ties with a reasonably adequate program of religious ministry. The organization of the various departments in our home mission It is a home missionary task to boards during the past generation enter an 'Indian Reservation and and the employment of experts in establish a church for three hun- various fields of local church endred Indians otherwise neglected, deavor have been a recognition of but it is equally a home missionary this very important function of task to persuade an organized self- home mission boards, and there is supporting church to include in its reason to believe that, as the work ministry three hundred persons of of home missions progresses, this foreign birth residing in that com- phase of the enterprise will assume munity, but previously neglected relatively greater importance. by the Church, and to show that Church how to do the new job. In If it is a missionary task to raise the one case the actual expenditure and expend a million dollars in of home mission funds in a local home missionary work from a cencommunity may be involved, while tral budget, it is also a missionary in the other case no such direct ex- task to employ a skilled workman penditure may be necessary, but in who will assist local communities to raise from their own resources each instance the procedure is in a similar amount of money for ex- penditure in a similar type of

THE HOME MISSION TASK TODAY

work. As a matter of fact we have tension, taken in its broadest already in the employ of home mi§.- meaning, and of local church effision agencies single individuals ciency, the home mission boards of whose work has resulted in the America have a task sufficient to raising of millions of dollars for challenge the imagination, capalocal enterprises which would bilities and resources of the folotherwise not have been raised. lowers of Jesus Christ. This money did not pass through a central treasury, but it accom- One might hope for a time when plished home mission ends. all communities in America would be able and wi11ing to support their One aim of home mission boards own church enterprises. At presshould be to secure as large and as ent such a situation seems far in speedy local support for all home the distance, but it is doubtful missionary enterprises as possible. whether the time will ever come There is nothing to be gained by when the Protestant churches can supporting an enterprise from a wisely do away with some national national treasury, if by some ex- agencies, corresponding to the pert guidance the local enterprise can be so organized as to become home mission boards as at present .self-supporting. In the past, local organized, to act as clearing houses communities have been left too for the best methods of work in much to their own devices with the local parishes, to blaze new trails consequent result that local re- of service, to hold up ideals of sources have frequently not been parish survey, organization and adequately developed. The develop- program and to stimulate local ment of these local resources both workers to more effective enin terms of money and leadership deavor. is a distinctly missionary function which in many cases home mission At the risk of pointing out the boards are already equipped to obvious we may call attention to perform, and at which they are in the fact that the interpretation of a limited way already at work. home missions in terms of church This is surely a field where home and community as already sugmh,3ionary effort can and should gested will help to relieve the home be greatly expanded. missionary enterprise of the long- standing and increasingly un- And what applies to this field of fortunate obsession that home finance applies also to the many missions is a matter of one particother phases of local church effi- ularly fortunate race doing someciency. The promotion of evangel- thing for a group of other less ism, of larger parish organizations, fortunate races, or of people born of better building programs, of in some favored spot ministering city and rural missionary societies, to others who have chanced to be of community service, worship and born at other places. religious education programs, of a seven-day-a-week ministry to boys Many studies show that this traand girls and young men and wom- ditional conception is contrary to en, and similar activities, has been, the facts in the case, and, were is, and should be even more the that not true, the time has arrived task of home mission boards. when to continue to think in such terms will serve only to defeat us In the two fields of church ex- in the accomplishment of the very ends toward which we strive.

TWO RHODESIA" BOYS OF' THE AF'I(!(,.: BUSH SCHOOL

YOUTH OF

BY MAX YERGAN, M.A., Alice, Cape Province, South Africa aeneral Secretary of the South African Work of the International Y. M. C. A.

SEVENTY-ONE years ago Da- eyes and look on the fields, for they vid Livingstone thrilled and are white already to harvest." In challenged Great Britain and a very real sense this was true of America with his recital of what Africa in Livingstone's time; it he had seen and felt in the Africa is more true today. In the same of his day. His story was a re- sense in this brief article I too beg strained but convincing description to direct your attention to the of the horrors of the slave trade. youth of Africa. With an understanding that knew Any consideration of African that attention directed to the re- youth of today and tomorrow must be made in the light of tremendous moval of this curse from the land forces which have served to shape their life and that today are casting would be bound to give itself to the mold into which that life must other needs of the people of Africa more or less fit. he pursued his great ideal, t~ healing of "the open sore." On through his journeys and work in In the first place there is that Africa and his addresses in Britain vast background of indiginous down to his lonely death in Chitam- African life. We do not know a bo's village he made his magnifi- great deal about it but it had with- cent appeal to the conscience of in it forces which fitted African the Western WorId. youth more or less for the life- That appeal, spread though it experiences they would have. The was over years of loneliness and duties of manhood, the responsi- ceaseless travel, and written lit- bilities of life within the tribe, erally in the blood of the man who methods of the hunt, or raising cat- made it, may nevertheless be ex- tIe and to a degree of agriculture, pressed in Livingstone's now clas- methods of house 'and home buildsic sentence: "I beg to direct your ing-all these were a part of the attention to Africa." In these training of African youth of the eight words there is the epitome past. of a volume. They may be said to Then there was another body of' represent the anguished cry of mil- training, tradition and experience Hons of this continent who have which dealt with the less tangible suffered in the past or are today but nevertheless just as real things in sore need. They are in a large of life. I refer to the customs, measure the hope of those who la- taboos, and that mysterious realm bor in Africa today, who are ap- of the spirit world wherein are pealing to and waiting upon the found belieffl and practices many force of an enlightened public of which. when unden'ltood, comol)inion both within and without mand l'eflpect becaufle they are well the continent. reasoned and are a part of the The words of David Livingstone metaphysical speculation as well must have been inspired by that as the natural religious gifts of all utterance of Jesus: "Lift up your peoples. The Greeks, the Romans 167

and the Egyptians, no less than traditions, at least suggests anpeople of today were all character- other. ized by such mystical beliefs and practices. How could it be other- The inevitable consequence of a wise when we face such mysterious clash within the rules or laws of forces as life and death? social or religious thinking and acting is at least a temporary pe- Without doubt there were in riod of social and religious weakthose past ages, and there are oc- ness. That, one maintains, is in a casionally in our own day in the large measure the position of Afmore primitive and remote sections rican youth today. The plain fact, of Africa, (I will not refer to sec- as we shall presently see, is that tions of the civilized world), or- while there is much in Africa's deals and horrors of a revolting own past that is good and infinitely nature. Ignorance has been and is worth retaining, indeed must be responsible for so much shame and retained, it has been tuned to a suffering t hat one is always life which exists on a basis that tempted to make a plea for light is different and is increasingly difand more light; as a matter of fering from the basis of that life fact that is the object of this pa- which Africans of today and toper. "The light that lighteth every morrow must live. Even if Africa man's life,"-that is what is had had fewer contacts with the wanted for this youth of Africa. outside world there would contin- ually exist the utmost necessity of It is not necessary to point out purifying and improving her own that much of the assets of Africa's indiginous heritage. No thoughtheritage was and is based on a life ful African may say that pristine in which, and as a result of which, Africa could or can afford to be those assets came into being. It without the benefits of knowledge becomes manifest therefore that or religious growth. On her own the African youth we view today account therefore, and certainly as comes into life endowed with a her- a result of the operation of outside itage of mixed content and much forces the present day youth of of it based on an experience of the Africa find themselves not only in past which is deereasingly becom- need of the good that the past and ing the order of today. If his past present hold for them, but at the says to him walk, his present de- same time in need of deliverance mands that he run; if yesterday from the undesirable aspects both limited his thoughts to his tribe, of their own indiginous heritage today opens up a vision of race, and of their present more or less nation and world; whereas the extraneously constructed environthought processes of yesterday ment. We must now refer to this were largely controlled by tradition extraneous force. and much of that untested, today a large part of African youth is The effect of outside, particularfaced with a new set of rules of ly western forces, upon African life, a new body of knowledge much life has been rapid, far reaching, of which has to his intellectual sat- and of mixed good and evil results. isfaction been tried and proved. Half a century ago with the ex- The consequence is confusion. The ception of her coastal regions, and head leads in one direction, the a considerable section at the southheart, that is to say much of his ern end of the continent, Africa

AFRICAN YOUTH OF TOMORROW

COMING AFRICANS AT THE Y. M. C. A. CONFERENCE OF CHRISTIAN YOUTH

proper was virtually unknown. pect of the Africa which we must With the penetration of the inte- know and face today if we would rior came knowledge of the vast understand and cooperate with her deposits and other unknown pos- sons and daughters. sibilities of wealth. The eyes and the hands of the western world As regards the effect of this were then turned toward and upon western penetration and control, it the continent. Then followed the is a matter for profound thankful- European scramble for political ness that it did not take place at control of Africa and the subse- an earlier date preceding the outquent exploitation of her posses- burst of the evangelistic, missionsions. This control has now been ary and humanitarian spirit of obtained and the exploitation is Europe and America. Had this under way. If we make a possible been the case, there might have exception along the Mediterranean been enacted in Africa scenes and also except Liberia and Abys- which for wanton cruelty and utsinia the almost startling fact we ter disregard of human values face is that the whole of this vast would have paralleled or exceeded continent has fallen under the po- the terrible deeds of those who vislitical control of five European ited such hardships and cruelty powers and under the economic upon the original inhabitants of control of Europe, America and South America and the islands of Asia. The result in part has been the New World. One says this not- "an upheaval, a riving, a shatter- withstanding the history of cruelty ing, a transformation, a metamor- in the early days of European conphosis, the breakup of an eon, the tact with the Congo and other reshaping of a continent-say it isolated instances of extreme achow you will, and think of it all tion on the part of Europeans. As as happening with almost cataclys- a matter of fact it was that humic suddenness." manitarianism referred to that called a halt to the "Belgian atro- This fact of the more or less cities" and it has all along been a complete taking over of Africa and healthy morality in Europe and to some extent of Africans, is the America which has refused to certain observation of every seri- countenance by their silence more ous student of African affairs. It flagrant violations of human rights is a large portion of the thesis of and justice in Africa. Professor Buell's "The Native Problem in Africa," Mr. E. W. But while we accept the above Smith's, "The Golden Stool," as well as his "The Christian Mission view as regards the moral control in Africa," and of Professor Wil- of Western penetration into Afriloughby's "Race Problems in the ca, we must not lose sight of a New Africa." Even in books in- great fact to which Mr. J. H. Oldtended for mission study such as ham in his "Christianity and the "Thinking With Africa" by the Race Problem," very properly calls Missionary Education Movement our attention. After pointing out of America, "The New Africa" by Donald Fraser and "Africa in the what he terms the "shrinkage of Making" by H. D. Hooper empha- the world" where distance and time sis is necessarily given to this as- have by scientific invention been greatly minimized thus making for increased human contacts and a

AFRICAN YOUTH OF TOMORROW

larger measure of common life, Mr. higher demands of human nature. Yet it cannot be evaded. Oldham writes as follows: Thus we behold the youth of a In striking contrast to this shrink- numerous race in an almost hisage of the world through the improve- torically unprecedented position. ment of means of communication is the It is compelled to do battle on two lack of any corresponding achievement fronts at the same time, a feat in bringing about moral and !!piritual from every angle possessed of inunity. While physically the peoples herent strategic weakness. On one of the world have been brought closer side African youth is confronted together psychologically they are in with the task of carrying, improvdanger of drifting further apart. New ing or discarding the impedimenta causes of antagonism have emerged. Attempts are being made to set up SCENE IN THE BANTU Y. M. C. A. AT JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AF'RICA impassable barriers. Closer proximity of their natural heritage; this is and greater economic dependence on admittedly a task which the youth one another do not make it any easier of whatever race must face, and for the peoples of the world to live Africans constitute no exception, relatively speaking, to the general together in mutual understanding and rule of enthusiastic approach to it. harmonious cooperation. Having by All of this on one side of the shield; its enterprise, inventions and eager on the other is to be seen the difpursuit of wealth succeeded in making ficulty created by the fact that the world into a single whole, man- Africans must carry their normal burden and at the same time make kind is now confronted with the more extraordinary adjustments which difficult task of establishing a moral almost inexorable circumstances unity. This is a greater and more exacting task than that which has already been accomplished; it makes

demand of them. These circum- ed by a more lofty ideal of life.

stances are the essence of the effect A third answer will be of more of those outside forces which are interest and satisfaction to readers described above, of good and bad of this REVIEW. It is an answer content. Such is the condition of given by thousands of Europeans African youth today; what, in the in Africa; it is fully shared by face of this complicated situation almost every thoughtful African; can be said of that youth of to- it is nothing, if it is not a force in morrow? This is the question to the idealistic thinking of people which we must now give consid- wherever they dwell. It is at once eration. our answer, our inspiration and our Various answers could be given plan or chart of action. Weare to the question proposed. In fact happy to try to set forth this an- the answers have been given and swer here for it is to the point of are everyday being given. In the view of this REVIEW and doubtless first place, there are those who of most of its readers. That an- frankly say or if they do not say swer is contained in another and it certainly indicate by their ac- greater question: What is God's tions their belief that the African will for the youth of Africa?

of tomorrow shall be at best a con- Now this is not evading the is- venience to the personal represent- sue nor is it a resort to an easy atives of those outside forces which way out by the utterance of what have invaded the continent. One some may call mere pious plati- doubts very much if this view real- tudes. Indeed God's will for Africa ly represents a preponderantly is the most difficult solution that controlling part in the opinions we could set ourselves to discover even of these personal representa- and realize for it is as true today tives; indeed there is much evi- as it was when it was said of Him dence to the contrary. But this "My ways are not thy ways nor opinion is strong; it works and My thoughts thy thoughts."

manifests itself in a. most subtle The responsibility of bringing in manner. Good, well intentioned the Kingdom of God in Africa so people of non-African races find far as human instrumentality is themselves driven at tim€s by re- concerned rests certainly with the lentless circumstances to subscribe three following groups: The na- to it. tives of Africa, the Europeans in Secondly, there are those who go Africa and Christian people else- somewhat farther than the opinion where, especially in Europe and just described and hold that the America. We may get our picture African has rights and that he of African youth of tomorrow from should really be permitted to de- a consideration of these three cen- velop according to his rights, that ters of responsibility, for nothing is, so long as such development does else is quite so important for our not interfere with those more im- immediate purpose.

portant and sacred rights of these The youth of Africa has been sub- ,particular non-Africans. This is ject to the same influences which also a fairly representative answer have moved among youth the world to our question and it is of impor- around. How could it be otherwise tance because it is a good basis for when we remember that the war moving on to an attitude support- and all that it disclosed and re-

AFRICAN YOUTH OF TOMORROW

leased affected Africa in the same that the desires, demands, and ef- way and to the same relative de- forts of African youth, with few gree as was the case elsewhere? exceptions, will be put forth in the It is natural therefore to expect spirit of Him in whose name Life a strong spirit of nationalism or is promised and sought.

racialism; and this we do find. Oc- Europeans in Africa are if any- casionally this spirit expresses it- thing more responsible for that de- self in anti-European utterances sirable tomorrow of 1frican youth and action; but this is decidedly than the latter themselves. What the exception. As I pointed out in we have said about the inexorably the chapter I wrote for "Thinking overwhelming nature of European With Africa," One does not believe control of Africa is fair proof of that the explanation of this unrest this statement. Wise leaders is an anti-government, or anti- among Europeans in Africa are European spirit; it is rather an realizing that the destiny of both evidence of a more positive desire; white and black is inseparably we Christians call it the "Good along the same road and are cour- Life." Jesus not only gave it a ageously advocating a program of name, but declared that His mis- real cooperation; it may be coop- sion was to make it possible for eration with discipline and the nec- people to have this good full life essary junior and senior partner- and have it in abundance. ship status, so long as required, Therefore when African youth but nevertheless real cooperation.

desire, demand and struggle for This will make clear to the African the right of respect for and devel- the encouraging fact that he has opment of their own personality, a future in his own land. In a few when they ask that a stigma of instances, particularly in sections inferiority be removed from them, of West Africa and to a great de- when they demand and strive for gree in the Transkeian section of adequate educational facilities, and South Africa wise and far sighted when they express their strong dis- government policy has committed satisfaction with political and so- itself to principles of progressive cial arrangements under which cooperation whereby Africans will they live-in other words, when play an increasing part in the en- they declare that they have not that tire life of the community.

which through Christ we know to It must also be remembered that be the will of God for them, they there are Christian forces at work are but giving impression to that among Europeans who dwell in witness which every quality of Africa. To the knowledge of the manhood, every desire to live and writer these forces have both in grow and all that we know of God's South Africa and East Africa will for man demand that they borne excellent and at times fruit- bear. ful witness to their conviction of And last but certainly not least, God's will for Africans, even where the African's sense of proportion, the immediate interest of the Afri- his cooperative spirit, his proven can and European appeared to be patience and sorely tried tolerance, in conflict. As a matter of fact, if and his real belief in God, more it were not common knowledge to real when he knows Him through the readers of this REVIEW, one Christ, are sufficient guarantees would have taken much more space 3

and time to show how Christianity moral and spiritual forces being as an outside force which has come far behind the physical and eco- into Africa by way of the Western nomic is still preeminently true in world has, with exceptions of this continent. Ignorance, back- course, been a fairly consistent pro- wardness and social weakness claimer of the good life of Christ's among Africans, and ignorance, gospel for Africans and how mis- selfishness and injustice among sionaries have usually identified Europeans all enmeshed in the themselves with the promotion of toils of blind material forces still the African's interests. It is not cry out for that light, that guid- without basis that the African has ance and those qualities which one placed all white people in two believes can be given by a fuller groups-"Missionaries and other following of Jesus of Nazareth and whites." One could refer most fav- the implications of His teachings ourably to the work not only of about life.

missionaries but of those churches This leads up to our final con- serving Europeans exclusively in sideration: The responsibility South Africa, for instance, and pay resting upon Christians in Europe, them the tribute due them for their America and elsewhere for making steady growth towards truer Chris- available for the future of Africa thin expression and action. the sure gospel of Christ and there- The Christian Student Move- by sharing in realizing the will of ment in South Africa is again one God for the full life of Africans.

of the most hopeful factors for the This is the inexorable challenge of development of a truly Christian Africa to the Western world. At- life for the African as well as the tention must be directed to this European youth of tomorrow and continent not only because of her for the promotion of Christian at- ills on her own account but because titudes and practices in the sphere of those which have been imposed of future interracial relationship. from without. Africa has become Recent action within this move- a part of the life of the world; ment whereby an interracial stu- Europe and America draw upon dent conference has been held, and her material commodities without non-European speakers brought stint; she is now part of the family before large audience of European and therefore in the truest meaning students, are indications of the pos- of God's Fatherhood and our sibility of a future based on knowl- Brotherhood must share in what- edge and Christian principles, than ever is worth while in the family.

which no more solid foundation can One of the first things Christian be laid for the building of a per- people outside Africa can do is to manent and desirable future for know something about conditions African youth. But having pointed in the continent. Much has been out the above, this consideration written and volumes are being pro- of the part to be played by Euro- duced in increasing annual quanti- peans in the future of African ties. Reference has been made in youth must be closed by calling at- this article to half a dozen books tention to the fact that there is not which will at once open up to the yet a Christian Africa in which reader the amazing story of life, God's will is to be realized. Mr. development and conditions in Af- Oldham's observation about the rica of half a century's duration.

AFRICAN YOUTH OF TOMORROW

One is quite sure that the head- whereby the church, the state and quarters of various denominational private philanthropy are united in mission Boards will lend them- one great forward program of full, selves to the truly missionary task well-founded education, the cure of helping people to know the facts and prevention of disease, and the as they are to be had from books. raising of the whole social vision and practice of the people. This Secondly, Christians may add can be done because there are intheir strength to the growing mor- stances where it has been done. If al opinion of the Western world Christ is concerned with the bringtoday as regards the latter's atti- ing in of a full life, He certainly tude and practice towards the large means for us to make use of all social, economic and political ques- the available forces of life for that tions which have arisen because of purpose. If a beginning were to the penetration of Western forces be made for properly serving Afinto Africa and the well-nigh total rica with medical and agricultural westernization of these aspects of facilities, assuming of course the Africa's life. foundations for this service, one believes that the tomorrow of Af- In the third place, Western rican youth would be infinitely Christians can continue to join brighter than it now appears. with Christian forces within Africa in the direct task of evan- Fortunately much has happened gelization, education, and social of late to quicken interest in the improvement. I used the word world mission of the Christian "continue" because I am aware of Church. The conditions, the meththe invaluable contribution which ods of procedure, and most of all has already been made in this way a knowledge of the controlling powto Africa's life. If the missionary er, spirit and motive of the misenterprise has done much in the sionary enterprise in Africa may past I am convinced that it is called be obtained from the reports of the upon to do infinitely more in the recent missionary gathering at future. Right now, I know of no Jerusalem,l and that at Le Zoute,S single force that is accomplishing Belgium in 1926. If a tithe of the so much for good as the individual hope, prayer, and work of these witness for Christ which is being gatherings may be realized for Afborne by a few missionaries not rica, then we need have no fear so much in words as by their atti- about the future of Africa and her tudes and practices towards and youth. work among and with Africans. The opportunity is still with us and 1. "The Vorld lIission of Christianity" confor a very long time will be for this taining the messages and recommendations of sort of missionary activity. the Enlarged ~Ieeting of the International Mis· sionary ConJl('il held at Jerusalem March 24th As regards Education and So- to April 8, 1928. cial Service one has in mind that larger conception of missions 2. "The Christian Mission in Africa." A Study based on the Procef'dlngs of the Int.er- national Conference at Le Zoute, Belgium, Sep- temher 14 to 21. 1926. By Edwin W. Smith.

When the dust of business so fills your room that it threatens to choke you, sprinkle it with the water of prayer, and then you can cleanse it out with comfort and expedition. J. S.

JERUSALEM-IN

BY HABIB SUBHAEYAH, Hams, Syria I N GENERAL the Jerusalem causes, the purposes of the great Missionary Conference had a conference, and the subjects that bad effect on the non-Christian were discussed. The same expla- community throughout S y ria, nations were given by the author mainly due to a misunderstanding in meetings of native Christians.

of its purpose. Fears and suspi- It has been said that it is now cions propagated by magazines and the time of sowing, not the time of newspapers were caused, as I was reaping, but there is reason to be- told by some religious leaders, by lieve that the reaping will be great two main facts: and that the spiritual results will 1. That the conference limited be so large that thousands will itself to Protestants. have greater faith and the name 2. That it did not admit into its of God will be glorified.

sessions Moslem theologians from Although I have attended many any part of the Moslem World. spiritual meetings with different The presence of such Moslem mem- purposes, I have never been as bers, it was asserted, would have much affected as by this confer- prevented the severe criticism of ence. Its spirit, its discussions, its the Press, the indignation and Christian teachings and deeds, the organized demonstrations of the number of its members, the char- public. Newspaper writers were acter of its president with his specially aroused by the fact that affective words inspired by the they were not admitted to the spirit of God. All were striking meetings. and effective. Even if I should The efforts to make it clear that live to the age of Jared (962 years) the conference entertained no en- or even to that of Methusalah (969 mity toward Moslems, and that it years) that impression could never aimed at a better service to the pass away from my memory.

world through the church, were Precious Memories not of much avail, although some learned leaders did take the Here are some of the memories writer's articles and friendly chats I still bear in mind: to heart. 1. The walk with the members As to the effect on Syrian Chris- of the conference from Bethany to tians it gives one pleasure to speak. the Mount of Olives on Palm Sun- In the presence of Dr. and Mrs. day, which brought to mind the Speer, two American active mem- passion that made Christ weep bers of the great conference, a over the people of that city which general meeting for the Syrian had the best chance to be saved workers was held in Beirut. An- by Him, and which preferred ig- other meeting was held for all the norance to knowledge, bad to good, American missionaries in Syria at the world to the Saviour of the the same time, and Dr. Speer with world, perdition to salvation, dark- the cooperation of Rev. James ness to light and unbelief to belief.

Nicol, undertook to explain the There are many today who, from 196 sheer ignorance, by refusing to ac- Jesus bearing His cross for us all. cept Jesus as his Saviour make 4. Lastly is the memory revived him again weep fOJ; us. by our entrance to the tomb where 2. The two hours spent in the lay the body of Christ after having garden where Jesus separated died for the love of us. from His disciples, choosing three of them, from whom he also sep- The main points that impressed arated to pray. The readings to- the congregation by the conference gether with the private and public may be summed up in the followprayers, under the leadership of ing: Rt. Rev. Rennie Macinnes, D.D., Bishop of Jerusalem, while we sat 1. That Christ is God, the Creadown on the ground amongst the tor of heaven and earth. stones and shrubs, thrilled our hearts with the spiritual sense of 2. That God was incarnated in communion with Christ. a perfect human being.

3. The memory revived by tak- 3. That Christ did die and did ing the way in which Jesus walked rise and that by His death we are as a criminal to be judged was saved. brought home to us still more vividly by the little shop across the 4. That Christ is ever living and way where stands the statue of is forever the most holy God, worthy of all worship and rever- ence by all angels and saints in heaven and by all the creatures on earth for ever and ever, Amen.

WORK FOR SOLDIERS IN CHILE BY WILLIAM M. STRONG, Concepcion, Chile The following is an interesting Wernet him riding along the letter recently received from Mr. Wm. road, and recognized him by his Mbu.sinSetrsosngm, ana Nwehwo wYeonrkt tCohrSisotuiathn dress, so we decided to settle the America, at his own expense, and founded "The Soldiers' Gospel Mis- matter immediately, if possible. sion." He is now located at Concep- When he heard what it was we cion, Chile, but visits various points wanted, he started to storm against where soldiers-a much neglected hypocrites! This was not very enclass-are located, and with Gospel meetings and Scripture distribution, couraging but, with our experience has led many into new life in Christ. in the life insurance business, we refused to be discouraged easily. EDITOR. When the storm had ceased, we asked: ASHORT time ago on entering a regimental barracks to ar- "Well, what do you say? Shall range for a Gospel meeting we have the meeting or not 1" we found that the comandante was out, and so we went for a walk out His answer, was about as fol- lows: in the country. The commander of each regiment has full authority in "Look here, I'm absolutely irmatters affecting the morale of religious and opposed to all re- ligion. I don't even allow the his troops so that we have to "sell 'padres' to hold a religious meeting our idea" to each colonel in turn. with my troops. If you want to This particular man was unknown hold a meeting come along at five o'clock, but if you say a word about to us.

religion I'll throw you out in the "Exactly what we showed you street." this morning, sir," was our reply.

"We're out in the street now," He demanded a reexamination we replied, "and it might be better and then gave his consent to the to stay here in that case. But let distribution. Without the opporus tell you something! You've a tunity to put the Word of Life in bunch of men that you know you've the hands of the men, we would tried your best to reform. In spite feel that our work would be unof all your efforts and lectures on fruitful. alcoholism and the sex problem, they do not obey you. But there As the men started to file out of is an Almighty Power that you the hall, the comandante shouted, have not tried that will trans- "Sientense todos!" (Everybody sit form their lives and make them down!) . decent, happy, respectable, hardworking men. We give you fair We wondered what could be warning that if you do let us in we coming next! He started on a discannot but speak of this mighty course to his men, beginning with Power that. will make them new- the Constitution of Chile, citing born creatures. We will tell them the clause which grants religious the Way to attain this new life and, furthermore, we have proofs liberty and then said, out of your own army in other "For this reason I have perplaces as to what God has already done !" mitted Sr. Strong to speak to you. I wish to say further that the Finally he gave a sort of grudg- teachings of Christ are highly ing consent for a meeting, and so beneficial and I trust that you will we parted. all profit by this good counsel which you have heard." That afternoon when we began to speak of Christ's salvation and He then turned and shook hands with us cordially. We do not bepower to deliver from the guilt lieve in "pussyfooting" God's mesand power of sin, the comandante, sage, but we never have expected burst into the room and strode to an open endorsement of it, especi· the front, apparently with the in- ally from a high official. When it came from such a man, it was a tention of stopping the meeting. surprise indeed! Suddenly he paused, when within :fifteen feet of us, and began to lis- After our arrival at home, we ten to a story we were telling. He sent this officer a New Testament, remained silent while we continued and we herewith translate a part the meeting without interruption, of his reply: quoting God's Word and pointing the way of salvation. "Colonel X- wishes to greet At the close, we asked the head Sr. Gmo. Strong and would state sergeants, as usual, to come for- that he has gratefully received ward and receive their copies of el "Nuevo Testamento," which he the Gospel of St. John to distribute will read with the hope that the among the men. Then the comandante interfered and asked to Supreme Creator will place a know what they were. pavilion of consolation over his 'a I m a pecardora empedernida' (sinful hardened soul)."

Pray for this poor fellow who is but a type of many officers who have attended our meetings and

WORK FOR SOLDIERS IN CHILE

for whom we ask your prayers. for the distribution of New Testa- These officers come from the best ments among the men of the army families of Chile, and, as in other and navy. This will increase the places, are a hard class to reach cost of transportation, but we can with the Gospel. commit these details to the One Who has called us to labor in this We wish that you would praise part of His vineyard. Pray God the Lord with us for the fact that that His blessing may rest upon means have been partly provided this work.

A REMARKABLE INVALID IN SHANGHAI* BY GEORGE T. B. DAVIS, Shanghai, China I N THE course of my journeys was working in the office of a it has been my privilege to magistrate in Hinghwa, in Kiangsu meet a number of heroic in- province. He went to church valids in various lands. from time to time, and was once presented with a copy of the Bible, For seventeen years Mr. D. C. but did not read it. At length, Hu has had an affliction that would after he became paralyzed, when leave most of us helpless invalids. in great extremity and pain, he began to read the Word of God, He constantly lies in one position and through reading it and the on his back, his body and limbs help of friends, he accepted Christ being paralyzed. His jaws are set as his Saviour. so that his teeth are clenched and immovable. One of his front teeth After he became a Christian, he has been extracted, and through asked the Lord what he could do this opening he speaks and re- for Him in his paralyzed condiceives nourishment. Yet in spite tion? of these handicaps, he conducts two day schools and a night school, The Lord said to him, "Read teaches classes daily, and writes your Bible this year, and later I articles for a religious paper. On will come to take you to a happy Sunday morning he conducts a place across a river." Sunday-school and religious service, sometimes preaching the ser- So Mr. Hu read his Bible, and mon while lying on his cot. at the set time, a coolie came to his house and he said to him, "Will It was in Shanghai that I heard you take me to Shanghai on your of Mr. Hu through Miss Jennie V. back?" Hughes, who showed me his picture and took me to see him. "Have you any money? It is nineteen miles to the boat." Mr. Hu's room is in an old rickety building where he was "No, I have no money." teaching a class of children. We "Where are you going to stay sat down beside his cot, and Dr. after you reach Shanghai?" Mary Stone interpreted. "I do not know; but the Lord told me to go." Mr. Hu is forty-one years old. After this conversation, the Before he became paralyzed, he coolie was impelled to pawn his own clothes in order to obtain *' From the MQody Bible Institute Monthly.

funds for the journey. Then he fully, and especially about the carried Mr. Hu on his back to the Holy Spirit. As the result he be- boat, and at length they reached gan to witness with greater power.

Shanghai. When they arrived, On each Sunday at 9 a. m., Mr.

the coolie asked, "Where shall I Hu has a Sunday-school, where take you?" He replied, "To the teachers come to help in the work Shantung Road Church." There among the children. At 10: 30 the pastor greeted him cordially a. m. there is a preaching service and took him to a home for crip- for the boys and girls, and for the ples where he spent seven years neighbors.

reading and stUdying his Bible, Mr. Hu writes articles for the and while there he was baptized Chinese Christian Intelligencer, ex- by the pastor. posing the evils of the anti-Chris- On one occasion he sent an ar- tian movement, and showing the ticle to a periodical in Nanking power of Christ to reconstruct the called Spiritual Light. In this he nation. Like that great hero of told his life story. One of the the first century of the Christian editors became interested and came era, he can say, "I take pleasure in to Shanghai to see him. Through infirmities, in reproaches, in neces- this person Mr. Leland Wang was sities, in persecutions, in distresses led to call on Mr. Hu and explain for Christ's sake: for when I am to him the way of salvation more weak then am I strong."

AN INVALID'S FELLOWSHIP OF PRAYER nJ FELLOWSHIP of Prayer was noticed a look of joy spread over started some years ago by the old lady's face, and she said: Miss Irvine of Dublin,* an "I am so thankful to hear what you invalid, whose influence has spread say because I did it." Then she to America and other lands. Year told him that several years before by year additional members are a missionary from the same area enrolled who give definite time for had visited the parish and had intercession. Many also write or called on her, and told her some- dictate letters, expressing their thing of his difficulties and of the joy at being able to take part in special problem of the district, this definite service. closed to evangelistic effort. From Some years ago, in the West of that time for over five years she England, a visiting missionary had daily prayed that God would called upon Ii parIshioner who lived open the door into this unevangelin the parish Almshouse, and had ised area so that the Gospel might been bedridden for many years. be preached. The missionary told the invalid of This is only one example of what a certain district which, for many is happening continually. The years, had been closed to evangel- work in the mission fields owes istic effort, but had now asked for much to these patient sufferers teachers. While he was teIling of who realise that while they are laid the work and the opportunity, he aside from active work, they have still a very important sphere of • Mi8S Gladys E. P. Irvine, Han. Sec., 55 Grosvenor St., Dublin S. W. 6, Ireland. service open to them.

PICS Of THE

JERUSALEM AND DETROIT An entire morning was devoted to While the interpretation of the mes-· the significance of the Jerusalem state- ment on The Christian Message. Dr. sage and spirit of the Jerusalem Coun- Robert E. Speer and Dr. Halford Luccil goes forward in our churches, it cock, now professor of Homiletics at is gratifying to learn how seriously many of our Foreign Mission Boards Yale, spoke on the meaning and value are taking the Jerusalem pronounce- of this classic to our American ments. Six months ago, questions churches, while Mrs. Thomas Nicholwere prepared on each major theme son dwelt on those aspects of the state- ment which are of special interest to discussed at Jerusalem for the special women~ James Yen of China, in an use of Mission Boards in their study of the implications of these Jerusalem evening address on "Meeting the statements with respect to their own Needs of Rural Populations" sugadministrative policies. The annual gested a number of practical adaptameeting of the Foreign Missions Con- tions in social and economic betterference just held in Detroit, January ment activities designed to meet the 15-18, was an effective stimulus to age-long limitations of China's rural this study. Over four hundred dele- people. On the last day, Mr. Hivale gates, representing more than sixty of India, spoke very frankly before the whole conference on those relaforeign Mission Boards in the United tions between the younger and older States and Canada, were in attend- churches which to him, at least, seem ance. The program sought to focus to be false and unwelcome. An evethought on Jerusalem's challenge to ning was devoted to the recent Congo North American Boards. In open con- Jubilee Conference; Dr. J. W. Holley, ference sessions as well as in sectional a colored delegate from the south premeetings, many of the questions re- senting one of the reports. ferred to above were introduced and made the basis of discussion. In the Since the conference opened with sectional meeting on industry, for ex- a careful survey of trends in giving ample, this very pertinent question to foreign missions, and with an analwas considered: "What adjustments ysis of changes taking place in the in the program of our Boards ought attitude of our church and student to be made to enable our missionaries constituencies toward foreign misto give greater help to the Christian sions, it was only natural that the Churches of other lands in their ef- closing session should be given over forts to Christianize social and in- to the testimony of nationals on the dustrial relations?" In the group on value of the Christian World Mission Religious Education: "How far are and to an address by Dr. James Enour missionaries prepared, by material dicott of Toronto, on "Points to be gifts and by technical training, to in- emphasized in our presentation of misstitute and apply modern educational sions to the home church."

technique in their areas?" In the The annual meetings of the Foreign Home Cultivation Section: "What Missions Conference are never charchanges in program or relationships acterized by many findings or resolu- on the mission fields need careful in- tions. It is not a legislative body. terpretation in our home churches?" The Mission Boards send their dele- 261

gates to exchange points of view, to ernment but this is due to outside gain knowledge of new conditions and pressure that, it is hoped, will soon developments affecting mission admin- be removed. "There is now no civil istration and to realize that spirit of war in China," said Dr. Yui. There unity among them out of which com- may be bandits at work in some areas mon undertakings emerge. Most of but the Government is taking steps to the major emphases of the Jerusalem suppress these and at the same time Council Reports were restated at De- to reduce the army of two million troit. The Boards could not mistake soldiers to not more than one million. their meaning. In the sectional meet- These will be organized under the Naings, a number of very definite rec- 'tional Government and not as at presommendations or proposals were made ent in separate army units. The army which, we trust, will find their way to must be reduced gradually or else the individual Foreign Mission Boards for unemployed soldiers will become banfurther consideration and perhaps dits. The securing of civilian employadoption. By and large the American ment, with self-support, for the church constituency still needs a good ex-soldiers is one of the difficult probdeal of educating before it can be said lems before the Chinese Government. that our Christian laymen are fully up to the position taken by the Jeru- Another problem is that of unifysalem Council. One may go further, ing the national revenues so that inperhaps, and predict in the light of stead of offering a means for graft Detroit that, in the case of Foreign and private exploitation the National Mission Boards themselves, pressure taxes will find their way into the Nafrom the fields will need to be applied tional treasury· and local taxes only before these Boards are likely to re- will be used for local improvements spond fully to the ideals which found and administration. expression on the Mount of Olives. A third problem is that of strength- Miss Helen Calder of the American ening the official personnel, local and Board was elected to succeed Dr. James national, so that effective unselfish I. Vance of Nashville, as Chairman of service will be rendered to China. It the Conference, being the first woman is significant and encouraging that of to occupy this position. By special the ten ministers or heads of departarrangement, and in addition to the ments in the national government sevregular women delegates, a number of en are Christians, six were educated women representing the Woman's Fed- in America and two are former Y. M. eration of Foreign Mission Boards C. A. Secretaries. Dr. Yui stated that participated in the Conference as cor- in all one hundred and fifty former responding members-a sure and hap- Y. M. C. A. Secretaries are now in py augury of the closer working Chinese Government service. relationships inaugurated by special resolutions at this Conference between These are difficult days in China but these two significant interdenomina- they are days of hope and young Chitional bodies. nese leaders are convinced that now is their opportunity and they are seek- M. T. S. ing to do truly constructive work in making the new China a progressive MAKING A NEW CHINA nation.

The Chinese people are again united What are the next steps? under one central national govern- First politically. The leaders are ment, said Dr. David Z. T. Yui, the seeking to unify the country. The National Y.M. C. A. Secretary for people have discarded the monarchy China, at a recent luncheon to busi- and are opposed to any dictatorship ness men in New York City. Shan- or military overlordship. They wish tung and Manchuria may still be out a true democracy with a well organof full accord with the central Gov- ized government modelled on that of the United States and with eligibility

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

to office determined, not by sex or emissaries as one of their chief points class, but by character and capacity. of attack.

Educationally the Chinese have set The basis of the superstructure of their standards according to modern the New China must be first, the de- ideas and methods. They propose to velopment of personal Christian char- give girls and women equal opportu- acter with ideals and capacity for nities to those enjoyed by men. Today unselfish service of humanity; second, over eighty per cent of the Chinese the training in intelligent citizenship are illiterate so that one of the tasks and the faithful observance of its before new China is to provide general rights and duties; and third, better education and at the same time to give and more sympathetic international the people a practical training for life, relations. On such a basis and with with a spirit of honesty and fair play such a program China must advance and a world viewpoint. • to a most important and honored place Economically, the endeavor will be in the world of nations.

to provide better living conditions for The progress that China has made working classes, with good roads and in the past two years is more fully improved implements and methods, so dealt with in this issue by Rev. Wm.

as to provide abundance with simple A. Mather who has spent over a quar- habits of life. ter of a century in that great land.

Socially, the leaders of new China strongly uphold monogamy and the THE SPELL OF CHRIST IN JAPAN putting to an end of concubinage and Missionaries write of stirring days domestic slavery. While the cultiva- in Japan with the whole country contion and importation of opium and scious of the birth of a new political other narcotics have increased, there life. The election of members to the is to be a determined war against National Parliament last spring, under these and kindred evils. the new Enfranchisement Act, brought Religiously, the leaders stand for forth over nine million men who, for freedom of conscience, belief and wor- the first time, had the right to vote. ship. They have refused to promote The wave of a new political interest Confucianism and do not approve of spread to the uttermost parts of the anti-religious propoganda. They be- Empire. lieve that religion is the center of There are many new forces at work life and that all should acknowledge in Japan but the strongest, if not the the supremacy of the one God and the most prominent in the public eyes, is brotherhood of all mankind. the quiet but dynamic influence of the Internationally, the Chinese seek to life and teachings of Jesus Christ. place all relationships on a mutually A prominent Japanese friend, who reciprocal basis, with equal rights and has held a high Government office, refriendly relations with other nations, cently asked what the Young Men's the revision of all unequal treaties and Christian Association is doing to build the full recognition of China's sov- up strong character among the young ereignty. They seek to outlaw war men who come within the range of its and to promote international friend- influence. The secretaries everywhere ship, based on understanding, good testify to the eager interest of mem- will and cooperation with all the fam- bers in the study of Jesus Christ, ily of nations. which the Movement is sponsoring in Dr. Yui gave emphatic testimony coope.ration with the World's Comas to the important part that the mittee. There has been an unprece- Young Men's Christian Association dented demand for books as aids to has taken in training leaders for the these studies and from all parts of the New China. Because of its influence Empire have come encouraging reports and its Christian character, this or- of the growing interest in this re- ganization was marked by the Soviet newed spiritual emphasis.

A Canadian missionary, Mrs. H. C. tion I a w s discriminating against Watts, who was transferred from the Asiatics, the refusal to naturalize Indisturbed district of Northern China dians as American citizens, and beto peaceful Japan, writes: "Japan cause of the recent volume that holds seemed at first to offer dull contrast up to condemnation certain Indian to our old field-no war; no bandits. characteristics and customs. Everything worked like clockwork in a perfect system of law and order. There are signs that a storm is Efficiency seemed written over every- brewing and Mahatma Gandhi is likely thing, and this, to our Chinese eyes, to come back into Indian politics as a ears and noses, spelt dullness." leader. The young men are saying that non-violence does not work out in After six months in Tokyo, she practice and that they must unite and went to a small Japanese city, from use violent measures, if necessary, to which she writes: "We are tremen- bring. about a complete separation dously happy to be here. To one corn- from England and to gain their indeing from China, where crowds throng pendence. Gandhi has asked them to our meetings, the work at first seems wait until December 31, 1930, before very slow. But the longer one is taking any drastic action but the here, the more convinced one is that young leaders will not postpone the the work is solid and lasting. One by date beyond December 31 of the presone, they ar~ entering the Kingdom, ent year. What hinders action is the and little by little the nation is bend- division in India itself. Moslems and ing to the influence of the Spirit of Hindus cannot get together and each Christ. Young men and young wom- distrusts the other. No decided acen are reading, thinking, questioning tion can be taken without the Moham- -and God is working in their hearts. medan vote of approval. Great Brit- Step by step, stage by stage, the new ain would like to know the mind of world is being created for Japan. India but there is no such thing at Pray for Japan, that she may discover present as an "all India mind." more and more of God's truth, beauty, and love; and express these ever more India still needs guidance, the moldfully in her life and character." ing power of a dominant ideal and per- sonality, the leadership of capable un- INDIA IN THE CHANGING WORLD selfish statesmen and the power to carry out the ideals. These factors All the world is in a state of flux. can only be supplied through Christ India is no exception, but is per- and those in whom He lives and works haps, changing more radically and for the regeneration of India and of rapidly. Many diverse influences are the Indian peoples. at work, s 0 me constructive-like Christianity and nationalism-a n d SHOULD WE ABANDON WORK some destructive—-like atheism and bolshevism. There is a storm brew- FOR JEWS? ing, says Mr. C. F. Andrews, the Christian advisor of Mahatma Gandhi, In America at the present time who is now visiting America in the there is a very definite and persistent interest of promoting American-In- propaganda on the part of Jewish dian friendship. At a recent luncheon, leaders to induce the Protestant given in his honor in New York City, Church to give up all Christian mis- Mr. Andrews said in substance: sionary effort among their people. This propaganda assumes many forms, Formerly Indians regarded Amer- but its spirit and general content may ica as representing their ideal of free- be gathered from a recent article by dom and friendliness but recently a Christian clergyman in the Jewish there has been a growing bitterness TTibune. entitled "Let Us End Misagainst America because of immigra- sionary Work Among Jews." The au- thor, Dr. Edward L. Hunt, formerly

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

a pastor in New York and now a di- Dr. Isaac da Costa, the philospher, rector of the American Good Will Un- Sir Francis Palgrave, the historian, ion, voices an indictment of such Bishop Schereschewsky, the great mismissionary effort in four counts. The sionary to China who translated the article is being widely circulated and Bible into the Wenli tongue, and many is lauded by some as the expression others equally eminent. Were these or an ideal type of Christianity. It men "social climbers" who sold their will also doubtless fall into the hands Jewish heritage for a cup of afterof some who, not knowing the facts, noon tea? may be disposed to give further currency to its oracular pronouncements. It is unfortunate that this writer Here are the items of the indictment: has not met any bona fide Jewish con- verts. Among the 150,000 or more 1. "I indict Christian missionary work now in the churches of Europe there on the score of its futility. One must are thousands who have had literally search far and wide for a genuine Jew- to take up their cross to follow Christ. ish convert to Christianity. Those we It is a spiritual tonic to meet many do have are merely social climbers seek- of them. Here in America, among ing to sell their birthright of Israel for the 20,000 Hebrew Christians now in a cup of afternoon tea." the Christian churches of this country, it is not necessary to search very far This is really a serious reflection to find those who bear the hall-mark on Jewish character. It declares that of genuine devotion to Christ and His Jews are so wanting in principle that cause. If Dr. Hunt would like to meet for the bribe of a little social advan- a few of these converts, it would be tage many of them are willing to sell a pleasure to afford him the opportheir Jewish heritage. It is also a tunity that he might judge for himmore serious reflection on Christian- self as to their genuineness. ity. It asserts that Christianity is so inferior to Judaism that no Jew could The reason that a still greater numpossibly be induced to accept it unless ber of Jews do not rejoice in new some material advantage is attached found faith in Christ is because of to it. This is such a strange indict- the meagerness of the efforts put forth ment that one cannot help wondering in this field. Christ belongs to Jews what kind of Christianity the writer more than He belongs to any other has in mind. people in the world. No people is more responsive to His appeal, when And as for the "futility" of Chris- sympathetically presented, and no peo- ple who yield to Him a fuller or more tian work for the Jews, one would lasting allegiance.

like to ask this author where he got One very simple question arises in the face of this indictment. If Chrishis information. Is he only repeating tian efforts to win Jews to an accept- ance of Jesus as the Christ are so the usual Jewish sing-song, or has he woefully barren of results, why are made a real honest search for the Jews making such strenuous efforts facts? A little investigation would to stop them? have led to the discovery that 224,000 Jews entered the Christian churches 2. "I indict Christian missionary work of Europe and America during the among Jews on account of its costliness nineteenth century. If Christian work and waste. Let the Christian Church had been proportionately as fruitful use the funds which are being literally among other non-Christian peoples, thrown away for this purpose and devote the results would have been three times it t~ bringi~g .Christianity to the many greater than they actually were. nommal ChrIstIans, who are living with- Among these converts were men like out God today." Neander, the great church historian, Professor Bonfey, philologist, Sir Juli- Once again the old familiar Jewish us Benedict, the musician, Dr. Alfred sing-song! Has the author of this Edersheim, the Christian author, Sir article really investigated the expendi- William Herschell, the astronomer,

tures of the Protestant Churches of many thousands of Jews have come to America in their work for the Jews? a better understanding of Christianity It is very evident that he has not. and are opening mind and heart to If he should do so, he would get a the influence of that great Prophet of surprise, not at the vastness of the their people who has been such an unamount spent, but that it is so pitably speakable blessing to the whole world. small, and yet has been able to accom- These indirect results of a Christian plish so much. It is safe to say that ministry to the Jews would justify the total sum spent for Jewish work many times the expenditure of every by the thirty-eight Protestant denomi- dollar that has gone into the work. nations that form the Home Missions Council would not pay the salaries of 3. "I indict it because it is un-Christen prominent New York rabbis for tian. Anyone who believes in the hand of God in history must glimpse His pura single year! pose to preserve Israel and once more And as to waste, it is never easy to establish them in the land which their fathers made the Holy Land for Jews estimate spiritual values in material and Christians alike." terms. In some of our far-fiung foreign mission fields, years passed be- If Dr. Hunt could establish that fore a single convert was won. Yet charge it would end missionary work we have not heard of any denomina- among Jews at once and forever. No tion denouncing this expenditure of church and no individual Christian Christian money and effort as "waste." would engage in such effort if it could The missionaries were sowing seed for be shown as he declares, that it is a future harvest, they were breaking subversive of the divine purpose for down prejudice, making helpful con- Israel and is in reality a "fight against tacts, educating the people, and in- the manifest will of God." terpreting to them Christ and Christianity. Such service in the eyes of But from whence has this anti-mis- Christians, will never be called sionary indictment been derived? Once again, from the Jews. Every Jewish "waste." youth is instructed that God's purpose So it is in work for the Jews. for his people can only be fulfilled as they remain faithful to Moses and un- Though it is quite as fruitful as most contaminated by Christianity. It is evangelistic work for "nominal Chris- the same old utterance, but this time tians, who are living without God to- strange to say, the voice is that of a day," and in whom Dr. Hunt seems "Christian" made audible through a to be so tremendously concerned, yet Jewish megaphone. the service of missionaries among the Jews covers a much wider range. In- It is only necessary to ask this simgrained prejudices must be removed ple question: is it true? With the –often prejudices deliberately fos- New Testament in our hands, it is tered by the synagogue; the mission- not difficult to find the answer. This aries must teach the people the truth work of seeking to win the Jews has about Christ and Christianity, which behind it the command of the Master, has been so long withheld from them; His own example and that of all the they have to create good will, a good Apostles. Even the great Apostle to will that is real and abiding because the Gentiles made it his practice to it ignores no fundamental issue and give the Gospel "to the Jew first," goes to the very heart of the problem. never thinking that in so doing he Because of this service tens of thou- was working against God's manifest sands of Christians in all parts of the purpose for Israel, but profoundly concountry now cherish a real love for the vinced that Christ holds in His hand Jews, and would gladly share with the future of His people, and that them their chief treasure-the knowl- there is no high place for the Jew in edge and faith of Jesus Christ our the purpose of God in Palestine or Lord. And because of this service anywhere else apart from Jesus

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Christ. The Apostle looked forward But American freedom has also prewith assurance to a glad time when served to every religion the right to "all Israel shall be saved," and when propagate its faith. The Mormon, the at last his people coming into step Mohammedan, the Hindu have perfect with the purpose of God, will be to liberty to preach their particular docthe whole world as "life from the trines. The Theosophist, the Christian dead." Scientist, the Roman Catholic, enjoys equally with the Protestant the right Verily, upon this Christian ministry to win converts to his cause. The Jew rests, in a peculiar way, the blessing also, wherever he wishes, can go out of the God of Israel, and behind it and seek to extend the faith of Moses are His unfailing promises. So when as widely as he pleases, and Christians there comes to us in this generation will utter no protest. That is one of a voice saying "I indict," in which we our American privileges. see the purpose of God for Israel moving forward steadily to its ful- The difficulty is that Jews wish to filment, we can only refer the utterer be considered a people apart, and deto an occasion long ago when a ruler mand that all propaganda shall stop of the Jews said to two followers of at their door. Christianity can never Jesus engaged in the same work, "I enter into any such compact. It is a indict," and they replied: "Whether it missionary religion offered to people be right in the, sight of God to hearken of every race, color and creed. To unto you more than unto God, judge pass the Jew by would be to discrimye, for we cannot but speak the things inate against him. We establish our which we have seen and heard." churches in mixed communities where all sorts of people live. We announce 4. "I indict it because it is un-Ameri- our services and frequently add the can in that it ignores the values of the invitation, "Everybody Welcome." synagogue in making godly citizens and Would not the Jews feel that they in the furthering of many good causes were discriminated against if beneath for the betterment of the community." that invitation were placed the words, "Except Jews"? One can only marvel that any American professed follower of the Great- Moreover, the Christian religion est Jew of History could be induced dare not pass the Jews by. The comto repeat this oft-repeated Jewish can- mand of its Founder forbids it, its ard. Since when has the Christian universal claims demand the presenta- Church ignored the synagogue? or tion to Jews as to others, and the failed to recognize its place in our identification of its own future with American life? or interfered with it that of the race of Jesus, all present an in the fulfilment of its ministry to its unanswerable' and urgent appeal to own people? Does not the Jew possess find some way to bring this highly every civil, political, and religious gifted people into accord with the right enjoyed by the rest of us? He divine purpose, so that Jews and can build his synagogues, worship the Christians together, in happy accord, God of his fathers in perfect freedom, may move forward for the redempwitness to his faith, propagate it and tion of America and of the world. can even say many things about Christianity that are not so without inter- J. S. c. ference. The overwhelming Christian majority in this country, when its "The highest service a man can rennational foundations were laid, made der to his fellow man is to pray for provision for that religious liberty him. Work backed up by prayer is which the Jew now so fully enjoys, too often the practice, if not the ideal and today Christians will stand with of the Church: if the world is to be him side by side for the maintenance won, that order must be reversed and of these rights should they even be the Church learn to depend on prayer, threatened. backed up by work."-E. S. Woods.

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, New

MAKING THE MISSIONARY ENTERPRISE LIVE IN YOUR CHURCH THE PERFECT FURLOUGH of life are in a country where you visit and do not live. By REV. JAMES B. RODGERS, D.D., Manila, Philippine Islands How to get 80% or even greater value out of a furlough is a problem. I T IS very delightful to dream about Perhaps one may say that a perfect one's coming furlough to the home- furlough does not exist; but there land. "My own, my native land" are certain principles which may help seems very attractive from the other the missionary coming home on his side of the world, and then the thrill furlough and enable him to make the when the shores arise and the Golden best possible use of his months in the Gate appeaI:s, or perhaps the Statue United States.

of Liberty waves a welcome; what First of all, a furlough to be worth missionary has not felt it? while should be earned. The Fourth This furlough toward which we Commandment enjoined six days solid have been looking with longings is work as well as one day's thorough going to correct all our troubles, is rest. One cannot enjoy a vacation sure to be an unadulterated pleasure unless he can take it with a clear and perhaps a panacea for the per- conscience. On the eve of my first plexities that have been with us dur- furlough I remember the horror of ing the years on the field; but there finding myself in my dreams on the is a tinge of disappointment in spite streets of New York but with the of the warmest of welcomes and the very bitter consciousness that I had most cordial of hospitalities. One is fled from duty.

a visitor and has no part in the life In the second place, a furlough of the home and town. He feels rest- should be planned for. The vacation less. The visions of the past do not months are just as much a part of materialize, and then again, before our service as the years on the field.

one went to the field, he could move We must no more think of wasting about readily and freely with no par- them than we should think of idling ticular ties. A vacation was a time through the years abroad. The duties of utter freedom from responsibility, will be different, responsibilities less; but the furlough vacation carries with burdens will change, but they will it its own responsibilities. The pres- exist. A furlough is a detail. One ence of two or three little children in is transferred from the line to the the family curtails that freedom. staff; from the front line to the serv- Shall one roam about the country to ice of supply. In order to make the leave his wife and babies to get along best use of these months of furlough the best they can? That would be one should carefully plan and attempt selfish. Furloughs are often a time to fully realize the purpose of the of the heaviest responsibilities and furlough.

the greatest cares, so that in planning In the third place, there is the ques- for a furlough one must take into tion of physical recuperation. One's consideration the fact that all one's vitality is usually lowered by the cli- responsibilities and all the difficulties mate and environment of the field sta- 208

METHODS FOR WORKERS

tion. The body is like a soorage being able from a distance to review battery that needs recharging. One the work of the years on the field and must deliberately plan such occupa- to see how God has blessed it. tions and such surroundings as will restore lost vitality. In conclusion, a furlough is a fail- ure that does not give full opportunity , One hardly needs mention the bur- to gain the spiritual blessings that den of months without definite em- come through association with one's ployment, and no one will confuse rest fellow Christians. During my furwith laziness. It would be helpful if loughs I have counted it as a matter the field-work during furlough could of great privilege to catch the thrill be done systematically and not spas- of the call, to have revived in my modically. One's vitality is often re- heart the lure of the field; then one stored as is the battery, by activity goes back with new courage, new faith, and motion. The association with peo- new power, and his well-earned furple of his kind, the possibility of be- lough has been well spent. ing in touch with the great movements of one's own country, the new ac- So it's home again, and home again, quaintanceships one makes and the America for me! new friendships, all serve to add to his stock of strength. Deputation My heart is turning home again, work, if wisely done, is not only a And there I long to be– benefit to the' cause at large but also to the individual who undertakes it. In the land of youth and freedom- His contact with the church groups Beyond the ocean bars, of men and women is one of the greatest blessings of the furlough time. Where the air is full of sunlight And the flag is full of stars. Fourth. Of late years the theory has been advanced that the first term 'Vhen having a missionary in your church of service is a time of preparation for have :you ev(~r had a soulful and interpretive the fullest work and because this is soloist to sing Dr. Henry VanDyke's, "America so, it is the desire of the Mission for Me"? It is to he found in almost any first Boards that the first furlough so far class music store: if not locally obtainable as possible be spent in further study; onler from Miss Annie G. Bailey. 581 Boylston the physician in Medical College; the St['eet, Boston, Mass. Price 15c. evangelist in. Theological Seminary; the teacher in a Teachers' College. "MURERA BARANDA"-.AN AFRICA When the missionary first goes to the field he scarcely knows what form of DEMONSTRATION service he may be best fitted for; his first term teaches him. The furlough By MRS. DONALD FRASER should be given to specializing along this line. Author of the chapter, "The Doctor as Friend" in "Friends of Africa." Fifth. If possible, it is a good thing for the missionary to spend a Written for the Northfield School few weeks near the Board headquar- of Missions by Mrs. Donald Fraser of ters. He needs to understand the Glasgow, formerly a Scotch Presbyproblems that confront those who are terian missionary in Livingstonia. working at the home-base. It gives one a sense of God's presence quite The name Murera Baranda means as much as the miracles that we see "The Nurse of the Orphans"-an Afin our field of work. Another source rican term for God. of inspiration comes from looking back over the term of service just Needed-Basin and towel, spear, club passed. One of the greatest blessings or long stick-a little bundle to reprethat coming home brings is that of sent baby, tea tray and two cups.

4 Setting-Native village. Women pounding and cooking. Young Missionary (Y. M.) sits on African drum writing. Sound of singing beyond- Tune-"Jesus Loves Me." 1. Yesu wa ndidisa 'ni Bible ra ndi udza 'ri Vana wa no mnda wo Yesu n no wada woo Choj'us- Yesu wa ndida, Yesu wa ndida,

Yesu wa ndida, O. M. to Native Girl-"Would you Wa wada wose woo like to taste our salt 1"

(It ceases and murmur of voices is Native Girl-"EeVery much." (she heard.) comes forward with hands cupped to- gether.) Older missionary enters-"I've just been looking into the Senior School. Old Missionary-"It is sugara." Ellen is bringing a cup of tea, then (Puts a spoonful or two of sugar in we'll attend to some medical cases." her hand.) While this conversation is going on Native Girl imitates-"Su-ga-ra." people have been entering and sitting (Goes back to others and they each down. take a little out of her hand; she stands licking her empty palms vig- Young Missionary-"It's all just so orously.) thrilling-I've been putting it all down in my diary. But I do wish I could Patients speaking to one anothertalk to the people as you can. I'm so "Good-good-isn't that good?" glad you've brought me out on this little tour among the villages." (Old Missionary rises and brings forward basket or medicine chest and Old Mis8ionary-"I thought it would lays out bandages, dressing tray, botinterest you to be brought into close tles, etc. Young Missionary goes and contact with the people and see how brings kettle of water, basin and towthey live, how necessary it is to know el.) the language. Besides I wanted to get in touch with this group of vil- Old Missionary to woman with dirty lages, now that we have started a cloth over her head-"You come first school in this district." mama. It hurts your eyes to sit in the light, doesn't it?" (Enter girl with tea tray. They sit and drink.) Woman–"Very much, mama."

Old Missionary-"Here comes tea!" Old Missionar'lj-"Will you come and help me, Miss Brown, to hold her Description of gathering patients- eyelids, so? Every white man and woman in Africa must be more or Woman with cloth hanging over face less of a doctor." (Puts lotion in and head held down. eyes.) Woman with baby on back. "That's all now, mama. Come back Boy with leaf tied on bare leg which again tomorrow morning and bring has blood over it. a clean dish and a friend to learn what Another who moves in sitting posture to do and we'l! give you medicine to go -using hands, one foot, to move along; on with this washing and show her one leg covered by dirty wrapping held how to do it." out stiffly before him. He bites his lips in pain and says: "A-yi-Rote. we! A- Young Missionary-"Granny next!" yi-Rote. we!" (Helps blind woman forward.) An old blind woman holding on to end of stick led by child grasping the other Old Missionary (looking at eyes) end. "Alas granny, you are blind. Can you see anything with either of your eyes? (Old Missionary turns to them and The fire? My hands? (holding one greets them.) up before her eyes).

Patients (some clapping hands)- Granny-"The sun, yes. The fire, "Timboneni mose Yebo, mama. Tim- a little. Your hands, no." boneni, mose Yebo, mama." Old Missionary-"Granny, I can't (Young Missionary imitates their do anything for you here. You must rythmic clapping of hands. Patients come to my house for sick people. We watch and whisper together as Old must cut something out of your eyes Missionary and Young Missionary and then, I think, you'll be able to drink tea.) see again."

Old Missionary to Young Mi8sionary-"They think we are putting salt in our tea!"

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Granny-"I don't want you to cut Mgoniwabe. We see you Mgoniwabe.

me. I want you to put medicine for Where have you come from 1"

sight into my eyes." Old Man (sitting on haunches and Uld MiBsionary-"We can't do that. laying down bundle)-"Yebo. Ama- We must cut out what is shutting out rna. Did I know I would find you here'! the entrance of light into your eyes. I came from there." (Raising voice You needn't be afraid. Others older and pointing with lips, as is the Afrithan you have come and gone away can custom) "I went to see my son." seeing. You'll get food to eat and a blanket to cover you at night, and be Young Missionary (looking at bunvery comfortable. dle)–"Its a baby! truly, its a baby!"

Granny (shaking head disconsolate- Old Mis.~ionary-"A baby! What ly)-"It was medicine for sight I are you doing with a baby? Whose wanted." is it?" (Looking at it) "Why, its just newly born." Old Missionary to Young Missionary-"There's no use hustling her. Old Man-"I have shame, mama, Let her think it over and she'll come that a man should be carrying a baby. around." But, in the village where I slept last night the mother died when the baby Old Missionary (turns to boy with was born, the heathen women said the bandaged leg-begins to remove cov- baby would of course die too. I ering)-"Now let's see your sore." begged them to bring it to you, but they laughed and refused. They would Young Missionary (putting hand- not believe me when I told them that kerchief to her nose to cover smell)- you could save motherless babies. But "Oh, how can you stand it! and-it-is- I was sorry that this baby should die.

crawling!" I asked them to let me take it to you."

Old Missionary (down on her knees Old MisBionary-"You've carried it beginning to wash the sore)-"I all that way yourself? Twenty-five know; these sores used to make me miles! Has it had any food 7"

literally sick, they sometimes do still. Old Man-"Only some water mama."

But do you remember a poem of Whit- (Speaking proudly) "I remembered tier's? It goes something like this: that you don't approve of giving In me thou lovest me. I call solid food to babies and I could get Thee to love me in all. no milk."

Lord I will love thee as I can Old MissionarY-"Splendid! Now In every fellow man. we must try to feed it. I wish I had All sick, all suffering, all who ache. a feeding bottle here. Miss Brown- Lend all for my sake, Lord. I will see you've a fountain pen filler, haven't In every sufferer-Thee." you? May I have the rubber off it?

I'll improvise one with that and a med- (Continuing)-"I always have to icine bottle!"

keep reminding myself: IN EVERY (Young Missionary brings filler; SUFFERER-THEE." Old Missionary goes away for a mo- (To boy, as she finishes bandaging) ment while Young Missionary lifts -"Now, you too must come to the up baby-others gather around to look hospital to get your leg put right. at it.) You aren't afraid?" Old Missionary (Coming back; sits Boy (cheerily) – "Would I be down on floor and takes baby on knee) afraid? Do I not want to be able to -"Now for baby's supper." (natives walk?" gather nearer, stare, cover their Old Man (enters with spear and mouths with their hands to express club, carrying clumsily something astonishment. Boy with bad leg wrapped in a bit of old calico)- laughs aloud. Exclamations of "Hullo!" "Barna!" Two women turn to each Old Mis8ionary-"Hullo! Here's other and grasp hands.)

YIJIII1Y Missionaru–"H is eating beautiful name you Africans have beautifully." found for God. Of course all we his children everywhere must help Him Woman 'It';lh /w/I!I-"Thc wisdom in that work. But go now and thank of the white woman! Did any of us Murera Baranda." black people ever know that you could turn a bottle into a mother?" Woman with baby goes to prayers in direction of drum beats. Mission- Old Man-HCan I go now?" aries gather their things together and Young Missionary-"Yes, Mgoni- quickly repack the medicine chest. wabe. We'll look after your baby. They leave for the hospital carrying Travel well!" the baby. Old Man (rising from ground)- "Now I am a man again. Goodbye Note: Clothing of natives need conmy mothers." (Bending forward and sist only of cloth wound about body as clapping his hands in salutation.) seen in African pictures. Old Missionary-"Mgoniwabe, you were a man and a brave man not even Do not use any form of blacking; afraid of laughter when you fetched use only cocoa colored cream on exposed away this baby. And you were a-a- parts of body. Study prayerfully to real Christian. Tell them we'll be bring out the pathos which is hidden in back home tomorrow, Paweme." every word and line of this unusual (Drum b~ats are heard.) picture. Old Missionary to others-"Now your teacher is calling you all to If at all possible, have a woman phyprayers. Go and worship God. I can't sician or a trained nurse to take the part come tonight because I am going to of the doctor. attend to the baby. When you have worshiped, come back and we'll finish In no case use any chairs. Only the our medical work." one drum; and the doctor does all of (They turn to go-woman with her work from the ground. baby turns back.) Woman with baby-"Mama, what EFFEOTIVE OUTDOOR shall you call the baoy?" Old Missionary-"I don't know. EVANGELISM What name would you suggest?" Woman with baby-"Mwana wa What might be the result if during botele." the coming spring and summer there Young Missionary-"Mwa-what did should be developed by the Christian she say?" churches a great wave of outdoor Old Missionary (laughing gleefully) evangelism spreading from Los An- geles to New York and from Duluth -"Mwana wa botele! The bottle to New Orleans! baby!" (To the woman) "That will be quite a new name and a very good The following is finely suggestive one." as to how to organize for such a piece of work. Woman with baby-"We thank you, our mothers." John N. Wolf, Director of Evan- gelistic Work, National Bible Insti- Young Missionary-"What are they tute, New York, writes as follows: thanking us for? the sugar or the medicine?" The difference between effective and ineffective outdoor Gospel preaching Woman with baby-UNo, we are is measured by the hearing obtained thanking you in the name of the or- by the preacher for his message. phan baby." As the eternal welfare of souls de- pends upon the quality of the mes- Boy with bad leg-"You are Muli sage, much also depends upon whether Murera Baranda." or not those, for whom the message is intended, can be constrained to stop Old Missionary-"No, that is God. and listen. The natural man is not The nurse of the orphans-that is the interested in the Gospel. There are many things to distract and divert his attention. Satan is not willing that he should hear, consequently the Gos- pel preacher needs to exercise much

METHODS FOR WORKERS

wisdom and at times ingenuity, as did duct a meeting without a permit, some the Apostle who caught them with unpleasantness with the local officer guile, to gain attention and give the is liable to be the result. A permit Holy Spirit an opportunity to convict saves from many petty annoyances. and convert. Often unruly or drunken men in the crowd make it impossible to continue The following are a few sugges- but such disturbances have often been tions, out of many years' experience overcome by producing the permit and in outdoor Gospel preaching, to those appealing to the audience for fair play. who would obey the Master's command This hardly ever fails to bring results to go out into the highways and by- but as a last resort one can always ways: appeal to a policeman, who is com- pelled to honor the permit and protect 1. SELECTING THE LOCATION the meeting.

The first important question when A permit also assures the location. one goes fishing is, "Where do the fish The Freethinkers and I. W. W.'s and congregate?" If possible, secure a others often discovered that we had quiet place away from the noise of a good place and planned to steal it cars and traffic, but make sure the by getting there a little ahead of our people will be there. Some of our scheduled time, but in such a case, if most fruitful meetings have been con- remonstrance fails, the permit holder ducted right under the din of the can appeal to the police. Always make elevated trains. sure that you have the permit with you. Select a spot that will not cause the crowd to block the entrance of a store 3. ARRANGING THE ORDER OF SERVICE or that will prevent a show window from being in full view; for if you Be assured that nothing really worth do you will have a protest from a while ever "just happens." If you merchant, unless he is in hearty sym- would have an acceptable meeting, give pathy with you. Select a street wide attention to small details. Plan the enough for wagons to pass. This les- outfit. If possible have some musical son we learned as follows: It was a instrument. The more unusual it is hot summer's day, at the noon hour the more helpful it will be in attradin New York City's great financial ing persons to the meeting. district, and we found an invitinglooking, little street shaded and quiet. A stand for the speaker is essential. A large crowd gathered and everything It enables him to both see and be seen seemed fine, but just as we were giv- and to make himself heard. If there ing the invitation and the Spirit was is no stand available, the leader can evidently working, a large truck came go to almost any storekeeper and eialong, dispersed the crowd and brought ther borrow, or, for a few cents, buy our meeting to an abrupt end. a box on which to stand. The man en a stand above the heads ef the The corner is usually a better place crowd will always have a larger audithan the church steps. The unbeliever ence than the one who insists on speakand sinner is quite likely to pass right ing on the ground. by a meeting in front of a church, but will stop at a meeting on a corner. Many souls have been brought to the Light by means of the printed 2. SECURE A PERM IT page. For an outdoor meeting, one should always have a large supply of A permit a~~ures one of the Police Gcspel tracts and Scriptu re portions. Department's recognition of the meel- TheRe, however, should not be dising. We are to be subject to the pow- tJ'ibuted while the message is being er~ that be. Tn mOHt plae€s the Poliee delivered as it will distract the atten- Department requires one to have a tion of the audience. When distributpermit to conduct outdoor, religious ing, the workers should be stationed meetings. If it is attempted to con-

on either side of the street and a dis- apologies for conditions beyond your tance from the meeting, or else wait control. 8. Don't engage in argument.

until the close of the meeting. 9. Don't lose your temper. 10. Don't There seems to be a natural impulse, set yourself up as a good example.

with most persons, to gather behind 11. Don't read lengthy Bible passages.

the speaker. This is a great mistake; 12. Don't offer long prayers. 13.

for the stranger does not want the Don't preach too long.

front place at an outdoor meeting any USE OF MISSIONARY PICTURES more than he wants the front seat in church. The average man will not 1. Place on walls of room-pinning stand in front of a group, except at to curtains, etc., pictures of missiona distance, but will come up close, if aries and mission workers-having he can stand behind someone. There- each numbered. Give to each person fore, the wise leader will arrange his taking part a paper with numbers, and ask him to write the name of workers in front. The sympathetic missionary opposite to proper numfaces in front will encourage the ber. speaker, and, as a crown always gathers a crowd, the group in front will 2. A TRIP TO INDIA-or other act as a magnet to attract the stran- field, Home or Foreign. Pin to curgers. tains pictures of towns (numbered) The singers should know what they to be visited en route from the church are going to sing, so there will be or home from which the tour starts no embarrassing pauses caused by the (this will include the home church, nervous fumbling of hymn books, etc. one or two familiar scenes near home; several scenes in Chicago; interest- The meeting should go on without any ing places en route to coast; ship, break whatsoever. The majority of etc.) outdoor attendants are on their way somewhere, and every pause in the Pictures of general and church in- meeting serves as a reminder of their terest in the field studied, with picerrand and limited time, and, as a tures of mission workers, etc.; pictures of interesting cities en route rule, they are not slow to act. home, via Pacific. Each person taking The personal workers, and every part has sheet of paper, with numbers, meeting should have them, must be beside which he writes name of place ready to get in personal touch with to correspond with picture numbered. any who show signs of interest or Sheets may be exchanged and corthose who respond to the invitation. rected; or each correct his own, as They should get their names and ad- the leader reads the correct answers. dresses so that they can be followed There is hardly a limit to which this up and established. may be used.

The speaker's message should be 3. Pin on back of individual card prepared, as there are many disturb- bearing name of missionary (or a ances to divert thought. If he at- country.) The bearer may ask questempts to speak without preparation, tions, to which he may receive a "yes" his audience will quickly discover it. or "no,"-but nothing else. From this The outdoor audience is a most crit- information he must determine who ical audience. he is (or what country it is). When DON'TS FOR OUTDOOR SPEAKERS he determines this, the card is pinned 1. Don't criticize fellow Christians. on his breast.

2. Don't be personal in remarks. 3. 4. Have groups gather around small Don't give offense to any nationality tables on which are placed missionary or creed. 4. Don't discuss debated magazines (illustrated) with scissors, doctrines. 5. Don't discuss politics. paste and sheets of paper size of the 6. Don't waste time giving good ad- magazine. Call one table "India," an- vice on hygiene, etc. 7. Don't make other "China," another "Children's

METHODS FOR WORKERS

THE OGONELFIlR':v:~"" IS S THE MILL..

THIiT IiNY DAY THE LITTLE ,","'.I"""""'.r.I.A:,tI."

CIlN LOOK OUT, /lND SEE ~. 7HEMEN ') lIT PL/lY!

These posters may be used in connection with the study of child labor in Dr. Shriver's, "What Next in Home Missions" and in Dr. Oxnam's, "Youth and the New America."

If these posters are made in colors by an artist who is sympathetically interpretive, and placed in one of the "thoroughfares" of your church their silent teaching will mold sentiment and action.

Stories," another "Best Methods," etc. Tho Clouds in their darkness may gather, Have each group prepare several pages And ages in turn pass away, for the new magazine which is to be Unaltered as laws of creation launched. Then call the groups to- The Lights of the firmament stay, gether, and have the different editors Let the nations whose banners are wavexplain the pictures chosen. ing Song Those emblems of beauty and light, Stand firm for protection united (Tune: Three Cheers for the Red, As follow the day and the night. White and Blue.) CHORUS (Sung on all passenger ships of T. K. K. Line at least once between San Hurrah! For the Sun and the Stars Francisco and Yokohama.) Banzai! For the Stars and the Sun; Deep down in all hearts it is written, '£he God of the Nations Is One The Life of the Nations is One. The sun and the stars in the heavens United in radiance shine. Tho language and customs may differ, Their light, like a mantle of glory, Tho kingdoms their courses have run, Descends as a blessing divine. Tho races and people have altered, Let the nations whose banners are wav- O'er all shine the Stars and the Sun; Let the Nations whose banners are wav- ing, The Sign of the Stars and the Sun, ing Give light to the earth and its people. The symbols that never shall cease. United in purpose as One. Insure for the earth and its people The blessings of safety and peace. CHORUS CHORUS Hurrah! For the Sun and the Stars, Banzai! For the Stars and the Sun, Hurrah! For the Sun and Stars Inscribed on the skies it is written. Banzai! For the Stars and the Sun; Enshrined in all Life it is written, The Heart of the Nations is One. The God of the Nations is One.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York LEGISLATIVE MATTERS to take cognizance of three compara- Report, Committee of Connell of Women for tively recent occurrences. Home Missions, AIrs. Samuel Semple, Chairman. presented at Annual Meeting, Atlantic City, The first is the result of the nation- N. J., January, 1929. al election in November. Certain ex- Your committee has comparatively tremely vocal elements in the political little of direct action to report. Be- world (regardless of party associa- tions) insisted that that election cause the Council is an interwoven should be considered a popular refbody, made up of organizations which, erendum on the liquor question. taken together, cover the whole coun- While such a referendum in due form try, the matter of legislation must was not provided for at that time, necessarily come before it chiefly as and while the recent election was afregards federal action. Because, in fected by many cross-currents of poaddition to this, the field of its cor- litical, personal, and popular opinion, porate legislative interest must be those who demanded that the results carefully defined and limited, it is ob- of the election should serve as a refviously proper that the subjects on erendum received small comfort from which such joint interest may be ex- the event. An analysis of the results pressed are but few. It is also obvious of the election fail to justify in any that the subjects selected should be particular the claim that there is a those directly and plainly related to general revolt against actual prohihuman welfare measured on the Chris- bition in this country. Aside from the tian basis. item of the presidential contest itself, with its implications concerning pro- At the present time the four sub- hibition, it is noteworthy that, in conjects selected by the Council as be- gressional contests where that issue longing in a category so outlined are: was involved, the "dry" contestant Indian Welfare, Prohibition, the World won out; and the outstanding. expo- Court, and Child Labor. nents of the "wets" were defeated.

On Indian Wel/are the Council for- The second point of recent interest mally presented a petition to the Congressional Committee on Appropriations, asking for more adequate is the Durant award, with the plan for financial provision for the teaching better prohibition enforcement sub- staff of Indian schools, in order that mitted by Mr. Chester P. Mills. The better equipped teachers may be se- emphasis in that plan upon the weak- cured for those institutions. The pe- ness in the handling of permits for tition was cordially received, and the the distribution of industrial alcohol promise given to do all possible in calls attention to the responsibility of that line. the treasury department in granting On Prohibition the Council is and supervising such permits. That pledged to the support and defense of department insists that past defects the Eighteenth Amendment, and of in the syste:n have been remedied, and the Volstead Act. During the past that the present real trouble in enyear, in spite of much discussion and forcement lies in liquor smuggled from many verbal attacks, there has been abroad over land or sea· boundaries. no actual legislative attack on either This difference of opinion amou~ts of these items in our federal legisla- to an agreement that these two sources tion. In view of the continuous threats of illicit liquor are the sore spots Of such procedure, however, it is well ill the enforcement of the law, and 216 the roots of that business known gen- business this Resolution is in abeyance, erally as bootlegging. but at intervals shows signs of life. Its prominence has been over-shad- The third point to be observed is owed for the present by the Pact of the decision of the federal district Paris, popularly known as the Briandcourt at Philadelphia that in court Kellogg Multilateral Treaty for the handling of liquor cases the buyer, Renunciation of War as an instrument as well as the seller of oootieg liquors of national policy. may be indicted for breaking the law if any degree of transportation is in- Though this treaty has not been volved. formally included in the Council's au- thorization for legislative action, it is This calls sharp attention to the in every way SD allied to the interests fact that it takes two to make a boot- marked out fDr this committee that leggeI'; and should bring home to the actiDn supporting the treaty was asconscience of the nation the fact that sumed to be in line with the commitlaw observance is as much a part of tee's duty. Every opportunity for such national probity as is law enforcement. support has been seized. While keeping guard over the Eighteenth Amendment and its enforcing On Child Labor the situation in fedlegislation, this Council should also eral legislation has also been one of insist, in its teachings and influence, "watchful waiting." The Child Labor upon the responsibility of organiza- Amendment proposed for the federal tions and individuals for law observ- constitution is still alive, but no recent ance. The General Council of the progress in its ratification can be re- Presbyterian Church has asked that ported. In the field of state legisla- Sunday, March third of the coming tion cDncerning child labDr, it can be year be observed as Law Observance reported that improvements to some Sunday throughout that denomination; degree have been made during the and it is hoped that other churches last bi-ennium in Alabama, Connectimay adopt the same plan. cut, District of Columbia, Georgia, Louisiana, Maine, Minnesota, New On the World Court the Council is Jersey, New York, North Carolina, pledged to the support of all measures Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island. Most that may lead to adherence of the Unit- of these improvements have been efed States to the Permanent Interna- fected by direct legislation, some by tional Court of Justice, established broader construction of existing laws under a provision of the League of by States' Attorneys General, and s~me Nations, with its entirely independent by advanced rulings of State Comexistence located at the Hague. The missions or Industrial Boards. CDmfacts that such a court has been in- plementary to such advance in cluded in the dreams of American legislation bearing directly on Child statesmen since the days of William Labor is legislation on compulsory Penn, and that this particular court schoDI attendance; and in certain owes its set-up largely to American states advance has been made in that leadership and legal acumen seem suf- line. finient justifieati~n for the Council's support. The distinguished service Also bearing Dn the whole subject, of the Hon. John Bassett Moore as and laying foundation for future wisone of its first judges, now to be er legislation are the careful studies followed by that of the Hon. Charles and surveys of child labor that have Evans Hughes, should further recom- been made' in different sections of the mend it to American judgment. eounh'Y, some by private organiza- tions, some by state bureaus. and some The Gillette Resolution, now before by, or with the aid of. federal agencies Congress, provides for our country's Among these special mention may be adherence to this Court. It has re- made of studies in Pennsylvania and ceived support from your committee. Mississippi. The Pennsylvania study In the present press of Congressional

is noteworthy because it was under- tablished work for migratory children taken jointly by the Bureau of Women employed with their parents, or at and Children in Industry and the State least shifting with their parents in Department of Public Instruction, and the many seasonal occupations in difthe information was secured directly ferent parts of the country, will be from the little workers of the State bills aimed to prevent the premature who, under its law, are in attendance employment of such children, and to upon continuation school eight hours secure for them the advantage of coneach week. The naive replies to some tinued education. It is planned, for of the questionnaires filled out by the instance, that a simultaneous effort children were windows into their lives shall be made in Pennsylvania, Maryand worlds. land, and New Jersey to secure the passage of a law in each state under Allied with legislation on child la- which no nonresident child shall be bor are certain movements in the ed- employed during the time when the ucational world concerned with the laws of his resident state require his development of vocational training attendance in school. The desirability and guidance. There is also indica- of such regulation jointly enacted is tion of an interest in a revival of demonstrated by the migrations of exact apprenticeship, under modern working children across state boundconditions, and under the safeguard- aries in thickly populated sections of ing of the state. A round table dis- the country. Incidently such a situcussion on apprenticeship was a ation furnishes one of the best argufeature of the recent meeting of the ments for federal regulation of child National Vocational Educational As- labor. sociation held in Philadelphia. Wisconsin already has an apprenticeship Recommendations law whereby the state and the child's legal guardians (parents or otherwise) 1. Continuance of interest in Inenter into an agreement with the em- dian education. ployer as to the young person's industrial training. 2. That Law Observance Sunday on March 3d be urged, and its use ex- All this is of special importance as tended. That that phase of the presindication of the growing conviction ent situation-i. e. law observancethat the problem of child labor legis- be incorporated in as many programs lation is not merely negative and re- of all church women's organizations strictive. It must be increasingly as possible, this to be considered an constructive and educational. educational campaign to protect our existing prohibition legislation. The Council and its constituent membership should maintain a con- 3. That interest in the Briand-Kelsistent interest in this subject through logg Multilateral Treaty be continued, residents in the various states. Most urging its ratification by the Senate; advance in child labor legislation has that the World Court be continuously come through agitation in individual supported; and that any similar fedstates, working toward a general eral propositions looking toward imstandard. To quote, "The best results proved international relations that will not be attained until the people may develop during the year, and that in their thinking come to want higher meet with the approval of the Adminstandards so much that their wants istrative Committee of the Council, will become a popular demand upon shall be supported. the legislature." 4. That Council constituents in all January will see the convening of parts of the country, and individual many state legislatures, and items church women be urged to study child concerning child labor will come be- labor legislation in their individual fore many of them. Of particular states and support the best items of interest to the Council, with its es- such programs.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN. 419 Fourth Avenue. New York THE DETROIT MEETING wife of the resident Bishop of Detroit, gave a word of welcome and intro- The Foreign Mi….ion Conference of duced Mrs. Silverthorn who spoke of North AlUerica and the Federation her experiences at Jerusalem where of Woman'. Board.. of Foreign fifty-one nations were represented and Milsions where forty women from East and West lived together in one hut for Detroit was a new experience for the Foreign Missionary groups. The two weeks. Mrs. Silverthorn stressed annual meetings are usually held (Jan- the unity in diversity. the realization uary 14-18) in a quiet place apart of the common task for Christians from the hurry and turmoil of the the world around-that of making the city. The work of women has been Lord known-and the best methods to considered in separate meetings of find the facts and to demonstrate the the Federation although a few wom- power of the Christian message by en have been among delegates and daily living the Christ life. Mrs. Silofficers of the Foreign Missions Con- verthorn expressed her own feeling ference. This year because for both that the oriental women she met at the men and women the Jerusalem meet- Jerusalem Council were "quite our ing of the International Missionary peers" and emphasized the fact that Council was to be the basis of the we are working together as equalsprogram, joint sessions seemed desir- not patrons but partners.

able and it was so arranged. In order Dr. Jones out of a rich experience to eliminate certain difficulties con- during twenty-one years in India picnected with race relations it was de- tured the life there in its great con- cided to go to the Statler Hotel in trasts. There is extreme poverty and Detroit. Perhaps the experience was amazing wealth; there is meditation on the spiritual and yet a belief that good for us and we were glad to see physical water can cleanse from spirso many new faces but we found our- itual sin; there woman has had her selves nearer to "The Sidewalks of most difficult time and yet the Taj New York" than seemed helpful to Mahal was erected to the memory of our meditations a{.ld deliberations.

Preliminary meetings of the Fed- a woman and today a woman, Madam eration for business were held on Mon- Sarojini Naidu, now in this country, day and Tuesday morning. A luncheon has been president of the National for women Monday noon at which E. Congress of India. Sex relations at Stanley Jones and Mrs. E. H. Silver- their best and at their worst may be thorn were the speakers was attended found in India. Everything is chang- by more than a thousand women. In ing in India today. every custom is in the absence of Mrs. William Edgar the melting pot. Youth is eager.

Geil, president of the Federation who There is need not of blind credulity was detained by illness, Mrs. Daniel but a faith, open-eyed, unafraid. In J. Fleming was the very gracious pre- the presence of Jesus Ghrist Dr. Jones siding officer. Mrs. Brennan, the presi- would have us all face this changing dent of the Detroit Federation, was life and to women he made special introduced. Mrs. Thomas Nicholson, appeal to remember what woman owes president of the Woman's Foreign to Jesus. Missionary Society of the Methodist On Monday night a beautiful hour Episcopal Church, member of the In- of music and meditation had been ternational Missionary Council and planned. Mrs. Charles Kirkland Roys 219

and Miss Helen Kitteredge gave out classes, including the farmer commuof the richness of their own lives. nities. It is Mr. Yen's purpose not only to educate, but to Christianize At the annual meeting of the Fed- and one of the most gratifying things eration on Tuesday morning Mrs. J 08- that happened at Detroit was accomephine Stearns, the executive secretary plished by Miss Clementina Butler of the New National Commission of who secured from individuals $500.00 Protestant Church Women, of which with which to put "Happy Childhood," the Federation is a part, spoke of the a Christian magazine, at the disposal work ahead and of the way by which of Mr. Yen in his work among the the women had come to form this masses in China. commission. Much time and thought on the part of the Federation and of Africa and China received special the Council of Women for Home Mis- attention but for the most part the sions have gone into defining the re- time was given to topics of world-wide lationship and it is hoped that the concern. The address of the Reverend real interest of Christian women may J. W. Holley, D.D. was most illumibe set forward in using this new ma- nating and convincing. The other chinery. speakers who had attended the con- ference in Africa testified to what the The joint program of the Foreign presence of Dr. and Mrs. Holley meant Missions Conference began Tuesday to the African people. To see two of afternoon with the prayer service con- their own race so well equipped proved ducted by Bishop Nicholson. Dr. Dif- one of the most striking testimonies fendorfer, chairman of the Committee to the power of the Gospel. Miss on Arrangements, spoke briefly of the Lucy Wang with exquisite simplicity character and purpose of the meeting told how she became a Christian. and expressed the hope that this meet- Many of us felt with the chairman of ing might assume knowledge of the the Conference, Rev. James 1. Vance, Jerusalem recommendations and go D.D., that if we had heard nothing forward to action. Analysis of pres- else at this meeting it was worth the ent trends and attitudes toward For- expense of coming to Detroit to see eign Missions were discussed by Mr. and hear such a Christian leader as C. H. Fahs, Miss Gertrude Schultze, Miss Lucy Wang, President of Hwa Dean T. W. Graham, and the Rev- Nan, the Woman's College in Fooehow. erend E. Stanley Jones. The Christian Message was dis- An outstanding speaker, Mr. Y. C. cussed before the whole group very J ames Yen, who has demonstrated his ably by Dr. Robert E. Speer, Mrs. theories in his own country, spoke on Thomas Nicholson, Dr. Halford E. "Meeting the Needs of Rural Popu- Luceock and in smaller sectional meetlations." Mr. Yen is the originator ings the following topics were conand leader of mass education in China. sidered: Religious Education, Race Many regard his work as one of the Relations, Rural Life, Industry, Home great miracles of modern times. He Cultivation. At the last eveninf~ sesbegan with 300,000 Chinese coolies sion Dr. E. D. Soper spoke on "Inbehind the lines in the Great War in terpreting the New Attitude Toward France-men who could not read or Other Faiths," and Mr. Stanley High write. With 1,000 characters he made on "Interpreting Missions to Young it possible for those men to communi- People." cate with their families. When he returned to China he continued this Dr. Diffendorfer in presenting :1 work and today hundreds of thousands summary of Trends of Thinking dos-d of men and women in China, who with emphasis on ways to meet the grew up in illiteracy, are able to read Hituation. We mUHt get the factH. and write because of the consecration fare them and place them before thp of one man. This movement has public and cooperate in bringing them spread all over China among all to bear on future action.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

The retiring' chairman, Dr. Vance, of many who have not been touched in made a stirring address on the last any other way. The missionary motive morning. His successor, Miss Helen will permeate our churches and our civ- Calder, of the American Board, is the ilization only as it more completely perfirst woman president of the Foreign meates the lives of those who are Missions Conference. The joint meet- responsible for the conduct of missionary ings were closed Friday noon by a work. very inspiring address by Dr. James Endicott of the United Church of Ca- THE STANLEY JONES TESTI. nada. MONIAL DINNER In the afternoon another session of One thousand persons representing the Federation was held with the new president, Mrs. F. I. Johnson, in the twenty-four city, national and interchair, to complete business, accept the report of the Findings Committee an'd national organizations and numerous to hear from that celebrated medical missionary Dr. Ida Scudder something denominations tendered a testimonial of the progress of her work in the past twenty-five years in Vellore. dinner to Dr. E. Stanley Jones, the From no work and no workers to the fine new hospital that provides for 200 missionary, evangelist and author patients and a roadside work where 10,000 to 15,000 are treated annually from India, at the Waldorf-Astoria, is a long journey. Eight Western doctors and two Indian doctors carry New York, on January 11. It was one on. Dr. Scudder is eager to return to India but is in this country now to of the greatest tributes that the city help raise the needed endowment for this hospital. has ever paid to a religious leader.

We may close this report with the Some of his pointed sentences were as following extract from the Findings: follows: – We recommend that the Findings of the Jerusalem Conference be given a "What we are trying to do is to unique and vital place in the study and give India Christ and to let them inthinking of the Boards and of individ- terpret Him through their own genius ual Board members during the coming and life. If the East can show us weeks and months. something better than the Christ then we will sit at the feet of the East." These Findings and reports interpret the challenge of the Gospel message for "One of the first things that impels us here and now in the world as we us as missionaries is a basic belief in actually face it. Far more important men. The missionary enterprise beto the Foreign Missionary enterprise lieves in people, apart from race, birth than methods of education or plans for and color. It says there are no permapromotion of interest; far more im- nently inferior peoples. There are unportant than appeals to others for mon- developed races, but there are untold ey, for service or for life enlistment possibilities in every human personwould be the influence of a great host of ality. A negro preacher to the Amermissionary administrators and Board ican Indians laid the foundation of members whose lives in thought and ac- the missionary work of the Methodist tion constantly and increasingly reveal Church. A Mohammedan looked at the transforming power of Jesus Christ some of the outcastes of India who and His own passion for the redemption had been lifted out of their lowly conof the world. dition by Christian missionaries and said, 'Here you have turned animals We believe that the tender and compell- into men.''' ing force of such a witness as this, together with the new earnestness of in- Dr. Jones also says: "We believe dividual and united prayer which would there are three great elemental needs result, could not fail to carry the mis- of the East and West: an adequate sionary conviction deep into the hearts goal for character; a free, full life; God. We believe that Jesus in a su- preme way gives these three things.

..A brother of Tagore of India said, 'Jesus is ideal and wonderful, but you Christians-you are not like him.'''

AMERICA manlike policies and plans for

winning of America to Jesus Christ. HODle Missions Council Looking forward to this congress the Council is organizing in every state, AT THE Annual Meeting of the either a State Home Missions Coun- .tl Home Missions Council which cil, or as a Federation of Churches, with a strong home missions departwas held in the First Presbyterian ment. Eight new state home missions Church in Atlantic City, New Jersey, councils were organized during the January 8-10, 1929, the magnitude of past year and several others were rethe home mission enterprise was re- organized. Each state is to be survealed anew by the fact that there are veyed in detail, so that complete inseventy-two boards doing home mis- formation will be available concerning sionary work, and, of these, twenty- what has been done and what ought to eight report 15,608 workers, 28,175 be done, overlapping, underchurching, enterprises apd an expenditure of etc. The survey of New Hampshire forty-four and one-half million dol- has been completed and the report in lars. This work supports 14,721 printed form is available. Three comchurches and 6,847 preaching sta- missions, with more than one hundred tions. Truly the home missionary en- members, under strong leaderships, terprise is a great one. It is, as the are studying "The Task and Adminissecretary said, "big business." tration of Home Missions," "The Promotion of Home Missions," and The unfinished task of home mis- "Cooperation in Home Missions." sions was shown by the large number These commissions will report their of people in the homeland, divided into findings and make suggestions to the groups by language, occupation or lo- Washington Congress, so that a more cation, who are under-privileged, not united and adequate approach may be so much from the financial and social, made by Protestantism to the common as from the religious viewpoint. The task of making America Christian. list of these groups which are either wholly neglected or inadequately ministered to, religiously, is longer, and their needs are greater, than we are accustomed to think. The special at- AD1erican Jews tention of the Council was directed to these groups in both city and country, T HE United States had at the end and the facts presented revealed the of 1927 a Jewish population of 4,- situation that the unfinished task of 228,029, according to Dr. H. S. Linhome missions is still very great, and field, director of the statistical departthat the needs are demanding. ment of the American Jewish· Com- mittee. Many interesting facts have Plans for a better knowledge of the been brought to light. field of home missions and a more adequate occupation of the field were Not only has the United States by given the major emphasis of the Coun- far the largest Jewish population of cil. In 1930 there will be held in any country in the world, but this is Washington, D. C., a National Inter- even more phenomenally the most denominational Home Missions Con- prosperous. New York has 1,765,000 gress. The purpose of the Congress Jews-the largest community of Jews is to make a study of home mis- known in the history of the race. sionary needs and to outline states- While the Jews are still largely an 222

WORLb-WIlYE OUTLOOK

urban people, there is a marked tend- not a byword of reproach."-Record .

ency to disperse and move to smaller of Christian Work.

towns and rural areas. Jews are found in 3,943 rural incorporated vil- A Bottle Evangelist lages of 2,500 or less, and in 3,292 un- PROBABLY no method of spreading incorporated districts. Many of these the Gospel is more unique than the are engaged in agriculture. one followed by Miss Juniata Angle- myer, for forty years a helpless in- The total number of Jews in the valid of Fremont, Nebraska. Her United States is divided as follows: method is to seal printed tracts in bottles, and cast them on the waters 109,600 in rural areas. of the Platte River. She believes that 185,967 in towns of 2,500 and over. if anyone will read even a small por- 3,932,462 in cities of 25,000 and tion of Scripture the Truth will make over. its own appeal, for did not the Mas- More than two-thirds of entire J ew- ter say: "The words that I speak unto ish population reside in these eleven cities.

New York ……………. , 1,765,000 you, they are the spirit and they are Chicago ………………. 325,000 life." Philadelphia …………… 270,000 While in her teens, Miss Angle- Boston ……………….. 90,000 myer contracted arthritis, and for Cleveland …………….. 85,000 Detroit ………•……… 75,000 twenty-three years she lay in a Day- Baltimore .. :………….. 68,000 ton, Ohio hospital. By patient per- Los Angeles …………… 65,000 severance she has learned to write with an almost useless hand, her let- Newark. … ………… … 65,000 Pittsburgh ……………. 53,000 St. Louis …………….. , 50,000 ters so filled with light and the spirit -Our Jewish Neighbors. of faith that their influence is felt in far off places. It is a matter of pride The Negro Boy's Oa.th with her that she has improved and NEGRO boys are being taught the extended her work, sealing her bottles following oath, it is said: with waterproof material so that the "I will never bring disgrace upon contents may remain legible after bemy race by any unworthy deed or dis- ing in the water for years. Some honorable act. I will live a clean, de- have been tossed into the Pacific in cent life, and will ever respect and de- the hope that they may be washed to fend the virtue and honor of woman- some foreign shore, and she has had hood. I will uphold and obey the just letters of thanks, giving proof that laws of my country and of the com- her messages had been found.-The munity in which I live, and will en- King's Business.

courage others to do likewise. I will not allow prejudice, injustice, insult A New Mormon Utopia A or outrage to cower my spirit or sour NEW type of Utopia, in which every worker will be taxed all of my soul, but will ever preserve the inner freedom of heart and conscience. his earnings above the amount neces- I will not allow myself to be overcome sary to provide a living for his family, of evil, but will strive to overcome evil is to be established on a tract of 11,000 with good. I will endeavor to develop acres recently purchased in the Ozark and exert the best powers within me Mountains by the Reorganized Church for my own personal improvement, of Latter Day Saints. The colony, al- and will strive unceasingly to quicken though operated along communistic the sense of racial duty and responsi- lines, will depend upon the religious bility. I will in all these ways aim to standards of members rather than on uplift my race, so that to every one economic laws for success. Announce- bound to it by ties of blood it shall ment of the project came from Dr.

become a bond of ennoblement, and Frederick M. Smith, President of the

Latter Day Saints' Church, and direct the U. S. The American Missionary descendant of .Toseph M. Smith, one Association has cooperated with this of the founders of the Monnon student group in looking into social Church. and economic conditions. Recently, the Chinese Student Christian Asso- In the Ozark Zion every member ciation has decided to appoint a secrewill be protected with life insurance tary to give more special attention to and financed by the colony. Members this work. It is an axiom that the of the colony will own their own most effective work is done by the houses, but schools, churches, public nationals themselves, and it is signifiutilities, and public enterprises will be cant that those who have enjoyed privowned by boards of trustees. ileges are feeling this responsibility for others. Indians and President Coolidge United Home Missions in Canada. PRESIDENT COOLIDGE, when he visited the Sioux tribe of Indians THE United Church of Canada has at Pine Ridge Reservation, was pre- 1,571 Home Mission fields with 4, sented with a memorial by a. group of 368 preaching places, constituting Christian Indians which was in truth about 56% of the preaching points in a challenge to Home Missions. Part the whole Church. Since the General of it is as follows: Council meeting in June, 1926, 375 fields have been taken off the list of You have seen much of war paint and those receiving aid, having reached feathers and dances. These are all things the status of self-support, and 285 new of yesterday, which mean little today and fields have been opened with an averwill mean nothing tomorrow. The hope age of between three and four preachof our people lies in education, industry ing points in each. The United and religion, and we pray that you will Church has thus occupied new Home help us find these necessities for a use- Mission territory within two years at ful life. Give to us, great Father, un- more than 1,000 points in Canada. derstanding, sympathy and protection. In the America which was ours before Re-arrangement of fields and amalit was yours we desire to take our place gamations of for mer competitive in the ranks of Christian citizenship. Home Mission charges, rendered pos- sible by a Union of the churches, are -Woman's Missionary Magazine. responsible for sixty-five charges reaching self-support during the past Mexican Texans year, w hi I e thirty-two additional charges have by normal growth and FEW realize the significance of the the prosperity of the country also fact that from one-seventh to one- ceased receiving aid. The Board of fifth the population of Texas, or 750,- Home Missions expends more than one 000 to 1,000,000, are Mexican. The and one-quarter million dollars animmigration increase is probably 30,- nually. 000 a year, and of this about 90% from the ranks of the unskilled. The LATIN AMERICA Southern Presbyterian Church endeavors to turn this situation into an Fifty Years in Mexico asset, with a result of 40 organized churches, 18 ministers and 2,246 MISS ALICE J. McCLELAND, church members. In our Baptist writing for the Christian Obmission at Waco, Texas, 700 converts server, makes the following comments have been made in 15 years. on the results of fifty years' effort to- ward the evangelization of our neigh- Help for Chinese Com:mnnist. bor to the South: DURING the past few years, Chi- Evangelical missionaries began work- nese students in America, have ing in Mexico over fifty years ago and begun to concern themselves in behalf of unprivileged groups of their own people in the Chinese communities of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

have devoted themselves to preaching the turn. It has proved that it can sur- Gospel, to education and to healing. vive a crisis, and native pastors are Much effort has been expended in the t a kin g an increasingly important circulation of the Bible, which was an al- share in the work. most unknown Book, even to the priests. Today there are enough Evangelical The fourth group affected by the law comprises occult sects, such as Christians in the country to make their Spiritualists and Theosophists, who influence felt in all phases of life. There evade restrictions by calling themare churches which are entirely self- s e I v e s philosophic organizations. supporting, and the different church or- These sects also satisfy the craving of ganizations are rapidly becoming self- the masses for the miraculous. governing and self-propagating. The function of foreign missionaries has been changing and many readjustments have been made and will have to be made to meet these conditions. But they are con- Progress in Central America ditions due to the success of the enterprise, and the readjustments necessary ON MY trip into Central America can be made with thankful hearts. and Mexico, I was rejoiced to see the wonderful progress made in the The following quotation from a let- past eight years. In one district ter from the field will show how the where eight years ago there were not Mexican ministers are carrying for- more than twelve preaching places to ward their part of the task: the Indians, today there are eighty- In the country districts the prospects four. In another district where there for the acceptance of the Gospel are es- were seventy or less, there are more pecially promising. In one congregation than one hundred and fifty. Then there about twenty-five miles below one of the were less than seven hundred Indians stations, on the railroad, fifty-four adults were baptized a month ago. This is a in the entire country who had been . congregation that the Mexican pastor has reached, while now there are eight largely cultivated under the guidance of thousand or more among three tribes. The missionaries told me that where the Holy Spirit, though the missionaries have given a little assistance. He has Spanish churches had become dead and moribund, when the Indians begreat enthusiasm for the work out in the gan to be reached, the Spanish small villages. He has recently opened churches became alive and active. In up work in several villages near Lake parts of the country where eight years Patzcuaro where the Tarasco Indians live. In one village 200 were present one night, and in another 150. In two of the villages the Indians have moved the organs of the Catholic church down ago there were practically no Indian near the door, and our preachers have Christians, today there are about fifty used them for teaching Gospel hymns. organized churches.-L. L. LEGTERS, There are no priests to visit the villages, Pioneer Mission Agency.

and in most of the places no one has education enough to conduct a Catholic Bible Selling in Panama service.

Mexico in TraD$ition I T IS proverbially difficult to sell Bi- bles in Catholic lands and in about THE constitutional provisos regard- 90 per cent of our calls we sell nothing. ing worship and the Mexican gov- If I fail to make a sale I leave a Scripernment's edict of June, 1926, affects ture portion if the occupants can read at least four religious groups in Mex- or will receive it. In the province of ico. The Roman Catholics have been Chiriqui in the republic of Panama in led to open revolt, in some sections as three months' work I left 9,942 por- yet unsuppressed. The assassination tions of the Word of God, much of it of General Obregon is but a single in- in places never hitherto visited. Dur- cident of the rebellion. ing July we held street meetings in The civil authorities are hoping for the City of Colon, which is perhaps the success of an independent Mexican for its size the wickedest city in the Church, while for the most part Prot- world. During that month we dis- estantism has taken an encouraging tributed 3,657 portions of the Word in 5

English, Spanish, French, Yiddish, olic Missionary Society has been Chinese, Italian, and many of the lan- formed, a holiday decreed called "The guages of India. Day of the Gospel" and a prominent man of letters has written a book I took the trouble for a day and a entitled "The Invisible Christ." Prothalf to gather the statistics of why estant Sunday-school methods, even people do not buy our Scriptures. In tent meetings have been used. But twelve hours' work I had 240 pros- such aggressive tactics are better than pects, which classified as follows: the former dead materialism. The door of opportunity will swing open, 50 hindered by poverty. and must not be allowed to close. 24 promised to find me later. 14 homes, no responsible person. EUROPE 2 poor eyesight. A FamJly of Eight Thousand 18 downright fanatics. 26 absolutely indifferent. T o FEED, clothe, house and edu- 3 sickness. cate 8,000 boys and girls is no light 30 already had Testaments. undertaking, even in these days of 43 could neither read nor write. wonders. That is the daily task of 5 could not classify. Dr. Barnardo's Homes. 25 bought Scriptures. It was in the early 'sixties when That is a pretty good average cross- the late Dr. Barnardo laid down his section of conditions in Central Amer- now famous Charter: "No destitute ica.-R. C. H. in The Word of Life. child ever refused admission."

Broadcasting the Gospel In the sixty-two years since then, the tally of orphan and destitute little WE USE our Radio transmitter to ones admitted to Dr. Earnardo's carry the message to invisible Homes has reached the high figure of audiences in the Argentine. There 105,500. Over 2,000 boys and girls are now more than twenty-five re- and babies entered the "Ever-Open ceiving stations in this city with from Door" in 1927, and the present numsix to eight loud speakers. When I ber of the family is almost 8,000, transmit they can hear nothing else some hundreds of whom are crippled from other parts, so they have to hear or afflicted in various ways.-The for at least one hour on the nights Christian. of transmission. The new bishop has also a fine receiving station with his Salvation Army Rule RefOrn1 aerial wire from the tower of the Cathedral. We avoid all possible al- I N SAILING for England, National lusions to the church or their doc- Commander Evangeline Boo t h trines, and seek only to present Christ sent a long wireless message to the through simple explanation of the way New York Times, dated December 22d. of Salvation, illustrations and Gospel The substance of it was this: When singing. Sometimes my wife or I give the great founder died, he left to the a Gospel solo, and sometimes sing to- Army the rule that he was to be sucgether. ceeded by his son and that future leaders were to be appointed on lines Rome Wakes Up in Argentine of nepotism. Since then, the organ- ization has spread over the world, to NEITHER Evangelical Christianity mission lands in particular. Miss nor the Roman Church has flour- Booth radioed the following and much ished in Argentina, but within the more: "I feel the onerous responsibilyear has come a singular awakening, ity laid upon me and my five Amerinot as a furtherance of the true Gos- can commissioners of representing the pel, but as an attack against Protes- United States on the High Council of tantism and the United States, as its the Salvation Army, consisting of promotors frankly aver. A new Cath- sixty-three delegates from all parts of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the world, which will assemble on Jan- Finnish Misslon Progress uary 8th in London. The task allotted to the Council is to harmonize the SINCE its organization in 1859, the present constitution of our organiza- Finnish Missionary Society of tion with a broader form of govern- Helsingfors has extended its operament which will put into force a tion into provinces of Hunan and long-looked-for measure of reform, in- Hupeh, China, into Palestine, where creasing both individual and collective work is done among the Moslems and responsibility for the salvation of the Jews, and into Amboland in southbodies and souls of men." west Africa. In addition, the society maintains city and home mission The Salvation Army officials here work in Finland. The first Finnish believe that this means the deposition missionaries were sent to Amboland of her brother, General Bramwell just sixty. years ago, in 1868. The Booth, who has been in feeble health beginnings were not promising: the for two years, and her appointment first baptisms were not administered as head of the world-wide Army, until 1883, missionaries were few, and though she rejects the latter proposi- the support from home was inadetion. Manifest fitness for leadership quate. But God has greatly blessed and world-wide policies should dom- the field, especially during the last ten inate the new General, and not the years. In 1907 there were 1,661 Chriscontinuance of the old "Dynasty" tians; in 1917 there were 3,400, and scheme, they ·think. in 1927 there were 21,037, with over 2,000 catechumens and 6,112 pupils Italian Fascist Youth Organizations in elementary and other schools. Be- sides fifty-one European workers, T HE following figures give an idea there are now more than 260 native of the extent to which the Italian workers, of whom seven are ordained Fascists Movement has permeated the ministers. The Bible is translated in youth of Italy, and of the systematic Ndonga, but only the New Testament, efforts which it is making to train the Psalms and the books of the major the new generation in the Fascist prophets are printed. A bi-monthly spirit: religious paper is published. The schools have received no grants from Men Fascists ………….. . 1,027,010 the British Administration, but some Women Fascists ……….. . 88,006 grants of drugs. have been received "Young Italians" ………. . 66,253 for medical. work, and, from this year, "Little Italians" ……….. . 365,781 a grant of 300 pounds for hospital University Groups ……… . 16,965 upkeep in Ndonga.-N. L. C. B. Avanguardisti …………. . 325,127 Balilla •……………….. 780,937 Total ……………….. 2,670,078 If to this total are added those en- An Anti-Religious Campaign rolled in the various national syndicates and Fascist associations under ANTI-RELIGIOSNIK, the anti-rethe direct control of the party, the ligious newspapers of Moscow, retotal number would be 6,814,703. ports that anti-religious propaganda in Russia is carried on with special Spiritual and religious education is intensity during the time of the in the hands of 560 chaplains. By a Church festivals, as for instance at recent decree four naval training ships Christmas-tide. Anti-religious "cells" have been placed at the disposal of are formed or re-adapted for the camthe National Balilla organization for paign; anti-religious wall-newspapers the naval divisions of the Balilla and are published; preparatory lectures Avanguardisti. The total number of and talks are given, social evenings 'camps organized during the summer planned, special excursions and amusewas 120, with an attendance of more ments prepared for the children's holithan 50,000 boys and young men. days-skiing parties, skating, games,

cinemas, athletics, competitions, etc., of 250 members and stand for high to counteract religion. morality. I addressed them twice, and the questions after my talk re- The preparatory work in the schools vealed discontent and a desire to reand in the groups consists in talks form their lives. One liberal Moslem given to the children before they sep- offered personal help in establishing arate for the holidays. Attention is a night school, saying: 'I desire an drawn to the customs and habits con- effort to reform the inner life of my nected with the festival, and to the people.' Two others asked for 200 evil effects, and competition is organ- tracts to distribute in their tobacco ized on the subject, "Why is Religion factory, one writing in the back of harmful?" the children being required a tract: 'I will honor all who serve to give written or oral answers. Humanity. I should like to be one.' Christmas Eve "socials" are arranged, beginning at an hour which would "In Comotini I was introduced to a prevent the children from going to sheik who said: 'I cannot but admit church. that we leaders of Islam have made mistakes and wronged our people, who Russian "League of Death" now must pay for it.'

PRESS dispatches report an epi- "Many of the Turks are pure ma- demic of suicides among the youth terialists, and fear that religious bein certain parts of Russia. A "League lief-superstition they call it-will of Death," which caused eleven young keep the people from advancing in Communists to take their own lives civilization." -News Sheet. during the last summer and autumn, has been discovered in the far off AFRICA town of Liesva, in the Urals. Suicides of some of the most active mem- Revolutionizing Al Azhar, Cairo bers of the local branch of the Communist youth had been occurring ONE of the most numerously atfor several months before it was real- tended universities of the world, ized that the movement for self-de- visited by many travelers to Egypt, struction was organized. The results is the Mohammedan University in of an investigation have been pub- Cairo, Al Azhar. And now, wonder lished in detail in the Moscow Com- of wonders! if proposed plans come munist Youth Pravda. to fruition great changes are con- templated. At a gathering of the high Inquiries revealed that f. pessimistic Ulemas (a combination of a D.D. and atmosphere had suddenly enveloped Ph.D. among Moslems), the present in its black folds a large section of Grand Mufti (officer in Moslem courts the most intelligent young people. who interprets the Koranic law), the They assembled to read strange poetry Grand Sheikh of the University, and and to discuss the futility of exist- others, totaling 180, have decided upence and of striving. They decided on drastic reforms in this University, that life was not worth living and which was founded 976 years ago, and glorified death as the only sensible still is the principal seat of Islamic and beautiful thing. learning. It is proposed to change the institution from a medireval Islamic Student Work in Greece religious school to a modern university based on European ideals. The Uni- MR. PHILOTHEOS ZIKAS gives versity will be placed under the con- an account of his second sum- trol of the Minister of Education, like mer's work in Greece. other Egyptian schools. Those seek- ing to enter will be required to pass "The first city visited was Xanthie. an examination and show proficiency. Irreligious teaching finds good ground in elementary subjects and to know there, yet there is a yearning for half the Koran. The native press is something better. Young M()slems not in favor of the changes, as "savorhave organized a Temperance Society

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing too much of the influence of Tur- particulars, found in the Woman's key." Recently a thousand Bibles Missionary Magazine. "On October have been ordered for distribution in seventh, His Highness received the Al Azhar for the study of compara- crown and became henceforth His tive religion. Majesty, King of Ethiopia. The serv- ice was most impressive and was Isla:m in Egypt. viewed with interest. At midnight, ANUMBER of proposals for the accompanied by his chiefs and near modernizing of EI Azhar Univer· friends he went to a holy church, near sity, Cairo, are under discussion, and the Empress's Palace-all churches in it is expected that many of them will Ethiopia are not equally sacred; those be put into execution. They comprise: supposed to have been visited by some the using of the HEI Azhar" Mosque saint are especially holy. From mid- for worship only, the purpose for night until dawn there was a religious which it was originally built in 970 ceremony, chanting of the priests, A. D. and the building of four large burning of scented tapers, holy colleges in the neighborhood for the dances and all the ceremony of the educational activities which are at Coptic Church. From the Church they present carried on in the Mosque; proceeded to the Empress's Palace the translation into Arabic from mod- where the Empress was to place the ern European languages of a number crown. This ceremony was viewed of scientific' and other books which only by the chiefs of the land and the may be of use to the students; the Foreign Minister of each of the For- introduction into the curriculum of eign Legations there." Then as the the study of comparative religion, procession started back to the church, which would include the study of that this coronation might receive the Judaism and Christianity. blessing and sanction of the church- Signs of a tendency towards en- for State and Church are one-the forcing Islam more rigorously in Empress stood with a little handful of Egypt and for propagating it abroad, personal servants while all the crowd may be seen in the recent decision of followed the new King.

the Ulema in Egypt that in accord- ance with the Sharia Law an unmar- The Congo Jubilee Conference P ried Moslem woman has no right of ROTESTANT missions in the Congo celebrated the fiftieth anfreedom until she is past marriageable age, but is the absolute property niversary of their establishment by of her legal guardians. This decision a general conference which convened was given in the case of a young in Leopoldville September 16th and woman who wished to become a Chris- continued until September 24th.

tian. It is clearly contrary to the There were 190 delegates, composed Constitution of 1922, which guaran- of missionaries and missionary secre- tees liberty of conscience, religious taries. More than twenty boards were liberty, and individual freedom, and represented, including Baptist, Pres- reveals an important contradiction be- byterian, Methodist, Lutheran, Breth- tween the religious and the civil law. ren, Disciples, Mennonites, and Chris- It yet remains to be seen whether the tian Alliance, representing churches religious law will continue to prevail. in Europe and America, met together There is also a proposal to send Mos- for days of prayer and conference.

lem emissaries to Europe to spread Swedes, Belgians, North Americans, the principles of Islam. Englishmen, Negroes worked togeth- er harmoniously and united in cele- Royal Enthronement in Ethiopia brating the Lord's Supper on Sunday PROBABLY those who have seen afternoon, when the communicants accounts of the coronation of the were served by a Congregational King of Ethiopia have not read these American, a' Belgian preacher, a

French preacher; a Liberian layman, Ohio, has contracted with the Governa negro from Boston, a Swede preach- ment of Liberia for a ninety-nine year er and a Scotchman.-O. E. Goddard. lease of 1,000,000 acres of land suit- able for a rubber plantation. The MiS8iOJ~1I VB. Slavery company plans to spend $100,000,000 in clearing the jungle, and to employ SPEAKING at the Congo Jubilee 350,000 Liberian laborers. Hand in Exhibition in the Central Hal!, hand with this must go the develop- Westminster, M. Ramsay MacDonald ment of roads, harbors, water systems declared: "As soon as the missionary and argicultural methods. Above all appears shwery is doomed. I do not there must be an educational system. say that it is doomed in 24 hours, Mr. Harvey Firestone, president of but I do say the presence of the mis- the company, is cooperating with missionary has this effect, explain it as sionary agencies in outlining plans you may-that from the moment he for such a system. The development becomes a part of the atmosphere of of village life, a higher standard of a race, slavery dwindles and educa- home life, the various facilities for tion begins. Men whose lives have welfare all afford opportunity for the been long lived in the atmosphere of work of the Church. Those who know ignorant superstition and mortal ter- the typical African village will rejoice ror, are enabled to lift up their heads in this experiment. and to discover that there is something giving them 'power, enabling them to Wireless in Uganda walk about with heads uplifted, obedient to the law, but not victims of the AFEW years ago people in Central law, enabling them not only to look Africa did not dream of the posout on the world but within them- sibility of hearing a voice from Lonselves. There begins responsible care, don, but today, those who find their which at last emerges into a concep- life's work in Uganda, are able to tion of the responsibilities of useful- listen in to concerts broadcast from ness, lending them the idea of London. responsibility to the universe. I think the missionary requires no further A gift from Australia of a wireless justification. We who have been called apparatus to missionaries in Uganda upon to attend to the secular affairs has made this communication a realof life rather than the spiritual, will ity. never fail to be grateful, I hope, to the missionaries who have carried in- "Now each evening from Monday to effect the gospel of human justice to Friday, we are able to listen in to as well as of spiritual power. Do not London's music," says Mrs. Rogers, forget that the fabric of social organ- writing in the Church Missionary ization-justice, order, law, rectitude, Gleaner. Last Sunday we heard the and uprightness cannot be defended closing hymn and voluntary from unless we keep before our minds that "somewhere," so we are hoping to be mere material interests and powers able to hear the whole service next must not govern this country or the week. What would David Livingstone world, but that the great eternal im- and Stanley think could they revisit pulses of spirituality must guide and the "Dark Continent" today and find guard us."-South African Outlook. in this district alone seven wireless stations. New Day in Liberia Winning Pyglllies Through Sleep AN EXPERIMENT in Liberia, the ftfirst in history to combine a com- T HE Negro, Canon Apolo, is the mercial and educational program, will Church Missionary Society's head be watched with interest. The Fire- of missionary work for these little stone Rubber Company of Akron, men of Equatorial Africa. He writes to Rev. A. B. Lloyd, who had been aiding him in his work, as follows:

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"I must tell you at once that your WESTERN ASIA visit has been greatly blessed to the pygmies. They have now very much Emancipation of the Moslem increased in numbers, and they are always talking of the love you showed MUSTAPHA KEMAL, in officially to them, especially by your sleeping adopting the alphabet used by in their village with them. This, they all the Western nations, takes another say, is a great wonder and surprise tremendous step toward the ultimate to them all, and as a result they have emancipation of the Moslem. With all decided to read God's Word and that comes his insistence that all must they will not allow their [Negro] learn to read with the new letters. teacher to leave them for a moment; He deplores the illiteracy of his peothey read the Book by night and day. ple. Should he succeed in opening up I went back to see them after you had to his people the whole wealth of gone, and I find there many who now literature of the West there will be really believe in Jesus Christ. I must set in motion forces that will eventuconfess that I am amazed at the bless- ate in religious freedom and the disings that have come to us as a result integration of Islam. of your viBit …… I do not hesitate to say that God, the Holy Spirit, was The move among the adjoining Moswith you and he came down with su- lem peoples is in the same direction. preme power' upon the people. When Persia and Afghanistan are being they came to me in such numbers' to powerfully influenced by the touch of be written down for baptism, I knew the great nations of the world to more that they were sent by God the Holy enlightened policies. Spirit." All these matters are of tremendous A Movement in South Africa import to the Church of Christ, and it looks as though in this sphere the AREMARKABLE religious move- political programs of the prophets are ment has been inaugurated at moving to rapid fulfilments. Rhodes University College, Grahamstown, and in other places in South Af- The New Alphabet for Turkey rica through the visit of a party of seven men from Oxford who have BEGINNING December I, all Turkspent their long vacation in the Union ish newspapers appeared in Latwith a view to sharing with others in characters, leaving thousands of their new-found experience of God. readers without news because the From each place they have visited ex- Turkish public., already eighty per cent traordinary reports have come of their illiterate in the discarded Arabic charwork and influence, says the South acters, has been unable as yet to be- African Outlook. come literate in the Latin characters. The nation is studying hard at adult Grahamstown was greatly stirred night schools under a special corps of and to many of the students there the teachers. Angora has started a pareligion of Jesus Christ has become triotic effort whereby all literates are the supreme concern in life. The voluntarily teaching their illiterate preaching of the men from Oxford neighbors. Mustapha Kemal, the contains nothing new but they em- President, has set an example in perphasize, with a freshness and telling sonally giving lessons to his ministers power, truths that have been the back- and entourage in the Latin alphabet. ground of every religious awakening Advantage has been taken of radio, since the days of the early Church. and twelve thousand teachers have This development among students in been used in giving the necessary in- Grahamstown and elsewhere will be struction, and 1,000 Government emwatched with close interest. ployees were threatened with dis- charge if they didn't become proficient in using the new characters in two months. "The Ottoman language died

with the Ottoman Empire," the Gov- they like. The present Minister of ernment radio broadcast said. "The Education has granted to missionary Arabic characters are unfitted for the schools a fair measure of liberty in needs of expression in modern civili- adapting the curriculum which is enzation." Mustapha Kemal is destroy- forced throughout all schools in Pering old Turkey and upon its ruins he sia, to fit in with their educational is seeking to build a new civilization. ideals. The women of Turkey also are coming out of all their old prison houses of Progress in A1'abia ignorance and bondage into the light of a new day. The entire nation is rrHE Arabian Mission has reopened being rejuvenated and Kemal is urg- a medical work that has been ing them forward with all his power. With hot impatience he is making a closed for fifteen years. Dr. P. W. clean sweep of old customs and habits Harrison was appointed to Matrah in which shackled Turkey and impeded it, the Province of Oman and began a and separted it from an advancing dispensary and in-patient department. world. The things which Kemal is doing in a day seemed formerly impos- Matrah is a twin city of Muscat sible of accomplishment in a century. and is the head of the caravan route -United Presbyterian. to the whole hinterlanu. Dr. Harrison hopes to reach many of the Oman Reform Movement in PerAia. villages with the Gospel by combined medical and evangelistic touring. T HE reform movement is making headway. A number of students At Basrah the Mission is expecting are going to Europe to study, the law to put up a building to accommodate courts are being reorganized, the cul- the school for girls. The desire for tivation of opium is being controlled, a modern education is increasing in measures for the improvement of pub- all the Arabian Mission stations. An lic health are to be enforced. Evidence Arab ruler recently stated that he is of the strength of the Nationalist determined that his son shall have a Movement may be discovered in the thoroughly English education no matdismissal of the American financial ter how much opposition comes from adviser, the abolition of the capitula- conservative elements. Schools have tions, the demand that Persia should been established in villages that never control her own education system, the had them before. They are schools movement for unity within the Chris- of the old type, but they decrease tian Church. illiteracy, and open the door to all Arabic literature. The Mission has This Nationalist Movement does not schools for boys in four stations and appear to be necessarily anti-foreign for girls in two. or anti-Christian. There is clear evidence that the Persian Government is The missionaries at Kuwait have not going to insist, as at first seemed made medical and evangelistic visits likely, on the teaching of the Koran to several of the villages situated at in missionary schools. The present distances from the central town. Minister of Education has shown him- These give good opportunities for the self more tolerant towards missionary distribution of literature, and as the activity than his predecessor. Books trips can be made by motor car, the containing extracts from the Bible regular work is not interrupted.-E. may be employed in school hours, E. Calverly. though the actual teaching of the Bible is forbidden. It is also permitted Sky-Rocket Reforms in Afghanistan in school to teach the lives of great men and prophets; while out of school ANOTHER man has tried to "hustle hours missionaries may teach what tl.the East" and as a result has been hustled off his throne. When the thir- ty-six-year-old Afghan King Amanul- lah returned to Kabul from Europe with his modernized Queen Souriya,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

he realized that his country, Afghan- Indian clergyman, and two lay helpers. istan, was backward. He proclaimed 'rhe need for more workers is great. many reforms, including new taxes, exploitation of the country's national Christianity in India resources, development of commerce, compulsory military service, the aboli- MR. NATARAJAN, Editor of the tion of polygamy and of the veil for Indian Social Reformer, writes women, modern education for both in reply to an essay by Robert Smith men and women, European hats and Wilson on "The Indirect Effects of other clothes in place of turbans and Christian Missions in India." robes, and the introduction of many modern scientific improvements. But "The message of Jesus Christ whenthe people are all Mohammedans and ever and wherever delivered, without are slow to move in the direction of ulterior objects and simply as a mesreform. Turb.ans are related to their sage, has been welcomed everywhere religion, as are many of their old with open minds and grateful hearts. time customs. Young men rebelled In proselytising missions, the religious against military service and dress re- purpose is overlaid with many secular form; husbands and fathers rebelled purposes, personal, economic, and even against modernizing women; mullahs political …… India has accepted and other religious leaders rebelled Christ but has rejected Christianity against secularization of the state and …… What India has done is to take declared that the King and Queen Jesus and the organization apart, and, were "possessed of the devil." while absorbing the former into her religious consciousness, has utilized As a result Amanullah abdicated in the latter for lessons, which she sorefavor of his older brother, Inayatul- ly needs in organization for social lah, a religious devotee with four work …… We do not think that an wives and twenty concubines, and fled Indian Christianity will ever arise from the capital. Now this elder from the ashes of foreign religions. brother has been deposed by the rebel What is happening is that the old chieftain. The process of reform will religions are gaining a new life from be more successful through the plant- contact with the teachings of Jesus ing of truth, like a grain of wheat, Christ." and awaiting the harvest. A Stewardship Campaign in India INDIA AND SIAM SECRETARY D A V I D McCON- A New Community in India AUGHY is now conducting a Stewardship Campaign among the AvAST area in the Multan district churches, mainly Presbyterian, but in of the Punjab, India, has, during the United Church of India (North) the past six or seven years, been irri- J,S well. His first report from his ingated with canals, and thousands of itial meetings says: "There has been acres of land have been brought un- much prayer and expectant faith, and der cultivation. As a result of this when the time came, the effect was at development thousands of colonists once evident. Pastors, elders, teachhave flocked to the district, and among ers, catechists, Bible women, as well them some two thousand Christians. as missionaries from the nearer sta- But, in spite of the fact that the tions, gathered from more than a Church Missionary Society is carry- score of churches. Sunday the attending on work in this district, scarcity ance numbered 487, not counting of workers means that the responsi- children, 218 having come from outbility of caring for and ministering side and the distance averaging 35 to this Christian community, and of miles for the 23 places represented." winning others from the newcomers rests upon 'One missionary, one aged Mr. McConaughy shows the reasons for questioning the value of such a

campaign among India's poverty- Lord know in non-Christian lands, to stricken lower classes who make up build up a system of purely secular eduthe bulk of Indian Christians. "The cation: And membership of the Church in India is drawn almost entirely from the lower 2. Whereas, under the various reguclasses, socially and economically. The lations for the registration of schools margin of income over the actual cost in China both the academic and religious of subsistence is very narrow. The liberty of the schools is seriously curbetter educated naturally aspire to an tailed: improved scale of living, with the consequent increase of expenditure. 3. Therefore, the National Council Inevitably there follows debt in many considers that the following are essencases. Indeed, this condition is quite tial conditions for the registration of common among mission agents. Con- schools supported in whole or in part ditions are very different from those by the aid of the Church in thp. United in the West, and undoubtedly many States, namely: times more difficult." Despite poverty which is here too lightly stressed, 4. That nothing in the regulations or Indian Christian leaders are anxious other requirements under whiCh l'egisto get every possible hint to aid in tration is to he effected shall: leading to increased giving. The Indian Christian Press hails with joy (a ) Forbid an open declaration of this campaign. the Christian character and purpose of the school. Is India Dry? (b) Involve the surrender of the title AN ASTONISHING thing has hap- to or of the control of property. .t.pened in the Punjab. Citizens of the town of Taran have lately secured (c) Impair the authority of the Nafrom the Provincial Government the tional Council, as trustees; through its privilege of holding a local option elec- representatives in China to appoint and tion as to whether liquor shops in the remove directors of the school, to detown should continue to operate. termine its conduct, and to select its Over fifteen hundred voters went to principal and faculty. the polls and voted "dry" to a man. This is probably the most decisive (d) Impair the right of the school to local option vote yet recorded in any teach the Christian religion and t(; procountry. The nearest approach to it vide Christian services as a regular part possibly occurred in Kentucky some of the school life. twenty years ago when about the same number of votes were cast, and all 5. Whenever the Bishop, as the reprewere "dry" excepted those of the two sentative in China of the trustees, finds liquor dealers and their relatives- that all the foregoing conditions can be seventeen in all.-Indwn Witness. fulfilled, the Nation Council of Advice, would be justified in registering the CHINA school.

Registration of Schools in China Reconstruction in China THE following action was taken by I N AN editorial entitled "Watch 1929 the Protestant Episcopal Church in ChinaI" the October number of in their recent convention in Wash- The Chinese Recorder names some reington relative to the demand of China constructive measures that may be that all schools be registered with the looked for in the New Year. We are government. reminded that "a modern leadership is trying to adapt an ancient people 1. Whereal!, it is not the function of to a world situation which itself, as the Church, as it endeavors to make our the age of man goes, emerged but yesterday. Never before did a race face such vast reconstructivl;l urgen- cies and have to meet them in so short a time as is now the case with China." The public interment of Sun Yat Sen on January 1st focused pub- lic attention sharply on his personality and policies. Four of these policies, already in operation, are: A period of political tutelage is being set up; the government proposes to control some important public utilities; the administrative power of the govern-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ment is to be under five councils, Leg- general improvement in the state of islative Executive, Judicial, Examina- the country is being maintained, and tion and Supervisory; China is to be in a considerable measure extended. under a one-party government. The Journeys are undertaken with much Third National Representative Con- sense of insecurity, and at times with gress has been called and plans are a minimum of comfort and convenunder way for the completion of the ience, in spite of which there is abunregistration of schools in 1929 and dant cause for thansgiving and praise for the promulgation of new factory for the large number of our workers laws. who have reached their destinations without loss or hindrance." Peking Now Peiping AS CHRISTIANIA has changed to Should We Withdraw from. China!

W 1".Oslo, and St. Petersburg through HAT ought to be the spirit and the policy of the Home Church Petrograd to Leningrad, so Peking (whose literal meaning is "northern towards these new movements in the capital") will henceforth be known as Chinese field? Principal D. S. Cairns Peiping ("northern peace"). The al- of Scotland, when in China recently teration is due to the fact that Peking had a long talk with a large group has been shorn of its former glory, of Chinese Christians in Peking. I though it may be the seat of the said to these men that my own Church provincial government of Chihli. It (The United Free Church of Scot- is only in foreign newspapers that land) had seven great mission fields; the old name still lingers, and the that it was unfortunately very diffi- removal of the foreign Legations to cult to man them and raise sufficient the new capital, Nanking, is probably money to maintain them; that we only a matter of time. The name had no desire to remain in China "Chihli" has also been changed, per- after it was clear that our time there haps because of its associations with was up; that in that case we would the Chihli, or Northern, party, and throw our energies into other fields the province is now spoken of in Chi- that wanted them more. What did nese newspapers as "Hopeh" (="north they wish me to say to the Church of the river"), just as Honan gains at home?

its name from its position south of the A vigorous-looking young Chinese Yellow River.-China's Millions. was sitting in a corner of the room, "TMissiona.ries Returning to Stations whom the others jocularly referred HERE has been a weekly aver- Principal Cairns and Chinese Leader age of over twenty workers leav- to as the representative of the Kuo- min-Tang, said nothing in answer to ing Shanghai for various parts of the my question, but remained behind. interior," says Mr. Warren of the After the others had gone he said with China Inland Mission in a letter dated deep earnestness, "The missions must November 2d. "There are now about not think of leaving us yet." I said, one hundred and seventy of our sta- "Why do you say that? Do you think tions occupied by missionaries, and Christianity would die out in China approximately six hundred and fifty if we all withdrew?" "No," he said, of our workers at ordinary duties, or "I am not afraid of that. Christianity traveling towards their locations. will never die out now. It is too firm- This shows a great advance on the ly rooted, no matter what happens.

situation six months ago, and we hope But what t am afraid of, if you do for a steady improvement during the leave us now, is that it would sink to winter. Eighty-five missionaries are the level of one religious sect among now returning from the home lands others, and that it would accept that and fifty-seven new arrivals during position. But if you stay twenty-five the last three months of the year. The years longer with us, it will be strong

and mature enough to go ahead and ty years science has been the foundawin the whole people. tion of education in Japan, but now the educators have discovered that No one of the group expressed a with the emphasis of science on ma- desire to have the missionaries leave terialism, Marxianism has found easy China.-The Record. entrance, and they are turning back to religion. Chinese Church Progress Another reason that Mr. Kagawa THE first annual report of the gives for the turning of Japanese ed-· Church of Christ in China has ucators to religion as a basis lies in many points of encouragement. The their devotion to Pestalozzi whose inaverage giving in one Synod of 10,000 fluence has gradually increased in Jamembers is nine dollars per capita. pan. Pestalozzi was a Christian teach- Another Synod has opened a theolog- er, and because he based education on ical school, while still others are ar- religious principles, Japanese educaranging to have Chinese women serve tors have agreed to do so. as elders. In the Swatow District the Christian organization is 60% While an open door is offered to self-supporting. A uniting feature Christianity, the anti-Christian spirit of this united church is the establish- of Bolshevism is also growing. The ment of a central fund, from which Marxists are teaching atheism. The all pastors are paid, thus relieving works of Lenin are atheistic, and so the pastor from urging people to pro- are those of Bucharin and Luccaci, vide his own salary. and others which have been trans- lated into Japanese. Daboring's books JAPAN-CHOSEN against the church and theism have been translated also. If that spirit Chrioltian Opportunity in Japan grows and becomes deeply rooted in the minds of the proletarians, it will ACCORDING to Toyohiko Kagawa, be much more difficult to evangelize Japan's great social worker and Japan. religious leader, the present is the best opportunity that Christianity has A Kor'ean's Im.portunity ever had, to enter the hearts of the Japanese. Two years ago the men, A CHRISTIAN in Andong, Chosen, and last year the women primary had heard the missionary say that school teachers of the Empire met in all believers should have family convention and declared that hence- prayers, so the next morning he said forth religion must be the basis for to his wife, "Let us have family education in Japan. Anyone familiar prayer." She had no intention of bewith the former attitude of educators coming a Christian and ran out of the toward religion will understand this house. Every morning he repeated his change to be revolutionary, for the invitation, and soon she did not run Imperial Rescript has been considered out of the house but only into the a sufficient moral basis, and "religion" kitchen; so he read the Bible in a loud had not been allowed in the schools. voice, and prayed so that she could Religion in this sense does not mean hear. What was the use of running Buddhism or Shintoism, both of which any longer if she was to hear anyway, have been more or less connected with so she began staying in the room, sewthe schools. Christianity, however, ing or working while he read and was formerly opposed because it prayed. Then a woman missionary teaches that God is greater than any came to hold a Bible class, and this earthly sovereign. If Christianity is Christian husband gave his wife monnow sought as a basis for education, ey and sent her off with the other it is partly because some more ade- church women to have a "sightsee" quate authoritative and powerful basis of the foreign lady. While attending is needed for moral character. For six- the class she became a Christian.

WORTH

~M3§ Any bookB mentioned in theBe columnB will be forwarded by UB on receipt of price.-TBE REVIEW.

The Jerusalem Meeting of the Internation- land are exceptionally suggestive and aVloiCs.ou$n7c.i0l,0.MIanrctehrn2a4t-iAonparlil M8,is1s9io2n8a, r8y f rUl'tfuI. There is no better treatment Council, New York City. 1928. of this whole subject in a brief space The June number of the REVIEW than is found here.

presented a full account of the meet- Volume IlIon "The Relation be- ing of the International Council in tween the Younger and the Older Jerusalem last Easter time. The of- Churches," begins with Dr. Warnficial report of the meeting has now shuis's preliminary paper, and pro- been issued in eight attractive and ceeds to the discussions summarized convenient volumes. by Mr. Silcock of the British Friends' The first deals with "The Christian Foreign Mi~sions Association. This Life and Message in Relation to Non- is followed by a paper prepared by Christian Systems of Thought and Archbishop Soderblom of Sweden, an Life." It contains the seven papers address by Bishop Temple and a state- prepared in advance on the "values" ment of the Indian view of the in- of the great non-Christian religions digenous church by Mr. P. A. Philip and on Secularism, also a report of of India. The findings adopted by the the discussions on the subject of the Council is followed by a call for larg- Christian Message and the non-Chris- er and more intelligent support of the tain faiths, three supplementary pa- missionary enterprise by the Western pers written after the meeting by Churches, and a very brief statement three delegates, one of whom was the of relations with the ancient Churches Archbishop of York, William Temple, of the East. A full appendix contains and finally the Statement of the Chris- reports on rmoafnyrepslpaonnssiobfilidteyvotloutitohn~ tian Message unanimously adopted by or transfe the Council. This is the freshest and indigenous churches, and accounts of most courageous treatment of the is- the constitutions of some of the resue of comparative religion which is cently developed churches. The findavailable. It is a tonic reassurance ings reporte~ here correct a good many as to the clear and faithful Christian erroneous vIews on both sides of this principle of the Missionary Enter- question of relationships.

prise. It is an authoritative affirmation Volume IV treats of "The Chris- of the uniqueness and universality, tian Mission in the Light of Race Con- the sufficiency and indispensableness flict." There are four preliminary of the Gospel. papers, three on the relations of the Volume II deals with "Religious white and black races in America and Education." It contains the admirable Africa, and one on the race problem preliminary paper by Professor Weigle on the Pacific Coast of North Ameri- of Yale and Mr. J. H. Oldham, the ca. TtowtohebCrioeufenrcilsbtayteDmr.enJtoshnfoHlloopw~ comments from six mission fields, the made discussions and the statement adopted on the American Negro Problem and by the Council on the subject. The Mr. Max Yergan on The Race Prob- contributions of Dr. Weigle and of lem in Africa, and lastly a summary Canon Raven of the Church of Eng- of the Council's discussion and a state- 237

ment of its findings. Again one must with material for weeks of sermons say that no other book provides in so or study classes or society meetings.

small a space a true Christian view They illustrate the continuing vitality of the fundamental race issue of our of the missionary enterprise. They day. use the vocabulary of our own day Volume V is entitled "The Chris- but they set forth the everlasting Gos- tian Mission in Relation to Industrial pel and the ancient and undying faith.

Problems." The preliminary paper is In this respect they are a good model by William Paton on "Christianity and of the right articulation of old things the Growth of Individualism in Asia and new, of what is abiding and of and Africa," the supplementary pa- new conditions in which that which pers by Dr. Inman on "Missions and is abiding must find its home and be Economics in Latin America" and Mr. given its control. As always many Grimshaw, of the International Labor things are supposed to be new which Office in Geneva, on "Industrial Rev- are not new at all. They are only olution Among Primitive Peoples." deemed new because of our faulty The account of the Council's discus- knowledge of the past. There is no sion is followed by the addresses of greater need in our missionary work Mr. R. H. Tawney and Bishop Mc- today tha,n the need of a more adequate Connell and the findings of the Coun- understanding of the history of for- cil. Here also the word o~ the Council eign missions and the attitudes and was clear and Christian. It dealt with experiences of the men and women principles but did not evaporate them whom we are too easily forgetting.

in generalities. Many of these were among the ablest Volume VI presents a body of new men and women who have ever lived material on "The Christian Mission in and they have wrought with just as Relation to Rural Problems" by Dr. deep interest in realities as any of K. L. Butterfield, Mr. W. J. McKee, us can claim today. Through ignor- Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones, Dr. E. deS. ance, we are running the danger in Brunner, Mr. K. T. Paul of India. our time of cutting the bonds of or- The papers are unusually full. The ganic connection with history in the great majority of the people of the science of missions, as men are not world are country or town and village doing in the physical sciences. In dwellers and any missionary effort to physics and chemistry and mathemat- evangelize the whole world must deal ics the present day investigators are principally with these town and coun- working with a thoroughly competent try folks. knowledge of the past. A great many Volume VII discusses "Interna- of our modern missionary students tional Missionary Cooperation" with are inadequately informed as to the a full paper by Dr. John R. Mott, and past of missions.

studies of the best forms of both na- It would be well if many mission tional and international cooperation. study classes would take up Volume The last volume contains a brief I of this report and spend several history of the Jerusalem meeting and months on its study. Any wise and fourteen of the main addresses at the competent pastor will be able to use Council including the sermons on the at least six volumes of this report in opening and closing Sundays. Some this way.

of the speakers were the Bishop of Only time will show, of course, the Salisbury, Dr. Cheng Ching-yi, Pro- influence that these volumes and the fessor Hocking of Harvard, Dr. John Jerusalem Council itself will exert.

MacKay of South America, Dr. Stan- It is always difficult to tell how far ley Jones of India and Bishop Linton such a gathering is a cause and how of Persia. far an effect; how far, in other words, These eight volumes will provide it represents an originating force re- any minister or missionary society sulting in new conditions and how far

BOOKS WORTH READING

it simply registers the effect of tend- foreign mission work of the Southern encies already in operation. It is in- Presbyterian Church, will want to teresting to note how prone each man read this fine human story. Others is to find what he wants to find in will be deeply interested to know how confirmation of his existing opinions. the missionary work is conducted, At a recent meeting, where delegates what various elements go into deterto the Jerusalem Council made re- mining policies and what a wise leadports, it seemed clear that almost ership can accomplish. everyone brought away from the Council just what he took there. In the Few missionary administrators same way, no doubt, those who read have seen so far and so clearly, the these reports will be tempted to find great objectives of the missionary enin them simply confirmation of the terprise, and none have been more views they already hold.. If they read unselfish in devotion to the larger them carefully, however, they will cer- issues of the Kingdom of God than tainly discover many corrective and the writer of these brief sketches. enlarging emphases, and assuredly the report, as a whole, represents a com- s. G. INMAN. prehensive and transcending view of the missionary enterprise which gath- The Way Out. 98 P]). The Pacific Garden ers into itself many partial and frag- Mission, Inc. Chicago, Ill. 1928. mentary views. ROBERT E. SPEER. Fifty years of continuous service is Behind the Scenes. By Samuel H. Ches- reason enough for the publication of a Memorial Volume, especially when ter, D.D., 12 mo. 145 pp. $1.25. the Mission has been instrumental Austin, Texas. 1928. in the salvation of such men as "Mel" Trotter and William A. Sun- A recent book called "Back-Stage" day, and other well-known Christian is having quite a vogue, because it workers. Dozens of interesting seems to satisfy curiosity as to actors stories are told concerning men and when they are not before the foot- women who came to the Mission in lights. A far more interesting book rags and disgrace, but were saved to many of us is the little volume just and reestablished in honorable posifrom the pen of a beloved secretary tions. There is also a fine history of emeritus of the Presbyterian Church the Mission, its founders and its super- (South) describing many interesting intendents from 1877. Pastors and experiences and recounting memories Christian workers will find much to of a mission board secretary stretch- confirm their faith in the Power of ing over some twenty-five years. They the Gospel to save even those who include events and problems in the seem hopeless. M. T. SHELFORD. history of the Board, such <IS "Polygamy on the Mission Field," "Troubles A Book for Boys and Girls. By John in the Congo," "Inauguration of the Bunyan. Edited by E. S. Buchanan. Cooperative Program in Mexico," 12 colored illus. 124 pp. $1.25. New "The Missionary Side of the Inter- York. 1928. church World Movement," "The Layman's Missionary Movement," and The 300th anniversary of the birth others. of John Bunyan naturally brings a revival of interest in him and his The author tells frankly the inside religious masterpiece, "Pilgrim's story of how a mission board and its Progress," and other writings. The secretaries work, what differences, fact that he wrote "A Book for Boys sometimes violent, develop behind the. and Girls" may not be generally scenes; how both foolish and wise known, certainly not among many decisions are made and the results. of the youth of today. The book was first published in May, 1686, under All who know Dr. Chester, who has the alternative title of "Country recently retired from directing the Rhymes for Children" and now re-

published in attractive form, with deafness, lameness, constant pain, twelve quaint full page illustrationlil in coupled in some cases with poverty, color. lowly origin, lack of influence, in no wise barred the progress of these This product of the seventeenth cen- courageous souls. They are an exhibit tury is different from any modern of what humanity may achieve. They book for children, for most of the are a tribute to the potential that is rhymes in theme and phraseology are inherent in the race. more suited to the adult than to the child mind. Notably, "The Awakened Some of them are well-known, others Child's Lament," the second rhyme in lesser known. Some attained wealth, the collection, is phrased as no child others joy in their chosen careers, all of the present day or even of Bunyan's served their fellow men and all atwould think or express himself. Bun- tained distinction. Edward Bok, Andyan evidently knew little of child rew Carnegie, John Muir, Francis psychology and cannot be accused of Parkman, Gipsy Smith, Booker Washviewing life from the child's stand- ington, Josiah Wedgewood, are among point. There had not been developed the group presented. The world still at that time a literature really suitable needs the display of the qualities these for children. Bunyan thoroughly be- men possessed. The graphic, gripping lieved, however, in the need of re- stories will hold attention of young ligious instruction for the young and and old from the first page to the last. sincerely desired by his writings to lend what aid he could. GEORGE H. TRULL.

While the twentieth century expert Team Work, being the C. M. S. Story of in religious education would select few 1927-28. Maps. 119 pp. London. of these seventeenth century rhymes for children of today, yet he should This exceedingly attractive Story of have the collection on his shelf, as a the Year is one of the series presented testimony to the progress that has to the constituency of the great been made in the production of re- Church Missionary Society, a Soligious literature for childhood and ciety which has been bearing faithful youth, now suited to the intelligence testimony for over a century and a and interest of each stage of growth. quarter in the great continents of Asia and of Africa. Its members GEORGE H. TRULL. truly illustrate Lindsay's great trib- ute, "They gird the earth with Stories of Grit. Archer Wallace. 133 pp. valour; they heed their King's com- mand." The figure of the team is $1. New York. 1928. carried admirably through this story of the year, developed through chap- Grit is a quality universally ad- ters with the interesting and progresmired, whether displayed by man or sive titles: The Team and the World; lower animal. It tones moral fibre The Team in Training (West Africa); and issues a challenge. It is like the The Team on Trial (East Africa); tang of a refreshing wind to read of The Team and Its Equipment (the men who in spite, not merely of early Near East) ; The Team Spirit Against but of life long handicaps, have over- Odds (India); Changing Places in come difficulties and made good glori· the Team (China); The Team Adously. venturing (Japan); The Team and England. Archer Wallace in his fourteen "Stories of Grit" presents, in the brief The maps illuminate the story; compass of 133 pages, incidents in the they are ingenious and very instruclives of fourteen men who attained tive. To those who are interested in their goal. They had other qualities; the progress of Christian work in the native ability, ambition, energy, perse· great continents of Asia and Africa, verance, originality, cheerfulness, but this report is heartily commended. sheer grit was the outstanding trait. The handicaps of physical defects,