The Missionary Review of the World — December 1936

1936

A Young Church in Old Egypt E. E. Elder What Results in Central Africa?

Virginia M. Clarke The Evangelistic Value of Medical Work Rolla E. Hoffman Wanted, A Demonstration of Unity John J. Banninga Sen Lai Tsang, Missionary to Korea Mrs. C. S. Deming Home Missions in Modern America E. D. Kohlstedt Roman Activity in Pagan Africa Kenneth G. Grubb 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember CHl1Rc:H Here Is t:he

M"N"GEMENT> Christ:mas Present: for Your December 9-11 – Biennial meetiDg, Federal Council of Churches, As- Past:or and Missionary bury Park, N. J. '::~::."~: ,. ~~: :.W GIVE him a year's suhscription to Church Janu.ary 4-6–Committee on Women's Management. A hright, dynamic profes- Work of the Foreign Missions Con- ference of North America, Asbury sional magazine for clergymen which keeps Park, New Jersey. them in touch with the newest developments January 6-8-Foreign Missions Con- ference of North America, Asbury in the home field. Park, New Jersey. A recently added "Minister's Wife Department" brings in material January 11-14, 1937 – Annual Meet- on programs and methods for the women's activities in the church. ings, Home Missions Council and The Council of Women for Home $2.50 per year; $1.25 for six months Missions. Asbury Park, N. J. (We will send an attractive gift card to your heneficiary if you so request) February 8-13-International Council of Religious Education, Executive CHURCH MANAGEMENT Committee and Associated Meetings. Chicago, Ill. Auditorium Building :: Cleveland, Ohio NATIONAL PREACHING Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- Mrs. A. L. Wiley, Presbyterian MISSION sions. For almost 60 years, Dr. Mc- missionary of Ratnagiri, India, on Afee has maintained some form of June 23, received the Kaiser-i-Hind Nov. 29-Dec. 2-Philadelphia. official connection with the foreign medal, third class, in recognition of Dec. 3-6–Boston. missionary enterprise of the Presby- her faithful work among the children Dec. 6-9-New York City. terian Church in the U. S. A.-first as in that area. Many tiny tots have Foreign Missions chairman of his grown to Christian manhood and FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSION- presbytery and then, in succession, ARY ASSEMBLIES synodical chairman, Board member, . womanhood under her care. October, and for the past six years, one of its January 16-19, 1937-Jacksonville. 1936, marked the end of 41 years of January 19-20–Lake City. • • • secretaries. service which she has given in India. January 20-22-Daytona Beach. Dr. John A. Rodgers, Secretary January 20-22-DeIand. for Annuities and Special Gifts on the … … January 23-27-Miami. Presbyterian Board of National Mis- January 26-27-Ft. Lauderdale. sions, retired on October 1. .T~e Rev. Charl~s Hodge Corbett, January 27-29-Palm Beaches. mInIster of educatlOn of Bay Ridge January 30-February 2-Orlando. ••• Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn, N. Y., February 2-4-Winter Haven. has been elected to succeed the late February 4-5-Ft. Myers. Dr. Edmund B. Chaffee as editor of February 4-5-Sarasota. The Presbyteri4n Tribune'. He was a February 6-11-St. Petersburg. missionary in China for seventeen February 7-1o-Clearwater. years, teaching in the North China February 10-12-Tampa. Union College. He returned to Amer- February 13-16–Tallahassee. ica in 1925.

Dr. Charles E. Maddry, a secretary of the Southern Baptist Foreign Mis- Personal Itellls sion Board, is home after a tour of Rt. Rev. Frederick Rogers Graves, the Board's missions in South Amer- ica. of the American Episcopal Church, • •• has been asked to continue hiB service in China where he has been for fiftyfive years. He had submitted his Mrs. A. K. Reischauer, of the Pres- Obituary Notes resignation because of advancing age byterian Mission in Japan, has been (now 78) but the House of Bishops awarded a special diploma for distin- The Rt. Rev. HoefnrMy eDxaicmo,eredlieAdveis~ asked him to hold on until the general guished service to the deaf. She was retired Bishop the pioneer in introducing oral educa- Houston, Texas, September 20, in his • • convention. • tion for the deaf in Japan, and 83d year. He had retired in 1928 founded the deaf-oral school, "Nippon Working quietly and steadily for 20 Geo. Evangeline Booth left Lon- Rowa Gakko," in Tokyo. years, during a period of one revoludon in November to undertake a world campaign, calling first at Port Said .::sFREE FOT tionary ~risis after another, Bishop to inspect one of the newest Salvation Min;"eT. Aves guIded the struggling missions Army centers. She expects to spend of the Episcopal Church in Mexico more than a month, including Christ- Why God Used D. L. Moody isnatmoestoilmidearmitiyniasntedrinsgtretnogtthh~' at the mas, in India, and conduct no fewer By R. A. Torrey British than sixty-five public gatherings at and American colonies in the critical various centers. The General will The Shorter Life of D. L. Moody years when open warfare was an al- Itllend six days in Ceylon, thence to By Paul R. Moody and A. P. Fitt most constant threat. Java, Singapore, Hongkong, Shanghai and Peiping. She will go on to Th_ two hooks will he given [0 the fint 1000 * … … Korea, reaching Japan on March 10, miniatere who will agree to conduct a "'Moody Day" and return to England across the lervice on Sunday, February 7, 1937, and win Dr. Bruce Kinney, recently retired preach an appropriate message in oheenance of the as on!! of the representatives of the United States. .> . . CeDtenary of D. L. Moody's birth. ~merIc~n ~aptist Home Mission So- CIety, dIed In Cleveland, Ohio, on Oc- Dr. Cleland Boyd McAfee reached W,.ite A. F. GaylorJ. Director tober 15. He was for 43 years a minhis 70th birthday on September 26, D. L. MooJy Centenary Celebration. ister .of Christ and 38 years ago was and on that date retired from the secretaryship for Japan, Siam, Chosen The Moody Bible Institute of Chicago w: appomted as a frontier missionary in and the Philippine Islands under the 153 INSTITUTE PLACE CHICAGO. ILL. the e~ whe!e he was superintendent of mISSIons In Utah and Wyoming (Concluded on 3d CO'IJer.) REVIEW OF THE WORLD High Speed DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor at Low Cost VOL.LIX DEC., 1936 No. 12 Speed is often so important when crossing to the Orient. That's-why Publication and Business Office– busy travellers go by Empress. You Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. go faster . . . in maximum comfort . . . and at surprisingly low cost. Editorial and Executive Office- 156 Firth Avenue, New York City. Only 10 days to Yokohama by Entered as second-class matter at Empress of Asia or Empress of Russia. Or via Honolulu in just 3 Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under days more by Empress of Japan Act of March 3, 1879. (largest, fastest liner on the Pa~ific) or Empress of Canada. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. low round-trip fares . . . First, Publlsbed monthly, except August. Tourist and Third Class. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. British agents – Marshall, Morgan and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, When your Call London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy. 10 shillings a year.

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by Willard

LISTENING TO THE GOSPEL ON THE BANKS OF THE NILE (REV. OSCAR BOYD PREACHING FROM THE IBIS) Photograph by Willard Price EAGER LIDARNERS IN THE BOYS' SCHOOL, ALEXANDRIA BUILDING MATERIAL FOR THE CHURCH IN EGYPT

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LIX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 12 DECEMBER, 1936 Topics of the Times THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE OF PEACE sponsible for the war spirit. Russia, the commu- nistic Union of Soviet Republics, denies God's au- Thousands of sermons will be preached in thority and ideals and depends on armaments to Christian pulpits on Christmas Sunday, advocat- maintain peace with neighbors and within her own ing "Peace on earth, goodwill among men." But, borders.. Japan, the militaristic monarchy, seeks while God is the God of Peace, and the Gospel is to attain her ends by regimentation and force of the Gospel of Peace, Christ distinctly said, arms. Germany and Italy, the fascist totalitarian "Think not that I am come to send peace on earth; states, declare for an "armed peace," with their I 'came not to send peace, but a sword." This armaments able to defy all antagonists. Even startling statement has been proved true, for England and America are joining in the race. strife has characterized national life during the There may be an armed truce, and a restraint whole Christian era-though war is contrary to from active warfare, but it is due to fear of force Christ's mission of peace. and not to the spirit of friendly harmony which Look over the world. Never were nations so fe- underlies all true peace.

verishly arming themselves and preparing for war What then is the Christmas message of peace?

as they are today; never was so much spent on It is that Christ came to proclaim God's love and armaments and war materials; never have there His desire that men should cease from rebellion been so many wars and rumors of wars-political, against His will and should be at peace with Him.

economic, social and religious. This is in spite of This is the only effective basis of "peace among the influence and ideals of Christ and the peace men." The sword of strife will be sheathed, or propaganda and pacifist movements. There can turned into a plowshare of peace, when men join be no doubt that Christ desires peace, but if He in allegiance to Christ and yield their wills and came to establish general peace among men and their lives and their possessions to the Will of nations, there does not seem to have been much God. There is no other way ; all peace movements progress toward reaching His objective. Never- promoted on any otlier basis are futile. As long theless God is the God of Peace; Christ preached as men fight against God they will naturally fight peace and bequeathed His peace to His disciples, against one another, if they can and dare. "There and they "preached peace by Jesus Christ" (Acts is no peace, saith my God, to the wicked." God 10: 36). and the State cannot both rule supreme over men's What, then, is the answer to the present prob- wills; neither can both God and self be supreme.

lem ·of disunity and strife in the world? The an- The most effective emissaries and promoters of swer is that there is only one basis of human peace on earth today are not "pacifists" who decry peace and that is "peace with God." The reason all conflict, or social workers who merely seek to for the "sword" that divided households as the bring about better living conditions. but they are result of Christ's coming to earth over nineteen the peacemakers who are recognized as "children hundred years ago-and that still divides families of God"; they are the Christian missionaries and and nations-is the fact that men are out of har- others who are seeking to win men to Christ and mony with God., We have neglected the one neces- to a life in harmony with God's will. Christ came sary basis of unity. As long as we-as individuals primarily to save men from sin-the sin of disoor as nations-are each seeking selfish ends, so bedience to the Will of God. He proclaimed for- long will we fear one another and put our trust giveness and peace by His sacrifice on the Cross in armaments. No one form of government is re- and so opened the Way of Life in God.

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Christmas is a time to preach peace, but only ity, must be taught in the home, the school, the the peace of God based on loving obedience to His church and the place of business. Law must be revealed will and manifested by love to our fellow shown to be not an enemy to liberty but a protec- men. It is love that brings peace because love tion and an ally to progress.

works no ill to one's neighbor. The Star of Beth- (7) Belief in God as a loving Heavenly Father, lehem and the Cross of Calvary are both the Chris- . and the just Ruler of human affairs, must be tian symbols of peace. taught to children from their earliest years. The movie and the streets often make crime seem easy, STILLING THE CRIME WAVE pleasant and profitable. Self-control and rever- ence for God must be shown by precept and ex- The government, social reformers, parents and ample as the Way of Life that brings happiness Christians everywhere are greatly disturbed be- and success. cause of the extent of crime and its spread in all Public libraries must be purged from unwholeparts of the world. The cost of crime in the some books and newsstands must be cleared of United States is estimated at thirteen billion dol- papers that present low ideals and lawless heroes. lars a year, seven times as much as we spend for Good reading is more influential than most forms education. The number of condemned criminals of good advice. It is a matter of record that only in penal institutions runs into hundreds of thou- two per cent of criminals!, when brought to trial, sands and lawbreakers out of jail are even more have been active members of any church. numerous. The worst feature of the situation is that youthful criminals are increasing. In Great As the basic cause of crime and lawlessness is Britain, a recent report states that forty per cent sin, so the only cure for these evils is a. turning of the crimes were committed by persons under to God and an intelligent regard for His laws. twenty-one years of age; and the situation is even The New Testament gives us three definitions of sinworse in America. The chief causes of crime and lawlessness are (1) "Sin is transgression of the law"-a posi- tive disobedience to the revealed Will of God. idleness, ignorance, lack of high moral standards, broken homes, a desire to obtain money for power (2) "Whosoever knoweth to do good and doeth and: self-indulgence, and· an antipathy to all re- it not to him it is sin" ;-it is failure to follow the straints. But the basic causes of lawlessness are light we have. selfishness and a disregard for God as the Heavenly Father and Lawgiver. (3) "Whatsoever is not of faith is sin"-it is doing what we believe to be wrong, and failure What then is the cure for the present-day law- to live in harmony with faith in God as He is relessness and crime? Prof. Robert H. Miller of vealed in Jesus Christ. Manchester College, Indiana, gives a seven-point program: It has been the experience, both of individuals and of communities, that when the Gospel of Christ is accepted, and men take Him as their (1) Increased appropriations for education. Saviour and Lord, crime and lawlessness disap- Chicago has established a special school for "in- pear and men become good neighbors and good corrigible" boys-a school that instructs and citizens. This is evidenced in the word that has keeps them busy with wholesome technical train- recently come of the transformation of a very ing and recreation. . primitive, lawless people of Papua (in the South (2) Keep young folks busy. Do not let them Seas) . These people were sorcerers and took a be idle and out of work. Six million between the pride in murder. Their women all refused to acages of sixteen and twenty-one are now out of cept a man as a husband until he had murdered school and out of work. someone. They were superstitious and ignorant (3) Vocational training-teach every child to in mind and filthy of body. They were shiftless use his or her hands and mind in some useful em- and poor, and filled with fear and enmity. The ployment-something creative in which he or she Australian Government attempted to control. to can find satisfaction. discipline, to cajole or to punish offenders but (4) The Church must increase her ministry to without success. All the men served jail sentences youth-in the home, school, church and business. and then returned to their old life. Then came Environment must be improved and leisure hours messenger§ of the Gospel of Christ-people of occupied to profit. their own race who had experienced Christ's (5) Punishment for wrongdoing must be made transforming nower. These messengers did not more sure. swift and fitted to the crime. Senti- begin by teaching the savages to build better ment must not interefere with justice. Youth houses and to make better gardens, nor did they must learn that crime does not pay but that crimi- begin by teaching them the evils of crime and adnals do. vantages of law observance. They simply told (6) Respect for law, and for those in author. them of their own experience of Christ, the Son

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

of God, who so loved them that He came to give 800,000 people in Travancore moving Christward. His life for them; they revealed the effect of His The leaders express a desire to see their whole love and His power in their own lives by their un- community embrace Christianity and a large selfish, joyful service. The pagans were astound- body of Indian Christians have offered to give ed at this new way of peace and power and they their services as volunteer evangelists and teachresponded to the teaching. Before long they de- ers for this ingathering. The difficulty is to care stroyed their paraphernalia of sorcery, gave up for their transportation and training. "Hundreds their evil ways and began a new life. Crimes of of villages are crying out for teachers and tens violence and theft and sins of impurity have now of thousands are seeking Christ." The awakening been discarded. Of their own accord whole vil- is reported also in the Punjab, the United Provlages now rise early in the morning, go for their inces and elsewhere. The Bishop of Dornakal bath and have their "quiet time" to learn God's estimates that in his district alone one million will. They have discarded fighting and send their people are moving Christward. children to school; some have built new, clean villages, with communal gardens, and live as one The opportunity and challenge is likely to grow great family. during the coming months as the disillusioned Untouchables seek some escape from the oppres- Here is an example of the natural fruit of Chris- sive bonds of Hinduism-already they are turntian teaching, without any attempt to coerce or ing to Christ and asking for baptism at the rate persuade the people to accept any specified rules of 15,000 every month. This is influencing the or regulations. These former savages are al- caste Hindus also as they see the new birth and ready an example to civilized America and the re- new life of those whom they have despised. sults have astounded government officials. Where are teachers to be found to train these "Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is lib- open-minded seekers? The Indian churches are erty." He who stilled the stormy waves on the poor and the mission boards are still short of Sea of Galilee is the One who can still the crime needed funds. There is still money available for wave today, if men will but obey Him, as did the the things men want most. The boards at home winds and the sea. might unite in presenting the facts to Christian stewards at home and offer, if suitable teachers MEETING THE CHALLENGE OF INDIA are found who will volunteer to give their time, to finance one-half the expense for their board Because of its ancient culture, the number of and travel for a five year campaign if the Indian religions, the size of its population and the multi- churches will care for the other half. The mistude of its unevangelized villages, India presents sionary forces in these areas also need strengtha peculiar and powerful challenge to the Church ening- and new vernacular literature must be supof Christ. The first Christian testimony is re- plied for the growing churches. ported to have come to India nearly 1900 years ago and Christian missions have been carried on It would be unwise for American and British there for the last six hundred years. Protestant Christians to assume the whole financial responsiwork began in 1706 and the first British mission- bility and control but they can still act as true aries entered one hundred and forty years ago; partners of the Indian churches in the work of yet today not more than one in one hundred of winning and training these under-privileged the people are even nominal Christians and the classes for Christ. Prayer circles should also be number of non-Christians is at least double that started in churches at home and in India. The of 100 years ago. The encouraging fact is that National Christian Council and the National Misthe knowledge of Christ and His teachings has sionary Society of India might be the clearing permeated India and the general attitude of the house for a united campaign that will be cooperapeople has changed from one of bitter hostility tive and will avoid waste and overlapping effort. to one of respect and inquiry. "The task before the Church in India. is tremen- dous," says the Bishop of DornakaI. "It will tax Christian missions are largely responsible for all our available resources; but God is our partner the development of modern education in India, and will not fail. In the work of His Kingdom for the advance in modern medical service and nothing is impossible." for the elevation of women and children. The British Government has promoted peace, justice, DISAPPOINTED CANDIDATES education and economic betterment. Candidates for political office are not the only Great mass movements toward Christ have been ones who suffer disappointment when election reported in many places during the past fifty time passes. Missionary candidates are also too years, with whole villages of the Depressed often disappointed-sometimes even after their Classes ready to come under Christian instruc- election, but more often because of failure to be tion. Today the Rev. T. G. Stuart Smith reports selected and given a field of service.

Among the elect some are disappointed when mission field. One applied who had nursing qualithey reach their field, because they find that they fications, but not the spirit Of Christ. She was are not adapted to the work or field assigned. sent at large expense but within one year had In spite of carefully prepared candidate papers to be recalled after having done harm rather than and examinations, their physical, mental or spir- good. A lesson was learned. When a doctor apitual equipment may be inadequate. Others, who plied for the same field, a frank letter was sent have an ambition to devote their lives to preach- to him, setting forth plainly the difficulties of ing the Gospel to the unsaved, are sometimes pioneering without much modern equipment; he called upon to fill vacancies in schools or colleges was warned of the financial sacrifices necessary, to teach purely secular subjects-and little time the problems involved in living in a small intimate and strength is left for evangelism. One mission- circle, the need for vital prayer life and Bible ary in India bewailed the fact that an under- searching, and the fact that evangelism by word staffed teaching force in the mission college neces- and life is the primary work of the mission in sitated his being called to teach and to neglect which all were expected to take a part. That evangelistic work for which he had volunteered. doctor went prepared for what he was to face. Or the business or executive end of the mission may be so absorbing that there seems little or no Disappointments of candidates and in canditime for purely Gospel work. dates, and disappointments on the mission field and at home cannot always be avoided but they Disillusionment also sometimes comes because can be greatly lessened by greater care in the of false ideas of missionary life gained from ro- study of the fields, more frankness in dealing mantic authors and speakers who present the with candidates and more earnest prayer and cause at home. The needs, opportunities and sacrifice, with a determination to know and follow rewards, of field work are sometimes so attrac- the spirit and mind of Christ in the work to tively presented that young men and women vol- which He has called us. The missionary enterunteer who are not ready to endure the hardness prise is not a human undertaking but a divine of pioneering, who do not realize the difficulties calling to follow a divine Leader. No man or of the field to which they are going; they are woman, called of God to work for Jesus Christ in not prepared for the disappointments due to work- the salvation of men, need be idle or disappointed ing with and for uncongenial and unresponsive because of lack of support and opportunity. Even people, or to live without the comforts and cul- invalids may have a great part in the work tural opportunities of the homeland. through prayer and gifts and personal testimony wherever their lot is cast. "For if there be first Other disappointed candidates are those who a willing mind, it is accepted according to what never reach the field because no one will take the a man has, not according to what he has not." responsibility for sending and supporting them. But at times general appeals come from the field D. L. MOODY CENTENARY which arouse interest that cannot be harnessed to action. A recent article appeared in THE REVIEW The life of D. L. Moody, the famous Evangelist, which told of the religious destitution in many finds its lengthening influence in the Moody Bible districts, in Maine. Two missionary-minded Chris- Institute of Chicago, founded by him fifty years tian teachers wrote to the author of the article, ago. The year 1937 will witness a world-wide offering their services freely to conduct summer celebration of the centenary of the birth of the Daily Vacation Bible Schools. The reply failed great Christian evangelist and educator. His to mention any needy towns or any way of serv- ministries in Great Britain and America added ice. Disappointment and failure was the result. many thousands to the ranks of those accepting A similar experience is noted with regard to of- Christ as Saviour and awakened sleeping profers to help other churchless communities in the fessors of the Christian faith to vital action. United States. The Hartford Band has offered to go to any needy field but no one is ready to On February 2, 1936, nearly six hundred send them. churches in the United States and six other lands, celebrated "Moody Day" with heart-kindling serv- What is the remedy for these disappointments? ices that resulted in the winning of many to Christ Is it not first to be found in accurate information? and in aw!kening or deepening interest in the The fields must be studied in detail, as Robert study of the Word of God, and the winning of Arthington studied them, so that the facts will souls. Another "Moody Day," with a much wider be known; the candidates must be studied indi- observance, will be celebrated on the centenary vidually as to fitness and they must be fully in- of Mr. Moody's, birth, February 7, 1937. It is formed as to facts. There is no excuse for hoped that more than a thousand pastors and knowingly sending out unqualified candidates churches will join in prayer and action for the merely because a place needs to be filled. One spiritual good of all who participate. case in point-a nurse was sorely needed on a

A Young Church in Old Egypt*

By the REV. E. E. ELDER, Cairo Missionary of the United Presbyterian Church T HIS young Protestant Church in Egypt, the Christian church as the ultimate aim. The city cradle of one of the oldest civilizations, has of Assiut, 250 miles south of Cairo, and a strong passed its seventy-fifth birthday on April 13, Coptic center became his base of operation. A last year. The first American missionaries ar- number of vigorous churches sprang up in the rived in Cairo a little over eighty years. ago. In southland and by 1885, a year before his death, five years portions of Arabic Scripture and reli- there were in all Egypt nineteen organized con- gious books were dirstributed, a few mission gregations-six of them having pastors of their schools started and religious services organized. own. Most of these congregations were in the In September, 1859, the Lord's Supper was first immediate vicinity of Assiut, although there were administered by missionaries using the Arabic also mission workers in Alexandria and Cairo.

language and the first four converts were received The total membership was about 1,700.

into the evangelical fellowship. These included During the second quarter century many other a Coptic monk, an Armenian, a Syrian and an towns and villages further north in the neighbor- Egyptian. The first Evangelical congregation hood of Minya and al-Kom al-Akhdar, towns midwas organized in Cairo in 1863 and that- same way between Assiut and Cairo, were opened to year the Presbytery arranged for training classes evangelical preaching. The number of missionto prepare young men for Christian service. aries connected with the American Mission in- From these small beginnings, three-quarters of creased about threefold, some of them being loa century ago, there has de,veloped a church which cated in the great unevangelized centers of the numbers over 21,000 members, meeting in 143 Delta where more than half the population of organized congregations and 201 unorganized Egypt lives. Struggling churches, dependent circles. Of these congregations 114 have their largely on the encouragement and guidance of the own ministers; fifty-nine are self-supporting, and missionary, were organized in the provincial capcontribute to the general work of Synod. itals. A few months ago the editor of one of the prom- During this middle period the number of stuinent religious weeklies of America visited the dents in the Sunday Schools grew steadily until seminary for the training of pastors and was in- in 1910 there were almost 17,000 enrolled. At terested to learn that the building was erected al- the turn of the century the presbytery was dimost entirely from funds collected in Egypt by vided into four presbyteries and they in turn were the Egyptians. He was happily surprised to find organized into the Synod of the Nile. From the that the inscription over the building did not read, very early days of the American Mission's efforts, "The Seminary of United Presbyterian Church of Egyptian cooperation and leadershiJf had been the North America," but "The Theological Seminary longed for goal. By the close of these twenty-five of the Evangelical Church." years a plan had been formulated looking to finan- The seventy-five years of the Evangelical cial independence of the EgYl>tian Church. Church's history may be roughly divided into By 1910, seventy-two organized churches with three equal periods. During the first twenty-five many other centers could boast of more than years the dominant figure in the development of eleven thousand members. Twenty-two were self- Evangelical Christianity was Dr. John Hogg, a supporting.

Scotchman who believed that the method of win- The third quarter of the church's history conning the Moslem population to Christ was to evan- tinues the increase in organizations in the southgelize the Coptic Christians. Often a stumbling- land, but the remarkable growth again moved block to Moslems, they had long since lost under northward. At the opening of these last twentypersecution any incentive to preach the Gospel. To five years there was but one ordained Egyptian gain Egypt for his Lord, Dr. Hogg thought not pastor in Cairo. In March, 1912, just seventeen only of converting individual souls but of planting years after his ordination, another minister was an independent, self-sustaining, self-propagating called to become the pastor of a second congrega- • See Frontispiece. tion in the capital city. In March, 1929, the Prot- [567 ]

estant leaders of Cairo were gathered for the or- pose for His Kingdom knows no boundary of dination of another Evangelical pastor over a geography or race of social position or former church newly organized. One of the speakers re- religious loyalty. Facing the 13,000,000 Egyptian minded the audience that during the seventeen Moslems, we know that the work is far from be- years seven more congregations had been organ- ing completed. Just now the great problem of ized. If one is surprised at the remarkable our American economic life is the reemployment growth of these seventeen years, he may be of people without work. No one would consider amazed to learn that in the six years that have that the problem for 13,000,000 unemployed was since elapsed five other congregations have been solved by putting a meagre 50,000 to work. The formed, thus bringing the total of Evangelical present Evangelical Church in Egypt is only the congregations in Cairo and suburbs up to four- "seed corn" of an abundant harvest.

teen. All but four are financially independent. The young church, with all its strength and One of them, in addition to supporting the usual leadership, is still weak because of the conditions church work of a city congregation conducts a that surround it. Christians in America, although thriving day school for girls, and gave in 1934, largely outnumbering the Jews, have had little $850 to the mission work of the Nile Valley. success in persuading them to acknowledge and Many movements in the Church show that the follow as Lord One who was of their own race.

aim of the early missionaries for a self-govern- In Egypt the small Evangelical Church, drawn ing, self-propagating church was being realized. largely from the ancient Coptic race, is confronted A Laymen's and Elders' Society, organized in with an overwhelming Moslem majority whose 1918, contains the following paragraph in its first history is full of bigotry and persecution. How annual report: much more difficult is it to persuade members of The work in the cities and districts has steadily pro- a proud majority to accept teaching presented by gressed. There have been fruits of a spiritual awakening, a vigorous yet suspicioned minority of a despised the grace of giving, and"the spirit of brotherhood. May we not be able to prove to America that we are a worthy people. It is hard to find a strong enough analogy child able to carryon the plans of the church by the to picture the extreme difficulty of winning Mosstrength we have gained from her. Our Egyptian Church lem Egypt to Christ. Imagine what would be the now spends $75,000 annually on its work, why should it situation in America if the Negro population were still continue to beg $5,000 from the church in America commissioned to win the white people to a differfor the work of Synod when by fostering the Laymen'~ ent religion than that which they now profess. It and Elders' Movement we may be able to arrive at self- would be twenty times harder if only one in support and progress towards the greater work of reach- twenty of the Negroes had even a slight conceping the millions of unsaved in Egypt for the glory of the Lord. tion of the reality of their commission. Add to In 1926 the Synod assumed full responsibility that what would be the case if the convert must for the education of its ministry and the new not only change his religion but his social posi- Seminary building was occupied. One of the tion, his family relations and even his race. We missionaries has acted as chairman of the faculty might say, "We know the Negro has deeper reliand another serves on the Board. In Basil Mat- gious emotions than white men, but must we bethews' "Forerunners of a New Age," an inter- come Negroes in order to follow his religion?" pretative report of the 1934 Conference on Train- The thinking Moslem may admit the excellence of ing of the Ministry of the Younger Churches, he Christ's teaching, but very often he questions its expresses an fdeal that fits the situation in Egypt. application to him.

The real shaping of the life of a seminary-if it is to Missionary retrenchments and withdrawals of produce a life-giving ministry~must be in the hands of workers have led the young church in Egypt to the people of that lang. The control must be national. wonder how keenly America appreciates the crit- But to concentrate on control as such is not the Christian ical situation in Moslem lands. The attitude of way, for fellowship is the root of the ministry, and fellow- Americans seems often to be expressed: "In sevship transcends the chasms of East and West. enty-five years a church should reach maturity.

In spite of its seventy-five years the Evangelical 'It should now be left by itself to finish the work Church of Egypt is a young church. The task so well started." The ministers of the young of bringing the teeming population of the narrow church, almost to a man, believe that foreign mis- fertile valley of the Nile and its delta into fellow- sionary help is needed to complete the work so ship with Christ, the Saviour, has only begun. well begun. The Cairo Ministers' Association On the other hand a church with a community of gave to a missionary going home on furlough the 50,000 members and adherents, with an educated following message for the church at home: "Sup- ministry and its own church buildings, is well ad- port your work abroad; send out more mission- vanced towards the Christian ideal. Christ's pur- aries."

Results in Central Africa?

By VIRGINIA M. CLARKE, Bolenge, Africa Teacher in the Congo Christian Institute JOHN A. MACKAY has said that, "the evangel- brotherhood, a deepening of their characters and, istic task is, therefore, to make infinitely above all, a growing church which is rapidly be- meaningful and inescapable the heart of the coming more truly indigenous and has a real con- Gospel, God's revelation of Himself in Jesus viction of the need for a continued spread of the Christ in such a way that personality in its whole- Gospel by means of a more adequately trained ness shall respond to God." Innately religious, Christian leadership. the African has responded to the stimulus of God's love by becoming a Christian who is con- In the Mondombe field Bontamba Mark was scious that his whole life should be influenced by sent as an evangelist to a remote village. After Christ's principles. The Bible has become for only one year the things he had accomplished were him an inspired Book, guiding his thoughts and very evident. Seventeen new houses of better conactions through every hour of every day. This struction and with more adequate ventilation had consciousness of the impelling power of God's been built in the Christian village, sanitary con- Word has resulted in many changes in the Afri- ditions were improved and a clean water supply can's heart, character, attitudes and environment. was assured. A new church building had been erected, two schools were flourishing and fifty- The particular Africans whose progress we are three inquirers were ready for baptism. In the now considering belong principally to the Bank- Bolenge Christian village a number of wells have undo tribe dwelling in the Belgian Congo along been dug, many of them with good clear water. the equator where the Congo River crosses it for New little houses are being built of brick which the second time, in a territory which extends east each home builder has shaped and burned himfrom four to five hundred miles, and reaches self. An ingenious method of building is often north and south about two hundred miles. Living followed. While the family continues to live in grouped together in villages ranging from two the old mud house the brick walls are erected hundred to a thousand people, these Congolese are around the house. When the new roof is in place hearing the Gospel story from teacher evangelists the old home is torn down and the new house entrained in one of the six principal mission stations closes the family. Mark Njoji, the pastor of the which are seeking to serve this great field, Bo- Bolenge church, has just completed a fine brick lenge, Coquilhatville, Lotumbe, Monieka, Wema house, well pointed with cement on the outside and Mondombe. Although many of these evan- and the inside walls smoothly plastered with white gelists have received as yet only a quite limited clay. There he can shelter the many friends and education, their few months or years at the mis- relatives who seek his "house by the side of the sion station in close contact with the missionaries road." and other leaders have resulted in a zeal to win their people for Christ, a desire to improve their In Congo from time immemorial the birth of moral, physical and economic conditions, and a twins has necessitated a complicated ritual, but feeling of brotherhood with all rather than with one year twins were born to a. Christian couple just one closely affiliated group, such as the family attending the Congo Christian Institute at Boor clan. lenge. The parents were brave enough to disobey the heathen superstitions. The mother went to Because of the consecrated efforts of the mis- the mission hospital for the confinement. and sionaries and the native Christian workers rested quietly in bed for ten days instead of takthroughout more than thirty years of this mis- ing a twin on each hip and dancing the length of sion's existence some very definite results of the the village the day after their birth as custom dicimpact of the Gospel on the lives of these particu- tated. These twins were bathed and fed like reglar Congolese are now becoming evident. These ular babies and were not forced to fast at interresults encompass the whole life of the people, for vals. Each baby had a basket bed covered with a we are finding not only better homes, hygiene, piece of mosquito netting. The father actually sanitation, gardens, but also an increasing respect continued to go to school and to study as though for womanhood, a larger measure of charity for he were the father of only one. those outside the family, an expanding feeling of In addition to these exterior aspects of better [569 ]

hygiene and better homes there are more subtle "The women here are the rej oicing of this changes. There is a growing companionship be~ church!' That is very unusual praise for a tween husband and wife and a mutual respect for Congo man to give to women and so marks an each other's personality. One elder in the Lotumbe advance in the men's attitude. As a result of the church and his wife always begin and end the day continued spread of Christian ideals throughout by praying together. Numbers of young couples the Congo its womanhood is being gradually en- are learning through their association in the Sun~ nobled.

day school class, known as the Brave Hearts, to In a heathen society the Congolese feel no reeat together and to share their joys and problems sponsibility for those outside their own immediwith each other. No one who has not known ate families. But after they have heard the story Africa intimately can realize how radical is this of Jesus they learn to care for others. As a change in attitudes and customs. The establish- church or as a missionary society they share troument and development of the Christian home, as bles of their members and try to help them. The the parents learn to nurture their little ones in church at Lotumbe took up a collection for some the faith, is one very outstanding result of the of their members whose houses had burned down, Gospel in Central Africa. they paid for medical treatment and finally burial What About the Women? for a friendless old man who had wandered into town; they brought food and clothing for a sick Someone has said in substance, that no nation and crippled woman who was without a home, and can rise higher than its womanhood. In Congo they gave money each week to a former evangelthe woman's place has always been a degraded ist of the despised Batswa tribe who was ill with one. She is considered a piece of property, a tuberculosis. These are only a few of this housekeeper, a gardener, the bearer of children, church's charitable deeds, and they might be dubut never as a loved companion to be respected plicated in every church in Congo.

and cherished. A Congo proverb says, "To eat The Women's Missionary Society of the Bolenge with a woman is to eat with the devil himself." Church decided to give some gifts of food to one In spite of these traditional attitudes, Christ's of their members who had recently been left a love and principles are resulting in an increased widow with nine children. They brought live fish, respect for women, their personalities and abil- dried fish, manioc, onions, plantains, palm nuts, ities. Manners and little courtesies are often in- two kinds of cakes made of sweet manioc, corn dicative of an inner spirit or attitude, as in a and other food as well as a money gift of fifteen situation which occurred at Lotumbe two years francs (about fifty cents). On their regular meet- ago. A number of the young married couples had ing day the women gathered at the church with just finished a feast in the open air. The Sunday their gifts in large baskets and basins and went vesper service was soon to be held there. Before singing to her home. She had been warned in ad- the meeting the young men were sitting together vance so was wearing a clean dress for the first visiting while the women were putting things time since her husband's death. The house was away in a nearby house. When the women came freshly swept and the children were clean. One out of the house most of them took places some of the women made a little speech presenting the distance away, but the wives of the graduates of gifts and two others prayed. The widow was the Congo Christian Institute came over to where so moved by this expression of their Christian their husbands were sitting. There were not love that tears came to her eyes. The women had enough chairs so those husbands stood up cour- to explain to her that these were outright gifts teously and gave their chairs to their wives. Of and no one expected to receive anything from her, course that little incident doesn't sound a bit for in Congo a gift means that something must strange or unusual to the American woman who be given in return.

is accustomed to every courtesy, but for a heathen The Gospel has meant to the Congolese that in- Congo woman-well, it is simply unheard of. stead of being members of many unrelated tribes Some missionaries were going up the Ubangi with fierce jealousies, hatred and strife predom- River on the mission steamer, "The Oregon." They inating, they now belong to one fellowship with reached Bobolo, where there is an evangelist and love, loyalty and mutual helpfulness as their a good church. Captain John Inkima told them watchwords. This idea has been very aptly ex- about the church there and how the women had pressed by the students of the Congo Christian In- done most of the work of building it. He said stitute, a secondary school established seven years that at one time the men all went back to heathen- ago at Bolenge for the training of a higher type ism, but some of the women kept the church go- of Christian leadership. To that school come stu- ing. Later an evangelist was sent to them and dents of many tribes whose fathers and grand- the church reawakened. Then Captain John said, fathers were traditional enemies. In one gradu-

WHAT RESULTS IN CENTRAL AFRICA?

ating class of fourteen there were nine distinct ries on the affairs of the church with only occatribes represented. From the beginning of the sional counsel from the missionary. To attend the school they have marveled at the strong bond of Sunday morning service at this church is a real Christian love which bound them together and experience; for the pastor, the choir of ten male made them as one tribe. One student in writing voices and the audience join together to make a home to his parents said, "Here we do not belong truly inspiring and reverent period of worship, to different tribes, but to one tribe-the tribe of of which the celebration of the Lord's Supper is God." made the climax. Churches like this one are being duplicated by the score in many outstations This unity was put to the acid test when the throughout the Congo. very first Batswa students entered the school. The Batswa constitute the semi-pygmy slave tribe of Fortunately many government officials realize Congo which for generations has been despised the importance of the Christian evangelist and by the Bankundo and with whom no social inter- give him their support. One government official course was possible. But when these Batswa stu- after visiting with an outstanding evangelist of dents stepped off the boat they were greeted as the Lotumbe field aoout how best to stop some long lost brothers by those in the upper classes. objectionable heathen practices, said to him, Later when one of the Batswa wives was ill and "After all, one of you evangelists can accomplish could not go to the garden and prepare food for more than many soldiers because the people have her husband and four children one of the Bank- learned to respect and love you." Undoubtedly undo women volunteered to help her. She had a the lives and work of some of these earnest nabusy day, for there was water to carry from the tive evangelists, as well as the growth and despring, cassava to dig in the garden, bread to be velopment of the Christian Church in Congo, are made, and greens to be prepared. Having finished outstanding results of the Gospel in Central the household duties she sat down and visited Africa. with the sick mother, telling her all that had been done in school that day. What a revolutionary In the final analysis the very finest results of thing it was for her to have such close contact the Gospel are to be found in the changed lives with a woman of the Batswa tribe! The Gospel and characters of the people who have been message is being exemplified in these young folks' touched by its power. It is impossible to mention lives as they daily practice actual Christian all of the splendid Christians whose lives have brotherhood. been an inspiration to others, for their number is legion. Elima Salome is a deaconess in the Lo- A Phenomenal Growth tumbe Church. Her husband, Mbomba David, is an elder. For years they have kept their Chris- Thirty-one years ago an early missionary of the tian light shining before all people. Elima is a Disciples of Christ Mission, who was leaving leader among the women and was president for a Congo to go on furlough, left one mission station, long time of the Missionary Society, which sup- Bolenge, and about two hundred Christians. To- ported an evangelist in a distant village. She is day there are six stations and over forty-two thou- a Sunday school teacher as well, giving every Sunsand Christians. In the whole of the Congo the day of her radiant personality and Christian ex- Protestant Christians and adherents number more perience to the little ones of Lotumbe. Visiting than a million. All of these, of whatever mission, the sick, sharing with others her food and her belong to one church, L'Eglise du Christ au knowledge of Christ's love, Elima Salome exempli- Congo. This forward step has meant a great deal fies what a true Christian should become. to each individual Christian, for now each one feels more closely bound to his brothers in Christ Among the graduates of the boys' boarding throughout Congoland. This union has likewise school in Bolenge in the early days was Mpoku been a challenge to the Christians to continue Enoch. Early in 1908 he became a Christian and their efforts for a more truly indigenous Church has never once wavered in his faith since that in the Congo. day. A week after his baptism he went to a dis- tant village as a school-teacher. The next year At Coquilhatville, one of the provincial capitals he returned to the mission station and learned to of the Congo, there is a splendid Protestant set type and finally became foreman of the mission Church group which is an inspiration to all be- printing shop. Later Mpoku became enamored cause of the fine way these Congo Christians are of machinery and spent several years as an enconducting the work of their church. The board gineer on river steamers. When he returned to of elders, deacons and deaconesses called as their Bolenge in 1920 he was made a deacon of the pastor Bokomboji Pierre, a graduate of the Congo church. Then while acting as foreman of the Christian Institute, who is one of the five ordained sawmill he was chosen as assistant pastor of the ministers in the Bolenge field. This church is Bolenge Church and in 1927 was ordained to the now self-supporting, and the board of elders car- ministry. While continuing his pastoral duties

he attended the Congo Christian Institute and There are many more in this fine company of graduated in 1933. Since his graduation Mpoku's Congo Christians. There is Lokofe Moses and ministry has been continually blessed. He travels his wife, Weci Marie, who are both supervising for months at a time through the back country schools in Lotumbe; there is Imbanda Joseph villages, strenthening the churches, encouraging who, although holding a government position, is the evangelists, preaching the Gospel and building finding time to build a church in a village where churches. Everywhere Mpoku Enoch goes his there was none; there is Litele Samuel, who is winsome smile, his loving character and powerful the first traveling Sunday school secretary of this words bring many of his brothers to Christ. particular group of churches; there are innumer- able others, men and women, preachers, teachers, A young school-teacher, a graduate of the nurses, carpenters, brick masons, mechanics, Congo Christian Institute, went home and began hunters, fishers and clerks who are living changed his work. Perhaps he expected to find conditions and more abundant lives because of the redeeming very different, for he wrote the following to his power of Christ's Gospel. However, these Congo white teacher: "I am weary in spirit because I Christians and their missionary leaders have a wanted to begin teaching and preaching at once. certain worry deep down in their hearts as they see the present shortage of missionary funds with r find there is no house in which I may live, no its corresponding shortage of both missionary and native leaders to guide the ever increasing numchurch in which I may preach, and no school in ber of young Christians along Christ's difficult which I may teach. Now I must start right at the path. One of Congo's proverbs is, "Bambola very beginning. I have labored in the forest itswa, ioiya, wijima." (Light the lamp, put it bringing in poles for building, and I have cut out, darkness.) The Church of Christ has lighted boards for blackboards. I can't open my school the lamp of God's love in those hearts. Is the materials for there is no place to keep them, and Church in America going to let them drift into they would soon be spoiled. How much there is darkness again for the lack of sufficient guidance to do! We write the lessons on the sand of the and counsel? Or will the Church at home supply village path." What a strong spirit that young the lamps to enlighten Africa? teacher must have! Although he is disappointed in his situation, he is going to work to do and dare for Christ whom he serves.

Into the Forests of Central Africa* What a Pioneering Trip Means to a Missionary REV. A. G. MILL and his wife have lived in his wife have held this fort. Several times a year the Upper Congo for the last twenty-six he makes long trips into the dense forests back years as respresentatives of the English of the river. In a recent letter to his sister he de- Baptist Missionaty Society.. Fifty-five years ago scribes one of these journeys: ThOl:'):las J. Comber and George Grenfell started "As you know there is no summer and no winter in Africa in the generally accepted sense of these work'on the mighty Congo. In his little steamer terms. We made preparations for our tour in June when the intense heat is tempered by the the "Peace," Grenfell explored the Congo Basin heavy rains. We had no road maps to consult and wd~ the discoverer of the great Ubangi trib- since there were no roads. We lra-d no worries about taking dress-up clothes since we would have utary.N'o;wmission .stations, not only of the no social functions to attend-no grand churches in which to worship and no high-class hotels to English Baptist Society but the Disciples of patronize. All our baggage must be carried on the bare backs of the natives and our meals found Christ, the Atnerican Presbyterian Church South, as we went through the forests. We were going back from the great river highway-back into the the Methodist,(:Episcopal Church and the Congo hinterland tribes, some of whom had never seen a white man. Balolo Mission, are working harmoniously. "My wife and r went on bicycles and the na- Mr. Mill is Ideated at a small village situated at tives on foot. Back there tucked away in the the confluence of the Lomami and Congo Rivers. jungle are people with no civilization and with- About ten years ago he asked leave to push for- ward one hundred miles and plant an outstation at Yalikina, his preseJltstation, ,He realized that this was a sttategic lotation if the peoples on the banks of the great !Lomami were ever to be reached with th~ Gospel. Single ,handed he and . t! 1 '. '" .'.

• A letter seDLly, Aofrs. Cla,ra.' Anna Sinclair, of. Caldwell, Kansas.

INTO THE FORESTS OF CENTRAL AFRICA

out knowledge of the heavenly Father. Our faith- started out, the traveling adding to the pain of ful boys led the way, carrying packages. Soon the the injured wrist. road became narrower till only a path was left. Camping for the night under our mosquito net- "On our arrival at the appointed meeting place ting, we were up bright and early the next morn- we found the doctor had not come. We waited all ing. We traveled for several hours when the that afternoon and till the next morning. Our winding trail suddenly became a steep descent. supply of provisions was exhausted by this time Not only so but the ground under us turned into and we were obliged to eat the native roasted loose sand and before long my wife was going monkey and cassava. Suddenly the steamer headlong down the incline gaining momentum at rounded the curve of the river and our hearts every turn. She was thrown forcibly from the leaped for joy. The doctor advised that my wife machine at the foot of the hill, saving herself go back with him. At my wife's request I resomewhat by throwing out her arms as she was frained from going with her, but put her on board pitehed over the handlebars. As I picked her up in the care of our best boys, and with a prayer I could see that her wrist was limp and knew my left her to be taken down river to the mission fear of a fracture to be confirmed. The pain was hospital at Yakusu, 150 miles south, while I reconsiderable. I tried my best to knit the bones traced my steps. With a lonely feeling I ate supbut was not successful. Where should I turn for per and retired, giving instructions for the mornhelp? Behind us there was no doctor for the gov- ing's march. We were plunging into dark forest ernment doctor had left for the upper river some land and soon came to the first of the isolated vildays befoJj'e. Before us there was less hope. The lages. The sight of a white man terrified the only· thing I could think of to do was to send out natives and,· my wife not being with me, made it S.O. S. messages to the government doctor by a harder to reach them. Like frightened children few trusty native carriers. they had to be coaxed out of their grass huts. God's palaver was explained to them and the chief "Off they went while our caravan waited; my passed on the message as he alone knew the trade wife in great discomfort. After five long days language. the messengers returned with the news that the doctor would meet us at a certain point on the After three months Mr. Mill returned to his river in two days. Taking two boys with us we station to find his wife recovered but with a more or less crippled hand.

AN ADVANTAGE OF THE NATIVE PREACHER The color of the preacher weighs far more with the native than we realize. Even in the .. mind of the best natives, even in the hearts of those most warmly attached to us, there is a definite though perhaps often subconscious prejudice against our color; I know of many in- stances where a message full of urgency and power has produced very little effect from the lips of a missionary while that of a native has produced immediate results. A native listen- ing to a moving and powerful address from a white man can quiet his conscience and harden his heart simply by saying, "That's all very well, that's a white man's point of view. It may .0 impress you like that but it is not what we blacks need." But when he hears a black preach with conviction, he is driven from this refuge and has to face the message on its own merits.

Again and again I have come across instances where the final link in bringing a native to Christ has been supplied by a native. He has listened to the white man for years and seemed little affected but one simple remark from a fellow native has gone home like an arrow. I would not belittle the white man's influence but it is unquestional;>le that the native evangelists have advantages over us.

Native preachers are often greatly improved and their value added to by thorough train- ing. In my experience this has been under the three headings: Bible knowledge, general knowledge, the missionary's example.-Rev. W. Singleton Fisher, in Congo Mission News.

Evangelistic Value of Medical

By ROLLA E. HOFFMAN, M.D., Meshed, Persia, On the Staff of the American Christian Hospital DURING my first years on the mission field I they have been reached? "Medical missionary was expected to draw large crowds of pa- work," said Dr. Dugald Christie, of Mukden, "is tients and friends of patients to whom our no mere adjunct to the work of preaching, but is senior clergyman could sell Scriptures and preach an essential and integral part of the work of the the Gospel. This was in the most fanatical Mos- Church." Our Presbyterian Board Manual says, lem city of Persia. The best strategy seemed to "Medical work is not merely a key to open the door be to push forward the medical work and to ac- into non-Christian communities, but is an integral company it with as aggressive preaching as the part of the missionary enterprise." people would tolerate. I was expected to draw the crowds, and the evangelistic missionary was to We have been thinking of the medical work too preach to them. He was treasurer of our little much in its relation to outsiders. We must realize hospital and I occasionally preached and led daily that its usefulness to professing Christians should prayers so that our pioneering went on happily. be no less, especially in the midst of a non-Chris- tian society. Even after fanaticism is dead, and Later the clergyman died, the medical work in- the church has become popular and men flock into creased and a second doctor was sent out. One of it and want to be known as Christians, medical our clergymen expressed the hope that instead of work will still be needed as an integral part of the taking on more patients, the medical staff would work of the church, as a continuous expression of now do more evangelistic work. Instead of that the healing love of our Lord. The new church will we find that the medical work has more than be far stronger, more practical, truer to Christ, doubled, so that now a third doctor has come. The more useful to the nation, if it grows up in close clergymen have most faithfully carried on evan- cooperation with a genuine Christian medical gelistic work in the hospital; the church has been work, which becomes more and more a part of the born and other openings for evangelistic work work of the Church. Perhaps a medical man's have thrust themselves forward. Finally we are antipathy toward doing more "evangelistic work"

advised that "the entire work of healing, both arises from holding to the old idea that it is to conphysical and spiritual, should be carried on by the sist in spending an hour or more a day reading the doctors and their assistants." Scriptures to and haranguing men, pleading with them to "flee from the wrath to come," and, since While this view may not quite represent the our time is limited, neglecting medical treatment attitude of most of our clerical missionaries, it has rather depressed me to realize that our hos- to do it! pitals are looked upon as not such alluring places We might analyze the function of medical misto work. As one of the missionaries puts it, "Given one hundred well men as against one hun- sion work, as composed of its influence upon undred sick men to preach to, I would choose the evangelized outsiders, and its influence upon the well men every time." The preaching mission- members of the church; but after all these ex- press to man the love and spirit and healing of aries' task is to build up the church and more and our Lord, and so bring them to the knowledge of more of their attention is demanded by the prob- Christ. The medical work reaches people who are lems of the growing church and the instruction of not touched by our schools or "direct" evangelistic inquiries. For the rest, the Gospel can be preached workers. They come from conservative Moslem openly through the land; the day of pioneering families, driven by pain and despair; also from has past. Yet at the meeting of medical workers the ultramodern class, who have lost faith in all some years ago in Teheran, protest was made religion. – Men who would never darken the door against the failure of our clerical brethren to ap- of a Christian school, or of a clergyman's house, propriate the .fine opportunity for evangelistic lay aside their pride and come pleading and be- work in our hospitals. seeching for that which they believe Christian doc- What is the exact purpose of our medical work? tors are able to give. It is true that they are in Is it merely a means of attracting people within spiritual need also, and no doubt doctors often range of the Gospel message, or is it useful after miss the underlying spiritual disease, and give [574 ] cascara when what the patient really needs is a with a course in chemistry; an essential part of "mental cathartic." No doubt we often fail to the course, a place where the things explained in add to our medicines the skilful spiritual touch lectures are actually carried out in life. that would remove the real cause and bring a per~ manent cure. We are apt to think too closely merely of the evangelistic effect of our medical work upon pa- For some have more sin than fever, tients; it should be looked for rather in the com- And some have more grief than pain. munity. The great spiritual value of our Lord's healing did not come to those actually healed, but God help me make whole both body and soul to the healthy who beheld the Power and Spirit of Before they go out again. what was done. Men who come to us for physical healing are not often seeking spiritual healing. We must remember that a host of Christian For this reason the work seldom yields spiritual t~rms carry to the Moslem mind a far different results in proportion to the effort expended. The meaning from what we intend. If, as we are fact that our hospitals render a valuable physical sometimes urged, we "joyfully give to them the service in the spirit of love, which requires no mamessage of eternal Life in Christ, through whom terial reward, not even gratitude, shows the peoalone they can attain to perfect harmony and ple that this is Christianity in life, and that Christ health," we shall be merely casting our pearls be~ is not a dead prophet but a living force in the fore swine, with the usual result. How will they world today. This is a very important factor in understand our earnest evangelistic appeal? The the Christianization of the land. It furnishes a man whose disease has not been entirely cured good background for the preaching of the Gospel will put us down as charlatans, trying to cover up in reading room, chapel, school and private conour inability to cure him by introducing another ferences. It softens hearts, not so much the hearts subject! Many a one who has been healed will of the physically ill as the hearts of the commusay to his friends: "Bah! Sons of dogs! These nity's healthy, thinking men. They thus come to Christians treat the sick, but why? They first see the religion of Christ as something living, cure your disease to put you under obligation to vital, essential to their own welfare. Let us emthem, then they insult you by insisting that you phasize anew our real evangelistic task. ought to turn your back on Islam and the greatest of the Prophets and join them with their corrupted Indispensable Elements and altered gospel, with its talk of three Gods, the Son of God (Who begets not, neither is begotten, There are three definite and indispensable elepraise His Name!) and other notions as ignorant ments in a hospital as "an integral part of the and ridiculous. They want to foist on us their missionary enterprise" – efficient medical treatpig~eating and wine-drinking, their immorality of ment, including good nursing; the spirit of Christ women who go about half dressed and with shame- throughout; the simple verbal explanation that less open faces, their money-worship, and denial this is Christian, that He is our strength, and that of the oneness of God !" He is to be praised and thanked rather than the doctors. Is this out of date? Not at all. This is true of many who find their first Christian contact in our With the rapid advance of Persian standards of hospitals. Any attempt to force spiritual results medical work and the passing of the pioneer stage, here results often in the enmity of the patient and we need improved equipment, better laboratories, his friends. Seed sown upon hard, impermeable better assistants; and must limit ourselves to ground will not grow. One task of our hospitals fewer patients. The standard for the hospitals of is that of ploughing, breaking up hard clods, win- Syria has recently been suggested as thirty outning confidence by deserving it. Persistently urg- patients and twenty in-patients per doctor! ing men to become Christians carries to their minds the suggestion that we are getting paid so Our hospitals must be different from the govmuch per head by our government or supporting ernment hospitals, in the Christian love manisociety. Our definite contribution is to bring men fested among ourselves and our helpers. We to the knowledge of Christ; not to persuade them must be the fathers and mothers of our helpers, to become professing Christians. and must teach them Christian principles of life and work. They must learn to serve the poor as In our treatment of professing Christians, it is well as the rich, to be careful, thorough, truthful, our task to lead them to a better knowledge of the sympathetic, clean, patient, cheerful. We need to riches of love in Christ Jesus. We must do a lot develop helpers who are not only efficient in medof teaching and explaining; but we must avoid ical technique – a formidable task in itself – but mere "proselytizing." We need more faith: hav- who will enter into the Christian spirit of the ing ploughed, and sown a little seed, we must work. From the time when a patient enters our await the harvest, not trying to force it. The hospital until he is dismissed, we must make all medical work is like the laboratory in connection contacts with him courteous, patient, Christian.

To this end some form of daily "family" prayers individuals, and the nurses would do more and is essential, when all the hospital force come to- better religious talking with the patients. gether, preferably in the morning, for a few minutes of quiet thinking and worship. Most of our Copies of the Gospels should be available for the Presbyterian hospitals in Persia do not have daily patients to read in the language they know. Often prayers of the whole staff. one man will read to a room full which may be better than for an outsider to do much reading. This is not enough. While showing men the We have found a small cupboard useful as a de- Spirit of Christ, they must be told that this is pository for the books along with various other Christianity. Otherwise this fact, so obvious to books in charge of the senior ward nurses. If the us, will not occur to them at all! Obviously, their Christians are nurses and reasonably intelligent, preconceived ideas of Christianity are not very they will explain passages as patients ask quesfavorable, else many of them would already have tions. The doctor also may occasionally explain a been Christians. Here careful definition is neces- passage. sary. Our task is not to persuade them to become professing Christians, in order to "flee from the A certain amount of social service work is wrath to come," by the magical Name of Jesus, greatly needed, and it sometimes seems that spebut they must learn that it is He who has equipped cial workers ought to be available for it. Without and empowered us for this task. In all fairness this, the medical work often fails to do quite we must give Him the praise and glory for what enough. For example, a young, illiterate daywe are able to do, as much for the sake of our own laborer suffered from a broken leg when a wall integrity as Christians as that they may thank fell on it. He was in the hospital seven weeks, Him for their cure. making a satisfactory recovery. He was well fed and nursed and heard the Gospel explained daily; As to the technique of this, opinions will differ. but he seemed depressed and apathetic. Some- We must appear frankly and openly before our thing else was needed that the hospital was unable helpers and patients as Christians. We may lead to supply. The meagre family income was suda prayer service, preach occasionally, make it a denly cut off and his wife and two children were practice to have a word of prayer before each op- destitute. When he went home he found that one eration, or in other ways reveal our dependence on of the children had died, and his wife had wan- Christ. But in praying for patients we should dered away to another city with the other child. avoid praying before them that they become He was unable to work for a week after his dis- Christians. That will spoil things and lead them charge, as the leg was stilI weak. Had his family to think that after all we are not so much inter- been relieved during his illness and had he been ested in healing their diseases as in trying to given some hand work to do to earn a little money proselytize them for the sake of the bonus that while recovering, and had he been taught to read, our government gives us. This was reported in using the Gospel of John as a textbook, he might Meshed a few years ago to be $400 a head. We have been definitely enriched instead of embittered should pray for their recovery; that the blind eye toward life. Here is a problem that frequently may be made to see, the pain and disease removed, presents itself in a land where the wolf hovers too and the heart made perfectly happy by finding near the door. What a service the Persian Church real peace. might render the community by tiding such folks over their time of need! A clergyman should be connected with each hospital, for several reasons. The teaching possi- In every station where there is medical work bilities of our hospitals have been largely lost there should be a committee on evangelistic work sight of because too much time has been given to in the hospital, consisting of the medical staff and trying to "win" men to an open profession of a man and a lady evahgelist to plan the work and faith. This teaching work is properly the task of draw the general picture. The medical workers the clergyman who should plan it and carry out should be members and attendants of the local a schedule of addresses, lantern talks, etc. He church. A clergyman and a lady evangelistic could profitably make rounds with the doctors worker should be assigned to evening work in the once a week, thus appearing before patients as hospital on a more definite schedule. The evanone in real sympathy with them. He would thus gelistic work should consist in instruction rather keep in touch with the medical work, see any of than "proselytizing," and special care should be his friends who happened to be patients, see the exercizea. to avoid injuring the sensibilities ef even Christian members of the staff at work, and keep the most fanatieal patients or their friends. The the evangelistic side of the work regularly before whole missionary effort should be directed toward .the doctor's mind. He should also stand ready to making the medical work genuinely and wholly talk with any who ask for him. The doctor would Christian, in spirit and in fact, an "integral part have occasional suggestions to make about certain of the missionary enterprise," and a part of the coming Christian society in Persia.

Are Jews! *

The Challenge of American Jewry to the Church By the REV. JOHN STUART CONNING, Secretary of Jewish Evangelization, Board of National Missions "WHY, they're Jews!" was the astonished What America Means to the Jews exclamation of an urban pastor when re- America, however, has spelled more than oppor- tunity to the Jew; it has signified a new environ- minded that he had probably several ment and all the things that go with it-adapta- tion, modification, change. Things are not as they hundred members of the race of Jesus living in were among the Jews. The traditional Jewish life of Eastern Europe has gone beyond recall. Under his parish to whom he might be spiritually help- the constant pressure of American industrial and commercial life, traditional Jewish customs are ful. Another pastor,. in response to the same re- generally disregarded, while the acceptance of modern scientific and philosophical concepts has Tmhineydegr~ said: "We have no contact with Jews. robbed the ancient faith of its sanctions. The their way and we go ours." A third re- Saturday Sabbath no longer dominates Jewish communities. The dietary laws are less and less plied: "Really, I 'have never thought of that!" rigidly observed. Inter-marriage is on the in- crease. And what is giving Jewish leaders grave And this last reply is doubtless the reason so many concern is the disspiriting drift from the syna- gogue. Rabbi Goldenson, of Temple Emanu-el, pastors and churches are not Jew-conscious and New York City, recently expressed his disappoint- ment that in a city with two million Jews, not have not sought to share with their Jewish neigh- more than fifty thousand were in regular attend- ance at synagogue services. bors the spirit and faith of Jesus as Saviour and Side by side with these trends away from the Lord. And this is the reason also why there has ancient Jewish heritage and the decline of the old reverences there has been observable in many grown up in this country a Jewish situation that areas of Jewish life a real yearning and search for spiritual satisfaction. The Jew today is openchallenges the best thought and statesmanship minded as he has not been for generations. He will listen to anyone who offers surcease from perthat the Church can command. sonal or social ills. Christian Science has won so large a Jewish following that a movement within The situation has grown upon us so gradually. Judaism called "Jewish Science" has been devised to stay the drift. Socialism with its doctrine of The few thousand Jews in America at the middle human brotherhood and practice of social equality has enlisted in its ranks tens of thous'ands of of the last century have increased through immi- young Jewish working people. Every modern cult has a Jewish following. gration, mainly from Eastern Europe, until ~o~ay Christianity, too, has its chance. There is a we have in the United States nearly five mllhon spirit of inquiry among Jews which is leading them by thousands to read the New Testament, Jews, about one-third of all the Jews in the world. visit Christian churches, listen to sermons over the radio and give consideration to the claims of New York, with its two million Jews, is the larg- Christianity. There is an encouraging response of Jews to the Gospel when presented with symest center of Jewish life known to history, while pathy and understanding. The neighborhood house approach has been found particularly ef- Chicago has more Jews than Warsaw, and Phila- delphia than Vienna or Kiev. And here the Jews have prospered phenomenally. They have taken commercial and educational advantages to the full and have come to the fore in many de- partments of our American life. The clothing, jewelry, tobacco and other industries are largely in their hands. Their influence is felt in the pro- fessions, in law, medicine, education, journalism, art, literature, wherever the call of opportunity appeals to their eager, restless spirit. The amuse- ment business, as represented by the theater, mov- ing picture, and radio are largely controlled by Jews. And when we look at our public life and think of such names as Lehman, Morgenthau, Brandeis or Cordozo, we realize the high place occupied by Jews in national affairs. We have here not only the largest Jewry in the world, but the most influential. What happens to the Jews in America will effect every Jewry on the globe. Is not this a challenge to the Church?

• From The Presbyterian, Philadelphia. fective. When Jews are dealt with as friends and [577 ]

neighbors with whom it is a privilege to share the way of Pharaoh and Haman, of deTorquemada through the fellowship of daily association the and Pobyedonostev. But it is not the Christian Good News concerning God's love in Jesus Christ, way. His Son, there are spiritual results that gladden the hearts of all who are concerned for the re- The challenge to the Church is clear. Christians demption of Israel. Not only rabbis and orthodox must rebuke racial prejudice and create Christian Jews, but atheists, radical socialists, and commu- attitudes toward the Jewish people. We have in nists have come under the spell of Jesus Christ our hands the key for the solution of the Jewish and have yielded their lives to Him as Saviour problem. It fits every ward of the complicated and Lord. lock. We possess a Gospel, born of infinite love for all mankind, which can subdue prejudice and The First Hebrew Christian Church, of Chi- ill will and conquer all aversions and hatreds. To cago, organized last year, is a demonstration of apply that Gospel to the healing of the world's the fact that Jews can be reached with the Gospel sorrows is the task of the Church. It must be and that they are willing to share in the extension applied to the healing of the age-long sorrows of of the cause of Christ, not only among their own the Jew. The place to begin is in the Church itpeople, but throughout the world. The minister, self. Little progress can be made in commending officers and members of this church are all Jews, the faith of Christ to His own people if those who as are the officers and teachers of the Sunday are its witnesses deny its fundamental ethic. school. Each individual has come into the church through a definite religious experience and can This is a time of crisis for the Jew. It is a time bear personal testimony to the reality of the faith of testing for the Church. If the Church awakes he has confessed. to its unparalleled opportunity a work may be done here in America for Christ's own people far There are many pastors who have discovered transcending anything that has been attempted that Jews are not only approachable, but respon- since the days of the Apostles. sive to the claims of Christ when presented with a loving heart. More than two thousand mem- "BY HAND PICKING" bers of the Hebrew race are now connected with the Presbyterian Church as ministers, mission- There is much significance in these sentences aries, church officers, and members, loyal in her from Bishop John M. Springer's account, in The service and generous in the support of her work Christian Advocate, of recent widespread converat home and abroad. The fact that there are sions in Africa: over 3,300 Presbyterian churches alone that are located in places where there are Jews, and have "All we students at the theological seminary the opportunity to render them service, calls us recently went to Maranke for ten days, and there to accept this God-given opportunity to share we had a wonderful time in our camp meeting," with our Jewish neighbors, as with other unevan- Demas Chama, of the Congo, student at Old Umgelized people, the Gospel of divine love, God's tali, Rhodesia, wrote me recently. answer to the cry of every human heart. Demas continues: "Then we went to Gandan- Not the least part of the challenge that comes zara, where we had another chance, and spent ten to the Church in relation to the Jewish people is days preaching to them the word of life and the the rising tide of anti-semitism in America. Hith- everlasting Kingdom. . . . We all came closely to erto, this country has been singularly free from Jesus, our Saviour; the people numbered 2,500. organized anti-Jewish movements. What little we have had has been short-lived. Prejudice has ex- r saw an old woman stand up and begin to preach, isted, but has found little expression beyond the utterances of individuals. Now, however, anti- and another old man did the same, till all the semitism has become a menace, not only to Jews, camp meeting became on fire for God the Father but to American ideals and the peace and harmony of all nations. There were three great chiefs, of our people. Jew hatred that has spread its Gandanzara, Mukahanana, and Chikuruwo. These blight over Germany, Poland, and other Euro- Christian chiefs stood and said that their feelings pean countries has made its appearance in our were no more as great men we call chiefs, but as own land. Nazi propaganda has planted its cells the servants of Jesus Christ." … in many American cities. Other anti-semitic movements bear the brand, "Made in America." It is During the past five years, in spite of the wholesaid that no fewer than six hundred centers of sale depression which the French more aptly call .anti-Jewish, propaganda exist to foster prejudice :;tgainst the Jews and impose upon them racial a La Crise, there has been what might· well be 'disabilities. It is the old, old way of meeting the Jewish problem, the way of hatred and oppression, termed "mass movement" of converts to ·Christ in all of our African Conferences. But it has come about in the natural way prescribed by our Lord: the going out by the converts to tell the good news to others. This great harvest has not been brought about by a windfall but by hand picking.

Catholic Activity I•n Pagan

I By KENNETH G. GRUBB, Survey Department, The World Dominion Press, London -··~t I ~========================~ THE Roman Catholic Church has been giving in the Belgian Congo, speaking reeently at Leo- constantly increasing attention to missionary poldville, said: expansion. The Church is no longer content to remain within traditional bounds, if she has The Catholic Church is not Belgian, or French, Eng- lish, Italian or American; it is Catholic; Belgian in Bel- ever been. The passing of centuries has witnessed gium, French in France, Italian in Italy…. In the Congo the stay of the advance of Islam in Europe. The it must be Congolese; in the construction of sacred ediweakness of the (Greek) Orthodox Church has fices, in the manufacture of objects for use in liturgical long been apparent. The Protestant churches functions, lines and colors and all the elements of Congo- lese art must be scrupulously observed. . . . When the have been hampered by the catastrophe of the natives are in church they must not feel that they are in World War and the limitation imposed upon Ger- a strange house; they must feel that they are in their own man missions for economic and political reasons. church.

The chaos of the times has thrown into strong The year 1936 marks the tenth anniversary of relief those advantages which accrue to central- the publication of the encyclical Rerum Ecclesiae,: ized control, while concealing the disadvantages. in which world-wide evangelization was stressed, Under these circumstances the Roman Catholic with special emphasis on the training of native· Church in recent years has rightly seen an un- clergy and a general "indigenous" policy.

precedented opportunity for expansion. The The Propaganda controls considerable financial whole administrative machinery of the Vatican, resources. The financial settlement which was a headed by the Pope, is known as the curia, the part of the Lateran Treaty in 1929 between the highest body of which is the College of Cardinals. Italian State and the Vatican involved the pay- The political affairs of the curia are handled by a ment to the latter of about $87,000,000, and it is Cardinal Seeretary of State, and the spiritual af- understood that the greater part of this is to be fairs by eleven congregations or councils. One of devoted to missions. As Catholic clergy areceli- the latter is the Congregation de Propaganda bate the expense on personnel is relatively light.

Fide, known as the Propaganda. It was organ- Extraordinary efforts have been made to arouse ized in the seventeenth century, reorganized in the interest of the faithful in the cause and thus 1908, and is the missionary arm of the Church. to gain their support. The union of clergy on It meets twice a month and has charge of those behalf of missions has been recommended in the regions where the hierarchy is not established. most authoritative quarters, and regional con- Its auxiliaries, or mobile forces, are the various gresses are held to concentrate attention on the religious orders, and it has its own funds. appeal and the opportunity. Along with "Catholic The first advantage possessed by Roman Cath- Action," the mission field has been the cause olic missions is unity of control or direction, in- which has most often been kept before the troducing co-ordination into the work of the re- Church.

ligious orders which otherwise would consume These considerations naturally constitute a their energies in mutual jealousies. It is quite background to all Roman Catholic expansion in possible that a certain amount of flexibility and the mission fields of the world. In reeent years spontaneous spiritual impulse is lost through this especial attention has been given to Central unity of direction, but its advantages must be ad- Africa. Of the funds which the Propaganda con- mitted. Not the least of these has been that the troIs about one-quarter has been devoted to Africa well-known missionary interest of the present -equal to the amount allocated to China, and Pope has been reflected in an increase of activity. twice that given to India.

The Roman Catholic Church is also following The expansion of Roman Catholicism in Cen- a policy of "nationalization" designed to harmo- tral Africa has been great, although it would be a nize the development of the Church with the cul- mistake to exaggerate it. It is helped by certain ture and outlook of each land. A number of in- powerful factors in the political situation. In digenous bishops have been consecrated, although British Africa the Roman Catholic missions are not, as yet, an African. The Apostolic Delegate on the same footing as other religious bodies; [579 ]

they receive, for example, educational grants-in- frequent. But Protestanism rarely benefits to aid, provided their schools reach the requisite any great extent from a political hostility which standard of efficiency. Their standing before the is directed primarily against the Catholic Church.

law is the same as that of Protestant missions; Governments should treat all churches alike under they are treated with s.crupulous fairness and a legislation which is really intended only to re- impartiality by administrative officers; and it strain offenders. If, therefore, Protestants do not should also be added that the fact of the Anglican suffer from political pressure on the accusation of Church being an established Church in England "denationalization," they are apt to be ground brings no appreciable advantage to Protestant between the nationalist policy of governments and missions. No discrimination is made against mis- the interests of the dominant Church which are sionaries of any religion on the ground of their opposed to it.

nationality, now that the postwar restrictions Italian Africa against German missionaries have been removed. In January, 1936, the departure of the last of the Swedish missionaries from Eritrea was an- It is unfortunate that, in the colonies of powers nounced. Their home going was undoubtedly acwhose religious traditions have been molded by celerated by the international situation; but for the Papacy, the same fair treatment has not al- many years it had been clear that, unless the sitways been given to Protestant missions. Roman uation changed, the work would be closed. The Catholic spokesmen have sedulously inculcated the Swedish Mission was founded in 1865, before idea, in season and out of season, that Catholicism Eritrea had come under Italian control. The early is the hallmark of good citizenship; and that, as Italian governors viewed the mission with favor a consequence, not to be a Catholic is to fail in and benevolence. A church with a Christian comloyalty to the State. Telling examples of this in- munity of some ten thousand souls was built up; sidious propaganda are given below. Thus Prot- a notable literary activity was developed, to which estant missions are attacked on the grounds that the native Christians made a solid spiritual and they "denationalize" the native, and pressure is intellectual contribution; and a chain of schools exerted to compel local administrations to impose was established. But these very activities, linhampering conditions on their activities.

Moreover, the colonial policies of Great Britain guistic and educational, provoked official hostility.

and of the Latin nations are different in their gen- They were precisely the activities which, from eral outlook. The "Dual Mandate" fostered by one point of view, hindered national assimilation, Britain in Africa, and so successfully tried out in placing membership in the Kingdom of God above Nigeria, provides for a proper recognition of the' that in the Kingdom of Italy. About 1917 the constructive ideas in native social customs, and Italian attitude to Protestant missions changed; encourages the use of native languages when they missionaries on furlough could not return and are widespread and obviously of general utility. new recruits were not admitted. The Italian The policy of assimilation followed by most Latin Franciscans were able to strengthen their staff, governments, notably the French, Italian and and Roman Catholic propaganda increased.

Portuguese, is inimical to the perpetuation of Portuguese Africa tribal identity, and seeks to supplant native cus- toms and languages by those of the colonizing For a long time a systematic attempt has been power. Protestantism, with its emphasis on the made in both Portugal and its African colonies Word of God, has tended in its mission work to to discredit Protestant missions. The Angola make much use of the presentation of Christian press, especially in Luanda, is constantly publish- truth in the natural language of the people. The ing articles setting forth the necessity of Catholi- result is that Protestant missions in the colonies cizing the colony. Statements, manifestly devoid of "Latin" nations are open to a double attack. of foundation, are continually made in Portugal The Roman Church attacks them on the ground to the detriment of Protestant missions, and the that Catholicism best ministers to the religious widespread medical, educational, social and evan- and cultural traditions of the State; political gelistic work done by the Protestant missions is pressure is apt also to bear adversely on them on completely ignored. Here is a recent example.

the ground that they are instruments of "dena- At a pub.Iic meeting on colonial questions, on Feb- tionalization." When, therefore, the interests of ruary 20 of this year at the Geographical Society Catholicism can be made to agree, if only tempo- of Lisbon, which was reported at length in the rarily, with those of nationalism, as in Portugal papers; the lecturer opened by quoting the Min- today, Protestant missions are faced with a grave ister of Colonies in 1935 to the effect that Prot- issue. Nationalism, however, is fundamentally in- estant missions were working against Portugal, compatible with the ideals of Roman Catholicism, whereas the pupils of the Catholic schools of Ben- and clashes between the Church and State are guela were proud to repeat, "Weare Catholics and

ROMAN CATHOLIC ACTIVITY IN PAGAN AFRICA

'Catholic' is synonymous with 'Portuguese.'''* Christ. On the outcome of this struggle will de- This kind of thing could be multiplied indefinitely, pend the type of Christianity which is to prevail with examples from both the East and West Afri- in this great area of Central Africa.

can possessions of Portugal. In 1934 121,109 adults were reported baptized Roman Catholic baptisms in Angola numbered in Catholic missions. There are 805 foreign and 43,000 in 1934, and the number of adherents is 37 native priests, in addition to numbers of lay put at 425,000. The figure of 291,000 was given brethren and sisters. The total missionary force in 1931. If these figures are accurate, it is evi- already numbers over 2,000. From one boat dent that a notable increase has taken place. The which arrived at Matadi in November, 1935, 80 prelature of Mozambique, which owing to special disembarked, representing 19 orders. Over 1,200 circumstances does not depend on the Propa- young native men are in training for the priest- ganda, but on the Congregation of Extraordinary hood. Pupils in Catholic schools number 454,969.

Foreign Affairs, reports only 9,250 Catholics in Ruanda Urundi is mandated territory, where 1932. The subsidy of approximately £40,000 is conditions are somewhat different. Article 8 of given to Roman Catholic missions in Angola, with the Mandate binds the mandatary to ensure "comprivileges, such as workers' exemption from cus- plete freedom of conscience and the free exercise toms dues and hut taxes. No subsidies are given of all forms of worship which are consonant with Protestant bodies. public order and morality." There has been some Belgian Africa controversy over the nature of the rights thus guaranteed, and the question was recently raised The difficulties of the last few years in the at the Permanent Mandates Commission in Ge- Congo have received much attention, but the pres- neva. The Governor-general of the Congo has ent Governor has shown himself well disposed to decided on a policy which should insure to Prot- maintain the provisions of the Colonial Charter estants the liberty to which they have a clear title.

and the Convention of St. Germain-en-Laye, guar- Spanish and French Africa anteeing freedom of conscience and the free exer- cise of all forms of religion. In recent years The trend of events "in this limited sphere illusgrave cases of abuse have occurred, whereby trates the other tendency, namely, the determina- Protestant natives have been subjected to unfair treatment, and even physical violence. But the tion of the government to limit some of the pre- tensions of Roman Catholic missions. A o.ecree real question has been educational. The situation was issued in 1935 in Madrid which has also limis peculiar in the Congo inasmuch as all education ited the activities of some of the Protestant misis left in the hands of missions. There has been sionaries. But as some of these questions are now no legislation against Protestant schools, but no being considered, it is not wise to discuss them government grants have been available for them, and few, if any, government posts have been open in print. to their graduates. The educational system set up in 1927 recognizes. only "national," which in There is evidence to show that, although in cerpractice means Roman Catholic, schools, and con- tain regions of French Africa the Roman Catholic fines all government eoucation to Roman Catholic Church is making great efforts, its success will teaching orders. Any capitulation to the threat depend on the legitimate use of its own energies contained in this situation on the part of Prot- and resources. If local authorities show bias, or estants would have the effect of leaving all educa- favoritism, this is generally due to local circumtion in the hands of the Roman Catholic missions. stances, and receives censure rather than en- dorsement from higher officials and from the colonial ministry when the circumstances are ex- The Annuaire des Missions Catholiques au plained. Nevertheless, perhaps in. no part of Congo Belge states that Catholics in the Belgian Africa is it so necessary that missionaries should Congo and Ruanda Urundi now number 1,232,018, have an adequate knowledge of the language of and catechumens 1,032,660, making a total of over the governing power, and a proper acquaintance two and a quarter millions. In another article in with the colonial traditions which have molded this report it is shown that there are about a mil- French policy in Africa. For this reason all mislion Protestants in the Congo; three and a quar- sionaries are advised to study in Paris, if possible ter million Christians therefore exist in the region for two years, and certainly not for less than six today, among a population of some fourteen mil- months. A more detailed discussion of consideralions. Ten and three-quarter millions are still tions which affect all intending missionaries and in paganism, and the struggle which lies ahead all secretaries and board members of missions will be an effort to bring to these spiritual life in which carry responsibilities in French territory • As reported in the Diario de Noticias. Lisbon, February 21, may be found in a paper by M. Leenhardt, of 1'936. Paris, Initiation des Missions Etrangeres en

Colonie Fran~aises. The essential points raised ture will lie in one or other of these directions. by M. Leenhardt are being set out in the review, This article should not be construed as a po- World Dominion. lemic against the Roman Church. That Church Although we may consider that Catholicization has every right to use all the legitimate means is a superficial form of evangelization, and is, within her power to advance her cause and the therefore, of little importance to us, its impor- Christianization of pagan peoples. But it is evitance arises precisely from its superficiality. The dent that the Protestant and Catholic communions point at issue is, whether we shall regard the hold ideas of liberty and tolerance which differ in evangelization of Central Africa as that of a theory and clash in practice. Further, to the expagan people whose grosser superstitions are tent to which modern governments are influenced bound in any case to disappear; or must we, in by these ideas, to that extent do they embody a years to come, contemplate a Catholic-pagan pop- broad-minded or a narrow policy in colonial legulation and expect either a Reformation such as islation. It may yet prove possible to resolve Europe experienced in the sixteenth century, or some of these differences in a spirit of Christian the type of evangelization that now characterizes charity. In the long run, however, it is as well Latin America or southern Europe. If we con- to remember that Christian love alone can claim sent to the present rapid spread of Roman irresistible power; without it the attempt to move Catholicism in Africa the prospects of the fu- mountains by faith is but wasted labor.

What Christ Has Done for Banyankole ANKOLE is only a small district of the Uganda who still follow that custom, but there are many .r. Protectorate, and the writer belongs to this Christian men having each but one wife who are living pure lives. Children who used to grow up country. The Banyankole, the inhabitants in their heathen homes and so learned all the evil of this district, are divided into two tribes: Aba- of such homes are now taken to school and are hima, the cattle-people, and Abairn, agricultur- taught about Christ and His love. ists. The former is the ruling tribe. To estimate what.Christ has done and is doing for my people, As already stated, Ankole is only a small dis- I must touch nearly every department of their trict of Uganda Protectorate, and there are many lives, and compare it with the pre-Christian state such districts in Uganda. There used to be conof things. The government used to be despotic. tinual wars and disputes between the various dis- The king had all power in his hands, and had some tricts, and even among the people of the same chiefs under him. Most of the kings were cruel district. The Abahima despised the Abairn and tyrants, and the chiefs who ruled under them were could not even eat with them. Now the love of very much influenced by their king in the way Christ has been shed in their hearts and the wars, they treated their people. One is likely to at- disputes and all other things which separated peotribute the good government of the country, since ple are ceasing. I am writing this article while Christianity came, and the peace and satisfaction on a mission of preaching the Gospel with a team in the people's hearts only to the British govern- of friends, some of whom have traveled over three ment. There is much truth in that view, but it is hundred miles, and the team is made up from difnot the whole truth. I know that the rulers have ferent tribes, a thing which my father some forty feelings of their own, influenced by their belief in years ago would not have dreamed of. Christ. Now there is still a king who rules the country, but not despotically, and he and the chiefs Several things are greatly needed for winning are quite different from their predecessors. There Africa for Christ. We need keen missionaries, are many chiefs who are honest, truthful and just, men and women who are out and out for Christ and who sympathize with their poor people. and the Africans. We need money to help with the work. People have not yet learned to give as The next thing to consider is the religion of the they ought, and in many of the districts of people. In olden days they worshiped the evil Uganda- people are very poor. But I think the spirits and the spirits of their ancestors, and were greatest need is to get Africans who are really very superstitious. Today there are thousands who converted and on fire for winning their brother have become Christians, and to these the time of and sister Africans to Christ. These would know spirit worship and superstition has passed. the difficulties of their' people, and they could deal with them and show them how they themselves In home life Christ has done and is doing much have been helped to conquer those same difficulties. for the people. Men used to have several wives, and even today there are many of the Christians REV. ERICA SABITI, Ankole, Uganda.

I Am a

By FLORENCE WALNE, Shimonoseki, Japan T o STAND at a crossing where all the road- full measure of the skepticism which has this peo- ways of the world come together to follow ple in its grip; a meeting of mothers who have them with the mind to those far corners to no conception of the meaning of a home with God which they lead-across the shining waterways in it (though gods they may have a-plenty!); an of the earth-to lands unseen and peoples unmet: organization of young girls so apt to go adrift to know, somehow, that one of those roads is with nothing by which to steer their course. I yours; to definitely set your face in the direction stand before them with the Bible in my hand- in which it goes; to companion by the way with mine the privilege, mine the sacred duty, mine Him who said, "Let us cross to the other side," the high honor of interpreting the Message of all and to find at the end that one service you were men's Father to these His children who know Him put here to find I-Who but a foreign missionary not. Mine the Bread of Life to give, mine the Liv- can know what it is like and what foreign mis- ing Water, mine the Abundant Life which comes sionary can really tell anyone about it? with the possession of Christ. Like Frederic My- "Why do you do it?" an English neighbor in ers' Paul, Shimonoseki (Japan) used frequently to ask me. Then, with a rush, the intolerable craving The question was accompanied by a deeply puz- Shivers throughout me like a trumpet call, zled look which indicated the sincerity of the ques- and the desire to give them something, something, tioner's desire to know. She was a former actress before they go away-some of them never to reon the London stage, whose life had held no place turn-amounts to a passion terrific and exhaustfor religion in any form, and in Japan only be- ing. cause her husband was in business here, chafing constantly at the necessity which kept her in this And how could I tell of that joy,-surpassing part of the world. My being here as a matter of other joys in depth and solemnity-which comes deliberate choice was something utterly beyond with the knowledge that God has let me lead one her grasp; how could I tell her so that she could of His seeking children to where He might be understand? That understanding in some meas- found. The illuminating effect, in one's own spirure, did come to her, as she told me in a letter after itual life, of such an expe~ience is beyond the moving to another town. "I went to a reception power of words to convey. I never felt this more recently," she wrote, "and met only one woman strongly than when one of our loveliest girls died, whose face attracted me. I was not surprised a little over a year ago, very soon after she had when I learned that she was the only missionary found Christ.

present that night. I think that before I left Until a few short months before she died, Shimonoseki I got a glimmer of why you are over The Christ to her was all unknown. here and why you are happy to be here and no But she made such haste to open wide where else." How that glimmer reached her I do Her heart, and sweep it clean of faiths outgrownnot know, for truly one does not, cannot, speak Legacies of a pagan age, far past and dim, of the great forces which wrestle with one's soul Of quests for the truth her forbears sought to knowwhen once the hand of God has fallen upon it. And give all its generous room to Him, Whose beauty in that first hour filled her so. There is the silence of a spiritual crisis, That when (so soon it seemed to us) there came Through which your soul, exquisitely tortured, That last great call from Him-to leave all on earth Comes with visions not to be uttered And earth itself-it was with just that same Sweet readiness, that quick response to worth Into a realm of higher life. Revealed in Him-the Bridgegroom of the soul- That she obeyed. And tired young body all forgot, How could I, for instance, ever communicate Pain all forgot, in garments, shining, whole, that feeling which comes over me with a rush Bride-like, her spirit went to Him, tarrying not.

some ntiomnebse1wl· ehveenrsI -satacn1dasbsefoofreyoaugnrgoumpeno,f Japa- While I, who on a darkened way nese eager Sought to give a fellow-traveler light, and thoughtful regarding life, but endowed with a Sharing the strength of my own dim ray, [583 ]

Find the road grown luminous and bright ,happy, beyond words, that it led me to Japan. I With a radiancy which far outshone have found, I know beyond all doubt, my service My own! here. The sense of belonging is so complete and satisfying. There is no question of sacrifice. That Not that a missionary is a constant dweller on would come in having to go away, leaving my task unfinished. To retrace one's steps over one's road, rarified spiritual heights! I wonder if it is possi- away from "that one service" in which one found so much joy-that would be a sacrifice which I ble to imagine blacker des-pair than I have known pray may not be asked of me.

in hours of questioning my fitness for the task to When Time's little day has slipped away into the shadows of a forever-closed past-when the which I am committed? I heard Dr. Speer say, endless Tomorrow has dawned for souls at home with the Father, I fancy that a large company at a Student Volunteer Convention many years will gather about the Master, and, just as the dis- ciples did on their return from missions upon ago, that a missionary's preparation for his work which He had sent them, they will tell Him, each one, of what happened on the one road each had consists in getting possession of the Gospel Mes- taken, of what each had seen, and felt, and said, and done! How free then will be the talk-of forsage. (1) In his mind, "he must know what he is est trails and lonely huts in Africa, and of black men joining the "Tribe of God"; of how India's to say and be clear that he believes it, for the day many faiths and creeds gave way before "The Christ of the Indian Road"; of how China broke will come when he will stand with it,all alone, through a fog of bewilderment and uncertainty, superstition and strife, to the light shed by the speaking to men who are absolutely secure in their personality of the Prince of Peace; of how all the many "systems" in Japan-the social and indusposition of challenge and of doubt." (2) In his trial, educational and religious, bec'ame permeated with the spirit and thought of Jesus; of how He life, ". . . for the people to whom he goes can- was made to walk again in Bible lands, under- stood, received and adored; and so on around the not see a Christ who is not incarnated for them." world which God so loved that He gave His Son to save. How easy it will be then to break the Doubt as to whether one has the first of these silence of years and how sweet the understanding and fellowship! I would rather have a seat in two qualifications may, perchance, never trouble that gathering of "returned missionaries" than a throne in the greatest kingdom on earth! one, but how often the doubt as to whether one "PRAY ONE FOR ANOTHER" can lay claim to the second requirement brings JAMES 5: 16 on sleepless nights and hours of agony! If we I cannot tell why there should come to me missionaries were only more completely in pos- A thought of someone miles and miles away, session of the Message in our lives, the peoples of In swift insistence on the memory- Unless there be a need that I should pray. these lands to which we have come would not be Too hurried oft are we to spare a thought, so long in opening their hearts to receive the For days together, of some friend away, Christ whom we preach and then deny! Perhaps God does it for us, and we ought To read His signal as a call to pray. Another difficult but, to my mind, very essen- Perhaps, just then, my friend has fiercer fight, tial thing in a missionary is the ability to give his Some overwhelming sorrow or decay life to the people and to the particular task to Of courage; darkness, some lost sense of right; And so, in case he needs my help, I pray. whom and to which it has been dedicated and, at Friend, do the same for me! If I, unsought, the same time, keep a place in his heart for fields Intrude upon you, on some crowded day, and phases of missionary endeavor other than his Give me a moment's prayer, in passing thought, Be very sure I need .it: therefore, pray. own. A missionary should be the most broad- MARIANNE F ARNINGHAM. minded, the biggest-hearted, the most widely and deeply sympathetic man on God's earth. How can a true missionary be otherwise? The missionary vision must necessarily include a world won for Christ. The Master's thoughts were never only for those to whom He happened to be ministering at any particular time, but "other sheep have I which are not of this cfaorled,"trHemeesnadi~dusalnYd embraced all in His love. To about the world, even as P·aul, and Livingstone, and other great missionary souls have done! "Read your home letters first," said Stanley. "You must be impatien.t for them." "Oh," said Livingstone, "I have waIted for years for letters. I can wait a few hours longer. No, tell me first, how's the world getting on?"

Forbes Robinson, in his Letters, s'ays that his father on his death bed cried, "If I had a thousand lives to give I would give them all all to the min- istry!" If I had a thousand lives to give I believe I would want to give them all to missionary work for Christ. But since I have only the one, and so could follow only one of the many roads, I am

Christ Found Me in

The Story of Ajitadass, Translated by MASON OLCOTT, Vellore I WAS born a Jain in Banyan Village, six miles shady place where with great joy I prayed, was from Tindivanam, South Arcot District. My quiet and read my Bible. I carried my school family are the strictest of vegetarians, eating textbooks outside of my Bible and used to read no meat, eggs, onions or radishes. They never eat them when anyone came near. During the year I after dark and strain all they drink, so as not to used to walk every Sunday to attend the mission kill any animal life, however small. They gave church, six miles each way. I made no distinction me the name Ajitadass, Servant of Ajita, the Un- in my treatment of Untouchables and was deconquerable, the second of the great Jain saints. spised for doing this.

I was scrupulous in performing all my religious The following June I was allowed by my family duties. to return to Tindivanam and went regularly to Up to the third class I studied in the Banyan church. One Sunday I decided to remove my Village school. Then I was sent to live in the Jain caste mark and sacred thread; even when the Dis- Hostel at Tindivanam where we learned Sanskrit trict Educational Officer came to our hostel, I reand studied the sacred books of my religion. At fused to wear a caste mark. For this the J ains that time I joined the Arcot Mission High School. troubled me. Once I returned late from a Chris- I now rejoice that I had this chance to study Eng- tian meeting and ate food after dark, for which lish and hear of Christ. But for years it was only I was severely reprimanded by the hostel superin.. out of compulsion that I studied the Bible. One tendent. Cast out by my own people, I went to day when I made up my own verses and pretended live with a Christian teacher. The Jains tried to they were from the Bible, I was severely punished put me to shame but I took courage to read the because I had failed to study Christ's words. Bible in their presence. I failed in my college entrance examination partly because of severe iB- When I was in fifth form, my Bible teacher was ness from typhoid fever two months earlier. I Mr. Sundaram, the Headmaster. At 11 o'clock on went to Madras where I completed my eighteenth the morning of September 24, 1932-1 was fifteen year and the next few months were spent at Katyears old, and I remember the time since it was padi and Chittoor. Then I wrote a long letter to the turning point of my life-he told us how Jesus my family explaining why I had confessed faith was scourged 39 times, was spat upon, tortured with· a crown of thorns and nailed to the cross. in Christ. He also read Isaiah 53: 4-7; "He was wounded In September, 1935, Mr. Archibald's Gospel adfor our transgressions. . . . By His stripes we are healed. . . . When he was afflicted, He opened dresses in Vellore made me want to hear further, not his mouth." so I went to Trichinopoly. Missing the train and being delayed, for two days I went without food; When I heard this, tears came to my eyes and but Christ sustained me and gave me peace. On my heart was deeply stirred. Without speaking to hearing Mr. Archibald speak on Jesus shedding anyone, I returned to the Hostel stunned, not his blood to give us the Water of Life, my heart knowing what to do. As I read frOom the Bible, was broken and I found fuller peace and joy. This peace came to my mind. I spent so much time on was the second great change in my life.

the Bible that I neglected my other lessons, about Later, going to Madl'as, I preached Christ to the which the Headmaster warned me. Two mOonths despised and neglected, going to the Outcaste later I went secretly to him and said that I wanted quarter with Christian friends. Hindus started to become a Christian. He replied, "You are only to insult and stone us, and I underwent other per- 15. Wait for three years until legally yOou can secutions, having my box, some books and my make your own decision. Then we shall see. In Bible fOorcibly taken from me. A preacher sent the meantime, don't tell anyone." Before I was me to Chittoor by a roundabout way and there I 18, Mr. Sundaram had died. Gradually the Jain coached some Christian young men in the songs religion lost its hold Oon me. Many noticed this for a Christmas drama at Katpadi, and gave a but of the inner change of faith they did not know. kalatchebam (songs and explanation) on "The . The next school year, my uncle took me from Other Wise Man." Thank God for giving me His Tindivanam High School to shield me from Chris- joy, courage and power of speech.

tian influence. But every day I used to go to a In January, 1936, false charges were brought [ 5851

against me but I opened my Bible and read the to identify the guilty person and their description words, "The Lord is my light and my salvation, did not at all fit me. Because of the delay in my whom shall I fear?" Several police officials came reaching Trichy the end of October, I had not to the house to take me in a car to the police sta- been there when the forgery was committed. tion. Before leaving, I prayed in their presence. Thus God guided me and delivered me from these They accused me of having obtained Ros. 250 on false charges. false pretenses from a Jain abbot and of having forged a police inspector's signature. They asked Going to the Bible Training Centre of the Interme to admit this crime and promised that, if I did Varsity Fellowship in Madras, I awoke at 4: 30 so, my uncle would come to my rescue and pay the one morning for my devotions, and was in the money. I asserted my innocence and when they courtyard when two rowdies broke in and put a asked me to go back to the Jain religion, I an- cloth round my neck. I said, "If you do me no swered that I had come to Christ trusting Him, further harm, I shall go with you." They covered and would not leave Him, even at the risk of my face and' put me in a jutka and took me death. They kept me locked up from 4 p. m. on through the streets for two hours. When day beone day until 10 p. m. of the next, asking me many gan to dawn they took me out and walked by my questions, mostly about my personal life, to which side. When two motors passed, the men crossed I answered nothing. I spent my time reading the the road, and I was able to escape from them. I Bible and praying. There were no bounds to my stayed in a mango orchard until noon and finally joy, for like Paul I was considered worthy to suf- was sent back to the Training Centre. Next year fer for Christ. Men came later from Trichinopoly my hope is to study the Word of God, for I have learned that He alone is the Unconquerable.

Wanted, a Demonstration of Unity By REV. JOHN J. BANNINGA, D.D.

M.issionary of the American Board, Pasumalai, South India T HE Church of Christ throughout the world should have churches expressing their faith in desperately needs an actual demonstration of Chr,ist in their own national ways. what union in spirit and service can do for the extension of the Kingdom of God. In a mul- Especially since the Great War, these Christitude of ways the Church seems to have reached tians have realized that Christianity is not. the a deadlock in spiritual power, in social activity, product of western civilization, but that Jesus and in world fellowship. Something desperate Himself was born in Asia and that therefore the needs to be done to break this deadlock, or correct people of Asia need not go to Europe for their this atrophy. On the foreign mission fields the Christianity but that they can go straight to the work has largely been carried out by division of New Testament for it. Perhaps a new, direct apthe territory into mission areas so that each proach to Christ, by those who have not been Church has practically had a field to itself. bound by all the graveclothes of European tradi- tion, may enable them to follow Him better than Bishop Azariah, of South India, saId at the they would if they followed European churches Lausanne Conference in 1927, that most Indians first and Christ second. are members of one Church or another, not because of theological opinions, but because of geo- India has been cut up into innumerable divigraphical location. He said, "I am an Episco- sions by all the forces that have entered that counpalian in the first instance because my father and try. Not only has the caste system divided India mother lived in a district where the Church of into very throughly segregated groups, but her England took up work. Had they lived one hun- religiol!s differences, even within Hinduism, have dred miles further north I would have been a made them go further in those separations. In member of the American Congregational Mis- South India the division of the followers of Vishnu sion.'" Since that is true the Indians, as well as into the Cat-doctrine and the Monkey-doctrine the Chinese, Japanese and other national Chris- schools has brought great bitterness. Even at the tians, feel that they should not take the denom- annual festivals at Conjeeveram the followers of inationalism of western countries but that they the one doctrine are ready to fight those who hold the other for the honor of certain positions near

WA.NTED, A DEMONSTRATION OF UNITY

the temple car as it is dragged around the city. others see it. We are wrong in our differences Denominationalism is known within Hinduism and separations. We will find ourselves more and this gives all the more surprise to the Hindu nearly right in our agreements and in our unities. when he finds the same in Christianity where he expects to find unity and peace because of the his- For some fifteen years the churches in South toric character of its Founder. Not a few Chris- India have been working on this problem and tian converts today are hesitating to join any they have evolved a scheme which seems pracchurch because they say that by joining one ticable to the representative Committee. Each church they cut themselves off from communion group have given to the Scheme what they thought in another. They feel that the followers of Jesus best in their experience. The Methodists (for- Christ should all belong to one great fellowship, merly English Wesleyans) have insisted that in and that a Christian in one place should be wel- all parts of the Scheme and in the duties of all its officers and church bodies the spirit of winning comed as a: Christian in another. When one really men to Christ (Evangelism) must be dominant. The Presbyterians have said that, in their expericomes to look at it, how terrible it is that we fol- ence, the position and work of the Presbyter (or lowers of Christ have such exalted opinions of Elder) and that of the Presbytery have been of ourselves and our ancestors that we think we great value to the Church. The Episcopalian says have the real truth in Christ while all others have that throughout their history the position of the at most only partial truth. Would it not be much Bishop, as the Father in God of the Flock and the better if we all would unite into one great body leader in spiritual and administrative work, has and recognize each other as fellow-Christians, fol- brought unity within and effective work without lowers of the one Lord, and sharing with each the Church. While the Congregationalis:ts have other the gifts that God has given each of us. felt that Christian forces can best work when each What a rich body the followers of Christ would local group find themselves free from all outside be if they would share their visions and their ac- authority and carry the full responsibility and encomplishments with each other. The prayer of thusiasm for founding the Church in that locality Christ would then be answered soon, "that they and there setting forth Christ as the Saviour of all may be one – that the world may know that men. In this South India Scheme these various Thou didst send me." elements 'have been brought together in a plan that the Committee believes to be harmonious and And why does each denomination assume that well-balanced. No one of the elements of the it is right and all others wrong? I recognize that uniting churches has been taken over in its origithat feeling is slowly dying out, but there are still nal form, but each gift from the churches has many who essentially hold that they are right and been so modified that it fits into the whole Scheme. that, therefore, all others are wrong. What is the basis for such a feeling? It seems to me axio- There are still many minor details that must be matic that worked out and time and again the Scheme has been submitted to the governing bodies of the 1. All denominations are essentially equal in intellectual churches concerned; then it has been brought back to the Committee for rewording or rewritability. ing, It is hoped that no Council will repudiate the Scheme or vote to stop negotiations. It is 2. There is no essential difference in the denominations in recognized in South India, as well as in other parts of the world, that there must be a definite setting their loyalty to Christ. . forth in actual practice of what can be done to bring the separated branches of the Church of 3. All are practically equal in their spiritual insight and Christ closer together.

their resultant devotion to God through Christ. The Next Step 4. All denominations try to work out practically in their What then should be the next step in the Church Union movement? It seems to me that the thing daily lives what they have seen in Christ. we all want is some actual demonstration which will reveal to us what is possible in this great There is no great difference between the Evan- movement. We have so long lived in our separagelical denominations in intellectual, moral, so- tions that we scarcely believe that union is poscial, or practical understanding and application sible. In the San Francisco Bay, engineers are of the principles of Christ. Why then should any building two great bridges across the waters. denomination assert that their interpretation of After the engineers had prepared their plans and a particular doctrine is the only one that is cor- estimates, after all their scientific research work rect. The very fact that other intelligent, devoted had been done, neither they nor the general public Christians can interpret some doctrine differently from the way I interpret them gives me pause in asserting my interpretation. Perhaps there is something that I have not yet fully understood and perhaps I ought to fellowship more with those who differ from me in order that I may learn from them. The trouble is we have all built fences around ourselves and have carefully protected ourselves and our followers from seeing truth as

were willing to go forward with this work until perfect the Scheme are satisfied that they have models had been made to show how the bridges found a way in which this work can be begun. would look and how they would be able to stand They all agree that great improvements are still up against the weather, and the traffic that would possible in that experiment, but they also realoperate on them. When these models and experi- ize that something must be done besides Wk. ments had been completed, then construction on There has been plenty of consultation and discusthe bridges themselves began, with the absolute sion. What we want now is something that we assurance that the bridges would accomplish the can see with our eyes and handle with our hands purposes for which they were built. -something that will be really a working model. If that proves successful, well and good, others In the same way we need an experiment in can follow its example. If it proves faulty then Church Union. We need to have a model set up, changes can be made and failure prevented. so that we can see what it would look like, how it While unions have succeeded where there were would work, and what may be wrong with it. similarities in polity and doctrine, we must now Then larger and better models can be built until go further and unite those that differ in these the fundamental laws of such union are discov- things, and by actual union we will learn how to ered and we can go ahead and complete the great unite, until all Christians can again live together work. in one family. Yes, that is a hard task. That is an impossible thing for men. But it is not im- South India seems nearest ready to adopt such possible when the· Spirit of the Almighty finds a model. Both the Christians who are directly concerned in that union in South India and all men and women that are willing to be led into the those in authority in the home churches of which fulness of His truth. He cannot have two truths these mission churches are offspring, should feel or two interpretations of truth. But He can show the great responsibility that rests on them and forth a great spirit of love that will level all should endeavor to consummate the present move- roughness, and straighten all crooked ways. ment. Those who have spent years in trying to Missionaries as Seen by a Zulu By JOHN L. DUBE, Founder of Ohlange Institute, Natal U P TO the present time the missionary in nomic resources of a State. It provides larger this country has taken upon himself the markets and greater skilled labor. task of educating, civilizing and Christianizing the Bantu. This race looks upon the mis- Some races are inferior, but their inferiority sionary as Christ's messenger, and not only the is a matter of comparison. Missionaries are not teacher of the people but as a father in whose frightened by theories of inferiority, for their steps they walk to the enlightenment which is his work among primitive races has borne good fruit. through Christ. Missionaries educate and Christianize all races, for they have been charged to "go and teach all Although missionaries work under different nations." To them primitive races and those comgovernments they have a brotherhood which is paratively in a lower state of civilization receive not subject to the State government. The law greater sympathy because they deal with all men and example of Christ are theirs, and this is the not according to nationality, but as followers of basis of the stability of their policy. They are Christ. not obsessed with a fear complex, for they know that even primitive people, under good intl.uence The hardships missionary work has to encounand guidance, can reach a state of responsibility ter, with the meager support it gets, are well and peace to all men. known, but undaunted the missionaries have pressed forward, opening schools and churches Christianity raises the status of a man, and in and repdering sacrificial service to the people. this manner increases his needs with regard to There is a great need of this spirit among our health, food, occupation and recreation. It, there- own people, for the time is ripe when the Bantu fore, cannot be regarded as endangering existing should shoulder greater responsibility in Chrisgovernments by inj uring their economic resources tianizing and educating their own people. The by raising an inferior race to the plane of a need for the extension of missionary work within higher; but it increases and stabilizes the eco- the Union of South Africa and the Protectorates is great.

Memories of Jean

Mackenzie =M=C=CL=E=AR=Y===~II~- -•..efI.!I;;I===B=y=M=R=S=.C=HA=RL=E=S=W=.

T HERE was great rejoicing in our West into practice. Meeting a native boy she innocently Africa Mission when in 1904 we learned of said, in a friendly way, "I am going to hell, will the appointment of a new young woman mis- you walk with me?" The affrighted boy said, "No. sionary to our field. One of the senior workers, I refuse to go with you." Somewhat puzzled at having just returned from furlough, recalled this attitude, she reviewed her words and found meeting her in the United States. She had ap- the mistaken name of the place she intended to proached him with questions about the work and visit. When this was corrected the boy gladly had expressed a desire to join us. In time Jean joined her and they journeyed together to the town.

Mackenzie came and began her Adj ustment to the food of a work for Africa. Since then new country is always difficult she has been a blessing to two and the new missionary missed whole continents. Trials as her American favorites. Coffee well as her joys began imme- was felt to be a necessity and diately upon her arrival on on a long "bush" trip, when shore. Her trunk was wet with very hungry, she espied a sea water and we all knew the trader's house and shop on the results that would follow. The top of a high hill. We remem- colors of a little silk American ber how she wondered audibly flag that a friend had given her whether he might have some ran through her wardrobe, coffee. The house cook was with the result that African wont to tell us how fond she women received gifts of the was of his cookies. I remember variegated cloth. Jean took her a time when we were rooming disappointment as a part of together that I was awaked by African mission life. Jean one night asking if I sup- Being assigned to the first posed we could find something inland station, she made the to eat. A midnight prowl re- jungle-trip by hammock and sulted in a "find" in the host- afoot, and then settled down in ess' cookie jar.

one of the tiny rooms of a bark- Jean once told of a long, walled cottage. Here she be- weary day in the jungle, when came intimately acquainted Bachrach physical strength was over- with the family and loved them JEAN KENYON MAOKENZIE taxed. Upon reaching her desdearly. When some sympa- tination she called for a pan of thizing friends in America offered to sponsor the water, removed her shoes and stockings and building of a little house for her to occupy alone plunged her poor, aching feet into the water, and she realized that this sacrifice would involve a in her own words "wept into it too."

sac:dfice of time needed for the evangelistic work At one time she was assigned to one of the coast and she dismissed it with the same fortitude that stations where the contact .with the white man she had shown in the loss of her clothing. had changed the people from the ignorant type of Jean Mackenzie began immediately to adapt bushmen. She spent long hours with the old herself to the place, the customs, and language of pioneers gaining folklore and many reminiscences.

the people and spent many hours in visiting huts She had remarkable ability to construct most in- and villages where she acquired the language teresting stories from a little material. She con- firsthand. How the people learned to love her! fided to us one day that sometime she would write One day, after having spent hours in language a book. Faithfully and well she has used her won- study, she sallied forth to put her new knowledge derful talent as the Church at home well knows.

[589 ]

Her story about writing her father's biography to see her "walk and not faint." Surely the words is unique. She quietly questioned him at inter- of her Saviour to Mary of Bethany may be said vals about his early life, he never suspicioned her of our Jean, "She hath done what she could."

motive. One day when the Atlantic Monthly came Jean Kenyon Mackenzie – Interpreter* to her father's home she saw him don his glasses to read it. Covertly she watched him from behind Jean Kenyon Mackenzie was for eleven years a her book, saw his gaze at the title-"The Story of missionary in Africa. a Fortunate Youth"-scan it a minute and then She was born in Elgin, Ill., the daughter of began to read. With riveted and dilating eyes he Scottish parents, Rev. and Mrs. Robert Macread and then began to frown, smile, chuckle, and kenzie. Her school years were spent in San Franfinally he called her a rather uncompli.mentary cisco, and later she studied at the Sorbonne, in name. Their love and mutual understandmg were Paris. Her father, who came to America when he great, and finally they had a good laugh together. was nineteen years of age, became pastor of Rut- When the monthly mail steamer arrived in West gers Presbyterian Church in New York, and dur- Africa everything else gave way to the reading of ing his pastorate his daughter volunteered for home letters. How she did enjoy them and the service as a missionary in West Africa under the magazines! Some will recall Jean's style of pen- Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. . manship, with her broad pen and lines written at In 1904 she went to what was then the German wide intervals on thin stationary. Once when colony of Kamerun (Cameroun), where she saw visiting a neighboring station, she sat by a co- service for the next ten years in four different worker and both were busily engaged in writing for the outgoing mail. Suddenly Jean paused and stations, all but one "bush" towns in the interior. Thirty years ago this equatorial section was still asked, "When your letters arrive home,. do .y.our "darkest Africa." Gorillas and elephants were people send them over the country to mqmrmg friends?" Upon being answered in the negative, common, travel was on foot or by canoe, or at best in the one-wheeled chair called a "push-push," or she said: "Well, mine do but they will not do so with this one." Then taking her blunt pen she in a hammock swung from a pole borne by porters. printed across the page in a horizontal line, in In 1914, because of ill health, Miss Mackenzie large letters, a slang word sufficiently prohibitive retired from service in Africa and devoted herself to writing about that part of ,the continent which to prevent broadcasting. . is still so little known. After the outbreak of the World War, however, and with the capture of We ever marveled at her self-control; but once, Kamerun by French forces, her return was asked by the mission staff. In the transfer of property when overexasperated at a coworker of the sterner and the establishment of missionary work under a new regime, Miss Mackenzie's fluent French sex she shook her little fist at him and said, "I and her experience on three continents would be of value. The submarine danger was at its height, am'very angry at you." The argument closed im- but by going via Spain and the Canary Islands she made her way eventually to the African coast. mediately. Perhaps the brightest spot in her fir~t This emergency year of service ended, Miss term was the visit of Dr. A. W. Halsey and hIS Mackenzie returned to New York, settling down to a career of writing. The vivid recollections of wife to our field. This was our first secretarial her experiences in Africa resulted in a series of articles and essays in the Atlantic Monthly. She visit and we all greatly enjoyed his season with also wrote several books: "Black Sheep," "An African Trail," "African Adventures," "African us, but no one so much as Jean. Clearings," "The Story of a Fortunate Youth" (an account of the early life of her father), "The . Great was our sorrow when she returned home. Venture" (poems.), "Friends of Africa," "The Trader's Wife." Later how deeply we appreciated her heroic and In 1923 Miss Mackenzie was elected a member brave service as she again heard the call to Africa of the Board of Foreign Missions, and three years later was appointed as its speci.al representative and answered it during the World War. She told Le to the international and interdenominational conus of being alone in the lower part of that big ference held in Zoute, Belgium, which discussed ship, in the submarine zone, and we knew that the future of mission work in Africa in view of only He whom she served had kept her for us.

The results of her services are written in our Mission's war history. When she again left us, she explained that she had promised her father that when he called her she would return, and the time had come. But orice when I was on furlough she confided to me her great desire to return to the field. Each time she followed a company of coworkers to the steamer to say "Good-bye" her streaming eyes followed the boat, as it wended its way Africaward.

. The home Church and literary world knew how, in the words of the Prophet, she "mounted upon wings" but to us who knew her there, it was given • Condensed from Women and Missions, October, 1936.

INTIMATE MEMORIES OF JEAN KENYON MACKENZIE

rapidly changing economic and social conditions realm of human nature. We often saw through over the continent. Here her gift of understandingall sorts and conditions of people came into a her eyes and felt drawn with her nearer to tpe full play. Out of this conference grew many of the most valuable modern developments in African mind and heart. No one else served Christian work in Africa, including the founding country or people more wholeheartedly, or re~­ of a committee to provide Christian literature. Miss Mackenzie died in New York City on Sep- dered more acceptable service to her Lord and tember 2d of this year. Master, than did our coworker, Jean Kenyon Mac- Recollections of a Fellow Missionary kenzie. (MRS. W. S.) ANNA M. LEHMAN. Of the many high recommendations proffered at the time of Jean Mackenzie's 'appointment to A Tribute from a Friend the West Africa Mission, one given by her own father spoke of Jean's "adaptability." Jean Mackenzie was the gifted daughter of a gifted Scotch "domsie," a real child of the manse. Traveling with her down the West Coast, trek- She was as Scotch as if she had been born in king through the bush for days in the rain, living Thrums. Her father never outgrew the traits with her under the same leaky roof, experiencing which made him so definitely a Scot, and Jean intogether a smallpox epidemic, only served to illu- herited from him his rare and delicate humor, his minate her many choice characteristics and to keen insight and lofty imagination, his deeply make us value more and more our new friend and spiritual nature. They looked alike and thought fellow worker. Sympathetic and understanding alike, and in her later years, as she grew older, she was, practical and efficient, ready to share she had so perfectly his ruddy color, his round with black or white not just things alone but her face crowned with soft white hair, and his serene philosophy and attitude toward life, her friends blue eyes, that the resemblance was very striking. and family, and her findings in the African heart Her "Story of a Fortunate Youth" is a beautiful and forest. All who have read her writings know tribute to him. how keenly observant she was, and how much she got as well as gave during her sojourn in Africa. When she came back from Africa on her first furlough, in the fall of 1906, she, who was never Arriving at her station, she gave herself scant very strong, during that winter in New York she three days to unpack her small iron trunks, to establish herself at a rough homemade desk and JEAN MACKENZIE TOURING IN AFRICA arrange her belongings in a third-hand chest of drawers. In the cramped space of a 10 by 14 did a good deal of work and speaking. Among room, she allowed herself but one or two at a time of her treasures and bits of art, living through other duties, she taught a class of girls in the Sabthe calendar with now a brass bowl, next a "Boy and Violin," or some hand-catved panels. bath school of Rutgers Church. It was a rare Self-discipline ranked high in her catalog of privilege for those girls to have such a teacher! virtues. She disciplined herself to a routine of hours and days, sometimes stepping out and fac- One can easily believe that the fascination, the ing "right about" in an opposite direction from that in which the precious monthly foreign mail charm, the devotion of that frail, earnest young was expected. What a wealth of love and friendship, of warming one's self at ,the home hearth woman lent a compelling force and an unforgetthere would be in store for her, with the opening of that tin hamper of mail from across the sea! table impression to the message she taught, which One has only to read her "Exile and the Postman" to know what it meant to her. Yet we saw her has had an influence beyond computation in that deliberately walking away from it, to return only after her self-appointed task of the day was done. mission in Africa. She always schooled herself to the more difficult way. If perchance there was some individual We of Rutgers Presbyterian Church had the who just naturally "rubbed the wrong way," then it was her practice to make an especial effort to rare pleasure of seeing her frequently as she came be friendly or do a favor for that one. to the meetings of the Women's Guild, and other She was a sharer of good things-as much as one can share of family, privilege, appreciation of church services during her first, second, and third beauty, and happy discoveries one makes in the furloughs. She brought the story of God's love to eager listeners, and through her the Sun of Righteousness began to shine in many darkened hearts and home1l ' ..

Of all the missionary speakers I have ever His love, gentle in her own indescribable way, cheerful as she made her efforts for the happiness heard, no one has ever so moved me with the feel- of others, but above all, as a creative mind at work, enriching and interpreting human life. ing of the world's need and the power of God's "The Word of God is a real word," she would love. With such extraordinary gifts of mind and often say. She heard it in the creative process of the natural world, for her it was hidden in the heart and tongue, it has been hard to understand course of things. She heard it in her girlhood, in the African forest, in her home in Riverdale. She why she was not given commensurable bodily recognized the word of God in the Bible. "I found in the Biblical stories, while at work in Mrica, the strength to use her powers to the utmost. She actual word of God to those people,"· she said.

always worked to the limit of her strength, and She shared the sufferings of the Master. When she was writing the devotional studies for Women when she found herself unable to do much speak- and Missions, she worked in great weakness and almost continuous physical discomfort. She ing she gave herself to writing as long as she would come down the stair, obviously pale and worn with her wrestling in prayer. There was in could. A large audience, in secular and religious her studies, in consequence, an almost angelic tenderness and heroism. There was in them the magazines and in her books, have felt the spell adoration of one who had met the Lord in the flame, and been marked with the secret fire. of her pen. GEORGE M. DUFF. In her the natural body could change to the spiritual body with less change than for most of us. (MRS. JOHN H.) MARTHA B. FINLEY.

A Word from Her Pastor Jean Mackenzie meant to the Church what high talent dedicated to a high task can mean. During the more than twenty years that she lived in Riverdale after her return from Africa, she appeared as a shining being amid the daily round of duties-reticent as one truly absorbed in God and Signs of Progress in West Africa By REV. R. S. ROSEBERRY, Kankan, French West Africa "CUT her throat! Cut her throat!" was the ered by this account, namely, Senegal, Guinea, command of the slave driver more than a Sudan and Ivory Coast. These colonies have a hundred years ago, as the long caravan of population of approximately ten million people.

slaves wended its way across the Sudan to Prior to the forward movement of missions, Gambia. The little slave girl could no longer keep Mohammedanism had captured the territory along up with the caravan that Mungo Park was ac- the banks of the Niger westward to the Atlantic.

companying on his return trip from his first visit Entering this region from the north about the to the Niger. The slave girl's throat was cut, and eighth century, they had hundreds of years to the scanty clothing that covered her body sal- press their conquest before the advent of the mis- vaged. It might be said that Mungo Park's first sionary of Christ. Rome had also followed closely trip to the Niger was the beginning of the over- the French conquest and was installed in a num- throw of the slave traffic in West Africa. The ber of pagan centers.

advent of civilized government accomplished it. The great Harris mass movement had stirred The hinterland was held by powerful Mohamme- the southern part of the Ivory Coast, carrying dan war lords who did not yield without many a everything before it like a hurricane. Pushing battle. The closing years of the nineteenth cen- back from the coast about three hundred miles, it tury saw these conquered and the land opened to had turned many people from their fetish wor- commerce. ship, leaving them, however, with very little con- French West Africa, a colonial empire of vast ception of real Christianity. In many places extent, borders the Atlantic Ocean on the west where instruction failed to arrive in time they and stretches east to the Egyptian Sudan, reach- drifted into other forms of paganism.

ing from the Mediterranean on the north to the In 1918, at the close of the World War, the Gulf of Guinea on the south. Only four of the evangelical advance into the interior was begun.

colonies comprising French West Africa are cov- A line of stations was opened from Faranah, near

SIGNS OF PROGRESS IN WEST AFRICA

the source of the Niger River, down to Timbuctoo books which mean to them a new life. They in and across the buckle of the Niger to Gao. This turn become teachers to help others. The call move placed us in strategic centers, giving us a comes from far and near for help to reap the har- working base in at least twenty-five of the more vest. In order to meet the emergency workers than one hundred tribes in this territory. The have been shifted from less responsive Mohamme- number of tribes, increased the usual language dan tribes to the awakened areas. This has some- barrier. Here were many distinct languages, times meant leaving good buildings vacant, but some of them subdivided into dialects, a decided what is a building in comparison with an oppor- obstacle to rapid evangelization. By evangelizing tunity? The missionaries are willing to live in we do not mean proclaiming the message in a ter- grass hut training camps that they may teach the ritory once or twice and then passing on to the needy ones. What a pleasure it is to visit these next district. True evangelization raises up and same sections where the devil reigned so long, and establishes groups of believers who can carryon meet earnest followers of Christ who sit by the for themselves. This was the New Testament hour and listen to the Word! Oftentimes many method. It is not the drilling of men and women tribes are represented in these gatherings, all in a creed with the hope that they will gradually meeting at a common mercy seat.

develop into a Christian community. Evangeliza- Pagans and Ohristians tion means the transformation of men and women by the direct power of God. Anything short of The way has not been easy. Persecution has this is a waste of time and money. broken out which has shown the intense hatred Fortunately the major part of the societies that that always follows a real work of God. The entered this territory belong to strong funda- pagan forces have rallied in some sections to drive medal groups, with a resulting unity of program out the native workers. In one town especially which greatly aids in the evangelization of the their hatred became so intense that they not only territory. Beginning with two workers in 1918, drove the native teacher away, tearing down his the Christian and Missionary Alliance, before the house, but even threatened the missionary with close of 1928, had placed a force of sixty on the violence. The native teacher was not to be so field. Other societies soon entered, so that now easily set aside and returned again and again more than one hundred and thirty missionaries until they beat him severely. He told them that are at work, representing at least eight societies. a beating on the left side was silver money, on The larger language groups have been entered, the other side, gold. He became rich in that kind and much has been accomplished toward giving of money before they grew tired and let him go. them the Word of God in their own tongue. His face shines with an inner light as he tells of Translating has been, for the most part, pioneer his experience. work and consequently has required much time and persistent effort. Into at least four of these In order to encourage these tried ones, conferlanguages the entire New Testament and a part ences have been convened in different districts of the Old Testament have been translated. Other with profit. This affords them an opportunity to pagan tribes have one or two Gospels and the get together and talk over their difficulties and story of some of the Old Testament portions. recite their victories over sin. It shows their strength as a body of believers and encourages After ten years of plodding and sowing the them to press forward through trials and suffergood seed the awakening came. It swept almost ing. It also provides an opportunity for Bible inlike a wave over the entire field. Section after struction and prayer for the isolated ones who section reported a turning to God from dumb do not have the privilege of a great center where idols. Paganism began to break and crumble on continual instruction is carried on. In a recent a wide front until it became exceedingly difficult conference the Spirit came upon those gathered to care for the instruction of inquirers, and many in prayer until strong men called aloud upon God fine opportunities were lost for the lack of to have mercy upon them. It is in hours of this reapers. kind that a new vision is imparted that gives the In order to take advantage of the movement, work new vigor and strength. Many of these training camps have been opened in many parts simple-hearted folk travel miles to attend such of the field to teach the people to read the Word gatherings. The Christians are encouraged to of God. It has been no small task to teach grown bring a love offering, which provides for those men and women from illiterate, pagan tribes. who are called of the Lord to go as evangelists After a busy day on the farm they come from and teachers into the district. The offering con- their fields to study the simple primers printed sists of grain, peanuts, and cowerie shells, which for their benefit. Their goal is a New Testament take the place of money in the more backward all their very own. How they treasure these districts. Many of the Christians are very poor,

and consequently their offerings are not large j did not grasp the message until I heard the Evan- gelist Bokari." This fiery evangelist makes Christ but they are a great help to their spiritual life. real and causes them to fear the wrath of God that will come upon them if they do not repent. No man can make progress in his spiritual ex- In order to get a sick man to a recent native con- ference he loaded him on his horse while he perience who does not bring an offering to the walked beside him, footsore and weary, over the hot, sandy trail. To hear him pray, "Lord, call Lord. forth shepherds to feed the sheep; call them, Lord, black or white! the sheep are many, but the Our hope for every town is to get at least one shepherds are few," is an inspiration indeed. One can well understand the burden that rests on his man to stand true to his faith. He becomes a heart.

rallying ground for others who perhaps are weak- While the results among the Mohammedans have not been as great as those among the pagan er in faith and not so courageous. The great work tribes, yet, strange to say, our foremost evangel- ists, men who have been trail blazers among the of the missionary at the present time is the train- pagans, were formerly bigoted followers of the false prophet. Is there not a lesson in that fact ing of native men and women as leaders. A cen- for us? The strongest fortifications once won in turn make the best strongholds. The Touaregs tral Bible school is being erected in the Sudan for and Arabs on the borders of the great Sahara, the pagan cliff dwellers of HabM land, the Bambaras this purpose. This will not replace the short term and Miankas with the Black and Red Bobos, the great Mossi tribe of the central Sudan, with the Bible training camps already established, but will Kissien, Toma, Gberese, Baouli and other tribes of the forest country, are forming to raise a supplement them. It is not proposed to give them chorus of praise to the Lamb of God who has re- deemed them. These delegations will hail the a higher education, which often seems to unfit King's arrival. Faithful God-ealled men and women are on the march over the burning sands men and women for real village work. Rather we of the desert, on the great open plains of the Sudan, in the somber forests, ever going forward would that they have a thorough knowledge of the to reach the last tribe with the message. Toiling on translation work at night, teaching men and Word of God, with a heart set on fire by the women to read, helping to build houses and chapels, bridging streams, opening new roads, Spirit. . slowly and oftentimes with breaking hearts, the Gospel army presses on to a sure success. The second session of one of these Bible train- ing institutes in HabM land was convened from March 24 to April 19 in 1936, with an enroll- ment of thirty-five regular and eight special stu- dents. Thirty-two of this number took the ex- amination at the close of the session. The course was not conducted without opposition from Satan which threatened at times to disrupt it altogether j but prayer prevailed, and not one left until the close. One can understand the urge that seizes the native to go back to his farm when a heavy rain falls and prepares the soil for sowing the seed.

Only the Lord can impart faith on these occasions and cause them to wait a little longer at the Mas- ter's feet and learn more of His Word.

A true and loyal native worker is a priceless boon to the missionary. The only hope of West Africa is men and women of this type. Again and again we hear the testimony of the natives: "I A TRIBE OF GOD In his letter to the Romans Paul writes, "And it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my children; there shall they be called the children of the living God" (Romans 9: 26).

This prophecy is surely coming to pass in Africa. For many generations her people have been abused by all other nations. They have been harassed by merciless slave traders, ex- ploited by ruthless traders and industrial organizations, and divided up among the various nations of Europe. With the downfall of Ethiopia, Liberia is the only bit of independent ter- ritory in all that great continent. But God has blessed the Africans with a spirit of hope and optimism so that they have endured persecution and oppression, patiently awaiting the day of deliverance. That day is dawning now, for out of every tribe in Africa God is calling forth a people for Himself and through these people Africa will be delivered out of her age-old bondage. One old woman made the remark, "A new tribe is arising in Africa in our day- the tribe of God."-Clarence E. Carlson, in Gems of Cheer.

Lai Tsang, Missionary to

I _oo-lflf By MRS. C. S. DEMING, Seoul, Korea I fB.- ~==========================~ SOME years ago we first made Mr. Sen's ac- I thanked God, and took courage. Then it quaintance. Our little mission to the Chinese seemed not right to send a young man like that in Seoul had been opened only two Sundays alone into a hard place, for the Lord sent out the and, when passing through town on his way to disciples two by two. I prayed that some Chris- the steamer at Chemulpo, he came to morning tian might be found at Chemulpo, who would be a service. He was a member of Dr. Mateer's church help to him. The very next prayer meeting night, in Shantung, and had been engaged in a little a young man appeared in foreign clothes who said bakery, but as business was bad he was returning that he had served his apprenticeship at Chemulpo home. Just a young lad, insignificant looking, we as a tailor, and then returned home to Shanghai.

did not expect to see him again. His family were all Christians, and he became a Years passed. Our hearts became heavily Christian also, and had been baptized. Hearing burdened for Chemulpo, the nearest port to Che- that we had started a church in Seoul, he had foo, China, with its large Chinese settlement, for come to join us, having returned to Chemulpo nothing was being done for them. We had to start in business for himself. He told us that neither man nor funds to start this new work, but the other half of the house he occupied was vawe had God who hears and answers prayer. It cant, and that we could probably get it for our was not long before I saw Mr. Sen at one of our work. We went to Chemulpo the next day, had a evening prayer meetings in Seoul. He had just re- time of prayer in the tailor's shop, then rented the turned from China to try his hand at the bakery next door place for a little church. business once more and he was asked to bring a It was wonderful to see how the children flocked around Mr. Sen. He taught them to pray word of greeting from the home church. sentence by sentence, and got them to pray at It was a remarkable story he told. On going to home morning ar..d evening and at their meals, out China, he had met with a certain evangelist who loud so as to influence their parents. The children had been in an important position in a consulate spent so much time at the mission that the schoolbut reading the war news in the papers, felt con- teachers complained that they were neglecting vinced that it was one of the signs of the Lord's their lessons. Mr. Sen told them to come to the speedy return. He gave up his post, and set him- church after school and he would help them preself to do the work of an evangelist, trusting en- pare their home work, after which they had their tirely to the Lord to supply his wants and those daily Christian Endeavor service. He taught them of his large family. Mr. Sen joined him and in to pray over their lessons, so that one boy who preparation for his work, spent hours studying was bad in arithmetic, got 100 in his examination. God's Word and praying for the baptism of the Holy Spirit. Before long the answer came and When the influenza epidemic was about, Mr. the evangelist went out to do a great work for Sen was taken sick. His friend the tailor was God. away at the time and there was no coal. The weather was bitter and he was too ill to move. After speaking, Mr. Sen led in prayer, the most The children came and found the doors locked. wonderful prayer I ever heard. As he was pray- Mr. Sen called to them that there was no coal, so ing, the Lord said to me, "He is the man I have they would not have their r.egular meeting. When sent you for Chemulpo." they came the next day, and heard the same thing After the service, I asked him, "Are you will- they knew that something was wrong, and asked ing to go and start work for God in Chemulpo?" him why he was not up. When he told them that It was a hard task. He said, "I will pray about it, he was too sick and could not move, one of the and see if it is the Lord's will." The next week boys climbed to a second-story window and man- he told me that the Lord had appeared to him in aged to get in. Some of them went to their homes the night, telling him to be strong and of a good and brought wood and coal while others brought courage,' that He would stand by him and food. Others carried water, as he had had noth- strengthen him, and that he had called him to this ing to drink. Some mothers came around also work at Chemulpo. and cared for him.

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Mr. Sen spent his mornings visiting in the Korea to our knowledge, when marriage brought homes and places of business, preaching Christ a China missionary to Korea. His prayers that everywhere. There was no place in Chemulpo someone might come and start work among his where the name of Mr. Sen was not known and people in Korea were answered by our coming, loved. The girls and boys would go out with him, and I believe were the cause of it.

preaching after school hours or on Sunday after- Through the years, Elder Chee, and Mr. Sen are noons. They became splendid little workers and the two men who have felt the burden and re- then the parents began to get interested. One sponsibility for the whole Chinese work. Every whole family was won through him and many week the officers of the church would meet with others. them. Down on our knees, we would each one Mr. Sen had great power in prayer, and a pray in turn over the matters coming up for de- simple childlike faith in the power of God. There cision, so in an unusual way felt we had the mind was a young man in town who had terrible pain of the Spirit,because of our unity. Shoulder to in his ear for a fortnight and could neither eat shoulder we have carried the burdens and re- nor sleep for the pain. He went to the hospital sponsibilities in a fellowship that has been most but could get no relief. A church member, a young precious. We have sorrowed together, and re- blacksmith, said, "I will take you to Mr. Sen and joiced together. In time it was felt that Mr. Sen he will pray for you and you will be healed." He should be ordained, and at the request of the went to the evening service with the man, but Union Chinese Churches in Korea, now grown to found that the tailor was about to conduct the five in number, the Synod of the Union Chinese service. He had come in and found Mr. Sen over- Christian Church of China ordained him in Mouk- come by the fumes of the charcoal stove he was den. Having started the work in Chemulpo, he using to cook his food. He was lying unconscious became its pastor, but was later called to the pas- on the floor. The tailor put him in bed, with torate of the Seoul Chinese Church, where he is plenty of fresh air in the room, but Mr. Sen was now carrying full res.ponsibility together with El- too sick and weak to move when it came time for der Wang.

meeting. The blacksmith came and said, "I have In the fall of 1929 we were transferred to North brought you a man who is sick; we want you to Manchuria, the mission field of the Korean Meth- pray for him to be healed." Mr. Sen replied, "I odist Church. It was hard to leave the fellowship am too sick to get up." Then it occurred to him of the churches in Korea, but Miss Quinn who how foolish he was not to trust God for his own retired from work in China had been asked to healing also. He asked God to heal him, so that help with the work up the east coast, and was he might go upstairs and pray for the sick man. asked to reside in Seoul, and help all the Chinese Immediately the sickness left him and he went up churches. Pastor Sen worked with her loyally for and knelt beside the sick young man in prayer. five years, during much of which time her work When the young man went home, the pain had had to be done from her bed.

gone. He had a good night's sleep and in the The young Chinese carpenter has developed morning a great abscess burst in his ear and he into Manager Wang of the Gospel Building Com- had no further trouble with it. pany, started to help support the church. Ten Mr. Sen used to get up at five in the morning per cent of all profits go to the church. He is now to study the Bible. While we were on furlough Elder Wang. Recently in building the Music he studied for a time in the Korean classes at the Building of Ewha College, he found he had over.

Pierson Memorial Bible School. A letter from estimated the cost of the building. An improved Mother who visited him, reported that he had price of building material had reduced the cost.

started a Bible class with his classmates, a per- Without being asked, he returned several thou- sonal work prayer group, and an evangelistic sand dollars, which were more than legitimate band. A man who was won by him was a young profits.

carpenter named, Wang Kong En, who suddenly Miss Quinn died on August 31, 1934. That day came under convicti6n of sin as Mr. Sen was ill health necessitated my starting for America.

praying, and gave himself to God. Standing on the platform at the station among Later Mr. Sen went to Nanking, and after Chinese, Korean, and foreign friends, Pastor Sen graduating at the Theological Seminary, returned and Elder Wang stood as the two pillars of the to be the Chinese evangelist for the whole of Chinese Church, clergy and laity. The two moth- Korea. He opened the work in Pyengyang, and ers of the church had been removed by God. The in Fusan also. churches could walk alone, under the direct guid- Thirteen years. have passed since the above ance of the Spirit. Thank God for both these men.

story was written. Sen Lai Tsang has proved Dr. Chee retired to Peiping. Pray for them as himself indeed called of God. Dr. Chee, a Chinese they carryon, and send them help for entering herb doctor, was the only Chinese Christian in new areas when God so guides.

HOIl1:e Missions' in Modern America*

_.46t Ii By the REV. E. D. KOHLSTEDT, D.D., Philadelphia I Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, Methodist JB- Episcopal Church I~==~======================~'

T HE United States of America is an excep- sions, than to develop constructive citizens. tional field for Home Missions. No other Specialists sustain our contention that, without nation can duplicate the intricate, exacting discounting the effectiveness of what Government task that confronts organized Christianity in this men were doing toward the suppression of crime country, with its unique historical heritage, reli- and criminals, the cause and cure of crime in the gious background, territorial expansion, govern- United States is a matter of more immediacy; mental development, racial mixtures, cosmopolitan that preventive rather than punitive phases of sopopulation, changing economic and social situ- cial service demand major emphasis; that Chrisations. Constructive statesmen remind us that no tianity has no more imperative obligation than a nation can hope to withstand the test of time that faithful ministry to child life. lacks at least three fundamentals to perpetuity: The late Senator Long said, concerning the solu- A capable foundation of race; tion of criminal problems: A high standard of private and public morals; A spirit of fidelity to tried and long-established institu- "I understand that crime is costing our country $12,000,000,000 annually. We spend about $40,- tions. 000,000 a year on the prosecution of federal crimes alone. The approach to this problem of Despite gratifying gains, Christian constitu- reducing crime should begin with childhood, in our encies record a disproportionate ratio of our total public and private schools, where children should population. Mindful of the variable value of sta- be taught a greater respect for law. There should tistical summaries, we marshal the most depend- be a revival of religious training in the home, a able data available, as a reasonably reliable yard- reorganization of our correctional institutions, stick with which to measure religious progress, with a revision of our judicial methods. We want and to determine the validity of missionary re- to punish, rather than to correct conditions by sponsibilities. using common sense in administering justice."

Missionary Review of the World (June Issue) Home Missions and National Life 1935: Present population of the United States …. 134,000,000 Secretaries of American missionary agencies Pre-High School Group, no Church Contacts 13,400,000 record seven facts that magnify Home Missions: Non-Church Members, including children … 75,000,000 1. Democracy may be a promise or a peril: without reli- The International Council of Religious Educa- gion, a peril.

tion estimates our United States youth population 2. The utter failure of substitutes for religion. (ages 5-17) to be 30,034,308, and the number in 3. Applied Christianity solves social problems. that classification unreached by the Christian 4. Increasing recognition of the Christian Church. church, 15,000,000-a tremendous challenge to 5. The national significance of Home Missions. 6. The challenge of unmet missionary needs in America.

Home Missions! If the Federal Government 7. Christianity's ability to survive depressions.

deems it advisable to spend millions of dollars on Home Missions and Social Safety emergency education and student aid, the Chris- tian Church must undergird that program with an Economic security and social safety are the adequate religious ministry. rightful heritage of humanity. The supreme pur- Social education and crime prevention was the pose of our Master's ministry to mankind was "A theme for a series of discussions in the White more abundant life." A progressive realization House at Washington, May 17-18, 'participated in of that objective is one of the major responsibiliby 75 mission and social agency representatives. ties of Home Missions. Methodism's ministry to Juvenile delinquency is a social problem that can- the masses has always been characterized by a not be solved by punitive methods; such a pro- tender solicitude for their physical, social and cedure is more likely to engender antisocial obses- spiritual welfare. Her concern for the totality of life is convincingly stated in a challenging docu- • Condensed from The Pastor's Journal, January. 1936. ment: The Social Creed of the Church!

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Sincerely appreciative of Federal Administra- relief work, care of the handicapped and unfortunate, will tion efforts to stabilize chaotic conditions in this be greatly expedited by sympathetic encouragement on the country, and with absolutely no thought of any part of the great body of the church who, I believe, are political emphases, the results fro~ several.years for the social gospel, if they can see that its feet are on of experimentation ought to convmce well-mten- practical ground. tioned economic experts of the futility of a philosophy of scarcity that involves: the destruction The Consumers' Cooperative movement, conof food stuffs and supplies in certain sections, for cerning which much has been written, is based want of which humans are suffering in other parts upon these principles: a democratic organization of our fair land; substantial subsidies to a selec- of economic processes; an unrestricted membertive list of actual and absentee agriculturists as a ship; a limited rate of return on caI;>i~al inve~t­ reward for nonproduction, while grain, meat and ments; one vote for each member; dIVIdend dISmilk-product imports show percentage increases; tributions, determined by patronage. The Coopthe twofold delusion of drinking and spending erative League.of the U. S. A. claims to have 6,600 ourselves into prosperity, regardless of social lia- societies; 1,800,000 members, and an annual bilities. Our Government's main problem is not business of $365,000,000; to reverse our economic the disposition of a bugbear surplus, but a justifi- order by paying profits to the buyer, producing able allotment of the available necessities of life. goods in the interest of the consumer, instead of the promoter, taking out of business the elements Federal Social Security legislation embodies of speculation, in the hope of eliminating peaks several humanitarian proposals, which merit sym- and depressions, the despair of our present syspathetic consideration. tem.

The Social Security Bill is the first law of such scope to Every major Home Missionary project in our be enacted in this country, although Great Britain, Ger- program is an attempt to meet urgent needs in many, France, Austria, Bulgaria, Irish Free State, Italy, some actual area of human life: ministries to neg- Poland, Russia and Switzerland have long had some such lected or underprivileged communities throughform of protection. out Continental United States; in allocated sec- tions of Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the The bill includes these items: Dominican Republic; specialized evangelistic and social services to bilinguals, Indians, Latin Amer- Old-age Pensions, Unemployment Insurance, Dependent icans, Migrants, Mormons, Mountaineers, Ne- Children, Health, Clearance of Slum Residence Areas, and groes, Orientals, Polyglots. Share-Croppers Rehabilitation. Methodist social service proposals must, of The Exaltation of governing principles is a mat- course, accord a primary place to that outstanding ter of moment to the Christian ministry; the busi- humanitarian enterprise initiated thirty years ago ness of blueprinting procedures belongs to special- by Dr. E. J. Helms, founder and director of the ists, who have earned the right to be heard and heeded in this phase of civic responsibility. That Goodwill Industries fact stresses the significance of services that ought to be rendered in the field of statesmanship by which furnish a fine foundation for the developthoroughly equipped churchmen. But direct hu- ment of cooperative economic and social life, man contacts in the realm of religious activity particularly among groups that have much in comought to enable discriminating ministers to say something tangible about the application of Chris- mon, whose interests readily respond .to constr.uctian principles to the business of life. United annual conference sessions afford a real opportunity tive efforts toward economic and soclal securIty. for joint appraisals of economic and social situa- This Christlike project is a convincing, composite tions. expression of practical Christianity.

The Gospel of Christ proclaims a complete sal- The Quadrennial report: vation: enrichment of life in all of its essential relationships-physical, social, spiritual. Scores For opportunity wages to handicapped people, of sincere lay leaders are as anxious as any of us Goodwill Industries paid $1,628,486.11; for servto find a satisfactory solution to this intricate ice wages, $392,920.97. The following service has problem, but cannot see the advantage of tearing been provided: down the superstructure in order to make needed repairs. Different persons employed ……………. . 46,510 Hours of employment ………………… . 6,580,495 Senator C. O. Holmes of Gary, Indiana, says: Sales in Goodwill Stores ………………. . 3,315,376 Goodwill bags filled ………………….. . 2,733,709 The church must make greater social contributions than Homes from which bags and furniture came .. 1,333,642 ever. Some of the success that ought to be made possible Aggregate attendance daily Chapel service … for social security measures in State Legislatures, for in- Adults enrolled in community service activities 545,596 telligent use of employment exchanges in coordination with Children enrolled in community service activities 5,862 12,306 Superintendent R. E. Scully says: "Everybody knows that only by the help of the Board of Home

THE HANDWRITING ON THE WALL IN JAPAN

Missions would we have been able t'O continue the were effected between the colonial settlements of religi'Ous work in the Cincinnati Goodwill Indus- Salem and Plymouth, characterized by divergent tries." creedal concepts, local leaders discovered the real- ity of a practical basis for Christian fell'Owship. Social situations in America threaten the de- Puritan Governor John Endicott wrote to Pilgrim struction of fundamentals to the perpetuity of our Governor William Bradford: national life. Christianity is challenged by: a slump in ethical ideals; an indifference to cardinal God's people are all marked with the same mark; they virtues; the propagation 'Of pagan phil'Os'Ophies have the same heart, guided by the same spirit of truth; 'Of life; the ravages of an uncontrolled, federally where this is, there can be no discord, but sweet harmony. fostered liquor traffic; the menace 'Of m'Ovies that May we, as Christian brethren, be united by unfeignetl persist in the unpatriotic pastime of disc'Ounting love, bending all our hearts and forces in furthering a their country in the eyes of the world by mag- work beyond our strength. nifying the worst features 'Of American life, idealizing crime and criminals, caricaturing Christian Federal Church and Home Missions Councils leadership, c'Onfusing the ethical ideals 'Of impres- were organized in 1908, when a new spirit 'Of cosi'Onable children; the divorce evil, with its tragic operation among our evangelical communions and trail from Reno to Hollywood and Washington. their respective missionary agencies began to reg- ister. We have witnessed practical applications Cooperation and Church Comity of the principle of cooperati'On until office files are cluttered with c'Onvincing cases 'Of progress. More Christian cooperative movements in America has been accomplished during the past twenty are a fulfilment of early ideals. When contacts years than in all the earlier years of American church history.

The Handwriting on the Wall in Japan A Story Told by A. E. AURELL, Tokyo Agent of the American Bible Society T HE following story is told by a Japanese "Come unto me all ye that labor and are heavily young man who was discouraged and planned laden and I will give you rest."

to commit suicide. Those gr·acious words of Christ made me recon- N'Ot being able to see eye t'O eye with my father sider indeed and almost unbeknowingly my feet there was often strife leading to divisions in my began to take me to the Christian church, the home. In moments of quiet reflecti'Ons it did seem address of which als'O was given on that wall. awfully regrettable that a son should be so obstinate.. It was ruinous not 'Only to me but to the Upon arrival at the church I was kindly welwhole family and an annoyance to the neighbor- comed by a man 'Of G'Od, and, to make the story h'O'Od. One day in desperation I decided to run short, I was born again! What an experience! away from home and day after day without rest It seemed to me I had awakened from a bad and sleep I traveled afoot till I reached Atami, dream! By the P'Ower of the Holy Spirit obstinacy the place widely known for "casting away 'Of life." and wickedness were removed from my heart. For a few moments bef'Ore taking the fatal jump Bitterly crying over the good-for-nothing past into the deep water at the f'O'Ot of the famous cliff life I repented fr'Om my innermost being, and the s'Omehow I was able t'O control the terrible feel- bright star of hope shined forth on the pathway 'Of ings of excitement of my heart while I took paper life. and pen out of my pocket to write a farewell note. In anguish I flung my head back and what should I was awfully ashamed 'Of the way I had treated happen but that my eyes fell on the words written my parents, and at once I set out 'On the way home on the smoothly cut mountain wall to the very detouring a bit to see an uncle in Tokyo. Finally, right 'Of me: in true humility and shame, in torn bodily garb, I "Wait a m'Oment! Reconsider!" returned t'O the presence of my longed-for parents. Reading those words again I read what followed I had run away hoping to wash out sin and un- righteousness in the ocean waters at Atami but them. instead of that mistaken attempt I met J €Sus Christ who renewed and clothed me with the robe

of His salvation. What a joy has come into my Word of God, written on the above mentioned heart! wall about twelve years ago–rewritten many times since-by an elderly Japanese man of God. "Next I called on the pastor of the church in His implicit confidence in the saving power of the our community and met with wonderful kindness. pure Word of God has been abundantly honored Now I am praising God for the power of the Gos- and he and his wife have had all they could do pel of Jesus Christ which was first brought to in dealing with the lost who have come to them my attention on the mountain wall at Atami." for instruction and guidance into the restful peace of Christ which He promised in Matthew 11: 38. This is one of hundreds of similar stories of lives that have been saved by the reading of the Korean Christian Te'stimony By F. S. MILLER, Chungju, Korea W HEN one of the Korean evangelists was interest in the Bible, their Sabbath observance working among Chinese across the border and their zeal for souls. in Manchuria, a Chinese woman asked: The Korean Presbyterian Mission in Shantung "Are you preaching what these Koreans be- Province, China, has helped to change the neighlieve?" borhood and has proved that self-support will work in China as in Korea. Reports come also "Yes, the same Jesus." that Korean Christians who migrated to Mexico have wielded the same helpful influence there and "Then I want you to tell me more about it. I a missionary in India recently translated and have been to their church to find the secret of their printed stories of Korean experience to stimulate happiness and peace but I cannot understand the Christians of his own province. what they say."

After listening to the Gospel she started home- A former Jewish rabbi writes in a recent book ward. The evangelist visited her on the following that one day he entered a store in Philadelphia and day when the woman gathered all the family to saw two Koreans in very earnest conversation.

listen to the Christian message. He asked what the trouble was and was told of In the early colonial days in America, the the struggle of the Koreans for freedom. The story won his sympathy and he invited the Ko- Scotch-Irish scattered through the forests of the reans to his home to talk further over the matter. new territory built churches and schoolhouses When they met, one of the Koreans said, "Let us everywhere. In the same way the Koreans are pray first." As the rabbi listened to that prayer scattering their churches and schools over Man- he became convinced of the power of Christ even churia and East Mongolia. As in America, many in the non-Christian world and eventually gave leading men in business, politics and the profes- himself to the Master. sions came from those little log churches and schools so we confidently expect that the young The Korean Christians take their new faith now being trained in the Christian churches and seriously and simply. Prayer is a real and regschools of Manchuria will take a leading part in ular part of their lives. They have their faults, the development of Eastern Asia. Some years ago and we missionaries, with thirty generations of a young Korean who moved to Manchuria from a Christianity behind us, may expect too much from Choong Chung church became a magistrate and first generation Christians, but we thank God for boys reared in the first Christian schools of Korea their genuine qualities and for their widening inhave become physicians in Manchuria. fluence. The story of what Christ has done in Korea has given new faith, courage and hope to As God chose little Judea, set in the midst of Christians scattered all over the world. what were then the world's largest nations, to be The results of Christian missions in Korea are His seedbed from which He sent evangelists to all the fruit of conservative, spiritual Christianity the known world, may He not have chosen Chosen which accepts the Bible as the Word of God, beto be His seedbed for the Far East? Japan has lieves in the miracles as the workings of an everalready felt the influence of Korean Christians and present and active Creator, and is convinced that Japanese Christians say that they have something there is "no other name under heaven, that is to learn from the Korean Church – from their given among men, wherein we must be saved" prayerfulness, their liberality, self-support, their than the name of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.

Missionary and His Native

FIFTY or more years ago it was comparatively His own people are beginning to attain to easy to lead and guide a people newly con- heights in education and scholarship which were quered, not only in warfare and material regarded by his forefathers as only the rights of things, but also in those deeper spiritual beliefs the white man. He is therefore becoming very which had been there since time began. The white conscious of these achievements and is beginning man and his science had brought doubt to the to wonder if he really needs the white man to minds of even the most conservative as to the work out his salvation, whether the trust he has reality and truth of his own magic, his religion, placed in him so long has not been in vain, in the and his ancestor worship. The white settler be- real things of his everyday life. He is beginning side him was uninfluenced by his superstitions; to look to his own black fellow men for guidance he prospered in spite of his unbelief and his jeer- and help, and the white man at the head becomes ing at the much feared witch doctor; his cattle a mere figurehead to whom only certain things increased; his fields were fertile; his children can be told and the rest left untouched. He is lived and were healthy, without his depending in literally becoming "difficult." He is learning every any way on those things on which his black neigh- day to be like his white fellow worker, outwardly bor depended. This was bound to affect the Bantu polite and civil, hiding a great deal of what he adversely and make him doubt very seriously his thinks of him, but nevertheless seeing through a own background and his ways of living and think- great deal and despising much, thus creating a ing, and an almost complete lack of confidence in state of affairs in which real harmonious and cohimself and his fellows was sure to take place. operative effort is an impossible task. He and his fellows discuss fully what they think of their The missionary, in his most admirable zeal and white colleagues, their work amongst them and ardor to civilize and Christianize, helped to in- their influence, but it is in very rare cases that crease this doubt, and in breaking down as savage the Bantu worker will be frank enough to tell his and barbaric all native institutions and customs, white fellow workers what he and others of his helped to increase this ever growing lack of con- race really think. They have found to their sorfidence in what belonged to the people and was row that such frank declarations on their part are part of their life. This process has gone on for greatly resented. They are considered inferior, over a hundred years in some parts of South and any suggestion of criticism of their superiors Africa. But now the Bantu has got used to the is considered altogether presumptuous. The relanew ways. Many of the young people of today tions between the two parties are therefore so have grown up knowing no other life but that strained and stiff that very seldom do you find which the missionary preached so well to their real intimate friendship existing between white great-grandfathers and their sons. He has grown and black in our native missionary schools and up with a clearer vision of what life really is and churches. If this state of affairs is as I have has been able to view his white neighbor, not as pictured it and as m~ny others know it to be, the some wonderful god who knows all, but as a inevitable question amongst Bantu youth workhuman being with faults and misdeeds like his ing under such conditions is, UApart from his own. Hence the old state of worship of the white man because he is white is fast dying off, and the academic qualifications, which he uses within the Bantu is becoming more critical and ever so much precincts of his classroom and therefore to a very more "difficult to manage." He is becoming mis- limited group, what is the gain in having white trustful of even the best .amongst his white friends teachers in our native schools? Is it not far betbecause he has so often trusted and been disap- ter to have men of our own race, perhaps not so pointed. He is suspicious, and is more confident well equipped academically, but yet giving of their in himself and in gui'ding his own life. His secrets all, being one with their fellow workers and with are now his own and not to be shared with the the students and making life much more natural missionary who used to be his father's trusted and easy, as the Bantu like it to be." This quesguide and helper. He is becoming race conscious tion will have to be faced more and more in fuand nationalistic, nor does he now hide his head ture and resentment on the part of either white in shame when the "immoral customs and habits" or black over frank discussions of some of these of his race are mentioned, because he has learned topics will only help make the situation more that such customs and habits are to a greater or lesser degree the heritage of all people, his white acute. neighbors included. MRS. F. Z. MATTHEWS, a member of the Xosa race, wife of a native professor, and her- self a teacher.

[601 ]

Ways of

'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO World Peace and Evangelism results, this statement is ac- feres with missionary endeavors. cepted by many as even more Thinking Christians are aware Never before was the subject true than it was fifteen years of Peace and War so integral a ago. If there ever was a time that the last war dealt a severe part of the Christian program when warfare was necessary or blow to the churches and mission for World Redemption as now. desirable, that time is now past. work. How can we, as disciples The testimony of missionaries is The peoples of the world are of Christ, send the Gospel of love universally to the effect that ov- waking up to the fact that twen- to other peoples and at the same ergrown nationalism and its off- time condone and support the spring – the war spirit – are tieth century warfare no longer destruction of our neighbors and well-nigh insuperable obstacles exemplifies the spirit of glory, of ourselves by prejudices, lies, to progress in spreading the Gos- discriminations and violence? It pel of Christ, the Prince of patriotism and supreme sacrifice is difficult to conceive of a more Pe'ace. Without exception the that has characterized past wars insincere or two-faced situation. missionary plans and literature of humankind. War today is a of the denominations that have "racket"; and the sins of greed, It was proclaimed that the sent material for use in this de- falsehood and suspicion, hatred World War was going to make partment give a prominent place and murder are its very lifeto endeavors for shaping up the blood. If wars are still inevita- the world more "safe for democ- Peace Mind. It is especially fit- ble it is because people are unting that in this month which racy," but the opposite has been commemorates the birth of Je- willing to abandon selfishness, or proved more nearly true. Not sus Christ and echoes the An- are blinded by greed and profit, gels' Song of "Peace on earth: or crazed by racial prejudice and only have dictatorships flourgood will to men" we should pre- false propaganda, all of which ished since the conflict but relisent materials majoring upon gion itself has been jeopardized. that great theme. Your Depart- are at variance with Christian In addition, nationalism with its ment Editor's earnest injunction teachings. The time has come is that every reader should do deification of the State is becomsomething to stimulate the pur- when the Church must choose ing so nearly a substitute for repose and forward the plans of between Christ and Mars, for the Mind for Peace. We are glad war is everything that Chris- ligion that, if it continues, govto present herewith an article ernments will take precedence written especially for the depart- tianity is not. over the claims of conscience and ment by an outstanding leader in The deep abiding spirit of this line. of faith in God. Christians must Christ and His way of life is ex- not allow patriotism to degener- CHRISTIAN RESPONSIBILITY FOR pressed in the word "love." It includes not only love for God ate into selfish, un-Christlike na- PEACE and love of neighbor but love for tionalism.

Fifteen years ago the former one's enemies. Out of this fun- We should be reminded of the American Chief of Staff, Gener- damental spirit of IQve spring existence of a peace movement al Tasker H. Bliss, said: "The within the Church. Three deresponsibility is entirely on the two Christian concepts: first, professing Christians of the belief in the supreme worth of nominations-the Church of the United States. If another war every human being; and, second, B ret h r e n (or Dunkards) , like the last one should come faith in the brotherhood of man they will be responsible for without regard to race, color or Friends and Mennonites are every drop of blood that will be known as the historic "peace shed." Now that we know more political state. In contrast war churches" because from their beabout how wars are made and ginnings they have opposed" war, understand their far-reaching thrives on hate. It violates hu- man personality and regjments upheld freedom of conscience and have placed allegiance to human beings. Because of the new hatreds and new problems God above allegiance to ea.rthly it creates, war is the relentless rulers. Members of the s e foe of human brotherhood. churches who refuse to partici- pate in war are called "consci- Not only must followers of entious objectors." Very reluc- Christ oppose war because of its repudiation of His teachings, tantly other denominations, in- cluding the Methodists, Congre- but because it seriously inter- gationalists and Christians and [ 602] the Unitarians have asked that

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

the same exemption from com- tion, not a decision, and often that several were on their feet to batant service be accorded their achieves its results better by be- speak simultaneously until time conscientious objectors. The ing an indirect appeal, in the had to be called and the meeting spirit of the early Church, up- form of a discussion among a closed. The participating panel- held by the small historic peace platform group, talking as if ists then took their places at a churches during centuries of spontaneously a m 0 n g them- peace literature table and dis- strife and persecutions, bids fair selves. Sending for an abund- pensed free leaflets and pamph- to become the prevailing force ance of varied peace literature, lets and recommended pay ma- of modern Christendom in its organizing and assigning it to terials to an eager throng. In turn toward the nonviolent way several good woman speakers at the foregoing, the speakers had of Christ. the Lakeside, Ohio, chautauqua, notes (but no manuscript) con- With the coming Christmas last August, the Editor led such cealed beneath the fancy work season it is incumbent upon a panel after this fashion: in their laps. Comments and re- churches and missionary organ- Everything was carefully pre- marks were made all through izations everywhere to make pared but not memorized or redefinite provision in their pro- cited as in a dialogue. Five the talks but not in such a way grams for the proclaiming of women entered and sat down in as to throw the speakers off their a living room scene to do fancy line of thought, as, "I believe Christ as the Prince of Peace. work under soft shaded lamps that too"; "I don't quite agree Every church should have a with you"; "That looks feas- peace committee headed by a while they talked as if sponta- ible," etc. wide-awake, interested chair- neously. The leader explained man. Encourage your paster to her motive in calling these The following literature is preach peace on Armistice Day friends together to counsel with recommended: Sunday, Christmas, Goodwill her on the peace-and-war situa- Day and other appropriate tion, expressing her own trou- The W. I. L. discussion group out- bled confusion of mind. She line, "World Peace the Responsibility dates. First there must be the called on Mrs. A- to give the of the Church," with study packet, will for peace. If your church gist of a private conversation 35 cents. they had had the other day, and has been slow in teaching peace, the latter responded in an eight- "Publication List with Prices," free. minute talk covering the peace "World Citizenship and the Relistrive for an impressive Christ- educational plans mnd methods. gious Program," free. mas program on international "Women's International League for goodwill and for at least one Mrs. B- breaks in at a pre- Peace and Freedom – Programs and program on peace each quarter arranged point and says that is Policies," free. all very well but something more The foregoing may be ordered from during the coming year in the p r act i c a I – something with The Women's International League, 1924 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. church school. The young people "teeth" in it-must be done. She "What Can Christians Do for talks for another brief period on Peace?" by Theodore A. Greene; a will enjoy giving one of the many auxiliary political, legislative sylla.JUs prepared for use by church and organizational methods. discussion groups. 25 cents. excellent peace plays now avail- "Is War the Way?" by John L. Mrs. C-is so full of enthusi- Lobingier; a six-session course for inable. If the will for peace is well asm she can hardly wait to tell dividual reading and church study established in your congregation, of ways for attacking the subject groups. 25 cents. from the purely religious side. then embark upon a plan of ac- "Proposed Roads for Peace," by tion. Study groups are recom- The leader then asks Mrs'. Richard M. Fagley; adult education mended among young people and D-, who has been listening in- series. 35 cents. tently and taking notes from adults to make clear the social time to time, to give the group Order the above three from The Piland economic causes of war- the benefit of her tabulative, sys- grim Press, Boston, Mass. fare and suggest peace action tematic mind; whereupon Mrs. programs and projects. The D- partly talks and partly "The Price of Peace," by E. Guy reads a well organized outline Talbott; a handbook on America's need is great for intelligent international relations. 25 cents. Na- Christians to pioneer in this vi- tional Council for Prevention of War, tal and urgent field of goodwill 532 17th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. among nations and help the idealistic lovers of peace to keep "Thinking It Through," by Evelyn R. their feet on the gI'ound through Nicholson; a discussion on World practical achievements. Peace. 10 cents. Methodist Book Concern, New York. MRS. OLIVE SMITH BOWMAN, of the things churches, young people's groups, Sunday schools, "Youth Action in Building a War- Pennsylvania State Chairman of women's missionary organiza- less World." 15 cents. International Religious Contacts Committee, Council of Religious Education, 203 Women's International League tions, clubs and community citi- N. Wabash Ave., Chicago, Ill. for Peace and Freedom. "What Shall We Do About War,"

zens in general can do. by Sherwood Eddy and Kirby Page.

The leader then rises and ad- 15 cents. Eddy and Page, 347 Madi- son Ave., New York. dresses the audience for the first PLANS AND MATERIALS time, asking them f,or their re- List of Material and Suggestions The Department Editor has for Exhibits, free. found the panel discussion one "Peace Action" – a monthly paper of the best ways of arousing in- action upon the subject. giving news and suggestions for prac- tical action. 5 cents per copy. Order the above two, also a variety terest and spreading informa- The Lakeside audience as rep- of plays and pageants, from The Na- tion. This form of discussion resented in the women's club, tional Council for the Prevention of aims at education and inspira- was so enthusiastic and eager War, 532 17th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

"Suggested Selections for Programs Prevention of War (address as pre- God's great gift to us. (The use of a for Armistice Day, Good Will Day viously given). Christmas tree on which each story- and Other Peace Days," for Sunday "Christ Is Born in Bethlehem"- teller places a large gold star to repschools, elementary schools and high beautiful nativity play introducing resent her field adds to the interest.) schools, free. American Interracial prophets, shepherds, kings, angels and For a woman's missionary meeting. Peace Committee, 20 S. 12th St., Phil- a chorus singing familiar carols. Open meeting by singing "Hark, the adelphia, Pa. Three scenes, 16 or more characters. Herald Angels Sing," followed with 50 cents. Woman's Press, 600 Lex- prayer. Christmas carols played on Much is being attempted by ington Ave., New York. "Eagerheart"-Christmas play suit- the Qrgan are echoed to adjoining lec- able for use on Sunday evening. Fifthe Youth Division of the Emer- teen or more characters. 1% hours. ture room where audience is seated. gency Peace Compaign, in which Chappel and Co., 41 E. 34th St., New Devotional period culminates in cornet solo, "Silent Night." Van Dyke's more than 225 college men and Christmas story, "Let Us Go Even women spent two months last York. unto Bethlehem," is told or read; summer organizing, instructing "Long Ago in Judea" -unusual then a mother holding her baby reads working over of the Christmas nar- a Christmas poem. At this time the and stimulating people all over rative. Two scenes. Seventeen char- room is darkened and a star shines the U. S. to work for peace. acters. 30 cents. Samuel French, 25 out revealing the spirits of Christ, They tried to "strengthen the W. 45th St., New York. Love and Service bringing gifts. A pacific alternatives to war, make Similar list of 60 good Christmas lighted cross brings to view a small political and eoonomic changes dramatizations, also lists of Easter, Christmas tree covered with tinsel but Children's Day, Thanksgiving, tem- no ornaments. During singing the necessary for a just and peace- three spirits distribute to audience ful world order, and unite in one perance, stewardship, Mothers' Diy, tiny white stockings. Place offerings dynamic movement all those in- Home and Foreign mission and gen- in these and marching to the tree, dividuals and organization.s will- eral plays and pageants in a pamph- hang stockings on it, thus decorating ing to work against war . . . tree and receiving the offering. A SQ- let entitled "Catalog of Plays and cial hour mav follow. They plan to work on 1,000 col- Pageants," a veritable treasure house lege campuses in the U. S. Twen- of usable material. 10 cents. Send "Christmas Around the World." to The Baptist Board of Education, This program consisted of tableaux Department of Missionary Education, behind a large veiled frame, giving the ty-five field secretaries covering 152 Madison Avenue, New York. appearance of a picture. A chorus of every state in the union will re- women sang the accompanying carol . cruit volunteers for next sum- Program Suggestions: while tableau was being shown and mer's program – peace patrol between tableaux. (1) Carol, "God "The Life of Christ in Song." teams to do work in the commu- Hymns and songs given by young Rest Ye, Merry Gentlemen." Tableau, nities surrounding the colleges." people, with appropriate Christmas (Woman's Home Missions.) Try readings between each two numbers. six carollers grouped around tall Eng- lish lamp post, holding books and ap- "Tuning in on Christmas." Plat- pearing to sing. (2) Carol, "Tannento have your church young peo- form arranged to represent broadcast- baum." Tableau, The Home of the ple link themselves up with this ing studio with microphone, etc. Christmas Tree. A little German boy Leader taking part of announcer and girl, each with a toy, stand near promising movement. stands at microphone as program be- lighted tree, a table, chair, etc., add- PLAYS AND PAGEANTS gins, her opening announcement in- ing home touch. Joy is the theme. cluding call letters suitable for the (3) Carol, "Silent Night." Tableau, particular group and statement that a Among suitable plays and pa- Christmas program is about to be A Christmas Eve Midnight Service in geants for Christmas meetings broadcast from the studio (place of France. An altar with cross and are the following: lighted candles in center of picture meeting) . As each number is an- suggests cathedral interior. Worship- nounced the person taking the part pers kneel in prayer. (4) Carol, "A Christmas Car 0 1" – original should be ready to step to the micro- "While Shepherds Watched Their dramatization of Dickens' charming phone that there may be no awkward Flocks by Night." Tableau, Christstory portraying the true Christmas pauses. Announcer reminds audience mas in a Chinese Mission. American spirit. 20 characters. 1112 hours. 35 at the start that there can be no missionary seated holding open Christcents. Christmas obt':ervation where the mas box from which she is handing Christ story is unknown and that the out gifts to Chinese girls grouped "Christmas for All Nations"-intro- program will bring messages from around. Use Chinese costumes, furducing children of all nationalities our representatives who are telling nishings, curios. Fine for stressing who describe their customs and be- the Story around the world. (This White Cross gifts. liefs. 15 or more young folks. 40 plan fine for incorporating material minutes. 25 cents. (5) Carol, "Up on the Housetop."

Order these two from March from THE REVIEW and denominational Tableau, Christmas in the U. S. Little Brothers, 208 Wright Ave., Lebanon, missionary magazines.) boy and girl in night clothes peek Ohio. "The Real Christmas Tree" (Tree through door watching Santa Claus "A Christmas Mystery"-finest of of Life). Its branches spread over empty his pack in front of fireplace. Christmas songs and carols sung by all lands and its leaves are "for the Lighted tree at side. (6) Carol, "The audience while Christmas story is healing of the nations." After song First Noel." Tableau, Unity in presented in pantomime culminating service of the familiar music, read Adoration. Manger scene. Carol is in final tableau. 15 cents. Isaiah 9: 6 and the Christmas story sung as introduction preceding show- as told by Luke, followed by the sing- ing of picture. When curtains are "At the Door of the Inn" – good reader and 30 or more characters. ing of "Hark, the Herald. Angels drawn at close of scene, audience joins 1 % hours. 20 cents. Sing." Leader points out that as our in singing "In Him There Is No East Order these from The Pilgrim missionaries tell the Christmas story Nor West." Press, Boston, Mass. . they see the fulfilment of the promise, All the foregoing suggestions are "Around the World with Santa "light and life to all He brings." Sev- taken from "Progr~m Pointers," a Claus"-American boy and girl per- eral members then tell (not read) mimeographed sheet issued monthly suade Santa to take them on his jour- stories of the work at home and by Miss Elizabeth I. Fensom, Program ney around the world, a typical scene abroad (see THE REVIEW and denom- Secretary, Baptist Council on Finance in each country thus visited being inational leaflets). Close with hymn, and Promotion, 152 Madison Ave., shown. Four adults, 10 or more chil- "In Christ There Is No East nor New York City. Subscription price, dren. 10 cents. National Council for West" and prayer of gratitude for 25 cents per year.

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK Bring an Old and Crippled Prayer home life, why Mary and the Child '!When wilt Thou save thy peo- angels sang, why the Shepherds ple, Lord?" When we behold and wise men came bringing Alfred Noyes in "A Spell (An gifts. May no Christmas gift of Excellent Way to Get a F'airy)" the wonder of the Christ-child, ours to the children be unworthy leads one through man's various born among good, poor folk and of thee, the gift from God. For attempts to capture the quality the sake of the little children of in life often symbolized by "a outside an inn, and consider the world, help us to consecrate fairy." Each unsuccessful trial, what the life of our Lord Jesus ourselves to Thee and thy Way he concludes with the words, Christ has meant to us and of Life. Amen. myriads like us, and then re- If this fail, at break of day, member before thee, our sin Call to the Twelfth Conference There remains a better way. against thy love and sin against on the Cause and Cure of War our fellowmen – yea, neglecting The "Spell" is concluded by The Twelfth Annual Conferwords, the wisdom of which even the little ones of our own neighborhood, we cry for thy cannot be escaped, and the coun- loving kindness! "Be merciful ence on the Cause and Cure of sel of which few persons accept unto us, and bless us." War will take place in Chicago, lest someone call them "foolish!" Cause us to see and serve the at the Palmer House, January But during the "Christ-child" children, Lord, not only those of 26-29, 1937. The theme will be festival, we seem more free than our own household but even "Today in Peace and War" and at other times. Our hearts are these little old ones who are crip- delegates from the eleven namore gentle and our wills are pled and wizened at seven. Keep tional organizations of American more swift to perform lovely us from shirking our responsi- women participating in the Conacts. The poet in his "Excellent bility for these hurt children. ference will consider the barriway to get a fairy" suggests that Make us see the futility of bring- ers to international cooperation, we act so- ing children into the world only and the building up of effective Bring an old and crippled child to spoil and despoil them. Help peace machinery. Some of the Ah, tread softly, on tiptoe!- us to do what we can to feed highlights will be the "Interro- them-clothe them-leave them gation Luncheons," the Univer- Tattered, tearless, wonder-wild, "for an hour alone." Teach us sity of Chicago Round Table, and From that underworld below, how to tell them aright the the Marathon Round Tables Bring a wizened child .of seven meaning of this saying, We will luncheon. The number of dele- Reeking from the City slime, Out of hell into your heaven, Set her knee-deep in the thyme. listen, Lord. Thou art the Way gates allocated to the church Feed her-clothe her-even so! -the Truth-the Life! Thou groups, is only two hundred. Set her on a fairy throne. hast said we all must be more Register early. The fee is $5.00 When her eyes begin to glow childlike in order to enter payable at the Conference. For Leave her for an hour-alone. Heaven. Teach us the stories of the first time the Conference is And then Noyes concludes "A the Christ-child, of his early to be held in the Middle. West thus enabling many Spell" with the assur- ance that women to attend who Though her head have been unable to be old and wise, got 0 Washington.

You shall know Please write immedi- that she has ately either to the For- seen them eign Missions Confer- By the glory in ence, 156 Fifth her eyes. Ave., New and that ….. ———– York, N. Y., or When she lifts her THE ONLY CHIUSTMAS THIS MIGRANT FAMILY WILL HAVE The Council of head and sings, ., Women for Home Mi s- You shall h ear sions, 105 East and un der- 22d St., N. Y. stand.

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Introducing Miss Lowry old friendships strengthened. remedied the difficulty or made And I thank you one and all. On October 15, your editor the matter understandable as a "The work lies in what I call closed gently the doors on the the religious-social area, diverse part of the process of growth last five years of "life and work," enough in factors and flexible and turned toward the new paths enough in form (although thirty and change. True, there has not ahead. Of first importance is years old) to be considered a the remarkable fact that on the genuine 'laboratory' for effective been eough financial resources to same day Miss Edith E. Lowry, Christian service. In this area my associate in the work of the of service are definitely new care for advance in work which forms of cooperation among Council of Women for Home quite different church groups; seemed essential. That has MissioLs, became Executive Sec- also, there are unified programs retary, and the new Editor of caused the Executive Secretary the Bulletin, and Miss Charlotte EDITH E. LOWRY Mary Burnham became 'concern' both in the general and Associate Secretary. secured through the coordina- tion of varied social skills and the Indian work. Nevertheless, What may be called resources, and other programs in the making; and the cowork- each year has seen advance in "full tide of life" moves ers are consecrated Christian through all the work of leaders. If asked to do so, I the conception that this interdethe Council of Women for could make specific the descrip- Home Missions. It seems tion of the area just given. nominational work is denominato the Editor, signs of tional responsibility. Many good health that her resig- "The program of work places nation could take place in ~ clear emphasis on the functions -, of you receive me as a June, that a Committee on of the Christian Church _with a program rather than per- mission to proclaim the Gospel member of your own de- of the true way of life. Organi- nomination, reporting to sonnel was named, that zational difficulties, personality the new Executive Secre- clashes, financial worries, have your membership either tary could accept a ready during the years found secondadjustment to be made in ary emphasis, except occasion- in person at Annual Meetthe set-up of the work ally, and then the good spiritual ings or Institutes, or by (Miss Lowry continues to health of the whole work SDon direct the Migrant Work) written reports. And this and that the farewell has greatly helped in the luncheon was also the wel- work of the Council .of come luncheon to the newly elected secretaries. Women for Home Mis- The last days were like a sions. prolonged festival wit h friends – flo w e r sand "The work is one of ingifts, laughter and tears, creasing com i t y among and altogether of more significance t han words the Boards. It was thrill- ing to come into a work can tell. In response to the gra- which was closing a Five- Year Period of Survey cious and witty expression of appreciations at the Luncheon and Adjustment (and adfollowing the last Administrative j ustments had actually Committee meeting, your Editor gave briefly an explanation of taken place); and now to her personal satisfaction in the have participated in a secresponsibilities that had been ond period of five-year hers since January, 1932. planning known as Strat- In introducing Miss Edith Lowry to you, the brief explana- egy and Planning for adtion is again given on request: vance on the whole task "The work of the Executive of the church. Then, too, the beginnings of coordi- Secretary of the Council of Women for Home Missions has nation in pro g ram of been one of teaching, preaching, w r i tin g and administrative four interdenominational work, both on the field, as we bodies as shown in the acsay, and at h e a d qua r t e r s. tive Inter-Council Fie I d Through this work, many new friendships have been made, and Committee indicates, at the very least, the will to good spiritual health of Protestant church forces. And this took place when national life was characterized by what we call 'the depres- sion.' " You will find the Editor at home, The Westchester, 4000 Cathedral Avenue, Washington, D. C. ANNE SEESHOLTZ.

*** The Annual Meeting of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions, including the National Conference on the City Church will be held at the Berkeley Carteret Hotel, Asbury Park, New Jersey, January 11-14, 1937.

World–wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO NORTH AMERICA single persons; and single lower Scripture Hunger in Virginia Cutting Suicide Rate than' widowed or divorced per- A group of Christian workers last year opened a Sunday school Some one in the United States sons. -Literary Digest. in an abandoned church near commits suicide every half-hour. Beldor, Virginia, in the Blue Annually, for thirty years; 20,- Boys' Gospel Team Ridge mountains. Last May, ac- 000 persons have taken their companied by a minister, they lives; 40,000 more have tried The Asheville Farm School for held a service at the mountain and failed. But The Spectator, Boys has a Gospel Team. Five home of a cripple, when 66 were insurance agents' magazine, es- active, and eleven associate present. This cripple promised, timates that suicides had ebbed members have divided into three if he knew when the minister to 17,000 in 1935, lowest number groups for the work for the fol- would return, to have 100 presin ten years. Next to economic lowing month. One group is ent. Two weeks later, 104 came. upturn, the chief factor in this working on the morning devo- The next visit, a week later, was decrease is the National Save-a- tions program, the second group rewarded with an attendance of Life League. Ministering to 400 on the program for the young over 150. People came from would-be suicides. a month, Doc- people at Marshall, and the third various directions, while only tor Harry W. Warren, the presi- on the program for the mission- one house is visible from the dent, has saved 30,000 persons ary society at Farm School. The place where the meeting is held. since he founded his organiza- boys have set a definite goal to tion thirty years ago. work toward, and are trying for One family living more than vast improvement over last year. four miles away has not missed Some cases require medical or a service since the work began. psychiatric treatment; others -Owl and Spade. The parents and two of the chillegal or financial aid. Last year, dren walk, while the three staff workers called on 1,387 Helping the "Share Croppers" smaller ones are placed on an old Greater New York homes where mule, which the father leads. suicide had been committed, Moved by the suffering of the 1,991 homes where it had been "share croppers" in the South, The best pew is a flat board attempted. Sherwood Eddy, from funds about six inches wide, and many raised by appeal, purchased over in the audience are seated on Dr. F. L. Hoffman, statistician 2,000 acres of rich delta land in round poles about six or seven attached to the University of the State of Mississippi, and has inches in diameter. The work- Pennsylvania, has clipped sui- invited dispossessed families· to ers say they have never seen cide items for 25 years and come and settle, in cooperative such a hunger for Scripture makes the following deductions: communities. These poor peo- truth. the west coast had a rate nearly ple, largely Negroes, who have double that of the New England cultivated small sections of land -Moody Institute Monthly. states. of large owners under a share system, have been so systemati- Increased Gifts Suicides, depressed by winter cally ground by the owners that discouragements, tend to pick they have joined hands in self- For the first time since 1929, summer and late spring for their defence, and have as a result one year's contributions of the acts. been evicted from their tenan- local churches of the Presby- cies. The whole South seems to terian Church in the U. S. A. Men make up three-quarters be suffering from the evils of showed an increase of more of the deaths. Main cause: busi- this sharecropping system, and than $1,000,000 during the year ness failure. But girls, more this effort to help them on a ending March 31, 1936. The often than boys up to the age of large scale on a cooperative plan 8,975 local churches contributed nineteen, take their lives. Main is described by one expert as $36,801,474. This is a gain of cause: unrequited love. Up to "on the verge of the biggest $1,082,943 over the preceding thirty-nine, only one-half to one- thing in human welfare in this year, which had registered an third as many women commit country. The possibilities of increase of $421,304 over the suicide as do men; beyond forty, this constructive program are year ended March 31, 1934. only one-sixth. Married people staggering." From 1929 to 1934 an annual show a lower suicide rate than decrease had been reported. -United Church Review.

[607 ]

More communicant members bution of higher education un- paths to that highway and the were added during the year, der Christian auspices to such outside world. There are almost both on profession of faith and conservation; the responsibility no doctors, only a few schools, on certificates of transfer from of the Presbyterian Church in and only six churches, three other churches, than in the pre- the U. S. A. to play its part in Baptist and three Catholic. Lack ceding year. Additions on pro- making this indispensable confession totaled 78,207 and on tribution to the conservation of of Christian education have left certificate 43,940. these spiritual values." these people debased and degen- erate in the extreme. Of the $36,801,474 contributed -Presbyterian Banner. by the local churches, $25,539,- -So S. Times. 999 was used for local congregational expenses. Gifts to benevo- A "Million Unit Fellowship" Moody Still Speaks lence causes made by living givers amounted to $4,852,481. The Methodist Episcopal About forty-two years ago Per capita the church gave for Church, comprising 4,000,000 Dwight L. Moody founded the all purposes $19.18, which is 62 communicants in the U. S. and Bible Institute Colportage Assocents more than during the pre- I,UOO,OOO in 40 mission fields, ciation of Chicago. The extent ceding year. is launching a new movement to which this service of the to be known as the "Million Unit printed page has grown is shown -Presbyterian Tribune. in the latest annual report of the Fellowship." Plans for Presbyterian association. During the past fis- Centennial The purposes are: (1) the in- cal year, the association has pub- spiration and renewal of per- lished and distributed no less On June 24th the Presbyterian sonal devotion to the ideals, life than 4,184,357 copies of its own General Council, meeting in pUblications, (a gain of nearly Philadelphia, adopted several and social standards of Christ; basic principles to be followed (2) to mobilize the resources of 450,000 copies over 1935), bein the raising of $1,000,000 or sides the sale of thousands upon less for the world-wide work of the church for study of, and ac- thousands of Bibles, books and the church and $10,000,000 or tion· upon, the social and eco- magazines printed by other less for Christian higher educa- nomic problems of the day; (3) evangelical publishers. All this tion; among them the following: the stabilizing of Methodist literature was dis t rib ute d opinion in support of the "Chris- throughout the United States (1) That the centennial cele- tian Way" and (4) the renewal and several foreign countries as bration of the Board of Foreign of personal devotion among a missionary effort. Those re- Missions is primarily inspira- ceiving free literature include tional and educational, and that Methodists to the world mission prisoners, patients in federal, the financial aspects of the cen- of the church. state and city hospitals and santennial will be subordinated to atoriums, children in mountain these primary purposes. (2) Bishop Frederick T. Keeney, and pioneer schools, seamen on That during the calendar year . ocean vessels, young men in CCC 1937 the Board of Foreign Mis- who is Director of the new Fel- camps, and the neglected peoples sions in presenting its financial lowship, says: of Alaska, Africa, India, Latin program will make reference to America, the Philippines, Spain the "Capital Purposes Fund" of "So far as the 4,000,000 comthe Boards of Christian Educa- municants of the Methodist and French Louisiana. Teachers tion and National Missions Episcopal Church are concerned in 115 mountain counties rewhich is to be raised in the three ceived during the year 210,696 following calendar years, 1938- and three to four million other copies of the Gospel of John 40. (3) During the calendar persons who are the natural conyears 1936 and 1937 a publicity stituency of our church, we are approach to the church will be going to try for the spontaneous, made by the Boards of Christian creative and internal type of or- Education and National Mis- dered living." sions in reference to the "Capital Purposes Fund" which is to The Sabine Field (with helps) for their scholars, be sought in the three years fol- together with 82,881 colportage lowing. This approach will be against a background of "con- An area known as the "deep books and 72,858 Evangel book7 servation of the spiritual values woods of the Sabine River bot- lets, and to those scholars who which are necessary to the pres- tom," lying between Louisiana read the Gospel of John and ervation of American democ- and Texas, has a population al- memorized selected passages, racy; the free church in the free most as needy as the dwarfs of 47,561 New Testaments and state; the indispensable contri- darkest Africa. On the Texas Pocket Treasurys were given as side of the Sabine River the rewards. These teachers re- Spanish language is spoken; on port about 250 conversions, and the Louisiana side there are some many others have been estab- 6,000 people speaking English. lished in their faith.

They are a people apart. The Gospel car "Evangel" has There are settlements in the visited sixty-seven cities and "deep woods" that are only fif- towns of Florida, Georgia and teen miles from the highways, the Carolinas during the year, but in which are men and women traveled over 5,000 miles, and who have rarely, if ever, ridden participated in 238 services.

or walked through the wood -The Presbyterian.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK '609

Carville Leper Hospital Weare not faced with illiteracy- and asked for prayer that they nearly all can read. TJley seem to Dr. H. E. Hasseltine, Director have learned to read in some extraor- may find Christ. of the Leper Hospital at Car- dinary way – how, I do not know. -So S. Times. ville, La., says that a leper can Weare working among a people who come anonymously, change his cover an area greater than that of Seven Year Campaign name while at the Hospital, and, the British Isles, where there is only if cured, leave the place to re- one Mission Station working among The Latin American Prayer sumehis real identity, his ex- two or three thousand people, the maperience never to be known out- jority of whom are inaccessible. Yet Fellowship is undertaking to side of the hospital's secret a large proportion of them come to records. When patients wish to the Mission Station at least once a place a Gospel and a tract in conceal their identity, the hos- year when in the city to obtain suppital authorities cooperate. plies. Then we bring to them the every home in Mexico, in a syste- Word of God. We do not yet have the Since. the founding of the in- whole Bible in Eskimo. . matic house-to-house visitation. stitution, 1,130 lepers have been sent (or gone voluntarily) to They expect to complete this Carville. The inmates are :from 37 states. Four states have each task within seven years. The furnished more than 100. These are: Louisiana, 507; California, work began with three weeks of 158; Texas, 121, and New York, LATIN AMERICA prayer and preparation. One 10l. SJnce 1921, 196 lepers have leader tested the plan in the been paroled, apparently well. Conversion of a Merchant fanatical town of Patzcuaro. Thirty others, also apparently cured, remained voluntarily. Of Don Feliciano is a general In two days over two hundred these.;sent out apparently well, Dr. Hasseltine said, 23 have re- merchant in the Indian village homes were visited, and men and turned with active leprosy. women gladly accepted the Since 1921, 235 have run away. of Cacahuatepec, in an isolated Eighty-five of these are recorded Word. -So S. Times. as still "out," Dr. Hasseltine section of Oaxaca, Mexico. To said, although it is known that some of them have died. get needed medical treatment he Ingathering in Guatemala traveled by airplane and bus to Marked advance is reported in the work among the Quiche Puebla, and during his stay Indians of Guatemala. Las t February there were twenty- started reading a book that eight professions of faith. Two weeks later, at Huehuetanango, gripped him. After returning more than fifty Indians joined the church. During the week home he wrote to Dr. F. L. preceding Easter nineteen more Meadows (medical missionary, became active Christians. In May there were thirteen at in Puebla), asking for a copy Barillas, twenty-one at Retal- hulen, and seven at the dedica- of this book. It was a transla- tion of a new chapel. In three tion of Paul Kanamori's "Three months Rev. Paul Burgess saw 167 publicly dedicate themselves Hour Sermon," which covers to Christ. His own congrega- tion, at Quezaltenango, became the whole scheme of salvation. so large that a new church edi- fice had to be built. Other books followed this one. -The Presbyterian. Czechoslovak Center-Chfcag9 He wrote that he had been a slave to his own ignorance, but At the annual Czechoslovak that now he was free and could Baptist Con v e n t ion of the talk to others on religion. A United States and Canada, held year later Don Feliciano re- in a Czechoslovak church in Chi- turned to Puebla, and on a Sun- cago, several thousand dollars day night in the Baptist church were collected for missionary publicly accepted Christ as his work which the Convention is Saviour. He has now asked an un~ertaking in America, Can- evangelist to come to his little town. -Missions. ada, Czechoslovakia and Poland. Evangelical Work in Paraguay This meeting commemorated 40 Hopeful Signs years of Czechoslovak Baptist It is hoped that the end of the Senor Gonzalez, the secretary Chaco war will allow Christian work in America. to President Cardenas, in an enterprises to go forward un- open letter to Mexican Catholics, hamperea, but the chan,ge to Chicago is a great Czecho- insists that the Catholic clergy military government may cause are inconsistent in demanding some embarrassment to evanslovak center, as 300,000 Czecho- liberties that they cannot, ac- gelical missions, and there is a cording to their dogmas, grant possibility that the religious slovaks live there, and there are to others. He says: "The gov- question will be handled after ernment guarantees to every- the Mexican model. On the seven Czechoslovak B apt i s t body the free exercise of his re- whole, 'however, Evangelicals are ligious beliefs." satisfied with the favorable aschurches, with eleven meeting surances that have been given -Missions. Christian work is now permit- them. Evangelical work in places. ted among "the 5,000 prisoners Paraguay is limited in extent, of the penitentiary in Mexico. but that among the Indians in In Baffin Land One visitor has a list of 120 who the Chaco has acquired :awide have 'accepted 'Gospel potitions, Baffin Land, probably the northernmost of all missionstations, is one of 128 countries to which tl1eScriptureGift Missitm has sent the Bible. Speaking of Scripture distribution there, Mr. Duncan says:

reputation. Evangelistic effort, eign territories, notably in Sene- mit. In these there are more social activity and a mission gal, New Caledonia, Tahiti, than 1,500 scholars, and over among lepers are all represented, and the Loyalty Islands in the 150 teachers.-The Christian. and the International College in South Seas, where, as in Madathe capital is one of the best of gascar, it took over the missions Protestants in Bulgaria such institutions in South Amer- founded by English, American ica. and Norwegian Societies. After Protestantism is stronger and the War, it shared with Amer- more progressive in Bulgaria Vital Work of Bible Societies ican missions the German mis- than in any other Balkan state. sionary work in the mandated The Bible School grew out of a The British and Foreign Bible Cameroun territory. Some of Bib 1e Conference supported Society has been at work in its missionaries labor in Togo- annually for twenty-five years Chile for almost a century; the land and on the Ivory Coast. by the Bible Lands Missions' Aid American Bible Society joined Society. It has two sectionsthem later. Their remarkable -The Life of Faith. one for the training of Biblecirculation of the Bible has led women (some of whom are pasa zealous priest, the Rev. Cosme The Bible in Germany tors' wives); and a three-year Julien, to urge the Archbishop Biblical Theological Seminary of Chile toward a nation-wide The German Bible Societies course for pastors. In the five campaign of preaching based on had a remarkable year in 1934. years of its history, fifty-five stuthe Bible. A Chilean correspond- Persecution has driven the peo- dents have enrolled, and many ent for the Presbyterian Banner ple to the Scriptures. In face of are now working effectually for says: "I have just received a repressive measures of the Hit- Christ as ordained pastors, itin- Roman Catholic edition of the ler regime on churches and the erant evangelists, or lay workfour Gospels which bears the ministry, the Bavarian Society ers. imprimatur of the Bishop of issued 15,269 Bibles as against Argentina. In the introduction 11,970 the preceding year; the There is an annual summer to this attractive little Biblical Saxony Society, 46,994 against school, to which over 100 pasmanual the Bishop writes: 'To 31,062; the Prussian, 169,762 tors and Christian workers make the reading of the word of 'againist 138,990, and the Wurt- gather for a season of Bible God easy is to prepare the way temberg, 844,383 against 715,- study and Christian fellowship. of the Lord. Heaven grant that 542. -Christianity Today. it may reach the hands of the -The Christian. people and great numbers of The Church in Poland them. There is no other way of Polish Jews' Demands reconquering the w 0 rid for The annual conference of mis- Christ.' " sionaries and delegates from the The Jews of Poland have re- indigenous churches in Poland, cently made ten demands of the EUROPE connected with the Russian Mis- government. Among these de- sionary Society, was held this mands are (1) That the name Paris Evangelical Society year at Lutsk. "Christian" shall not be used in any inscription where Jews and For the first time in thirty The conference, which is held Gentiles live side by side; (2) years, with the exception of as much for the teaching and in- that the Jewish Sabbath shall be 1915-16, the Paris Evangelical spiration of the workers, and for officially recognized and that the Foreign Missionary Society has the preaching of the Gospel, as Jews shall have the right to conclosed a year without a deficit. for the conduct of business, cov- duct their businesses on Sunday Pastor Andre Monod writes: "It ered a full week. as if it were a workday; (3) is no longer a question of ampu- that schoolbooks objectionable tating our work; we are able on The record showed that over to the Jews shall be prohibited the contrary to send out all our thirty mission stations had been from the schools; (4) that the missionaries on leave and to send opened during the year, and that title "Christian" as applied to out the indispensable reinforce- there were thirty-four new land, nationality, or church shall ments." workers. The total membership be totally prohibited. is now over 9,000, and the num- This Mission has a long his- ber of evangelists, preachers -World Outlook. tory behind it. At a time when and workers is about 250, most Protestant missions were for- of whom are supported by in- AFRICA bidden in French Colonies the digenous churches. During the Society, founded in 1822, was year these raised a large sum of Cooperation in Egypt given an opening in British money for the support of the South Aft;ica, where it estab- workers, and the maintenance of Rev. E. G. Parry, of Cairo, lished stations in Basutoland, the girls' orphanage at Constan- writes in the C. M. S. Outlook and later in Southern Rhodesia; cin. Sixty-nine Sunday schools that churches in Egypt are beand when the way was open, are now established, but there is coming more and more unity started missions in French for- need for many more, which can conscious, and that so fal:! as pos- be opened as soon as funds per- sible the two great missionary societies in Egypt, the American

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Presbyterian Mission and the Literacy-Test of Progress further training before being C. M. S. have so arranged their in Egypt placed in little churches in the work that there shall be no over- Illiteracy in Egypt is slowly district." -C. M. S. Outlook. lapping. decreasing. In 1917 the census The E gyp tInter – Mission showed that less than 10 per cent New Church at Nshinga Council, formed in 1920, has of men and only 5 per cent of done most valuable work and, women could read. Ten years Christians of Nshinga, Portuthrough its Committee on "Mis- later (1927) the census showed guese Congo, now have their sions and Government," has that 17.5 per cent of men and 2 own substantial house of worbeen able to present a united per cent of women were literate. ship. In 1932 there was but one front on many questions. Today Egypt has a national Christian there; today there are eighty-eight loyal followers Under the inspiration of the An- school system largely through of Christ. At the first service in glican Native Church, effective work the new building four hundred is being undertaken with members of the generosity and interest of the late King Fuad. Thirty-nine and fifty people were' present to the Coptic Church among both Moslems, and Copts. This is chiefly a lay dailies and 257 journals are pub- share in the dedication of this movement, led by the Secretary of the new church. Several incidents C. M. S., an Egyptian priest and an lished. A new book comes off gave the occasion special signifievangelist from Old Cairo Hospital. the press every day. Illiteracy is A group of Anglican and Coptic lay- not an unsurmountable bar to in- cance. A boy of about twe!ve men are being trained to preach and struction, for, as in seventeenth- recited the whole of the Scripto conduct services in village homes ture lesson faultlessly in excelin districts where there is no church century Eng 1and, the fluent lent Portuguese, and a woman within close distance. The work is shared with four men in the extending, and there is a children's reader reads aloud to illiterate singing of a special hymn. meeting run by English and Egyp- groups in coffee houses, shops, private houses, or even in the tians from the Old Cairo Hospital. street. The desire for general The service was not without literacy is growing, and Egyp- its touches of African humor. Fellowship of Unity tian women are demanding The paramount chief was pres- It is some seventeen years schools, equal educational privi- ent, and expressed in a speech leges for girls and marriage re- the joy of himself and his people since the Fellowship of Unity forms. The Egyptian Univer- at possessing at last a prayer- sity has 2,500 students; Govern- house of their own. "But our was inaugurated in Egypt as a ment secondary schools, 16,000 bell is cracked and won't ring. students; high schools, 4,100 What about a new one?" he means of cooperation for the students, and Al Azhar Univer- asked. Quite determined to members of all the Christian sity, 2,600 students. strike while the iron was hot, a communities. It has regularly little later he preferred another -World Survey. request. "What about a docheld services where all the Chris- tor?" He seemed to' think that tian churches, with the exception A New Opening one could produce a church bell of the Roman Catholic, have and a medical man at will. worshiped together. Three years New work has been opened up in Kibondo, an isolated place -C. M. S. Outlook. ago the united service was cele- about 150 miles from Kigoma. brated in the Armenian Church The people are primitive, but Quick Results in Nigeria in Cairo, in 1934, in the Greek ready to listen to the Gospel. Orthodox Cathedral and in No- The ruler of the district is a A native evangelist has revember, 1935, in the Coptic Or- woman, very intelligent, and cently started work among the Eggon people in the district thodox Cathedral of St. Mark. No less than eight Archbishops and Bishops were present on this last occasion, and clergy from French, Lutheran, Anglican, friendly towards the mission- around Lafiya, connected with American, Greek and Scottish aries. She and her husband are the Sudan United Mission. One Protestant churches. The Cop- Moslems; but she is a "hearer," of the first results appeared tic Choir opened with a hymn, although her husband at present when a great man among the which together with the thanks- shows no interest in the Chris- fetish worshipers cam e, and giving prayer that followed, de- tian message. One of the work- with his wife asked the evanlivered in Arabic by the Coptic ers writes: gelist to help him to burn his Bishop of Beni Suef, are from "We have many out-schools idols. After this open profession the ancient Coptic Liturgy. All with African teachers in charge, of faith in Christ, the convert joined in the Lord's Prayer, and we are hoping to train asked that his son-in-law, who made unusually impressive by young evangelists each year. lived two days' journey away, the unique appeal of French, Only this week eight young men might be visited and told. As a English, Armenian, G r e e k, have been placed with good result he, too, asked that his Egyptian and German spoken teachers for twelve months' ex- fetishes should be destroyed, simultaneously. The address perience, after having had three while yet a third idolater folwas given by the Wakeel of the months' training. When they lowed suit. In this district a Patriarch on the subject of the have gained this practical ex- number of raw pagans who are reunion of Christendom. perience they will come in for being trained by the Government

as schoolmasters, are attending the spiritual life inth~ . whole enable the Protestant churches the missionary meetings. sec t ion has been. g rea t I y strengthened and· enriched ; to present a united front in their -The Life of Faith. many have been restored and many: others have been encour- governmental and other public Appreciation of Missions aged· to desire to return to the relations, and to unify the treat- Lord. -Congo Mission News. ment of legal matters. In eccle- The Governor General of the siastical and doctrinal matters Belgian Congo has expressed his WESTERN ASIA the different units composing the sincere appreciation of the excel- synod will retain independence. lent work performed by Prot- Christian School Contacts estant missions, and emphasized Social Changes in Iran the importance of their medical Two of the six members of the work done in cooperation with graduating class at Aleppo, Mrs. Cady Allen, Presbyterian the Government. He thanked Syria, Presbyterian High School missionary in Kermanshah. tells missions for the service they are girls. This may not seem how radically social life has were rendering to the colony, worthy of mention, but probably changed in Iran. and commented on the fine no, other high school in Syria Christian character of many of can make the same boast. Also, Men and their wives call and rethe Congo converts. He further two are Moslem boys; both will ceive callers to gether. At first it all assured the Council that no con- be speakers on the commence- seemed delightfully new and interestfessional discrimination would ment program, one in Arabic and ing, out I soon began to realize that be exercised in the choice of can- the other in French. Th~ father the men made most of the conversadidates for the medical schools of one of· them was a prisoner tion, the hostess was always too busy at Leopoldville or elsewhere, and during the recent nationalist serving the guests to sit down and Protestant boys attending these demonstrations in Syria. The really visit with us. Lately I have schools would be able to follow other is a nephew of one of the been to several parties where just their own religious instruction. high officials in the Department ladies were present, and they have all of Education. One of the great- seemed to enjoy the greater freedom The Governor does not con- est. ~periences these two Mos- and informality, for as yet they are sider the Evangelical Church in lemboys have ever had is their not at ease in mixed crowds. I am the; Congo strong enough to being in a class with two very glad for the removal of the veil be– $tand on its own feet. If, for nice Christian girls. cause I have felt quite a change in aIiy reason, the missionaries some of my friends-it seems as were recalled at this time to Moslem Morality League though they feel closer to us, more their own countries, leaving open and ready to take us into their their converts to struggle alone, A Morality Lea g u e, with lives, more ready to share with us native Christians would not long branches in the towns and vil- their problems. When I visited one withstand the backward pull of lages of Palestine, has been of my veiled friends, or walked with paganism. formed by Moslems under the her on the street, however near and name of "Do and Don't," to dear we might be to each other, there Church Discipline in the Congo maintain the purity of public was a difference. But now we visit morals and insure proper be- each other, or walk together on the Perhaps if the church at home havior in public. The league has street – the difference has disapwere as strict in discipline as the asked the Palestine Government peared. Congo .Church there would be to ban immoral theatrical perfew left on the roll. Native pas- formances. Doctors Go to Church tq1".S and elders are even more s~yere in such measures than ·:",Toward a United Front Here is a church with 10% of are the missionaries. its membership in the medical A plan of organization has profession. In Hamadan, Iran, Because of these very strict been agreed upon by the is a Protestant church with 150 rules about Christian life and churches at work in Syria. members, including Iranians behavior there are necessarily Churches affiliated with the who were former Moslems, Asmany backsliders. At Luebo, a British Reformed Presbyterian syrians, Armenians, Americans personal workers' class has been and the American Reformed and Jewish converts. Fifteen of organized, and each week every Presbyteri3n . miss ion s, the the members of this church are worker is given a list of five or Frie.nds' Yearly Meeting, the doctors and three of the four ten people to hunt up, talk with, Damascus Church of the Irish elders are doctors. This is partly pray with and endeavor to bring Presbyterian mission, the Lu- explained by the fact that in the back to the Lord. Responsibility theran churches connected with earlier years of medical mission for a neighbor's spiritual life is the Danish Mission to the Orient work,; before there was a gova new idea in the Congo, but it and the Evangelical Synod, are ernment. medical school, ambiis growing, and young men, represented in this move toward tious. young men were taken into working with pastors and .evan- unity. The chief purpose is to the mission hospital, and trained gelists, have Peen literally comb- as physicians by the medical ing Luebowith the ,result that missionaries. Most of· these young men, through their Chris- tian contacts and training, be- came earnest Christians them- selves, joined the church, and take an active part in the vari- ous departments.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

INDIA tian children, making it possible lems of Christian literature in Oonverts Among the Bhils for rural children to attend India is that of distribution, and school. Opposition has arisen to do this more effectively vari- The Bhils of Central India of- to the use of this grant and the ous experiments have bee n fer special opportunities for Legislative Council has voted to tried; among them is a motor evangelization. Their homogene- suspend all payment under the caravan provided by friends in ity and, comparative isolation present terms of the resolution. England. Throughout 1935 the make less difficult the spread of the Gospel; their concepts seem The fear has been expressed that caravan was touring India. It to have no subtleties that re- it would operate as an induce- started in the Madras Presidenquire explaining away before ment to members of the De- cy in January and during its they can accept the truth in pressed Classes to become Chris- two-and-a-half months there it Christ, and they respond eager- tians in order that their children sold 10,369 Scriptures. It spent ly to the Gospel. Furthermore, might receive a grant. Under April in the Mysore State, with the acceptance of Christ means the present agitated state of af- a circulation of 2,694 portions. no very great change in their fairs in India regarding the con- Then during May, June and general life. Simplicity is the v e r s ion of the Depressed July it was in the area of the order of their being. A change Classes, it is easy to understand Bombay Auxiliary, finishing in of religion is mostly a change that both Hindus and Moham- the Central Provinces. It was of loyalty; there is no social up- medans would oppose such a hampered by monsoon condi- grant. tions both in actual traveling heaval. and in its selling work, but 7,529 It is characteristic of the At present Hindus and Mo- portions were sold. It then hammedans are receiving over spent August and September in Bhils that so many new converts a hundred thousand 'l"Upees a the area of the North India Auxare eager to carry the message year in the United Provinces for iliary, with sales of 9,155 porto other members of their fam- the support of their communal tions. During the last quarter ily scattered over the villages of schools. -Indian Witness. of the year it was in the Punjab. the area. The need for arousing interest no longer exists; but Triplets in India One Ohamar's Witness teaching is required. The arrival of quintuplets The C. M. S. Outlook has an Where the question of a school would not have been welcomed account of a Chamar, who, two building has been raised, the at this Chamar home where a years ago had been led to Christ people themselves have come Bible woman reports that when through a Christian sweeper, triplets came the caste relatives and started a movement among forward with an offer to erect said: "No woman should have his own class. Through this it, and plans are being made to triplets. The mother must be man's testimony, C ham a r s secure a group of promising punished." The babies all died from neighboring villages be- Bhils who will be fitted to give in a few days, yet the punish- cause inquirers. A group of ment was given. The mother about fQrty";men and women elementary education. S u c h was ordered to bathe in the from two, villages expressed teachers will serve a group of sacred Narbudda River in order their desire to become Chris- to help atone for the sin she tians. Later, fierce persecution villages. must have committed in a past from the caste people partially At a conference, arranged by incarnation. The Panchayat stamped out the movement; but (council) of five demanded during the past year it has rethe Mid-India Christian Coun- twenty rupees, which the family vived and has spread from vilcil, it was decided to make an was too poor to pay. Then they lage to village. ' put the mother on a donkey and effort to secure the cooperation made it run to the home of its Many new Christians are of all Missions working among owner, a washerman. The par- learning to pray; the few who ents were informed that the bai can read are not only feeding on Bhils, with a view to coordinating methods of work, pooling experiences, and establishing common centers for training along special lines, wherever this may prove possible.

-National Christian Coun- could be rescued by the payment the Word of God themselves, but cil Review. ' of any amount which the wash- are teaching others; they are erman demanded. That, too, learning to give t,o God's work Rural Education Problem would be difficult. In vain the out of their, ,qeep poverty, to Bible woman tried to make them The Christians of India are stand persecution, and to win, greatly concerned because of the see the Christian ideal. difficulty in providing primary -World Call. others for Christ. None of them has yet been baptized, except education for the rural Chris- Literature Oaravan' the original Chamar. tian community. In the United Provinces the Government set The year 1935 brought a new Lucknow Ashram aside a sum of ten thousand venture in the work of the Brit- The latest development of the rupees (about $3,300) to be ish and Foreign Bible Society work, which Dr. E. Stanley used as scholarships for Chris- in India. One of the great prob- J ones has been doing among ed'-

ucated Indians for 22 years, has asked to be supplied with equip- Ohefoo School for Deaf been the founding of an Ashram ment for home treatment. This at Lucknow, from which medi- gave the missionaries the idea Those who contributed to the cal, educational and social work of establishing clinics in various Chefoo School for the Deaf have of various kinds is carried on. districts. Twenty of these have made it possible to keep in lt grew out of the Ashram which been opened, all under the super- school fourteen children from he had founded in the Himalayas vision of former leper patients, destitute homes, ten 0 the r s where some 200 people live to- treating more than 500 patients. whose relatives cannot pay more gether in Indian fashion. They The only cost involved is that of than five or ten dollars towards include, he said, Europeans and medicines, but no medicine is food, and fifteen who cannot pay Indians, Government officials given any group which fails to more than one-half the cost of and ardent nationalists, funda- report monthly on the number food. Fifteen of the children mentalists and modernists, con- of injections given. Practically come from homes where one or servatives and radicals, high all clinics show increased at- both parents have died. Fiftycaste and low. "Leave behind tendance, in some instances over five deaf children, eleven girls all race and class distinctions, 100%. and forty-four boys between the all ye who enter here," is one of ages of seven and seventeen, the mottoes on the wall. "Chris- One of the most important have made satisfactory progress tianity has many critics," says and encouraging features of the in learning the language neces- Dr. Jones, "but no rivals in the work is the evangelistic oppor- sary to communicate with their work of human redemption." tunity offered by these estab- home people. lished clinic groups. All the pa- Under the supervision of Dr. tients come from non-Christian An hOUl; and a half is spent on E. Stanley Jones and those as- homes, but the majority, upon Saturday mornings in preparing sociated with him in the Ash- leaving, have accepted Christ. for the Bible lessons which they ram, a series of pamphlets and Christian centers have thus been have on Sunday. One little boy tracts on the Christian message established and two churches from a very poor home in the is being prepared for mailing, have been built. country asked for a Bible when month by month, to the leaders leaving for vacation. As he had of the Depressed Classes and the -Siam Outlook. been in school only two years, aboriginal tribes of I n d i a, his ability to read it was quesgroups numbering perhaps 70,- OHINA tioned, but when by the use of 000,000 people. speech, writing and pantomime, Successful Preaching he made it plain that he would Among the first materials not knock his head to idols and printed and mailed are: the Rev. R. W. Porteous, of the he wanted to learn how to pray Gospel of St. Luke, with helpful C. I. M. Bible Training Institute to the true God in Heaven, he comments and the story of Ditt, at Nanchang, reports that a new was given a copy of the Gospels, a humble Chuhra convert, who Gospel Hall has been opened and and his delight was unbounded. refused to be segregated in the a chapel seating 200. The Gosmission compound, and led, un- pel message has been delivered -Chefoo School Report. der God, a mighty movement of there to attentive crowds almost his former caste fellows into the every night for four months and OhTist Speaks Through the Christian Church. hundreds have indicated their East desire to accept Christ as their -Christian Advocate. Saviour. This provides oppor- An American woman who has tunity for students to do per- lived fifteen years in China, Leper Olinics in Siam sonal work. Two student bands Miss Helen W. Dutton, testifies were assigned to evangelize two to the contributions which that Various estimates of the num- neighboring markets and as a country has made to her life; ber of lepers in Siam have been result several families destroyed best of all, she says, her discovmade from time to time, but their idols. ery of the Christ of the East, none of these is accurate. Fear the Jesus who bade men go the of discovery, leading to ostra- Mr. Porteous writes: second mile; who bade men forcism, persecution, and much give their brother unto seventy suffering, causes large numbers God has been doing a great work times seven; who told men to to go into hiding or to cover all among the wounded soldiers in the love God and their neighbor as signs of their affliction as long military hospitals in the city. Many themselves, who told the rich as possible. However, an esti- have responded to the Gospel appeal, man to sell all his goods and feed mate of 20,000 is approximately though quite a number who, we be- the poor if he would gain the correct. lieve, were saved, did not have an Kin g do m of Heaven'; who opportunity to De baptized before sou g h t the lost sheep and The number of patients being they were called to rejoin their regi- brought it to the fold again; who treated at present in leprosy ments, be discharged. or return to bade men lose their lives for hospitals in Siam is less than their homes; we had, however, the others that they might save 1,000, or only 5% of the esti- joy of seeing 114 baptized in the them – this Jesus the East unmated leper population. For C. 1. M. Church. These have all left derstands and will accept. "The the past three or four years for other provinces or different parts most of the patients on leaving of Kiangsi, and some to their homes, but each with aNew Testament or Bible in his kit.

-The Christian.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Oriental is truly a literalist," Christian training to the chil- Chinese democracy, which is so real as to be unconscious, all meet together says Miss Dutton. "He expects dren and youth of China. Their not only for service but enjoy meetto see in an individual who calls pupils represent 950,000 Protes- ing afterwards, and do so with great himself Christian those qualities tant Christian families. savoir taire. The group is often which Jesus called 'blessed.' Let Sir Frederick Leith-Ross, in joined by lamas, some of whom come him exemplify those traits in his his report on financial conditions from very distant lamaseries in Tibet.

daily living-he will have no in China, fully corroborates the Students' Problems substitute. . . . I see more of report of the American Econom- the gentle, patient Jesus in these ic Mission that "a vast change Prof. D. L. Phelps was recent- Eastern friends of mine. I am is coming over China, a modern- ly asked to address a mid-week glad for my years in China, ization that as compared with assembly at West China Union where I have come to under- ten or even five years ago marks University, Chengtu. He asked stand bet t e r the Oriental many centuries." This opinion the students to send in questions -Advance. is confirmed by those familiar about religion in advance, and Christ."

Child Slavery Today with conditions in widely sepa- in the hour allotted, attempted rated provinces; beyond ques- to answer them. So many ques- It is thirteen years since Mr. tion, China's youth is in the fore- tions were handed in that Prof. Winston Churchill told the front of the struggle for prog- Phelps was given the following House of Commons that he in- ress. week's assembly hour.

tended to abolish child slavery The determined attack upon Dr. H. Bruce Collier of the in the British possession of the opium scourge is part of this faculty analyzed these questions Hongkong within one year-and effort for national salvation. and found that they could be distill the evil continues. A spe- Mr. Hoo, the Chinese delegate vided into five groups: funda- at Geneva, stated last May that mental questions of God, prayer, cial commission has now been nearly 1,000 drug addicts, and meaning of religion, 29 per cent; sent out from England to look drug traffickers were shot in doctrines, miracles and superinto the whole problem. It is China last year. The life of the stitions, 23 per cent; personal doubtful whether there is any- Chinese nation, he added, de- relations to religion, and personthing within the realm of slave pended upon victory in this fight systems so revolting as child again opium. -World Survey. al benefits, 20 per cent; necesslavery-the sale of thousands sity of religion, and uniqueness of little girls say of five years of "Central Asia Trio" of Christianity, 14 per cent; poage, at half-a-crown apiece- litical problems, 14 per cent.

bought for "appreciation" – The British Weekly publishes The largest percentage related bought for sale again at eight to to the nature of God and prayer. ten years of age, for drudgery- a letter from Miss Mildred Ca- Typical questions were: ble, written July 1 from Kansu or worse, without the glimmer province, where she and her col- "Why do you believe in God 1" of an understanding of what leagues, the Misses Francesca "What is the real meaning of awaits them. The cruelties im- and Evangeline French, have prayer?" "Can religion really posed upon them are of such na- arrived after their journey ture that pUblication of them through the Gobi desert. She discover the 'way out' that is the would be prohibited in the Brit- goal of all life?" There were ish press. writes: several very searching ques- tions: A wealthy Chinese gentleman, We have left the "great and terrible "Jesus said that 'whosoever desert" behind us for the fifth time. shall smite thee on the right who has decided to devote his As Christ's ambassadors we have been life and means to the abolition able to tell the Good News in every cheek, turn to him the other alof this gigantic evil, declares oasis on the main trade route. We so.' Now Japan has occupied by that there are more than 4,000,- have had a most touching welcome force our three eastern prov- 000 pitiable little slaves within everywhere. The people last saw us inces ; should we not take the China proper; probably there hurrying away from the "Thunder- five northern provinces and give bolt" and his troops, and many saw are about 10,000 in British me on that same journey with my them to Japan, too?" And "The head bandaged, after the bad kick Powers of Europe and America Hongkong and Malaya. It is which a donkey belonging to a Moslem the job of this new commission gave me. The fact that we have re- are nations that worship God. turned after all this has made many Why, then, are they guilty of to discover their numbers and whereabouts, and to propose to realize. the urgency of our commission. acts of aggression toward the Weare now once again in Tunh- weaker nations?" the government means for put- wang, the City of Sands, and have ting down the unholy traffic go- been able to revisit the beautiful Lake The experiment revealed the ing on between Chinese in China of the Crescent Moon and the Cave of type of religious problem wmch and Chinese inhabitants in Brit- the Thousand Buddhas. occupies the student thought.

ish territories. Every afternoon we hold a service -United Church Record. -The Chronicle. in the large room of our rented house Difficult Mongolia -we call it the Blue Palace. You Changes Show Progress would be interested in the crowd which Seventy-nine missionary soci- gathers there. It always includes a Work among Mongols was strange variety of listeners, from beg- started about a century ago, and gar maids to the wives of the prineties are engaged in giving cipal military officials. Thanks to taken up afresh by James Gil-

mour in 1885. A little over a prohibition was continued for blow to the propagation of civic year ago the new capital of In- another five years, which came idealism; but many older, exner Mongolia was opened at to an end on March 31, 1936. perienced missionaries hold that Pailingmiao formerly a caravan During that period it is esti- "preaching, teaching and philancenter, but nothing more. Mis- mated that the village has saved thropy" sum up the missionary's sionary work had never been 173,000 yen, although most other whole duty, and they disapprove carried on there, but Prince Teh villages have "gone into the all activities capable of arousing Wang granted permission on red." Of this sum, 45,000 yen political suspicions. this occasion. The opposition was spent on the new school, from the lamas caused the lib- 50,000 yen on new homes, 74,000 -New York Times. erty previously granted to be re- yen was invested in cooperative stricted, but good s e r vic e s associations, and 4,000 yen in Rural Newspaper Evangelism among the Mongols, and much the postal savings bank. In adinterest in the Gospel are re- dition, the mayor proudly re- Dr. Daniel C. Buchanan of ported. For several months a ports that the children of the vil- Kyoto finds a wide field for rural Bible Class was carried on lage are better fed and clothed, new spa per evangelism. He among government secretaries, that the children's death rate as writes: and medical treatment has been well as the general death rate given. Today, Pailingmiao is has decreased, that the number The personal interview is the methdeveloping rapidly and boasts a of persons seeking medical at- od par excellence in our work of newstemple, with more than 1,000 tention has decreased 40ro, that paper evangelism in rural districts. lamas. lawsuits, illegitimacy, crime, If a member lives in another part of gambling, police court cases and the Empire, too far away for us to JAPAN election offenses have been done call on him when the time seems away with. propitious, we send his name and ad- "Year of the Monkey" dress to the nearest missionary or -Japan Christian Quarterly. Japanese pastor with the request that Once every twelve years comes he call on the inquirer and try to get the "Year of the Monkey," when American Missionary him linked up with some church. young people ask "whom shall I Excluded Those members who live in our field copy this year?" with a some- we try to call on as often as possible. what sincere belief that thus The refusal of the police to We also encourage them to come to they may improve. The seventy- readmit into Japan Rev. Dr. J. our office whenever they visit the city, five children in the Morning Spencer Kennard, American Thus we have found that the best Star Kindergarten at Yamagu- Baptist missionary, is in the na- way to win a man for Christ is to chi do not wait for the twelfth ture of a bombshell. It is have heart to heart talks with him, year. When they "play kinder- thought there may be a blacklist pray frequently with and for him, garten" there is the piano teach- of other American missionaries and love him into the Kingdom. er, the teacher who leads the cir- suspected of anti-war or labor cle hour and the one who con- sympathies. These missionaries Newspaper evangelism is es- 'ducts the prayer period. The do not expect to be deported, but tablishing groups which willlatlittle mimics do not forget to be fear their next furlough may er develop into churches. The gentle and smiling; the three terminate their careers in J a- work is carried on through ad- 'real teachers looking on are pan. They are social workers of vertising in newspapers and struck by the skill in mimicry, Kagawa's type, but the police mag a z i n e s, correspondence, smiling as they see themselves draw a distinction between a na- monthly magazines sent free of so perfectly portrayed with all tive, like Dr. Kagawa, and for- charge to all members of the their little mannerisms. It is eigners who come on what many church and for three months to not to be wondered at when they Japanese consider the superflu- all inquirers who have not joined say to one another. "Well, if ous mission of bringing Japan a the church, by tract distribution, they copy even us as closely as new religion. and through a loan library, as that, we'll have to see to it that well as through the use of sterewe lead them to copy in all seri- There is no fear that any mis- opticon and moving pictures, ousness the One who is Best." sionaries will run personal risk and personal interviews. or find their freedom of preach- A Model Village ing interferred with, but in the Christian Literature future they will have to' avoid . .A notable experiment in tem- quasi-political activities, such as A group of far sighted misperance was made by the village the propagation of peace or in- sionaries and Japanese Christian of Kawaidani. In 1925, the ternational idealism of the type leaders began in January, 1935, mayor proposed that the village represented by the Fellowship of as one of the activities of the "go dry" for a period of five Reconciliation and kindred or- Christian Literature Society, a years in order to rebuild the vil- ganizations. They may preach Central Christian Library to lage school, which had been de- their faith and teach English, house a collection of Christian stroyed in a fire. So successful but nothing more. A number of books, especially those published was the plan that the term of younger missionaries regard the in Japan since the beginning of police action as a shattering Protestant work. About 4,000 columes have been purchased or received as gifts to date and cat- alogued, the expenses being met largely by Japanese Christians.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Some of the books assembled are voted to intensive. teaching of safe now," but really because of records of martyrdoms, others what the Christian life means. their deep-rooted pagan fear tell of methods of expressing the that if they move away, the spir- Gospel. A reading room well – Watchman-Examiner. supplied with reference books in its of the 73 who were killed will English for the use of clergy, ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC pursue and punish them. Bible students and evangelists; commentaries, dictionaries, etc., Samoan Schools Due to the perseVerance of and a loan library by mail for the Rev. Clifford Nobes, the prodistant workers is part of the For nearly a century the peo- vincial government has taken a ultimate plan. ple of Samoa have been able to hand and by the latest report read and write their own lan- has given the people thirty days Another timely piece of work guage, through the untiring ef- to move away, promising help in Christian literature is the ag- forts of their own Samoan vilgressive program of the five- lage pastors, who have acted al- in moving expenses and in getyear-old Brotherhood of St. An- so as village schoolmasters. In ting new land. The situation is drew in Japan. More than 22,- addition to ordinary school sub- really perilous for there are big 000 copies of the Forward Move- jects the boys are given practiment booklets, adapted and cal training in agriculture, car- new cracks in the mountainside, translated from the American pentry, music and craft work. waiting for a typhoon to start series, have been printed and It is the secret desire, however, more slides. distributed throughout the 271 of nearly every schoolboy to beparishes and missions of the come some day an ordained pas- Protestant Strength in Episcopal Church. tor. Philippines -The Living Church. There are two schools for The National Christian Coun- girls; the one at Papauta ac- cil of the Philippines gives the Result of Teacher's Testimony commodates 150, who enter only on recommendation of village following numerical strength of Mr. Sakata, Principal of the pastors. The school itself is a Protestantism in the Islands: Mary L. Colby School for Girls village where all food supplies in Yokohama, arranged a series are grown on the hillside planta- United Evangelical Church 42,910. of evangelistic meetings with tions and the girls take their (including all members in 82,910. Mr. Kimura. Thirty-five years part in caring for the gardens. regions w her e Presbybefore, Mr. Sakata, a young sol- All practical training can be car- terian, Congregational and 18,0.0.0. dier about to be called into serv- ried out by the girls in their own United Brethren mission- 15,0.0.0., ice, was converted by Mr. Ki- homes when they leave school, 10.,0.0.0. mura and made up his mind that after four or five years' resi- aries are serving) …… . 8,0.0.0. instead of spending his life kill- dence. Methodist Episcopal …… . ing people he would spend it 2,50.0. showing them how to live. Al- Atauloma school has the three- Iglesia Evangelica Metodista most immediately he was called fold aim of helping the students, en las Islas Filipinas …. 250. to Manchuria and was there for finding ways for them to help the ten years. When he came back school and of keeping in touch Iglesia Evangelica de Cristo he trained himself to become a after they leave. Graduates Christian teacher. work to give financial aid. By Baptist ..•……….•….. bazaars or direct giving from Mr. Kimura told of going to their funds they have raised Disciples of Christ ……. . see the young man off when he enough to give four Aladdin was about to leave for Man- lamps for the main hall, £14 to- Association of Baptists for churia. He clasped his hand, ward other improvements. Evangelism in the Orient never expecting to see him again, but God had work for him -L. M. S. Chronicle. Philippine-Borneo Faith Misand brought him back. sion …………..•….. Typhoon Damage The effect of this story was Total …………….. 179,570. direct and fruitful. Almost the With the return of typhoon whole school stood to indicate season in the Philippines, it will "God Hath Spoken" that they too wanted to follow be recalled that last year a great Christ. Mr. Sakata had them landslide buried 73 people in the In a letter received recently go to their class rooms and town of Balogang, near Sagada. from a worker in the Philippine there, if they so desired, they At the time and ever since then Islands, the following story is were to write out their decision, the missionaries at Sagada have told: signing their names. When they been trying to get the remaining were counted there were 307. people of the town to move to a "Soon after our arrival here Committees set to work imme- new site, but the old men, domi- we came across a young man diately and the result is that nating the situation, have re- who had no other book except there is one period a week de- fused, ostensibly because "it is the booklet 'God Hath Spoken.' In all his conversations with his friends he always tried to find God's guidance in this little book, so much so that his friends gave him the nickname An Dios Nag- yakan. Needless to say he soon became an Evangelical Chris- tian, and the proud possessor of aNew Testament." This booklet is issued by the Scripture.Gift Mission in many languages.

-Life of Faith.

MISCELLANEOUS pointing out that the Bible is not those in Japan, Canada, Aus- Faith Missions· merely a Protestant book, as so tralia, South Africa and other often alleged. The remarkable countries. A large proportion A recently published pamphlet thing is that her work is com- of the South African police are summarizes the service of pop- mended by the Cardinal Arch- members of the Association, and ularly called Faith Missions. bishop of Paris. The movement about 1,000 joined last year, The Interdenominational For- had its origin in Italy, where a while more than that number of eign Mission Association of Waldensian pastor describes it New Testaments were circulated North America was formed in as a real Reformation within the among the men, besides thou- 1917 by a group of foreign mis- Catholic Church. Roman Cath- sands of tracts and leaflets. In sionary societies that were not olic writers have also been draw- Japan the work has gradually denominationally related, but ing attention to archreological been becoming more difficult, which held identical doctrinal discovery and its bearing upon chiefly because the police are convictions and adhered to sim- the truth of the Bible. under the military authorities. -The Christian. Each week Captain Gerrard ilar missionary principles and visits the Tokyo Police Training practices. Prayer fellowship, Jews of the World School, where he distributes conferences concerning mission- tracts and Testaments among ary policy, and united appeal for Jews throughout the world to- 200 men. When the men leave world evangelization are aims day number 16,291,000 as com- they are often drafted to remote of the organization. pared with an estimated 4,200,- country villages, and may be the 000 in 1850, according to a sum- only possessors of God's .Word Listed in the order of their in the place. inception, the sixteen societies mary of the work of the noted Jewish statistician, Dr. Erwin There is also a work for wives that are now members of the Rawicz, appearing in the C.-V. of policemen.-The Christian. Association are: The Woman's Zeitung, of Berlin. The rapid Union Missionary Society of America, the China Inland Mis- increase coincides with the A Century's Achievements sion, the India Christian Mis- emancipation of the Jews in sion, the South African General most European countries and the The American Baptist For- Mission, the Central American growth of industrialization, it is eign Mission Society sums up Mission, the Sudan Interior declared, following a heavy de- its achievements of the past cen- Mission, the Ceylon and India crease in the Jewish population tury in a comparison of figures General Mission, the Africa In- in the previous twenty or which include the work of both land Mission, the Bible House of twenty-five centuries. Since the General and the Women's Los Angeles, the Inland South 1800 the general population of Societies: America Missionary Union, the Europe rose from just below Number of missionaries 1836 1935 Bolivian Indian· Mission, the 190 millions to some 500 millions on the foreign fields. 46 590 today. The summary shows Number of organized 3,226 North East India General Mis- 352,413 sion, the Evangelical Union of that there were about three Jews churches ……….. 9 South America, the American per thousand in 1800, about Members of churches abroad …………. 888 European Fellowship, the Ori- seven in 1900, and about eight Number of schools of all 4,372 in 1935. grades ….•…….. 11 noco River Mission and the 10,529 The Jewish population of Number of native work- 32 Latin America Evangelization Great Britain, according to the Campaign. ers ………..•..•. Number of hospitals .. , '" The pamphlet contains a list survey, is 340,000. The Jewish NumiJer of dispensaries … 55 of the officiary of each Mission, population of Germany is given Patients treated …… '" 344,560 and a brief statement concern- as 400,000, compared with an The number of baptisms by ing each society's origin, aim estimated 550,000 at the time of decades indicates the steady and ministry. Copies of the Hitler's advent to power. Jews growth on the mission fields: pamphlet may be secured with- in Palestine numbered 395,000 in 1935-1844 ………•……. 6,653 out cost from the headquarters 1855-1864 …•………•… 12,617 1935. By continents, there were 1875-1884 …………….. 42.,762 of the various mission agencies 1895-1904 …………….. 68,375 listed, or from the Secretary of 9,736,000 Jew in Europe, includ- 1915-1924 …………….. 125,743 the Association, George H. Dow- ing Turkey in Asia and Russia; 1925-1934 …………….. 187,536 knott, 113 Fulton Street, New 560,000 in Africa; 936,000 in York, N. Y. Asia; 5,031,000 in North and Many churches have developed -The King's Business. South America; and 27,000 in their own leadership; among Australia and New Zealand. these are the Chekiang Shang- Bible Reading for Catholics hai Baptist Convention, East A "back-to-the-Bible" tend- -The Jewish Chronicle. Japan Baptist Convention, the Convention of Philippine Bap- International Christian Police ency is noted among Catholics. Founded 53 years ago the In- tist Churches, Inc., the All- A noted archreologist's wife- a ternational Christian Police As- Burma Baptist Convention and Roman Catholic-has published sociation is now world-wide in the Bengal-Orissa B apt i s t some booklets, commending the its activities, and binds the Yearly Meeting. -Watchman-Examiner. reading of the Word of God, and Christian police in England with Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Indian Thought and Its Development. its world- and life-negation in If we must look for another, By Albert Schweitzer. Translated its later development. The book by Mrs. Charles E. B. Russell. pp. is thought-provoking, and is what about the thought of Jesus 272. Price, $2.50. Henry Holt and Company. New York. 1936. packed with accurate informa- Christ? Paul's philosophy was tion regarding the philosophy Dr. Schweitzer has distin- and history of Indian thought. based on it and is still valid and guished himself as philosopher, musician, and doctor in the equa- We believe, however, that the potent. S. M. ZWEMER. torial primeval forests of Africa. author does not place due em- He tells us that Indian thought phasis on the debt of Western Levucka Days. By C. W. Whonsbon attracted him from his youth, es- thought to Christianity. The er- Aston. pp. 95, Paper, 40 cents. pecially through the writings of ror of Hinduism and Buddhism Society for Promoting Christian Schopenhauer and his conviction is not world- and life-negation Knowledge. London. that Indian ethics were con- only, but the denial of worldcerned with the behavior of man and life-reality. In Jesus Christ This small book recounts the in relation to all living beings we have both the affirmation and experiences of a clergyman of and not mer~ly to his fellow negation. His disciples are not the Church of England who man. to be taken out of the world, but spent three years in the Fiji to be kept from the evil that is Islands. The Bishop of Polyne- He speaks of in the world. The Son of Man sia writes a commendatory in- came eating and drinking. The troduction. The narrative illus- "the difficulty of describing defi- world and life in the New Testa- trates the various interests and nite lines i)f development in a ment are not maya, illusion, but problems which face a missionphilosophy which possesses in so re- a great reality. We are not to ary in a field which includes numarkable a degree the will and the leave the world, but to overcome merous islands separated by ability not to perceive contrasts as the world. Weare not to sup- broad ocean spaces in which such, and allows ideas of heteroge- press life, but to seek its fullest navigation is rendered dangerneous character to subsist side by side development. The things that ous by currents and coral reefs. and even brings them into connection are seen are real, but they are with each other. But I believe that also temporal. The things that A. J. BROWN. we, the people of the West, shall only are not seen are real and eternal. rightly comprehend what Indian There is only one reference to Korean Young Folks. By Frederick thought really is and what is its sig- Paul's philosophy and ethics, and S. Miller. pP. 189. $2.00. Fleming nificance for the thought of all man- the author always uses the word H. Revell. New York. 1936. kind, if we succeed in gaining an in- Jesus, not Christ, when referring sight into its processes." to our Lord. These glimpses of life in Ko- rea are not dry descriptions but Beginning with a comparison At the close of the preface the are a series of interesting of Western and Indian thought, sketches of real young people. Dr. Schweitzer sketches the rise reader is told that neither in With such quaint names as of world- and life-negation in Western nor in Indian thought White Dragon, Great Mountain, the Vedas, the teaching of the Seven Stars, Jewel and the like, Upanishads, the rise of Jainism, do we find the ideal or the final- these young folks figure largely Buddhism and its later develop- ity. in the stories of country and vilment outside of India. There are lage life. The reader learns also chapters on present-day "For there must indeed arise a about rice farming and fuel cut- Hinduism, the Bhagavad Gita, philosophy profounder and more liv- ting, paper-making and house and modern Indian thought. ing than our own and endowed with building, how candy and puffed greater spiritual and ethical force. In rice are made and how kites are The basic distinction between this terrible period through which flown; about weddings and fu- Western thought and that of In- mankind is passing, from the East nerals and ancestor worship. dia is that the former makes th~ and from the West we must all keep affirmation of the world and life, a lookout for the coming of this more We read about Seven Stars while the latter makes its nega- perfect and more powerful form of who butted the goat; about Pigtion. This negation, he holds, is thought which will conquer the hearts gie who rolled off the bridge in void of ethical value, and there- of individuals and compel whole peo- his sleep; about Skylark the donfore Hinduism itself, and more ples to acknowledge its sway. It is for this that we must strive." key who could bray noiselessly especially Buddhism, modified and helped distribute tracts by holding them in his lips; about Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the RllvIllW publishers on receipt of price.

[619 ] Kim the gambler and how he ficial relationships brought him ger. It is a true picture of that knew he was a Christian; the into contact. ARTHUR J. BROWN. heroic type of work which has narrow escape of Pak who wouldn't hit back, and a score of Christian Giving. By Clarence Ed- been done in Brazil for more than ward Macartney, D.D. 15 cents. other stories of humor and Zondervan Publishing House, Grand half a century. The author, Wilpathos, rascality and heroism Rapids. 1936. liam Anglin, himself a legiti- mate descendant in the long line and victorious Christian living. Children and adults alike will This is a sermori-;nd – the of missionary pioneers, has writ- ten these simple stories of conread with profit and pleasure preacher being Dr. Macartney- version to give a fresh sense of how a missionary works, how the saving grace of our Lord and Gospels and tracts are distrib- it is in approved sermonic style, the wonderful power of His Gosuted, how Christ changes lives, pel. It will inform, and inspire how Christians testify to non- Scriptural, clear, cogent. It is the reader and stimulate a great- Christians and how and why the er missionary passion. Gospel spreads in a foreign well that it has been published, land. J. E. MORELAND. so as to reach a wider audience. Those who have been enter- Ethiopia. By John H. Shaw, Consul tained and instructed by reading Giving is, of course, only a seg- General of Ethiopia. HOur Korean Friends," by the same author, a veteran mission- ment of the circle of Christian This paper-covered booklet on ary in Korea, will need no urg- Ethiopia, comprising ninety-five ing to secure his new book. Stewardship which Jesus pre- pages, is, as the author states ir his Introduction, an attempt "to WALTER C. ERDMAN. sented whole in his teaching, but portray an honest, truthful pic- ture of this comparatively un- Across the Years. By Charles Sted- giving is the trait Hlikest God known Christian empire, with a man Macfarland. An Autobiog- short outline of the historic raphy. pp. 367. $2.75. The Mac- within the Soul," and it deserves background, the natural re- millan Company. New York. 1936. sources, the people, the govern- to be stressed in "at least a ser- ment, and some of the undercur- Dr. Macfarland was for sev- rents that have led to the preseral years secretary of the Fed- mon every year," as Dr~ Mac- ent difficulties." The aim is too eral Council of the Churches of broad to be carried out success- Christ in America, a post to artney plans, making this the fully in so short a volume and which he was called from a Con- the book as a result is very gregational pastorate in 1911, first of the series. D. McC. sketchy. when forty-five years of age. The Federal Council was then a new A Story of Child Life in Old Peking. The author is very open in his venture, small, weak and with By Margaret Rossiter White. pp. pro-Ethiopian sympathies and no dependable revenue. It was 91. $1.0Q, cloth. Fleming H. Revell makes many statements highly strenuously opposed by some de- Ci. New York. 1936. commending the Emperor Haile nominations and by many min- Selassie The First. Had it been Every child who likes a good story will find this one of the best. In picturing the home life of a well-to-do Chinese family the author gives the pattern of Chinese culture and civilization in a way that the grown-up, as well as the child, will find inter- esting; and the result cannot but develop a bond of under- standing between the races.

H.B. F.

isters and I a y men in the Stories From Brazil. By William possible for the author to place churches which gave it scanty Anglin. With eleven illustrations. this book on the market before support. But its secretary 96 pages. $1. Pickering and Inglis. proved to be a born promoter, London, Glasgow, Edinburgh. the cataclysmic downfall of the: Ethiopian Empire the book and was strongly reenforced by In Brazil there are two dis- would have filled a greater need the growing demand for unity tinct types of missionary work. than at present. Events moved and cooperation in Christian The first is carried on in the so rapidly that even this booklet, work. By his energy and execu- great centers of population and published in 1936, is out of date. tive ability Dr. Macfarland de- at certain points along the At- The predictions made, such as veloped the Council into a large lantic coast where civilization "this nation of warriors would and influential organization. and customs are only slightly fight to the bitter end. The After twenty years, he retired dissimilar to those of North Ethiopian Empire can only be in 1931 as Secretary Emeritus. America. The second is being subdued by killing every man Now, at the age of seventy, he carried on, for the most part, and woman in it" ,have proven reviews his life's work, describ- among the more backward sec- false and the author is no doubt ing his early career and varied tions of the population. as keenly disappointed in the personal experiences, and the These "Stories from Brazil" unexpected collapse of the mocontroversies in which he and relate distinctly to the second rale of the Ethiopian army and the Federal Council were often type. They bear the authentic the flight of Emperor, and as involved. Of special interest is stamp of pioneer missionary ex- disillusioned in the outcome of his account of the various inter- perience, including travel after the struggle and the altruism of denominational and internation- the most primitive fashion and protector nations, as is the al movements of recent decades preaching the Gospel to under- writer of this review, who has and the eminent men in America privileged people, despite 'Perse- himself spent five years in and Europe with whom his of- cution and ever imminent dan- Ethiopia. STUART BERGSMA, M.D.

Booles Popular Commentary on the Interna- An Unusual New

tional Sunday School Lessons. As I Saw Africa. Eva Alice Springer. 1937. 90 cents. 224 pp. Revell. MY BELOVED ARMENIA 243 pp. }>owell & White. Cincin- New York. By MARIE S. BANKER nati, Ohio. . The King's Palace. Pen Pictures A thrilling testimony of her jrirlhood days Almanacs-Daily Light, 13hd.; Our from Ephesians. H. E. Anderson. in the caves of Armenia hiding from the Home, 1d.; Bible Almanac, 2d. 125 pp. 18. Pickering & Inglis. Turks, the suffering of her people in the Pickering & Inglis. London. London. deserts, her remarkable escapes from death, her perilous trip to Smyrna at the time of China Year Book. Edited by H. G. With Christ Into Tomorrow. Hunter the World War, the loyalty of her parents Woodhead. 510 pp. North China B. Blakely. 1GO pp. GO cents. Pres- to Christ, and the persecutions whIch the Daily News and Herald Co., Uni- byterian Committee of Publication. Armenians endured even unto death. Cusversity of Chicago Press, Chicago. Richmond, Va. toms of the Turks described and their hatred of Armenians revealed. Remarkable an- Christians in Other Lands. Compiled China Calling. Frank Houghton. 200 swers to prayer recordet!. How Got! supby Dorothy M. Horne. lB. 6d. pp. $1.00 cloth; 50 cents paper. plied her needs folt!. S. P. G. in F. P. London. China Inland Mission. Philadelphia and Toronto. Intensely Interestln,. and unusually Informing. True to life but reads Calendars-Daily Meditation~ lB. 6d.; The China Inland Mission. like fiction. Stimulatinl to faitb and Golden Grain, lB. 3d.; Golaen Text, By Love Compelled. The Call of the Christian fortitude. lB. 3d.; Daily Manna, lB.; Grace & Trust, lB.; Young Folks Calendar, China Inland Mission. Marshall Beautifully bound in blue cloth ,gold letter- lB.; Pickering & Inglis. London. Broomhall. 12G pp. 85 cents. China i1B, tinted edges; attractive two-color jacket; Inland Mission. Toronto and Phila- illustrated; photo of author; 208 pages; The Church and the Churches. Karl delphia. $1.25. Barth. 92 pp. 75 cents. Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., Grand Rapids, Obituary Not.. YOU WILL APPRECIATE THIS Mich. OUTSTANDING BOOK!

THE BIBLE INSTITUTE COLPORTAGE ASS'N 848 N. Wells St. Chicago, Ill. David and Jonathan. Lucy Laing. (C01UJluded from sd cO'IJer.) 9G pp. lB. Pickering & Inglis. and director of Indian missions. He Dr. William S. Bovard, Secretary London. was the author of "Mormonism, the of the Methodist Board of Education from 1924-1932, and since then the Golden Grain Almanac. Small-type • • • Islam of America" and other books. head of the Board's promotion work edition, 2d. and Gd.; large-type Bishop Wilbur Patterson Thir- until his retirement last June, died at edition, ~d. and lB. Pickering & kield, retired, of the Methodist Epis- Sierra Madre, California, on Septem- Inglis. LI. ~don. copal Church, leader in Negro educa· ber 16. tion in the United States, died on ••• Golden Grah'. Diary. Vest-pocket November 9th, after several months' edition. lB. to G8. Gd.; Standard Hon. Hampei Nagao and Rev. M. Edition, lB. t<. GB. Gd. Pickering & • • illness at 82 years of age. Inglis. Londoh. Akazawa, two Japanese Christian • High Lights in the Near East. leaders, died recently. The former Reminiscences of nearly 40 years' Col. George Wingate, the founder used his political influence to further service. Abdul-Fady (A. T. Up- of the Central Asian Mission, and a the temperanee cause; and the latter son) • 128 pp. 28. 6d. Marshall, highly honored Christian and promot- was Bishop of the Methodist Church. Morgan & Scott. London. er of Christian work, died recently in England at the age of 84. He was Mexico Today. Col. Irving Speed a member of the board of the Regions Wallace. 364 pp. $2.00. Meador Beyond Missionary Union. Pub. Co. Boston. JUST OFF THE PRESS! My Robber-Captain. C. G. Kilpper. 166 pp. $1.00. Wm. B. Eerdmans The Presbyterian .!,mn~ Pub. Co. Grand Rapids.

New Testament Principles and Mod- A weekly religious newspaper in of tbt ern Missions. By a Missionary its lo6th year of continuous pub- Secretary. Gd. 22 pp. World Do- (!Cbri~tian minion Press. London.

New Testament Commentary. Edited lication under the same name. 1Lift by Herbert C. Allerman. United Lutheran Pub. House. Philadel- It is conservative and evangel- ell BOOK of worship in song, com- phia,l'a. ical, gets its news by telegraph bining a hymnal for general and keeps abreast of the times. church use, and a song book for evan- Portuguese East Africa-A Study of gelistic purposes. Owy songs sound Its Religious Needs. Eduardo Mor- It goes into every state of the in the faith and inspirational-in char- eira. 104 pp. 28. Gd. World Do- Union, the District of Columbia, acter included•••emphasizing Evangel- minion Press. London. and U. S. possessions. ism, Missions, and the Deeper Life. Many of the new._.the best of the old. Reftections of a Pioneer. W. R. S. It goes to Asia and Africa, South Miller. 58. 22G pp. C. M. S. Lon- America, Canada and New Zealand don.

The Silent Oak. Armine Gabriel. 298 pp. $2.50. RevelL New York.

What Maurice Found. Laura A. and into twelve countries of Eu- Barter-Snow. 189 pp. lB. Gd. rope. Pickering & Inglis. London. 504 Songs Responsive Readings Why Quit Our Own. Geo. N. Peek, Subscription Price, • • .' $2.50 Samuel Crowther. D. Van Nos- Ministerial Rate, • • • $2.00 Topical Index Gold Embossed trand Co., New York. Published in round notes and Roxite cloth Christmas in Other Lands. Compiled 50e. extra..·Canadian postage by Dorothy M. Horne. Illus. 63 $1.00 extra•••foreign postage edition only at $65.00 per lOQ….·an especially pp. lB. Gd. S. P. G. in F. P. Lon- low price. Single copy, SSe. postpaid. don. THE PRESBYTERIAN Write todal/ fOT .etumable sample cop, 11'11 Through the Eye to the Heart. 1217 Market: St:reet, Philadelphia, Pa. j Edited br Hy Pickerin~. 28. 1G4 CHRISTIAN PUBUCATIONS. pp. PIckering & Ingbs. London. INCORPORATED Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa.

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The Missionary Review of the World — October 1933

OCTOBER,1933

What Can We Expect of Youth?

s. Franklin Mack Shall the Tent–Makers Preach?

Paul W. Harrison How the Revival Came to Persia William M. Miller Presenting Christ to the Foreign Born Edward Catlos Revealing Christ to Students in Asia v. W. Dyer When Missionary Incomes Decrease A Symposium

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The Finality of Jesus Christ A Commentary Critical and By Robert E. Speer Explanatory on the Whole Bible A remarkable presentation of the rea- By Jamieson, Fausset and Brown sons for b~lief in the final authority of Long recognized as the standard evangelical Jesus Chnst. The author has spent work on the entire Bible. "J. F. !1 B:s Com- forty years in t~e s~udy of the subject mentary" provides within the compass of a and declares unflinchmgly for the abso- single volume a continuous stream of clear. lute suprema~y of Jesus ~s the Son of critical. and explanatory comments on every God all:d Saviour of mankmd. . verse of the whole Biblical text. 1347 pages.

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REVIEW OF THE WORLD Money for Foreign Missionaries DELAVAN PIERSON, Editor FOREIGN MISSIONARIES every- where have confidence in our Mis- VOL. LVI OCT., 1933 No. 10 sionary Bureau as the most economical source for personal supplies and mis- publ1cation and Business Office sion equipment of high quality. Tbird and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. SECRETARIES and Purchasing Agents Editorial and Executive Office of Foreign Missions find that our 156 Fiftb Avenue, New York City free catalog and special discount list Entered as second-class matter at enables them to save money for their Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under stations. Act of March 3, 1879. MISSION Boards can economize by 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year selecting hardware, paints and other Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. building materials from our catalog, for publisued monthly-All rights re- shipment abroad. served. Copyrighted 1933 by the If you haven't a Montgomery Ward MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- catalog, write TODAY for a free copy. LHmING CO., INC. MONTGOMERY WARD & CO. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Export Department Chicago, U. S. A. "Empress" Luxury – with – Econ- ROBERT E. SPEER, President omy ••• The"Empress" fleetcomprise& WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President them out for the REVIEW or tell us the largest, fastest ships on the Pacific. WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer from whom we can obtain them? Go Tourist for most comfortable low- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary priced travel. Go First Class for luxmy SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT *** that rivals anything on the Seven Seas. MRS. OllRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHABD How much you would miss if YOu Choice of Two Fast Routes ••• ERIC M. NORTH could not read! Books offer educa- Direct Express Route ••• Empress of MILTON T. STAUFFER tion, amusement, inspiration, friend- Asia and Empress of Russia … Yoko- A. L. WARNSHUIS ship. They offer a substitute for col- hama in 10 days flat! Via Honolulu • •• SAMUEL M. ZWEMER lege, travel, conferences, personal con- Empress of Japan (largest, fastest liner tacts. Read our special book offer in on the Pacific) and Empress of Canada Editorial Chat this issue. If you will act on it, you .•• Honolulu in 5 days and Yokohama can obtain good books free. You will in just 8 days more! Opportunity's "back hair" is still also help the Cause of Christ and pro- mote the influence of the REVIEW. GO EMPRESS ••• to Honolulu, missing. Everyone within reach should Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, attend the United Missionary Meet- Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila ings to be held this autumn in Ameri- Sailings from Vancouver and Victoria. ca. Such inspiring speakers as Dr. Fast, convenient trains direct to ship- side at Vancouver. Ifyou sail from Los E. Stanley Jones, of India, Dr. Her- Angeles and San Francisco, you can con- nect with "Empresses" at Honolulu. man C. E. Liu, of Shanghai, Dr. Wu, Orient fares include passage from Seat- tle. Reduced round-trip fares. Informaof Nanking and Dr. Charles R. Wat- tion from any Canadian Pacific agent: New York, Chicago, San Francisco, osfotn~n.of Cairo, do not come our way Montreal, Vancouver, and 30 other There will be large audiences. cities in United States and Canada.

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*** 7'wo liomes of 1Vorking~Clas8 Families If there is some topic which you HOW CHINESE FAMILIES would particularly like to have pre- LIVE IN PEIPING sented in the REVIEW, or some author whose views and experiences you By Sidney D. Gamble would like to share, just drop a line to the Editor. ReRearch Secretary, National Council, Young Men's Ohris- Nan Associations; AutllOr, UPeking: A Social. Surveil" *** Mr. Gamble and his Chinese associates If you know of any special and well persuaded 283 families with incomes attested answers to prayer that may ranging from $8 to $550 silver per month stimulate the faith of others, or any to keep itemized accounts of incomes and notable stories of conversion or effec- expenditures during an entire year. The tive Christian service, will you write result is an illuminating record of the city's household economics, of special in- Letters of terest to economists, sociologists, and social workers. Nettie Fowler McCormick, ~:I~t~Y1;oruthh!a'v;e:og~ivf3e~nitlo!;h;ia~tJo:rira~D~If!:a;.r~e~liaabb:l~ef~Aa~r~dh~:l:tPiWo~kH~b!y~~w;hti~c~b::toJ wife of Cyrus Hall McCormick, inventor of the reaper, are desired by her children. of the ChifUlJ6 Departnunt oj thB Library 0/ COt&gr6841.

For this purpose the Nettie Fowler Meeor.. With 31 Illustrations from the Author's Own Photomick Biographical Association requests that oraphl and 21 Diaoram.. $8.00; 011 Mail, $8.14. persons having any of h~t writings kindly send them to the addr••• below. The family All Booksellers, or from the Publishers of Nettie Fowler McCormick will be grateful for co…operation and glad to make appro.. FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY priate payments for such papers. Address 354-360 Fourth Avena., New York City Nettie Fowler McCormick Biographical Association, 664 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago [473 ]

Copyright-(J'h;icago AeriaJ Survey

THE PRE'SENT-AN AIRPLANE VIEW OF THE CENTURY OF PROGRESS EXPOSITION Service, N. Y. A CENTURY AGO-A REPLICA OF FORT DEARBORN AS IT WAS.

CHICAGO OF THE PAST AND THE PRESENT ORLD VOLUME LVI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER TEN OCTOBER, 1933 Topies of the Times THE QUESTION OF LOYALTY Those who propose to form the new independ- Love separates as well as unites. The love of ent board plan to select their own missionaries, the world separates from God and love to God and to receive and transmit money for the support separates from the world. Love-which is not a of workers and work acceptable to them. Like selfish fancy but a sacrificial devotion-is insepa- most church splits this course seems unwise and rable from loyalty. For this reason love of the unnecessary. truth sometimes divides those who have differing views of what is truth. Human conceptions of It is true that accusations have come from the truth and loyalty cause wars, divide families, split mission fields and from members of the Church at home that some missionaries have departed churches. from the faith of the Church that supports them or are not living and teaching in full harmony Many divisions have come in mission work be- with New Testament standards. It is unforcause followers of Christ could not agree on defi- tunately true that some missionaries have proved nitions, conceptions, methods. Such disagree- unworthy representatives but such criticisms are ments began in the Apostolic Church and they not confined to denominational missionaries, they have continued to the present. In recent years also apply to some representatives of independent disaffected Baptists and Anglicans in England missions. The first question to be settled is as to have established new missionary societies because the truth of the accusations. If any mission of theological controversies. In Canada the Pres- workers, at home or abroad, are proved disloyal byterians have divided; in America an independ- to Christ and His standards, as revealed in the ent Baptist mission has been formed and ~t~er New Testament, or out of harmony with the misdenominational groups have threatened to dIvIde sionary purpose of the Church, their connection because of similar disagreements. Every church with the work shouId cease. This course has been has in it members who find it difficult to think and followed in some cases. We believe, however, that work in harmony. no body of Christian workers, as a rule, are more Recently a group of conservative Christians, loyal and worthy of support than are the miswith strong convictions, have announced their sionaries on the field. It is always difficult to purpose to form, not a new ecclesiastical body, ~)Ut overtake a rumor or to disprove a suspicion. a new mission board within the PresbyterIan Loyalty is founded on confidence in persons, and Church, U. S. A. This course is taken because of on devotion to Christ, rather than on agreement disagreement with the present Mission Board as with other Christians in all points of policy and to the type of missionaries to be sent to the field, emphasis. the form of work to be conducted and the doc- What are the definite principles which may trines to be emphasized. The present Board is, guide Christians in the home church in their suphowever, the authorized missionary agency of the port of mission work? Presbyterian Church and has been overwhelm- 1. Loyalty to Jesus Christ and His message, as revealed ingly endorsed by the General Assem~ly, the in the Scriptures, must .be supreme~ There may be dif- highest ecclesiastical tribunal. The doctrmes ac- ferenceS of gifts, interpretations, operations, ministries, cepted by the Board are those of the Presbyteri.an among His followers, but loyalty to Christ should pro- mote unity rather than divisions. Church. The ability, Christian character, faIth 2. Any church has a right to expect loyalty from its and unselfish devotion of the secretaries is unquestioried~ members. This includes moral and financial support for the work committed to its mission boards. If any mem- [475 ]

ber, out of loyalty to Christ, cannot conscientiously sup- of sympathy and cooperation thrown across naport the church and its work, the consistent step is to with- tional boundaries that we were told that war of draw, rather than to split the body or to disaffect other any size and duration had become impossible. members. Then came the Great War and these international bonds broke like gossamer threads. Alone the for- 3. We believe that the vast body of workers, especially eign missionary movement maintained its intermissionaries, are in harmony with the purposes and principles of the churches they represent. Personal contribu- tions may be designated so that they go to work and work- national ideals, continuing its organization in ers with which the givers are in full sympathy. quiescent form where it could not function ac- tively, never abandoning the ideal, and renewing 4. The Church of God and the work of God is larger these bonds in ever strengthened form at the close than anyone denominational group or any particular field. of the war in the organization of the International While a member's first obligation is to his own church, Missionary Council. it is his privilege to support other work also. "Tithes" may go to the board work and "free will offerings" to any independent enterprises that are promoting the cause of At present we are witnessing the lowest ebb of Christ. Their number, wide distribution and effectiveness the international spirit in political and economic are a cause for rejoicing-not of jealousy. circles. Edward A. Filene, a leading Boston mer- chant, returning recently from Europe, is reported 5. Every church and organization needs critics who are as declaring: "All European countries are headed loyal, intelligent and courageous in pointing out errors and improvements. They need not resign or create trouble and arouse suspicion because of disagreements, but they for a regime of autocracy – that is, of economic may so exalt Christ and His standards as to promote unity isolation and intense nationalism, and America and effectiveness in reaching His ideals. Life is con- can do no better than to do likewise. . . . .. This tagious. Prayer brings power. The Holy Spirit produces is no time to hope for internationalism in trade. results. . ….. I believe in intelligent selfishness," he added. In similar vein, Dr. Joseph Collins, author 6. If an established board of long experience is ineffective, what is the convincing evidence that a new board will be more wise, more conscientious, more self-sacrificing, and lecturer, returning a week later from Europe, more successful, more used of God? declared: "Today there is no such thing as the vaunted internationalism of the political idealists. 7. The true appraisal of missionary service must be …… What each nation thrusts down the throats from the evidence that God is working and has set His of her people is that 'this is your country and the seal of approval on the men and the methods. If He is best country in the world, so be ready to fight and using workers can we refuse to cooperate? die for it' . . . . .. The idea of loving your fellow man honestly means that you would love to Knowledge, honesty, loyalty, cooperation, self- strangle him if he gets in your way. It is the true sacrifice are prime requisites in any work for survival of the fittest." Christ. One benefit of the present financial difficulties of the boards, together with the criticisms Without venturing to pass judgment on the wisdirected against the work, may be to purge the dom or unwisdom of specific economic or political Church and the missionary force, to clarify the purpose and strengthen the evangelistic program. proposals which have been advanced in interna- An expression of confidence in leaders adds to tional circles, it is impossible to avoid the feeling their responsibility to prove worthy of leadership. that the ideal itself of internationalism and world brotherhood has undergone a serious setback MISSIONS AND INTERNATIONALISM from which it may take years to recover. That the prevailing atmosphere is unfavorable to for- It may be truthfully claimed that the foreign eign missions also goes without saying. But the missionary movement has been, throughout the really important question lies quite in another past hundred years, one of the vital factors in the direction. It is whether the foreign missionary development of a world view and in proclaiming enterprise will respond to the challenge of the the unity of the human race. Internationalism present situation and stand forth as an apostle in political and other circles is of much more re- of world brotherhood in Christ, preaching the cent birth, emerged much more slowly and has Gospel of a world-wide love and service, refusing often carried with it such a spirit of selfishness to yield to selfishness even though advocated by and such attitudes of distrust and suspicion, that nationalism. No corrective to the present spirit of it cannot be regarded as of a piece of the Chris- international ill-will would be so profound and eftian missionary movement to which it owed its fective as a forward movement in foreign mischief impulse. This spirit of internationalism had sions. Here is one field at least in which interna- made considerable progress before the Great War, tional proposals are not dangerous or doubtful.

when international organizations of every sort In the face of so-called international disillusion- came into being, representing scientists, musi- ment, let the Church move forward and outward cians, bankers, artists, literary men, labor groups in the service of Christ.

and peace advocates. So many were the strands CHARLES R. WATSON.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

TESTING TIMES IN CUBA We must pray for normal times to come to Cuba soon. This is called the "second independencia," and it really is, The Evangelical Church in Cuba is being put to with the advantage that the Cuban people have learned the most severe test of its young life as the Re- a great lesson. There is much ground for the belief that public struggles to solve its political, industrial a new and better Cuba has been born. and economic problems. With scarcely thirty years' experience, and its organization almost en- The question for the moment and the one that aptirely in the hands of Cuban youth, it is inspiring parently has no answer is: How long will the day to learn of the tact, loyalty and courage with which of quiet and confidence be delayed? the work has been sustained in the midst of such trying circumstances. The Church is small nu- It has been twelve years since Cuban sugar remerically but it represents a fair cross section of turned any profit to the producers. The Island the community, and political leaders of every faith has depended upon this product for its very life. meet in the activities of church work. "We all Each succeeding year has added to the distress and need Christ and His Gospel," writes a young economic need. The Church is more perplexed Cuban pastor. There has fortunately not been the with the poverty and suffering of the population least tendency on the part of any political group surrounding it than it is with the problems of to attack religiori and it is the firm belief of church State, and yet it realizes that these questions are and educational leaders that the present upheaval closely interwoven. As long as the Government will bring with it sympathetic attention to the is unsettled, business falters and the poverty and message of hope, love, and peace that the Church dissatisfaction of the populace make difficult a has taught and preached. settled condition in the capital.

The Council of the Presbytery of Cuba, follow- The Heraldo Cristiano in Havana, in an ediing the establishment of the De Cespedes govern- torial printed a week before the fall of the Mament, prepared a statement of principles that rep- chado government, said: resents the attitude of all church members of that denomination and requested that other churches We should like to hear someone say that the proposed in the Island also subscribe to it. Among other changes in the government will feed the hungry, furnish recommendations it declares in favor of a posi- protection for the homeless, provide instruction for our tive recognition of the sovereign power of God, children, work for our unemployed and raise moral standthe brotherhood of man, equal rights for rich and ards. If this were a part of the new program we would poor, complete separation of Church and State. have great hopes for the future. Our Christian popula- They declare their belief that the only solution to tion, while it awaits a better day, must build for itself, the problems of Cuba, and the problems of the and if these problems must be discussed let us beg of world is found in Christ and His Word; that the those who discuss them that they put salt in their plans. faithful application of the Golden Rule will bring Yes, salt, "the salt of the earth." This is fundamental about a speedy solution. The paper closes with -even though men may not believe it. this very significant paragraph: E. A. ODELL. We believe that the problems of our country are not so much economic, or even social, as they are spiritual. RELIGION AT THE CHICAGO What man needs is a change of heart that can only be EXPOSITION brought about through an intimate knowledge of God and a sincere faith in Christ. This and this only will make The Century of Progress Exposition has our country a truly free nation. brought together a motley crowd from many lands. Between 100,000 and 500,000 have visited There can be no doubt that the present youth the grounds daily. In addition to the noteworthy movement of Cuba will eventually react favorably exhibits showing progress in science and art, on the program of the Church. Many of the very many with selfish purposes, or worse, have underfinest young people of the land have studied at the taken to exploit the visitors by offering trash for feet of Christ during the past three decades since sale, by the use of gambling devices, by tempting the last revolution. Many in the student group, to moral evil for profit or by the promotion of unwho have protested against political and industrial worthy causes. Some exhibits show degeneration abuses, have learned their democracy in the Sun- rather than progress. The "Midway" has offered day schools and day schools of the Evangelical vulgar dances and immoral exhibitions such as Church. They have also learned loyalty. During those in the "Streets of 1?aris," which represent the past three years these Christian students have not the best but the worst side of life. A number remained silent, but they cannot be fooled and of these exhibitions have been closed or modified eventually their ideals for Cuba will find expres- after protests. Investigators report that outside sion. A young Cuban woman writes of the situa- of the Fair grounds evil resorts have thrived on tion: weak and low-minded visitors. The Rev. Philip Yarrow of the Illinois Vigilance Association writes of the closing of more than twenty of these degrading shows and resorts. Anti-Christian and anti-religious literature has also been distributed free or offered for sale.

Among the religious, but non-Christian influ- ing development. During the years 1927-29 ences, are the beautiful Golden Temple, filled with mission enterprises were handicapped due to anti- idols, to represent Buddhism; a Moslem shrine; foreign feeling, inter-province warfare, the shift- a Malay temple and other exhibits picture certain ing of government and the writing of new phases of the ethnic religions. These are also governmental codes, particularly in the field of promoted by addresses given under the auspices education. During the last two years missionary of the "World Fellowship of Faiths." The Parlia- progress has advanced more on account of these ment of Religions, at the first World's Fair in and other difficulties than in spite of them.

Chicago in 1893, was a distinct hindrance to The Church of Christ in China is the Chinese Christian progress since it seemed to put anti- outgrowth of mission work by sixteen denomina- Christian religions on a par with Christianity and led non-Christians to believe that Americans tions from six countries. In 1932 this native are not satisfied with Christ. The present series evangelical church had 821 organized churches of addresses by Jews, Moslems, Hindus, J ains, and 1,204 other preaching places; 334 ordained Buddhists, Sikhs, Zoroastrians, Taoists, Con- native pastors, 1,088 evangelistic workers and fucianists and Shinto leaders can scarcely fail to 120,676 members. The Holy Catholic Church is have a similar compromising influence. Mormons another strong national body, sponsored more and Christian Scientists have special buildings to particularly by the Anglicans. represent their faiths, and the Jews have put on a great Christless historical pageant-"The Ro- Into the southwestern province of Yunnan and mance of a People"-with 3,500 actors and sing- into Manchuria, the Chinese Home Missionary Soers. There is also a reproduction of the Temple ciety, composed of 100 auxiliaries, sends Chinese of Solomon to show the glory that was Israel's. mIssIonaries. For this work, in 1932, ninety- eight per cent of all money came direct from the Among the constructive Christian influences at Chinese. work are such institutions as the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., the International House, Hull House There is a decided trend toward unification and other settlements; the Hall of Religion, among foreign mission groups. The Christian visited by a thousand people an hour, has many Educational Association is composed of eleven fine exhibits of churches, missions, Sunday provincial education organizations, with educators schools, and the work of various religious so- from many denominations. The Christian Pubcieties. Its bas-relief of Christ, saying "Come lishers Association represents twenty separate Unto Me," and many other features are deeply publishing houses. Six of the largest missionary impressive. The Chalice of Antioch is a large societies working in China have united to form silver cup, beautifully wrolght, said to have been the Associated Mission Treasurers in order to proused by Christians of the first or second century mote economy in financial transactions. Twentyin celebrating the Lord's Supper. An exquisite four of the leading missionary organizations and carving of "The Last Supper" is made in mother their affiliates, both American and European, to- gether with representatives of the Chinese of pearl. Church, are united in the National Christian Definitely Christian activities are carried on by Council, whose purpose is to promote the growth of the Chinese Church. Other cooperating groups the Salvation Army, the Volunteers of America, are doing valuable work. The North China Inthe Moody Church, the Great Commission Prayer dustrial Service Union conducts a school where League, the Chicago Tract Society, the Gospel leaders are trained in spinning and weaving and Tents, and the Noonday Evangelistic Committee. has opened eight separate village industrial The Hymn Festival, conducted by Prof. H. Augus- centers. tine Smith, was an inspirational feature. The daily meetings of the Moody Church have drawn It is difficult to visualize this missionary cause many thousands of visitors who have heard the and effort numerically. But here are facts. There Gospel from such men as Gipsy Smith and Harry is one Christian Chinese to every 1,000 population. Ironsides. The Christian forces of America have, Of the outstanding leaders, to date, one is a Chrishowever, failed to unite in an aggressive Gospel tian to every six non-Christians. As we appraise campaign, to take advantage of the opportunity the missionary enterprise and its achievement in to present Christ to the millions of people drawn China, it is too easy to do it from a strictly Occito Chicago by this Century of Progress Ex- dental standard, making little allowance, if any, position. for the centuries' old customs and a placid, if not THE MISSIONARY TREND IN CHINA passive, temperament. This great missionary ef- fort expended by the Christian people of various The progress of Christian missions in China, nations is bearing fruit in transformed lives, im- says Dr. A. L. Warnshuis, secretary of the Inter- proved living and in the industrial pursuits of the national Missionary Council, is a most encourag- nation.

Can We Expect of Youth?

_.•4J{ By S. FRANKLIN MACK, New York I Young People's Secretary, Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, U. S. A.

MARGARET SLATTERY took as the sub- in moral and spiritual leadership…… We have little ject of an address recently delivered at to hope for from our laymen…… Their loftiest spir- Columbus the words of Chanticleer de- itual level is a cautious morality whose achievement is manding the right to be king of the feathered respectability; and their highest intellectual attainment is some outmoded conceit. In the debacle of their civilizaflock. "The rest of you sing when the sun is high tion they have shown neither imagination nor courage. . . . . . .but I demand the right to lead because I They have lost their heads; they are afraid and cowardly. greet the sun while it is yet dark; while it is yet It is the institutions they have erected which need a mctraF. dark I call the sun for I know that nothing can stop its aris- house-cleaning; all of them, with- out exception….. .

ing." What is the cause of the The shifting to the shoulders; "While it is yet dark," she present chaotic conditions in of youth of an increasing share said, "I have seen YOUTH greet- the world? Many say that of what has long been the re- ing the sun; while we…… the Church has failed. Others sponsibility of adults, and the wait for the dawn!" say that Christians h a v e fact that youth takes the reins My heart quickened as I failed to give youth true with confidence and assurance, heard those words. "While it leadership and to prepare does not mean necessarily that is yet dark," I too have seen them for taking their part in the "new deal" will be better youth "greeting the sun." the fight for truth and justice than the old. "We can hardly The voice of youth is being and clean living. Acknowl- do worse than you have done"

heard in the land, insistent, afeudntgduirnpegr?efsWaeinlhutar-etwsdhoaoetsf artebhboeeulltpiotahusest offers scant comfort to those often defiant, accusing, chal- who, however great may have lenging. It can no longer be youth of today de man d ? been their shortcomings, have silenced, and perhaps it is just What are they preparing to run the course and know the as well; it may do some of us do about it? pitfalls. They have a right to good to be listeners for a Read Mr. Mack's stimu- expect something better. So change. Many thoughtful mem- lating article and see how his they ask of twentieth century bers of the younger generation views fit in with your experi- youth, "What may we expect of feel strongly that those who are ence and convictions. you?"

older have forfeited the right Let us turn the tables for a to lead. In the words of one of moment and ask ourselves by them: "How dare your generation ask anything what we are to judge the adequacy of youth's lead- of us? Whatever we do we can hardly do worse ership. Of what, that their fathers had, will theY than you have done. . . . .. Look at the world you need a double portion; and what, if anything, have made!" will they need that their fathers did not have?

The fairness of such an accusation is conceded They will surely need wisdom, insight and vision, by an increasing number of adults, themselves in lest the future prove unworthy and the past to positions of leadership. Dr. George Lang has this have been in vain. They will need humility, love to say in his Moderator's message to the Synod of and courage-fundamental qualities of the heart.

Alahama (quoted in the World Tomorrow) : They will need, will they not, a high degree of de- In the midst of a society, shot through with racketeer- termination and of commitment to the task. But ing, and its "front" of hypocrisy and skepticism in poli- those of us who call ourselves "Christians" believe tics, business and industry, we have remained silent with that they will need supremely something else, and the silence of unfeeling moral indifference, with silences of doubt, and have no outraged consciences because we that in this they must excel their fathers, who had have stubbornly refused to have our consciences exposed all of these things in greater or lesser degree: to the evils which abound about us…… To look back on they must have an understanding of God's purour witness in this decadent society is to see ourselves in sorry cowardice, ineffective, and without real influence. It pose for the world which relates all that Jesus is not to be wondered at that we stand today discredited Christ was, did and said to every last situation [479 ]

and relationship of every day, here and now. They ground a picture with hope and promise in it, must have unshakable faith in a God who is faith- whose highlights are tinged with the colors of the ful even when we are faithless, and who alone can do what no one of us can ever do: actually change dawn. the hearts and lives of men, and thus bring in the If the Church of today, as they know it, awakens Kingdom. no enthusiasm in its youth, their response to the A survey of the human element in the present mission of the Church, interpreted as the intro- duction of Jesus Christ and his Gospel into all the world situation calls to mind Dr. Albert Schweit- areas, experiences and relationships of life, is zer's words: "To the question whether I am a pes- quite the opposite. In a day when much of the simist or an optimist, I answer that my knowledge world had still to be explored and missionary maps is pessimistic, but my willing and hoping are opti- could depict most of North America and a bit of mistic." There is little enough in the world scene Europe as white and all the rest of the continents to justify optimism. Viewed in the large the youth as black, the idea of missions as geographical exof America seem to be less awake, less at grips tension could evoke enthusiasm. But today we with reality, and therefore less of a vital factor know each other around the world too well. Even in the life of the day than are similar groups in the distinction between "national" and "foreign" many of the European and Asiatic countries. missions is losing the aspect of reality. As the Young people tend to be very much like their era of exploration draws to a close we discover, fathers and mothers and to reproduce the en- what we knew to be a fact all along, that distance vironment to which they have become accustomed. from God cannot be measured in miles. The black Certainly the economic and social insecurity of places of earth are those areas of life where Christ the average college student in America (if there is shut out, and their borders are becoming youth's is any such thing as an "average student") is not to be compared with that of the Chinese, to say new frontier. nothing of the Russian student, in his own country. Where security has been taken away from A World Vision some here in America there have been, as always in the face of tremendous odds, those who have It is not by mere chance that the mIssIOnary suffered defeat; but to others has come a new and study books for young people this year make no transforming appreciation of the significance of distinction between home and foreign missions life through the experience of struggle. Our but concentrate instead on the mission of the schools and colleges have long been, for many if Christian Church in all the world today. There not most of their student population, essentially has seldom if ever been more unanimity of con- 11 continuance of youth's playtime, eddies along- viction in the choice of both theme and approach. side the main current of life's stream; they have More significant still is the decision of national been operated on the theory that the preparation youth leaders, representing more than forty defor life must precede and can be divorced from the nominations and youth organizations, that the acliving of life; they have been protective nests tual present interest of youth justifies making from which the overgrown fledglings will not this same theme into a nation-wide, two-year emerge to tryout their wings until nearly a third youth emphasis. The eager enthusiasm with of life is gone. When vital problems and issues which both the theme and the study books have are discussed or debated it is often with heat, but been received in the young people's conferences all in good fun. Nothing hangs on the issue, not attests the wisdom of the choice. As a young man even bread and butter. put it at the close of one of these conferences, "We're going back home this year with more of a This seems to be changing, be it said for the definite idea of what has to be done and that it's sake of fairness. But the raw material for leader- up to us to actually do something about it." It ship now on hand in our communities and in our did one good to see the light in his eyes and to churches, out of school and ready to "take over," hear the ring of sincerity in his voice as he said it. is the product of a system in which there has been too much of mental and spiritual isolation, with a We still have our extensive world, but the old minimum of experience in "taking over." idea that there is one kind of Christianity, a sort of minimum, for the man in the pew, and an- If there is little in the foregoing that is en- other "full-time" variety for the minister or mis- Gouraging, let us remind ourselves that it is the sionary, is gone forever. The old habits will conbackground that we have been painting, and not tinue, and there will always be, no doubt, "good the picture. For when we look again at our world church members" who call themselves "Chrisof today and at its youth we cannot escape the tians" and are Christians in name only. But it fact that there are other aspects of which we have will be neither fashionable nor comfortable. For yet to take account. It is from these other aspects out of the very confusion of men and of nations that there may be drawn against our dark back- is growing the conviction that the only things worth living for are those that are worth dying

WHAT CAN WE EXPECT OF YOUTH?

for. Missionary zeal is no longer the prerogative not most of those who respond, have been pro- of the Church alone. Realistically-minded youth fessing Christians and members of Christian the world over are turning with eagerness and churches, humility and self-examination on the hope to Fascism in its various forms, to Com- part of dissenters would seem to be more in order munism and to Socialism, seeking through these than criticism.

movements to share in the actual building of a Fortunately no group has a monopoly of the ex- new world. It is inevitable that, in their eyes and perience of vital Christian fellowship. With such in the minds of those who are uncertain as to unmistakable evidence of a sense of unmet need which way to move, the Church and the individual on the part of youth it behooves the Church to re- Christian will be rated comparatively in terms of examine its whole youth program. Such a re- zeal and social outreach. Little respect will be examination is being undertaken in the Presby- wasted on individuals, institutions or movements terian Church, U. S. A., by a Youth Spiritual that lack the courage of their convictions. Western Emphasis Committee, which is prayerfully and Christianity is on trial for its very life: reason earnestly seeking to discover, by working through enough why there should be a restudy of the mis- a few representative churches, how the youth pro- sion of the Christian Church in the world of today. gram may be reshaped so as to make inescapable Here and there across the Church, groups of this experience of vital Christian fellowship. The Christian young people have set out to demon- Federal Council's Commission on Evangelism is strate that there is nothing of permanent value seeking through a series of youth meetings to in any of these world movements to which Jesus achieve the same end. Important as is the man- Christ has not already pointed the way and in the ner of approach, it should not be allowed to ob- achievement of which His Church may not lead. scure the fact that here is a trend of youth inter- A state-wide interchurch youth group in Penn- est that is sincere, earnest, and full of great prom- sylvania has been and is at work to provide for ise for the future because it has to do with the the constituent groups in scores of local COmmu- mainspring of life, the heart's devotion.

nities, resource and project materials on the mis- No doubt those about whom we have been writ- sion of the Christian Church in the fields of in- ing are a small minority among the youth of dustry, youth crime, race, agriculture, world America. There is gratifying evidence that among peace, politics, "missions." They have their five- them are to be found the fearless, far-visioned year plan-detailed, realistic, far-seeing. They leaders of tomorrow whom the others will follow.

mean business. So, too, New Jersey youth. In Pitted against them are the almost overwhelming other states many youth groups, large and small, odds of lethargy, institutionalism, compromise are building Christian programs of action that and factionalism in the Church; but they know it, seek to make of every Christian a missionary and with abundant faith and courage undaunted, Christian, beginning in his own community. while it is yet dark, they herald the coming of the The Fellowship Trend sun, for they know that nothing can stop its aris- ing.

Significant and hopeful as is this movement among Christian youth, for the building of a new social order in the name of Christ, there is another THE MEANING OF LIFE trend of the day that i~ even more so. Contrasting sharply with the popular humanism, it reveals (From Miss Quinn'S report of work among Chinese a deep current of desire for close personal fellow- in Korea) ship with Jesus Christ and a working fellowship with other Christians whose zeal for Christ has The Lord I love went home one day, no conscious limitations. The best known and Went home to God. He did not say most widely discussed expression of this desire is How long He would be gone, nor when to be found in the so-called "Oxford Groups" of He would be coming back again. the "First Century Christian Fellowship." It is I only know that He has gone To make a place for me. Some dawn, unfortunate that so much attention has centered Or evening light He'll come for me! on the techniques involved. It is of tremendous Till then there is a task that He significance that literally multitudes of people, Has set for me, His last command,- Christian and non-Christian, old and young, are To preach the Word! 0 heart and hand, responding with eagerness to the offer of a life Be consecrated to His Cause. full of joy and inner peace because lived every Spend strength and purse and store, nor pause hour of every day in conscious fellowship with Until that wondrous prize is wonand full commitment to Jesus Christ. Here is a His tender words-"Belov'd well done!"

great heart-hunger being met and since many, if -The Bible for China,

Christ to the Students of

By V. W. DYER, Rangoon, Burma Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Sodety "ONCE I said I would have my fling but now years before seventeen of them were finally ready I am going to have my fling for the Lord for baptism.

Jesus Christ," was the decision of a Bur- At another mission school the missionary said: mese student from the University of Rangoon "Never in the history of the school has any Bud- soon after our first Gospel Team campaign at dhist boy over twelve years of age taken a stand Bangkok Christian College, Siam. The need of for Christ until the Gospel Team came." Since the students of Asia for Christ and His Gospel, that time scores of older Buddhist boys have been and as well as His influence on them and some won nearly every year. This has been made pos- things they are accomplishing for Him can best sible by the preparation given through faithful be shown by telling something Bible teaching every day in the of the story of the Burma Stu- mission school classes. That dent Gospel Teams. high school has had for several A Vision at Amherst years its own Gospel Team which has won many villagers Twelve years ago at Am- to Christ. The Bassein Pwo herst by the sea, near the grave Karen and Shwegyin Mission of Ann H. Judson, some of us School Gospel Teams of volun- had such a wonderful vision of teers have brought in so many Christ and what He might do additions to the church that with students, if only they mission policy may be proreally walk with Him, that we foundly altered. * could get no peace until we had Thousands of decisions and tried to put into action the vis- baptisms all over Burma have ion we received. In October, resulted from this work car- 1923, at the Baptist Burmese ried on by various missionaries Mission Boys School at Da- and Burmese leaders. These nubyu, lower Burma, eight of SAW CHIT MAUNG additions were only possible us, mostly students from Jud- because of the previous good son College, put on our first A Karen leader of Burmese Student Gospel work and cooperation of many All-Round Program of "Expert Team. A native Karen of high accomplish- faithful missionaries. Between Friendship." After a two days' ments, who gave up an attractive career in 300 and 500 students and teach- the Government service to devote his life to the service of Christ.

retreat for ourselves, a time of prayer and facing ers from seminaries, colleges and schools have up to the Four Absolute Standards of Jesus- year after year participated in the work of the Purity, Honesty, Unselfishness and Love-we won Gospel Teams. Only God knows those who are the students with friendship choruses, group truly converted and are changed from being "di- games, football and concerts at night, closing with vided, wrong, inferior and unhappy into being Negro spirituals and a Christian appeal. unified, right, superior and happy Christians." I am inclined to agree with one of our critics that But winning the boys to ourselves is failure, the chief significance of the Gospel Team work unless we really win them to Christ. Twice a day has been the new and fine leaders developed, espewe gave evangelistic Bible studies on sin and sal- cially the college men and women who are seekvation and, most important of all, we witnessed ing to live consecrated lives and who are committo our actual experience of Christ. With feeble ted to winning men to Christ as the supreme busifaith and great hesitation, I gave the invitation to ness and joy of life. these non-Christian students to accept Christ, thinking that perhaps one Burman boy might re- Dr. E. Stanley Jones wrote, after the campaign spond. Imagine my surprise, and shame because of the Burma Team in nine of the colleges of of my little faith, when at the close of the three- day campaign, fifty took a stand. It was two • The Laymen's Report, pp. 63, 141-143, disapproves of this work.

[482 ] North India in 1930: "I do not know anything out the necessity for a change of heart. It is a that has done us more good in the same length of farce to take the easy-going attitude that it does time than this Gospel Team. One month they not matter much what religion a man has as long were with us and yet they set fires blazing in a as he is sincere, and that we have no right to at- number of places. What was the secret of it?" tempt to persuade men to leave the faith of their More than a year later he wrote during our third fathers. Von Hugel said that the greatest foe of campaign in India: "I am unhesitatingly recom- Christianity today is humanism – a humanism mending this team as exponents of a sane and which leaves out the Lord Jesus Christ.

radiant personal and group evangelism." During a campaign in one of the finest mission Obstacles to Student Evangelism colleges in India, before an eager audience of Hindu and Mohammedan students, one of our Nationalism, race-prejudice, humanism and he- Burmese students gave his testimony as to the donism are among the chief difficulties to be marvelous change which Christ had made in his faced in this student evangelism. "To be a Bur- life and as to the wonderful way in which Christ was continuing to purify and enrich his experi- ence. Those Indian students sat in silence, with wistful faces and hungry hearts, eagerly drank in the message and longing for the reality. Not one of the students cared to speak as they quietly filed out, but one of the missionary professors jauntily remarked: "Where did your student learn to speak such excellent English ?" We were so overcome with the sense of Christ's presence that we had no inclination to think of lesser things. A few months later this same professor BURMA GOSPEL TEAM BUS BOUGHT BY THE YOUNG PEOPLE OF BURMA FOR EVANGELISM man is to be a Buddhist," is the common slogan BURMA GOSPEL TEAM AT YALE MONUMENT, MADRAS, of the country. In Siam a strong feature of their NOVEMBER, 1931 nationalism is loyalty to the state religion. Dr. Stanley Jones says that he does not believe that Tour arranged by Dr. E. Stanley Jones and National Christian India can ever be won to Christ until they get Council of India to prepare vital groups preparatory for the Home Rule. The white man is not loved in the Kingdom of God Movement for India. Team for India Jed by East; so the white missionary works under an V. W. Dyer and Miss G. E. Teele. increasing handicap. When we helped form the first College Gospel Team in Madras, the Indian wrote an article in an important religious journal students said that they wanted a team but did not of India deploring the foreign missionary effort want any missionary on it! In most of the mis- to win men to Christ. He tried to show that all sion colleges and stu.dent groups all over India, we should do .is to teach some of Christ's ideals the dominant desire is for Home Rule rather than of service or to purify Hinduism and Mohamfor Christ's Rule. There is very little effort to medanism. Von Hugel is right (even on the miswin the non-Christians to Christ and a baptism sion field): humanism without Christ is deadly. in a mission college is a rare event. Students of the East are very much like their brothers of the West; they desire a good time and are fast deciding that they want no religion to spoil their fun. Probably love of pleasure is the greatest competitor against evangelical religion. Consequently any evangelism has little chance to succeed unless it can show that Christ's Way of Life is the happiest and best.

The non-Christian religions can never hurt the Christian cause so much as mission forces that become satisfied with a "social gospel" and leave

We are thankful to report that at that same pel Team leaders have continued to lead to greater mission college, after much agony in prayer, to- heights because they have entered into the "joy of gether with considerable personal work, one In- the Lord" here and now and have found that fuldian Christian professor and two nominal Chris- ness of life of Him who went to the cross, not tian students were led into a new and deeper ex- merely for duty's sake, but "for the joy that was perience of Christ so that they testified to victory set before Him." They are thrilled to walk with over the sins which were defeating them. They the Christ of the Burma Road who lived and died were able to form a Gospel Team which grew to for us, saying, on the night before He was cruciinclude fourteen members and had marked suc- fied: "That my joy might be in you." cess in winning converts in the Indian villages. It became the greatest Christian force in the Three Burmese and Karen college men entered college. our Theological Seminary, at Insein, in 1927. They were rather unhappy, non-integrated, puri- The Burman, calleq by the British officials "the tanic and legalists in religion. There was more Irishman of the East," is a happy-go-lucky, pleas- of the Old Testament than the New Testament in ure-loving, volatile and extremely sociable indi- their living. They were of excellent character but vidual. His pride and charm of manners make lacked radiance and power. After several months him feel inferior to none. With it all he is a most of success and failure in Gospel Team work they delightful and lovable person. In fact his love of had an experience of returning with joy like the fun has been the despair of the missionaries for seventy disciples of old. They had something of 120 years of noble and self-sacrificing missionary the experience of Chas. G. Finney who was so effort has resulted in winning only 7,000 Chris- filled with the love of Christ that he called out, tians out of 9 million Burmese. Some mission- "Oh Lord, stay Thy hand; Thy servant is only an aries have almost given up hope of seeing the earthen vessel, he can contain no more." These Burman take life or religion seriously. The ad- students became new men, full of exuberant, conventure of complete surrender to the will of God, tagious power of their Master. They did real the romance of trusting Him utterly, and the joy evangelistic work nearly every week-end and durof Christ made one Burmese college student for- ing all of their summer vacations, without any . sake the Imperial Police Service to become the pay, for four full years of their seminary course. first Burmese Y. M. C. A. secretary. When he They are leaders with initiative and consecration saw that the happiest life is really to be found in enough to create their own constituency. Christ, with Christ, for Christ, he followed with glad abandon, saying: "Now I am going to have Can Others Do Likewise'? my fling for the Lord Jesus Christ!" Is there "a secret" which all can learn so that The Average Church Member they will be enabled to go and do likewise, or far better? The average church member either in Burma or in America is often most wretched because he In an official Baptist missionary publication, experiences neither the pleasures which the devil Streets, is found this statement from a visitor offers, nor the joy of Christ. Specialists in nerv- from America who had been with the Burma Gosous and mental troubles are amazed at the large pel Teams: "If this thing keeps up and spreads, proportion of breakdowns found among church there'll be a Christian age yet!" members. A large contributing cause may be that they feel the repression of church morality This "thing" is the work of the Pentecostal without the joyous freedom of Christ. People Group, the Group Plus, and the Plus is Christ. crave excitement, or at least fr~edom from bore- (Mat. 18: 20.) It is a group controlled by the dom, routine, monotony. The Apostle Paul tells Risen Christ with something of the power of us that the best way to experience this liberation Pentecost together with the solid ethical teachof personality is not to be drunk with wine but to ings of the Sermon on the Mount. Back of this be filled with the Spirit of God. Dr. Earle Pierce, is what Henry Drummond called, "the authority of Minneapolis, said to his young people : "You of law, spiritual, moral, natural law, a structure have just enough religion to make you miserable." reared upon the eternal order of the world, and May not that be the chief trouble with the Church therefore self-evident, self-sustaining and invulboth at home and abroad? nerable." Those who fulfil these moral and spir- itual conditions may experience similar or greater Student evangelism, especially with the Bur- spiritual results. We have on record over 600 mans, must demonstrate that Christ's Way of Life group evangelism experiments of both failure and is actually the most satisfying life. Deep down success which convince us of this challenge: in our hearts, all long for a maximum of pleasure Wherever we fulfil the conditions of Pentecost, and a minimum of pain. This is the residuum of God will give Pentecost. Christ never failed us truth in hedonistic ps!'c}lOlogy. The student Gos· on~e, but we h~ve often f~i1ed Him!

H)33] REVEALING CHRIST TO THE STUDENTS OF ASIA

Our Gospel Teams always emphasize our Three Gospel Team when a crowd of outcaste town "riff- General Principles of Friendship: (1) Friend- raff" tried to break up a testimony meeting with ship with God, (2) Friendship with each other, disorderly conduct. When some Brahmin elders (3) Friendship with all others. Friendship with prevented the utter ruin of the meeting, the God involves at least three things: (1) Complete rowdies were so enraged that they rushed up to surrender to the will of God; a giving up of self- my two athletic companions and spat dirty betel assertion which the East despises so much in us nut juice aJI over their faces and clothes. For a Anglo-Saxons; becoming limp in the hands of the moment I trembled lest my brawny teammates Potter; (2) a faithful observance of the Morn- might give those poor despised outcastes the ing Watch or Quiet Time for prayer and Bible thrashing they so richly deserved. Then I saw study, when we make the necessary spiritual diag- them grit their teeth for self-control and smile! nosis to see ourselves as He sees us and thus But I knew they were thinking of Him upon whom keep on a surrendered basis; (3) Guidance of the His enemies "did spit" and who "when he was re- Holy Spirit which enables us (if we live in ac- viled, reviled not again." Afterwards they told cordance with the Four Absolute Standards of me that they too had learned to pray: "Father, Jesus Christ) to know and follow God's Will for forgive them, for they know not what they do." the day. (See Henry B. Wright's "The Will of God and a Man's Lifework.") There is also the The motto for our South India campaign was principle of restitution, going the second mile, that passage which describes Jesus' Gospel Team: loving our enemies, and other principles of Jesus "With Him the twelve and certain women ….. . that we must take seriously or we will find that preaching and bringing the good news of the we have no spiritual power from God to help Kingdom of God." (Luike 8: 1-3.) It is useless transform men into the image of Christ. Evan- to preach unless, with our very lives, we "bring" gelism succeeds only when it makes men Christ- the Gospel. like. The East is asking, says Prof. Wimam E. Three incidents will illustrate the spirit of Gos- Hocking, What difference does it make here and pel Team leadership. Methods and principles are now, if they accept Christ? "What criterion useless unless they are lived out so that men can have you for the truth of this religion which you see and feel them. God had to be made flesh in profess?" In other words, has Christ solved your order that men might know Him. life's problems so that your life and witness are convincing? Nine Burman college students walked two hundred miles with Dr. Marshall and myself in ten I AM CHRISTIAN YOUTH days from Burma to Siam with the temperature over 110 degrees in the" shade. We lived together, By J. T. MORROW, WICHITA FALLS, TEXAS eating burned rice, sleeping on the ground in the rain; getting on each other's nerves, and under- I am the vitality of the Church today and will going other trials that would have ruined our be its leadership· tomorrow. evangelistic campaign if the presence of Christ and the experience of His love had not enabled us as I have acc~pted Jesus Christ as my Lord and to take seriously our motto: "Invincible Good Will, Brother!" Saviour, and the pattern for my purposeful life. I possess the priceless heritage of Christian One of our finest Karen leaders, a noted football star, had been a church member from child- faith handed down to me by countless hosts of hood. Before Christ was given control of his life, devout believers and enriched by my own perhe was one day very angry at a big British soldier sonal devotion. who spiked him and tore his stocking in an important football match. At the next opportunity I am neither sanctimonious nor pious but am when the referee could not see, the Karen kicked striving to adapt the principles of Jesus to a modthe soldier in the stomach and laid him out. Later ern busy world. the soldier came to the Karen and said threateningly: "How is this?" For reply the Karen I am seeking means of furthering the realm of pointed to his torn stocking and said: "How is Christ in terms of social brotherhood and world that?" Five years later in one of the Gospel Team peace. football matches this Karen received kicks on the shins, as well as unfair criticisms of his character I am searching for Truth through the medium from mercenary relatives or jealous rivals, and he of accurate research. takes them all with a smile and a prayer. I defend my own generation from the pessi- A champion lightweight Burman boxer and a mistic judgments of our older colleagues. leading Karen athlete were with our South India I crave responsibilities and implore the sym- pathetic confidence of my predecessors.

I consecrate my virile body, my developing mind, and my adventurous spirit to the Master of men.

I am Christian Youth!

the Revivals Came in

Looking Backward; Preparing to Commemorate a Century of Protestant Missions in Persia By WILLIAM MeELWIE MILLER, Teheran, Persia Missionary of the Presbyteria1z Church, U. S. A.

T HE first American missionaries went to The first revival came in 1846, about ten years Persia in 1834, to open work among the Nes- after the arrival of the first missionaries in torians. These were Syriac-speaking Chris- Urumia. Earnestly had they prayed for its comtians who inhabited the mountains of Kurdistan ing. In April, 1845, the Rev. David Stoddard and the fertile plain of Urumia. The Nestorian wrote to friends in America, "Will not the friends Church had once spread over Asia from the Tigris of the mission beseech the Father of mercies to River to Peking, but during the grant us a powerful outpouring Middle Ages it lost its former of His Spirit; that here the greatness and glory, and the Persia, once a mighty em- Gospel may triumph over the poor remnant of Syrians whom pire under Cyrus the Great, pride, unbelief and deep dethe missionaries of the Amer- was for thousands of years lusions of the human heart, and ican Board found in Persia given over to Sun worship. Jesus Christ be welcomed as a were sunk in ignorance and Later Christianity flourished Saviour, friend, and partner." superstition. They were Chris- for a time and was bitterly tian in little more than name. persecuted. Th~n: came the Within nine months this The purpose of the mission was Mohammedans u n d e r the prayer was granted. The reto revive and enlighten this an- "Camel Driver of Mecca:' and vival appeared first in the two mission schools under the care cient people that they, in turn, today Persia is a Moslem of David Stoddard and Fidelia might once more become a stronghold. But Protestant Fiske. Like most of the remighty influence in the evan- Christian missions have been vivals which followed, this first gelization of Asia. carried on for over one hun- awakening began in connection dred years. There have been with the Day of Prayer in J an- Accordingly Justin Perkins remarkable awakenings in the uary, as both in Persia and with Ashabel Gant and their past and today there are new America earnest prayer was bewives undertook first of all the signs of spiritual power. ing poured out for the convertask of letting in the light of Read this story, take courage sion of souls. Students became divine truth to dispel the dark- and pray. deeply impressed with a sense ness of error. Very few of the men and only one of the women of their sin and need, and also of this people, who numbered began to pray for salvation.

100,000 souls, could read, nor had their spoken Truth which had long lain inactive in their minds language, the modern Syriac, been reduced to now sprang into life in their hearts and gave writing. Schools were started, the Scriptures promise of a harvest in changed character and were translated into the language of the people, a conduct. With joy the laborers welcomed this press was brought out from America and books spiritual springtime! In March, 1846, Perkins were printed, and soon a mighty reformation be- wrote: gan, which finally resulted in the building up of a The revival of which we wrote you last month still prostrong Protestant Church among these Assyrians gresses with increasing interest and power. We are filled and the partial revival of the old church. with wonder, as well as with joy unspeakable, in view of The story of the mission in Persia is full of this work of mercy and grace. In whatever aspect we conthrilling incidents, none of which are more inter- template it, it deeply impresses us as the Lord's doing…. esting than the remarkable revivals which again We expressed the hope that this revival would spread and again visited the mission schools and churches. among the villages; and such is becoming extensively the It is refreshing today to read of these outpourings fact. There are inquirers in several villages, and in one of the Spirit of God upon the dry soil of Urumia village in particular, Geog Tapa by name, a great work is years ago. in progress. Students from the two seminaries have re- turned to their homes in the villages and kindled the fires there by their testimony and their prayers, and frequently [486 ] parents and friends have come in to the seminaries to visit Geog Tapa a great work was in progress; meet- the students and, seeing what God was doing among the ings were held daily, and persons of the most young people, have been themselves converted. abandoned character were awakened and hope- A month later Perkins wrote that in Geog Tapa fully converted. Numerous crimes, some of which thirty-two people had been converted and many were committed twenty-five years before, were others in that place were seriously inquiring of confessed and restitution made. Nearly the whole the way of salvation. In passing along the streets population was affected in a very remarkable one might hear the voice of prayer in not a few of manner. One of the bishops of the old Nestorian the houses; and in the fields and vineyards in the Church confessed his sins and began to preach vicinity there were to be heard the same impres- with new power. Old people who had never prayed sive sounds. before began to pray in public with freedom and The next month Perkins again wrote of Geog eloquence. In many villages there was weeping Tapa that "a great general reformation has taken and mourning over sin, and a Moslem passing near place" there. Open vice, so common before, was a church where a service was in progress on hear- no longer tolerated in the village. Sixty people ing the lamentation within inquired who had died.

seemed to be truly converted and scores of others Many lives were permanently changed.

were awakened. There was great eagerness to In the following year another revival occurred,.

hear God's word, and sometimes on the same eve- beginning on the same day (January 13th) in ning ten or fifteen meetings were going on in the both the seminaries, though they were six miles; homes of the people. Men whose hear.ts had been apart and there was no communication between touched went out to the fields to speak to the la- them. Again there was weeping and confession borers. Christian hymns were sung by the chil- of sin. One of the chief characteristics of these dren in the streets and the priest of the village, revivals was the earnestness and intensity of the formerly "a passionate, violent and even intem- prayers of the awakened. On February 21, 1850, perate man," became "apparently as meek and Mr. Coan writes from Urumia: quiet as a lamb." From Geog Tapa a large num- These Nestorian Christians fully sustain their character ber of preachers went forth each Sunday to other as praying Christians. Many pass hours together on their knees in prayer; and often, in the stillness of the midnight villages, and thus the revival fires spread. hour, the voice of prayer breaks pleasantly upon the ear; Dearth in America-Harvests in Persia and sometimes their eyes not only "prevent the night The Missionary Herald of that day says of these watches" but the day dawn. On the Sabbath nearly the whole time, before and after services, is passed in their thrilling events: closets. Sometimes it would seem that they preferred pray- Amid a most painful dearth of revivals in our own land, ing, not only to sleeping but to eating also. A few Sabit is truly refreshing to contemplate a powerful work of baths since the pupils of the female seminary returned the Spirit in regions which have been for ages unblessed directly to their closets, after the afternoon service as with such showers of divine grace. Who would have chosen usual. But in this instance they remained there till the tea Geog Tapa as the place in Christendom likely to receive bell rang. They came in reluctantly, one after the other, the outpouring of the Spirit? and took their seats in silence at the table. The blessing was asked, and the steward began to dip out their soup, After three years the mission was blessed with the tears meanwhile streaming down his cheeks, and the a second revival which began in January, 1849, girls sobbing with their heads bowed upon the table. There seemed to be no disposition to eat; and it was not until just as Perkins was finishing his translation of the they were told that they must eat that they might have Bible into modern Syriac, and just before he strength to pray that they ate a little, and then flew to buried his fifth child in a Persian grave. In re- their closets again. porting the new revival he writes: The "closets" referred to were little rooms The members of the seminary who were hopefully con- where they prayed in secret. A number of villages verted three years ago were, for two or three days after were blessed by this same revival. the work commenced in its power, the subject in most cases of the most intense heart searchings, of piercing compunc- Did these revivals produce any vital change in tions for their previous coldness and backslidings, and of the conduct of the pupils? Let Mr. Stoddard, the subdued prostration before God. This was true of very devoted Christians as well as others. . .. The impenitent principal of the male seminary, reply. Writing of the early days of the seminary, he says (Demembers of the seminary were also powerfully wrought upon by the mighty energies of the same Spirit, some of cember, 1851) : them being under very deep conviction of sin, and nearly For a considerable period we had not one pious scholar. The principal native teacher, priest Eeschoo, was very all awakened to a sense of their dreadful depravity and imperfectly enlightened. . .. The noise and confusion and insubordination, the habits of lying and theft, the indiftheir utterly lost condition. It is now about a month since ference to religious truth, which were then almost univerthe commencement of this wonderful display of mercy in sal in the school, were a constant source of anxiety and at our male seminary; and there is as yet little diminution of the interest.

A similar awakening occurred in the female times of discouragement. I had many doubts whether the enterprise would be successful. seminary at the same time. At the present time, however, the school is the reverse This revival also spread to the villages. In of what it then was…. In addition to those who have

gone out into the villages to conduct schools and to preach, they talked and prayed together they agreed on a we have thirty with us, about three-fourths of the whole plan by which they would go out to the principal seminary, who are hopefully pious, and who comfort our villages with some of the native brethren, spend a hearts much by their consistent and prayerful deportment. week or ten days in each village-preaching, sing- No one could be present long at our daily recitations, or ing, praying, conversing with individuals, visiting visit the pupils in their rooms, and see the order, the so- from house to house, after the manner of the briety, the diligence and the thirst for learning which are Moody and Sankey meetings. The next Friday so strikingly manifest, without being deeply interested in was appointed as a day of fasting and prayer, them. especially for the outpouring of the Holy Spirit.

The spirit of prayer manifested by many of these young Some of the meetings lasted for two hours. On men is truly remarkable. It is a time of only ordinary one evening thirty-five people arose and confessed religious interest, and yet a stranger, coming into our their sinfulness and asked for prayer. Later one meetings, and listening to the fervent and unaffected en- hundred more expressed a desire to follow Christ. treaties of these youths would suppose us to be in the Mr. Whipple and his colleagues did not yet know midst of revival. This impression would be still further that 260 churches in America had been praying confirmed, were he to stand, as I often do, near our range for them. of prayer rooms, just as our pupils are about to retire to rest, and hear their mingled voices, as they are pouring On January 23, Dr. Holmes, the physician in out their souls to God in confession, supplication and Urumia, wrote that the work which Mr. Whipple praise. mentioned as in progress had greatly increased and there seemed to be a general revival spirit During the next twenty years the missionaries throughout a large portion of the field. . .. In the report at least ten seasons of revivals similar to city of Urumia the chapel had been crowded day those already described. Lack of space prevents and night for two weeks, and a large number of the telling of inspiring stories of these repeated inquirers had come forward. In the girls' semoutpourings of the Spirit. It is noteworthy that inary nearly all the students appeared to be under more than once the revival began on the very day conviction of sin. In a number of villages also that friends in America united to pray for the the revival was in progress. mission in Urumia. I shall close this article with an account of the revival of 1877 which was a most At the end of the year the mission reported that striking answer to prayer. In November, 1876, this revival had brought new life to the churches D. L. Moody was in Chicago at the Christian Con- and the membership had increased thirty per cent, vention when a prayer alliance was formed by 214 persons having been admitted to the Lord's which 260 churches were pledged to pray for one Supper. another till the longed-for revival came. Mrs. Sarah J. Rhea, a former member of the Persia Next year (1934) the Protestant missions at Mission, was present at this meeting, and in her work in Persia plan to celebrate the one hundredth passionate loyalty to the fifty churches in the anniversary of missionary work in that land. In Urumia field, asked that these might be added to what more fitting manner could the centennial be the list. She at once wn>te letters to Persia to observed than by a united effort on the part of all tell the churches that they were pledged to pray the Christians of Persia to reap the harvest that for a revival. Long before her letters arrived no- has been a century ripening? What greater blesstice what took place in Urumia! ing could the friends of Persia- everywhere desire than that the Lord would pour out His Spirit with- In December, 1876, Mr. Whipple wrote from out measure upon the churches of that land, that Urumia that as the missionaries noted the zeal in these latter days we may again experience a with which members of the political parties in revival mightier than any which Persia has yet America go out and try to win people to their side, seen? "Ask and it shall be given you!" they were impressed by the necessity of their showing more zeal in their spiritual work. As DO FOREIGN MISSIONS PAY?

One of the best answers ever given to this question was that of the converted Brahman, Dr. Narayan Sheshadri, before a large audience in Philadelphia some years ago. He said: "This cultured audience convinces me that missions pay. Long" after India had reached a high state of civilization, your ancestors were barbarous and degraded heathen. It was for- oeign missions in the early days of Christianity that lifted them out of this state and gave them and you, their descendants, the Christian civilization and enlightenment you now enjoy. You owe what you are to foreign missions." Letters from American Church Representatives in India, Japan, Korea and Guatemala THE DANGER OF RETREAT IN INDIA irrational? Or is it reasonable and practical? During the past few months, one of the mis- By THE REV. WILBUR S. DEMING, PH.D., sions in India spent two days in seeking to ap- AHMEDNAGAR, INDIA praise its work and to recommend constructive lines of retrenchment. Where to withdraw? Secreta1"y of the American Marathi Mission, A merican Board Dr. James L. Barton, writing of the work of Needs on all sides press in upon us. Most of our Christian missions, says: work is underfinanced. We sympathize with the verdict of the Allied commander who exclaimed: In spite of their deficiencies and incompetence, the "Our right is giving way; our left is in retreat; Christian missionares have been the greatest modernizing, civilizing and morally construc- we will attack in the centre."

tive force that has gone from the The whole philosophy of West into Asia and Africa. They What would have happened at Christian missions is to go have done more to win the coop- the front in the World War if the forward; it does not funceration of Asiatic and African reinforcements and supplies for tion well in retreat. peoples than any other Western the army had been withheld? agency. They have introduced Unfortunately a retreat, ideas and ideals which are re- Whatever sacrifices are made by due to retrenchment, is now shaping fundamentally the thinking of the leaders and the aspira- the folks at home, the sacrifices on being carried on all along tions of the peoples. They rep- the field of conflict are infinitely the line. Various projects resent, upon the highest level of greater. The same is true in the living and thinking, the best Christian missionary campaign. are being given up and the America has to offer. They are When the Church sends outrepre- situation has become critical. real ambassadors of Good Will. sentatives to be Ambassadors of The younger churches are They have laid the foundations Christ on the frontiers, with not yet in a position to asfor Christian education, have in- promises of adequate support, sume the responsibility for augurated new social orders, have shall we withhold reinforcements many of these Christian produced a new religious and and supplies? The campaign is enterprises. Will this reeducational literature and have won the confidence of the people still in the balance. treat become a wholesale among whom they live. In reply to some thirty letters withtlrawal? Will it become a rout? sent to various missionaries of dif- If ml'ssl'onary work has ferent socI'etl'es and in different Here is a hospital that has otnhea tm.tnf' bl uuetnecse t t h'at t thDern. fields we have received the follow- been doing age n e r 0 u s had amount of charity work be- Bart 0 1, ing illuminating and courageous replies. They show both the evil cause of the pathetic poverty the question of its relation- and the good coming from the ship to the present financial economic crisis, of so many who seek assist- depression becomes a vital ance. Diminishing fun d s issue for the churches in the compel the doctors to cater homeland. If it continues to be, in spite of all more to the wealthy patients in order to secure criticisms, the outstanding philanthropic connec- fees. Thus the free service must be sharply curtion between the East and the West, then all those tailed. interested in a more spiritual and cultural civilization will be anxious about the present trend. Here is a district that has maintained several qualified preachers who have carried the message The greatest danger facing Christian missions of God's redeeming love through Christ to the at present is spiritual rather than material. The non-Christians in that area. Through their perrepeated cutting down of our work during the sonal contacts they have been lifting the villages past few years has brought us face to face with a to a higher type of living, particularly the so- spiritual problem. We are in grave danger of los- called "untouchables." A cable from America ing our morale. Weare struggling against a announces a sharp drop in receipts and this distemptation to adopt a defeatist attitude, not trict enterprise must be shut down, or turned over merely about the future of the Christian faith but to a small group of Christians to be carried on about the future world order. Is the dream of a as a voluntary enterprise. Such a solution starts cooperating and brotherly world an idle one? Is with good motives but often has an ineffective the vision of a world dedicated to Christlike ideals result.

[489 ]

Here is a mIssIOnary family that has heavy They represent the view that political and com- financial obligations for the education of the chil- mercial contacts are not enough. They desire to dren. As a result of cuts in salary, the family share the Christ-life with others. Unless the slowly uses up scanty savings and perhaps falls churches in the homeland become thoroughly alive into debt. In the effort to make ends meet the to the need of maintaining this world-wide enter- missionary must cease to purchase books and prise of Christian missions, no matter how great periodicals. How long can he or she remain a the sacrifice; and unless they put forth their best useful and effective missionary? efforts to accomplish this end, we are in grave Here is a Christian school that has been spread- danger of continuing the retreat until we sur- ing a wholesome influence throughout the com- render values that can never be replaced.

munity. Word comes from home causing the school to close its doors. Some pupils find their WHAT REDUCED INCOME MEANS way into secular schools but many must leave By THE REV. A. A. SCOTT, B.S., INDORE, INDIA school because of the ever-present caste prejudice. But the picture is not all dark. The drop in Principal of Indore Christian College, United Church of Canada material resources has often led to a deepening of the spiritual life. We come to realize more fully Perhaps never since the commencement of the that spiritual resources are paramount. This modern Foreign Missionary Movement have misgrowing spirit of independence from material sions and missionaries been more definitely "up things has had a beneficial and far-reaching ef- against it" than at the present time. In many fect. There has also been an incentive to hasten cases the future of work, which has been carried the process of sharing our responsibilities with on effectively for generations, is trembling in the nationals. Missions have been forced to take this balance. whole problem more seriously and to make it a Missions do not depend upon money alone-or living issue rather than an academic discussion. chiefly. They are the outgrowth of faith and love. The curtailment in financial support has undoubt- Nevertheless, they must make use of money to acedly led to the removing of many non-essentials. complish their ends. When the money fails, as it Needed changes have been brought about and un- has failed in the last two or three years, the probfruitful work has been eliminated. All these lem becomes a wearing one. The writer represents a mission in which withthings are commendable. in the last year or two the total appropriation Can Values Be Replaced? (which was even then considerably below our Yet the question remains, will we, because of estimates) has been reduced by more than 33Ya%.

financial pressure, continue th~ policy of exten- Missionaries' salaries have been cut, first 10%, sive retrenchment? Will the building crumble to then 15%, and now 25%. Indian workers have such a degree that it cannot be repaired, when suffered in a similar way. We ask ourselves, "Is the wheels of industry start turning again? If this the end, or is the worst still to come?"

the present trend continues much longer, such What effect is this going to have upon the questions will require an urgent answer. work? We admit that there are features of the In the meantime the world continues like a box stringency which are not wholly depressing. In of dynamite with sparks flying around. Political so far as the shortage of funds has enabled us to questions are enshrouded in an atmosphere of get rid of unsatisfactory workers, to dispense fear, animosity and suspicion. The nations gaze with outgrown methods and cumbrous machinery, at each other across tariff and armament bar- it may have been a blessing in disguise. It may riers. The economic machine, having broken be a blessing also if it makes it necessary for the down, has yet to find those who can repair it with Indian Church to assume larger responsibility for any degree of confidence. Pessimism seems to carrying out the Master's Commission. The have ·much of the world in its grip. trouble is that the indigenous Church is also suf- Some favorable factors continue to encourage fering from the depression and is in no position us. In addition to various political and economic to assume larger burdens. It is having a hard -efforts to effect world settlement, there are at struggle to keep its own head above water.

work in various strategic spots Christian mission- What then are some of the effects of the cuts?

.aries whose desire is to spread a spirit of Chris- Mission buildings which are valuable and worth tian friendliness. In spite of defective qualifica- preserving are falling into disrepair because there tions, many of them are exerting an influence for is no money to keep them up. Mission equipment interracial and international cooperation. They which has been acquired at considerable cost is are the vanguard of a new day when we shall have being wasted because there are no funds to main- a brotherhood of nations united in a common plan tain it. The whole work, whether evangelistic, to share the good things of life with each other. educational or medical, is suffering from de-

WHEN MISSIONARY INCOME IS REDUCED

pressed vitality. It is steadily slipping farther are prepared to suffer with the rest of the world. and farther down hill. Openings which have been But if the Church has lost its enthusiasm for the gained only after years of effort are being closed proclamation of the Message of the Cross to all simply because we cannot, for financial reasons, men, that will do much to take the heart out of us in our work. enter into them. The report of the Lindsay Commission urges One point more-as the result of the falling off in giving, most missions are now assuming a de- that Christian colleges should enter more whole- pressingly middle-aged appearance. Few new heartedly into the life of the people. Very good. missionaries are being sent out, and, as a conse- But when one's whole energies are taken up in quence, the fresh new life which is the natural trying to keep oneself alive, one has not much vi- accompaniment of youth is being shut off from tality to share with others. For years we have our fields. The result will be that in the Young been trying to get Christian Teacher Training or- India, just stretching his sleepy limbs and real- ganized in such a way that the courses given izing his strength, many of our mission bodies would be recognized by the government and lead will find themselves hopelessly behind the times to some definite standing. Now, just when our unless there is in the near future a strong influx efforts appear to be about to be crowned with suc- of new life, full of spiritual enthusiasm for the cess, there come these appalling cuts which make work of Christ and His Kingdom; full also of the it impossible for us to take up the work which we natural vigor and energy of youth. had planned. That is but one instance of many. SHORTAGE IN JAPAN Naturally the Indian staff is becoming restless. They feel that their position is becoming more and By THE REV. S. H. WAINRIGHT, D.D. more uncertain, and they face the possibility of dismissal at any moment with no provision for Christian Literature Society of Japan any pension. Many have been trained from boy- hood or girlhood in mission service, and know no The effect of the world economic depression has other work. What will they do if they are flung been eased in Japan somewhat by two favorable out in the cold to fend for themselves? What circumstances: first, by the high exchange value will be the impression produced on non-Christians of the American dollar and, secondly, by the stim- if this happens? ulus given to export trade. The first has helped mission work, and the second has been an ad- The missionaries themselves, for the most part, vantage to general conditions. But these favor- are hopeful, though many are bearing almost in- able conditions are losing their advantage. The tolerable burdens. Trying to educate a family, high cost of raw materials imported for manufac- some in the mission field and some in the home- ture, is taking away the advantage from the new land is no joke in these days, when one has only rate of exchange. The mission boards are adjust- three quarters of a small salary with which to do ing themselves to this new rate and appropria- it. The constant anxiety about ways and means, tions are made in yen. Instead of sending one which is forced upon us at present, does not make dollar to provide for two yen in the budgets here, us more fit for our work, but definitely weakens mission boards now send forty cents. Local prices us. are also rising.

Just now a great question arises. Does the fail- Reduction all along the line has become neces- ure of the Church to give more adequate support sary. Every conceivable economy is adopted in to this work mean that its members have not order to keep existing work going, while new work money to give, or does it mean that the Church receives no serious consideration in present bud- has grown tired of its task? Is the Church los- get making. ing faith in the missionary enterprise? If we could have a definite negative answer to that ques- The missionaries have cheerfully accepted re- tion it would do much to settle many qualms. We ductions in their salaries, but they are greatly can stand sacrifice. We are not afraid of having hampered in not being able to respond to all kinds to bear heavy burdens. But is the Church going of appeals about them, the meeting of which to abandon us and the work? That is the ques- would increase usefulness. tion which "gives us pause." One denomination, after estimating for J apa- There has been much loose talk in America in nese pastors' salaries out of funds available, found recent years about the ability of the people of the that a deficit of 9,500 yen had yet to be covered. Orient to stand alone, and about the "impertinence The mission board made this a "special," and of foreign missions"; one wonders how far the asked the churches to contribute 6,500 yen and Church has been affected by such vapourings. the missionaries to give 3,500 yen to make up the (Did the Appraisal Commission entirely escape deficit! It is doubtful whether this response can . the influence of such suggestions?) Missionaries be made, yet it presents a phase of the foreign are not looking for easy jobs or soft berths, we missionary's opportunity. These trying times must not defeat the purpose which brought mis- penses of which were borne by the local Chris- sionaries to foreign service. One of the most tians. A four-days' series of meetings were held touching scenes I have witnessed since coming to in the large Nakashima auditorium, preceded by Japan was at an annual meeting last summer workers' meetings and by visiting homes through- when all present contributed to make up the re- out the city. Meetings in the churches followed.

turn fare to Japan of a fellow missionary and his One Christian training school sent out the stu- wife and it was a high point in experience felt by dents who visited 8,000 homes in the part of all when the cable message called them to return. Osaka in which the school is situated!

One happy circumstance is that while applica- The decline in the foreign missionary force, not tions for admission to mission schools are fewer, withstanding the call for new work, is very dis- attendance holds up so that income from fees is turbing. In 1927, the Protestant missionary staff maintained. Without the exchange balances this in Japan numbered 1,527, while last year it had year schools are meeting with far greater diffi- decreased to 1,176, involving a loss of one-third culties. the ordained missionaries, many of whom are in , Adjustment is not always possible. A step more evangelistic work. This touches a vital element serious is necessary. A Christian Literature So- in the foreign mission force.

ciety Weekly, called the Sunday Club, started last There has been an increase (from 1,055 to year at Dr. Kagawa's request, was so successful 1,552) of Japanse ordained men and a correspond- as to reach a total for the year of 125,000 copies. ing increase in women workers, but the decline in It could not pay for the editor's salary, so it had the missionary staff is a serious loss. The Chris- to be dropped in spite of the appeal made to a tian institutions founded by American missions committee at home. cannot as yet be maintained by the Japanese Many other enterprises are dropped off which churches, nor can these churches meet the ever are of a special nature. The full strength of the sounding call for new advance in the unoccupied Christian movement cannot be put forth. Even territory. The home churches must respond to regular work, like preaching places which have the appeal for new work in all great mission fields.

the promise of becoming churches, are discon- Two million new congregations are required to tinued owing to the drawing in of the lines. meet the needs of villages in Asia. The call from Hardships come to those who cannot be continued this Macedonia is not only for help in establishing in the work and to those on whom is laid double the church but it is the call to help the new tasks through the economy thus effected. younger churches reach out into the regions be- Unfortunately we do not see any very distinet yond. The Apostle Paul writes to the Christians spiritual effects from the depression in Japan. in Philippi: Christians nowadays seem to have lost the secret When I departed from Macedonia, no church had felwhich knows "how to be brought low" as well as lowship with me in the matter of giving and receiving "how to abound.') Our chief Christian virtue (for new work elsewhere) but ye only. seems·to be to know "how to abound" – how to confer earthly benefits upon others. Weare not In one large mission in Japan the only new work so gifted when it comes to making straightened undertaken has been made possible by a special circumstances vocal with the power of faith and contribution made for this purpose by a devout Christian woman on the Pacific Coast of America.

love. Man is too often looked upon as the source A TESTING TIME IN JAPAN .of welfare; so when things go wrong a certain ill humor is apt to find expression toward man By THE REV. D. B. SCHNEDER, D.D.

as responsible. If the spiritual benefit of the pres- P/'esident of North Japan College, Sendai, Japan ent depression is that we are led "to look not upon Due to the hopeful attitude of the Foreign Mis- the things that are seen but upon the things that sion Board of the Reformed Church in the United are unseen," then there is some evidence of that. State and the favorable exchange, we have not Many in Japan are truly "seeking first the King- thus far seriously suffered in our work in Japan.

dom of God and his righteousness." Unusual Both of our schools, North Japan College and hardships in church work are giving rise to un- Miyagi College, have entered upon a very hopeful usual efforts. year. The number and quality of our applicants A missionary living in the interior says that for admission have been better than for a num- outlying places are offering to provide the travel ber of years. Any drastic cut in our appropria- and entertainment and a meeting place (in one tions, therefore, will be very deplorable.

of the private homes) if an evangelist can be sent If any weakening of the work takes place now, to introduce the Gospel there. it will be practically impossible to recover from A most interesting instance of this local activ- the effects. Christianity faces a harder task in ity is the special evangelistic campaign conducted· Japan now than at any time during the past fifty recently in the great city of Osaka, the total ex- years.

WHEN MISSIONARY INCOME IS REDUCED

WHAT THE CUTS MEAN IN KOREA The Government requires certain standards of By THE REV. STACEY L. ROBERTS, D.D. equipment and scholastic work, and without money we cannot meet these requirements nor measure President of the Presbyterian Theological Seminary, up to the opportunities before us. Pyengyang, Korea In such a time we must reevaluate our work and With gifts to missions reduced, appropriations put the resources and strength that we have, not for the work must be reduced, and the Church of merely in work that is important, but in work that Christ both at home and abroad is being compelled is most important. The Lord can bless a very to retrench. In Korea, at a time like this, we ap- little so as to use it in a mighty way. Our prayer preciate as never before the wisdom that carried is that He may make us strong where we are weak through the plan to establish a self-supporting and bless the work, even though our equipment is Church, so that when funds from the homeland less than in the past. We pray that further "cuts" are reduced, the strong Korean Presbyterian may not be necessary for we need not only more churches are directly very little affected. It is money but more workers. different where the churches are under the care of the missionary. When itineration funds are REDUCTION IN GUATEMALA reduced, they must receive less attention, even By EDWARD M. HAYMAKER, D.D. though the missionary goes into his own reduced personal funds to pay the expenses of his itinera- Editor of "Guatemala News"

tion. This is most important work, but the trips In prosperous times both national workers and require money and retrenchment greatly affects missionaries in the Guatemala Mission had only the cause of Christ in Korea. just enough to live on-never too much. The cut A native church may be largely self-supporting in the budget, therefore, makes necessary for us and yet the mission may need a great deal of all very trying readjustments. Our plans were money to carryon the evangelistic, educational, made very carefully so that we cannot cut ex- medical, industrial and literary work. Reduced penses without making matters more difficult. We appropriations to Bible Institutes mean either less economize in food and clothing-often a doubt:ful time given to teaching the Word of God or fewer and desperate expediency. Some are forced to seek men and women taught. These Bible Institute outside sources of income such as teaching music students are the elders and deacons and Sunday or language, repairing cars, etc. The WIicy of School teachers and Bible women of the country the Church at home has been that the efficiency of and city churches. The opportunity to help fit the missionary is the prime consideration. Urider them for their work is one of the greatest we this reduction that policy is discarded. At first have in Korea. The work of the Theological Sem- the missionaries tried to help out nationals by inary must go on, if there is to be a trained min- sacrificing their own comforts, but now their ut- istry, but when all of the cooperating missions are most effort is required to keep going themselves, compelled to cut their budgets, and there is no and the nationals suffer, though the missionaries possibility of increasing tuition fees, we face a voted unanimously to make reductions pro rata very serious situation. with the work and national workers.

The cut in hospital appropriations means less A much discussed question is as to whether it free medical work. There is a wonderful oppor- is best for missionaries to adopt a different stand- tunity in the hospital to meet the needs of the ard of living from that of the native workers.

souls as well as the bodies of thousands of people! Should they "stoop to conquer" as Christ and the Some are able to pay their way, but if help cannot Apostles did ?Perhaps the question will be de- be given free to multitudes of other sick and suf- cided for us. At any rate the missionary is per- fering folk, their future means years of suffering force approaching the standard of living of the or an early death. It takes money to care for national, who, in the meantime, is being reduced these needy people. to greater poverty. This affects not only our faith- In Korea we have a large Christian constituency ful workers, but the work and the people as well.

and this offers a wonderful opportunity to give When their standards of living are lowered their the Christian youth a good education and to make ideals and their Christian optimism are apt to them useful members of the Church of Christ and wither. The death rate is reported as increasing of society. A cut in appropriations means that in a number of localities from a lack of ability to we are compelled to reduce the number of teach- purchase simple remedies. The tendency is to- ers, to overcrowd the class rooms, to use a poorer ward parsimony even in religion.

grade of teachers, and to refuse help to many In the different departments of mission work worthy students, many of whom are the children the results of the reduction are very serious. Mis- of pastors and other Christian workers, and are sionaries have given up their cars and thus their looking forward to lives of service for Christ. usefulness is curtailed. The hospital has given up the native driver, which means that the doctor undertaking more complete self-support, which is and nurse must do the work-at a great cost to our ideal.

efficiency. The cut also stops work on chapels, The drift of the Church talent toward govern- parsonages and schools, as the nationals alone are ment employment, because of the much larger pay not able to finish them. Outstation work is cur- than we can afford, is growing less because state tailed when there is no way to finance the trips. salaries are in arrears. Dr. Paul Burgess says, Next year the evangelistic work will suffer even in a recent letter: more seriously if the cut continues. The Church and missions have suffered less from the Our missionary institutions are sometimes hit depression than other institutions, especially the governthe hardest. They depend largely on funds from ment. In consequence talents, which would otherwise home. The field income is also decreasing because serve the government are available for mission service, of the depression. Repairs to buildings cannot be even at the beggarly salaries the Church is able to pay. So the depression has brought the Church at this time the made; teachers and other workers cannot be best leadership available from within its membership.

paid; tuitions and hospital expenses are not met; The government has been compelled to close so that the outlook is distressing. What are we many rural schools, so that in many of our fields to do if the cut continues? the Sunday schools have taken their place. These mission Sunday schools are now teaching both Thank God there is a brighter side, and we keep cultural and academic studies as well as the Gosstaring at that to keep up our courage. The pel. They are growing rapidly and are becoming Master knows full well what He is doing. When a powerful means of local evangelization, at the people had plenty of money and occupation, they same time doing the government a good turn. indulged to excess in questionable diversions and Poverty is providing good soil for the presentafrivolity often tending toward degeneration. The tion of Christ. It may even be a good thing for a drift of the public was away from serious think- missionary to stop and make tents now and then. ing and from God. When money and work are It gives him an opportunity to revalue his work, lacking they begin to reflect on the seriousness of to recast his plans, to relight his enthusiasm and life. Thinking seriously often means thinking to rededicate his life. evangelically, and our church attendance increases apace. Our Guatemala Christians give for the We are coming to believe that the providence of work of Christ to the point of sacrifice, and that God can be seen in all this necessary readjust- is good training for the present stage. They are ment. Some huge problems are being solved by learning not to rely much on foreign help, "and are it, whether we will or no.

Shall the Tent Makers Preach?

By PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia Missionary of the Reformed Church in America; Author of "The Arab At Home"

"THERE is nothing that we would not do for tion by means of making first-class tents, he should your tent factory if only you would get rid not devote his attention to preaching Christ. Most of the preaching in it." The Book of the missionaries live, as Paul usually did, supported by far-away churches, but a number of us-doc- Acts does not mention such an incident in Paul's tors, teachers, industrialists, and agriculturistslife, but it is a common experience in the lives of follow his tent-making program. his successors. The Apostle would have ignored such a remark. He would have been surprised to But we are here as missionaries, all of us. That be told that when he was supported by foreign means that we are "bond-slaves of Jesus Christ, funds and could give his whole time to preaching, set apart to proclaim God's Good News." The docthat then he was a legitimate evangelist, but when tor finds his opportunity in work with individuals he earned his living and made his social contribu- more often than in public addresses, though in

SHALL THE TENT MAKERS PREACH?

Muscat we have made it a practice to give the leave us with their arms aching and empty; to doctor one of the preaching services every month, fathers austere and erect, who go down the hos- simply to demonstrate publicly his active partner- pital steps broken and gray, with such silent grief ship in the station's evangelistic campaign. In in their eyes as only strong men know. No man the Hospital there is an opportunity to exercise ever came into a mission hospital who needed his gifts of a modest sort in proclaiming the Good hernia mended one-half so badly as he needed to News. Doctors are not highly trained theologi- learn about Jesus Christ. It is easy to operate on ans, but on the mission fields many of them make his hernia, and we are glad to help him by doing first rate preachers of the simple Gospel. it, but we pray and plan and hope for an oppor- The difference is only one of degree. The most tunity to bring him to Christ. Sometimes we suc- effective and most useful preachers we have, such ceed in giving him the greater gift along with the as Bishop Linton and William Miller, of Persia, lesser, and when we do we thank God and take insist that they do their most important work with courage. That is the real reason we are out here.

individuals. On the other hand, however full the It is a very gratuitous trouble which our friends time of the tent-making missionary may be, and are giving themselves over the acceptability of however much confined to individual contacts, evangelistic work in our hospitals. I have never there come many opportunities to present the Gos- met a patient who was troubled by it, nor his rela- pel message to larger or smaller groups. tives either. The Mohammedan who made to me The missionary must frequently pray to be de- the remark quoted (with modifications) at the livered from his well-meaning friends. For years beginning of this paper, was a merchant from out- he has been told by ship captains, by godless com- side, as much an alien in Bahrain, as 1. He was mercial representatives, and by the alien admin- not troubled about the fine sensibilities of the pa- istrators who rule most of the Near East, that the tients. What worried him was the possibility tent-making missionary should have no part nor that some of them might become Christians. We lot in evangelistic work. In these days that idea hope to give him still more reason to worry about has gained a wider vogue. The argument is this in the days to come.

simple enough. The medical missionary especially When men say that we will see better medical furnishes to the community such a valuable type work if evangelism is excluded from the doctor's of tent, that unless we are careful, people will be activities, they are simply mistaken. Dr. Howard found listening to the Gospel against their wills, Kelly and Dr. J. M. T. Finney, of Baltimore, are simply to secure a tent. Christian love should not reduced to sub-mediocre physicians and sur- lead us to furnish tents free to the community, geons by their Christian activities in America. A and not preach the Good News to them at all. Christian faith, deep enough to be happy and con- In an argument such as this, there is some fool- tagious, and vivid enough to focus our whole per- ishness and some pure fiction. We do furnish sonality, so that it becomes easy to talk to others tents free to the needy community, and no one is about the Christ who has done so much for us, compelled to listen to the Gospel in order to bene- such a faith does not make for slovenly, careless, fit by our services. The clinic door is wide open. or ineffective medical work. It makes for better Anyone who prefers not to listen has the whole work; is indeed a guarantee of the best that that outdoors to retreat into, and thus can save his particular doctor is capable of doing. Experience soul from enlightenment. In Bahrain and Mus- bears this out. Dr. Vail in Miraj, whose reputa- cat, we seek to do personal work with every pa- tion throughout India and the Near East com- tient every day, but always with the provision that pares with that of the Mayos in America, is one anyone preferring not to listen, is passed by. In of the most whole hearted evangelists that we twenty years I have never seen a patient who was have on the mission field. Others are Dr. Goheen not glad to have me sit and read and talk and and Dr. Evans in Vengurla, Dr. Hume arid the pray with him. Beals in Wai, Dr. Dame in Bahrain, Dr. Ida The idea that, by carrying on evangelistic work Scudder in Vellore, and Dr. Edith Brown in Lud- in our hospitals, we are in some way trampling hianna. The list could be lengthened almost in- under foot the finer sensibilities of our helpless definitely. The best medical work in India and patients, is grotesque. Talking about Jesus Christ Arabia is being done by these men and women.

with men who are in trouble is often the one The Church has no work anywhere of which she thing they want, introducing them to Him and to has a greater right to be proud.

the God of all comfort through Him. Up and down "Brethren pray for us," the tent makers, that the aisles of pain and trouble and broken hearts in an agressive. evangelism, mixed with sympathy Jesus, our Lord, walks day and night. If only and love and skill and hard work, "the word of we could make Him visible to them all! But He the Lord may have free course and be glorified does become visible to some; to mothers who even as it is with you."

Christ to the Foreign

By the REV. EDWARD CATLOS Pastor of the First Bobemian Baptist Church, Cbicago DECENTLY very little has been said regard- The immigrant has brought with him an affilia- ~ ing the foreign born in the United States. tion to the state church. In most cases he con- The outbreak of the World War marked the tinued to live loyally to that church. But the state beginning of the decline in immigration. Our church has been very slow in coming with any present laws keep the doors almost completely definite attempt to minister to the spiritual needs closed so that emigration actually exceeds our im- of the foreigner. And when finally it did come, migration. Notwithstanding this present condi- the number of the priests and the ministers was tion we still have, according to the census of 1930, so insufficient that all of the ministry was confined over fourteen million foreign born in the United for a long period to christenings, marriages, and States, and over twenty-two million native born burials. In some cases the earnest immigrant, of foreign or mixed parentage. This great multi- seeking to satisfy his religious needs discovered tude is unable to join fully with the older Ameri- a church kindred to his own, but the services were can stock in singing the great American hymn, conducted in a language unknown to him. He "Land where my fathers died," for their fathers was reluctant to send his children there for fear are buried in another land. Many an Ameri- that they would forget their native tongue. At can who has not come into contact with the for- present these churches are serving their com- eign born is astonished to learn that cities like municants in imposing buildings but thousands New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Cleveland, and of the children, now men and women, have grown Detroit are, in their mixed population, only cross- up without any religious training whatever.

sections of Europe or of the whole world. The It is evident that the evangelization of the for- largest Scandinavian university of the world is eign born and of many native born of foreign or located on the shore of the Mississippi River. mixed parentage as well, stands out as one of the These new-Americans, as they are often called, most challenging tasks facing the American did not scatter over the length and breadth of the Christians. The foreigner within our gates has land. Over eighty per cent dwell in larger cities. proven himself a very valuable asset in the fields Out of 1,790,424 Italians living in America, 1,046,- of human activity. He has effectively written 159 live in the states of New York, New Jersey, himself into the commercial and industrial his- and Pennsylvania. In New York City alone, the tory. He has made himself a valuable factor in Italians form a population larger than that of the field of invention, education and art. Shall Rome. In one Illinois town thirty per cent of the the potential power of the new-American be per- population are foreign born and fifty per cent are mitted to remain dormant in the great enterprise native born of foreign or mixed parentage. A boy of the Kingdom of our Lord? Should his soul be born and raised in such a community is an Amer- lost among the wheels of our industry or in the ican, but as a matter of fact he is born and raised coal dust of our mines?

in "little Italy," "little Poland," or "little Czecho- Two methods are being used by evangelical slovakla." Customs of the old world prevail in Christians to bring the knowledge of Jesus Christ such a community to a marked degree. Very often to the newcomer. The foreigner, in quest of better public opinion, public office and public education economic conditions for himself or in quest of are all largely influenced if not totally controlled. better living conditions for his family, has drifted Upon my arrival to this country I was told: "Re- away from the congested foreign community and member, Chicago is in America but America is has settled down next door to a Christian neigh- not in Chicago." Truly, only a limited part of the bor, or may work next to the bench of a Christian American industrial city is American. In more toolmaker; he may come into contact, while at- than one instance it is plainly seen that an immi- tending an evening school, with a Christian grant, making his home in such a community, teacher. The light shining from a transformed never comes into contact with the leavening in- Christian life brings forth its natural fruit. There fluence of the Christian life as the American are no records available, showing the extent of Christians understand it. He lives in the old this blessed work. The year books of churches, world transplanted and somewhat modified. especially from regions where there are no for- r 496] eign speaking churches, reveal, however, many home to which he could bring his wife and their names whose racial identity cannot be doubted. firstborn. But the home without companionship Recently a young woman graduate of a mission- with God through Jesus Christ was not complete.

ary training school testified of the effectiveness of One day he came into contact with people who had this method of Christian service. Her parents exactly that for which his heart was yearning.

experienced all of the blues and lonesomeness He was invited to church and with his wife sur- common to strangers in the strange land until a rendered to Jesus Christ. They joined the for- Christian neighbor crossed their path. This eign-language church, the only institution that young lady's contribution to the Kingdom will be spoke of their Saviour in the language they could an indirect fruit of Christian neighborliness understand. Years passed and he became a dea- shown to an immigrant and his family. con of that church. Four children were born to At a recent gathering of young people of Czech- him and his wife. Now he is an old man, but oslovak descent a young lady was announced as a is still a deacon of that same church. One of speaker. She came from the young people's de- his children is married to the pastor of the partment of the denominational headquarters and church to which they have dedicated their service.

announced both her parents were Czechs, her One son is a high school teacher; another is a father being an immigrant. Christian professional man. The younger daugh- Thousands of foreign born and their children, ter and her husband gave their lives to religious scattered over America, occupy not only humble, education in an underprivileged community. In unheralded places of service in the local Amer- the lives of such as these the foreign-speaking ican churches, but are filling positions of high re- church is making its supreme investment for sponsibility on home and foreign mission fields, Christ's sake.

because of the winsomeness of Christian people In many communities the foreign-language who have come in contact with them. Those that church is the only available spiritual home for have drifted away from the segregated foreign these people. Sunday schools are the only means communities have been especially blessed by this of organized religious instruction within reach.

type of ministry. The effectiveness of the Amer- Closed doors of these churches mean a neglected ican Christianity would be greatly reduced if it opportunity to many that depend entirely on them were not for this neighborly service in the Name for spiritual instruction. The so-called American of Jesus Christ. And now that the old-fashioned, church is often too distant, in more than one foreign-speaking community is fastly being disin- sense, from the children of the immigrant. There tegrated, even in the large cities, and since the are many obstacles but the contributions to the.

language barrier is also being removed, evan- spiritual wealth of America are real and lasting.

gelistic effort must depend more largely on this This effort is fruitful. On the occasion of the method of approach if the foreigner is ever to be One Hundredth Anniversary of the American reached for Jesus Christ. Baptist Home Mission Society an Interracial Bap- The other method of approach is through the tist Conference was held in Detroit. One hundred foreign-speaking church. Under the guidance and and fifty delegates representing twenty-two racial leadership of home mission boards, foreign-speak- groups were present. It was an unusual and de- ing churches have been founded. Some have lightful occasion. The meetings testified force~ grown into strong, spiritual and missionary units. fully of the power and the genius of Christianity.

Many have organized into independent confer- That twenty-two different nationalities could come ences and are now carrying extensive missionary together under one roof and enjoy fellowship one programs at home and abroad. For instance the with another concretely illustrated the value as German and the Swedish Baptists and Methodists well as fruitfulness of the foreign-language and the Norwegian and Swedish Lutherans have churches in America. At the closing session the grown into strong religious bodies, occupying whole congregation rose to unite in the Lord's very important places in the religious life of prayer and each delegate prayed in his own America. Their churches have given unsparingly tongue. Before the benediction was pronounced of their members to the wider service of our Lord. these from many lands joined in the famous hymn Not few have proven themselves able missionary of Christian fellowship: "Blest be the tie that statesmen and educators. History will no doubt binds, our hearts in Christian love." The pente- reveal that the spiritual standard was lifted and costal experience is reproducable even in this day the moral consciousness quickened in many a and even under different circumstances. Those community by the humble ministry of foreign- from far corners of the earth, each speaking his language churches. own tongue, understood the one universal lan~ Several years ago a young man came to a grow- guage of love and devotion to one Lord and ing city of the great Northwest to establish a Master.

Christ in

-..e{ By the REV. H. A. IRONSIDE, Chicago, Illinois Pastor of the Moody Memorial Church THE coming of millions of people to Chicago are larger than can be accommodated inside in the during the five months of the Century of huge tent which seats over 2,500 people. The Progress Exposition has afforded a marvelous messages have been in great power and hundreds opportunity for reaching vast multitudes with the have professed to receive Christ as their Saviour.

Gospel of Christ. The Church Federation has Other evangelists are to continue throughout the made no concerted effort in the way of union coming months.

meetings on a large scale to meet this need, but In another section of the city the young woman many churches are featuring special services in evangelist, Miss Uldine Utley, is preaching to their own buildings, and the various exhibits in multitudes in a large tent, seating four thousand, the Hall of Religion on the Fair Grounds are with Harry Clark, recently of the Billy Sunday used to carryon active propaganda. The Lu- party, leading the singing. Excellent reports are theran churches particularly deserve great credit given of these meetings and their results.

for their splendid exhibits and their testimony to The Moody Bible Institute has become the head- reformation truth. The Salvation Army has a quarters for large numbers of Christian people remarkably fine exhibit, and it is gratifying to visiting the city, and in addition to the regular note that the American Bible Society and the Chi- classes which have been in session through the cago Tract Society are daily distributing litera- major part of this period, special Bible teachers ture, thousands of tracts and portions of Scrip- have been engaged to conduct daily services for ture. Services held in the auditorium of the Hall the benefit of these guests and others who attend.

of Religion, which is not very large, have not At the Moody Memorial Church, situated in a thus far attracted very special attention. most strategic location, a nightly program has A large group of young people, numbering many been put on covering the entire five months. The thousands and sponsored by Mrs. Philip D. Ar- first two and a half months have brought results mour, has been districting the city and visitation that have been most encouraging. The audiences groups have gone from house to house giving have aggregated at least ten thousand people Scripture portions and invitations ·to special weekly and frequently double that number; of late Christian services. They secured the Eighth there have been a total of at least thirty thousand Street Theatre for a week's meetings under the each week. The annual conventions of the Scandi- direction of Roy L. Brown. navian Alliance, the Hebrew Christian Alliance, The Christian Business Men's Committee, which and the World's Fundamentals Association have has been carrying on noonday theatre meetings contributed their quota and special speakers have for the past two years in the Loop District, con- been brought in from various parts of America tinues these evangelistic meetings which have re- and from England. The veteran evangelist, Gipsy cently been transferred to the Illinois Theatre on Smith, has just closed a fifteen-day campaign and Jackson Boulevard, near the Fair Grounds, and the great auditorium, seating over four thousand, outstanding preachers are engaged to speak to the has been far too small to hold the crowds on many throngs who gather there. The same group is occasions. Loud speakers have been installed en- conducting four tent campaigns and a tabernacle abling those gathering in the lower auditorium meeting in different parts of the city. They have also to hear the speaker's message. There has also engaged Evangelist Rawlins and his wife who been a great harvest of souls confessing Christ have a splendidly equipped Gospel truck for open- and Christians have been stirred to deeper conse- air meetings, which are held in various sections cration and devotedness.

every week. On Sunday afternoons three large God is honoring His Word and is putting His open-air meetings are also being conducted in the seal upon the testimony going forth in these vari- Cook County Forest Preserves. ous Christian activities. There are other organ- The Swedish Mission Covenant Chprches have ized efforts which are not mentioned here because brought Evangelist Frank Mangs from Sweden of the writer's lack of familiarity with them. We and have opened a large tent which is crowded rejoice, however, in every evidence of the working nightly; here many are being brought to a sav- of the Spirit of God among every group of His ing knowledge of Christ. Oftentimes the audiences people.

[498 ]

Cross in Christian Missions*

= By DR. TOYOHIKO KAGAWA, Tokyo, Japan Author of "The Law of Love," etc.

CAN Christianity exist without the Cross? need for Christ to be crucified, merely to propa- "Re-Thinking Missions" tries to interpret gate humanism! ….. . to us Christ without the Cross as Chris- There are indeed many religions in the Orient: tianity. From its first page to the last I failed to but is there any that clearly teaches that God discover the word "cross" in this book. It is the loves humanity with the love of the Cross? Bud- lack of the Cross which constitutes its weakness. dhism propounds abstract principles, but it failed The book is not written from the motivation of to wipe away my tears.

the Cross, but from economic To this day Buddhism is motives. This is evident at the compromising with the system very beginning of the Introduc- What is the true heart of of public prostitution in Japan.

tion, where they speak of the Christianity and of the Chris- Shintoism and militarism, and desire for retrenchment be- tian missionary enterprise? Brahmanism and superstition cause of the economic depres- What driving force led the are closely associated. I do not sion. This lack of the Cross is Apostle Paul to change his wish to attack other religions, the greatest reason why I am mind about Christ and the but it is useless to be too lenient disappointed in this Report. Christians and to gladly suffer with them. Man will not be privation, persecution and "Thy Kingdom Come" is indeed death that he might win saved thus. The human race quoted frequently as the funda- others to Christ? The es- on most occasions is still asleep; mental purpose of foreign mis- sence and the motive power and whoever takes it upon himsions, but nothing is said about and the dynamic of Christian- self to waken a sleeper knows the inevitability of paying the ity has not changed, though that he may have to face unprice of the Cross in order to conditions are different from pleasant consequences! Chrisbring in the Kingdom of God. those of the first century. It tianity's history in Japan has is from a mission field in Asia, been a history of persecutions. When Paul, just before his and from a convert to Christ We Christians need not go out martyrdom, wrote: "Everyone from Buddhism, that this of our way to seek persecuin Asia has deserted me" (2 clarion call comes to sacri- tions; but this Report does not Tim. 1: 15) the writers of this ficial devotion to extend the book would have deemed him a sway of Christ over all the encourage us as it should to failure. world. evangelize w hen confronted There are altogether about with opposition and persecu- ten points under which I have tion. It is no reinforcement to listed my dissatisfactions regarding this Report: the Christian girls who, even today, in districts 1. In the first place, this Report has forgotten dominated by the Shin sect of Buddhism, remain that the starting point of foreign missions is a faithful to the Cross under severe persecution, commission from God. No evangelism is possible when tied naked to cryptomeria trees in the cold merely from the standpoint of comparative reli- snow, or imprisoned in their homes for five or ten gions or of the evolutionary theory of civilization. years because of their faith. It is because they It is not for "comparative religions" that Elijah are convinced that the Love flowing from the and Elisha suffered! For such it would not have Cross is the absolute Love that these young peo- been necessary for Elijah to struggle on Mount ple are fighting with their very life-blood.

Carmel, or to appeal to God on Horeb. Where can Loss of a Militant Spirit the motive for foreign missions be found, and how can energy be expected to well up and overflow 2. Again this book seems to have forgotten that except as proceeding from a sense of absolute com- the religion of Jesus was the religion that drove mission from God'/ There would have been no out the money-changers and the sellers of sheep • From a statement sent out from Japan giving Dr. Kagawa's re- and cows from the temple. If Jesus had followed action to "Re-thinking Missions." the methods taught in this book, He would not [499 ]

have been crucified, probably. This book leaves this fact, we are compelled to scatter over the the impression that Buddhism, Mohammedanism whole world with a revolutionary spirit. Weare and Brahmanism, equally with Christianity, are compelled to preach this Good News on all pos- at odds with their common foes in the material- sible occasions and in all possible places. But isms of Marx, Lenin and Bertrand Russell. It when this Cross-revolution spirit slackens, we for- teaches that all religions must unitedly fight get the many unoccupied fields, and lose zeal for against materialism. But why is materialism so evangelism. We must again awaken to Christian strong in the Orient? It is because Buddhism internationalism, forgetting skin-colors, nationali- itself was originally atheistic. Buddhism does not ties and language differentiation. Marx avers teach love, but individualistic contentment. If that to the proletarian there are no national bar- the religion of the Cross had been well rooted in riers; and certainly there should be no national Japan, there would have been no space left for boundaries to the Christianity of the Cross ….. .

materialism to come in. To the early Christians, there were no national Until they awaken to absolute Love, people may boundaries. Those who forget the Cross, lose the be contented with Buddhism, Mohammedanism or power to cross the Hellespont! ….. .

Brahmanism; but those who have grasped the Forsaking the Pioneering Spirit reality of the Love of God discover the necessity of redemption. Such of us as are awakened to 4. In the fourth place, this book seems to forget this religion feel the need of fighting against the the necessity of pioneering in unoccupied terri- world's evils. An atheism, like Buddhism, which tories. There is nothing more foolish than evan- rails at Christ and ridicules Christianity because gelism, if we begin to reckon it in money terms it stands for internationalism and loves the labor- (1 Cor. 1: 21), though even at that the "foolish- ing classes, cannot be considered to have the same ness of preaching" is more economical than the value as Christianity. folly of war! Because they were obsessed with This Report is shot through and through with this foolishness of preaching, Livingstone gave his "'liberalism." It attempts to deal with communism life to Africa, Hudson Taylor suffered in China, and capitalism, all in the same way, from the and Judson fell in Burma. Compared to the hard- "liberal" standpoint. Such a treatment may be ship of their days, we of the present times lack admissible if the "liberal" standpoint can solve the the spirit of adventure. That does not mean that world's problems; but while capitalism is chain- the Gospel has really been preached to the ends ing many thousands of young men in prison, and of the earth. Even in Japan few places are be- producing millions of unemployed, can we be con- ing reached as yet. Only five percent of the eleven tented with such lukewarm propositions? Ought thousand villages are even touched by Christian we to be so lenient with capitalism? Was it not evangelism; no one has yet reached the fishing Christ who said, clearly, "One thing thou lackest"? villages or most of the laboring class. In the face Having put our hands to the plough, we cannot of such conditions this book on "Re-Thinking Mis- turn back. We cannot regard capitalism, social- sions," with its call to retrenchment, may have ism and atheistic communism as all in the same some unexpected value as a negative stimulus, to category. . . . .. While atheistic Buddhism is com- arouse us again to evangelize even unto death!

promising with public prostitution, and poly- We must work harder to establish the Kingdom of theistic Shintoism with militarism, can Christ on God for which Christ died.

the Cross keep silent? "There are many good religions in other coun- No religion but the Cross-religion has the power tries, Christianity is also good; but let Christian to save the world. We must be more militant. missionaries return home as soon as possible"- (2 Tim. 2: 3-4.) when they say that, it tastes like salt that has lost 3. In the third place, since this Report has for- its savor. One wonders why the missionaries ever gotten the Cross, it still differentiates between came out in the first place! Mere survey-mission- "home" and "foreign" missions. But does not aries might be ready to return soon, but mission- Christ belong to all nations? And is not the Third aries who came to preach the Cross should endure Internationale of Moscow meanwhile engaged in unto death.

a great propaganda movement and promoting a The evangelization of unoccupied fields cannot new world revolution? . . . .. We who belong to be carried on merely from the point of view of Christ should possess a stronger international economics. When it forgets the Cross, the evan- spirit, and should give ourselves to the propaga- gelistic spirit shrivels, loses its militancy against tion of the Christ-spirit, forgetting the distinction evils, and its courage to go out to remote places between "home" and "foreign." ….. . searching for the one lost sheep. No matter how The only way to the happiness of the whole hu- high the waves nor how dangerous the storm, the man race, is for it to awaken to the complete con- life-ship is launched; nor can its efforts be eval- sciousness of the Love of the Cross. As we grasp uated in dollar terms.

THE CROSS IN CHRISTIAN MISSIONS

5. This Report has forgotten the Gospel of re- though there may well exist various brotherhoods pentance. within the one catholic organization.

One of the things that astonish me in this book It is true that there are many hidden followers is that the foreign missionary is urged to be con- of Christ at present, like Nicodemus and Joseph nected with the European and American business of Aramathea in His time, who do not yet come to men in the Orient (p. 251). There may be excep- Church. In Elijah's day there were seven thoutional cases, but in general, Western commercial sand such; but we must demand as a standard men in the Orient have been a great hindrance to such strength of conviction as will enable all to the Christian movement. William Carey could confess Christ clearly before God and men, even not enter India because the business men pre- in the face of persecution and the Cross. And no vented his doing so; and Christianity could not matter how faulty the Church may be today, we make headway in India at that time because the must ask God's forgiveness for that weakness, policy of the East India Trading Company had and endeavor ourselves to love this body of Christ, aroused the anger of the Indian peoples. Chris- the Church, which has been guarded and pretianity fails to spread in China today because the served by our predecessors for nineteen hundred Chinese cannot forget the British opium war and years. I do not think of the Church from a super- British opium traders. In general, the main rea- ficial point of view. I regard it as a brotherhood son why Christianity makes little progress in the based on the Cross. As such it has a history, and Orient is because the business men, and the gov- as such we must continue its existence in the fuernments of the countries from which the mission- ture. To be sure there may be the impotence of aries come, are acting in direct opposition to the the clergy to deal with, and the lack of economic teachings of Christ. organization to hinder it; but forgiving such shortcomings, we must endeavor to reconstruct The Asiatic races cannot forget the long his- the Church and make it a love-organization. tory of Oriental invasions on the part of the white races. No matter how lavishly schools may be Lack of Vision built and. philanthropies conducted, the Orientals cannot believe from the bottom of their hearts in 7. In the seventh place, this book lacks idealthe religion of those who carry the sword in one ism. It lacks the flaming enthusiasm to Chrishand and the Bible in the other. The great rea- tianize the whole world. The trend is towards reson why the development of Christianity in Japan trenchment, rather, except in the rural districts. was retarded was because Spain and Portugal in- But if motley is lacking now, there are many ways vaded the Orient; nor can the Japanese people to work without it. Russia carried out a Fiveeven yet forget the revolt against the Japanese Year Plan without money, and after that a second Government on the part of the Japanese Roman Five-Year Plan. The apostle Paul was restrained Catholics of three hundred years ago ….. . by the Holy Spirit from going to Ephesus, but he made a great detour and reached it by way of The book does not demand repentance. If Greece and the sea. A plan of world evangelism Christianity is the innocuous thing this book rep- must inevitably involve changes; but it is against resents it to be, perhaps there is no need for re- the purpose of Christ to retrench! If there is no pentance. But the fact is that both the Orient and money to support missionaries, let us get together the Occident do need to repent. Jonah fled from and start many Gospel schools and thus create lay the call to preach repentance to Ninevah. Shall leaders; and continue doing so for many scores we Christians of the twentieth century seek to of years. There is need now to set up such agescape the necessity of preaching repentance to gressive constructive planning. Why not start our materialistic civilization? occupational evangelism on a world-wide scale? When even the Rotary Club has an occupational 6. In the sixth place, I am dissatisfied with the fraternity as wide as the world, why cannot those place this book gives to the Church. The idea of who belong to Christ achieve such constructive "Christian fellowship" is good, but why not call planning? that "the Church"? I believe we must strive after the unity implied in Christ's command to Peter 8. In the eighth place, this book has unforin Matthew 16: 18. The weakness of the Chris- tunately no vision of the Christianizing of the tian movement today is because the liberalists are economics of the Oriental countries. Weare not unified among themselves. Although this re- aware, both in China and Japan, that there is no port teaches humanism, and humanitarianism, way to save the laboring classes except through and church unity, forgetting creeds and denom- the cooperatives. And we believe that the moveinations-why does it go on to say that it is all ment of Christian Love has the possibility of ecoright to have separate fellowship outside the nomic realization only through these cooperatives. Church? That is inconsistent. Those who have If the Christians of the world will engage in experienced the Christ-Love of the Cross ought to gather themselves together into one Church,

world-wide cooperative movements, and plan in- ceed in a wonderful, mysterious manner. The ternational trade through the cooperatives, and Holy Spirit makes them successful. No evanalso educational cooperatives and mutual aid co- gelism is possible without prayer. The prayeroperatives, war will cease to exist. . . . .. Even the answering God leads on through His Holy Spirit. communistic movement will be powerless in the face of such a cooperative Christian movement. I am grieved to find that this Report is written The strength of the Marxism, Leninism and Ber- economically rather than religiously. It does not trand Russellism of today is derived from the anti- inspire me. And evangelism is impossible withreligionism aroused by the economic struggle for out inspiration. Those who wish to retreat had existence. Therefore only through the economic better do so; but let others who have been led by readjustment afforded by the cooperatives shall the Holy Spirit continue to cross the Pacific Ocean, we be able successfully to combat and annul such bearing the Cross of Christ. The Kingdom of "isms." ……. God Movement in Japan is not yet completed. The harvest is plenteous but the laborers are few. 9. In the ninth place, this book is very indif- I am still rising for prayer at midnight. This ferent towards the evangelistic work with which present age is evil. The age of Nero was also the missionaries are so deeply concerned. Its evil. But Christ's teachings at length conquered writers paid much attention to academic educa- the Roman Empire. Machine civilization is detion, but seem to have forgotten that evangelism plorable. But I am convinced that the Good News is an important variety of social adult education of Love through the Cross of Jesus Christ will and religious education. Academic education lead the Orient and the whole world into the alone is not the whole of education. Tent meet- light ….. . ings, street preaching, etc., are also social education. Foolish as this sort of evangelism may ap- I deplore the impression left, after reading the pear, it has achieved wonderful results in the book, that it lacks a supernatural basis. Can those Orient (1 Cor. 1: 18-25). In India there may be who think of continuing the movement started in some who object to it, but it was the method of the Book of Acts attempt to do so without the help Jesus Christ, and one of the ways by which Chris- of the Holy Spirit? …. " I repeat. Let us again tianity spread into the whole world ….. . meditate on the Cross, forgetting the distinction between "home" and "foreign" and endeavor to We must return to our pristine enthusiasm for save the last soul in the whole world. evangelism (Luke 10: 20). Does not Acts begin with an enthusiastic account of how three thou- AN ADMIRAL'S TRIBUTE sand repented as a result of one sermon by St. Peter? We must have a child-like spirit and be The Fourth Sea Lord of the British Navy, happy over one soul that has found salvation. Rear-Admiral Geoffrey Blake, at a meeting of the L. M. S., speaking on "Peace-Time Where Is the Holy Spirit? Work of the Navy in the South Seas," said: 10. In the tenth place, this book does not advise "Before I went out to the South Seas I us to do mission work through the guidance and often heard people say that missionaries, genpower of the Holy Spirit. Jesus Christ sent out erally speaking, were a nuisance; that they His seventy disciples to evangelize without purse didn't do any good; and that they were very or scrip, without even extra sandals. They be- fond of poking their noses into other people's lieved in the guidance of the Holy Spirit. In their lives. I was particularly interested to go train followed the Moravian missionaries. The through these islands and make a study of John Williams missionary party, too, in the time the work these missionaries had actually of the Napoleonic wars, left London for the South done. Doubtless there has been one here and Seas on the same basis. If money is not forth- there who wanted to go too far or too fast, coming, then money is not needed! Have we not but I am convinced they have done an enordedicated our very lives to Christ? mous amount of good, and speaking by and large, I take off my hat to them." We do not want to make the business of rethinking missions a thinking in terms of retrench- Men like this, who know something of the ment; but rather a re-thinking of a new strategy magnificent work that has been done by misof attack, on the world-wide field. When there sionaries, might help to dispel some of the ceases to be money in America, then America may fog that beclouds the mind of so many people cease to send out its missionaries.· Nevertheless, regarding the work of these Gospel pioneers there must remain many young people who de- throughout the world. – The Evangelical sire to dedicate their lives to foreign missions Christian. without receiving such high salaries as are paid now. Those who are led by the Holy Spirit suc- Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,=,~==========================~,~~ GLEANINGS FROM THE SEASON'S CONFERENCES Summer is the harvest time then that we sense our supreme gives her talk on the goal asfor new plans, programs, ideas dependence upon God. signed to her month, then lights and inspiration. Despite the Visualization and demonstra- her taper at the Christ Candle sorrow at universal retrench- tion were prominent in all the and takes her place back of the ments in money and field forces, new plans. An excellent one altar. October stands first at the Department Editor was whose .details and goals are the right, November first at the heartened in the course of her easily adaptable to the varying left, December second at the personal surveys of missionary needs of denominational groups right, and so on, until the full conferences by noting the new is entitled glowing arc is formed.

rootage that the Christian faith Our Altar of Lights October enters to the singing of has taken in the soil of the economic depression. "Never has "Bringing in the Sheaves" and speaks The twelve candles, represent- on the first goal-securing the mis- there been a clearer call to ad- ing goals, are in the stewardship sionary magazine for reading during venture in faith," was the key- colors, and one candle is to be note of one conference the writer "lighted" (by pasting on an oval the autumn evenings, remembering attended. "A new world is in of flame – colored, iridescent the missionaries hungry for the in- spiration our books and magazines afford them, etc.

the making. A new Christian paper) each month as its goal November, advancing to the music is attained. Thus 0 c t 0 b e r of "Come, Ye Thankful People, social order is beginning. A majors on magazine subscrip- Come," represents the children of the new fellowship among the na- tions; November on the stew- Pilgrims in the spirit of Thanksgivtions is being born. Every of- ardship reading course or a mis- ing and lights her candle typifyin~ the consecration of prayer, personalficer, every member is called today to be a real adventurer in sion study class; December on ity and possessions. the cultivation of junior and December music is "Joy to the faith, to help in bringing these young people's work, etc. The World," its representative linking up changes to complete realization. display of the "Altar Lights …… With full reliance upon with the Christmas theme. She leads in the singing of "Holy Night" and God, confident in His leadership, Chart" (see illustration) at each lights her candle with the prayer that meeting is an inspiration to the we may pass its gleam on' undimmed looking beyond all immediate attainment of the successive to a little child who will prove a goals. light-bearer for the Saviour. hardships, trouble and pain, let us venture forth in 1933-34 with The following introductory January enters to "This Is My joy and hope, in faith, carrying Father's WorId" and speaks on the Service of Lights (summarized His Light to the world ….. . for brevity) was arranged by keynote of new resolves and fresh The return to fundamental prin- Mrs. Howard Le Sourd, Na- beginnings. ciples, and the facing of stark tional Secretary of Student realities, call for pioneer quali- February marches up to the strains ties-a courage undaunted and Work, for the first autumn meet- of "America," gives a patriotic-mis- sionary talk and lights her candle that the names of Washington and a spirit serene." Said the leader ing at which the plan was to be Lincoln may not perish from the of a meeting at which the plans initiated. Young w 0 men – earth, since their inspiration came were presented: "Let's just stop typifying pure, unsullied Iives- from the same Light. talking about our losses and the were the participants. March keeps step to "Faith of Our Fathers" and speaks of this being a depression and get energetically The service centers about an holy month in that we remember the altar, where a tall "Christ passion of our Lord and seek to catch to work this fall on the new Candle" stands with a copy of His spirit of self-sacrifice. the Bible lying on a rich cloth as year's plans." * The strands of April's hymn is "Rejoice, Ye Pure its foundation. Each imperson- in Heart." She pleads for the makthe great cable of faith, which ing of an offering in memory of the lifts humanity to each new level, are usually woven in seasons of ator, b ear i n g an unlighted greatest of all offerings which culloss and disaster; for it is only candle, enters from the rear of 'minated in the Resurrection. the congregation, passes slowly May, entering to "Shepherd of • From the methods manual and plans ex- up the aisle to music by a hid- Tender Youth," recalls the story of ploited at Lakeside, Ohio, at conference of den choir, then facing about, Creation so appropriate to springthe Cincinnati District of the Methodist time. She lights her candle in honor Episcopal Woman's Foreign Mission Society, [ 503] of mothers and daughters who have Christianity and Industry in Prayer that in this age of woman in a common purpose of making Christ industry she may still realize her live in the hearts of men. Americat ideals for home and family.

June, with "Following the Gleam," CHAPTER 4: WAGES, HOURS, AND THE Supplementary Suggestions: goes up to tell of the Light of the LIFE MORE ABUNDANT.

World on the altars of the homes in I. Early regulations of working I. Assignments for talks: this month of roses and weddings. II. conditions. (a) Our state's laws affecting July, to "0 Beautiful for Spacious III. Wages in the United States. Skies," advances to give her talk on IV. women and children in the larger patriotism. 1. Growth of a social con- industry. V. (b) Migrant women and child August brings "0 Day of Rest and science. Gladness" and explains how vacation VI. 2. Discriminations against workers. has also its opportunities for mis- VII. (c) The present status of the sionary service. VIII. immigrant workers. The Negro in American labor. Child Labor Amend- September keeps step to "Bringing ment. in the Sheaves" as appropriate to the Industrial trends in the South. (d) What do the women's annual mite box opening. She makes Labor's share in the national a pledge of service as she lights her and children's bureaus candle and closes the missionary cycle. income. of the Department of At this point the altar girls What Labor wants. Labor do for women Shorter work day and week. step down into the audience and Summary. and children in indus- try? Aitn: To discover adjustments neces- II. Compile a list of household sary to "the life more abundant" labor saving devices made each lights the initial candle for industrial groups. possible through industry.

held by the woman at the end of Devotional Theme: A Laborer and III. Write a biography of Grace Aba row (small tapers with card- His Hire. Deut. 24: 14-16; Lev. IV. bott.

board bases to catch the drip- 19: 33-35; Col. 4: 1. Arrange in parallel columns all the influences you can think pings being used for all guests) , Prayer for groups affected by condi- tions discussed; for those having of which dwarf child life in the end-woman lighting the next candle in her row and so on un- power to regulate working condi- America, and all which entil everyone holds a glowing rich it. tions; gratitude for progress to- ward justice. V. Readings from "Poems of Child Labor." (National Child La- light. Returning to the plat- Supplementary Suggestions: bor Committee, 215 Fourth Avenue, New York City.) form, the twelve girls lead the I. Make surveys of wages, hours VI. Play by ch.ildren, "Ruth's Doaudience in singing "The Light of work, racial groups, Negro nation Party." labor, etc., in your community. of the World Is Jesus," all CHAPTER 6: THE BETTER WAY. candles being elevated at each II. Report on recent and pending repetition of that phrase. legislation relative to the ses- I. The Awakening Public Con- sion's topics. science. At the conclusion of the last verse, the girls form a human III. Review of "To make my bread." II. Labor Unions. cross thus: The first sits cross- IV. Locate coal areas in your state III. Cooperation versus Conflict. legged on the floor, the second IV. The Church and Industrial kneels closely behind her, the and define the present relathird kneels on a stool and the tionships between owners and Questions. fourth stands, the chin of each workers. V. Experiments in Industrial Cocoming just above the head of V. Talks on "Provision for the Wise Use of Leisure," "From operation. the one in front. When com- Mountaineer to F act 0 r y Hand," etc. Aim: To face the problems and as- VI. Discussions: Should cap ita I sume the responsibilities involved in progressing td an industrial which employs labor and labor order based upon Jesus' principles which produces capital share pleted, Nos. 1-5 form the lower equally in the income? In a of service. portion of the cross, 10-12 the upper portion, 6 and 8 the left time of unemployment, is a Devotional Theme: Living the Abun- community justified in deport- dant Life. Luke 12: 15; John 10: arm, and 7 and 9 the right arm. ing unnaturalized Mexicans 10; Ephesians 3: 14-19; 1 Cor. 2: 9. Each girl holds under her chin to give employment to Amera small flashlight covered with ican citizens? In discrim- Prayer of thanksgiving for the thin white paper twisted to a church and the unchanging Christ. inating between naturalized point at the top. When all are and native citizens? Supplementary Suggestions: in place, No. 1 turns on her flashlight and repeats "I am the CHAPTER 5: WOMEN AND CHILDREN I. Make an investigation of Labor Light of the World"; No.2, Union strength and influence IN INDUSTRY. today. How account for the changes? I. From cottage industry to fac- tory. similarly, repeats "He that fol- II. The woman wage earner. III. The child wage earner. II. Before Chapter 6, formulate a IV. Legislation affecting women and loweth Me," etc., and so on with set of ideals or attitudes for verses about light until the children. a Christian society on induswhole cross is aglow. This hu- Aim: To get a true picture of women trial questions. Read the man cross stays perfectly mo- and child workers and of a Chris- chapter. Then compare your set of ideals with those of- tionless while the choir sings tian society's obligation toward fered by the Federal Council.

"The Way of the Cross Leads them. III. Secure from headquarters in- Home." The audience departs formation regarding your desilently without closing words Devotional Theme: Women and Chil- dren and the Abundant Life. Provo nomination's attitude toward or benediction. This may well 31: 10-31; Zach. 8: 5. social and industrial probbecome a service of deep consecration that will repay all the t From outline of study course as taught lems. effort of preparation. IV. Discussion Topics: by Mrs. B. P. Heubner at the Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, Interdenominational School of (a) What is the Christian's Missions. See September issue of THE RE· responsibility for so- VIEW for studies on Chapters 1-3, inclusive. cial legislation?

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

~up1lta1t of£t!]hts .

r, I (b) What is the spiritual re- over. This is as it should be differ from the needs of people living sponsibility 0 f th e in other countries? church in these times? among our "Builders of aNew What changes would you like to see World." Each denomination has (c) Would it be a step for- take place within the next ten years ward or backward for issued its own leader's manualfl that would contribute to the building the church to recom- mend specific mea s- for these books. The program of a Christian world? What will you ures and candidates? do about them? guide, Now East, Now West, How many kinds of imported goods (d) What hymns in you I' presented at the Disciples' con~ hymnal are out of date go to make up your attire? How socially? ferences for young people, be- many kinds of imported foods do you (e) Which, in your opinion, gan with the familiar poem, "In eat? List the countries that daily are modern in social provide you with food and clothing. thinking? Christ There Is No East Nor Do you think Christianity is of suffi- West," and included in its fea- V. List specific ways in which cient importance to make it worth your "abundant life" is af- tures two of especial interest. A sharing with others? Write two or fected favorably or adversely by industrial conditions. personal question or problem three reasons. appeared at the close of each Another outstanding feature VI. Conduct a "Friendship Tour." month's program page, with a of this program guide was its (Must be carefully prepared blank space in which the young "Book of the Month" page on for, conducted and followed person was asked to record pre- which was listed an outstanding up.) vious to the meeting his ideals, volume related, in most cases, to attitudes or ideas on the ques- the theme of each month. If the VII. Thought suggestion: What can tion. These questions were to member had already read a I do to help realize the Chris- form the basis of discussion in given book, he or she was in- tian goal in industry? (Put the meetings, after which fur- structed to check it and insert on paper.) ther notes might be written in the name of another in a space the space as an outgrowth of the provided, the goal being, "Every Conference Briefs service. Think that over and member reading at least one discover for yourself its sound book each month related to the It was cheering to note, in the mental and missionary psy- general theme." Think of the various study book presenta- chology. Some of the questions . effect of twelve constructive, intions, that the year's books for spirational books a year upon young people and seniors have were: no invidious "Home" and "For- What do you consider your funda- the missionary outlook of the eign" discriminations but dis- mental needs? In what ways do they future! cuss topics bearing upon the missionary enterprise the world

The United Lutheran helps plan was easily adj ustable to any to-the-minute information and for the younger children were material. It was intended as a news.

complete and impressive. The vehicle for introducing the new The leader closes by saying lessons for Beginners, called study books in so simple a dra- she hopes the books will be kept "Jesus' Friendly Helpers," were matic form that the smaller busy all the year, and that she based on the idea that little chil- churches and missionary or- proposes to put them into cir-· dren want to help because of ganizations would have no diffi- culation at once, all through the their desire to do, their love of culty in using it with limited audience. All volumes thus ex- companionship and their natural personal resources. The litera- ploited should actually be on tendency to imitate. The les- ture secretary might appro- hand to be loaned or sold at the sons were so prepared as to priately take charge and "show" end of the meeting.:j: guide and enlarge this desire the books. Mrs. E. C. Hayes, of Ottawa, until a really worldwide altruis- "Those representing the books Kansas, used a delightful plan tic motive should be developed, should file in and stand in a row called "The Northern Baptist the first training in missionary with their backs to the audience. Convention at Ottawa." At the service being to provide ways in Each one should wear a paper close of the Convention last which children can participate jacket made of plain wrapping June, she had the meeting place in doing good. "The first step paper, or colored paper if de- of the children's missionary orin missionary training," says sired. It can be very simply ganization in her church decothe manual, "is to cultivate a made-straight back and front, rated with pictures of people and habit of doing something for sleeveless and opening down the things that were features of others; and 'others' may be front. The name of the book that national meeting, and took plants, animals or persons. The should appear across the back the young audience on a tour of second step is to cultivate a in large colorful letters so that inspection, explaining as she habit of helping those smaller, it can be easily read. These went. Then the president of the weaker or poorer than ourselves. names may be printed in colored organization impersonated the The third step is to cultivate a crayons or cut-out letters of president of the Convention, habit of making everyone bright colored paper ….. When called the meeting to order, happy. Having accomplished the leader announces the name used the Scripture and songs of this, we shall have missionaries of a book, the person represent- the original program, etc. An- in embryo." This preparatory ing that book will turn and other member impersonated Dr. psychology for missions is worth speak, then turn again with her Abernathy, who had made the thinking about. back to the audience as soon as welcoming address, and gave his The next grade of lessons for she finishes. Thus the names of own version of the address, and young children had definite mis- the books will be constantly be- so on through leading features sionary themes but with an fore the audience. At the clos- of the great meeting. Needless abundance of handwork so used ing speech of the leader, the to say a considerable bit of the as not merely to amuse but to inspiration of the Northern Bapdeepen the impression of the 'books' will scatter through the tist Convention was thus car- audience and be seated. The ried over to the home comtheme. The third set developed names of the people participat- munity. in the children the sense of be- ing should not be announced." ing fellow workers with God, in ONE-MINUTE PROGRAM common with Christians all If desired, children dressed in TUCK-INS around the world; deepened costumes of the lands exploited their sense of stewardship by in beginners' and primary books What is the greatest obstacle making real their own definite may be included in the "book to missionary work in the Orishare and responsibility, and shelf." Each book, speaking for ent? America. suggested the fact that new itself, gives an attractive review of its contents. When but one When there are more nights friends of Jesus in distant lands book remains unintroduced, the of prayer there will be more often followed him more whole- leader says: "There is one days of power. heartedly than do Christians in other occupant of this shelf. our own land. This is a marked Down at the end of the row you Let us beware lest some of advance over former hop-skip- will see something done in black our sacrifices are like that of and-a-jump missionary meetings and white. What are you, any- the small boy who, when he was for the little folks. way?" Here a person in a asked what he would be willing newspaper or magazine jacket to give up during Lent, replied, The writer picked up a simple turns quickly and answers in "Watermelon." terms of whatever missionary dramatization called "The Book magazine is desired, saying that A lad, headed for a mission- ary meeting, was asked where Shelf" when browsing around at he was going. He replied: "I gave those folks a nickel last the Disciples' literature exhibit at the Lakeside Conference.

While incorporating the Amer- while the books are being read year and I wanted to find out ican Indian and Chinese themes and studied, she (the magazine) what they did with it." of last year's united study, the will be needed every month of :I The Book Shelf. Missions Building, Inmaterial was timeless and the the year to bring the most up- dianapolis, Indiana. Price, 10 cents. BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~~~I ===========================I~ A CALL TO PRAYER Mount the picture so that it Goes Out to All People may be stood on a table facing the audience. Arrange an ap- "Pray for the peace of Jerusalem propriate curtain in front of the They shall prosper that love Thee." picture so that it can easily be "If with all your hearts ye truly unveiled at the proper time. seek Me, ye shall ever truly find Me; Thus saith the Lord." Opening hymn: "Jesus the Very Thought of Thee" (Ber- You are invited to unite in a nard of Clairvaux). fellowship of prayer the world around on the Meditation: The leader may here direct the thought of the WORLD DAY OF PRAYER group to ideas centering around FEBRUARY 16, 1934 the appearance and character of Christ, or he may use the beau- "PRAY FOR THE PEACE tiful "Meditation Concerning the OF JERUSALEM" Nazarene" which can be secured by sending a three-cent stamp Pray-Prayer is consciously to to the Missionary Education enter God's presence; to speak Movement. to Him and to hear Him speak. After the leader closes the Pray for peace, peace in our meditation the pianist may play heart-Peace is the rich soil the music of "Majestic Sweet- in which all fair things grow. ness Sits Enthroned." After it "Whatever we think and feel will color what we say or do. has been played through once He who fears, even uncon- sciously, or who has his least "THE NAZARENE" the leader should say quietly little dream tainted with hate, "Let us all sing." While the first will inevitably, sooner or later, This remarkable new picture stanza is being sung draw back translate these two qualities of Christ by Colonel H. Stanley the curtain thus unveiling the into his action." "Blessed are Todd, distinguished American picture. If possible have an elec- the peace-makers": they are portrait painter, was dedicated tric light fixed so that its illumi- God's children. to the cause of missions at Chi- nation can be turned on the pic- Pray for the peace of Jeru- cago on July 16, 1933, while the ture as it is unveiled. salem- picture was on exhibition at the It is the hope of Col. Todd and Century of Progress Exposition. of the leaders of the missionary Our home town-The place Learning that the mission study enterprise that this modern con- we know best: the streets theme for the current year is ception of Christ may help us all that take us to our daily Christ and the Modern World, to take more seriously our rela- work: May peace dwell Col. Todd gave the reproduction tion to Christ and the modern there! rights of his picture to the Mis- world. In 2 Cor. 4: 6, St. Paul sionary Education Movement so writes, "Light shall shine out of The Holy Church through- that Nazarene, a great modern darkness" …… to give the light out the world. May the conception of Christ, might help of the knowledge of the glory of peace "That surpassed all rally the thought of the churches God in the face of Jesus Christ, our dreams" rest upon around this theme. the Church of God! shall we not today dedicate our- For a Worship Service it is selves anew to the glorious task The Program, "Pray for the suggested that you secure a large of making Christ live among Peace of Jerusalem," is 2 cents, reproduction of Nazarene (avail- men everywhere throughout this $2.00 per 100. This Call is free. able from Missionary Education modern world? The Poster (llxl7 inches) is 5 Movement, 150 Fifth Avenue, cents. Supplies should be or- New York, sepia 12×16 inches, . Strong Son of God immortal love, dered from headquarters of the fifty cents; 20×26 inches, one Whom we that have not seen Thy face, denominational mission boards. By Faith, and faith alone, embrace, dollar; 12×15 inches colored, Believing where we cannot prove.

$1.50) . -Tennyson.

[507 ] CHAUTAUQUA HOME MIS- tions in their separate mission Department 0 f International SIONS INSTITUTE enterprises. The Government is Justice and Goodwill of the Fed- ready to cooperate and the re- eral Council, gave a stirring ad- On Sunday afternoon, August sponsibility for the religious dress on "The Churches versus 13, the twenty-third Home Mis- education among the boys and the War System." sions Institute, directed by the girls is the responsibility of the Council of Women for Home Church. Another unique interdenom- Missions, opened at Chautauqua, inational adventure presented in N. Y. At the opening session in On the fourth day Mrs. Daniel the forum hours was the work Amphitheatre, Dr. F. Ernest A. Poling, President of the carried on in Santo Domingo. Johnson, Executive Secretary of Council, presented the national Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, President the Department of Research and scope of the migrant problem. of the Board for Christian Work Education of the Federal Coun- Mr. Thomas Chiavetta, Super- in Santo Domingo, related the cil of the Churches of Christ in visor of the town of Brant, N. Y., thrilling story of the develop- America, sounded the challenge where one of the migrant proj- ment of this work and showed that faces the Church today in ects is carried on by the Council, clearly the tremendous advanrelation to the great issues con- told concretely the problems of tages of its being carried on infronting the world. On the fol- the community and the problems terdenominationally. lowing days of the week various of the farmers in relation to the phases of the missionary enter- migrant families who are im- In the fourth forum hour misprise were presented and stud- ported for the harvest season. sionaries from the different deied. In the first hour each day Miss Edith E. Lowry, Secretary nominations brought the mem- Mrs. F. C. Reynolds, member of for the Migrant Work of the bers of the Institute into intithe Board of Trustees of the Council, described how a mi- mate touch with the mission task Woman's Home Missionary So- grant center is organized. With by telling the story of their ciety, Met hod i s t Episcopal this background in mind the pro- work in different areas. Church, led the mission study gram at a migrant center was class taking the book, "Christ demonstrated by a group of the In the last forum hour, Dr. and the Modern World," by Dr. migrant children who were Daniel A. Poling challenged the Hugh T. Kerr, as a basis for brought down from the migrant Institute with an address on study. The second period was center at Brant, N. Y., by Miss "Christian Citizenship." These the hour of worship. Dr. Miles Helen White and Miss Ruth Hall forum hours were outstanding. H. Krumbine was the Chaplain who were in charge of the center. for the week. Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, Chairman The following day the World of the Committee on Chautauqua Programs and Methods Day of Prayer was presented. of the Council, and formerly Mrs. J. H. Rush, of Canada, and President of the Council, reports The third hour each day was Mrs. Daniel A. Poling described that the Institute this year has devoted to programs and meth- this unique Day of Prayer as it proven exceptionally satisfacods for enlisting others in the is observed throughout the tory and profitable in every way, missionary task and was directed world in fifty-eight countries. with an attendance exceeding by Mrs. Mary D. White, Asso- The next observance falls on that of last year. ciate Secretary of the Congrega- February 16, 1934. tional Church Extension Boards. Prayer Seminar On the first two days the wide "Thou 0 Lord, pro v ide s t scope of the missionary task and A new feature of the Home enough 'tor all men with Thy the relation of young people to Missions Institute program was most liberal and bountiful hand; the task were under considera- the Seminar held in the early but whereas Thy gifts are, in re~ tion. afternoon. Dr. Carl August spect of Thy goodness and free Voss, pastor of the German favor, made common to all men, On the third day, Mrs. Fred Evangelical Protestant Church we (through our naughtiness, S. Bennett, Chairman of the of Pittsburgh, Pa., was the niggardship, and distrust) do Special Committee on Religious leader of this Seminar. It was make them private and peculiar. Work Directors in United States felt that this met a real need of Correct Thou the thing, which Indian Schools, presented the in- many who wanted a more con- our iniquity hath put out of terdenominational program car- centrated study of the mission order."-Meditation on Poverty ried on by the Council of Women task than is possible in the larger in "The Way of Light," by Howfor Home Missions and the group. ard Chandler Robbins. Home Missions Council. She called attention to the tremen- Forums WHAT WE NEED dous opportunity that was open to the Church for reaching thou- The forum hours held in the We do not need more intellectual sands of Indian boys and girls Hall of Philosophy were un- power; in the Government I n d ian usually stimulating. The first, schools in comparison with the on "The Church and the Eco- We need more spiritual power. relatively small number being nomic Crisis," was led by Dr. reached by the many denomina- F. Ernest Johnson. Dr. Walter We do not need more knowledge; W. Van Kirk, Secretary of the We need more character.

We do not need more law; We need more religion.

-Calvin Coolidge.

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

IX THE HALL OF RELIGIOl' AT THE CE:Tl'RY OF PROGRESS EXPOSITIOl'

The Home Missions Council the most interesting buildings on Presbyterian Church, U. S., Execuand the Council of Women for tive Committee. Home Missions have an exhibit the grounds and is drawing mul- Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., Board at the Century of Progress Ex- titudes of people. They swarm of National Missions. position in Chicago. into the building by the thou-· Reformed Church in America, Board While it is simple and inex- sands. Some glance for a mo- of Domestic Missions. pensive in set-up, it suggests the ment at its exhibits as they pass main lines of Home Missions through, but many hundreds Reformed Church in America, Womwork, and carries out the coop- each day stop to examine the ex- en's Board of Domestic Missions. erative idea. The pictures on the wall are illuminated. The Reformed Church, U. S., Woman's diorama of Migrant Work is dis- Missionary Society. played with lighting effects. Beautifully printed placards an- hibits and take such free litera- Church of United Brethren in Christ. nounce the names of the Councils and the thirteen cooperating ture as is provided. For Immediate Action boards and societies. The me- The following groups are cochanical model of one of the factories of the Goodwill Industries, operating in the exhibit: World Disarmament Campaign Ocwhich stands in front of the exhibit, serves to arrest the atten- American Baptist Home Mission So- tober 1-15. The organized peace forces tion of visitors. ciety. of the world are uniting in a cam- The Hall of Religion is one of Woman's American Baptist Home paign for disarmament which will Mission Society. culminate in a great World Disarm- Congreg-ational C h u r c h Extension ament Meeting at Geneva on October Boards. 15, the day before the opening of the American Missionary Association. World Disarmament Conference. This Evangelical Synod of North America. Geneva meeting will be preceded by a thousand disarmament meetings in Methodist Episcopal Church, Board Great Britain and France, and it is of Home Missions and Church Ex- planned to hold an equal number in tension. the United States. Participation in M~thodist Episcopal Church, Wom- this campaign is being urged by the an's Home Missionary Society. National Peace Conference. I Our World–wide Outlook ~I'='~====A=M=is=sion=ary~N~ew~spa=per=of~Cu=rre=nt ~Eve=nts=~==~~~ WESTERN ASIA There are approximately 8,000 "If there are disheartening Jews in Beirut, with little of the facts in the present situation, Working in Syria national and religious exclusive- there are also those which fill us ness which so often characterizes with joy and hope. Easter Day The Christian Alliance Mis- the Jews in other parts, and no in Bahrain was one of the hapsion has recently held a series of missionary is employed to work piest we have experienced. Four special evangelistic services in among them. The opportuni- converts from Islam were bap- Syria, an Egyptian evangelist, ties in this city are great. A tized ; one woman and three Mr. Barnaba, giving the mes- Call to Prayer was issued in young men." sages. Converts testified to 1932 by the Sub-Committee of their new faith in Christ in the the United Missionary Council. Dr. John Van Ess, of the same face of jeers and curses from "There are approximately 100,- mission, writes from Burah: opponents. The series closed 000 Jews in Iraq, 80,000 of with baptismal and communion whom are resident in Baghdad "It would have done you good service. alone, and no organized effort is to see in what a splendid spirit being made for their evangeliza- the native staff of our workers Among those converted at tion. There appears to be a took the omission of the April Ezra'a was a remarkable Mos- spirit of inquiry on the part of payment. There was not a murlem. The evangelist was obliged many of the Jews in this area." mur, but rather a sense of privito leave before this man was lege that they were called upon baptized. No one else was there No Depression in Turkey to share the burden. It is sigto perform the rite so he went nificant too, that in this month to the water, sang and baptized Paul E. Nilson, of Talas, Asia six Moslem converts have been himself. This man does not Minor, testifies to Turkey's baptized, and more are in prosknow how to read or write, but solidity. pect." others read to him, and the -The Christian Intelligencer. Lord gives him a remarkable In Turkey seventy-five per cent of memory in retaining important the people live in villages and farm. INDIA AND CEYLON passages. He has been arrested With the world suffering from the and taken to court three times, depression the rural population of Temples Opening to but he testifies in the court. Now Turkey is hardlly affected. True, "Untouchables" others are coming to him for in- there is no money, but there is food struction. -Alliance Weekly. for all, old clothes are patched again, A weekly paper, published in and everyone has a roof over his Poona to promote the abolition Jewish Missions in the Near head. For safety, sociability and wa- of untouchability, says that East ter the farmers live in villages of Hindu temples are being opened from 50 to 400 houses, from which to untouchables at the rate of 32 The Jewish Committee of the they go out daily to their fields, or- a month. Some of these have Near East Christian Council re- chards and vineyards. These produce been strongholds of opposition. ports that a group of those en- enough food so that a village can be During the five months ending gaged in or interested in Jewish shut off from the city without lacking June 17 about 160 temples were missionary work met in Jeru- for anything except luxuries. For- so thrown open and it is besalem to discuss questions con- merly each village produced its clothes lieved that this movement will nected with J"ewish evangelism. from cotton or wool. Almost every spread. A preliminary survey was made villager has a few sheep, goats and of all the types and groups of cows. Farm tools are very simple. Before and After Jews in Jerusalem and the vari- Since the farm produces little money ous attempts made to evangelize there is a yearly exodus during the Indian village surveys under them. There is a considerable four summer months of stone-masons, direction of the National Chrisamount of overlapping yet the plasterers and painters, who go to the tian Council reveal some intervarious agencies at work reach coast cities for work. Half of the esting facts. In one village a the majority of divisions of boys in our school come from such Hindu farmer, a Mohammedan Jewry-geographical, social, na- villages. They have no cash and poor schoolmaster, and six or eight tional and religious divisions. clothes, but good brains and bodies. important men were asked ques- The student class, however, was tions such as: "Do the Chrisfor the most part out of touch -Congregationalist. tians drink?" "Do they eat carwith any of the existing evan- rion ?" "Do they quarrel ?" Ingelistic agencies. Converts Take "Cuts" variably the a n s w e r came: Rev. B. D. Hakken, of the Arabian Mission of the Re- formed Church in America, sends encouraging news: [ 510 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"They used to, before the teacher Christians from all Protestant denom- Old Testament stories published in 1932, all of which fill a need came." The teacher is a trained inations in the Telugu area. It was in- in the spiritual life of the Semas. worker who costs the mission deed an inspiring sight to see some fifteen thousand Christians, all seated only $5 a year, the rest of his on the groqnd, under an immense pan- – Watchman-Examiner. da!, listening with eager attention to maintenance being provided by the inspirational messages which Walked Seventy Miles to a the villagers and a small govern- came from the speakers of the meet- Convention ment grant. ings. Some of these people had come Who would be willing to walk -Watchman-Examiner. from five hundred miles distance, and seventy miles to attend a conven- many had walked more than seventy- tion? It is sometimes done in Untouchability Campaign five miles in order to attend. The speakers, seven of whom were Indians In seeking to lift the great un- and seven foreign, represented five India. A Baptist missionary, touchability campaign abo v e different denominations and came E. C. Erickson, of Sattenpalle, from seven different missions. The writes that 12,000 people atmere technicalities, and in em- unanimity of thought expressed tended the great Andhra Chrisphasizing the importance of through the whole session, and the moral reformation among the fellowship exemplified by such a gath- tian Convention at Bezwada in ering, made a deep impression upon Telugu country. This great outcastes themselves, Mr. Gand- all who attended. It cannot be gathering, with representatives hi is rendering great service to doubted that the fruit of this great from fourteen Protestant denom- gathering will be felt in the days to inations, demonstrated t hat India. He says: "I wish that in- come throughout the Telugu area, es- stead of engaging in fruitless controversy about what is and pecially in the lives of many who re- Christians can work side by side. consecrated themselves to God's servwhat is not contained in the ice. ' The convention hall accommo- Shastras about untouchability, dated the vast crowds and in adwe would apply ourselves to An Indian Juvenile Mission dition to the main hall there was ameliorating the conditions of Zion Church, Madras, has an a smaller one for 1,000 women. so-called untouchables. There is active Juvenile Missionary As- – Watchman-Examiner.

work enough and to spare." Con- sociation, whose membership is Training Village Teachers cerning the need of stressing alive to the opportunities of the internal reform among the out- day, and is applying itself to The Chapra Training School castes themselves, he says: for Village Teachers, which was "Workers should devote all their meet them. Since 1917 the As- begun by the churches and misenergy to (1) the promotion of sociation has been responsible for evangelistic and educational sions in Bengal, has now comcleanliness and hygiene among the Harijans; (2) improved work in a village school. pleted five years of work, and has a clientele covering most of methods of carrying on scaveng- Another recent venture is ing and tanning; (3) giving up among the criminal tribes near the missions in Bengal. A better Pannal, where work was initi- type of student is attending, carrion and beef, if not meat altogether; (4) giving up intoxi- ated by the Salvation Army but many having been in high school. cating liquors; (5) inducing discontinued through lack of The government now gives the stipend grant on a three-year parents to send their children to funds. About 150 families 'live basis. In April the 18 students day schools, and parents them- in the criminal settlement, and selves to attend night schools; the J. M. A. is starting a day went out to the village schools (6) abolition of untouchability school and a night school. They in the neighborhood, where they among outcastes themselves." propose to open another, for which land was purchased two worked with the schoolmasters It is hoped that Mr. Gandhi's years ago. A Christian engineer, and were visited two or three influence shall not so mislead In- Mr. Kuriyan, gives his spare times by the staff of the training dia as to result in strengthening idolatry. What the untouchables time to the leadership of this school. The experience was not really need is not the opportu- band of young people. only helpful to the students but nity of bowing down to an idol, enabled the staff to see how its -C. M. S. Outlook. teaching is put into practice.

During a part of the year stubut water to drink from India's A Wonderful Work in Assam dents went to a Christian home wells, right of entry for their One of the miracles of modern in the village of Chapra and conchildren into schools, social priv- mISSIOns is the evangelistic ducted meetings, and formed ileges, and the power of divine movement a m 0 n g the Sema Nagas of Assam. Rev. B. I. singing bands. grace to save them from lifelong Anderson, Baptist missionary, -National Christian Council evil habits. -Dnyanodaya. Review.

Telugu Christian Gathering writes that there is now a Chris- Child Protection in Ceylon tian community of more than From Miss Helen Bailey, Bap- 4,000, and that it is increasing The Child Protection Society tist teacher at Ongole, South In- at the rate of 500 a year. In publishes a quarterly bulletin dia, comes an account of a fifteen of the fifty-five villages and pamphlets in three vernacu- remarkable interdenominational there are now Christian work- lars for wide distribution among gathering of Telugu Christians: ers. A translation of the Gos- teachers, social workers and This spring there was held in pel of Mark and a new songbook newspapers. The Society dealt Bezwada a gathering of Telugu were published in 1931; also with 91 cases of cruelty during

the past year. The Bulletin de- Tent Evangelism General Assembly in Amoy scribes one of the evils which the Mr. Su, seller of Chinese and Dr. A. J. Fisher, Acting Gen- Society combats: foreign medicine in Yanghsien, eral Secretary of the Church of is a church member, a scholar, Christ in China, writes of plans In European countries it is the ex- widely read, and an original for the third General Assembly, eeption to find people of humble rank employing servants. In Ceylon cases repeatedly come to light of people thinker. From him came the to meet in Amoy, October 20, and living in sordid and poverty-stricken suggestion to form an evangelis- continue for ten days. Among surroundings being served by several tic project for South Shensi, to the special topics for considerawretched little children, who are half itinerate with a Gospel tent. On tion are self-support; stewardfed and unpaid. The first thing is to create a public May 30, thirteen Chinese and ship; youth in the church; Qpinion by making vivid the dreadful picture; cases of appalling cruelty one foreigner, with a large tent Christianizing the home; relimust be seen to be believed. Some of and all the paraphernalia needed gious education program; social for a stay in the country, set out, us need a lot of arousing before we betterment, looking towards a sit up and take notice of what is go- singing as they went. Preach- practical application of Chrising on around us, but the awakening ing and personal work round out tianity to social conditions as has to be done. a full day, and the first fruits they exist in China today; the Juvenile courts have not yet hold promise of a valuable work Christian weekly newspaper; been instituted, though the ques- in that district. tion has been submitted to the book of worship, hymnal, etc., Home Minister. -China's Millions. and cooperation in the face of -Anti-Slavery Reporter. the present crisis.

CHINA Witch Testifies for Christ Doctor Does More Than Heal Missionaries Evacuate Rev. Hollis W. Smith, of Lang- Dr. Thornton Stearns, pro- zok, sends the following story: fessor of surgery at Shantung British missionaries of the "In a village which contained Christian University, Tsinan, China Inland Mission have been fourteen Christian families a China, and a member of the staff compelled to evacuate their sta- non-Christian home became, to of the university hospital, retions in five cities in the Prov- all appearances, possessed of a cently held a retreat with about ince of Szechwan, China. This demon. Unaccountable things one hundred university students. was due, no doubt, to a recrudes- happened in the house. All were Of this, a Presbyterian evancence of communist activities, very much upset and unhappy. gelist, says: "It is a challenge similar to those which caused an This went on for some days, in to us who are in the ministry to evacuation of missionaries from spite of all that could be done in see this medical man winning the same cities last spring. a heathen way for peace. Finally souls all the time. His work a witch was called in to find out grew from two boys, three years -Alliance Weekly. what was the matter and the ago, to over a hundred and fifty." remedy if any. The witch came How to Save China and did her stuff. When she had -Presbyterian Advance.

A young Chinese student in finished her seance she reported Gospel Boat in Cochin-China the Hsien Beh Middle School of that there was a demon, all right, the United Norwegian Lutheran and to the amazement of all said Christian Alliance mission- Church at Fancheng was told to that the only remedy was the aries opened work in Cochin- write an essay on "How to Save Christian God. Her reason for China in 1918, and in 1929 China." His effort was so re- this was that their house was launched a chapel house boat, markable that Missionary Lan- shut in by the houses of Chris- called Tin Lanh or "Good News." dahl had it translated and the tians, hence the only place a An Annamese pastor became Lutheran Herald published it. devil could work was in their the captain of the Tin Lanh; After a well condensed review started off with a colporteur and of the t r 0 ubi e s of China, house. We were sent for and two other men for his crew. Up "brought on by internal dissen- after careful questioning ap- and down the Mekong and the sion and foreign oppression," pointed a service for enrolling network of rivers and canals, the family as enquirers. At this this Gospel ship has been plying the young patriot concludes: service the whole Christian com- "We all know that the politics of munity turned out. An enor- for four years. They visited 871 China, the hearts of the people, mous amount of superstitious homes during 90 days, preachare full of cheating, dishonesty paraphernalia was rem 0 v e d ing to thousands of people at and selfishness. Hence you must from the house and burned; night. One hundred and fiftyhave your bad hearts changed to Christian pictures and texts eight Bibles, New Testaments good ones so that you will be were put up instead. Now one just, righteous and faithful. and Gospel portions were sold, and 251 booklets. One hundred Jesus alone can do that for you. more family is peaceful, and and forty-eight people accepted Come to Jesus, confess your sins, under regular instruction for Christ; a church has been orbelieve His Word. Then we can membership in the Christian ganized and other groups meet save China by using God's Church. regularly as a result of this boat force." -Southern Churchman. work. -Alliance Weekly.

1933J OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

JAPAN-CHOSEN Sunday schools, and there are I believe that unless we have a mu- "Widely Loving Society" about sixty children in the kin- When Jitsunosuke Kobashi, tual aid cooperative movemeN.t it will dergarten. Weekly preaching be difficult to secure world peace. services and Sunday schools are There are four kinds of pacifists: (1) held at Ishibashi and Mikuni, The sentimental pacifists. They are who died on June 19 at the age near-by towns, and there is an- emotional. They don't like to fight. of sixty, was baptized with his other Sunday school at Naka- I like that kind of sentiment. But elder brother by Bishop Williams machi. They also carryon work they are very individualistic and fail of Japan over forty years ago, at Juso, where there are thirty- to see through the social turmoil. (2) nine members and a Sunday The moral pacifists. Conscientious they used all of their property school of forty-six. objectors belong to this class. I like to start the "Widely Loving So- -World Outlook. them very much. They are couraciety" Orphanage for baby orphans and children thrown away geous. But their standpoint is in- dividualistic also. (3) Rational pac- ifists. Such are the promoters of the by their parents. Today there The Suicide Epidemic League of Nations, the World Court, are between one hundred and etc. These movements come from ra- The suicide epidemic has de- tional idealism, which unfortunately one hundred and fifty children veloped, according to Japanese in the Orphanage. They are kept lacks economic foundation. (4) Eco- nomic pacifists. Most of the wars of until old enough to work for police records. Since the first the nineteenth and twentieth centuries arose from economic causes. Unless their own living. Those who of this year 43 persons have thrown themselves into a vol- we attain to permanent peace in the have gone out have made a splen- cano's crater. The estimate vf realm of economics, it will be imposdid record, bearing testimony to sible to secure social welfare and the strong Christian influence of one Tokyo newspaper is that world peace. If we Christians do not the Home. more' than 200 have committed move toward the cooperative idea our suicide in 1933. The Japanese Some children of a mountain theory of life which sponsors position will remain very theoretical. district of northern Japan, or- Only through Christian idealism will the cooperative movement come to its phaned by a disastrous earth- these weird proceedings, as one own. quake, were brought to the newspaper puts it, is something Home, and when they grew up like this: "A trip to the far, far Comparative Religions went back to their homes. away land of eternal bliss, there To the question whether or not Bishop Tucker, at that time a to live in ceaseless ecstasy, un- all religions were impotent in missionary in Japan, took a long molested by petty jealousy and such a crisis as the Sino-Japajourney to that far-off district worldly cares, is, in its early, nese controversy a Chinese Y. M.

and there found a whole chain of crude and simple form the idea C. A. secretary in Tokyo replied: little churches started and reg- of suicide." This newspaper is "N0 group of Japanese Chrisularly served by these former endeavoring to prove that there tians has donated a 'patriotic inmates of the Widely Loving is nothing beautiful in plung- airplane' to its military leaders Society Orphanage. ing into the pit of a crater; that for the sake of bombing China, -Southern Churchman. death is gruesome, not beautiful, as the devotees of other religious Steady Growth and that there can be no eternal sects have been doing extensively peace in such a course of action. of late." This observation points to the need for strengthening In 1922 the nucleus of a prom- -The Christian Graphic. Christian missions in a militaryising work was found in Toyo- minded country not one per cent naka. In a rented room Sunday Baptist Work Consolidated of whose population is as yet school and preaching service's Christian. In his inauguration were held. Time went on and The Northern Baptist Mission address, Dr. Y. Abe, new presifirst a lot was purchased, then in Japan has practically lost its dent of Aoyama Gakuin Methplans drawn for a church. The identity as a mission, having odist College in Tokyo, saw fit to Southern Methodist Mission sold entered closer relationship with place loyalty to Christ before some property in Osaka and the Japanese organization. An loyalty to fatherland. granted Yen 1,500 from the pro- Executive Board has been orceeds, the congregation putting ganized on which there are nine -Christian Century. Japanese and three missionaries. into the building Yen 4,200 All general work is now their Good News from Korea (twice their promise). Later responsibility. Mr. and Mrs. H. they bought another piece of B. Benninghoff and Mr. and Mrs. Fruits of the Forward Moveland and erected a kindergarten J. F. Gressitt were among those ment are noticed in a deepened building without help from the honored for having completed interest in Bible study among twenty-five years of service. the students, in evidence that the mission. The next move was to Scripture is being discussed add more land and build a par- -The Christian Graphic.

sonage. Kagawa's Pacifism around family dinner tables, and They have today, after ten in the increased attendance at years, Yen 35,000 worth of prop- Writing in the United Church the Bible Institutes. One young erty, in a church, kindergarten Review for June, Toy 0 h i k 0 man, having read the booklet, and parsonage, with 338 tsubo Kagawa has this to say on "Co- "The Life of Christ," through so of valuable land. Church mem- ope rat ion, Christianity and many times that he could almost bership is 156, with 214 in the World Peace": recite it, sought the nearest

church and astonished everyone and articles embodying the pur- out these mountain tribes, and with his knowledge and zeal. In pose and desire of the Society carry the Gospel to them. distributing tracts along coun- have been written and adopted. R. A. JAFFRAY. try roads, one is surprised with Pledge cards have been distribthe eagerness with which they uted and a systematic monthly A Philippine Precedent are received and at the favor- income assured. The money is For the first time in history, a able attitude. One young man primarily for extending the Gos- set of official stamps for use on thanked the itinerator and asked pel. It is expected that the letters has been printed by a govif he would not come to his vil- membership will include outlying ernment department, the profit lage and preach to his father. branches – especially from the on which is to be paid over to a These experiences are frequent. other mission fields where Chris- religious organization in recog- Five colporteurs conducted a tian Alliance missionaries are nition of the help given by miswhirlwind campaign on the working. -The Pioneer. sionaries to the country. This island of Vllong Do and scat- is in the Dutch East Indies, tered the VVord throughout the Latest News from Bali where the government has island. A young man there, printed four sets of stamps visiting a friend, found a por- Since the report that 105 Bali- which are sold at a small addition of the Scriptures and after nese had been baptized, the Chi- tional fee, for the help of Salvareading it asked his friend where nese missionary, Rev. K. F. tion Army work among lepers he could find some one to teach Tsang, has baptized another 130. and beggar boys in Java and him more of the Jesus way. One Approximately 300 are ready Sumatra. The stamps have picof the missionaries happened to for baptism. This has aroused tures of the Army at work in difbe passing in company with the opposition, which takes various ferent ways, and are cancelled at helper and this friend called him forms. Christians are boy- the post offices with a stamp urgin where he found a heart pre- cotted, Hindu landlords refuse ing the public to buy "Salvation pared for the message of salva- to rent farms to converts, cut off Army stamps, and so help the tion. It reminds us of Philip their water supply and even re- work in our land." and the Ethiopian. In another fuse them burial for their dead. village on this island where the -Philippine Evangelist. -Alliance Weekly.

church was small, the non-Chris- Southern Suxnatra NORTH AMERICA tian men of the village asked that the evening meetings be held in In the whole of Southern Su- Hundred Thousand Dollar Club a large school building in order matra, south of the equator, that they also might attend. Palembang is the only city witl1 The Southern Baptist Conven- After the meeting they asked a resident missionary. A Dutch tion has launched the "Hundred permission to attend the morn- pastor works among his own Thousand Dollar Club," whose ing Bible study hour which was countrymen and there is a Meth- members pledge to contribute arranged especially for the odist mission with a thriving one dollar each month, in addi- Christians. Some twenty men English school. Mr. and Mrs. tion to their regular contribuand women gave in their names Griffin, under the auspices of the tions, until the debts are paid. as deciding to believe. There are "Couriers" of Chicago of which The money will be distributed to evidences everywhere that the Paul Rader is president, are the several institutions, boards seed is bearing fruit. Not only opening work in Lahat, of South and agencies in ratio to their are add i t ion s to existing Sumatra. This makes an ideal debt needs. If the plan is genchurches reported but old groups spot from which to cover this erally adopted and succeeds it are being revived and new whole untouched field. will bring in $1,200,000 in groups are being established. twelve months. The hospital reports eleven new Besides the regular Malay groups as being established dur- population, well intersprinkled -Christian Advocate. ing the year, eight of which have with Chinese, there are in some already built their church build- of the remote parts of the island, New Home Mission Technique ings. -Faiku Station Report. aboriginal tribes which have never been reached; wild un- In his report to the Church ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC civilized tribes, very shy of Extension Boards of the Congre- other races. They are animists gational Churches, General Sec- A Native Missionary Society and have not yet been affected retary Ernest M. Halliday fore- by the doctrines of Islam. The sees three changes in home mis- Indische Zending Bond is the Malay people are large, Moham- sion technique: medan in name, and the Chinese (1) More interdenominational coop- are plain heathen. Neither the eration for the achievement of our Malays nor the Chinese of these task. At present we are hampered by self-chosen name of a mission- parts of Sumatra have ever had ary society organized this year a meager program spread over too in Makassar, Dutch East Indies, wide an area. There is no justifica~ with about 60 active members. tion for competition between home missionary churches. (2) Combining the forces of dif- The officers are all mature men, a witness of the Gospel. Mr. and ferent denominations for carrying recognized as leaders among Mrs. Griffin (who was Miss out certain united enterprises. This their own people. A constitution Rader) are planning to search may be a geographic unit such as

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Alaska, or an ethnic unit such as the and Dorland-Bell School, Hot present. A Bible school was Spanish-speaking work in the South- Springs, N. C. west, or a logical unit such as special- -Presbyterian Banner. opened at Miraflores, suburb of ized city and rural activities, or a Lima. -Alliance Weekly.

service unit as in the case of the min- Is Union Assured? Neglected Lepers istry to the farm and cannery migrants. . The proposed organic union of Very little is being done by the Reformed Church in the missions, either Catholic or Prot- (3) Effective popular appeal by the United States and the Evan- estant, for the lepers of Latin adaptation of the newest developments gelical Synod of North America, America. In some towns and seems assured in view of the ac- villages almost the entire popin visual and oral presentation, such tion taken. Nineteen of the ulation is leprous. Brazil has twenty districts of the Evan- the largest number of lepers, as the moving picture, the phonograph gelical Synod of North America probably 75,000. Chile has no have approved the plan. Final lepers, due to its natural isolaand the radio. action on union will be taken at tion from tropical countries by -The Congregationalist. the meeting of the General Con- desert and mountain barriers, ference in Cincinnati, October 3 and to the rigid care of immigra- A "Code" for Churches td 10. In the Reformed Church, tion officials. the General Synod at its meeting Since codes are now the order in Akron, 0., in May, 1932, unan- Brazil has set an example in of the <il.ay, they may be expected imously approved the plan and "health consciousness" and other to appear in the Church. One referred it to the Classes. Dr. governments are gradually fallsuch was suggested at the Luth- J. C. Leonard, secretary of the ing in line, but the problem is eran Laymen's League in Chi- Reformed Com m iss ion on complicated by number of differcago. Professor Walter A. Maier Church Union, states that 49 of ent governments involved. of St. Louis Concordia Seminary, the 59 classes had approved the outlined a seven-point program plan of union, two had done so -Without the Camp. as follows: conditionally, two had rejected EUROPE 1. To renounce all interference and competition with the partisan, polit- Slavery Abolition Centenary ical polls of state and national legislatures.

2. To disavow all attempts of competing with the theatrical interests and refuse to compromise the spiritu- ality of the Church by bids for no- the plan, and six classes are yet In Hull, England, birthplace toriety. to be heard from. of William Wilberforce, was celebrated on July 23, the cen- 3. To repudiate all gambling, lot- LATIN AMERICA tenary of the abolition of slavery tery and other games of chance.

4. To abstain from misrepresenta- tion in statements affecting the Rapid Growth in Puerto Rico by the British Parliament, and Church. the liberating of 700,000 slaves, The Baptist church in Caguas, then held in British territory. 5. To stop the promotion of bigotry Puerto Rico, is rejoicing in a and intolerance. growing Sunday school. During A 'special service was held in the past few months the attend- St. Paul's Cathedral, attended 6. To disclaim all anti-American ance has increased from 450 to by representatives of the Antiand anti-social principles disintegrat- 623. At the Sunday night serv- Slavery and Aborigines Proing the home through easy divorce, ices the little church is more than tection Soc i e t y, the Church birth control and temporary marriage. filled, and every week several Missionary Society, the League people find Christ as their Sav- of Nations Union and members 7. To consider the needs of the man iour. The candidates' class has of the Wilberforce family. Inwhom the Church has forgotten-the an enrolment of more than 100. stances were given of rescued slave boys who had risen to imman troubled by the sin that modern – Watchman-Examiner. portant posts in the Church and churches have ruled out – in the world's era of greatest lawlessness, and to preach to him the message of salvation in heaven through Jesus Christ.

-Presbyterian Banner.

Volunteer Wtthout Salary Outstanding Gains government, in the administra- tion of agriculture, and in the The Presbyterian Board of The Christian and Missionary judicature. National Missions has been of- Alliance reports encouraging While slavery has been banfered the services, in their vari- gains for last year in various ished from Christendom, it is ous mission schools, of workers sections of South America. In said that there are still 5,000,000 who are willing to give their full Argentina there were 299 pro- slaves in the world. -Living Church. time in exchange for board and fessed conversions and churches room. These are young men and were strengthened. In Paraguay Religion in Switzerland women who were graduated this church membership was 108 at year from college and technical the end of 1932. Baptisms in Two Protestant churches in schools, and are prepared to take Chile were 143, an advance of western Switzerland have pub- up the work for which they have 46 over the previous year. In lished an autoist map of French volunteered. Some will be placed Peru's jungle hinterland per- . Switzerland and vicinity. These at Tucson Indian Training haps great blessing has resulted maps show 120 places where School, Escuela, Ariz.; Asheville from the daily noon-meetings worship may be attended, telling Normal School, Asheville, N. C.; where the Indians gather, some- the hours of service and whether Farm School, Swannanoa, N. C.; times as many as fifty being the service is in a State church

or free church. The free cir- 1. The Gospel of Jesus Christ con- the baptized Jews in relation to culation of these maps remind tains, for our country and for every the general discriminatory laws tourists of their responsibilities individual, the ultimate decision about against the Jews. Hitherto, conin attending divine service. life and death. The German S. C. M. version has not exempted Ger- is therefore determined to deliver the mans of Jewish descent from the The two Swiss church organi- message of God's claim on men. laws. zations have issued protests against the establishment of the 2. The German S. C. M. is based on Famine in Russia atheistic "Central" in Basel. the Gospel of Jesus Christ, as found The Roman Catholics have also in the Bible and witnessed to by the The Soviet Republics are not raised official protests against Church. finding their course smooth sailthis activity. All urge Chris- ing. Not only are their dissentian Swiss to organize a syste- 3. The German S. C. M. declares it- tions and rumblings of revoltmatic procedure against these ',If a member of the one Church of which led to the suicide of a forms of atheistic propaganda. Jesus Christ. It belleves its task to prominent Soviet official in the While the "Central" of the be that of educating its members for Ukraine – but the i r anti-God atheists has been tolerated, the service in the Church. It recognizes Five-Year Pro g ram cannot schools of Switzerland are not that it is called to share in the ecu- bring prosperity. In spite of allowed to offer prayer or sing menic task of the Church. censorship, reports of a terrible Christian hymns. famine are coming through press 4. Since the Church has to preach dispatches and from returning Italy's Postage Stamp the Gospel to all men, the German travelers. The Ukraine is one of S. C. M. addresses its message to all the most productive states and To celebrate the tenth anni- students, without distinction. yet it is one of the hardest hit. versary of the Fascist Govern- The grain crop is insufficient ment of Italy, Signor Mussolini 5. The German S. C. M. stands in and Russo-German fugitives rehas issued a series of new post- the midst of German national life in port that 4,000,000 deaths have age stamps, among them a de- a spirit of love and sacrifice. It is in been due to malnutrition in resign which has caused much whole-hearted agreement with all the cent months. Cases of cannicomment and opposition from healthy forces of our national life balism have even been brought the Vatican. and impresses on its members the duty up before Russian courts. The of preparing themselves for the serv- conditions in the remote interior The brown oblong 30 Centes- ice of their country. are said to be worse than in the imi stamp sets forth in the neighborhood of cities. Travcenter the open Bible standing The German S. C. M. is com- elers report that Russian guides on a pedestal, which rests on the posed of associations in the vari- are not permitted to take them wings of an eagle, symbol of in- ous German universities. In outside a definite route lest they spiration. On the open page of spreading the Christian message see and report the conditions of the Book is inscribed the word the movement takes its stand on unspeakable misery. Neverthe- "Evangelium." On the lower the Bible and forms a strong fel- less some photographs are shown part of the stamp is the word lowship. It is open to all stu- of starving children and adults "Credere"-Believe. In the rear dents who definitely express a who are too weak to work and of the open Bible is the Cross, sincere desire to hear the Word are therefore refused rations or not the crucifix. On the left, be- of God, to take part in the life food cards. In some villages it fore the Bible and the Cross, are of the Association, to follow its is reported that half the populathe flags of Italy and the em- leaders, and to collaborate in its tion has died. The Christians blems of the Fascist regime, tasks. naturally suffer even more than lowered in salute. the godless on account of Soviet We believe readers will be in- discrimination. All the facts The circulation of this stamp terested in the positive affirma- cannot be obtained as the Soviets in Italy will preach a great ser- tion of faith in the above con- publish no true reports and mon to the people, who have stitution particularly in the face newspaper correspondents are been taught that the Bible is a of the present church struggle greatly restricted in their freeclosed book to all but the priest- going on in Germany. dom. hood of the Roman Church. The plain cross sets forth the Christ Hebrew-Christians in Germany Baptists Executed By Soviets of the Cross, rather than the Cross of Christ. The Dictator According to a news item ap- La Renaissance has the folof Italy is granting entire free- pearing in the Jewish Daily Bul- lowing: "According to informadom for the wide circulation of letin there have been some 30,000 tion gleaned from the Rostov the Scriptures in Italy. intermarriages in Germany dur- Press, there were, at the begin- ing the past twenty-five years. ning of January, 24 Baptists -Evangelical Christian. During the same period some sentenced to death there. They 25,000 Jews came into the Prot- were accused of 'assisting par- The German Student Christian estant Christian faith in Prussia tisans who had revolted against Movement alone. This does not take ac- the Soviet Government, and of count of Jews who went over to At a recent national meeting Catholicism or of Jews who acof this Movement the following cepted the Christian faith in secconstitution was adopted: tions of Germany outside of Prussia.

The Jewish Daily Bulletin also says that the Protestant Church of Germany, under its new Nazi leadership, will study the ques- tion raised as to the position of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

procuring prOVISIOns and am- sellite" propaganda, who call the lowing tbe dedication ceremony, munition for them.' The trial was conducted with numerous Christians to come out from the a memorial tablet to the late witnesses; all the Rostov workmen visited it. The sentence was churches, "because they are full Chief Khama was unveiled by carried out three days after it was pronounced. According to of error." Chief Tshekedi. information received from Mos- -South African Outlook. cow, another trial has been A third enemy in this part of started at Rostov against 53 Baptists belonging to villages in West Africa is the secessionist the Northern Caucasus. The sentence has been decreed be- "African Church" which was MISCELLANEOUS forehand by Moscow. The accused carry themselves with founded many years ago by peo- Some Leper Statistics great dignity. They do not give ple who were unwilling to give anybody away, do not answer the wrathful shouts of the Tche- up the practice of polygamy, and The following summary comkist judges; they only pray who yet chafed at the fact that piled from returns from fifty~ quietly and sing religious songs." accordingly they were not al- one different stations, in India, -London Baptist Times. lowed to bear office in the church. China, Korea and Africa, indi~ AFRICA In spite of all this the mass of cates some of the work done by New Field Open the Christian people are steady, the Mission to Lepers during John Hall, of the Sudan In- and adult baptisms into the the year, and the results. terior Mission, has labored seventeen years among the Tangale Church from Ekiti alone, though Patients under treatment for people of Nigeria, and has given them the New Testament in less than in 1931, were in 1932 not less than three months.. 7,742 their own language. He writes Number of above who much that the seemingly impenetrable nearly 1,200. improved …………….. 2,603 walls of Moslem opposition in Northern Nigeria to the Chris- Number slightly improved. . .. 2,472 tian Gospel have at last been broken down. "With the great An Indian Mission to Africa Cases arrested without deformneed here in Tangale, and our ity, i. e., symptom free. . . . . . 762 own personal interest in it, our wildest fancy could not have A project for sending a mis- Cases arrested with deformity. 366 foreshown a call from God to sion to East Africa is being conleave it and engage in the new, sidered by the National Mission- Of the remaining cases, some fear-inspiring task of Moslem ary Society, the aim being to evangelization. And yet the call send out Indian missionaries to became worse, or stationary, and has come." Five million Mos: build up that part of the Church a considerable number left or lems from which the mission- of Christ in East Africa which died. Five hundred and three of aries have hitherto been ex- is Indian. The General Secre- the cases arrested without de~ cluded constitute the new field to tary, Rai Bahadur A. C. Mu- formity were discharged and 62 which God is calling him and kerji, has prepared a draft plan of those arrested with deformity, into which the door is being In addition upwards of 3,650 opened. to send two evangelists to be sta- lepers were treated as out-pa.., tioned at Nairobi and Kampala, -Evangelical Christian. and working in surrounding tients. Where the attendances areas. It is proposed to open a were regular the results were Secessionists in Nigeria dispensary at Nairobi, in charge encouraging; 106 became ar.., The "Aladura Movement" in of a woman doctor and a health rested cases, and 1,517 more 01' Nigeria, which attracted to it so visitor. This work is to be in many people already Christian, less improved. and which baptized so many -Mission to Lepers. heathen whom existing Christian bodies would not baptize till cooperation with other Chris- World Control of Narcoticl:l they had been instructed, has tian projects in the area, and is been followed by the formation to be financed by the N. M. S. American people may not of a new sect, "The African It will be supervised by a local realize the stuggle under the Apostolic Church." Following committee of whom at least half League of Nations Opium Sec~ hard upon this has come "Rus- will be Christian Indians. tion to control the opium trade in all countries. While the -United Church Review. Opium Section of the League Red Let,ter Day at Tigerkloof has a budget of $48,000 a year, of which eighty per cent is al- June 9 was a red-letter day in lotted for salaries, the traffickers the history of the Tigerkloof Na- have large cash reserves and are tive Institute of the London Mis- sometimes able to corrupt of.., sionary Society, when a new ficials. The daily profits of the church was opened, the crowning illicit traders is estimated by the work of the Society at Tiger- League at nearly $2,000,000. kloof. The building, which The annual turnover is put at ranks as the finest of its kind in $690,000,000. Annual w 0 rid British Bechuanaland, is about consumption of narcotic drugs is 100 by 50 feet over all and 50 placed at forty-five tons, thirty feet high; it seats 600 persons, of which are used in China. The and was constructed entirely by United States comes second with native apprentices under the di-' seven tons, which equals 1,400,., rection of Mr. Ballantine, who 000,000 doses, and at twenty-five shortly completes thirty years' cents per dose totals $350,000,., service at the Institution. Fol- 000.

Missionary

Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information I.~~,~tl~~==~~~~============~ Bishop Montgomery: a Memoir. By tion?" The reply came: "World- Church would be well worth- M. M. With a Preface by the Archbishop of Canterbury. 110 pp. 28 wide oversight surely episcopal, while-and it is. Dr. Kerr has 6d. Society for the Propagation of if Australia can rightly spare given here an excellent textbook the Gospel, London. 1933. for the mission classes of all you." Satisfied that his vows Here is a book that warms would be fulfilled in the new evangelical denominations. Yet the heart. Dr. Montgomery be- post, he came. The wisdom of it is more than that; it is filled came Bishop of Tasmania at 42 the call was evident when he got with a wealth of illustrations; years of age and eleven years under way. He came to the S. P. it shows a broad field of learnlater was called back to England G. (1902) under primitive con- ing, it is up to date even to the to become Secretary of the So- ditions. "There were no type- Oxford Group Movement. It is ciety for the Propagation of the writers or shorthand clerks. healthful, enjoyable reading and Gospel in Foreign Parts. While Letters were all copied. On the gives one a zeal for establishing in that office the King made him day after a meeting of the Stand- the faith of our fathers as the Prelate of the Order of St. Mi- ing Committee the Secretary hope of America today. chael and St. George, all of used to spend the whole day, The book is well indexed and whose members became at once from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. writing has an excellent bibliography. A the Bishop's spiritual charge. letters for abroad." At first he few direct quotations best indi- This was characteristic of him- was able to interview personally cate the author's position. he had the habit of reckoning his all candidates. The revenue of This book is a humble attempt to obligations by their spiritual de- the Society was £88,000; when justify the Christian faith in the mod- he left it was £155,000. He ern world. It does not apologize for mand. As a young rector he was a member of three Lambeth Christianity. It is an effort to preframed the principle which gov- Conferences. He made two visits sent the claim that the Gospel is the to America and Canada where power of God in America in the twenerned himself and his whole tieth century, as it was in the Roman staff, that "once you got hold of he met an enthusiastic reception. The Archbishop says: "Bishop Empire in the first century . . . a person you never let go." The Christian mission in America Montgomery's greatest gift to As Bishop in Tasmania he was is the effort to share Christ with all indefatigable, spending large the Church in his generation was men, whatever their race or religion. It is not set for battle against any parts of the year in itinerating not only his work, valuable as it was, but chiefly his own person- man or against any man's faith; it alone or with his clergy, confirm- ality. Indeed, what gave value is consecrated to the task of giving ing believers by the roadside if to his work was the spirit he put him the best we have–Jesus Christ. they could not go to the Church. He introduced a system of "Qui- into it … He seemed always to The cross of Christ is the guar- p.nty that God is in Christ, suffering, bear about with him the spirit ,serving, saving-in America as in et Days" for his clergy, prepar- of the spring." ing for them most carefully, for Galilee-the same yesterday, today he "judged it wrong to call his and forever. GEORGE W. ARMS.

busy clergymen together unless The book is chatty and famil- The Shi'ite Religion. A History of you gave them of the very best," iar; it is to be hoped that some Islam in Persia and Irak. By -a principle which some con- deeper study of Bishop Mont- Dwight M. Donaldson, D.D., Ph.D.

ference managers do not observe. gomery's missionary and ad- 393 pp. 15s. Illus. Luzac & Com- Here also he framed the prin- ministrative methods may be is- pany..London. 1933.

ciple which governed him in his sued by the Society. This book, in terms found in CLELAND B. McAFEE. the preface, is a statement of -secretarial life: "To the laity Shi'a doctrine and a study of through the clergy." As work The Christian Mission in America. Shi'ite Islam in Persia and Irak. on the mission field is best done By Hugh Thompson Kerr. 184 pp. The critic would wish that these by contacts of individual mis- $1 cloth; 60 cents paper. Friend- terms had been used for the title sionaries with the people, so the ship Press. New York. 1933. -support of the work in the home One would naturally suppose and sub-title. Likewise the auchurch is to be secured by pas- that a book from the pen of the thor's method of transliterating tors, not by secretaries or agents pastor of the Shadyside Presby- Arabic letters is not an improve- terian Church, now for twenty ment upon that recognized as au- ·of missionary societies. He was called back to London years an author, and one-time thorative. by a cablegram, but replied with Moderator of the General As- These criticisms are trivial ;another: "Is it episcopal voca- sembly of the Presbyterian compared with the value of the [518 ] book as a much needed, concise and readable study of the origin of Shi'ism, its growth in Irak and Persia and its differentation from the orthodox faith of the followers of Islam.

As a resident for sixteen years in one of the great Shrine Cities of Persia, Dr. Donaldson has had exceptional opportunities for present-day observation and his studies have given him access to much historical material to which he refers in copious foot- notes. While the early struggle between the rival Caliphs is giv- en in detail, perhaps the most The ANNUITY important chapters are those AGREEMENT • the AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY giving the history of the Twelve Imams and their place in the PLAN of framework of Shi'ite faith and practice. The description of the great Shrine Cities and their im- will help you solve it portance as places of pilgrimage is embellished by several fine photographs. The chapters on AND it will help you in your desire to have a share in furthering a worthy and essential Christian enterprise. Shi'ite tradition and the sinless- ness of the prophets are especial- ly valuable. A detailed table of contents for each of the thirty- W:hat is an Annuity Agreement of the American Bible Society?

three chapters and the full index Are Annuity Agreements of the American Bible Society safe?

materially increase the value as What advantages do Annuity Agreements have?

a book of reference as does the Are holders of the Annuity Agreements of the American Bible Society satisfied with them? eIassified bibliography. The mis- Has any annuitant ever lost money through an Annuity Agreesion interested reader will regret ment of the American Bible Society?

that the plan of the volume Are Annuity Agreements recommended as a source of income for persons unfamiliar with financial matters? seemingly permitted no refer- Do men ofrecognized business abilence to the reaction of Shi'ite ity secure Annuity Agreements from the American Bible Society? Islam to the missionary enter- Whatwillmoney placed inAnnuprise. JAMES CANTINE. ity Agreements eventually ac- complish through theAmerican A Self-Made Bishop. By The Right Rev. G. L. King, D.D. The Society Bible Society? for the Propagation of the Gospel. London. 1933. THESE and other questions about the Annuity Agree- A wonderful story, by the for- ments of the American Bible mer Church of England bishop Society are answered in a new of Madagascar, about a man who booklet "A Gift That Lives." made himself bishop, although without orders of any kind, and MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY whose authority was not questioned by those to whom he min- rr;;;c~ ;;L;-;O~TY, ~ ~se, A:: ;;:e, Ne;;C:;City – .~J istered. The title page bears the I Please send me, without obligation, your booklet . I significant words by Bishop No. MRS, entitled "A Gift That Lives". . O'Ferral, "The Northern Church of Madagascar is quite inexpli- I I Name……………………………….__…………………………………. Denomination…………………….._·_'— cable except by belief in the I I Address ………….._……….._..__…._._….._………………………………………………………………-…….-.:….:…-.–.- Holy Spirit." I City……………….. ……………….. ……………….. I ……………… Stale……………………………….

John Tsizehena assumed two titles, as he records in his diary, viz. "Reverand John Tsizehena, Mission Lord Church" and "Lord Bishop of North, D.D." The story of this remarkable man is the story of the Anglican Church of the northern triangle of Madagascar. It bears witness to his zeal and earnestness and is unique in the fact that one who

Less Than are not outspoken in opposition world after the Spirit and pur- to Japan's policy in Manchuria. pose of our Lord Jesus Christ. $2.00 per day One hundred and sixteen CLELAND B. McAFEE. for: board, room, tuition, and a pages describe the Progress of the Kingdom of God Movement Young America Makes Friends. By- College Education in a in Japan. These chapters relate Mary Alice J ones and n.ebecca Christian School to the churches, rural evangel- Caudhill. 12mo. 122 pp. $1.00. ism, social reconstruction, tem- Friendship Press, New York. 1933. A.B., B.R.E. and Th.B perance and anti-vice campaigns, Degrees Christian cooperation, education, This pleasing volume, covers etc. Some sixty-five pages take well the activity areas of a (given under the laws of up critically the Appraisal Com- child's life-Going to School; Massachusetts) mission Report-six articles by Doing Home Chores; Keeping Japanese and missionaries. The Well and Happy; Being a Citi- No smoking or dancing allowed! Christian work of the Japanese zen; Earning and Using Money; High scholastic attainment re- Church "Overseas" shows some- and Going to Church. quired. thing of the vitality of Japanese Christianity. Each chapter, or unit as it is Premedical, Normal. Commercial, called, has good introductory Home Economics, Music, College One of the valuable reference discussion topics selected from Preparatory, Theological. features of this Year Book is the children's experiences. In para- section devoted to directories graphs called, "Suggested pro- Send for catalogue and statistics. The number of cedure" there are good guiding Christian social institutions in questions. The illustrative sto- Atlantic Union College Japan (in addition to education- ries vary much in value and the al work) indicate that this phase list of "Desired outcomes" which South Lancaster, Mass. of the task is not overlooked. show the goal each "unit" strives The statistics report 58 foreign for, are not always satisfying. Over SO years of service. societies working in Japan, with For example; the last unit which is the climax of the study, was a self-appointed apostle and ° 1130 foreign workers; there are is Young America Going to evangelist, became in the provi- Church. The prayer reads, dence of God the founder of a 2, 2 5 organized Protestant "Within this world, within our group of Anglican churches, that churches and over 232,000 bap- country, within our very city upon the arrival of a regularly tized Japanese Christians. there are many of thy children appointed bishop willingly sub- who worship Thee in ways difmitted to constituted authority Builders of a New World. By Robert ferent from our own. Be Thou and without demur accepted the Merrill Bartlett. 166 pp. Cloth $1; near to them as they seek Thee regular orders. paper, 60 cents. Friendship Press, in the way that seems to them New York. 1933. best; and show us the best The story is so unique in mis- way." No mention is made of sion history, that it constitutes This excellent book in the Mis- the thousands of boys and girls most interesting reading and is sion Study list is adapted to who never worship in any way. necessary for an understanding steady reading or to class use. It Earnest, well informed leaders of the mission history of the dis- deals in course of its discussion using the book will want to go tant part of the world in which with communism, the new patri- further than its author and lay its scenes are laid. C. T. B. otism, war, social and political deeper foundations for friend- responsibility and other social ship than merely the sharing of The Japan Christian Year Book. issues, yet it is about none of playgrounds and citizenship. Edited by E. C. Hennigar. 12mo. these particular subjects. It is 428 pp. Yen 2.50. Kyo Bun Kwan, a study of the way in which lives E. B. D. P. Tokyo; Foreign Missions Confer- can contribute, under the power ence, New York. 1933. of Christ, to the building of a New Books new world. The examples are Thirty-eight authors, includ- familiar to older readers but the America Revolucionaria. S. Guy Ining thirteen Japanese leaders, book is intended primarily for man. 340 pp. $1. Javier Morats, make up this remarkable com- young people: Grenfell, Ramsay Madrid; and Committee on Coopposite picture of Japan today, Macdonald, Kagawa, Jabavu of eration in Latin America. New from the Christian viewpoint. Africa, Schweitzer, Romain Rol- York. The geneyal articles relate to the land, James Yen of China (Jimchief events of the past year in my Yen), Martha Berry-but all Adventure in Ohurch Worship. Maunational life and in international center about Christ as the mir- rice Clarke. Teacher's book, 144 pp. relations. The many important acle of history. It is a "mission" $1. Student's book, 133 pages. 70 topics dealt with include the book only as "missions" is con- cents, cloth; 50 cents, paper. More- "Shrine Question," The League ceived in a wide sense, but it house Pub. Co. Milwaukee. of Nations, economic depression, will interest young people and tbe "Manchukuo" impasse, dis- will remind them that life is nev- Boys and Girls of .China and Japan. armament, China and Japan and er too insignificant to count in Illus. 48 pp. Is. C. M. S. London. various "Thougbt Movements." the large process of making a Naturally the Japanese writers Directory of Foreign Missions. Es- ther Boardman Strong and A. L. Warnshuis. 300 pp. $2, paper; $2.50, cloth. International Mission- ary Council. New York.

School a broken ankle and a resulting inlla- Dates to

mation, is reported to have been re- Supplies stored to a normal condition in an- October 3-10 – Quadrennial Confer- swer to prayer. ence. Evangelical Synod of North S~o~unqU{, s1P,In1Itme1 America. Cincinnati, Ohio. *** ~~'~'~"~'~ltJilIem·lAlliroIlmll/eHr.r~fN~IJ October ll-lS–International Conven- Dr. Henry W. Frost, for over 40 tion of the Disciples of Christ, tile for years director of the China Inland Pittsburgh, Pa. Mission, who recently passed the 70th and anniversary of his birth, celebrated October 19-Annual Meeting. Ameri- with Mrs. Frost, their golden wedding can Mission to Lepers. Fifth Ave- Personal Items anniversary on September 12th. At nue Presbyterian church, New York Princeton on September 16th they ob- City. Dr. Catherine Mabie, who has been served this 50 years of blessed life in the Congo since 1898, is the first and service, with seven children and October 31-Fall meeting. New York missionary of the American Baptist six in-law children. Many friends in Conference, Woman's 1<~oreign Mis- Woman's Foreign Mission Society in lands all over the world rejoice with sionary Society. Calvary Church, Africa to be decorated. She has re- them in these many years of joy and New York City. ceived La Croix de Chevalier de service in the power of Christ. l'Ordre Royal du Lion. November lO-ll-Annual Meeting. Dr. Herman *C. *E.* Liu, President World Alliance for International *** Friendship through the Churches of the University of Shanghai, has and the International GoodWill Con- Miss Clementina Butler, daughter been invited to join Dr. E. Stanley gress. Philadelphia, Pa. of Dr. William Butler, who founded J ones and others to conduct a series the Methodist Episcopal Church in of interdenominational conferences on United Missionary Meetings India, has offered her resignation as missions in the United States this secretary of the home base for the fall. He has also been acting as dele- September 28-29-Worcester, Mass. New England Branch of the Meth- gate of the China Committee at the October 1-2-Boston, Mass. odist Woman's Foreign Missionary conference of the Institute of Pacific October 3-4-Portland, Me. Society, having reached the age of re- Relations in Banff, Canada, August October 5-6–New Haven, Conn, tirement. She is preparing a book on 14-28. Later he will study vocational October 8-9-Rochester, N. Y. the work of Pandita Ramabai; also a and civic education in America and October lO-ll-Cleveland, O. biography of her father, to be trans- Europe. October l2-13-Pittsburgh, Pa. lated into the leading vernaculars. October 15-16–Detroit, Mich. During his absence from Shanghai October 17-l8-Toledo, O. Rt. Rev. Joh*n M* cK*im, D.D., pre- Dean T. K. Van will be the Acting October 19-20-Grand Rapids, Mich. President of the University. October 22-23-Cincinnati, O. siding bishop of Nippon Sei Kokwai, October 24-25-Louisville, Ky. has celebrated the 40th anniversary *** October 26-27-Columbus, O. of his consecration to the ministry of October 20-November 3 – G rea t e r the Protestant Episcopal Church. Charles Luther Fry, son of Rev. Charles L. Fry, of Philadelphia, has New York. *** accepted a call to the chair of Sociol- November 5-10-Chicago, Ill. ogy at Rochester University, New November 12-13-Milwaukee, Wis. Dr. Lucy Wang, president of Hwa York. He has been connected with November 14-l5-Des Moines, Iowa. Nan College, Foochow, an institution the Institute of Social and Religious November l6-17-Sioux City, Iowa. of the' Methodist Woman's Foreign Research, and is the author of "The November 19-20-0maha, Neb. Missionary Society, has succeeded in United States Looks At Its Churches." November 2l-22-Lincoln, Neb. having the college registered with the November 2S-24-Topeka, Kan. Chinese government as an approved Printin November 26-27-Kansas City, Mo. institution of college grade. November 28-29-Wichita, Kan. When You Require It November SO-December 1-0klahoma Dr. Henry E* ve*rtso*n Cobb, pres- We wish to extend to you an invi· City, Okla. ident of the Board of Foreign Mis- tation to become acquainted with December 3-4-St. Louis, Mo. sions of the Reformed Church in THE EVANGELICAL PRESS of December 5-6-Springfield, Ill. America, since 1917, has resigned, and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. December 7-8-Indianapolis, Ind. has been succeeded by Dr. William December 10-12-Washington, D. C. Baricroft Hill, of Poughkeepsie. Thousands of institutions and individ- December l3-15-Philadelphia, Pa. uals have accepted a similar invitation, Rev. C. B. R*ape*, a*Methodist mis- and have enjoyed a profitable printing Obituary Notes association for years. sionary to West China, has returned Rev. James McElwane Mullan, D.D., to his field after an absence of some Our specialty is Books, Magazines and for 17 years superintendent of the years. Mrs. Rape is obliged to re- Booklets. We have modem equipment Board of Home Missions of the Remain in America on account of ill to meet all the requirements of your formed Church in the United States, health. particular job. Our service is quick, died August 21, in Philadelphia, at careful and courteous. the age of 64. Dr. Mullan was also *** executive secretary of the Commission Why not allow us to estimate on your on Social Service and served on the Marshall Feng Yu-hsiang, formerly next printing? You will be delighted commission on the church and social called the Chinese Christian General with our product, price, and service. service of the Federal Council of and whl' still professes to be a Chris- Churches of Christ in America. tian, is reported to have been offered The Evangelical Press and accepted the position of Inspector Mrs. William*W*alto*n Clark of New General of the Chinese Army under Printers of the Nanking Government. York, for many years the correspond- The Missionary Review of the World ' ing secretary of the Women's Board *** of Domestic Missions, of the Reformed PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: Church in America, died July 31. Miss Amy Carmichael, of the Dohnavur Mission, South India, who has Thircl ancl Reily Str••t. Harrillhurg, Pa. *** been suffering for some months from John Allen Hofmann, M.D., Pro- vost of Hackett Medical College, Can- ton, China, died April 6th in Canton from spinal meningitis. He had been a Presbyterian missionary since 1921.

S;~a~~::Work The Finality of Jesus

By ROBERT E. SPEER Dr. Speer's eagerly awaited book is the result of a life time's thinking on a subject which is at the very heart of today's unrest. $3.00 PRESIDENT STEVENSON writes: PROF. A. T. ROBERTSON writes: (Princeton Theol. Sem.) (South. Bapt. Theol. Sem.) "The greatest contribution Dr. Speer has made to re- "I wish all ministers could read it, for its influence for ligious literature." good is immeasurable."

ROBERT E. SPEER i YOU N G F 0 L K S GEORGE W. HINMAN, D.D.

I "Re-Thinking I The American Indian and Christian Missions -Missions" Examined ISAAC TAYLOR HEADLAND (Translator) Entir~ly f~ee of ~'!tagonis.m. Chinese Rhymes for Children An informing work about concel'.e~. m a spmt o~ Sl?- A channing book for children presenting missions among American Incere cntlclsm and revealmg m .. '. . dians, the work undertaken by every paragraph a close, well- a genume Onental atmosphere m. Its e,,:ery missionaries and the results informed knowledge of For- phase. On every page a drawmg gIves which have accrued, by the eign Missions. Boards, SOc piquancy and undeniable interest to the secretary of the American CLELAND B. McAFEE whole. Profusely Illustrated, $2.00 Missionary Association. $1.50 The Uncut Nerve FRANCES JENKINS OLCOTT MARY BREWSk~~LISTER GO! of Missions Champions of Light MMoaui-nDteaeinosf the "The motives of missions, the present situation on the fieldsStories of heroic deeds of great mission- where Presbyterians are at aries and others by those whose chief pur- A marvelous, new tale of work, and the prospects for pose was the betterment of mankind. present-day China, recounted the near future are clearly With many Decorations by Dugald in a manner adaptable for and interestingly treated."- missionary reading courses, as Alumni Review. $1.50 Valker. $1.75 well as for general use. $1.50 II Fleming H. Revell Company …. 158 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK At All Booksellers Read THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE OCTOBER NUMBER: The Christian Message Is Peace . ………………………. Duncan B. Macdonald Mogul Paintings on Christian Subjects . …………………… Edward D. Mac/agan Early Efforts in Persia ……………………………….. William McE. Miller Temptations of Converts . …………………………….. A Persian Missionary Chinese-Moslem Literature. . ………………………….. Harold D. Hayward AI Gha:z:ali's Inner Secret . ……………………………… Frank Hugh Foster An Eighteenth Century liter~ry Missionary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . … Eric F. F. Bishop Current Topics . ….. Book Reviews . ….. Survey of Periodicals Index for the Year 1933 SUBSCRIBE TODAY « Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue New York City Single copies, SOc.; Annudl Subscription, $2.00 I in Combindtion with the REVIEW, $3.50 MARSHALL, MORGAN A seon, 12 P.ternoster Bulldln.., London Price In Great Britain. El,ht Shillin••, net

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1930

'l' OP-MANUAL TRAINING CLASS AT THE JHANSI BOYS'

COMING EVENTS order, went to China as a missionary in September 16-17-COMMITTEE OF REF- 1897, and became identified with Nanking ERENCE AND COUNSEL, Foreign Mis- sions Conference of N. A., New University in its early days as teacher York, N. Y. (1897-1903) and acting president (1903- 1904). It was largely through his wise September 29-0ctober I-INTERDENOMI- NATIONAL MISSIONARY INSTITUTE, and tactful leadership that other denomi- conducted by the Philadelphia Fed- nations were brought into the cooperation eration of Churches and the Wom- en's Interdenominational Union of which resulted in the founding of the Philadelphia and Vicinity, Philadel- phia, Pa. union University of Nanking, of which September 30 – October' 1 – EXECUTIVE he was the first president, continuing COMMITTEE, Council of Women for Home Missions, New York, N. Y. until the general change of educational policy made it desirable to place the in- October 7-15-UNITED LUTHERAN CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. stitution under a Chinese executive.

October 9-GENERAL CONFERENCE, EVAN- ** GELICAL CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. THE REV. DR. JOHN W. CHAPMAN, mis- October 14-19-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- TION, DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wash- sionary, explorer and scientist, who has ington, D. C. served the Protestant Episcopal Church October 19-23-WORLD CONVENTION, DIS- in Anvik, Alaska, for forty-three years, CIPLES OF CHRIST, Washington, D. C. has retired from the Alaskan field. He November 10-18-WORLD ALLIANCE FOR is 72 years old. Dr. Chapman will be INTERNATIONAL F R lEN D S HIP THROUGH THE CHURCHES, Washing- placed on the honor roll of the Church. ton, D. C. He will be succeeded in Alaska by his November 30-December 5-NORTH AMER- son, who has long been associated with ICAN HOME MISSIONS CONGRESS, his father in the latter's missionary work. Washington, D. C. *** January 19-22, 1931-CONFERENCE ON THE CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR, At the recent Synod of the Northern Washington, D. C. Province of the Moravian Church in January 20 – 21, 1931- COUNCIL OF America, held in Bethlehem, Pa., June 12 CHURCH BOARDS OF EDUCATION, In- dianapolis, Ind. to 20, 1930, DR. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ,'

PERSONALS for almost 32 years Secretary of Mora- vian Missions, declined re-election to the Two GREAT FRIENDS OF CHINA RETIRE Governing or Executive Board of the FRANK D. GAMEWELL, PH.D. Church, which carried with it his resig- DR. A. J. BOWEN nation as Secretary of Missions. The functions of this office are combined with DR. FRANK D. GAMEWELL and DR. A. J. BOWEN, two veteran missionaries who the presidency of the Moravian Society have rendered notable service to China, for Propagating the Gospel. The new have been granted retirement by the Methodist Board of Foreign Missions. president is Dr. S. H. Gapp. Dr. de Schweinitz has long been a Going to China in 1881 Dr. Gamewell taught in Peking, was a pioneer superin- trusted and loved missionary leader. It tendent in West China, professor of science in Peking University, (1889- was he who, in 1904, proposed the crea- 1900), and general secretary of China tion of a permanent Committee repre- Educational Association. As an engineer senting the mission boards and sociehe directed the fortification of the legation's compound at Peking during the ties of the United States and Camida, Boxer siege, in the summer of 1900, and and he became one of the organizers and was decorated for his service by the British government. On his last visit to original members of the Committee of China ten of his former students, in- Reference and Counsel of the Foreign a cluding the Rev. Wang Chih Ping (now Missions Conference offorN1o8rtyheaArsm, efrricoa~ serving as a member Bishop Wang), presented him with shield of silver on a carved wood sup- 1907 to 1930, with the omission of only port, inscribed to "Father Gamewell." the years demanded by constitutional re- DR. A. J. BOWEN, whose health has quirements. been impaired by his labors and by anxiety over the conditions under which he He was the Recording Secret:u-y of has worked in recent years of civil dis- the Committee in 1919-1920, ana the Chairman in 1920-1922. He was a'mem- ber of the American Section of the Executive Committee of the World Mis- sionary Conference at Edinburgh in 1908-1910, Chairman of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America in 1917-1918, and a member of the In- ternational Missionary Council 1920- 1928. He has consented to continue to serve as Treasurer of Moravian Mis- sions with his office at 67 West Church Street, Bethlehem, Pa.

*** DR. WARREN H. WILSON, of the Pres- byterian Board of National Missions, has been granted a year's leave of ab- (Concluded on page 799.) The Presbgterian Magazine 1 For Every PParesstobryten.an -The Church(s Official Publication-in a sparkling, up~ to~date manner offers the busy Presbyterian pastor and church~member inspiration and information fearlessly discussing the practical problems and freely narrating the thrilling triumphs of the advance of the Kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ through the agency of the Presbyterian Church.

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Pages Crowded with Vital Christian Messages The BIBLE TO~DAY is a popular and aggressive evangelistic Bible study magazine which has proved to be of incalculable worth to ministers, Bible teachers, missionaries and other Christian workers. Among timely and vital articles to be published in early numbers, are: HOW ANSWER RUSSIA? by Dr. Valentine Hepp, the distinguished Dutch philosopher and professor at the Free University of Amsterdam.

GO~'S GRACIOUS GUARANTEES, by A. Z. Conrad, pastor of Park Street Church, Boston, Mass.

MR. MOODY AND A MORTGAGE, by David McConaughy, director of the Stewardship Department of the General Council of the Presbyterian Gen- eral Assembly.

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ARTHua J. BROWN. Editor 1M 1930 LET YOUR GIFT to Foreign Missions CONTENTS-October, 1930 PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME FRONTISPIECE-SCENES IN INDIA INDIA'S CALL '1'0 PRAyER………. 725 You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- 'l'I1E s'rORY OF AN INDIAN CHURCH sions and have a needed income for yourself and others from the moneY' you give by the …………….•• W. B. ANDERSON 726 MISSION EDUCATION IN INDIA ••••• Annuity Gift Plan · .•………… ARTHUR T. MAYHEW 732 This plan reHeves you of uncertainty and VILLAGE CHURCH CRISIS IN INDIA worry caused by changing values of invested funds snd assures you a fixed income of · …………….•• C. H. LOIDHLIN 736 BELOVED O~' SIVA …..•..••…..•• 4i% to 9% per year • •••••••••••.. ERDMANN D. BEYNON 738 for the rest of your life CAN POVERTY·STRICKEN C H R I S – A reserve fund of over $1,500.000 guarantees TIANS DEVELOP SELF-SUPPORT- the prompt payment of annuities to you. ING CHURCHES? ………….. . Protect yourself against loss through • ••••…•.•.••.•. GEORGE H. rrRULL 740 unwise investments and at the same time help send the gospel to all the world. WORLD-WIDE LUTHERANISM ……• 744 WHAT'S GOING ON IN SUB·CON· For full biformatlon wrt'te Erne. F. Hall, Secretary, Dept. 01 Annuiti•• SCIOUS INDIA? . )lJMIL W. MENZEL 745 SIR .TOHN SIMON REPORTS ON INDIA BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. ••••.•••.•….• ,CHARLES JOHNSTON 747 SOME BOOKS ON INDIA ………..• 750 166 Fifth Avenue, New York VARIETIES OF TRAVEL EXPERI· World Friendship Courses ENCE . . . . . . . . DEl~AVAN L. PIERSON 753 A NEW MISSION STUDY TECHNIQUE For week daq sc.hools or regular Sundaq classes • ••••••••••••• CLARENCE V. HOWELL 758 PERSONAL WORK IN A NEW ENG- These are all project courses giving stories lesson plans, worship programs, LAND FACTORY TOWN……… 762 dramatizations. play and handwork for TOPICS OF THE TIMES …•…•••.•• 763 extended sessions. Price each, Boards $1.00; paper 75 cents, SHOULD MISSIONARIES LEAVE ON THE ADVICE OF CONSULS?

CRITICISMS OF THE CnURCH '1~HE DOMINrCAN DISASTER LAMBETH AND SOUTH INDIA WHY BE PESSIMISTIC ABOUT CH[~A '1 METHODS FOR WORKERS ……… . ..•. . EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 7Q8 WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MIS· SION BULLETIN ……………. 773 WORI,D·WIDE OUTLOOK •……….. 779 BOOKS WORTH READING ……..••• 796 TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clubs of PRIMAR'Q five.) Foreign pORtage, 50 cellts. Single copieR, Bhaskar and His Friends (India) 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, By Clara G. Labaree 1930, by MIS'SIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- PANY, INC. All rights re!lerved. Children of Sea and Sun (Caribbean Islands) THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING By Mabel Garrett ,Vagner COMPANY, INC. JUNIOR ROBERT E. SPillER, Pre8idettt The Golden Sparrow (Indi~) 1VILLIAM 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Recretaf1l By Irene Mason Harper W.ALTER McDOUGALL, Trea8ure,. Sugar Is Sweet (Caribbean Islands) '_~y Dorothy F. McConnell· anu Publication Office, Sd & Reily St., Harrisburg, Margaret E. Forsyth Pa. 25c a copy. '2.50 a year.

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LIII, No. 10 October

INDIA'S CALL TO PRAYER The National Christian Council of India has published an outline of Intercession as follows: Let us seek for a Missionary Spirit-that the Church may see the whole world's need of Christ and may be ready for any sacrifice in order to make Him known to all mankind.

Let us give thanks for the Church in India, remembering that it is part of the Church Catholic which is the body of Christ.

Let us thank God for the manifestation of the desire for unity in the Church in India, and for the scl1eme of Union proposed in South India.

Let us seek a Spirit of Prayer-that Christian people may learn to pray as Christ prayed and taught the disciples to pray; and that an ever-increasing number of interceders may be raised up, until the whole Church is awakened to prayer.

Let us seek a Spirit of Sacrifice and of Unity-that the Church may be willing, at whatever cost, to follow and bear witness to the way of Christ as she learns it; that the whole Church of Christ may desire and experience a new unity in Christ.

Let us seek for the Gift of Interpretation-that the Church may learn to preach the Gospel by word and life in terms that the men and women of this age will understand.

Let us seek for courageous witness in Moral Questions-that the witness of the Church in moral questions of our day may truly reflect the mind of God and may be known and felt throughout the world.

MEDICAL WORK Let us thank God for those Christian men and women who give their lives in the service of the sick and the suffering.

Let us thank God for the increased efforts, put forth by the State and by public bodies, for the prevention of disease.

Let us seek for a Spirit of Service-that a great number of men and women may offer themselves unreservedly to do Christ's work, at home and abroad in our generation.

Let us seek for the completion of our own conversion, praying for the removal of all hindrances in our own lives to the manifestation of God's redeeming love and power.

-From The Review of the Churches.

725

STORY OF AN INDIAN

BY THE REV. W. B. ANDERSON, D.D.

Secretary oj the Board of Foreign Mission8 of the United Presbyterian Church I N THE Punjab, North India, in the outcastes, and one Moslem. 1857, a church was begun with Thus from the very beginning, the four Indian converts; in 1928, question of caste was settled for its communicants numbered 43,- this church, and this first ingather- 895. The pioneers in this field had ing was an earnest of the harvests certain settled convictions regard- that were to foIlow from among all ing their missionary task. They castes and classes.

believed in the democratic rights Ordained Indians were at the of the individual in society, the first received into the mission or- Presbyterian form of church gov- ganization. Indians continued in ernment, the necessity of the re- membership until 1873, when, at generation of the individual to en- the suggestion of the Board in ter the Kingdom of God; that all America, they were excluded from missionary effort must terminate the Mission with a view to fosterupon the development of a church; ing the independence of the Indian that the church must be independ- Church. From the beginning there ent and self-supporting, that the was no question of the membership missionary must be ecclesiastically of the American ministers in the subordinate to the church in the church courts, nor was there any field; and that education must be question of the organic relations of fostered as a necessary result of the new Church in India to the Christianity but never regarded as mother Church in America. This its cause. With remarkable te- was in fuII accord with the spirit nacity, the successors of these men of those times and with the tradi- have adhered to these principles, tions of the Church. The mission- with the results apparent today. aries gave all privileges to their Growth by Decades Indian brothers, and took all priv- ileges to themselves. The result The following figures show the has been that as rapidly as Indians development of this Church in the have developed they have taken a number of communicants and their place of equality with missionaries contributions: in church courts, and with a true generosity they have ever accorded 1858 1878 1908 1918 1928 to the missionaries the relationship Communieants 4 211 14,202 32,557 43,895 of true brotherhood within those ~ontri~~~l':….,: . ~~244 $3,012 $5,910 $18,622 courts. The contributions noted contain At the present time, there is one only congregational funds, and not any fees in schools or hospitals. In Synod, composed of six presbyevaluating these contributions, it teries with ninety-seven congregamust be remembered that the aver- tions and ninety unorganized age laborer's wage is about twenty mission stations. Necessarily with times greater in America than in the great ingatherings from among India. a people so universally illiterate as First Fruits The first converts, in 1857, were the Chuhras are, the task of organ- a high caste Hindu, two men from izing has been a difficult one. It is '726 only through the exercise of skill grievance against the acting pasand patience that Presbyterianism tor. He informed the elder that he has been made to fit the situation. would be debarred from the com- Notwithstanding the difficulties munion unless he repented and where organization and methods paid up. When I raised the queshave been adapted to village condi- tion of his competence to debar an tions, remarkable progress has elder from the communion, he very been made. patiently explained to me that these Presbyterian forms were not An Adaptation of Presbyterian made for a village congregation Discipline with illiterate village elders, and that for the sake of the puritY of As an example of adaptation, the Church we must not permit the following might be cited. Our A NEWLY ORDAINED ELEVEN. MUCH DEPENDS ON THE VILLAGE SESSION head evangelist in the district was mere forms to interfere with esa wise and experienced minister sential righteousness. who was thoroughly respected by the Christian community. We had The next day the elder came to arrived at a village where a com- the service and sulked in the back munion service was to be con- of the audience, debarred from tHe ducted by the evangelist. In the preparatory meeting on Saturday ordinance of which he was by orevening, he found an elder whose dination one of the dispensers. payments toward the salary had Early Monday morning, as we been discontinued because of a were preparing to move our camp, the elder and his pastor came to the door of the tent, hand in hand,

with smiling faces. The elder ex- reduced almost to the intelligence plained that the night before he and feeling of animals. Scores of had not been able to sleep for instances might be recited to illusshame, that he had risen and gone trate the reality of their religious to his pastor, confessed his folly, change. paid all his arrears, and that now he wished to be restored to good Living Faith standing in the church and his office. We had a wonderful little One wet winter afternoon, the prayer meeting in the tent. Then head evangelist and I sat for sevthe head evangelist restored the eral hours in a village hut crowded elder to good and regular standing with people sitting among the cows in the congregation of which he and buffaloes that were being shelwas an ordained elder. tered from the pouring rain out- side. There were no Christians in Of course as the church develops this village, but many candidates in experience and intelligence, for baptism had been prepared by measures such as this are more an enthusiastic evangelist and rare and less necessary, and per- were being examined for admission haps any system must be flexible to the church. The next day over enough to permit its adaptation to forty persons were baptized and a unusual conditions. group was started on the way to become a congregation. In the The "Mass Movement" two years following, they had had no resident pastor or teacher, but In order to appreciate what has had built a little shelter of a been accomplished in the growth thatched roof laid upon forked of this Church, one must know sticks and without walls. This something of the social conditions they called their church, and here in India, and particularly the so- they gathered for daily worship. cial degradation of the aboriginal Through all those months they had people. This social degradation endured persecution from thfl has no parallel in human society. farmers whose serfs they were. It is from among these people, who in the Punjab are called Chuhras, One afternoon there appeared that the great majority of the com- suddenly at my door three or four municants of this Church have men who were evidently much agibeen gathered. tated. The night before a Hindu girl had been murdered in this vil- Too hasty conclusions, however, lage and her jewelry stolen. The must not be formed with reference police accused a Christian boy of to the acceptance of Christianity the murder, and subjected his wife by the Chuhras. It never has been to most distressing torture under an easy thing for them to leave which she had confessed the guilt their age-long social customs, their of her husband, and now the boy mud altars, and often their friends was in jail. Would I intercede for and families, to become Christians. him? No, I would not interfere in Thousands have endured persecu- a criminal case in the court but tion and few have secured material would go to the village 'he next help after baptism. The movement day. has been essentially the result of the Gospel reaching the hearts of On arriving there, the young men, although its touch has often wife rushed screaming, to throw been light upon minds and hearts herself on the ground, catch me

THE STORY OF AN INDIAN CHURCH

around the feet, and implore me to Self-Supporting Congregations free her husband and save her soul In the beginning of the Mission, as she had perjured herself under there was great concern that protorture. I remained in the village vision be made for the support of for hours, and was almost sure of the church by the Indian people. the innocence of the young man, Repeated references to the subject but was firm in declining to offer are found in the records of the any interference at the court in a Board and of the Mission. It is a criminal case. I explained to the question as to how much progress people that if the young man was would have been made, however, innocent, God could deliver him in if it had not been for the great answer to their prayers. They spiritual quickening that came to arranged to meet every night for certain of the Indian men. In the prayer for his deliverance. revival of 1896, following the visit of General Booth of the Salvation The young man was speedily Army to India, one of the pastors was greatly stirred and took a vow tried by an English judge and was A VILLAGE CHURCH sentenced to be hanged. All during his stay in prison he had in- that he would from that time forth sisted upon his innocence, and had take his support only from the In- dian Church. He was joined by shown a wonderful faith in the three of the seminary students in power of Christ to free him from this purpose, and through the years these have been joined by a any sentence. The day after that devoted band of fellow pastors. There are now sixty-eight selfset for his execution we were re- supporting congregations in the turning home from a distant point Church. through his village. I had been The Church in America might dreading the meeting with his well sit at the feet of this, her people. When we arrived there, Punjabi child, and learn lessons in stewardship. Poor with a poverty although it was mid-afternoon, the of which we can have no conceppeople were gathered in the little tion, they have given to the makshack which they called the church, ing of many rich. In many a and we heard their singing before village home, where the family we entered the village. When they practically lives on a ration, with saw us, they came rushing from so many fistfuls of meal being dealt the church with the news that the boy had been pardoned and sent home.

We called the boy and questioned him. All he knew was that on the morning on which he was to have been hanged the judge called for him and told him that he was free, giving him railway fare to return to his village. He said, "We all knew that Christ would deliver me just the way you had taught us." I was ashamed that I had taught them that Christ would deliver him and then had not believed that He would.

out for each member of the house- cated ministry in the midst of such hold before the baking, the house- crying need for pastors of churches wife puts into "God's jar" every composed of illiterate village peo- tenth fistful of meal. Such is a ple. At first none having less than fellowship that must enrich the a grammar school education were giver. admitted to the seminary; then While missionaries and pastors the standard was raised to admit are ever being made heartsick by only those having a high school the ignorance, superstition and training; now none are admitted degradation of the mass of the of lower qualifications than uni- Christian people, within that versity intermediate (junior col- Church there have repeatedly been lege) training. In 1915, the first such spiritual impulses as to keep man having a university degree hope and faith bright and strong. was graduated from the seminary In 1858, the missionaries reported and ordained. There are now sevwith joy the reflections they saw in eral such in training. The sem- India of the great revival of that inary has always been controlled year in America. These were es- by the Synod, which owns the en- tire plant used for its work. pecially marked among soldiers Money for land and buildings was and civilians' of the European pop- contributed from America. The ulation. In 1896, there came salaries of the missionary profesmarked times of refreshing to many schools, stations, and congre- sors are paid by the American gations. In 1904, there began the Church, but those of the two In- Sialkot Convention with its tides dian professors by the Church in of blessing reaching far beyond the India.

borders of the Punjab. Granted Space does not permit a discus- all the faith, courage and devotion sion of the interest of the Church of missionaries and pastors, with- in education in general. The cur- out these spiritual quickenings the riculum for the training of Chris- Church would have fallen far short tian youth ranges all the way from of her present accomplishments. the 150 Mission village schools For nothing else do pastors and through the university.

missionaries pray so earnestly as Evangelism and Missionary Spirit that this deep spiritual tide may be ever rising and filling the The proof of the vitality of a Church with divine power. church must be its evangelistic Christian Education and missionary efforts. Through all the years the spirit of evangel- From its begining, the Mission ism has been cultivated and the di- developed an educational work. rect and simple preaching of the Almost the first undertaking was Gospel has never been forsaken by theological training of two Chris- missionaries or pastors. In every tian workers in "didactic theology, station every year is held a summer the original languages of the Scrip- school, lasting generally for two or tures, Biblical criticism, and three weeks. Here the pastors, Church history." In 1871, there evangelists, and Christian teach- was established a theological sem- ers are gathered for Bible study inary which has had a difficult task and devotional meetings. Great to keep up the standard of an edu- stress is laid upon the obligation of

the Christian to witness to his since, that work has been mainfaith. tained with the support secured and the administration cared for Every winter there is a simul- by this Board of Home Missions. taneous campaign of evangelism. At this time a week or ten days is In 1916, the Mission gave over given by each congregation to the to the Synod, at its request, part preaching of the Gospel among the of a district adjacent to the field non-Christians and the selling of occupied by the Church, and in New Testament portions. Even 1927, the Synod assumed the supthe most ignorant members are port and administration of a whole trained to go out and sell these district. Negotiations are now Scripture portions and witness to under way between the Mission the power that they contain. There and the Synod for the latter to ashave been some remarkable results. sume the administration of all evangelistic work being done by If ever a Church could make a the Mission, together with the budlegitimate excuse for not helping get being received from America others because it had enough to do for that work. to help itself, this would be that Church. In 1908, as the result of Eoth missionaries and pastors revival, the Synod established a would be quick to admit, and would Board of Home Missions composed even insist, that this Church is entirely of Indian men. This ignorant and defective and is Board selected the most difficult scarcely more than embryonic in field it could find within the con- its development. Yet it proves fines of the Mission, sending its that the Gospel of Christ is indeed men out into a new territory the power of God unto salvation, among bigoted Moslems on the and is an earnest of what that Gosfrontier. For the twenty years pel will yet do for India.

CHRIST THE SIGNIFICANT FORCE IN INDIA Whether we look at India from the political, the social, the economic, the educational, the religious, or industrial point of view, the one force which is of the greatest significance is the Living Christ. He is th6' greatest dynamic and creative force in India to-day. I say this with great care and earnestness, for I realize how foolish it will sound to many, and how visionary to others. But when one reads history, when one studies the trends for the betterment of life-personal, social and national, and most of all when one walks in daily fellowship with Him, then it is that such a realization grows to conviction, but a conviction which bears the stamp of utter reality and fact. He is actually lifting men. He is changing men's lives. He is drawing men unto Himself. He is recreating institutions and customs, and He is creating in men a new life. And when I scan the horizon I see no comparable force.-Paul J. Braised, American Baptist, Telugu Mission, India.

EDUCATION IN

BY ARTHUR T. MAYHEW, C.LE.

Ji'O>rmer Got:ernmcnt Director of Public Instruction in the Central Provinces, India N O ONE could accuse the Some home critics suggest that Christian missionary in In- educational ambition leads mis- d i a of self-complacency. sions to neglect their evangelical The Commission which is to inves- calling; while perhaps as many tigate his educational work in that protest that the evangelist must country will find a congenial at- follow in the tracks of the school- mosphere of genuine humility. It master. We hope that the Com- will not bring to light many defects mission will not try to "reconcile"

or problems hitherto ignored by claims which are really indistin- labourers in the field. But by the guishable from one another. The marshalling of facts and figures education that India needs is evan- which individual missions and peri- gelical education, saturated with odic conferences have had no time the spirit of Christianity. The to assemble, and by a comprehen- Christianity that India needs is sive survey of their significance, it enlightened Christianity that not will be able to indicate which of only appeals to the heart, but en- the many problems are the most lists all the faculties in the devel- vital and to suggest perhaps a opment of the arts and sciences more scientific method of ap- under the guidance of the Holy proaching them. The information Spirit. The Commission's task is that it will give to isolated work- to see how, on the one hand, mis- ers all over India concerning aims, sion education can be made more methods and results in other parts Christian, and how, on the other of the vast field will in itself jus- hand, broad and comprehensive tify its establishment. To some curricula, conceived in a Christian extent its path has been prepared spirit with reference to national by the systematic labors of the All needs, can be more effectively India and Provincial Missionary taught.

Councils. But the inclusion in the About seventy-five years ago, Commission of members with ex- Alexander Duff and John Wilson pert knowledge of educational determined the broad lines on work outside India guarantees a which mission education has since freshness of view that will be wel- advanced and in particular its rela- comed by these Councils in whom tions to the Government system of familiarity with the problems has education. Today, in British In- bred not contempt for the prob- dia, '" missions are responsible for lems so much as diffidence in them- the education of more than 347,000 selves. It will also reassure organ- scholars and spend from their own isers and supporters of mission funds, pupils' fees and Government work in the home countries whose grants, more than £777,000 ($3,- uneasiness regarding Christian education in India is not always • Except where otherwise stated, the statisallayed by mission reports conspic- tiCR and opinions contaiIwd in this article refer uous for their honesty rather than for their optimism. to British India. The writer is aware of the importaJl~e of the work uwlertaken hy missions in the stutes ruled hy the Indian Princes. but has no accurate information regarding its progress and prol)]cms.

732 885,000) thereon. For India as a The Commission may then try to whole, including native states, they ascertain from parents and exeducate 646,000 scholars, spending students whether mission instituon them more than $8,000,000. tions have for them any such dis- These figures indicate the heavy tinctive aim and atmosphere. They responsibility that they have in- are too likely to find that the chief curred. So far, however, as num- purpose which these institutions bers go, mission institutions play are supposed to serve is prepararelatively a less important part to- tion for public examinations. The day than they did in 1854 when they devout lives and personal examples came into the government system. of missionaries and individual Though they are responsible for masters, the disciplinary effect of the 251'0 of the girls in high schools school and hostel, daily prayers and and for 20% of the women who are Bible instruction, will have meant taking a university course, the pro- much for many of them. But unportion in the case of male scholars derlying all this will be a convicis much smaller, amounting in the tion that the schools' operations case of primary schools to only 3%. have been determined by examina- tions in which religion plays no What Duff did not and could not part, by courses of instruction anticipate was the growth, side by framed by authorities pledged to side with government and mission religious neutrality and by examinstitutions, of colleges and schools ination exigencies which have controlled by local authorities de- involved the exclusion from odibarred from all religious opera- nary instruction of every item tions, by private Indian agencies calculated to stimulate religious indifferent to religion, and by managing bodies animated by a interest. A teacher who is to be distinctively Mohammedan or Bud- an effective agent in securing a dhist spirit. He would probably diploma for his pupils cannot conbe the first to admit that the sys- centrate attention on aspects of a subject which examiners are comtem of education of which mission pelled to ignore. The Government institutions now form a part could Inspection Report must make no not be described as a whole, by the reference to religious instruction, most optimistic observer, as a which is discreetly kept out of the way on inspection days and so be- Christian system. comes in the eyes of parents and One of the most interesting and pupils a by-product.

significant educational institutions The Commission may then proin India today is that supported ceed to investigate the aims and and inspired by the Bengali poet, methods of the Hindu University Rabindranath Tagore. It will be at Benares and the Mohammedan worth while for the Commission to University at Aligarh. Among inquire why Tagore, one of the fin- much that may be open to critiest educational minds in India, cism, they will find proof in these keeps "Shantiniketan" (abode of universities of a conviction that Hindu and Mohammedan culture peace) outside the system of edu- and religion demand for their decation organised and controlled by velopment and expression instituthe Government. One of his rea- tions and systems of public examsons is certainly that inclusion in ination which emphasize, in a such a system would mean the loss of the schools' distinctive aim and individual atmosphere.

manner that impresses the general and economic aspiratians that the public, what is distinctive in their student world derives from the attraditions. And they will ask masphere af nationalism in which themselves whether it is nat prac- it lives, and to emphasize the conticable to. devise for Christian In- tributian that the Western world dia a system af distinctively Chris- expects from India. In particular, tian schools cUlminating in and it must learn that the Christ wham dominated by a Christian univer- they are to find on the Indian Road sity, and whether such a system is to be born again in India. might nat exist side by side with the "neutral" Gavernment system, That the first object of mission while cantinuing, like the Hindu education must be the edification and Mahammedan universities, to of the Christian community will enjoy the recognition and financial probably be accepted by all. Sta- tistically there is no. Indian comassistance of the Gavernment. munity in India, except the Parsee, The Commissian will nate in this which appraaches the Christian achievements in education. And cannectian that missian institu- the Parsees, as a small non-prasetians in British India receive from lytising and materially prosperous public funds slightly more than the cammunity, may be left aut af acsum of nearly £217,000 ($1,085,- count. Of the Indian Christian 000), that their supporters can- male papulatian 19%, and of the female 5% are under instructian, tribute and enjay a fee incame of as campared with seven and eight over £200,000 ($1,000,000). Anx- per cent of the Hindu and seven ious enquiry into. the bearing af and one per cent of the Mohammepolitical questions an the expecta- dan population. The papulatian af tion of support from the Govern- schaalgaing age af India is usually ment and the public will prabably taken at about 1570 of the tatal papulatian. Viewed relatively ar reveal that there has been no with- absalutely, the Christian figures drawal af such suppart during the are amazingly gaad, if the mass ten years that educatian in each movements tawards Christianity pravince has been cantralled by an and the large additian af illiterate Indian Minister responsible to a converts in recent years are barne Provincial Council, and will sug- in mind. Christian male students gest that a large measure of inde- of universities represent 12 in pendence, if wan by India, will not every 10,000 af the tatal male be detrimental to. any system of Christian papulation, against five af mission education, however dis- and two per cent far Hindus and tinctively Christian, pravided that Mohammedans respectively. Feit is also consistent with national male Christian university students aspirations and conducive to the are nearly as numeraus as Hindu cultural development of India. students who. represent a papula- tion nearly 80 times as large, and How this can best be secured will are ten times as numeraus as Mano. daubt farm one impartant sec- hammedan students who. came tian of the Commission's enquiry. fram a papulation 28 times as For a larger measure of Oriental large. studies there seems unfartunately to be no demand. But a mare de- But there are dangers ahead. Of terminated effart must be made to recognise and direct in all higher educatian, the palitical, cultural

MISSION EDUCATION IN INDIA

the Christian population 20% are monly described as "lehvening the still illiterate. With an annual in- lump." It is due to men such as came of abaut 10,000 converts, the Miller of Madras, and to colleges number of those requiring a Chris- like Wilson College, Bombay, that tian primary school is growing the intelligentsia of India has been rapidly. The number af Christian infected and inspired by Christian pupils in primary schaols exceeds influence and that social and re- the total enrollment of mission ligious reform movements, both primary schools; as these contain Hindu and Mohammedan, have ac- many non-Christian pupils there quired a distinctive Christian fla- must be very many Christian pu- vor. What has to be decided is the pils in non-Christian schools. The extent to. which principles, un- fact that missions are bearing 13% doubtedly sound, can wisely be of the burden of university educa- supplied. Soup cannot be watered tian and only three per cent of the progressively withaut losing its primary education af India, sug- efficacy. One suspects a weaken- gests that they may be, like In- ing in the motive power of Chris- dians as a whole, devating tao tianity when one visits mission much of their funds and energy to institutions where 75% or more of higher education and building on the staff and pupils are non-Chris- too narrow a base. If Christian tian, where Christian inspiration India is resolved to. share in the depends an the weekly visit of an education of nan-Christian India, overwarked missionary, and where is not the educatian of the masses local popularity is due either to entitled to mare attention? And comparatively low fees or com- are not the towns getting more paratively goad examination re- than the villages from them? sults.

No Christian community can be The consistent Christian mis- expected to confine its educational sion institution of today is ethically benefits to its professed adherents. far mare influential than the aver- But it must guard against any sur- age Government institution. Few render of Christian interests. We wauld claim the same superiarity are indeed taught to give freely of for the average mission institution our best to others; but we must without searching examination not, for the sake of others, sur- which it is to be hoped the Com- render what is essential to prep- missian will carry out. Mere add- aration for Christian service. ing to the number of Hindu and Christian pravision for the educa- Mohammedan graduates in India tion of non-Christians in India is is not an essential portion of the justifiable an three conditions: Christian Church's task. There is (a) that the needs of the Christian no lack of other work more dis- community have been adequately tinctively Christian in aim by met; (b) that Christian life and which local opinions can be con- teaching are a vital and essential ciliated and contact with non- part of the education provided; Christian society maintained.

and (c) that the atmosphere is not Arrangements for the supply of unfavorably affected by a predom- Christian teachers to meet present inance of non-Christian masters needs and future development and scholars. must be carefully investigated. It Great and honored names are is impossible to get statistical in- associated with the process com- formation regarding the number

Qf Christian teachers in India; the unfit fQr academic studies into. absence of figures suggests the commercial or industrial trainneed fQr a cQmprehensive survey. ing-all these CQncern the missiQn The 18 missiQn training schQQls educatiQnists just as much as Edu- catiQn Departments of India. with 960 students may suffice fQr MQre particularly, the Hartog Rethe 278,000 Christians under in- port emphasizes the grQwing need structiQn, but there are altogether for expert guidance, if education 347,000 scholars for whom the mis- is to be less wasteful and more sions are responsible. effective. To the stock Qf expert opiniQn the coming Commission The CQmmissiQn will study with will make a valuable cQntribution. special interest the recent Report If it does its work properly, its Qf the HartQg Committee, which members will return wiser but not, we hope, sadder, men. What is, has investigated Indian education perhaps, most important, they will fQr the StatutQry CQmmissiQn deal- by their devoted labors give a coning with the Indian cQnstitutiQn. vincing proQf to. India that Chris- The prQblems which this report tian missions are determined to emphasizes-the short school life find enlightened and effective and irregular attendance in pri- means of advancing the moral and mary schQols, the need for a material welfare Qf that CQntinent. broader basIs fQr secQndary education, the development of vocational aptitude, and the diversion Qf thQse VILLAGE CHURCH CRISIS IN INDIA BY REV. C. H. LOEHLlN ]fissfonary of the Prcs1J1fteria.n Church in the U. R. A.

C RISES in the mission fields the Outcaste. FQr nearly a hun- seem perennial; but they dred years, in our Punjab Mission are none the less real and area, God has been chQosing. "the challenging for that. The crisis base things of the world, and the that at present faces the village things that are despised, yea, and church Qf India, is, on the one the things that are nQt," fQr buildhand, encouraging; for it has been ing the village church. For long brQught about largely Qn aCCQunt years the missionary and the Inof aggressive evangelistic work in dian evangelist labored amQng the the villages. On the other hand, Qutcastes alone, without let or hinit presents a cQmpeliing challenge drance. But not so any IQnger. bQth to. the Church in India, and The Hindus and the Mohammealso to the Church in America to. dans are now awake to the potenredouble Qur evangelistic effQrts tial value of this scrapped human nQW, lest we see the peril and gird material. The Hindus are now up our loins when it is too late. appropriating this material to build up their religious and PQliti- What is this crisis? Briefly, in cal community. The Mohammea figUre, it is this. For building dans are doing likewise. The the church, the prime requisite is liberal Hindus, thrQugh their Arya material. In India, the material Somaj SQciety, even send out mishas been that thrown out on the siQnaries to. the depressed classes. waste heap by Hinduism, namely,

VILLAGE CHURCH CRISIS IN INDIA

The material that is immediately and political upheaval not only are available for building up and the Hindus and Mohammedans re- strengthening the village Chris- acting to the dynamic of evangeli-· tian Church is in danger of slip- cal Christianity and to the impact ping beyond our grasp. of Western civilization and cul- Missionaries cannot evangelize ture, striving to increase prestige India. That must be done by the and influence by enrolling the out- Indian Church. We missionaries castes and by directly attacking must work through and with the Christianity, but the outcastes Indian Church. Good strategy themselves are aroused and on the would seem to say, "Evangelize move. They have organizations India's villages by building up the and hold conventions. The Maz- village church as rapidly as pos- habi Sikhs (outcaste hangers-on sible. Tackle the problem of high of the Sikhs) some time ago held caste evangelization through the a convention and issued a printed Christian Church." And yet, after statement in Punjabi to this ef- nearly one hundred years, we have fect : "We are tired of being in our mission area a total Chris- treated like cattle by the Sikhs.

tian community of only 42,000, out We ought to stand upon our own of a total outcaste community of feet. We intend to unite ourselves about 750,000. In other words, we with either the Arya, the Moham- have effectively reached only about medan, or the Christian religion, one-twentieth of the outcaste com- whichever can wipe out caste dis- munity we are responsible for. tinctions and receive us."

Nineteen-twentieths are still out- Is not this a fact full of signifi- side the Christian community. We cance and encouragement? The have not, in many cases, had the village church is weak, yet the re- resources, human and material, to ligion it represents is placed by hold those we have gained, to say these outcastes on a par with nothing of extending our efforts. Hinduism and Mohammedanism, Of this 42,000 baptized com- with all their prestige and wealth.

munity, it should be noted that Our missionary efforts have been only about 5,000 are full communi- inadequate, yet they have been re- cant church members and only spected by friends and foes alike.

about one-eighth have been effec- The outcaste may be depressed and tively taught. It is this infant illiterate but he is no fool. He church that must withstand the knows that his first friends were onslaughts of such organizations the Christians, and that today he as the Arya Samaj of the Hindus, can have real fellowship only from and the Ahmadiya sect of the Mo- the Christians. He wants to stand hammedans, both of which make on his own feet and get some- Christianity the special object of where; but he is puzzled. He their attacks. The Church in would probably like to come our India must meet organized opposi- way, and enter the Christian fold, tion which has wealth, tradition, as many of his friends and rela- and education back of it. Can the tives have already done; but he is Church in America fail to stand flattered by the attention of his back of the Church in India in this masters who once decreed him an time of crisis? outcaste. Will the Church receive . In this time of religious, social, him and see him through?

2 BY THE REV. ERDMANN D. BEYNON PaBtM, Oentenary Magyar Methodist Ohurch, Detroit, Michigan T HOUGH the strait which di- danced in the light of the flame of vides Bali from Java is so the funeral pyre. It was an at- narrow that one can easily tempt to portray the mysteries of look across it on a clear day, a life and death, joy arid pain, the whole world of thought divides the hero tales of the Mahabharata and two islands. Since Islam over- the Ramayana and the craving of threw the Majapahit dynasty in the soul for release from its temple Java four centuries ago, Hinduism of clay. When the dance was has been extinct on the larger is- ended, Szoemba lay exhausted on land; but the worship of Siva the ground beside the smouldering flourishes today on, Bali as per- pyre. Her American admirer haps nowhere even in India. The picked her up, paid her relatives beauty of Bali's scenery, the splen- the 2,000 Netherlands forint-the dor of its temples and the artless price of a bride-and took her to charm of its inhabitants combine live with him in a hut he had built in drawing to this remote island in the dense woods on the moun- travelers from the entire civilized tainside. They were not left unworld. Such a traveler in search of disturbed in their sylvan retreat.

adventure was Arnaldo Cipolla, a It was that very summer of 1926 young Italian who spent some when Batoer began to belch forth months in Bali in the summer of lava upon all the surrounding 1926. For a time he made his countryside. From the devastated headquarters at the pasanggrahan villages the bewildered peasants or resthouse built by the Dutch flocked toward the lake. They Government for the use of travel- pas sed Szoemba's hut. They ers, high up in the mountains at stopped and begged her to appease Kintamani. Near by is the double- the angry god. "Perchance it is coned active volcano of Batoer, one through love of you that Siva is of the mountains of Goenoeng destroying our country. Will you Agoeng, the mass of high moun- give yourself to him to save your tains which fills the eastern end of people?" The American begged her Bali. to flee with him to safety. It was In a neighboring village he saw of no avail. "I must save my peo- fourteen-year-old Szoemba, one of pIe," Szoemba said. Once more the Legong dancing girls at Siva's . she put on the golden crown and temple. Cipolla tells how a young the garment of glittering silk. At- American, who also was staying at tended by the weird music of the the resthouse at that time, became gamelang, she advanced from her madly in love with the beautiful hut directly toward the volcano. Szoemba. It was the occasion of In time the American heard the her last dance, in honor of the cre- gamelang no longer. It had ceased mation of the body of a prince of to play. The natives who escorted one of the native dynasties. With her toward the volcano were hur- a gold crown on her head and a rying back. But Szoemba did not .garment of sparkling silk, she come back. The eruption ceased 738

BELOVED OF SIVA

shortly after. When the lava a r y Society-Utrechtsche Zend- cooled they found her body. The ingsvereeniging-has done work gold crown had melted into her on Bali. After many vicissitudes face. Her body had been burnt to it seems to have gained a stable cinders. The peasants guard her foothold. As long as Bali re- memory, for they believe that her mained "unspoiled," as the Tourist willing sacrifice of herself to Siva Agencies put it, such missionary saved them from his anger. effort was probably equal to the Szoemba's dance· of de a t h situation. Today, however, Bali startled Cipolla and showed him is receiving such publicity as it that he had only partially under- never received before, in America, stood the Balinese character. On England, Italy, France, Germany, the surface the Balinese seem to be Hungary and many other coun- all softness, creatures of sunshine tries. It is being represented as a and dance and song. Yet there veritable garden of Eden, where were few places in all the Nether- the "tired businessman" may go lands East Indies where the Dutch and sate himself with pleasure at had a more desperate struggle to the expense of the innocent, mirth- gain control. .In 1844 the Rajas of ful inhabitants. Pictures of Balin- Boeleleng – the principality of ese maidens with sarongs reaching North Bali, to which belonged up only to their waists and carry- Singaradja, the present capital- ing on their heads offerings of and Karangasem-the principality fruit, flowers and rice to the tem- at the east of the island-asserted ples-such are the advertisements their "shore rights," i. e., the right which some tourist and steamship to loot wrecked ships. From that agencies use to induce adventurers time on the Dutch sent expedition to visit Bali.

after expedition against one after Bali will not long be unspoiled.

another of the nine principalities Can it be won for Christ before of Bali. It was only in 1908 that the adventurers of Western lands Dutch rule became supreme over ruin the very soul of the people?

the entire island, though even now Can that heroism such as Szoemba the regents of Bangli and Gianjar displayed be turned toward the and the Raja of Karangasem still salvation of the Balinese from enjoy some shadow of autonomy moral ruin? The most prominent under Dutch supervision. The feature of the Balinese landscape assertion of "shore rights" and the today is the ever-present poera or long struggle of these petty princi- village temple. If these temples palities against the foreign invader could be transformed from the showed that the Balinese have a worship of Siva to that of Christ, sterner, darker side to their char- Bali might not be so attractive to acter. the adventurer from the West, but The Balinese to-day n u m b e r the Balinese race would be saved roughly one million, and they pre- from its doom, a doom which sent to Christianity one of its big- awaits it in a very few years un- gest challenges in this decade. For less Christian missionaries use this many years the Utrecht Mission- opportunity.

POVERTY-STRICKEN CHRISTIANS DE-

VELOP SELF-SUPPORTING CHURCHES?

BY THE REV. GEORGE H. TRULL " T Secr6tary~ Presbyterian Board of l?Qrciyn Missions, New York HE poverty of China is and his reputation. It will be great, for I was born there necessary to call on the borrower and have seen it. But it is for the interest as he will likely nothing like that of India where I forget the day it is due. He has no now live." This is the substance calendar in his mud hut and one of a statement made to me some day is much like another. It may time ago by one of our missionary take much time to extract an anna women. I have just spent two from a borrower who declares he months in India and am now on has not got it. Harsh words and my way to China via Siam and the blows may be necessary. This Philippines. I expect to see pov- means exertion, particularly in the erty in China in the wake of the hot season when the thermometer armies and the brigands. Neither is 120 degrees in the shade. It is one leaves much behind. Yet the a gambler's chance on the return Chinese are thrifty. I am told that of the principle, this tending of a Chinese village always has three money to the poor Indian villager.

animals-a pig, a chicken and a So the money lender, for self-pro- dUCk. What the pig leaves from tection as well as for reimburse- the family larder, the chicken gets, ment for his effort-and it is real and what the chicken misses in the work-charges a rate of interest pool or canal the duck swallows. that seems to us like getting back I doubt if the average Indian viI- your money on the installment lager has such a well stocked farm plan. At any rate, this system is yard. In fact he is a farm laborer one which results in keeping· the with a wage of about two to four average villager in debt for the cents a day. Finding it difficult to rest of his life, and it gives the support his family on this sum, he money lender plenty of exercise, approaches the money lender. If vocal and pedal, in collecting his the latter is willing to accommo- interest.

date him with a loan at the "low If perchance the villager has a rate" of one anna per month for marriageable daughter, or worse each rupee, the borrower has as- luck more than one such liability, sumed an obligation of paying 12 the cost of the wedding ceremony annas per year on 16 loaned, or will never be less than one year's 750/0. If the money lender has income. It may be more. He visions of more than ordinary diffi- simply cannot "lose face" in his culty in collecting his principle, he community by "bucking" age-old will likely charge from 125 to custom. He accepts the inevitable, 200%. throws prudence to the winds, If this appears to you as usury, feeds everybody with rice and ponder this fact. The intending curry, and sinks deeper into debt.

borrower probably has no other I draw this picture so that you collateral than his earning capacity may see its relation to the problem 740 of developing a self-supporting to help those abroad who help Church by the villagers of India. themselves. Therefore I was in- We need this setting for our prob- terested to learn what the local lem. Otherwise we shall not under- Christians would do. This touched stand it and might reach false the heart of the problem. We sepconclusions because of wrong arated with this challenge. promises. A sympathetic acquaintance with conditions is essential. Since further contact with vil- lage conditions in all of Presby- I must confess that upon my terian Missions in India, I have first contact with India's poverty- concluded that it will not take a stricken Christians, I was dis- century for the Church to reach self-support. Only to a limited exmayed. The situation seemed well tent was I able to see what some nigh hopeless. I reasoned that of the other Mission Boards in perhaps in a hundred years, when India are doing with this question the economic level may be higher of self support. However, I have and the income of the village Chris- seen the report* of a very complete tians greater, they may be able to survey of conditions made over an support the Church. But this is a extensive area, and I have been long time to· wait. Two months heartened by the facts it presents. have slipped by since I sat one I want to share with you some of morning under the open sky at a its information. village edge, conferring with the leading men and the district mis- I am convinced that self-support sionary about their need of a in India and in every other land is church building.. One of them de- a spiritual problem. It is also an clared that more important than economic problem, psychological building the church was the remis- problem, and an educational probsion of the poll tax of eight annas lem, but these latter are suba year (16 cents) on each family. ordinate however to the main one. As I was a foreigner, he seemed to In the last analysis, it comes down think that I had sufficient author- to just this: Has the individual ity with the Government to regu- sufficient spiritual life to do what late the taxes! One needs only to is required? Economic status may get away from home, you see, to affect the amount of the gift, but be lifted to a place of honor, im- it will not determine the quality aginary though it may be. It was of it or effect the practice of givplain that this brother could not be ing. The psychological attitude dealt with on a spiritual level. I of inability to give which so many was glad that others in the group of the villagers of India, and of strenuously opposed his view. America for that matter, have, can They had some spiritual insight. be changed through education, One even suggested that if all the provided the individual is spirit- Christians would pray for ten days ually and not carnally minded. consecutively for the necessary land, one of the land owners of the If the whole matter is put upon community would give it to them. a spiritual plane at the outset, This revealed progress in our in- there is certainty of success. That terview. Through an interpreter this is not merely theoretical and I tried to get across to them the pious reasoning, I shall prove from idea that American Christians like * Self-Support jn Village Chul'ches, A r€'port of a survey, by C. H. Loehlin.

facts presented in Mr. Loehlin's Christian Church take them into report. I heard the statements account?

presented that morning on the edge It is being done in certain quart- of the village summed up in, "We ers. In the district of Dornakal in are too poor to give." I heard it East Central India, the Indian again in places inside and outside Anglican Bishop heartily believes of India. I knew that those who in self-support. A village congre- said it were poor. Some of them gation planned to build a 500 rupee probably poorer than anybody in church. They asked aid from the the United States. But even so, Diocesan Fund. The Bishop told they are not too poor to give some- them he knew a better way than thing. I feel that a mistake has that to get the money. He called been made in too ready acceptance together the women of the congre- by the Church in America and by gation and asked them what could some of the missionaries of the be done. They all thought the psychological attitude "too poor to church was too poor to raise the give." Judged by our American money. "Will all the women who standards of living, it is easy and prepare only one meal a day for natural to accept the statement the family, please come over to that a person who seldom if ever this side," said the Bishop. Not knows the satisfaction of having one arose. It was evident that had enough to eat, and who is im- every family had at least two meals mersed in debt, is too poor to give a day. There was some grain at anything, even to the Lord's work. hand, so the Bishop said: "I want Yet such persons can give work or you to give for the building of your a part of their daily food, rice or church enough grain or flour, each other grain, and occasionally, when day, as will reach up to the middle they have any money they can give joint of your fingers, when you a portion of that. measure out the grain for the fam- In developing giving, we should ily meal. He then measured out ask: What support before conver- before them what would make a sion have the people given to their week's offering of this sort. With former religion? One person told eighty families making contribu- me that converts could not be ex- tions in this manner, the value at pected to give as much to the sup- the end of a year would equal about port of Christianity as to idolatry, 150 rupees. The women saw the because Christianity lifts them to point and agreed to try this better a higher social plane with conse- plan. What was the result? The quent higher cost of family mainte- first year's gifts amounted to more nance. The amount spent in the than 150 rupees. At the end of the support of idolatry, even by the three years, the congregation de- poor, is in the aggregate a huge cided that they would like to have sum annually. The Hindu shop- a church worth double what they keeper, when he opens his shop had originally planned and they each day, puts a pice (0 cent) decided to build it all from their aside for the temple. The income own offerings. Compute what the from land owned by the Hindu members of that church gained in temple goes to the priest. The spiritual values by their own ef- Hindus are accustomed to these in- forts. They secured values that digenous methods of the support of could come to them in no other religion. Why should not the way. Though the church structure

POVERTY-STRICKEN CHRISTIANS

was delayed, every member was in things practical, carpentry and growing in grace and was experi- weaving, so that he can go into a encing the daily joy of giving. village and support himself while Their building is a monument to a conducting religious services and method which can be copied any- teaching the children to read.

where in the foreign field. It is Seven men thus trained are now not patented nor copyrighted. in service. A like number of Mis- Another indigenous method in sion paid workers are thus set free India is the offering at the festival for work elsewhere.

held at harvest time. Pastors have At Ongole, the Baptists are urg- their people assemble. One villager ing self-support by having the In- may bring a chicken, another a dian pastor farm a piece of land goat, another a calf, according to given by the Mission, or work as ability. In the Dornakal Diocese an artisan, say a leather worker.

most of the gifts come from the What the pastors thus earn is sup- daily handsful of grain throughout plemented by the harvest festival the year, the next largest amounts offerings of the Christians. This come from the gifts at the harvest again is an indigenous method. The festivals, and the least amount United Presbyterians in India ex- comes from the subscription lists pect their Indian pastors to be of actual money. These Christians responsible for raising their own are the poorest of the poor; they salaries. It is said that this plan live in straw huts and sleep on the keeps the pastor busy, for the ground. The reason that they give Pun jab i Christian wants his as they do, is because they have money's worth. Unless the pastor been taught to do it from the very is faithful to his duty of teaching, beginning. It was a part of their preaching and visitation, the peo- instruction in the Christian Way ple delay their offerings. In South of Life. They were not considered India the daily gift of grain from "too poor to give." They were the family food supply is generally told that every Christian must give practised by the rural Christians.

according to ability. Consequently Earthenware jars for holding the they have grown up as Christians Lord's par t ion are distributed believing that they should give and among the people and are widely they experience real joy in doing used. The Roman Catholics, who it. The ordinary way of doing would never admit the principle things seems to have been reversed that people are "too poor to give,"

at Dornakal and with excellent re- are said in South India to require sults. Instead of the Mission start- of the fisherfolk the catch on Fri- ing the work and then gradually day for the Church.

withdrawing, the Indian Chris- The individual gifts of the In- tians themselves saw the need in dian Christians in the areas re- Dornakal, began the work, and ferred to are not large, about one now three English missionaries are rupee (36 cents) per year. It may there working under an Indian look pitifully small. In the aggre- Bishop. No expensive buildings gate, however, it is producing self- are put up, but what is within the support, giving large numbers in ability of the Indian Christians to the Church the joy of accomplish- provide and to maintain. While ment developing independent rath- the Indian evangelist is trained in er than dependent, servile, parasitic things Biblical he is also instructed· Christians, the sort of folk on

whom we can depend to do their ing. We must be careful not to share, according to ability, of evan- repress or discourage this expresgelizing their fellow nationals. I sion. The Mission's psychological have drawn most of my illustra- attitude regarding the new betions from India, because if the liever's status must be "ability to Christian Church can attain self- give." "They can who think they support there, poverty stricken as can" was one of the mottoes used most of the Christians are, it can with excellent effect in it series of attain it anywhere. missionary conventions in America some years ago. I commend it to Evangelism which rightly urges the Christians of rising churches the giving of the heart to God must in non-Christian lands. I commend include the giving of possessions. it likewise to those missionaries There has been too much leaning who have the privilege of the early on foreign help in many quarters. training in stewardship of those who are just learning to take the The psychological attitude "too first steps in the way of the life poor" to give can be changed by abundant. education to "I want to give." Love expresses itself in an offer- WORLD-WIDE LUTHERANISM The following statistics from France-Paris Rapt. llfctn, The Lutheran of June 19, are im- Montbeliard …….. . pressively of special interest in Alsace …………. . 27,570 connection with the four hundredth 245,077 anniversary of the Augsburg Con- Holland ………….. . 85,000 Italy ……………. . fession this year. 986 North America COUNTRIES IN WHICH LUTHER- 4,505,286 ANISM IS ACTIVE IN 1930 United States and Canada 13,000 Greenland ………… . 80 Europe Bapt. Mem. Mexico …………… . 158 Cuba ……………. . 1,492 Denmark …………. . 3,364,500 Porto Rico ……….. . 1,961 Iceland …………… . 102,400 Virgin Island ……… . Norway ………….. . 60,817 Sweden ………….. . 2,200,000 South America 6,484 Finland ………….. . 6,051,000 Esthonia …………. . 3,426,060 Brazil …………… . 40,000 Latvia …………… . Argentina ………… . 4,000 Germany …………. . 870,000 Chile ……………. . 4,000 Danzig ………….. . 1,055,167 Paraguay ………… . 3,000 Austria ………….. . 30,182,421 Uruguay …………. . Czecho-Slovakia ……. . Dutch Guiana …….. . 319,440 Poland ………….. . 560 52,000 Lithuania ………… . 248,078 Asia 2,475 Russia …………… . 553,927 Hungary …………. . 537,000 India ……………. . 337,805 Rumania …………. . China ……………. . Jugo-Slavia 60,000 Japan …………… . 45,708 920,000 491 German ………… . 492,695 Africa Slovak …………. . 405,668 Switzerland ………. . Africa 120,000 55,000 Australia 1,000 Australia …………. . New Zealand ……… .

Grand Total of World Lutheranism ……. . 56,122,101

WHAT'S GOING ON IN SUB-CONSCIOUS

INDIA?

BY THE REV. EMIL W. MENZEL lIfissiQrl,ury oj the Eva.rngcliool Synod oj North America T HE 5,000,000 reported Chris- ably far stronger than any direct tians in India are far from appeal a preacher can make. evenly distributed. In some This was well illustrated recent- sections of South India as high as ly in our own field. In the village one-third or even one-half of the of Sankra, five years ago, there population is Christian, while in was not one Christian. Fifteen other large areas there is not a years before a man and his family single Christian. Sakti State, with had become Christian and they a population of about 45,000, has were promptly chased out of the no Christians, while Jaspur State, village. Then, one family became less than a hundred miles away, Christian and remained in Sankra.

has thousands. Nor does it depend Today in that village, after five entirely on how much missionary years, there are 119 Christians, work has been done in any partic- making Sankra perhaps the strong- ular area. Madras, where the In- est outstation in our mission. The dian Christians have become a real state of mind in the two neighbor- power, has probably not had much ing villages is such that we have more missionary attention than reason to hope the thing will be many another section of northern repeated there. There has really or central India where the progress not been any individual responsible has been painfully slow. Even for the happening. It was rather locally we notice the difference. the power of suggestion spreading In Sakti State more work has been through the village.

done and over a longer period of Stanley Jones' brilliant work in time than in Sarangarh State, yet India is based on the assumption in the former perhaps three Chris- that the intelligentsia of India is tians have come out and in the further advanced in Christian latter two hundred. thought than either we or those Its the old story of "unto every- affected have rea liz e d. And one that hath shall be given." The through his meetings and round more Chrstians there are in a 10- table discussions he has drawn into cality the better the chance of in- the conscious mind of numerous creasing numbers. This is partly educated Indians many a Christian due to the fact that, while we all thought with which their subcon- pretend to be leaders, only very scious mind has for some time been few of us really are, but wait for at grips. Sub-conscious India may someone else to show us the way. be nearer Christianity than con- It is also due to the fact that going scious India realizes. At least that in company with others lends us is the impression one gets when both courage and conviction. But one reads the constantly increasing there is still a third reason, namely amount of semi-Christianized liter- that the subconscious appeal, ature which score upon score of which automatically comes through prominent Hindu leaders are turn- seeing other Christians, is prob- ing out. They are simply reading 745

Christian content into their Hindu to the refrain "and they have taken traditions, and realize only faintly, these almost aboriginal and drunk- if at all, the true source from en peoples like the Ouraons and which they are absorbing their Mundaris and made intelligent and ideas. educated peoples of them." He Just the other day I had an ex- recited how the Christian communi- perience which may prove to be an ties, though of most lowly origin example of how the subconscious and in the minority, forced the mind in India is being affected by rajahs of some of the most despotic Christianity. My family and I and backward native states to were on the train going from more progressive rule. I can still Raipur to Sakti. Two Indian hear him repeat and repeat- gentlemen were in the same com- "those Christians are always on partment with us, and from their the side of progress. In one gen- conversation it was apparent that eration they have made college both were public school officials, students out of savages that used fairly high up· in service. As we to drink themselves to death."

passed Tilda, where our new hos- For almost an hour we conpital is being puilt, one of the In- versed, most of the time being dian gentlemen inquired of me taken by the Inspector General of about the hospital. The conversa- public schools in east Chota Nagtion went on real tamely until one pur, in telling about the mission of the men made a remark that institutions and the Christian com- "there are only very few Chris- munity in and about Ranchi. I tians in India and they are not said little. A Hindu was saying very strong." what I wanted said to the third At this his companion, from his man, more eloquently than I could appearance undoubtedly an ortho- have said it. And, finally, the man dox Hindu, interposed-"But, you who made the remark about there must not judge from what you see not being any Christians in India here. You should go to Chota turned to me and said, "I suppose Nagpur and see what the Chris– you people are going to make tians are doing there." (NOTE:- Christians out of all of us."

Chhattisgarh in which we are How did he get that way? No- working is one of the backward body had said anything to him sections of India and has proved to calling for that remark, unless his be one of the most stubborn in the own subconscious mind told him acceptance of Christianity. Chota that Christianity is supplying Nagpur, a neighboring state, and something to the development of the particular field of the Gassner India and the Indians without Mission, has been quite responsive, which you simply cannot do.

in some sections one-third of the The work in our own Chhattispopulation having been affected.) garh district has been most uphill, Then this man went on to tell of but the power of suggestion, which the excellent schools which both at present is only tugging away at Roman Catholics and Lutherans subconscious Chhattisgarh, will conduct in Ranchi, the hospitals, soon break through into the con- trade schools, orphanages, welfare sciousness of many. And it will do organizations, and ·churches. Not it with such force that there can once, but again and again, he came be no mistaking its identity.

JOHN SIMON REPORTS ON INDIA*

BY CHARLES JOHNSTON JULY 4, 1776, is a significant modify or restrict the degree of date, as is July 14, 1789. The responsible government" after the corresponding day for India is act had been in force for ten years. Aug. 20, 1917. But India's decla- This commission was duly ap- ration was not made in India, nor pointed with Sir John Simon as by one or many natives of India. chairman, and, after two visits to It was made in the British House India, it has submitted to his of Commons by Edwin Samuel Majesty King George the two vol- Montagu, M. P., at that time and umes of the report.

for the next five years Secretary The first volume, entitled "Sur- of State for India. The heart of vey," gives an outline of the his- that declaration is in the first tory and geography of India in paragraph: dignified and diplomatic language.

"The policy of his Majesty's We may, perhaps, allow ourselves Government, with which the Gov- something more of freedom in con- ernment of India are in complete veying its substance.

accord, is that of the increasing A generation ago the Govern- association of Indians in every ment of India was in fact a mili- branch of the administration and tary despotism, whose strength the gradual development of self- lay, first, in the British Army of governing institutions with a view some 75,000 men, and, second, in to the progressive realization of the peaceful disposition and in the responsible government in India many divisions of the immense as an integral part of the British population of India. As a military Empire." despotism India had enjoyed, and That is the point of departure was destined to enjoy, complete in- of Sir John Simon's commission. ternal peace, a government cif law, The promise of the Secretary of administered by something less State for India, whose function it than one thousand Indian civil ser- is to interpret the will of the Par- vants, who, by universal testimony, liament at Westminster to the were wholly incorruptible; India Viceroy of India at New Delhi, or further enjoyed, or suffered, an at Simla, was fulfilled by the Gov- entire absence of partisan politics, ernment of India Act of 1919; this with the manifold activities which act contained a provision that, accompany partisan politics. When after a period of ten years had the government of Queen Victoria elapsed, and therefore in the year had taken the reins of power from 1929, a commission should be ap- the defunct East India Company pointed to inquire into the work- after the Indian mutiny of 1857, ing of the act of 1919 and to report her Majesty had proclaimed a de- as to whether, and to what extent, termination to admit natives of "it is desirable to establish the India to the various branches of principle of responsible govern- government, to the degree that ment in British India, or to extend, they were qualified "by their edu- *Reprinted from the Book Review Magazine cation, ability and integrity." By of 'l'he Np-u, York Times. 1861 a beginning was made to re- 747

deem this promise by surrounding The awkward division between the Viceroy and the Governors of these stalwart civilians and the provinces with councils, which in- new native Ministers was known cluded distinguished natives of In- by the awkward name "Dyarchy," dia, who were free to give advice which has had all the disadvanbut had no effective votes. In 1892 tages inseparable from divided authese councils were expanded. thority.

In 1909 John Morley, who had The Liberal aspirations of Morbeen made a Viscount, was Secre- ley and Montagu were not comtary of State for India. As a good pletely realized. Little clouds, such Gladstonian Liberal Morley felt it as presage the rains, gathered in to be his duty to extend to India the sky. The class of Englishthe principle of democracy, which, speaking native politicians, who in association with Lord Minto, had been voicing their ideas since then Viceroy, he proceeded to do about the year 1885, when the Naby introducing a very limited elec- tional Congress came into being, tion into the councils, though they expressed themselves as, on the still had only an advisory capacity. whole, entirely dissatisfied with the Dyarchy. The Montagu- Eight years later carne the fa- Chelmsford reforms had not gone mous Montagu Declaration, and nearly far enough to please them. then, in 1919, the Government of Further, the effort of the reform- India Act, embodying what are makers to do justice at the same called the "Montagu – Chelmsford time to the Hindu majority and Reforms." The Act of 1919 cre- the Mohammedan minority had ated a Legislature for each of nine widened the rift between these two provinces, of which Madras, Ben- communities, each of which was gal and Bombay are the oldest. It afraid of being overreached by the also created a Legislature for the other; and exactly in proportion whole of British India, which we as the reforms developed, hostility may call a central parliament or a federal congress, with the reserva- between the two communities intion that it is not exactly either of creased, with the result that in these two institutions. Each of India the word "communal" has the nine provincial Legislatures, come to refer to this fundamental a single chamber assembly, con- religious cleavage. We need not tained certain outstanding mem- include in this survey incidents bers, who were called Ministers, springing from the agitation set and to whom portfolios were en- in motion by Mahatma Gandhi, trusted, giving them authority sin c e the Simon Report was over the making of good roads, avowedly completed before that education, public health and sim- complication arose. ilar subjects, but in no case over police, the courts of law, or land So far the historic background, revenue. These "reserved" sub- very superficially sketched. Now jects continued to be administered a word about geography. The funin fact by the members of the damental division in India is be- Indian Civil Service, who had su- tween that part which is directly pervised the whole system of gov- under British rule (primarily the ernment and all its details since nine provinces with their Govthe days of the Indian Mutiny. ernors and Legislatures, already outlined) and the Native States.

SIR JOHN SIMON REPORTS ON INDIA

which are autonomous countries but that the division of authority under the suzerainty of the King- indicated by the word dyarchy Emperor, represented in India by should be abolished. Instead, practhe Viceroy at New Delhi. Since tically all departments in each the status of these native states is province should be turned over to fixed by treaty, the British Parlia- the Legislatures, with their Minment is not in a position to legis- istries, and that every effort should late for them. Therefore, the Na- be made to create and strengthen tive States, in area about 800,000 a sense of responsibility in a square miles, with a population of united Cabinet, the Ministers actabout 70,000,000, are not affected ing as a unit and held responsible by the Montagu-Chelmsford re- as a unit, in accordance with the forms, and enter only incidentally system at present followed in into the report of the Simon com- Britain, whose Cabinet is wholly mission under review. different from the President's Cab- inet at Washington. In general, With a good many unavoidable one may say that the prescriptions omissions, this is the substance of for the advance of India are altothe first volume, "Survey." What gether British in spirit and genare the "Recommendations" which erally also in form. There is very Sir John Simon and his six dis- little original creative imagination tinguished colleagues have been in them. moved to make? If the recommendations of the To begin with, they openly criti- report were carried out we should cize, even deplore, one element in have nine provinces, each with its the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms elected Legislature and Ministry, of 1919; namely, the provision but, effectively, all power would that the whole field should be re- remain, as at present, in British viewed ten years later-as it hap- hands. There would be even less pened, by their own committee. change in the central government, They say, with entire justice, that which would also remain predomithis promised, or threatened, re- nantly British, as would the army, vision stamped the whole scheme charged with the defense of India as provisional; that, so stamped, as an integral part of the British it could not possibly have a fair Empire. The report calls the trial; that, in fact, it did not get grouping of the nine provinces and a fair trial. They go on to express certain other areas a "federation," the conviction that this time-pro- but the reality is that the bond of vision should on no account be in- union implied by the report is still serted in any legislation based on the British Army. There is large their investigation and report; provision for local self-governthat, on the contrary, a quite in- ment, though the scheme might be definite period should be allowed for natural growth, which would criticised as too uniform, in view probably follow different lines in of the immense underlying diver- the different provinces. sities; but there is no doubt what- Having thus cleared the ground, ever that, if the ideas of Sir John Simon's commission are followed, they recommend that the system of the authority of Britain over India Legislatures and Ministers for the will remain undiminished. • nine provinces should be continued,

BOOKS ON

N INETEEN hundred and thir- foreign control it kindled and ty is a critical year for In- fanned new ambitions. dia and her population of Nowhere in the world is there over 320,000,000. Great Britain such a vast population with such a this year undertakes to come to great past and individual evidences terms with Indian nationalism. of such high grade ability as in The nineteenth century saw the India. China, Siam, Persia, Arabia, growth of the nationalistic spirit and even Afghanistan are inde- in Europe, and the concentration pendent with their own national of power in the hands of a few flags. But India is still denied great states which seemed des- self-government. Indians must ad- tined to rule the rest of the eastern mit the long list of benefits result- continent. The century closed with ing from British rule, but they Japan coerced by a Russian, claim that many of these were not French, and German combination, disinterested, and that they have the Chinese. imperial court fleeing been accomplished by racial and from Peiping before the allied economic discrimination. The In- troups, India under Curzon, her dian believes that he has just cause most masterful Viceroy, and Africa for complaint.

partitioned. In 1917 England proposed a Then the tide begun to turn. scheme, the Montagu-Chelmsford Resentment at European control system of diarchy, that was to be had been growing for many years, a first step to self-government. It but resistance seemed hopeless. was to be tried out for ten years The Russo-Japanese War was the and then revised as circumstances first demonstration on a grand seemed to warrant. At the end of scale that Europe was not invin- the decade a British commission cible. A new spirit flamed up in was appointed, with Sir John yellow and brown and swarthy Simon as chairman, to investigate men. Persia and Turkey demanded and make recommendations. The and obtained constitutional gov- Indian nationalists made vehement ernment, China became a republic, protests because no Indian was in- and Japan was recognized as one cluded in the membership of this of the world powers. India re- .Commission. The report was re- ceived only small concessions that leased in June of this year. It is were far from representative gov- to be discussed at a round-table ernment. conference in London to be held Next the great War shook every- this fall. Such is the political sit- thing that was shakable. It, and uation that brings India into the still more the diplomatic settle- newspaper headlines.

ments that followed, blasted in the For the last ten years probably minds of Asiatics Europe's claim no single human being has been to moral superiority. Wilson's ap- more talked about than an Indian, peal for self-determination might Mr. Gandhi, now under arrest.

be ignored by the statesmen at Those who criticise his conclusions Versai!les when it presented prac- cannot deny the purity of his char- tical difficulties, but to those under acter and unselfish devotion to 750 principle. Christianity may claim seeking to state the situation as it a share in such a product. Gandhi appear,s from different viewpoints. says that he is not a Christian, but His chapters treat of the emergence he freely acknowledges the influ- of nationalism, the great social and ence of Christ. He is one of the economic problems, the groups into significant phenomena of modern which Indian society is divided, the history. religious ideals to which India most responds, the home life, and the pros- Naturally the political crisis has pect for Christianity. With the wide called out a great bulk of books outlook of a student of missions and and articles. Miss Mayo's caustic comparative religions, and an intimate "Mother India," which for a time knowledge of Indian life, the author was a best seller in America, was packs in fervid style a large amount bitterly resented by Indians and of information and picturesque maprovoked both denial and counter- terial into this little book. charges. It is not difficult today to find reading matter on the sub- A Course for Leaders of Adult Groups ject. Studying India. By T. H. P. Sailer. Paper, 25 cents. These are some of the more spectacular features of the situation This pamphlet presents two apas regards India. The main di- proaches, the first suggesting probrect contribution which American lems for study and discussion on the Christianity is making is its sup- subjects treated in Dr. Buck's textport of nearly 3,000 missionaries book. The other approach is for and the institutional work in which groups more mature and willing to they are engaged. To achieve the study. It divides the main group into greatest efficiency of this work, sub-committees representing respecthere is scope for the wise expend- tively the British Government, the Initure of much more than America dian nationalists, the masses of India, gives. We as Americans should the women, the Christians, and the not read about India merely to missionary body. Each sub-committee keep up-to-date or to satisfy idle meets separately for a period to precuriosity but to learn how we may pare a statement of its viewpoint. cooperate in promoting India's Later all the committees come tobest welfare. gether for a series of meetings in which each presents its statement and For the season of 1930-1931, The is questioned by the other. A list of Friendship Press of the Mission- specific references is given on each ary Education Movement has is- topic. sued the following books for reading and study: India on the March. By Dr. Alden H. Clark. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents. India Looks to Her Future. By Professor Oscar MacMillan Buck. Cloth, $1.00; The first edition of this book ap- paper, 60 cents. peared in 1922 and was one of the most popular textbooks for young Dr. Buck, Professor of Missions and people and adults desiring simpler Comparative Religion at Drew Theo- presentation. It has been thoroughly logical Seminary, was born in India revised and brought up to date. Dr. of missionary parents, educated in Clark adopts in large part the excel- America, served as a missionary in lent method of concrete narratives India, and recently revisited the coun- which illustrate typical situations. He try in company with Dr. E. Stanley tells stories of Indian villagers and Jones. He writes with sympathy for outcastes which bring out clearly the the land of his birth and boyhood, difficulties which Christianity con- fronts and what it is able to accom- plish. The book makes easy and

pleasant reading and also furnishes alive today and mDves toward tomDrmaterial for discussion. rDW, cDvering a series of ses-sions which provide stDries, discussion ques- Do You Like Our Country~ By Ruth tiDns, references, and suggestiDns fDr Isabel Seabury. Paper, 50 cents. activities and wDrship.

This pamphlet presents suggestions The Golden Sparrow. By Irene Mason for a course 'On India fDr young peo- Harper. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. ple. It is based primarily on Dr. Clark's bDDk, but alsD suggests hDW This CDurse for leaders 'Of junior tD use a number 'Of other books in a children CDntains stories about a group prDgram 'Of study, discussiDn, service, of boys whose families represent the and wDrshio. It is therefore brDader more progressive thinkers in India toin SCDpe than the usual helps for day. ThrDugh the experience of this leaders and ShDUld be capable of more g110UP, the author, a missionary in Invaried applicatiDn. It will help to dia for fifteen years to the depressed integrate mission study into the re- classes in the villages, deals with ligiDUS educatiDn 'Of the church. SDme of the most baffling prDblems of present-day India. The second part Freedom. By Welthy Honsinger Fisher. is fDr leaders and contains backgrDund Cloth, 85 cents. material and original and practical suggestions for the use of the stories. This stDry – of tWD students, GDpal and Nalini, a brother and sister in a Bhaskar and His Friends. By Clara G. high-caste Hindu family, cDming intD Labaree. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. contact with the new forces in nationalism, western education, and This is a course for leaders of pri- Christianity is very delightful read- mary children and contains stories and ing for young people, and adults as informatiDnal material 'On India with well. The bODk is illustrated with suggestions for its use. These sugsketches drawn by Indian artist gestions are based on actual teaching students at Rabindranath TagDre's experience in using the material with school. three different groups of children. The author was for five years a mis- The Star of India. By Isabel Brown sionary in India, and there taught in Rose. Cloth, $1.00; Paper, 75 cents. the Mary B. Harding Kindergarten Training SChODl, in Sholapur, and aI- This reading book 'Of fascinating -so served as principal of the Josephine stDries 'Of old India and also India of Kindergarten. tDday is written for boys and girls 'Of junior high schoDl age. It tells Another interesting hDOk is: 'Of the adventures of heroic men and women, both Indians and westerners India in 1928-1929. By John Coatman. who have heloed the Indian people, 416 pp. Published by the Government and who have been deCDrated with the of India. Calcutta. Agent in Ameria, Star 'Of India. The illustratiDns, black The British Library of Information, and white sketches, are by Edith E. 551 Fifth Ave., New York. $1.00. Strutton, WhD lives in India. This is a report to the British Par- 'Out of Yesterday Into Tomorrow. By liament on the moral and material Mary Jenness. Paper, 50 cents. progress 'Of India by the DirectDr 'Of Public Information of the GDvern- This is a CDurse bODk 'On India fDr ment, and is published "under the leaders of intermediates, based pri- authority and with the general apmarily on "The Star of India," but proval of the Secretary of State for giving other reference sources as well. India." It is a vDlume of first hand Like "The Star of India" it treats of information and judicial spirit-re- 'Old India and India of tDday, there markable fDr its authoritative presenbeing tWD units-yesterday's India tation of a wide range of subjects.

OF TRAVEL

Som e Things S een and H eard in Burma, Siam and Malaya BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON TRAVEL LETTER NO.7 work, medical service and social I NA tour such as this one is im- uplift, industrial missions and pressed by the vast variety that characterizes God's w 0 rId. physical training-but there is a There are ooth the surface variations and those that go deeper. rich variation in the types of mis- Interesting and informing articles might be written on "smelling sionaries in their personal charone's way around the world" (how rich and varied are the odors!), or acteristics and ideas; their denomon "chords and discords in many lands"; or on "traffic cops I have inational and theological cTohloerriengi~' met," or on "varieties of bathing their purpose and plans. experiences." One might write on also a striking variety in the native Christians met and in the churches and institutions established, in fi- nancial methods and ideals, and in equipment and organization.

"modes of travel-ancient and modern." This would include camel, donkey, elephant and horse, goofa (Tigris round tubs) and sampans; mule litter and ham- mock; tonga (two-wheeled car) and bullock ekka; sedan chair, wheelbarrow and ricksha; two- storied camel and cart and Peiping (springless) cart. There are also the most modern modes such as A BULLOCK CART I N INDI A steamer, tram car, railway, automobile and airplane. There are But in the midst of all this vari- the varieties in race and color, in ety there is, or should be, an speech and writing, in manners underlying unity. Any mode of and customs. A very interesting travel is useful that helps one to story m(ght be told of money and reach the goal; beneath the surfmoney-changers, or of foods-de- ace men and women are much the licious and malicious. Going deep- same in their instincts and needs; er we find world-wide varieties in children are attractive and lovescience and religion, in politics and able-in spite of dirt–in all lands .

industrial conditions, in the status the essentials to happiness and of women and the training of chil- well-being do not vary greatly dren. under all governments and all so- Similarly we have been im- cial and industrial conditions. pressed by the vast variety in mis- Righteousness, sympathy and unsionary work around the world. selfish service spell peace and pros- Not only are there varied methods perity anywhere.

-such as preaching and teaching, Also in missionaries and mission printed literature and colportage work we find room for almost end- 3 753

less variety, if we keep true to the ful work is among the Karens and basic purpose and principles laid the animistic tribes of the north.

down by Jesus Christ and the early The American Baptist Judson apostles (missionaries). We have College at Rangoon (with 600 stu- seen that so-called evangelistic dents, about 60% of them Chris- work or preaching is not always tian) has recently become a part successful and that educational or of the University of Rangoon.

medical work may produce even There are strong Methodist and larger results under the right con- Baptist schools for boys and girls ditions. Some workers under in Rangoon, and Burmese and every society and all denominations Karen theological seminaries for have evidenced the power of God the training of evangelists.

working through them. The great An impressive and fruitful piece essential has been proved to be of work is being carried on under God working through the mission- Mr. Dyer, one of the Baptist mis- aries and the need for Christ and sionaries, with the help of Chris- His Gospel, and their efficacy has tian students of the seminary and not changed. The power of the the college. Each week-end a group Spirit of God is the same in every of these students go on an evan- land and at all times. Thus in the gelistic campaign to some town midst of endless variety ther~ is, where there is a nucleus of Chris- or should be, essential unity. tians. This local group has made It has been our privilege to see special preparations and has ad- a wide range of missionaries and vertised the event. On Saturday Christian work in Asia. Some has afternoon athletic con t est s-of evidently been fruitful in abiding which the Burmese are fond-are spiritual results, while some is ap- planned between the local boys and parently barren. Human judg- the visitors. All the spectators are ment may be at fault. Wheat and invited to attend a concert or tares must be allowed to grow to- simple drama to be given by the gether until the harvest, but no Rangoon students in the evening.

servant of Christ will knowingly This is always a strong attraction.

sow tares. . Between the numbers on the pro- One of our greatest joys on this gram the Christian students give tour has been to see the unity and their testimony as to what Christ loyalty to Christ that characterize has done for them personally. This most of the Protestant mission- witness is more effective than a aries in Asia. That is the only sermon. It attracts townspeople motive that can make them willing and greatly benefits the boys who to remain at their task. It is too testify. Then the audience is difficult and too hopeless otherwise. invited to a Christian service on In every denomination and in Sunday morning and the afternoon every branch of service we have and evening are given up to per- found such spirit-filled, loyal sonal work with inquirers. On workers. Monday the visiting students re- Our visit to Burma was un- turn to their studies.

fortunately too short to permit The fruits of this evangelism are visits to Ava and other fields evident both in the lives of the where Adoniram Judson worked Christian students who take part and laid the foundations of the in the campaigns and in the num- Church in Burma. The most fruit- ber of inquirers who are led to

VARIETIES OF TRAVEL EXPERIENCE

Christ. In one town near Rangoon The Burmese are, as a rule, a quiet, some girls of the mission school peaceful people, but they show no were so impressed that they be- satisfaction in their faces and no came Christians. The Buddhist power in their lives. The most parents of some became alarmed effective Christian evangelism has and thirty-five pupils were with- been done among the Karens and drawn from the school. It was other animists who have not been found to be "dangerous" to have brought so fully under the sway them under such Christian influ- of Buddhism. ence. But the school had proved its missionary character. The Siam is the only absolute montragedy of the situation is that archy left in Asia, and almost the while there are funds provided for only one in the world today. The the educational work, this effective people are mild and peaceful like evangelism has no place in the bud- the Burmese, and with their Budget and funds must be sought from dhist philosophy. Unfortunately time did not permit us to go furoutside sources. ther than Bangkok, the capital and The omnipresence of the Bud- city of canals. The land is so low that anywhere you dig a trench dhist priest with his begging bowl near Bangkok a canal appears. carrier impresses one in Burma. Consequently the drainage is poor The priest is not supposed to and malaria abounds. (Mosquito "beg," but an attendant carries a bags are always provided for the bowl into which those who wish to legs of guests at dinner.) In Siam "acquire merit" are permitted to too, the most fruitful missionary place an offering. Buddhism is work has been carried on in the much less oppressive and offensive North among the Laos who are than the Hinduism of India and animistic Buddhists. less antagonistic to Christianity than Islam, but its philosophy of One peculiarity about Siam is transmigration of the soul, its doc- that the country is almost wholly trine of nirvana (the extinction of an American Presbyterian mission all desire) and of salvation by field. The Baptists have had· a works (acquiring merit) are dead- work among the Chinese who have ening to progress and to spiritual been coming to Siam in increasing life. The priesthood-into which numbers, and recentfy Seventhall boys are supposed to enter for Day Adventists and Plymouth three years-is an incubus on so- Brethren have begun work. The ciety. The religious monks and American Bible Society is also an nuns and the myriad temples must important factor in the evangelizabe supported and without any ade- tion of Siam. quate return to the public. The Shive Dagon, that famous Rangoon "Is it an advantage for one detemple with its huge gold covered nomination to have exclusive respire and multitudes of shrines, is sponsibility for one field?" I asked a fair sample of Buddhism. I saw some missionaries in Bangkok. I multitudes of men and women had in mind the oft repeated obwalking barefooted around the jections to "denominational rivaltemple, kneeling before shrines ry." "Not altogether," they replied. and making offerings, while priests "Unfriendly rivalry is a detriment, chanted for them the prayers that but there is a stimulus to workers they themselves could not utter. in the presence of workers from another society." There is even in

religion a competition that pro- pendent Federated States (under motes efficiency. Monopoly has its British supervision) and Straits disadvantages. Settlements (under British con- trol) exist side by side. The Siam and the Lao country have British forbid direct Christian been wonderfully fruitful, but re- miSSIOnary work among Mohamcently missionary progress seems medans so that the Malays are to have been retarded. The Gov- practically untduched. No such ernment is ~riendly. The King tale can be told here as in the was educated in England but con- Dutch East Indies, where 45,000 tinues his Buddhist worship and former Moslems have become the priesthood and superstitions Christians. Most of the mission have a strong hold on the people. work in British Malay and Fed- In front of the house where we erated States is among the Chinese were staying, and before many who are the chief bankers and emhomes and shops, was the little ployers. Many are wealthy and birdlike "spirit house" in which build large, expensive houses that look like consulates or embassies. DUTCH MISSION LEPER COLONY- They are, however, not accustomed SUMATRA to such style and usually live in the kitchen or outbuildings, only openofferings of rice are made daily to ing the front of the house for state propitiate the spirits. occasions. These Chinese come from South China and are gener- In Siam, as elsewhere, there is ally wide awake and eager to learn only one power, one plan, one per- English. They therefore like to sonality, that can prevail. "What attend mission schools and colleges, message shall I take to the people which are commonly called "Angloof America?" I asked a Christian Chinese." The American Methoteacher of mathematics in Bang- dists have taken advantage of this kok Christian College. He was an eagerness and have opened many earnest and intelligent Siamese large and well-equipped educationwho had been a Buddhist and had al institutions. Altogether they given up all to follow Christ. I have 15,653 under instruction in visited his home and found his British Malaya. It is a great opmother still a Buddhist. He de- portunity. They teach the Bible voted part of his time on Sundays and conduct chapel services, but to preaching and teaching the Gos- the vast majority of their students pel. After a thoughtful silence, he and many of their teachers replied: "Tell the Christians in are non-Christians. Educationally America to send us only those these schools and colleges stand whose chief desire is to bring our high, but comparatively few of the people to know and follow Christ. students become Christians. Send us those who put Christ first." As in other mission fields, there are man y representatives of From Siam we passed into smaller missionary societies at Malay Peninsula, where inde- work in Malaya. Some of these are accused of being too prone to "poach on others' preserves" in- stead of doing pioneer work. Others are doing excellent work.

We attended an inspiring confer- done by the missionaries of Ghrist, ence of Christians, conducted at under the direction of the Spirit Kuala Lumpur by the Plymouth of God, to transform the flats and Brethren, during the Easter holi- morasses of Malaya social and re- days. Here we found a devout ligious life into a wholesome and band of about 200 Chl'istians, many active community dominated by of them young men and young the Cross of Christ. It cannot be women, who had l!ome from a ra- done merely through commercial dius of 200 miles on a three-day prosperity, or by legislation or sec- holiday for conference and prayer. ular education. Something higher The m 0 r n i n g meetings for and more powerful is needed. prayer were especially uplifting "Shall the missionaries be reand the Sunday morning Commun- called?" is the title of a recent ion Service will not be forgotten.

Here for two hours, with no leader but the Holy Spirit, the prayers, songs and testimonies continued to make God's presence felt.

While in Kuala Lumpur we met a Tamil from South India who showed strength and refinement in every line. His wife and family were at every meeting. A few years ago he came, as a Hindu, to Singapore for a holiday. There A MAT RIARCHAL HOUSE he met a friend who persuaded him to come to one of these conferences. article in an American periodical. He came, was impressed by what The author expresses the conviche heard and saw and ultimately tion that one half of the missionbecame a Christian. As a result, aries in the field should return he moved to Malaya for Christian home. But which half? He votes fellowship and service. Many such for the recall of those whom he instances might be told. declares to be old-fashioned in the- Singapore, one of the largest ology and unscientific in attitude shipping centers in the world and and method. In other words, he the mingling place of all races and would retain only those who could tongues and nations, is now a city pass an examination in the "wis- of over 500,000 inhabitants and dom of this world." Our observa- has a wonderful harbor which 10,- tions on this missionary tour would 000 foreign vessels enter every lead us to vote otherwise. The year. One hundred years ago it great work of missions has been was not much more than a fishing and is being accomplished today by village on a mud flat. Sir Stamford those who are most versed in the Raffles saw its possibilities as a wisdom of God, men and women port for British trade of the East who are most given to prayer and India Company, and acquired the whose scientific approach and island froin the Sultan of Jahore. power are those of the Spirit of What has been done by the British God. But only God Himself can in transforming the mud flats into infallibly choose those who should a great commercial center, can be go or those who should remain.

A NEW MISSION STUDY

RECONCILIATION TRIPS BY CLARENCE V. HOWELL, Director W HEN we study China let us have been in New York City for visit the Chinese in our own eight years making these contacts. city. When we study the I have been taking students and Near East let us visit the Syrians others on visits in New York to and the Turks in our home town, Negro Harlem, to Chinatown, to or the Greek, Russian and Armeni- Hindus, BUddhists, and Moslems, an Orthodox Churches in our own and to Radical Labor Headquar- community. When we study India ters. I'll tell you how. Of course, let us visit the people of India liv- you have questionings. Three ing among us as students or resi- questions arise in your mind: 1st- dents. And when we visit them Who am I? 2nd-What are Rec- let us do so in the spirit that E. onciliation Trips? 3rd-What re- Stanley Jones visits them in their lation have they to missionary own India. .He expects a quicken- work?

ing of his spiritual life by contact Who Am I~ with deeply spiritual Hindus and I am a Methodist minister, a Buddhists and he experiences what member of the Michigan Conferhe expects. He has a reverence for ence. My good helpmeet was a their sacrifice and his respect for deaconess in that Church. We are them is increased. He appreciates employed by the Home Board of their culture, their thought-power, our denomination-specifically the and their philosophy of life, and is Department of Evangelism-to be appreciated in return by them. evangels of good will to un- churched peoples as well as to racia1 We need these personal contacts. groups against which there is We are now like the botanist who antipathy. Our purpose is to had studied books on trees but achieve reconciliation bet wee n could not tell one tree from an- groups. By reconciliation we do other. So he made friends with a not mean agreement. The fire lumberman-eamped with him, glint of true friendship often lived with him, worked with him. comes from disagreement. There was a transfer of knowledge. This theoretical expert be- came a practical expert. I do not What are Reconciliation Trips ~ need to argue the case. You have Reconciliation Trips are group always wanted to go to the lands visits to Chinese, Indians, Japaabout which you studied-not nese, Italians, Russians, Syrians, aware that people of these lands Jews, Latin Americans and Nehave come to us, are right here groes; contact studies of mystic, among us. psychic, economic, social, political, industrial and labor groups. They Let me be your lumb~rman. I !fr. Howen will sflnd directions for conduct- are conducted in New York, Chiing Rll('h tl'ipf.1 to Ullyune who will send him cago, Philadelphia and Boston; but his addrPRs. TrillS ar~ being conducted In New York is our choice, for it has Chicagu, Room 1421, Chicago Temple; Boston, the greatest variety of races, isms, 14 Beacon St. (Boston Friendship Tours); and Philadelphia. Reconciliation Trips, 229 W. 48th St., New York City.

758 religions. The purpose of Recon- have a problem in order to think. ciliation Trips is to reconcile group So Reconciliation Trips make my to group, as well as person to per- group think, enrich their culture son-not to convert those we visit, and bring them into "love and not to be converted. Friendship, charity with their neighbor" fellowship, love between groups groups. have intrinsic worth, regardless of ideas either group holds. In dealing with the groups we visit we do not pretend to be su- The Method: The sine qua non perior to them. We do not repudiof reconciliation is to bring quar- ate their labels. How can we do relling persons, or anti-pathetic anything to bring about reconciligroups, face to face at the point of ation with a group against whom conflict. So we conduct groups of prejudice exists if we feel ourselves nordic blondes, many southerners, superior to them. These are not into the heart of Negro Harlem. sightseeing trips. People do not Our colored hosts show us through like to be looked over. These are their beautiful homes, churches not slumming escapades. People and other centers. Their most with self-respect resent slumming talented leaders address us on vital parties (without return engageproblems which are slurred in ments) . These are not social servnewspaper publicity. Their best ice trips. The tone of charity choirs sing to us Negro spirituals. degrades the group helped in the We eat food prepared by Negro eyes of the doner.

chefs in the Southern way-hot Relation to Missionary Work bread, fried chicken, waffles, and potato pie. We conduct the same Many mlSSlOn study classes kind of trips to about thirty other sponsor these trips. They find that groups. the trips make real the knowledge printed in the books. The Busi- There are by-products. My like- ness and Professional Woman's ness has little enrichment to offer Mission Club of Peddie Memorial my life, for I received the same Baptist Church, Newark, New Jerculture in the same kind of school, sey, had us conduct them on a trip the same kind of home, the same to the Near East. That was the kind of church, the same kind of subject of their study. I shall tell community. But that yellow man, you more of that trip later. They that black man, that "red" man have arranged to have us conduct can give me something. He re- them on a trip to Chinatown very ceived it from sources I never con- soon. The Department of Relitacted. Historians often say: gious Education of Teachers College "This migration meant progress, had us conduct them on a trip to for two strange cultures met." the World's Living Religions in New York City-Moslems, Hindus A second by-product is thought- and Buddhists. They have arprovokers. The new ideas of the ranged for another trip to Eastern "reds" are like percussion caps to Orthodox Churches. Professor our thinking. Their explosions William M. Gilbert, of Drew Theowithin touch off our thought proc- logical Seminary, had us conduct esses. I have known people who his class in missions on a trip to never thought before who thought Union Labor Headquarters. About for six months steady after a trip sixty per cent of our industrial through Radical Labor Headquarters. John Dewey tells us we must

laborers are immigrants. They penters of Nazareth in Jesus time comprise the groups which we did that kind of work. study in Home Missions. How can we fully know their problems if Then Dr. Salloum Mokarzel, we ignore their working condi- Editor of the Syrian World, told tions? A trip studying labor con- us about Syrians in New York City ditions brings us face to face with and the United States. We found their everyday life. Professor that it was not necessary to go to Gilbert has arranged for us to con- the Near East to find Syrians. duct this class on eighteen trips They are all about us in Greater during three years, six trips each New York. There are some thouyear. These trips are required for sands in other cities in America. credit. They bring with them their beau- tifuf social life and congenial hos- Two Typical Trips pitality. But they become soon assimilated and thereby we lose On the Trip to the Near East much of their culture and characmentioned above, we had a real teristics which have been developed Syrian luncheon at the Sheik Res- during the centuries. taurant with a variety of Near East We next come in contact with foods and Turkish coffee. Here the Moslem Turks in New York. we broke the same kind of bread We met them at the Bahai Center. that Jesus broke and blessed by the The Bahai faith has about the Sea of Galilee. It was concerning same relationship to the Moslem faith as the Christian has to the this bread that Jesus spoke when Jewish faith. Mr. and Mrs. Sefa he said: "The grass of the field received us most cordially. Their which today is and tomorrow is manner and way of life showed the cast into the oven." They cut the refined culture of the people grass, the flowers, the weeds today of Constantinople. Mrs. S e f a and let them dry. Tomorrow, when brought a Moslem girl friend, an they are dry, they burn them in the accomplished pianist, who played oven, rake out the ashes and place for us, and Mrs. Sefa sang Turkish the thin sheets of dough upon the songs. She also told us about hot oven to bake. The loaves are Turkish social life, changing cussome eighteen inches across and as toms and costumes. Mr. Sefa told thin as a pancake. us about Turkish economic and political forces. Both speakers We next visited the Syrian art answered our questions. The stores and brass shops. We were meeting of these refined Turkish fascinated by the beautiful Per- Moslems, honored with the title of sian rugs, brass art ware, and Bey, would have been a shock to Oriental furnishings. The Syrian many of the Mission Study groups inlaid woodwork made up of thou- a decade ago when many of us sands of insects of vari-colored thought of non-Christian peoples woods created a desire to buy. But as barbarians. The tremendous they sell at $250 to $2,000 each. revolutionary change in the status They call those who create this of women in Turkey has been efbeautiful woodwork, carpenters. fected both from within Turkey I call them artists. I understand and from without. Only a few that this furniture and other deco- years ago in Mrs. Sefa's courtship rative work goes back hundreds of years. I am wondering if the car-

1930J A NEW MISSION STUDY TECHNIQUE

days, young women were not al- look, using a new ritual. The Revlowed to know or keep company erend W. H. Pitkin told us about wit h their would-be husbands. its basic beliefs and religious free- They were not only veiled but were dom. It so happens that most of shut-ins. Today in the prominent the members are Theosophists. centers the customs and costumes They welcome into the church as are much the same as those in the members, Hindus, Buddhists, Mos- West. Perhaps the danger is that lems, Jews or Atheists. they are adapting some of the evil ways of the West along with "Occi- Within the Bahai Center a Mosdental freedom." lem scholar from Egypt told us about the religion of Islam. We We had our dinner at a Russian became aware, our speaker being restaurant in a highly decorated Negro, that the Moslem makes no room, Russian art scenery with discrimination on account of race Russian Balalaika orchestra, and or color. Perhaps this is our waiters from the land of the bear. "Christian" handicap for mission- We became Russians ourselves. ary efficiency in Africa. Weare We next attended the Russian Or- respecters of persons contrary to thodox Church service. The con- the teachings of our Lord. The gregation was, for the most part, Moslem faith, propagandized by of recent emigres. The church the poorly trained trader and unpeople stood or knelt throughout lettered layman, is walking with the service. Special seats were great strides southward on the provided for us and the President continent of Africa. Setting over of the Church Board, Professor against this our color antipathy Vladimir Peter de Smitt, explained and the imperialism of the sothe service and then interpreted called Christian nations enslaving the symbolism and Ikanostas. African peoples, how can Chris- Since this trip our mission study tianity compete with the Moslem books have become vital with a liv- faith? ing interest. We have seen and heard the things whereof the At the Jainist and Buddhist writers speak. Temples, which are located in the Oriental Gallery of the Metropoli- The following day, we conducted tan Museum, a Buddhist scholar, over a hundred students and others Mr. J. Vijaya Tunga, interpreted on a trip to Moslems, Hindus, and to us the spiritual and ritualist Buddhists. This trip was especial- significance of the elaborate carved ly prepared for the Department of work of Oriental symbols in these Religious Education, Teachers Col- temples. He has been a teacher in lege. As an introduction we visited the school of Rabindranath Tagore the Liberal Catholic Church, the in Ceylon, India, and a member of Church of St. Michael, the Arch- the Board of Examiners of the angel. The Holy Eucharist was University. sung according to the use of the Liberal Catholic Church-music, We next went to the Dharma chanting, candles and flowers; MandaI Society, Hindu. After a priest, deacons, alcolytes in white period of music and Hindu rituals, and crimson vestments. T his we were addressed by two cultured church is not Roman Catholic, not Hindu speakers, Professor Keskar Episcopal, but Modernist in out- and Professor Chatterji. Both manifested the confidence of an

ancient faith which has grown con- received much more value. And servative in its old age. we could not have received as much without a program worked out in The Maha Bodhi Society of advance. In fact, we continually America put on a special service have on Reconciliation Trips misfor us. The sermon was by the sionaries and others who have just Venerable Thera p. Vajiranana, of returned from the countries whose Viddhodaya College, Ceylon. lands we are representing on the – Had we taken this trip in the trip. heart of India we would not have PERSONAL WORK IN A NEW ENGLAND FACTORY TOWN T WENTY language g r 0 ups while making about twenty calls, comprise the parish of a lay and supplied each family with the missionary in a textile city desired language, adding friendly in New England. The first ap- remarks as he was able to observe proach to a family may be convers- the prevailing conditions. ing with the father seated with his wife and children on a bench in the Visits are made to the county park Sunday afternoon in mid- jail, the general hospital, almssummer; or it may be speaking house, coffee houses and club. to a man who has been imbibing rooms, wherever groups may be liquor to his detriment, but who is found. They are very respectful still gentleman enough to notice and listen reverently to remarks and reply to a kind greeting from concerning the things of God. The an unknown friend. The past worker is invited to call again. winter has given ample illustration as to the wisdom of making ac- Russians are being reached, and quaintances with strange families they pass on the literature to by means of the surplus Sunday- others and eagerly call for more. Some of these little messages are school story papers which are do- sent through the mails to foreign nated by churches. shores and have found fruition in hearts long starving without the The worker began effort among Bread of Life. Testimonies of a few families, and was so encour- Portuguese and Italian recipients aged that he increased his range show that the Gospel relayed to the of languages until his pastor re- homelands by those accepting it ported twelve nationalities were here is bearing fruit among memfound in his Sunday-school, some bers of the same family separated of whom united with the church. f or years by distance.

The introduction is so simple Efforts begun eight years ago that one would think any Christian among a few neighboring families could easily undertake the work. h a v e broadened until approxi- Severay Sundays during the severe mately five hundred families and weather in winter the worker hundreds of individuals outside averaged fifteen calls during the family groups are provided with afternoon. In a city block and a Gospel literature at no expense to half on one side of the street he them. – Extracts from a letter f 0 u n d twelve language groups from a friend in Lawrence, Mass.

Missionaries Leave on not take into account the character

purpose of missionary work or the Advice of Consuls? consequences of abandoning it.

HE announcement, July 30, that Whichever course missionaries take, T the American Legation at Peiping, they are criticised. If they leave, they China, had "urged all Americans in are charged with timidity and conthe provinces of Hunan, Hupeh, Ho- trasted unfavorably with consuls and nan and Kiangsi not to remain at ex- Roman Catholic priests who stay. If po·sed posts but to withdraw to places they refuse to go, they are sneered at where they can be adequately pro- as foolhardy. There are undoubtedly tected," raised again the old and yet times when they can do no good by reoft recurring question whether mis- maining and when it is wiser for them sionaries should abandon their sta- to withdraw temporarily. Our point tions in such circumstance·s because is that they should be trusted to do their legation or consulate advises what is best in view of the circumthem to do so. stances in a given case, and have in unstinted measure the confidence and Manifestly, such advise should be the prayers of the home churches. given due weight, but manifestly also the missionaries concerned have both A.J. B. the right and the duty to exercise their own judgment in view of the Criticisms of the Church circumstances in a given case. They TWO classes are criticising the have usually lived longer in the coun- churches, and from opposite sides. try than their minister or consul. One class asserts that they are "losing They live among the people and know their hold" because they are not sufthem and their language better than ficiently "modern," adhering to "out- their diplomatic and consular officials. worn creeds" and not adopting up-to- Missionary work has been slowly de- date methods. How then do these veloped through a long series of years. critics account for the fact that the Local initial hostility and suspicion churches which have abandoned the have been gradually overcome. A hIstoric creeds and impose no creeds prosperous medical, educational and at all are no more prosperous than the evangelistic work has been built up churches which continue to hold them? representing self-sacrificing labor and As for adapting modern methods, large expenditure. Its beneficent character has become known and ap- how do the critics explain the fact preciated by the people of the com- that the Roman Catholic Church in munity. Should the missionary run America, which makes no concession away and leave that property to be whatever to "modern" methods and destroyed, the work to be disorganized, prides itself on its unchanging teachand he himself exposed to the charge ing, is thronged with worshippers, many of its churches being obliged to of failing to stand by the Chinese hold three or four successive services Christians, who as a rule, are in Sunday morning to accommodate the greater danger than he is? Of course, multitudes, including a high properthe advice of a consul should not be tion of young men and women? lightly disregarded; but diplomatic policy is naturally prudential. It does The other class of critics allege that the churches are weak because they 763

are "too modern," revising the doc- beasts, and tied others to stakes, trinal statements of former centuries in the effort to express the truths of smeared them with pitch and set them Christianity in twentieth century terms and emphasizing a social Gospel on fire. Undoubtedly Christians of instead of an exclusively individual one. How then do these critics ac- today ought to be more consistent count for the fact that the churches which are doing these very things are than they are, and undoubtedly too thriving as well as the churches that are not doing them? their inconsistences often bring re- A line drawn between the most proach upon the churche~. But there prosperous churches and the least prosperous churches would not run is no authority in either Scripture, parallel with lines of theology or methods but would run right across history or experience for the statethem, with conservatives, liberals and ad¥ocates of a social Gospel on each ment that "the world is hungry for side. Evidently, if the churches are dying, which we do not believe, it is the Gospel" and would throng the not because ,of their attitude toward either creeds or methods. churches if they were better. James If there were only one church avail- spoke of the world as at "enmity with able, so that a given man had no choice between attending or not at- God," and our Lord Himself, whom tending, there might be some excuse for outsiders. But churches are the world crucified, plainly warned numerous and with such varied types of teaching, methods and organiza- His disciples that they would be pertion that anyone who loves Jesus Christ and desires to witness for Him secuted. "They shall deliver you up should have no difficulty whatever in finding a church with which he can unto tribulation, and shall kill you, work. With several denominations and a dozen or more churches within and ye shall be hated of all the nations easy reach, if he does not get into some one of them, it is fair to assume for my name's sake." A. J. B. that the fault Is in himself. The Dominican Disaster Some dissatisfied Christians assert that it is the fault of .the churches WIDESPREAD sympathy has been that more people do not attend them evoked by the appalling calamity and that if Christians of today were in Santo Domingo when that fair isas consecrated in their lives as the land was swept by a teriffic hurricane, early disciples, the world would flock September 3. Distressing details into the churches and soon be con- from the outlying districts continue verted. Well, how did the world treat to come in as THE REVIEW goes to those early disciples whom we are press, but it is already known that the exhorted to imitate? It stoned Ste- number of dead exceeds 2,500 and of phen, persecuted the Church so that injured 10,000 or more; that the "they were all scattered abroad," property loss runs into millions, and scourged Peter and John, mocked that tens of thousands of survivors Paul, beat him with many stripes and were rendered homeless and destitute. cast him into a dungeon, drove hun- As usual in such circumstances, physidreds of devout believers into the cal relief for the hungry and naked arena to be torn to pieces by wild was promptly rushed in from neigh- boring islands and the United States, but the effects of such a disaster will be felt for a long time to come.

Relatives and friends of the mis- sionaries and supporters of the fine missiQnary work on the Island were deeply troubled. Their anxiety for the safety of loved ones was relieved by a cable received September 5, by the Board for Christian Work in Santo Domingo, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York City, stating: "CAPITAL WORKERS SAFE. CHURCH DE- MOLISHED. HOSPITAL FUNC- TIONING." A further cable Septem- ber 8 read:

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Reports Mission workers fully con- the hundred and fifty mile gale, despite firm serious losses Santo Domingo. Be- its exposed position, and it is calling sides Red Cross relief, Union Mission for assistance from friends in the evidently will have large responsibilities United States. The old roof, in very for several months since this interde- bad shape previous to the hurricane, nominational mission is only one func- was torn away by the raging storm. tioning for Dominican people at Capital The Hospital is hoping to move into a where we have hospital with trained new building, begun some two months staff prepared for emergencies now ago, near the American Embassy and overwhelmed. Recently built church, the Presidential Palace. The demolition Capital and workers' homes demolished, of the church building, referred to in hospital and mission partially wrecked the cable, represents a heavy financial but still functioning. Suggest editorial loss to the Board. urging contributions from churches be sent to Board for Christian Work, Santo Hospital facilities in Santo Domingo, Domingo, four nineteen Fourth Avenue, in normal times, are entirely inadequate New York City. Full description, Union and there is pressing need for public Mission Santo Domingo found in chap- health work. It is estimated that there ter six, Inman's "Trailing the Con- is only one physician to every 8,700 quistadores." people, many villages being without trained medical service, and organized The following statement and ap- charities, here as in many other Latin American countries, are little known. peal, since issued by the Board, so "I rode into a town of over 3,000 peo- ple," writes one visitor, "where there clearly states interesting facts and was neither doctor, nurse, drugstore or health service of any kind." the duty and privilege of the churches Last year, when economic conditions that we gladly comply with the re- in Santo Domingo made it difficult for Dominicans from the interior to travel quest for its publication in THE RE- to the capital, the hospital, nevertheless, was treating 1,220 patients a month; VIEW. A. J. B. operating a baby welfare station (the only one in the Republic) and registered The Board for Christian Work in patients came from 200 towns and vil- Santo Domingo, whose secretary is Dr. lages throughout the country, some com- Samuel Guy Inman, has been at work ing as far as 225 miles. These folk in the Island Republic for the past ten travel a-foot, in ox carts, or on donkey years. It represents the combined Pres- back. Some are fortunate enough to byterian U. S. A., Methodist Episcopal have a Ford; others are brought in on and United Brethren Churches, and improvised stretchers which friends or maintains a hospital, social service and relatives bear on their shoulders. evangelistic work in the Dominican Republic. The Board for Christian Work is the only American missionary agency- with The "Hospital Internacional" (Inter- a Spanish-speaking staff in Santo Donational Hospital), conducted by this mingo City and is prepared to do re- Board has been striving to prepare lief work in the present emergency. Santo Domingo for just such emergen- The Board is hoping to cooperate with cies as the present one, by training any who desire to assist the distressed Dominican nurses (an unknown profes- Dominicans. sion among Dominicans before the American Hospital began its work), and Lambeth and South India building up a Dominican hospital and medical staff to care for public health CHURCH union is a live topic needs. This work is extremely difficult throughout Christendom. Wealthy and time-consuming and such situations as the present terrible disaster serve to congregations are strong enough to demonstrate more clearly than ever the great need which exists. get along as they are, but not the small With a popUlation of approximately a ones, particularly in village communimillion people, Santo Domingo has but ten hospitals, some of which are private ties in the home mission field where institutions, and, except for the Dominican nurses trained in the "Hospital five or six denominational churches Internacional," trained nursing service does not exist in the Republic. At this are struggling to live in communities time there are probably available in Santo Domingo, abo u t – twenty-five which can adequately support only one trained nurses, ten of whom are at present students in the hospital. church. On the foreign field, union is The "Hospital Internacional" is being even more imperative. Face to face conducted in an old Spanish building. Its thick old Spanish walls withstood with the stupendous obstacles that con- front Christianity in the non-Chris-

tian world, missionaries and their Church, "These opinions will carry boards and supporters at home are great weight throughout the world, more and more clearly realizing that and particularly throughout the Angli- the churches simply must get together can Communion." The resolutions .of if they are to meet their problems in the Conference were published in full, any adequate way. We have ,said many August 30th, in the two Protestant times, and we expect to say many Episc.opal papers in America, The times more, that a divided church can Churchman and The Living Church. never save the world and that it is no They cover a wide range of topics, part of the missionary duty of the but that which particularly interests churches to perpetuate the present sec- missionary workers is the one on the tarian divisions. South India Plan. The subject is of such widespread interest from the It is good to be able to add that the viewpoint of home and foreign mis- movement toward union is making sions that we append the full text of progress. Several organic unions have the deliverance, which was drafted by already been consummated in the the Archbishop of York. United States, Canada, Great Britain and on the foreign mission field, and South .India plans for other unions are at a promising stage. Thus far, however, no 17. The conference has heard with the mutually acceptable formula has been deepest interest of the proposals for found for union with the Anglican church union in South India now under Communion. The World Conference consideration between the Church of Inon Faith and Order at Lausanne dis- dia, Burma and Ceylon, the South India cussed the vexed question of ordina- United Church and the Wesleyan Church tion, but felt unable to g.o beyond a of South India, and expresses its high apfew generalities. preciation of the spirit in which the rep- resentatives of these churches have pur- The South India Proposal sued the long and careful negotiations.

The first concrete effort to solve the 18. The conference notes with warm problem was made by the churches sympathy that the project to which the and missions in South India, the main Proposed Scheme for Church Union in points of which were given in the South India bears witness is not the for- January number of THE REVIEW. It mation of any fresh church or province was reported to the Lausanne Confer- of the Anglican communion under new ence Continuation Committee, at its conditions, but seeks rather to bring tomeeting in 1929, which devoted a gether the distinctive elements of differwhole session to it. The sympathy of ent Christian communions, on a basis of many members of the Committee was sound doctrine and episcopal order, in a out.spoken, but the fears of others and distinct province of the Universal the policy of the Committee to make Church, in such a way as to give the only unanim.ous deliverances prevented Indian expression of the spirit, the anything more than a rather feeble thought,and the life of the Church Uniand non-committal reference to the versal. subject in the official findings. 19. The conference observes further, More definite action 'was expected as a novel feature in the South Indian from the Lambeth Conference of all Scheme, that a complete agreement bethe bishops of the Anglican Commun- tween the uniting churches on certain ion throughout the world at its meet- points of doctrine and practice is not exing in August of this year and it was pected to be reached before the inauguraawaited with mingled eagerness and tion of the union, but the promoters of anxiety. The Conference had no legis- the scheme believe that unity will be lative power and the bishops could only reached gradually and more securely by express their opinions. But, in the the interaction of the different elements words of the editor of The Living of the united church upon one another. It is only when the unification resulting from that interaction is complete that a final judgment can be pronounced on the effect of the present proposals. Without attempting, therefore, to pronounce such judgment now, we express to our breth- ren in India our strong desire, that as soon as the negotiations are successfully completed, the venture should be made

1930J TOPICS OF THE TIMES

and the union inaugurated. We hope Canterbury recognizes "that the conthat it will lead to the emergence of a stituency that we represent is not part of the Body of Christ which will universally convincrq about all the possess a new combination of the riches provisions of the schene and wishes to that are His. In this hope we ask the see how it works out b('fore commitchurches of our communion to stand by ting itself to definite appreval"; and our brethren in India, while they make adds: "General approval doe8 not bethis experiment, with generous good will. come an endorsement. After all. South India is put on probation and is 20. The conference thinks it wise to warned that it will be held responsipoint out that af.ter the union in So~th ble for the results of a questionable India has been maugurated both mm- experiment." isters and lay people of the United Church, when they are outside the juris- Each reader will doubtless form his diction of that church, will be amenable own conclusion. We need only add to the regulations of the province and that, whatever interested parties may diocese in which they desire to officiate read between the lines, it is clear or to worship, and it must be assumed that the Conference did not disapprove that those regulations will be applied to the Plan, as some opponents had hoped individuals in the same manner as they it would do, but, on the contrary, gave would now be applied to similarly cir- it definite encouragement. This is a cumstanced individuals, unless any prov- great gain. The disapproval ·of such ince takes the formal action to change its an influential body might have blocked regulations. " the movement. Now the way is clear for advance. Official action is yet to 21. The conference, fully assured in be taken by some of the ecclesiastical the light of the Resolutions of the Gen- bodies concerned, and many prayers eral Council Gf the Qhurch of India, will be offered for their guidance by Burma and Ceylon adopted in February, divine wisdom and the Spirit of Christ. 1930, that nothing will be done to break the fellowship of the churches of the Why Be Pessimistic About Anglican communion, confidently leaves in the hands of the bisops of that church China? the task of working out in detail the principles which are embodied in the Pro- LET Americans, who imagine. that posed Scheme. the tumultuous conditions in China for a score of years mean that 22. The conference gives its general the Chinese are incapable of self-govapproval to the suggestions contained in ernment, read the following statement the report of its committee with regard of Andrew White, former President to the Proposed Scheme for Church of Cornell University and Ambassa- Union in South India, and commends the dor to Germany, in his essay on Groreport to the attention of the Episcopal tius, on page 55 of his volume entitled Synod and General Council of the Church "Seven Great Statesmen": of India. Burma and Ceylon. From the middle of the 16th century So far as we can judge from the to the middle of the 17th, throughout editorials and articles in a considerable those 100 years, was waged (in Europe) number of religious papers, this de- a war of hatreds-racial, religious, na- tional and personal; of ambitions, eccleliverance has not wholly satisfied siastical and civil; of aspirations, paeither the advocates or opponents of triotic and selfish; of efforts, noble and the Plan. The Christian Century in- vile. During all those weary generations deed characterizes it as "wholehearted Europe became one broad battlefieldand unanimous support." The Church- drenched in human blood and lighted from innumerable scaffolds. In the conman, however, says: "The Conference fused struggle great men appeared- heroes and martyrs, ruffians and scounapparently decided that it was wiser to drels: all was anarchic. avoid a possible acrimonius dispute or even a schism by giving no categorical approval or disapproval to the South India Union; yet it hailed this as the most hopeful augury of coming unity:' The Anglo-Catholic Li'Ving Chu1'(;h, which deems the Plan unwise and dangerous, calls attention to the fact that the accompanying Encyclical Letter of the Archbishop of

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions A DEVOTIONAL SERVICE Have the nineteen women stand MESSAGES FROM THE PROPHETS in a row in the postures given by Sargent. When all are ready draw Secure from the Boston Public Li- the curtain, and call on them one by brary a colored copy of Sargent's one in order. Following portions of "Prophets" or find the same in a book Scripture were used at Northfield. on painting in your public library. Others might be chosen by the women themselves after a study of their Secure nineteen women to imper- prophets. This will make the ancients sonate the prophets depicted by the vivid to participants as well as begreat painter. Allow these to study holders. the picture thoroughly that each may visualize Sargent's conception of the Zephaniah: Zeph. 3: 17. person she is to portray. Use the very Joel: Joel 2: 28; 3: 14-16. simplest costuming, just enough to Obadiah: Obadiah verse 15. suggest the oriental garb. Nine can Hosea: Hosea 6: 1; 14: 1,4. use sheets, six should find brown Amos: Amos 5: 14. blankets or strips of dark bl'own cloth, Nahum: Nahum 1: 2,5,7. two may use slate blue or navy blue Ezekiel: Ezekiel 34: 26b; 35: 4, 9. blankets or cloth and three need rose Daniel: Daniel 2: 20-23. or violet blankets. For the central Elijah: 1 Kings 19: 14; 18: 37. figure use full yellow robe and cut Moses: Ex. 15: 11, 18; 20: 2-17. panels (3"xI8") from a large corru- Joshua: Joshua 3: 5, 9,23-24. gated box to represent the tables of Jeremiah: Jer. 29: 13; 31: 3. the law which Moses holds in his Jonah: Jonah 4: 3; 2: 2,7, 9. hands. Mark these with simulated Isaiah: Isa. 6:3, 8; 55:6, 7, 8, 9, Hebrew characters as in the picture. etc. Other properties include two scrolls Habakkuk: Hab. 3: 2. six inches wide and two feet long, Micah: Micah 7: 18. with Hebrew characters, a sling or Haggai: Haggai 2: 22. rope for Amos, a staff for Elijah and Malachi: Malachi 3: 7-10. a sword or a short stick to suggest a Zechariah: Zech. 4: 6, last sentence; sword for Joshua. 9: 9. Select from the words of each of these men of God a characteristic "THE ARMOR OF GOD"

prayer, imprecation, or command and Properties have each woman memorize hers. Then let a leader speak briefly of the Bible, helmet, breastplate, shield, mighty influence of these men of sandals, sword. prayer, and if she desires give outstanding characteristics of a few, the If obtainable, the sandals should be power, nearness, and almightiness of the oriental sort with straps for the Moses' prayer, Elijah's miracle-work- great toe. If not available, use low ing prayers, the sympathy and patri- slippers with no heel. otism of Jeremiah, the boldness of Daniel, etc. The breastplate may be made of cardboard cut like picture of breast- plate in Bible dictionary and covered 768

METHODS FOR WORKERS

0) RIGHTEOUSNESS 12"

( L_ _ _ _~W~o~r~d~o~f~G~O~D~———-=> 2'

1 – < – < ' – – – – – – – – – – 2 4 " – – – – – – – – -…..1 o o o ~ mu« 0 FOR END OF VISOR 1I "

SALVATION 160/4-"

with silver paper. Use Denison stiff cardboard about 2' long and 2¥2" gummed letters to label it "Righteous- wide, sloped ta a point. Cover with ness." The shield should be 28" or silver paper and letter "Word of God." 30" long of corrugated paper and have The helmet is made of light cardboard the word "Faith" in 3" or 4" letters. or stiff paper like the accompanying Use silver paper for this and the pattern and also covered with silver helmet, too. The sword is made of paper and lettered "Salvation."

4

Outline Hymn: Faith of Our Fathers. Leader: Eph. 6: 17a. Place helmet Hymn: Soldiers of Christ, Arise- on youth's head. 1-3. Solo: There Is a Green Hill Far Away. Scripture: Rom. 12: 1-3, WeymQuth Leader: Eph. 6: 17b. Hand sword translation. to Youth. Jesus said: Mark 16: 15. Solo: Follow Me. All sing, Soldiers of Christ Arise, fourth and fifth stanzas. Youth and Hark the voice of Jesus calling, Follow leader leave on opposite sides during Me, follow Me! fifth stanza.

Softly through the silence falling, Fol- To shorten, omit several songs. low, follow Me! MARY AND MARTHA CLUB-A As of old He called the fishers when He walked by Galilee, PERSONALITY AND FINANCE Still His patient voice is calling, Follow, METHOD follow Me. Realizing our women and girls are Who will heed the holy mandate, Follow wanting to share in a large way in Me, follow Me! this Pentecostal year, we are asking that these clubs be formed in every Leaving all things at His bidding, Fol- church. As a result of the spirit of low, follow Me! the first Pentecost the followers of Christ put all they had into a common Hark, that tender voice entreating mari- fund. Thus they met the need of all. ners in life's rough sea Weare trying to meet the needs of our brotherhood through the General Gently, lovingly repeating, Follow, fol- Fund of the United Christian Mis- low Me. sionary Society. This is the bread and butter fund. Out of it must come the Hearken, lest He plead no longer, Follow maintenance of all phases of work. Me, follow Me! Here is where the need is most insist- ent. Once again, 0 hear Him calling, Follow, follow Me! The National Promotional Depart- ment is asking for 1,900 churches and Turning swift at Thy sweet summons organizations within the church to (Enter swiftly Youth) give $100 more this year than they did evermore, 0 Christ would we last year. In some places the church alone, the Sunday-school and other or- For Thy love all else forsaking, Follow, ganizations will each give $100 over follow Thee! last year. In other places it may take the combination of two or more or- Youth (in white): I heard the voice ganizations to meet this aim. In a of the Lord saying, "Whom shall I few instances it may take the comsend and who will go for us?" Then bined effort of all to reach the $100 said I, "Here am I, send me t" increase.

Solo: Follow the Gleam. In our adult missionary organiza- Leader: 2 Tim. 3: 17; 2 Tim. 2: tion department we now have the bi- 15; John 5: 39; Col. 3: 16. During ennial membership. If an individual the recital of these verses, hand Youth member gives a special gift of $50.00 a Bible. over a period of two years she becomes Youth: Thy word is a lamp unto a Biennial member. If, in this Pentemy feet and a light to my path. Teach costal year, she gives $50.00 as a speme Thy statutes. Open mine eyes that cial gift into the General Fund before I may behold wondrous things out of Thy law. CPs. 119: 105, 64b, and 18.) Hymn: Open mine eyes, that I may see. Leader: Eph. 6: 11-13. Pause. Eph. 6: 14. Place breastplate on Youth. Eph. 6: 15. Hand sandals to Youth who lays Bible on table, kneels, and fastens on sandals. Solo: Peace I leave with you, or, Peace, perfect peace. Leader: Eph. 6: 16. Hand shield to youth.

June 15th she is counted a Charter Although I must haTe Martha's hands, Biennial member. These Biennial I have a Mary mind; memberships will count on the $100 And when I black the boots and shoes, extra gifts asked for by the National Thy sandals, Lord I find.

Promotional Department. We believe I think of how they trod the earth, many more than 1,900 churches and each time I scrub the floor; organizations and individuals will give Accept this meditation, Lord, I haven't this extra love gift of $100.00. time for more.

Well, what does all this have to do with the Mary and Martha Club? Just Warm all the kitchen with Thy love this. We believe many women and and light it with Thy peace; girls have more time and talent than Forgive me all my worrying and make they do money. We want to help them all grumbling cease.

convert this time and talent into mon- Thou didst love to give men food, in ey by going into partnership with the room or by the sea, Lord. Accept this service that I do-I do it 1. As a member of the Mary and unto Thee.

Martha Club you agree to invest from (This prayer was written by U. K. 10c to $10.00 in some way to bring in H., a girl 19 years of age, who is in returns from the investment, all of domestic service, and was read to a which is to be given as a special gift large congregation by Dr. G. Campinto the General Fund of the United bell Morgan at Westminster Chapel, Christian Missionary Society. London. Reprinted from The West- minster Record.) Printed in the July, 2. You may invest your time in 1929, issue of THE MISSIONARY REgiving lessons, caring for children, typing, washing and ironing, sewing, VIEW. cooking, etc. All this to be done as individuals in partnership with the As a member of the Mary and Mar- Lord, praying daily for His guidance, tha Club I agree to invest a sum of and blessing on all the world-wide money (lOc to $10.00) with the Lord work. We are to have the "Martha as my partner to work earnestly and hands and the Mary mind." Dig up persistently that all the returns from the buried talents. Don't be afraid this investment may be my second nor ashamed to work with your hands. mile giving in Pentecostal sharing Christ was a carpenter-Paul was a with others that the need of all may tent maker-Lydia was a seller of pur- be met. ple. God will surely add His blessing to this consecration of time, talent and I will put no limit on the amount money. Don't put a limit on what your to be received from the investment. gift may be. Make a real honest ef- Praying and working, this is my adfort and you will be greatly surprised venture in faith with Him. This gift at the results. This is a Love Gift will not count on regular aims. It is over and above regular dues and of- to be sent through my missionary orferings and wiLl not count on regular ganization to the General Fund of the United Christian Missionary Society.

aims. List of Members I DO IT UNTO THEE Name Amount invested Lord of all pots and pans and things; President, since I've no time to be Vice-Pres.

A saint by doing lovely things or Secretary, watching late with Thee, Treasurer, Or dreaming in the dawn light, or Lit. Secy., storming heaven's gates, Make me a saint by getting meals, and washing up the plates.

The following helpful Junior Ma- classroom. It seems to give them a terial was furnished by Mrs. C. K. feeling of reverence and holiness, as Lippard, of the Lutheran Board: well as of achievement.

For the Leader Who Says, "We Contacts with foreigners near by Can't A:lford" sometimes cost nothing, yet bring about world friendship in the most Save sheets from your large adver- natural and fitting way possible.

tising calendars. The blank backs Friendliness to the Chinese laundry- make good poster mounts. man and the Italian fruit man in your Brown or gray wrapping paper neighborhood may be more valuable make excellent scrapbooks if carefully than a series of lessons.

folded, creased and cut. Also can be A letter to a missionary or a child cut into camels, elephants, etc. in a foreign land costs little but means Laundry cardboards and suit boxes much and often brings an answer that are excellent for poster backs and for makes world-children seem nearer and construction boards. dearer.

Current magazines furnish all sorts of nature pictures, foreign land pic– THE :MAN WHO :MEANT TO GIVE tures, ships and travel pictures that By HOWARD W. POPE, make missions alive to a child. St. Petersburg, Florida Used Christmas cards furnish stars, He was a good man, kind and true, camels, Madonnas, etc. Covers of Who often told what he would do Christmas numbers of magazines are When he was rich and had the means, often more beautiful than expensive And lived no longer on baked beans. And this he said from day to day, pictures. They may be used for Until his best years slipped awayposters and scrapbook work. Not knowing God will close the door To wealth-unless we help the poor. If children are asked to look for and bring certain pictures from home they When hard times came and all around, almost always find them in old maga- Bread lines were formed in every town, zines. Villages of different countries He gave no cash, he gave no bread; can be made by larger boys and girls Instead of that, he often said- "Next year I will begin to give," out of material collected from "trash" Not knowing surely that he'd liveif they are encouraged to find, bring The same old story newly told, Though every day he laid up gold. and use materials in their own way.

Peanuts and potatoes make excel- When mighty Mississippi wrought lent animals. Sponges make bushes; Death and destruction, dearly bought– pieces of glass, or silver paper, rivers And calls were made on every hand and windows. Any boy who has a To help the suff'ring of the land, God spake to him a hundred times, printing press or a set of letter sten- But he would not give even dimes; cils is proud to be asked to use them But daily to himself he liedto letter posters, notices. With good intentions satisfied.

A group of noisy boys was once held And when the sick could no more wait and interested by being allowed to For his intentions which were late, make a church window by putting to- They simply died and passed beyond gether pieces of colored paper on the All chance for that man to respond. Last week that man lay dead and cold, back of an old window shade. It took And all he left behind was gold. months to finish the window, collect- He had no friends-he never had, ing the paper bit by bit and putting Because his life made no one glad.

it together again and again until the Here is a lesson all should learnright effect was gained. When the Give what you can-but quickly burn shade is hung in a strong sunlight Your good intentions which bring naught against an open window or clear glass, But bitter heartaches, dearly bought. even strangers exclaim at its soft Today's chance we can now securebeauty. The boys look at their win- Tomorrow's is by no means sure. dow at once when they enter their If we let this chance slip away, It may not come another day.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York, and FWRENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Secretaries of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Council of Women for Home Missions I AM THE MISSION STUDY CLASS Apologies to the author of HI Am the Immigrant"

I am the Mission Study Class-join me.

Since the time of my birth I have helped others. I was born of the craving for wider knowledge, more efficient work, and deeper spirituality. My footprints are found in many churches.

I am often in some homes. I even enter the colleges. I am glad when I mingle with the mem- WILLIAM CAREY AND 'fHE WORLD rHOBLEM bers of the young people's societies, for I help them to reach the highest standard of efficiency. In a recent letter from a board came I delight in the company of those in the a little leaflet on which were the above young women's missionary societies. I serve at the men's clubs and help them picture and wording. Enquiring for permission to use this material in THE to know world affairs. I pass wonderful hours in conversation REVIEW, we were told the following with the women of the missionary societies. story.

I am found in some Sunday-schools, al- It seems that some fifteen years ago ways in those doing the best work. the Missionary Education Movement I consist of a few . congenial people, printed this as a leaflet-in much the preferably from six to ten. I meet once a week for one hour or more same form. Mrs. Charles L. Fry, of at each session, for a course lasting six weeks; or one full day a week the Lutheran Board, secured permisfor three weeks. sion to reprint it and borrowed the dispel ignorance, remove prejudice, cut. The cut was returned and when overcome indifference, and arouse in- terest. the Movement merged with the Inter- I encourage benevolence. church World Movement, it was either I increase and vitalize prayer. destroyed or lost.

I develop strong, active Christian char- A year ago finding neither photo- acter, and provide missionaries. graph nor cut available, Mrs. Fry sent I present for study a literature which excels "in truth, in pathos, in dig- to the Missionary Education Move- nity, in simplicity, in its contribu- tion to scientific research, in its ment of London for the photograph direct bearing on great world prob- and, slightly revised, the leaflet "in lems." the ego" once more came forth. It And yet, there are some who say they was so well liked that two other de- have no time for me. nominational boards secured permis- I am one of the "worthwhile" things and sion to print it, and now Mrs. Fry has kindly loaned us the photograph and you should learn to "put first things given permission to publish. May this first." If I can be fused into the church work, I will do you good. personification of the Mission Study For information on textbooks and leader's helps, write to your own denomina- Class continue to do good service.

tional headquarters. F.E. Q.

773

THE FOREIGN-LANGUAGE ress is being made. A bi-lingual OHUROH leadership is absolutely necessary. The pastor must preach in English to Findings of an interdenomill,u.tiona,l con~ reach his young people. There is an terence held under auspices of the Joint Com- increasing tendency away from the mittee on City and New Americans of the establishment of separate churches Home Missions' Council and Council of Women and missions, and toward departments for Home ~Iissions, (Slightly adapted.) of American churches. We have been guilty of the sin of denominational The purpose of the Conference on competition. Large sums are spent on the Foreign-Language Church held in Italian evangelization, and the prog- New York City on May 8, 1930, was ress of the people in giving toward to evaluate the work being done among the foreign-language groups; to ap- self-support has been slow. praise the methods, programs and results of the work; and to determine The four Hungarian churches are the best possible lines of work for the large and strong and show progress toward self-support, but little progfuture. ress toward identification with Amer- In the last fifteen years, dating ican life.

from the beginning of the Great War, The Czechs are rapidly being abimmigration from Europe has aver- sorbed into our American churches.

aged only 207,000 a year and an aver- The Spanish-speaking work is most encouraging. There are 15 centers age departing to Europe of a little now operating. less than 100,000. Accordingly our net increase in population from the The other languages now being used European countries has been about are Greek, Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, 100,000. This has bearing upon the Esthonian, Latvian, Armenian, Syrian, work of our foreign-language churches. Filipino, Chinese, Japanese, Korean.

The foreign language work being One hundred and seven Englishdone in Greater New York, and the speaking Presbyterian churches in Presbyterian work in Philadelphia Philadelphia were studied. Of these, were reviewed, as cross-sections of the in the last ten-year period there was a entire task. The following facts were gain of six per cent in membership, while the city shows fifteen to sixteen represented: per cent gain in population. There In Greater New York there are now was a fourteen per cent loss in Sun- day-school enrollment. Of forty-seven one hundred and two churches or Hungarian Presbyterian churches in church enterprises conducting Prot- the United States, in the ten-year estant work in some foreign language. period the gain in membership was In this list are not included the twenty-seven per cent while their churches for the older immigration, Sunday-schools gained fifty-six per such as German, Scandinavian, French cent. and Welsh, as they do not constitute a home mission problem in the main. Of seventy-one Pre s by t e ria n Forty-eight of the one hundred and churches using the Italian language, two enterprises are for Italians. Fif- over the ten-year period there was a teen of these are separate organized gain of eighteen per cent-7,000 memchurches, sixteen are missions, and bers-and twenty-one per cent gain in seventeen are departments of Amer- the Sunday-schools. The Slavic group includes Slavic churches in New Jerican churches. Bey, the Pittsburgh region, and also There are several elements of dis- a group of Czech churches in the middle west. They showed a gain of couragement, based mainly upon de- forty-one per cent in church membercreased immigration; increased pros- ship and six per cent only in the Sunperity, causing removal of these day-schools. families from the old neighborhoods; and the increased use of English. On the other hand, there is unanimous confidence in the need and in the possibility of Italian evangelization. Results indicate that slow but real prog-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

The per capita for the Presbyterian group; the group must express itself Church in 1929, for 2,004,000 mem- in leadership, in forms of thinking, bers, was $18 for current congrega- and in responsibility. Today we are tional support, which takes out build- thinking in terms of self-support, not ings. The 6,000 Italian members gave $11 per capita; the Slavs $15; the to save our budgets, but to increase Hungarians $17, almost on the level of the effectiveness of the group. Selfthe whole Presbyterian Church. The support is an educational process. In average Christian in the foreign lan- Europe the churches received state guage church is giving relatively more support. The Hungarians are making per capita from his slender resources good contributions on church property, than our English-speaking people. but not so good on pastors' salaries.

Conclusions of the Conference A strong local leadership is abso- lutely necessary to a successful work So far as we can measure the for- among foreign-speaking groups. Staeign-language churches statistically, bility depends upon leadership. they have made encouraging progress. Whether they have now reached the The custom of some foreign-lanpeak or not, remains to be seen. They guage churches to loan their buildings are certainly facing a period of transition and deserve the continuing sym- to secular nationalistic organizations pathy and loyalty of our home mission for meetings was questioned by some, agencies. but the consensus of opinion was that it is legitimate, provided the morals Foreign language work should be and ethics of the church dominate all of at least three types – separate proceedings. They can be beneficial churches, missions in separate build- to the church, and also exert a wholeings, and departments of the Amer- some influence upon these groups. ican church. The type of church depends altogether on conditions. The There is considerable concern about church must adapt itself to its en- the ability of the foreign-language vironment. As long as the attitude of churches to hold the young people. the American church is, "we do not want these foreigners," we must have The facts in the case are not very enthese racial groups keeping by them- couraging. The consensus of opinion selves. We must promote a Christian was that the pastor is the hope in the spirit among the American churches. situation. It very largely depends We have to outgrow the day of the upon him. He must be youthful in foreign-language mission church. spirit, sincere, earnest and sympa- The unorganized neighborhood house thetic. The entire family must be or church has value and should be reached, and the church built upon a continued. This type of work has won family basis. its way, has established its place, and has served both foreign-speaking and The regular American churches are English-speaking people in both large having varying degrees of success in and small cities. Social settlements absorbing the second generation yonng have had a large influence in shaping people. Fifteen churches responded social legislation, and in changing social conditions. Christian social to the question, "What success are you centers, and other so-called institu- having in absorbing second generation tional churches, ought to be regarded young people in your regular Ameras "listening posts" and ought to have a means of communication back to the ican church?" The answers may be Church. classified as follows: Religion to be secure must be indigenous; it must grow out of the 1. Churches where children of foreign groups are practically nil and where there is no special interest in the subject.

2. Churches where the situation ob- tains to a certain degree and they are at a loss to know just what to do.

3. Churches that deal with the situa- tion through their associated or branch churches, thus relieving the main church, as they see it, from any special responsi- bility.

4. Churches, like the Madison Avenue programs of church worship, giving Presbyterian in New York City, whose much attention to the instruction of enrollment in the church school consists children in the Sunday-school, and of practically 500/0 of children born of more time to the preparation of their foreign parents (in this particular message to their people. The whole church Czecho-Slovakia) and where 500/0 question of religious educational methof the new members received into the ods and material for foreign-language church from the Sunday-school would be churches was considered of primary these chi I d r e n of Czecho-Slovakian importance, and requiring careful parents. study. The entire matter, including the question of proselyting, was re- 5. Churches, like the North Presby- ferred to a small committee for careterian Church in New York City, where ful study and for report to the Joint they have a great many children from Committee on City and New Amer- Swedish, Armenian and British parent- icans. age and non-Roman Catholic background "who have usually been assimilated as There is an increasing tendency for Americans with little or no national dis- English-speaking churches to come tinction." into some kind of relationship with the foreign-language churches. There 6. A large group of churches which, is in many places a merging of the through their Daily Vacation Bible English-speaking and the foreign- School, summer activities and Sunday- speaking churches. There is a strongly school, have a number of children whose felt need for yoked or united churches. parents are affiliated with the Roman Federation and other forms of inter- Catholic and Eastern Church report denominational adjustments looking that these children are absorbed "into toward greater efficiency and better the group of our young people as are service, were thought to be desirable. children of American parents." In a number of centers there was thought to be overlapping. By reduc- The indications are that the for- ing the number of projects and center- ing upon the more likely ones, the total eign-language work has neglected too results would be greater. This whole matter of mergers, consolidations, and much the use of literature. The federations was referred to a small committee to work out practical plans. power of the printed page, and the use READERS' COURSE of colporteurs was stressed very Pl'epared by National Committee on the strongly. The possibilities of united Cause and Cure of War. Room 1116. Grand Central Terminal Bldg., New York. work in the field of literature for for- It was agreed at the conference in eign-language groups were considered Washington last January that the Readers' Course should be continued to be great. There is need of an inter- and that as many delegates and friends of the Cause and Cure of War as posdenominational training school for sible should be urged to join in the reading. workers a m 0 n g foreign – speaking In view of the fact that the London groups and especially for the training Naval Conference succeeded in getting a treaty on disarmament, that a Comof colporteurs. Interdenominational mittee of Preparation for Disarma- ment under the League of Nations is bi-lingual papers are very much considering a program for another Commission on Disarmament, and that needed. the outcome of these two efforts has Social programs for foreign-lan- clearly shown that disarmament is a guage groups and churches are abso- lutely essential and should be pro- moted. Religion is a spirit that can be communicated, passed from one per- son to another, and the social ap- proach to boys and girls permeated by the Christian spirit is essential.

The present immigration situation is producing important changes in programs. Pastors are giving more emphasis to the distinctively religious phases of their work. A pastor said, "Ten years ago I had to teach English, but now I can spend my evenings in prayer-meetings, and more time can be given to religion." They are study- ing programs of religious education,

measure difficult of accomplishment Selected Article8 on DisarmrLment and yet imperative in its need if the compiled by Mary Katherine Reely. H. world is to achieve peace, it seems W. Wllson, 960 University Avenue, New very important that we should under- York. $2.25. stand the problem of disarmament better than any of us do. The Pact of Paris compiled by James Thayer Gerould. H. W. Wilson. $2.40. Therefore, we shall devote the Conference in January, 1931, mainly to Reference Shelf-DisrLrmrLment comthe question vf Disarmament and de- piled by Julia E. Johnson. H. W. Wilvote the first section of the Reading son. 90c. Course to Disarmament. The World Court (History, Organiza- SECTION I tion and Work); also The World Court, Fifty Questions Answered, and accom- Section II will appear in a later REVIEW. panying leaflet. The American Founda- tion, 565 Fifth Avenue, New York. Free. CODlpulsory Reading Course The Root Formu/rL rLnd the World No one can take this course and say she Court. National League of Women Vothas completed it unless she has read these ers, 1015 Grand Central Terminal Bldg., books. It is the only list that is compulsory, New York. 10c. hut the three books it contains must be read. Tbe total cost is a little more tban $5.30. United States and The World Court by Philip C. Jessup. World Peace Foun- Navies and Nations by Hector C. By- dation, 40 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, water. Houghton, Mifflin Co., 386 Fourth Mass. $2. Avenue, New York (1927). $4. A discount of 50c may be deducted if ordered The World Court, If1f!f!-lf1fUJ, by Manthrough the National Committee on the ley O. Hudson. World Peace Founda- Cause and Cure of War, checks made tion, 40 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, Mass. payable to that Committee. $1.75.

America'8 Naval Challenge by Fred- THE PEACE MOVEMENT IN erick Moore. Macmillan, 60 Fifth Avenue, New York. $1.50. CANADA Naval DisarmrLm,ent by Hugh Latimer. By HELEN M. STRACHAN A brief record from the Washington Conference to date. Royal Institute of In the promotion of peace through International Affairs, Chatham House, the League of Nations, the Churches St. James Square, London, S. W. 1 of Canada have played a large part by (1930). A limited number may be had keeping before their members the of the Council of Foreign Relations, 25 West 43d Street, New York. $1. aims and ideals of the League. The Women's Missionary Societies of a Light Reading number of the churches are also vitally interested. The Woman's Mis- Issued in form of stories, the object of which sionary Society of the Presbyterian is to make the readers desire to join the forces Church in Canada is a corporate memof peace. These three light reading books, which it would be a pity not to have read, ber of the League of Nations Society cost $7.50. in Canada, and our women are there- fore closely allied with this greatest German Students' War Letters by modern movement for the peace of the Philip Witkop. Translated from original world. This Society, by lectures and edition by A. Bredd. E. P. Dutton, 286 literature, extends the knowledge of Fourth Avenue, New York. $3. the League's doings and publishes the Interdependence monthly. This infor- The Wet Flanders Plain by Henry Williamson. Read and join the crusade. mation is given to our women through E. P. Dutton. $2. the medium of our missionary mag- azine. StepdrLughters of War by H. Z. Smith. Not nice reading. "Savage and unsenti- Another interesting movement has mental." E. P. Dutton. $2.50. been the formation of a Canadian branch of the World Alliance for the Reference Books promotion of International Friendship through the Churches. The Alliance Certain reference books are added with the has its branches all through the Conrequest that these books shall be secured by your library or by someone in your group who tinent and Britain. With this Canawill serve as volunteer librarian for the read- dian Branch are connected the Angliing group in your town. Two are compilations on Disarmament j one is a compilation on thp Pact of Paris; several are on The World Court, anyone or more of which may be srlected. 'l'hey are especially good for sDeakers, debaters, essayists, or for other utilitarian needs.

can Church, the Baptists of Ontario, WHAT SHALL OUR POLICY BE? Quebec and the Maritimes, the United Church, the Presbyterian Church, the By OWEN D. YOUNG Salvation Army and the Quakers. Among its activities are included an When our political policy in interinterchange of preachers in many of national affairs becomes cooperative the border cities of the United States in spirit, which need not involve us in and Canada, and the observance of the entanglements or alliances; when our Sunday before Christmas, on which economic policy looks to the economic prayers are said for the promotion of development of the world as a whole peace and goodwill. and the improvement of living stand- ards everywhere; when our tariffs There is also in Toronto the Inter- and our treaties are made to evidence Church Committee of the League of this spirit (because we are under ,sus- Nations, a woman's organization com- picion now); then we may hope for prising not only the women of the effective plans for farm relief, for re- Protestant Churches but of the Jewish duction of 'our surplus of raw materiand Catholic faiths. Frequent meet- als and manufactured goods, for relief ings are held during the year, when of unemployment, and for-what is addresses are given to stimulate the most important of all-a better spirit attitude of church women against ag- of all nations towards us and towards gressive war, and to bring before each other. That means peace, and them what is 'being done by the wom- peace thrives in a world of contenten of other countries in the interest ment and mutual welfare. It cannot of peace. live in a world or in a nation where there are great inequalities and in- The interest of our Canadian church justices caused by man-made barriers. women was quickened last year by the appointment of Dr. Caroline Mac- What shall our policy be? Whatdonald to the Labor Conference at ever it is, it must be a large and all- Geneva, as interpreter and general as- embracing one. We cannot have a sistant to the Labor Delegate from world-wide economic program if it is Japan, and her report on her return to be defeated by a narrow political at a public meeting under the auspices policy. It does no good for businesses of the Inter-Board Committee. Dr. to send their representatives to for- Macdonald carries on in Tokyo a large eign countries to sell our surplus work among prisoners and girls in in- goods if, politically, we ruthlessly ofdustry. She is called by the Japanese fend the very customers they are tryan ambassador of good will between ing to create. We may tax ourselves the two nations. Two of the Woman's in huge amounts to buy a farm sur- Missionary Societies of Canada give plus, but we will have t() move it out grants to this work. That a Canadian of America or that program will fail. woman should be chosen to interpret After all, the consuming power of the for a foreign power at a gathering world has to be raised but little to which was striving to relieve in all take care of the surpluses which cause nations the misunderstanding between so much disaster to ourselves. capital and labor and help usher in a new and better day in industry, was We, more than anyone in the world, a tribute to Christian missions. need an era of good feeling, not only in our own country but elsewhere. I Believing, as we do, that world beg the leaders both in politics and friendship and prevention of misunder- economics to cultivate it. He who standings among nations is one of the makes bad feelings at home or abroad chief concerns of Christian churches, is not only a destroyer of our proswho represent on earth the Prince of perity today, but he will be the cause Peace, we can do nought else as church of far worse things tomorrow. Amerwomen but throw our whole might ica has no use, nor has the world, for into the promotion of peace. professional manufacturers of bad will.

Visitors corne from the remotest

Roman Catholics Gain in China of the country, and the most inacces- sible parts of the province. RECEIPT of an official report of the apostolic delegate to China show- Last spring an exhibition dealing ing a total membership in the Roman with improved agricultural methods Catholic Church in China of 2,473,619, and village life was visited by over an increase of 47,637 last year, was fifty thousand people, while nearly five announced May 13. thousand students of the local G'Overn- ment scho'Ols carne in relays. The report, made public by the Rev. James G. Keller, superior of the Mary- The Institute is taking a part in knoll Junior Seminary at Los Altos, the nati'On-wide movement against California, showed that, aside from illiteracy, and schools for both boys the regular. clergy there are nine and girls are operating regularly. Chinese bishops, 1,371 Chinese priests, Sunday-schools of three grades meet more than 5,000 Chinese nuns, and on Sundays, in which a total enrolment approximately 4,000 Chinese young of 250 is now recorded. – Missionary men preparing f'or the priesthood.- Herald.

New York Times.

A Legation Stair Observer on the Child Slave. of C:hina China Famine F D OR many years Mrs. F. J. Dymond R. CLAUDE BUSS of the staff of has been doing a splendid work on the American Legation in Peiping behalf of the child slaves of South- recently traveled into one of the West China. famine sections with John Earl Baker, director 'Of the China International In the Preface to her book, "Yun- Famine Relief Commission to investinan," Mrs. Dymond quotes from a gate famine conditions in places where League of Nations publication the there are no roads or railroads and to statement that there are three mil- ascertain how the contributions from lion child slaves in China. She fears America for famine sufferers could that of the eighteen provinces of best be used. He writes: China, Yunnan has the largest propor- tion. She does not mince her words Oh! The sights in the famine area! in showing what this traffic in slaves Beggars everywhere, homes with roofs means. In "Yunnan," Mrs. Dymond torn off to provide fuel, corpses always does not deal exclusively with this naked, lying by the side of the road to problem, but gives vivid word-pictures provide food for dogs and flies. Every- 'Of this part of the country where she body lean and haggard for lack of food. has spent so many years.-Missionary One old man so far gone we gave him Echo. money to buy a meal but he didn't want it. Not enough energy left to even want. The Institute at Tsinanfu He fell down and practically died at our feet. Swollen ankles from weak hearts, T HE people visit the Institute in as swollen stomachs from eating poisonous large numbers as ever. Rarely do weeds-such is a famine region. And the figures fall below 400,000 an- even :worse, every house is a nest of lice, nually, which is about equal to .the scorpiOns and bugs. The bites of these whole population of Tsinanfu cIty. insects spread plague and typhus. Two gwleaedksI wofasthtaot,geatndhoymoeu.~cLaenttimeragtoineChhionwa Famine Relief.

779

Girls School at Shnntefn He attended the L. M. S. schools, first in Peiping and afterwards in Tientsin, OVER the entrance of the mission where he studied theology under Dr. sch{)ol for girls at Shuntefu, Jonathan Lees. In later life he seized China, is thi,s significant title, in various opportunities for fuller edu- Chinese characters, translated liter- cation, taking a two years' course of ally, "Refining furnace pure character study in Bible Training Institute, female learning school." The happy Glasgow, and spending another two in girls I saw inside were a good ex- America at Columbia University and hibit of the effect of the pure char- the Union Theological College. He reacter training they were receiving. ceived his D.D. from Toronto and was One feature of the school is very prac- the first Chinese to become a Doctor tical. Simple living I'ooms fitted up of Divinity of a western university. as a home are located near the gate apart from the dormitory. Here When the China Continuation Comgroups of four girls, two ()lder and mittee was formed II>S the result of two younger ones, live together under Dr. Mott's visit to the Far East, he supervision of the faculty, with full became its Chinese secretary, and reresponsibility for the housekeeping. moved to Shanghai. As is well known, They must buy their food, cook it, the National Christian Council a few serve it, keep the accounts, and attend years later succeeded t{) this committo all other h{)usekeeping duties for tee. When this hapened, Dr. Cheng a month at Ii time. In this way they passed from the secretaryship of the learn by doing, and their own homes one to that of the other, and still later will be the better managed for retains that position. such training.-Letter from George H. Trull,. He presided over the N~tional Christian Conference in 1922, that C. Y. Cheng, Great Chinese Leader epoch-making occasion on which half of the thousand delegates were Chi- OF THOSE who recently crowded nese, and in the various committees the City Temple on the occasion the proportion was far larger. of the annual sermon of the London Missionary Society, a few, no doubt, In 1927 he was appointed the first were present at the Edinburgh Con- Moderator of the Church of Christ in ference twenty years ago. These will China. The following year he reprehave recalled the impression that C. sented his country at the International Y. Cheng made as a young man at Christian Council in Jerusalem, and that historic meeting. took a prominent part in its proceed- ings. He is a vice-chairman of the Since then he hll>s grown steadily International Missionary Council, repin power and influence, and is to-day resenting practically all {)f the Protone of the greatest Christian forces estant missions in the world. The in his own country, and highly re- high positions that have been accorded garded by the universal Church. Dr. to him are an indication of the fact Mott has repeatedly referred to him as that he is universally regarded as a "the great prophet of China." great spiritual force.-Christine I. Tinling, in The Christian, London. The London Missionary Society claims him as it.s own, and certainly GENERAL has every right to be proud of him as one of its "old boys." Dr. Cheng's The Patriarch of Alexandria father was a pastor in Peiping under that mission for a quarter of a cen- MELETIUS, the Ecumenical Patritury. arch of Alexandria, was one of the notable figures at the Lambeth Little Ching-Vi was baptized when Conference. He is {)ne of the besthe WII>S five years old, and grew up in known characters in the whole orthoa home fragrant with holy influences. dox communion. Greek by birth, he

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first rose to importance as Archbishop congregation which gathered there for of the Church of Cyprus, and a politi- worship and went out from there for cal colleague of Venizelos, by wh()m vital Christian service. Words that he was drawn to the throne of Athens. he has recently spoken may wi,sely be At the next vacancy of the patriarchal pondered by his brother ministers throne, the influence of that states- throughout the country. "People," he man, then as now dominant in Greek has said, "are tired on Sunday. They life, procured his election to Constan- have seen enough shows through the tinople. week. They have had all the enter- taining they care for. What they want As Patriarch he was a leader in the on the Lord's day is a quiet conversavarious reforms that the best men in tion with an earnest-minded man who the Orthodox Church then saw to be is interested in the high things of the needful. But when the Turk came spirit and who knows how to interpret back he was one of the immediate ob- the words of Jesus and the signs of jects of their vengeance. Soldiers the times. Declamation is a bore, orawere sent to arrest him. A telephone tory is an offense, fireworks of every message to the British embassy sort are an impertinence. but a quiet brought down a boat crew on the in- talk on the deep things of God is alstant, and they found the prelate ac- ways strengthening and healing. A tually being forced into the motor preacher who is content to speak in car which was to take him into a cap- everyday language to his people Suntivity where he would have vanished day after Sunday about Jesus Christ, forever. The sailors prevented the and the application of Christian ideas arrest, thereby undoubtedly saving to their personal experiences and to his life, but the Turks were able to the problems of their generati()n, can insist on his resignation of the see, be 'interesting and fresh at the end of and he retired to a monastery on thirty years."-Christian Century. Mount Athos. Thence he was summoned to the throne of Alexandria, Dr. Bowie on Marriage from which he is the ruler of all Orthodox in Africa, including the con- I T IS time that Christian ministers siderable body at such centers as Jo- should recognize the danger of behannesburg. All men would agree he coming mere adjuncts to a social funcis one of the most forceful characters tion and should become increasingly in the Orthoaox episcopate of the day, the priests and interpreters of God's and a prelate whose career has a note meaning for marriage. There ought of the picturesque and the adventur- to be a difference between religious ous that is not too common in this marriage and nonreligious marriage. century.-Living Church. There 'ought to be a difference between Christian marriage and marriage Dr. Jelrerson Leaves the Broadway which is entered into with no thought of the spirit of Christ. If men and Tabernaele women come to the church to be mar- ried, then they ought to desire not DR. CHARLES E. JEFFERSON simply that the church shall solemnize has preached his last serm()n as the marriage ceremony, but that it pastor of the Broadway Tabernacle, should contribute its continuing in- New York City. With the end of that spiration t'O their married life. pastorate there comes to a close one of the most influential ministries in the Our new standards for marriage at history of the American pulpit. For Grace Church are not conceived in any thirty years Dr. Jefferson has been spirit of compulsion. We are not unpreaching in the great church which qualifiedly asking that women and men stands so close to the business center should "join" a Christian church. We of the metropolis. And for thirty hope they will join one, in full status years that church has been filled, not as Christian communicants, but we with curiosity seekers, but with a real

recognize that this may involve quell- the Theological Faculty of the Uni- tions of creed and other difficulties of versity at Zurich. A professorship adjustment which cannot be pledged was granted to him after only three in advance. What we do ask is that years of academic work at the unithey shall "seek to associate themselves versity because of his distinguished for worship and fellowship with a pioneer work in the field of interna- Christian church in the community tional Christian cooperation. where they reside." If they do not want this, there is no reason why they In the document pertaining to the should come to the church to be mar- professorship, the University empharied; and, if they do want it, there is sizes the fact that through his work every reas'on why we of the church on behalf of the Stockholm and Laushould help them to find it.-From a sanne Conferences and their Continusermon by the Rev. W. Russell Bowie, ation Committee·s, and his directorship D.D., Rector of Grace Prtotestant Epis- of the International Social Christian copal Church, New York. Institute, he is in the happy position of standing in the very center of the Gifts for Religion Lead most important theological and eccle- siastical movements, and is thus able THE strength of religious sentiment to lead his ,students into the newly in the United States is reflected in created "ecumenical theology" which the fact that special gifts to religion concerns itself with the points of simled all other objects of philanthropy ilarity in the conception of the Gospel in 1929. The exact figures, as re- among the Christian Churches as well ported by the John Price Jones Cor- as with the weighty social and ethical poration, are: Religion, $996,300,000; problems of present-day Christianity. education, $467,500,000; gifts for personal charity, $279,760,000; organized The Lambeth Resolves charitable relief, $278,710,000; health, $221,510,000; foreign relief, $132,- T HERE were great searchings of 000,000; the fine arts, $40,000,000;· heart at the Lambeth Conference. play and recreation, $20,900,000; mis- And there were great resolves of cellaneous reform organizations, $14,- heart, chief of which was that "the 040,000. It might further be noted Christian Church of every nation that of the funds given for education shQuld refuse to countenance any war a large proportion went to church col- in regard to which the government leges, and that the inspiration for the of its own country ,has Jlot declared $558,000,000 given to charity had its its willingness to submit the matter rise in fundamentally religious im- in dispute to arbitration." If this pulses. Directly or indirectly, religion were lived up to by all the members operated more powerfully on American of that particular Church around the pursestrings than any other one in- globe, and they were joined by all the fluence. It obviously remains a much members of the other Christian stronger influence in our national life Churches, the end of war would be than may be inferred from certain assured. critics of the organized churches, 'or from the observations of circles indif- A citizen following this "resolve" ferent to the subject.-C h r is t ian would have normal and spiritual au- Standard. thority of the highest character for refusing to go to war if his country Swiss Government Honors Dr. Keller refused to take the preliminary step toward peace. This reservati-on would DR. ADOLF KELLER, the Federal carry national patriotism into a higher Council's special representative level than that which often prevails in Europe, wa,s recently the recipient in times of great emotional exciteof a very unusual honor, bestowed on ment. The position taken by the conhim by the Swiss Government through ference offers a challenge to every government that has entered into the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

pact for the. pacific settl~n:ent of in- and social injustice, all sectarianism and ternational dlsputes. Indlvlduals have Protestant division, all lawlessness and dared to go so far under the prompt- selfish nationalism and all attacks on the ings of their own consciences. But movement toward disarmament.-New this is the unanimous pronouncem~nt York Times. of a body of Bishops representmg their constituents in practically all the LATIN AMERICA countries of the earth. Indian Facts Other resolves relate to matters of more intimate concern to the family REV. W. CAMERON TOWNSEND, life and to individual faith……. But of the Central American Mission, out of all the disquieting perplexities submits the following facts concerning which have confronted the Church in modern society, it ri·ses with un- Indians in the Americas: . dimmed faith and confident hope, asserting that with the help of science There are 500 or more Indian Ian" it is' now able to trace "a continuous process of creative development ~t guages spoken in Latin America which every stage of which we find the ~I­ vine Presence and power." Scientific have not been reduced to writing. thinking has given back to us a sense of reverence for a Creator who is Many of these Indian tribes live in ~he "always and everywhere active within the universe."-New York Times. almost inaccessible fastnesses of m- terior South America. Some of them have never been visited by the white man.

Definite effort is being made by various pioneer missionary agencies to reach these scattered peoples, but the need has not begun to be met.

Christian Endeavor-Berlin Meeting Protestantism in Argentina T HE last day of the eighth World I N ARGENTINA we are being con- Chri·stian Endeavor Congress was fronted with the immigration prob- marked by services in nearly all the lem. Up to within ten years, most of Berlin churches to which the dele- our immigration came from the South gates from forty"two nations. thr?nged of Europe, but now we are getting and by an enthusiastic meetmg m the people from the north: Germans, evening, the closing session of the Poles, Czechoslovaks, etc. A great congress, to which more than 15,000 many of them are Protestants. Years came to take leave of one another and ago, when the Argentine Gover.nme~t repledge themselves to carry on ~he took the census of its populatIon, It work of the society in their respective invariably announced the number of lands. Catholics and Protestants to be found within its territory; but they no Dr. Daniel A. Poling, president of longer do that.. The Protestant popthe World Christian Endeavor Union, ulation has increased tremendously said: within these last years.-Bible Society Record. We have opened a new epoch in the youth movement of the Ch!"isti.an C~urc?, Venezuela to Pay Off Its Debt I believe. Our organizatlOn IS actIve m 112 lands. Eighty thousand one hundred A NEW day.of celebrating.a nationand seven societies are reported. al histone event has Just been adopted by Venezuela. That country, Germany's welcome to this army of to commemorate the 100th anniver- Christian Endeavor members has been sary of the establishment of its indespontaneous and unqualified. Ever~­ pendence from Spanish rule, which where we have been treated well. PresI- took place under the leadership of dent von Hindenhurg's w~lcome an.d ~ur Bolivar, has decided during the year talk with him were partICularly sIgnIfi- to payoff its entire national debt of cant. His life motto, "Ora et Labora" $4,700,000. [worship and work], became the convention message.

In the final hour of dedication these representatives of 4,000,000 yo,ung peol?le vowed themselves against all mter-raclal

University of Mexico more tourists to this island of en- chantment. A very fine purpo.se ….. . THE National University of Mexico However, there is one feature of its was originally founded under papal program with which the writer is sanction in 1553 by decree of Philip completely out of harmony. In its or- II of Spain. It claims to be the oldest ganization meeting the leader, amid university in the Western Hemisphere, hearty amens from those about him, antedating the founding of Harvard said: "This publicity about homeless College by eighty-six years. It has p;ople, hungry and naked children, had a long and varied history, and is Sickness and neglect must be stopped. now independent alike of ecclesiastical We must allow nothing but that which as well as political control, although in is rose tinted and good to be said about part receiving its support from the our island." No doubt his purpose is revenues of the Republic. The Pre·si- good, but his judgment is bad. That dent of the United States of Mexico is one of the thi'ngs which has held and other high officers are ex-officio Porto Rico back for so long. It has members of its board of trustees, the not been willing to face right up to majority of whom are elected from the its shortcomings and its needs. Percitizenry of the Republic, the faculty, haps the greatest thing which Gov. and in part from the students. Its Theodore Roosevelt did for Porto Rico present official title is "Universidad was to place its actual conditions be- Nacional Autonoma de Mexico." There fore the people of the United States. are nine thousand students and well Porto Rico is definitely a part of the organized departments of study and United States of America. Her citiresearch in the various sciences, in- zens are citizens of the nation. A weak cluding the Instituto de Biologia and spot here is a weak spot in the nation. the National Museum of Natural His- Dying children, nakedness, and starvatory.-W. J. Holland, in The Carnegie tion here mean that we are permitting Magazine. such conditions under our ·own flag, among ,our own citizens. Porto Rico Cuba did not ask to become a part of the United States. We took the island by EXTENSIVE public works have armed force. We must now see that its been initiated involving the ex- people have a chance to become healthy, penditure of more than one hundred strong, constructive, happy citizens. million dollars of public funds. A Porto Rico is indeed one of the most magnificent new highway, extending beautiful spots in the world. It has through the island for more than 800 one of the most wonderful climates mile.s, is now in process of construc- …… No citizen of the United States tion and will probably be completed in who ventures out on the sea in boats 1933. A new capitol building has re- should fail to spend a few weeks in cently been erected at an expenditure Porto Rico. At the same time, no one of approximately sixteen million dol- should come expecting to find it perlars. Cuba is a land of great natural fect. The per capita wealth in Porto resources, under-populated, ideally lo- Rico is only $182, as compared to $1,- cated, and its future prosperity should 123 in the United States. To those not be without a reasonable solution. who have a little imagination this fact As in all such instances, this is a time will reveal a lot.-C. Manly Morton, in when unselfish leadership is being The Christian Century. tested.-Annual Report Presbyterian Board of National Missions. Government Schools in Mexico Porto Rico Seeks Tourists ONE of the characteristics of the present movement in Mexico is PORTO RICO SERVICE, INC., has that of the spread of education. The been organized. Its .purpose is to Department of the Federal Governso advertise Porto Rico as to attract

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ment has been establishing rural to accommodate the increasing popuschools in every state of the Republic. lation at home. Japan's principal food Besides, every state and town is doing supply will certainly run short, if her something to establish and support population should continue to increase schools for the benefit of the children and her surplus popUlation should not of the country. There is at present be afforded an exit. an army of 35,000 teachers engaged in the educatiQn of the youth in Certain members of the Population Mexico. There are more than 1,400,- and Foodstuff Research Committee in 000 children enrolled in all the schools, Tokyo have been advocating the diverwhich shows the largest number ever sion of unemployed at home to South receiving an education in Mexico. America and the South Seas. But emigration without subsequent finan- The present administration headed cial aid has brought about difficulties by President Ortiz Rubio has in- in South America. The South Seas creased the approprIation for the declare that they are at present un- Department of Education and the de- able to receive Japanese unemployed. partment in charge of this important Litemry Digest. branch of the government is busy distributing that money in new schools, A Japanese Pastor's Library estabJi.shed wherever they are most needed.-Andres Osuna, in The Mis- WE VISITED one day a little stasionary Voice. tion which was opened years ago at Kashiwakubo, some two hours dis- JAPAN-KOREA tant from Tokyo. Nowhere else in the world have I seen such constant Growth of Tokyo beauty of landscape as greets one here. On every side were hills covered I N THE five years between the great with fine trees vi dense foliage; here earthquake and fire in Tokyo, of and there was a rushing mountain September, 1923, and December, 1928, stream and mile after mile, as we the population of Tokyo grew seven travelled along a winding road, now hundred thousand to a total of 2,218,- dipping into valleys, now going by 400. In this vast city there are 115 tunnel straight through the heart of churches, of which about twenty-five some mountain, there was no lessenare parishes and missions of the Nip- ing of the grandeur of nature on every pon Sei Kokwai. Of the other two side. faiths recognized by Japan as being principal religions of the empire, The neat little church of Kashi- Shintoism has 232 shrines, and Bud- wakubo stands on a bluff commanding dhism has 1,082 great temples.-Spirit a view f'Or miles over the country side of Missions. and directly in front, perhaps twenty- five miles distant, towers Fuji itself. Japan Growing a Million a Year Surely the pastor here must have con- -stant inspiration for his task. He and ONE million new Japanese every a number 'Of his congregation were year have mouths to be fed, and assembled to greet us and we had a need shelter and clothing. Japan has very pleasant time with them, drinka population about half that of the ing tea which had been prepared from United States, concentrated in an area the leaves of the tea tree in the pasabout the size of Texas. How the tor's own garden. resources of the country are to meet this problem is an ever-recurring puz- A glance at the library of this paszle to Japanese officials and scientific tor was revealing. This was a small authorities. rural church, yet here, as everywhere we went, we found well-trained college Just now this question is more acute graduates taking up the task of the because, as long as the business de- ministry. These are some of the pression continues, there is no room books which we found in his library: 5

Harnack: What Is Christianity? boards grant annually about 1,900,000 McGiffert: Prote'stant Thought Be- yen, and the native churches con- fore Kant. tribute about 1,300,000 yen. There are E. C. Moore: Protestant Thought 3,300 church buildings, and 3,800 Since Kant. other places where Christian services H. R. Mackintosh: The Originality are held. The total member,ship is of the Christian Message. 108,000 and adherents estimated at James Moffat: The Theology of the about 220,000. Of Sunday-schools Gospels. there are 4,000, with 15,000 teachers, W. R. lnge: Christian Mysticism. and 185,000 pupils attending. In edu- T. R. Glover: Jesus ,of History. cation there are 400 sch'Ools for boys, P. T. Forsyth: Positive Preaching with 1,000 teachers and 30,000 pupils; and the Modern Mind. 170 for girls, with 580 teachers, and James Denney: Jesus and the Gos- 14,000 pupils; and about 200 mixed pel. primary schools with 500 teachers and James Orr: Revelation and Inspira- 9,000 pupils. Of kindergartens there tion. are 170, with 330 teachers, and about Otto: The Idea of the Holy. 7,000 children. There are also 22 hos- This was not an isolated instance pitals and 25 dispensaries, and 68 as we found similarly well-stocked li- medical missionaries in service. braries elsewhere in small rural fields. It is a matter of deep encouragement Korean Christian Activities that the Church in Japan possesses the spirit of independence and that there I N ANY summary, mention should is also a highly trained, thoughtful, be made of ,several special institureading ministry. Possibly the second tions. The missions conduct three fact is partly accountable for the first. leper colonies with about 880 inmates With these two elements in the situa- in each; there are two Union Christion, we have cause for real confidence tian Colleges and three Theological in the future of the Church of Christ Seminaries; a Christian Literature in Japan.~Dr. F. M. Potter, in Chris- Society that publishes nearly 80,000,- tian lntelligencer. 000 pages per year; a Bible House that has put in circulation copies of Ohristian Progress in Korea the Scriptures during the eighteen years of its existence; a Y. M. C. A., I T WAS not until 1885 that organ- that in addition to its city student and ized and de5nite eff,orts were made rural work, has an industrial departto establish the Christian Church in ment which has printing presses that Korea. That year saw the coming of now do most of the work that was representatives of both the Presby- formerly sent to Yokohama before the terian and the Methodist Churches 1923 earthquake; a Sunday-School and marks the real beginning of Prot- Association whose work covers all estant work. The progress made dur- Korea and yearly puts into circulation ing these intervening forty-five years a great volume of its own special is most impres,sive, as will be seen by books and publications; the Union following present-day figures. Christian Hospital at Pyeng-yang, and the world-famous Severance Union Of the total of 474 foreign mission- Medical Oollege with its associated aries, 88 men and 77 women are en- hospital; and a Woman's College-the gaged in evangelistic work; 31 men only school of this grade in Korea. and 53 women in education; 33 men The Christian Church and its accomand 35 women in medical work; 10 panying activities are well established in miscellaneous lines (agriculture, in this land, and are functioning in etc.); and the balance of 147 are fitting way.s as can be seen from the wives, most of whom are active as- above condensed sketch.-Congrega- ,sistants in the whole program. tionalist.

For the work in hand the several

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

AFRICA schools in Kenya. Already thirty-three teachers have finished the supervis{)r Airships in Christian Serviee course and forty-seven more are under instruction at the Kenya school. Those A CHAIN of first-class airdromes has who have finished go out to the vil- been laid out across Africa from lages through the country, helping the Cape to Cairo. Dr. Robert P. both teachers and schools by giving Wilder, missionary secretary in the them the basic methods of teaching Near East, flew recently from Bushire and starting them on local projects inin Arabia to Cairo, 1,098 miles, in sev- cluding hygiene, sanitation, agriculenteen hours, saving in that way eight ture, home construction, school crafts days of land travel. The Australian and recreation. Inland Mission of the Presbyterian Church sends doctors and nurses by A return of these supervisors every air to isolated sick settlers, often year or two for several weeks of rebringing back patients to a base hos- newed instruction is a part of the pital. Mrs. Osborn says in The Pres- Jeanes system of training. byterian Magazine: "It is only four hours at the outside limit before help Madigas Revival can arrive for a sufferer. Instead of a terrible j'ourney from water-hole to I N THE Canadian Mission Revival, water-hole under blazing sun, the trav- as significant a phase as any is the eling is now done by doctors and movement of the Madigas to Christ nurses who are notified by radio. A in the northern fields, long counted properly equipped airplane ambulance unfruitful. This Madiga community takes the skilled as'sistant to the res- was the one most largely gathered in cue." The expenses of this service are by the great mass movements radiatlargely paid by a bequest of the Aus- ing from Ongole, and it ·still constitralian harvester manufacturer, Hugh tutes about ninety-five per cent of the Victor McKay. 93,768 church members in the A. B. Telugu Mission today. The rural Alongside 'Of this relief work is a Madiga movement has a persistent splendid system for sending religious element of weakness in the extreme and general literature to isolated set- poverty of those involved. But there tlers; and itinerant preachers now are great elements of strength as well. itinerate by airplane. So the old order The Gospel makes almost a clean changes giving us in anticipation a sweep of them as it moves through picture of the acceleration which is them in a region. They have staying coming in the witness to the Gospel in powers of the greatest value. Their alliands.-S. S. Times. humility in learning and their will- ingness, when lead, to make great sac- Ea,st Africa rifices for education, and progress are beyond praise. THE development of the Jeanes schools is the most {)utstanding in- The American Baptist Mission, toformation about this section of Africa. gether with the Anglican, Lutheran, The Jeanes system of supervisor London Congregational, Mennonite teachers, so effective in the improve- and Canadian Baptist Missions, have ment of rural Negro schools in Amer- shared in the steady expansion of this ica, offers the best suggestions for Madiga movement northward and conditions as they are found in Africa. westward. And now a new and mighty The Phelps Stokes Commission, after movement is sweeping them in by a study of education in East Africa hundreds in the extreme north of the in 1924, established five of these Telugu area. The significance is vast. Jeanes schools in carefully selected We know full well the ills of unshepareas of East and South Africa. The herded converts. Yet we cannot for- Carnegie Foundation, about four years bear expressing the opinion that the ago, established another of these danger of throttling a great move-

ment, and of making la,sting hostility NORTH AMERICA to the Kingdom by refusing baptisms because workers are lacking, seems Protestant Social Work far greater than the dangers from believers being unshepherded for a time. H W. HOPKIRK of the Child Wel- -Baptist Missionary Review. • fare League of America recently gathered statistic,s upon the number Restraint on Christian Inquirers of hospitals, homes and other institu- tions maintained by the Protestant AN EXAMPLE of the way in which churches, for the Federal Council of ft progress is sometimes discour- Churches. The following data are taken from his report: aged for lack of sufficient workers, comes in a letter to the Church Mis- Within the United States the Protsionary Society from the Rev. W. J. estant churches support more than 340 Payne, of Benin, West Africa. Some hospitals or sanitaria, 310 homes for Urhobos asked him to visit them and the aged and 400 institutions for chilto send them a teacher. At that time dren or child placing agencies. There there was no teacher available to send. is considerable variation in the extent When some months later Mr. Payne to which particular institutions give visited the place, he found that the preference for admission to individuals people had built a church, and the con- of their own communion. About onegregation numbered over fifty. They half the homes for the aged specify had provided themselves with a that they will take only, or give prefteacher, and subsequently this young erence to, applicants who are members man was formally appointed to take of the denomination sponsoring the charge of the church and school. home. But most Protestant church "When I paid them a second visit," hospitals and institutions for children writes Mr. Payne, "the number attend- do not have such a policy. Frequently ing church had nearly doubled, so that an institution for children draws a it is now necessary for them to en- majority of its population from familarge their church. The difficulty is lies of the communion supporting it, that so many want to learn for baptism but quite often, as is true of church that it is almost impossible for one hospitals, the majority of those under lad to teach them." And the narrative care are of other faiths. ends not with the words: "So I sent a second teacher," but: "So I had to ad- Of the organizations caring for chilvise him to reduce the number pre- dren, most are institutions for the. deparing for baptism." pendent and neglected, often known as orphanages, orphans' homes or chil- Sanitary Engineer for Liberia dren's homes. A few institutions and child placing agencies specialize in THROUGH the liberality of the the care of cripples, epileptics, chil- Board of Foreign Missions of the dren with behavior problems, or con- United Lutheran Church in America valescents. But for the most part the a sanitary engineer will be sent to service is not specialized. Probably Monrovia, Liberia, West Africa, to seventy per cent of the institutional combat the encroachment of yellow and child placing service under Protfever in that country. The Liberian estant church auspices is carried on Government will contribute $15,000 without the benefit,s of social case annually to the mission board's $7,500 work. toward a sanitary department. By special arrangement with the United Those institutions which add case States Department of State an engi- work to their programs usually find it neer will be sent out from the office of desirable to diversify their programs the Surgeon General of the U. S. Pub- so to allow a child to receive foster lic Health Service.-American Friend. home care or mother's aid if -such service seems desirable, thus reserv- ing the facilities of the institution for those in need of institutional care.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Hard Experiences in Alaska mail boat was just a scow and we I N JANUARY, 1929, Miss Helen were overcrowded. We certainly en- Lambert, the nurse at Allakaket, joyed our beds at the mission after Alaska, was severely burned through sleeping on the floor for a week."- the explosion of a can of gasoline. The Living Church.

Allakaket is -one of the most distant and isolated mission posts in Alaska. A University for Pacific Coast Coun- It is entirely without medical facili- tries T ties except those supplied by Miss HE University of California has embarked upon an enterprise of Lambert herself. The nearest hospital is the government railroad hospital at education that has no parallel, for the Nenana, more than 300 miles away. opportunity has never existed before.

Miss Lambert and her feUowworker, It is gathering its component institu- Miss Thompson, were finally carried to tions into a strong federation with Nenana by airplane. Bishop Rowe two clear purposes: first, to increase arranged for Miss Lambert to come to the highest degree its service 00 to the United States for treatment and American scholarship; second, to reach Miss Thompson was assigned to Ne- out to all those shores washed by the nana. waters of the Pacific Ocean. Its geo- This necessary arrangement, much graphical position, as well as the re- to Bishop Rowe's distress, left Alla- lationships that are naturally taking kaket uncared for. He finally a,sked form, will bring to it students from Miss Amy Hill, who put in three fruit- all Asia and much of South America.

ful years of work at Allakaket before Already the number of students her assignment to Anvik, to return to from Pacific lands is large, and there the former post in company with a new is now being built upon the campus at recruit, Miss Estelle Wilcox, a teacher. Berkeley an International House, made The uncertainties of Alaskan travel possible by the generosity of John D.

are well illustrated by Mj.ss Hill's ex- Rockefeller, Jr. A thing of beauty, perience. She left Anvik, about 500 Spanish in architecture and equipped miles west of Nulato, August 19, to to give comfortable and cheerful hous- make connections with a mail boat due ing to 331 men and 115 women, Inter- to go up the Koyukuk August 26. Ow- national House will speak the word ing to an accident to one of the river Welcome to the thousands 'of students steamers all schedules were disar- studying in the University. One ranged and Miss Hill found herself fourth of the residents in this house -obliged to wait at Nulato for two will be "Americans," and through this weeks. It is one of the most unat- fact the visiting students will be tractive spots on the Yukon with brought at mice into social contact and nothing but a very questionable road fellowship with our people.-Freeman house to accommodate passing travel- Tilden, in "World's Work."

ers. "Fortunately for me," say-s Miss Hill, "the Roman Catholic Mission at Churches in New York City A Nulato had accommodation for me, CCORDING' to the Industrial Bu- reau of the Merchants' As-sociaand so the stay was comfortable and sociable, as the missionaries there are tion of New York City there are 3,398 -so kind." While waiting at Nulato, churches and synagogues in the Met- Miss Hill was joined by Miss Wilcox. ropolitan district, tabulated as follows Speaking of the experiences of the according to denQmination: Roman trip from Nulato to Allakaket, Miss Catholic, 900 churches; Lutheran, 540; Hill says: "Our seven days' trip on Presbyterian, 473; Protestant Epis- that mail boat, with no accommoda- copal, 327; Methodist Episcopal, 300; tions whatever, was enough to initiate Reformed Church in America, 245; anyone. If you did nQt get sour dur- Congregational, 129; Baptist, 108; ing those days you never would. The Jewish synagogues, 102; Christian

Science, 101; Seventh Day Adventist, A number of years ago the Japa- 50; Methodist Protestant, 30; Re- nese churches formed a Japanese formed Church in the United States, Church Extension Board and entered 21; Unitarian, 20; Evangelical into an agreement that they would Church, 17; Moravian, 13; Evan- take enough reductioll in grants each gelical Synod of North America, 11; year so as to open a new field. This Universalist, 10; Church of Jesus last year the field at Santa Maria was Christ of Latter Day Saints, 1. opened and in the coming year a church will be started at Hayward, Studying Peace California.

T HE strife against war takes on a A report notes our ·service among serious form when-people will un- the Koreans thus: This is a small dergo sustained study and training for work. Nevertheless the few Koreans leadership in the cause. The Friends' are earnest and zealous. The Korean Service Commission invited all inter- Presbyterian church at Dinuba has ested people to attend a fortnight of just completed a new manse. The study at Haverford College, and the people secured all their funds and had school was organized for work, with them in the savings bank before conabundant time f.or critical discussion struction was started, except for grant and the comparison of different points and loan of $500 from the Board of of view. National Missions. – Presbyterian Magazine. Two forms of propaganda were specially developed. The one favored by Youth in Evidence in Toronto Conthe Friends and the United Brethren contemplates teams engaged in "ca1'- vention on Religious Education avaning." Each team consists of two young people who are provided with a I F 1905 was a convention of adults second-hand Ford car and $25 a week and a promoter of the Adult Bible with which to keep both the car and Class, then 1930 was pre-eminently a themselves in the field. On the other promoter of youth in religious educahand, the Methodist agency will oper- tion. During the entire week of the ate through another set of young convention two groups of adult youth people, each of whom will spend a leaders and young people themselves week in several summer schools, pro- were in session, and the last three moting the ·study and practice of days over 1,000 young people from pacifism in the church leaders among thirty-six states and provinces, repreyoung people. senting over thirty denominations, met in a great youth conference to The institute register numbered plan and promote the program of Renearly seventy, and they hailed frQm ligious Education as it referred to all parts of northeastern America. It youth. Probably this was one of the is safe to say that no one was disap- most significant features of the whole pointed. Whatever expectations might Toronto 1930 gathering and had no have been roused by the announcement counterpart in the 1905 meeting. The were more than realized in the experi- general meeting in which youth and ence which was achieved. – Christian adults gathered in the great audi- Century. torium was the first intimation to some delegates that so much had OrieDtals in AJ.Il.erica really been going on in the convention. – Congre gationalist. THE past year has been one of great development in Presbyterian work WESTERN ASIA among the Chinese in the United States. Every ·one of the Chinese Beirut College for WOlUen churches under the Board of National Missions shows a growth in member- ..t T LAST it has started! The Amership. t l ican Junior College for Women in Beirut, Syria, is no longer a dream,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

but a fact. Daughters of Christians members at once to Kariz, a town on and Moslems are embarking on this the border, where all automobiles goadventure and realizing what it means. ing to Herat must stop for some hours in the customs, and there open a tea- A Persian Saint house. He would form acquaintance with Afghans and give them Christian CAN you imagine yourself without books to take into their country. The arms or legs? Life would hardly Meshed Christians have fallen in with be worth living! But here is Dai the plan and sent a recent convert, Yoosef, who has lost both arms and himself an Afghan, to the border with both legs, and he is one of the hap- samovar, cups, dishes, sugar, tea, and piest men you can meet in a day's fifteen hundred books to see what he walk. I visited him in the hospital can do. after his second arm had been amputated, and he was all smiles and full Many free-minded Afghans who of joy; and not a word of murmur or have fled Afghanistan in the recent complaint. I had taken him a flower, troubles have settled in Meshed, near and for the moment I forgot he could the Afghan border. They are quite not take it. He looked up and, laugh- approachable, come to the mission ing heartily, said: "Sorry, Bishop, reading room, and show interest in but I'll have to trouble you to put it Christian teaching.-Sunday School in my buttonhole for me!" Times.

When I sympathized with him about Koran Translated into Turkish the loss oOf his arm, he smiled and said: "Surely God needed such a one ARABIC, being a sacred language, as me to show what He can do with ft the ecclesiastics have cried out a man who has neither arms nor legs, but who has learnt to praise Him for against their book appearing in any all His goodness and His love." Well, other tongue. But the Turkish gov- I had come to sympathize with him, ernment has in spite of this allowed but he sent me away rejoicing. I the pUblication of three separate could only thank God foOr the testi- translations. Fourteen thousand copies mony of Dai Yoosef. have been sold. Turks who formerly heard the sounding Arabic of the Surely the Lord had need of a man Koran without understanding anysuch as he is, utterly helpless, but thing of its meaning imagined it full of joy and gladness, and always charged with tremendous and mystic able to find something for which to meanings. That impression melts praise the Lord. When you are down away when the Koran is read in the in the dumps, follow Dai Yoosef's ex- vernacular. It is sometimes enough ample, and look for something for to place a Koran and a Testament in which to praise God !-Bishop J. H. the hands of a reader and leave him Linton, in C. M. S. Gleaner. to draw his own conclusions.

A Persian Christian Siege of Afghan- It is said that Kemal Pasha ip dis- gust threw the book across the room istan into a corner. Yet in the Sudan the primary textbook in all the govern- APERSIAN Christian teacher who ment schools is the Koran, and Islam has the evangelization of Afghan- is gaining ground constantly in the istan much on his heart, received per- Anglo – Egyptian Sudan. – Sunday mission to enter the country as a ped- School Times. dler. He spent a month at Herat, the chief city in northwest Afghanistan, EUROPE and came back full of enthusiasm over the possibility of Persian Christians Theologues in Gerlllany Are Increasgoing to Herat as tradesmen and artisans and quietly preaching the ing Gospel there. He urged the church in Meshed, Persia, to send one of its AN INCREASE of theological stu- f t dents in Germany is indicated by the fact that 4,678 students there are

following theological studies; 229 of to 6 per cent and the hotels have rethese being women. This represents duced the rates in Paris under presan increase over last year of more sure from the official tourist bureau. than I,OOO-the highest figure for all time.-Christian Century. "Germany is poor and there are plenty of unemployed everywhere, London Congress of C. M. s. while the cost of living is high. Italy is not so badly off on the surface be- "THAT it is highly incumbent upon cause the people do not care to com- every Christian to endeavor to plain under the Mussolini regime. Spain cannot keep the value of the propagate the knowledge of the Gos- peseta up because she has no gold. pe! among the heathen." From this and other resolutions passed by thir- "England is in a bad way because teen clergy and eleven laymen in the the dole system has broken down un- Castle and Falcon Inn, Aldersgate, on der the Labor Administration."-New April 12, 1799, has grown up what we York Times. today recognize as the great and farreaching work of the Church Mission- A Turk on Turkey's Ignorance ary Society. The growth is a wonderful story of God's mercy, leading, WE ARE ignorant; our ignorance and power: His mercy in forgiving is great. The books issued in many mistakes and weaknesses, His a single day in a European country leading in that again and again the are equal in value to the books issued sure word has been revealed and fol- in ten years in our country. We have lowed, His power in that countless not one single scientific book on pedamen, women, and children have been gogy. Translations do not exceed led from darkness to follow the light twenty in number. In past years, of Christ. On September 22-25, the we used to call "learned" those Hodjas society is proposing to hold a Con- with Turbans! We understood their gress in London, when representatives ignorance and their value has defrom all over England, Wales, and creased to zero before our eyes. In Ireland will gather in London to hear those days chemistry and medicine from leaders overseas of the great were making g rea t progress in commitments and opportunities which Europe, whereas we were sleeping in are upon us, to hear also the call from our ignorance. We were happy, yet leaders at home to face this great day so ignorant! We believed that 'Our with renewed courage and with un- Sultans had the miraculous power of flinching determination.-Churck Mis- seventy saints, so much so that they sionary Outlook. could blind the eyes of a Czar in Mos- cow by pointing their fingers out in Economic Conditions in Europe that direction!

GEORGE HARRISON PHELPS, Science is in the west. It is in special commissioner of the De- Germany, France, England, Russia, partment of Labor in Washington, Italy and America. It is everywhere who visited France, England, Italy, in the west; it is nowhere in our Spain and Germany, said the economic country. What can we do in this and industrial conditions in Europe state ? We have entered into western were unfavorable everywhere except life. We want to walk together with in France, where he said he found the western nations. Our goal is good prosperity on every side. and worthy of encouragement. We must follow the west if we intend to "There are no unemployed in live as a nati'On in the world. There France," the commissioner said, "and is no other way. Why should we stand there is more gold there than in any and wait? We cannot walk on this country except the United States. The path by talking and by pride only! luxury tax has been reduced from 12 We have hardly the light of a firefly! We need the light of a sun!

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The west is open before us like an longer."-Extracts from letters from ocean of light. We can take as much Russia and Siberia, pubUshed by the as we like. Nobody is hindering us. National Lutheran Council.

But we cannot take this light merely by the show movements of a false ISLANDS acrobat! We must make real effort. Follow Up EvangelisDl Our ignorance is like the wall of _ AN EFFECTIVE plan of keeping in China. We must pull down. We must l. touch with discharged patients enter the world of light. – Kazim has been adopted by the Presbyterian Nami, in Uyanis (Turkish) Transla-' mission hospital at Dumaguete, in the tion Service of the School of Religion, Philippine Islands. A young man Pale on Pha/Bron" Greece. visits each former patient about three Continued Persecution in Russia or four times each year, leaving a tract and other religious literature, T IFE is very hard. We have no though sometimes the journey is 50 L clothing, no linen. Food is brought miles. The story is told that a patient of the hospital was given a New Testato us by kind people and thus we are ment which he studied, but, being unstill living. , . ,A short time ago many able to attend any religious services, people of our villages were taken to did not show any deep interest in the railroad station, quite a transport Christianity. However, he took his went off, but nobody knows where to Testament with him to his home back -that is a secret. It is said by many in the hills, where he organized a conthat Siberia or the Antarctic Sea may gregation; elders were elected and be the destination. From day to day regular worship was conducted" every we are waiting for our turn …. Yes- Sunday in this man's home. There terday my husband was arrested and was only one Testament in the little sent away. I am in despair,., .Just village and when a colporteur of the now I am sitting in my bare little American Bible Society, who had been room, in the corner is a heap of straw told by inhabitants of another town to covered with a piece of old sack cloth. go farther back into the hills where … ,My thoughts are always with my they were asking for this book, reached husband … ,what sort of a night is this village his stock was soon exhe to have? … Really, if we would hausted. not cling to our belief that God will turn all these things into wholesome fruit of justi1ication, we would have Rural Y. M. C. A. in Ha.waii to despair or go mad as so many now Y do ….. M. C. A. first honors for rural May God, the dear Father in • work anywhere in America went heaven, take pity on us and deliver to Kauai, in the Hawaiian Islands, us. We hoped from day to day that under the direction of the capable sec- the door of our pris'on would Open at retary, Mr. Andrew Gross. The work last, but in vain. It is a dreadful is conducted largely through the pub- state not to be safe for a moment. lic schools and churches of the Island This horrible, nerve-shattering state and includes boys' clubs, Bible study makes life a torture. And all this classes, devotional periods, basketball under the cover of freedom, equality, tournaments, hygiene talks, ,socials, brotherhood ….. entertainments, thrift meetings, and From a prison camp in Siberia: many other activities. An older boys'

"Many families are living here. They conference is held and a boys' camping die like flies. Ice is still in our bar- center has been purchased. Since it racks. We cannot sleep, we are sur- is always ,summer in Hawaii the place rounded by vermin." Perhaps this is is used throughout the year. Boys the last letter that I will write. There from nine to twelve are cared for in is no hope of enduring it much "Friendly Indian" clubs, and the

group from twelve to fifteen in "Pio- several centuries before the Christian neer" clubs. Paralleling this program Era.

is the work of the Y. W. C. A. which Probably more battles, sieges, mas- reaches a large number of girls. sacres, and murders crowd the annals These two organizations are making of this town than those of any other a great contribution to the life of similar area throughout the world.

these present and future Americans. "It is my desire that the planning "Father and Son" banquets are held· and designing of the public buildings and, since most of the fathers are to be erected will be cunsidered with Orientals, the occasions are both in- the greatest deliberation and care so teresting and picture·sque. English that the new creation may be in every classes are conducted for this older way worthy of this ancient and beaugroup. The chief industry of Kauai tiful city," said George V, Emperor is sugar cane, and the Y work is car- of India, on Dec. 15, 1911, when he ried on in close touch with the planta- laid the foundation stone of the new tion programs. The lives of many city.-New York Times. hundreds of Japanese-American, Kor- ean-American and Filipino-American Henry Martyn School, Lahore are being influenced. THE recently 0 pen e d Christian Inventing Written Language school of Islamic Studies at Lahore, India, has been given the appropriate DR. FRANK C. LAUBACH in the name of the "Henry Martyn Schoo!." Philippines, is adding to his The mIssIOnary societies through many interesting achievements the whose initiation the project is due are invention of a written language. At the S. P. G., the C. M. S., the W. M. least he is now struggling to reduce M. S., the L. M. S., and the Methodist to writing a language hitherto only Episcopal Church of North America.

spoken or used in a very difficult Arabic script. Its nineteen sounds he Sam Higginbottom Decorated is seeking to reproduce with one sound As A recognition of his work the 1)or each letter, in order to facilitate King of England sometime ago the publishing of the Bible and other presented Mr. Sam Higginbottom with books needed in the education of the the Kaiser-in-Hind medal, one of the people of Mindanao. highest honors bestowed by the king upon residents of India. The medal If anyone thinks it is easy to do was given this American missionary what Dr. Laubach is attempting, we in recognition of the pioneer work he would suggest his trying it on some has done. He introduced better agrilanguage which he has heard but has cultural methods among the native never seen written in Romanist form.

INDIA farmers. As a result he has given India's New Capital them a few of the comforts of life, raised their standards of living from T HE new capital of India may not that of abject squalor to that of or- be as beautifully located amid dinary comforts and sanitation, and in lovely natural surroundings as Can- general contributed to the welfare of berra or Darul-Aman, the new capital the people. So well has he done his of Afghanistan, or as luxuriously built work that both Indian princes and as Washington, but it has a romance British government officials h a v e of antiquity which is perhaps denied sought his advice about the develop- to its competitors. The imperial city ment of the rural districts of India.

of Delhi, the Rome of Asia, with its His introduction of American agri- surrounding area of furty-five square cultural machinery is being watched miles of suburban territory, teems with interest by the whole Orient. If with relics of empires dating back to his experiment succeeds in India sim-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ilar experiments will be undertaken militant teaching and the full accept- in other places. – The Presbyterian ance of the doctrines of Jesus Christ. Advance. ….. From this grim religious obses- sion of soul-slavery (forced upon the India's Curse untouchables by the insistent social pressure of the caste system) only an T wo men of outcaste rank were antipodal creed, brought by men them- traveling on a train in India. It selves white hot with belief in the stopped at a station, they alighted, supreme efficacy of their own faith, bought cups of tea and drank them. could set the victim free. These mis- Suddenly pandemonium broke loose sionaries have done a job of humanizbecause they had dared drink from ing work, have aroused a volume of the same cup used by higher caste -outspoken gratitude and affection, travelers. Finally the two men were h a v e developed a propagandizing forced to buy the cups. Then, heap- power, not without potentiality in fuing indignity upon indignity, the ture India." guard on the train said "Aha, you have cups in your possession. You "Until" Meetings must pay me four rupees to make it worth while not to take you up for B ISHOP B. T. BADLEY writes in this." A lawyer of low caste origin the Indian Witness: was also refused tea at a station, but "Until Meetings" are being held in because of his position finally secured villages of the Bombay area, under the drink. He got his tea, but all the the leadership of Indian men, where people of his caste in the entire dis- the people come together to pray and trict were for a long time boycotted wait "until" they receive the power in the shops. Gandhi does well to em- from on high, of which our Lord spoke phasize the curse of untouchability.- to His disciples. There is neither fad Missionary Herald. nor fanaticism-just a waiting be- fore God and a claiming of His prom- Miss Mayo on India Missionaries ise, the "promise of the Father" anil the pledge of Christ. "ONE of the two active influences which have affected the status Will the Moslems of India Remain of the untouchables (in India) was, LoyaU and is, the reclamation work of the Christian missionaries …… It is now DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, author some sixty years since that work be- of a new book, "Across the World gan, and of the five million present- of Islam," is an authority on Mohamday Indian Christians a large majority medanism. In a recent interview he are untouchable in origin. The de- said: "India is the largest and most voted workers (missionaries) have important Moslem country in the plunged into mud waist deep and set world. Nearly seventy millions of its their shoulders to the burden of the vast population constitute a 'minority' slaves. The material result wherever of great power in the world of Islam. the-se people have dug in is cleanliness Indian Moslems exert a world-wide instead of squalor, health instead of influence through their Diaspora and rottenness, courage instead of cring- their press." The reader of Chapters ing, a percentage of literacy high I, II and XVI in Dr. Zwemer's book above that of the Hindu body and, will have the key to the actual situaeducation once received, a frequent tion. Dr. Julius Richter of the Uniwillingness to return to the village versity of Berlin writes: "There is and live for the less fortunate of the hardly anyone, even among the same blood. The fact may as well be Orientalists, with such a compre· faced that the decisive agent in affect- hensive and intimate knowledge of ing this metamorphosis has been the present-day Islam as Dr. Zwemer."

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Resurrection of Jesus Christ. By Wil- ditions. Religion of course begins liam Bancroft Hill, D.D. 160 pp. $1.25. with the individual; but it cannot end Revell. New York. there. It affects, and it is affected by, the conditions of his environment. Christians who remember St. Paul's Christ is for all life and all relations solemn statement that "if Christ hath of life-individual, family, community, not been raised, your faith is vain, ye national and international. A man are yet in your sins; then they also cannot be a true Christian in his prithat are fallen a81eep in Christ have vate life and a pagan as a neighbor perished," and who are perplexed by and a citizen. the frequent assertions that the doctrine of the resurrection has no his- The author of this handsome volume toric basis, eagerly welcome good is widely recognized as one of the books on this vital theme. The dis- leading exponents of the social applitinguished Professor Emeritus of cation of the Gospel. Called in 1893 Biblical Literature in Vassar College, from a Congregational pastorate in and member of the Board of Foreign Hartford, Connecticut, to the Chair of Missions of the Reformed Church in Social Economics in Chicago Theolog- America, here give·s us such a book. ical Seminary, he soon became an in- It is an able, scholarly, evangelical and fluential factor in the city's life. He reverent study of the basic fact of founded the Chicago Commons Social Christianity. He carefully evaluates Settlement, was its head resident for all the accounts of it in the Gospels over thirty years, and a leader in civic, and all the references to it in the social, industrial, interracial, educa- Epistles, and he concludes that the tional and religious movements amid evidence is impregnable. He believes the teeming multitudes and surging that the churches of today are not growth of that remarkable metropolis. availing themselves of an abundant This book tells the story of his probsource of power when they fail to lems, the struggles and achievements. give the resurrection a large place in It is a human document of rare intertheir faith and preaching. "The est, and a contribution of unique value Christian world is hoping and pray- to the literature of the subject. ing for a new day of Pentecost. Is it prepared to preach with full conviction Nature and Religion. By Charles H. Tynthe message of the first day-Jesus dall. 275 pp. $2. Revell. New York. and the resurrection?" No other book of our acquaintance more helpfully The author is a retired minister who discusses this momentous subject or has been a life-long student of science. more richly repays thoughtful perusal. He has written several scientific books and has lectured at many colleges and Pioneering on Social Frontiers. By Gra- chautauquas. In this volume he has ham Taylor. 457 pp. $4. University assembled many facts which modern of Chicago Press. Chicago. science has disclosed regarding the universe, the earth, the sea, minerals, One of the notable developments of plants and animals. He avoids techmodern Christianity is the activity of nical terms and presents his informathe churches in applying the principles tion in popular style. The material is of the Go.spel of Christ to social con- arranged for use a·s a handbook.

796

BOOKS WORTH READING

The religious bearing of the facts is book is well documented and has its indicated from the viewpoint of an value for those who desire to underevangelical believer, and each chapter stand the inner spirit of Indian Nais followed by questions for review. tionalism. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. It is a good book to put into the hands of young people. ImmortabiUty, an Old Man's Conclusions. By S. D. McConnell, 178 pp. $1.50. The Passion Play of Oberammergau. By Macmillan. New York. Janet H. M. Swift. 161 pp. $1.75. Revell. New York. An old man of 85 years, sitting quietly in the evening of life, realizing Visitors to Oberammergau this year that the end of earthly existence is were fortunate if they read this book near, and meditating deeply upon the before their arrival, for it gave them mystery of what lies beyond-this is information that they needed to have. the picture that this book suggests. People who did not go have doubtless The traditional arguments for uniheard so much about the Passion Play versal immortality do not satisfy him. in that famous village among the Ba- He thinks that they are post-biblical varian hills that they may well be and were influenced by conceptions of grateful for Mrs. Swift's account of man and the universe that modern it. She has written with full knowl- science has showed to be untenable. edge and fine sympathy. She describes He has "read scores of books on the the place and the people, the history subject and learned from them just of the play, the essentially religious nothing at all." He sees no adequate character of the performance, the de- ground in Scripture, science or reason votional spirit that characterizes it, for the current belief that all the huand the profound spiritual impression man beings that have been in the that it makes upon the beholder,s. It world from primitive savagery till is a book of deep and permanent inter- now are immortal simply by virtue of est. birth, and he presents many argu- ments and cites numerous Scripture India in Bondage, Her Right to Freedom passages in support of immortability and a Place Among the Great Nations. -by which he means immortality, not By Jabez T. Sunderland, M.A., D.D. as an inherent endowment of every 529 pp. $4. Copeland. New York. man but as a prize to be sought and achieved through Jesus Christ, and in This most interesting book, first no other way. He declares that "this published in India, was promptly sup- whole argument was set forth nineteen pressed there by the British Govern- centuries ago" by St. Paul in 1 Cor. ment. The author is an American and 15, and he marvels that "its plain has visited India twice. He gives the meaning has been persistently mis- Indian side of the problems relating read." Believers in conditional imto self-determination. In all of his mortality will find in this book strong conclusions he is violently anti-British, reenforcement. Others, who will not as the titles of some of the chapters concur in his positions, will respect indicate: e. g., British Arrogance and the sincerity of this venerable clergy- India's Humiliation; The Kind of man who has had a long and honored "Justice" Britain Gives India; India's ministry in the Protestant Episcopal Opium Curse; India's Drink Curse; Church and who writes as one who is Crushing Out the Genius of a Gifted soon to "cross over from the life that People; The Truth About the Amrit- now is to another." sar Massacre; The Great Farce- Britain's Claim That India Is Her Gott und die Voelker. By Dr. Martin "Sacred Trust"; The Great Delusion- Schlunk. 3.50 Marks. Furche Publi- Britain's Claim That She Is "Edu- cation House. Berlin. cating India for Self-Rule." These chapter headings indicate what the The author is one of the greatest reader may expect. Nevertheless, the authorities on Missions in present-day

Germany. Having long served the graphically narrates her experiences, cause in an executive capacity, he is the manners and customs of the prim- now Professor of Missions in the Uni- itive tribes, their .superstitions and versity of Tiibingen. He presents the dire spiritual needs, and the efforts Scripture teachings on Foreign Mis- that are being made to give them the sions in a most original way. The Gospel of Christ. Rear Admiral Sir material is divided over a period of H. H. Stileman, of the British Navy, twelve weeks of seven days each, so writes the preface, in which he says that the reader may have a section that "the world's store of missionary before him each day of the week and literature will be richer for this work make his own review on Sundays. The from Miss Stuart-Watt's pen, written main divisions are: God's Will to as it is with an intimate knowledge Send; God's Command; The Carrying of that fascinating and mysterious Out of This Command; The Result. portion of the Dark Continent."

The Scripture passage·s bearing on Indian Islam. By Murray T. Titus. 290 each point are stated first and are ac- pp. $4.50. Oxford University Press. companied by explanatory notes. The New York. author does not state a thesis which he tries to prove, but leaves the reader This is the latest volume in the to draw his own conclusions. It is notable series on the Religious Quest the most successful presentation of the Scripture teaching on Missions. of India which has won a high place in the literature of religious thought. C. T. BENZE. The author is a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church who has Mystik oder Versohnung, Dr. Karl Heim written out of an experience of nine- and Kokichi Kurosaki. Furche Publi- teen years in India, during which he cation House. Berlin. has made a profound study of Indian This book consists of two essays, life, philosophy and religions. In this the first by the well-known Tiibingen book his special subject is the history professor, and the other an interpre- of Mohammedanism in India. It tive autobiography of a famous Japa- shows thorough scholarship, clear nese Christian. Both essays are writ- thinking, and Christian spirit. He ten from the standpoint of mysticism. says that he wrote the book as a thesis Prof. Heim ends with the statement for the Kennedy School of Missions at that the secret of the whole matter Hartford, Connecticut, in requirement lies in reconciliation with God; that for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the end Foreign Missions means but it is a work of permanent value, not a compromise but war; and that giving a comprehensive and readable the Christian is a debtor both to the account of the history, beliefs and in- Jew and the Greek. Kurosaki reaches fluence of 70,000,000 people whose atthe same conclusion from the course titude must be taken into account by of his own Christian life. The essays anyone who would understand modern are a worth-while contribution to the India.

missionary cause, written from a modern viewpoint. C. T. BENZE. The Faith that Wins. By Roy Talmadge Africa's Dome of Mystery. By Eva Stuart- Brumbaugh. 125 pp. 75c. Bible In- stitute Colportage Assn. Chicago.

Watt, F.R.G.S. 214 pp. $4.50. Mar- This is a small but interesting and shall, Morgan and Scott. London. helpful book by the pastor of the Pres- This i·s a superbly illustrated de- byterian church at Coatesville, Pa. He scriptive history of the Wachagga discusses faith as walking, witnessing, people of Kilimanjaro, their evangeli- adventuring, overcoming, choosing, liv~ zation, and a girl's pioneer climb to ing, conquering, suffering, and he the crater of their 19,000 feet snow closes with a beautiful chapter on shrine. The author, who is a member Christ as "The Author and Perfecter of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, of Faith."

PERSONALS AND OBITUARY

PERSONALS MRS. KATHARINE M. B. FORD, widow of the Rev. Dr. George A. Ford, died (Concluded from page 721.) July 5, of heart disease in Syria, where she had long been engaged in missionary sence, beginning September first, to meet work. With Dr. Ford, honorable retire- ment was granted her by the Board of the request of the National Christian Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., in 1924, but they con- Council of India for his services as tech- tinued to live 'in the land of their adoption. Dr. Ford died two years ago. nical advisor in the rural social survey DR. ANNA S. *KUG*LER*, first American of the Christian mass movement. The woman medical missionary to India, and survey, which is financed by the Institute founder of the Lutheran hospital at Guntur, died recently at the age of 74. of Social and Religious Research, looks Dr. Kugler was a graduate of the Wom- en's Medical College of Philadelphia, and to an inquiry into the economic, social, has served for 47 years on the mission field. In 1904 she received the Kaiserand occupational status of the new Chris- i-Hind silver medal from the British Viceroy. tians, agricultural people living in small DR. JESSE LYM'"AN* HU*RLBUT, long one villages. MINNIE *V.* * of the best-known Sunday-school workers MISS SANDBERG, foreign in the world, died at Bloomfield, N. J., Aug. 3, at the age of 87. Dr. Hurlbut secretary of the Woman's Foreign Mis- first came into national prominence when he joined with Dr. John H. Vincent, and sion Society (Baptist), sailed from Van- one or two others to found the Chau- tauqua Assembly at Chautauqua, N. Y. couver August 7, for a visit to the mis- Two years ago a movement was started to build a Hurlbut Memorial Community sion fields. Miss Sandberg has served as Church at Chautauqua in honor of the veteran leader. For years Dr. Hurlbut a missionary in Japan, and carries with served as editor of the Sunday-school material of his denomination, and his her not only a practical knowledge of books, which were mainly simple re-tell- ings of biblical narratives for the use of missionary life on the field, but a keen study classes, sold in large quantities. His "Story of the Bible" is said still to insight into missionary problems as they be the most widely circulated children's book in its field in America. relate to the home base. During her ab- THE RIGHT REV*. S*IDN*EY CATLIN PARTsence Miss Helen L. Tufts, assistant for- RIDGE, D.D., Bishop of West Missouri eign secretary will be in charge of the since 1911 and for more than a quarter century a missionary in China and Jaforeign work. pan, died from a heart attack on June 22, in Kansas City, Missouri. * * .. THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., *** LL.D., F.R.G.S., internationally known THE REV. DAVID GOURLEY WYLIE, president of the Lord's Day Alliance and as "the modern apostle to the Moslem for more than a half-century a promi- nent Presbyterian leader, died suddenly World," will be inducted into the chair August 26, at the age 73. Dr. Wylie had been presiding at the twenty-first of Christian Missions and the History of annual General Bible Conference, held at Stony Brook, L. 1., of which he was Religion at Princeton Theological Semi- one of the founders.

nary on October 1. Dr. Zwemer spent NEW BOOKS over 30 years in Egypt and Arabia, has The Bible in My Everyday Life. Eugene written a score of books on Mohamme- Franklin Reese. 432 pp. $2.85. Sys- tem Bible Co. Chicago. danism, and is the editor of The Moslem Bhaskar and His Friends. Clara G. La- World and the founder of the American boree. 110 pp. 75c pa~er, $1 cloth. Friendship Press. New York. Christian Literature Society for Mos- A Century Of Anglo-Catholioism. Herbert lems. Leslie Stewart. 404 pp. $4.75. Ox- ford University Press. New York. RABINDRANATH* TA'"GO'R" E expects to ar- rive in the United States for his brief lecture tour during October. His tour will be entirely under the direction of the Service Committee of the Friends.

* THE REV. WILLIAM E. STRONG, D.D., Foreign Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Boston, reached the age limit for Board officers September first and became Secretary Emeritus. He has served the Board with marked wisdom and efficiency for 23 years.

*** THE REV. GEORGE DRACH, D.D., rounds out this year twenty-five years of service as Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Lutheran Church.

OBITUARY THE REV. JACOB SPEICHER, for thirtysix years a missionary in China for the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, died July 17, at Swatow, China, of typhoid fever. His widow and children are in Swatow.

Children of the Sea and Sun. Mabel Gar- "Aayl" Glimpses of Rosalie Harley. A. rett Wagner. 122 pp. 75c paper, $1 Donald Miller. 45 pp. 50c. Mission cloth. Friendship Press. New York. to Lepers. London. 1930.

Daily Bible Memory Verses. Gertrude African Horizons. John Cudahy. 159 pp. Wales. 52 pp. 75c. Revell. New $3. Duffield. New York. 1930. York. China's Crucillxion. Putnam Weale. 401 India in Bondage. Jabez T. Sunderland. pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. 529 pp. $4. Copeland. New York. 1930.

Pioneering on Social Frontiers. Graham Chapters in Church History. John W. Taylor. 457 pp. $4. University of Wayland. 154 pp. $1.50. Revell. Chicago Press. Chicago. New York. 1930.

The Passion Play of Oberammergau. Janet Death Valley. Bourke Lee. 210 pp. $4. H. M. Swift. 161 pp. $1.75. Revell. Macmillan. New York. 1930. New York. Gott und Die Voelker. Dr. Martin Shlunk. Porto Rican Neighbors. Charles W. St. M3.50. Furche Pub. House. Berlin. John. 98 pp. $1. Friendship Press. New York. ….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ….

The Star of India. Isabel Brown Rose. Are You Sick? 75c paper, $1 cloth. Friendship Press. New York. Are You Discouraged?

Sugar Is Sweet. Dorothy McConnell. 75c Are You Financially paper, $1 cloth. Friendship Press. Distressed? New York. YOU NEED West Indian Treasures. Winifred Hul- bert. 75c paper, $1 cloth. Friendship GOD and MAN Press. New York.

Africa's Dome of, Mystery. Eva Stuart- Watt. Ill. 214 pp. lOs. 6d. Marshall Mortan & Scott. London. 1930.

Annual Report-Board of Foreign Mis- sions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. 316 pp. New York. 1930.

ANNUITY A Devotional Manual for Daily Use AGREEMENTS By BLAIR SCOTT Are being issued in large numbers every year … It reveals to you the spiritual law of God• to former annuitants and new friends because ….under which the Master met and overcame The plan is simple all beliefs of the flesh and particularly those of SUPPLY AND HEALTH. It is easily understood (Pages 22,23.24) It has proven uniformly satisfactory For Bible References, recording God's available It is recognized as being financially sound SPIR'lTUAL SUPPL.Y, UNLIMITED SUPPLY AND CONTINUED SUPPLY. It avoids aU loss during hard times (Pages 121-13d It enables a person to make a gift to mis- For Bible References, bestowing Christ's HEAL- sions and at the same time guarantee ING POWER ON ALL WHO BELIEVE. themselves an income for life. (Pages III~1I3) For further in/ormation write: Whatever your problem-. W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of Home Mis- THIS BOOK sions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street. Philadelphia. Pa.• or By the Grandson of Walter Scott MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer. Board of For- Unveils your God.given heritage of Dominion eign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Fifth Avenue. New York. N. Y. Limp, Round Corners, $1.50 ORDER BLANK —-, SEND TO YOUR BOOKSELT ER, or FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY. 158 Fifth Avenue, New York.

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