The Missionary Review of the World — March 1921

XLIV NUMBER

THE MISSIONARY VIEW, MARCH, 1921 ABYSSINIA, THE MOST ANCIENT MONARCHY c. T. HOOPER TWO MISSIONARY EDUCATORS IN SYRIA BY ONE WHO KNEW THEM THE EDUCATION OF JAPANESE WOMEN A. K. REISCHAUER WHAT I SAW OF THE FAMINE IN CHINA w. R. LAMBUTH TWENTY YEARS' PROGRESS IN PORTO RICO PHILO W. DRURY MIDDLE AGE MISSIONARY METHODS MRS. E. C. CRONK $2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COpy MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN,NEW YORK 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK

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CONTENTS FOR MARCH, 1921 Page FRONTISPIECE •.. , .••…………. ; ……. A S'I'A'I'!l PROC!lSSION IN ABYSSINIA EDITORIAL COMMENT ……………………………………………… 175 AN IN'I'ERNA'I'IONAL MISSIONARY COMMI'I"I'EE INDIAN CHRIS'I'IANS ON INDIA's UNRIlS'I'

A CONJ!!lR!lNCE ON HOME MISSIONS PRO'I'ES'l'AN'I' WORK IN SAN'I'O DOMINGO UNI'I'ED CONFERENCIl oJ! WOMEN WHY HELp CHINA'S FAMINE SUJ!J!!lR!lRS THll NEEDS OJ! UNION C6LLllGIls ABYSSINIA, THE MOST ANCIENT MONARCHy ………….. C. T. HOOPIlR 185 A picture of the land and people of a little known nation of Africa, an ancient Christian church and a modern missionary effort. Ill!tStrated from photographs.

TWO MISSIONARY EDUCATORS IN SyRIA …….. ONE WHO KNI<;W THEM 193 The work and influence of Dr. Daniel Bliss and his son, Howard Bliss, two Presidents of the Syrian Protestant College in Beirut. Illustrated from photo- graphs, THE EDUCATION OF JAPANESE WOMEN …………. A. K. RIlISCHAUIlR 199 The remarkable progress in Japan as shown by the position of women an,d their desire for a modern education-a need in part supplied by the Woman's College of Tokyo.

WHAT I SAW OF THE FAMINE IN CHINA …….. BISHOP W. R. LAMBU'I'H 204 A vivid picture of the terrible conditions in North East China and ~he need for help from America.

TWENTY YEARS' PROGRESS IN PORTO RICO ………. PHlr.o W. DRURY 207 A striking statement as to the changes brought about in Porto Rico since American occupation-a transformation ~(!rought in physical, int'Cliectual and moral conditions.

NEGRO AMERICANS AND THEIR PROBLEMS …….. RODNIlY W. ROUNDY 214 A report of present conditions among' American N egraes, including their migratory movements, their attitude toward radicalism and their tleed far prac- tical education.

CHARLES M. ALEXANDER AND HIS WORK …….. HIlNRI£1'TA M. HYSLOP 219 An account of the world wide work af the singing evangelist and promoter of the PackeO Testament League. .

WRITING TO THE CHURCH AT HOME ……………….. A MISSIONARY 223 MIDDLE AGE MISSIONARY METHODS ……………… MRS E. C. CRONK 225 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …… EDI'I'ED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 231 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……………………………………….. 235 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ……………………………………….. 251 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, SO cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1920, by Missionary l{evlew Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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Robert E. Speer, President Frank L. Brown, Vice.President, Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary, Walter McDoug~l1, Treasurer Publication office, Cooperstown. N. Y. Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, 25c a copy $2.50 a year New York City• • Entered as second-class matter at the Postoffice Cooperstown, New York, under the Act of March 3, 1879.

Copyrighted. 1921 Editorial and Business Chat Make World THE "REVIEW" AND THE MISSION Fellowship BOARDS AT THJl I'ORlIGN ,MISSIONS CONFJlRlNca At the Garden City meeting of the For- Programs Interesting eign Missions Conference, January 18-20, a report was presented by the special com- THE ULTIMATE QUEST mittee representing the Conference on the by Katharine Gerwick Paper. $.60 Editorial Council of the "Review," and resolutions were proposed which, on recom- A book whieh discloses the superficialmendation of the Business Committee, ity of the so-called differences separatwere unanimously adopted by the Confer- ing the women of various races by showence. The Report expressed a deep sense of the value of the "Review" to the mis- ing that God is found in the common sionary cause, and it was recommended desires and aspirations of women's that the Boards take steps to cooperate hearts. References, rea din gsa n d more effectively to promote the circula- questions for discussion follow each tion of the "Review" and to help solve its financial problem. It was recommended chapter. also that the standing committee be continued, and a special committee of three be WOMEN WORKERS OF THE ORIENT appointed to consult with similar commit- by Margaret E. Burton Paper. $.35 tees from the Federation of "Voman's Boards of Foreign Missions, the Home A valuable text-book which will supply Missions Council and the Council oi Women for Home Missions to devise the best possible outlines for programs means by which the work of the "Re- and study classes. Chapter headings: view" can be strengthened, and to report 1. Work Within the Home; II. The their findings to the several Boards for Wage Earners; III. Broadening Horitheir action. This special committee was zens; IV. The Trail Breakers; V. appointed, consisting of Dr. A. W. Halsev, Women Working Together; VI. The Dr. W. 1. Chamberlain and Dr. Joseph C. Robbins. The regular standing commit- Call for Leaders. tee of the Conference to act on the Editorial Council of the "Review" was SHANGHAI SKETCHES appointed, consisting of Dr. A. W. Halsey, Secretary -of the Board of Foreign by Jane Shaw Ward $.30 Missions of the Presbyterian Church, (North); Mrs. Helen Barrett Mont- Informing descriptions of the Y. W. gomery, President of the Woman's American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, Rev. C. A. ' ork in china with study outlines. Enoch F. Bell, Associate Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners fer Merry- Go- Round-the- Orient Foreign Missions, Rev. Artley B. Parson, New Edition Assistant Secretary of the Foreign Department of the Domestic and Foreign Mis- Fun formulas for Oriental entertainments; sionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church and Rev. Mills J. Taylor, Asso- Games-Stunts-Banquets-Programs ciate Secretary of the United Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. PRECIOUS FLOWER AND THE FLIES by Helen W. Willcox Some very encouraging words of appreciation of the work the "Review" is A dramatization of the effects Western doing were spoken by members of the Conference who testified to the value of education is having upon Chinese villthe "Review" in stimulating missionaries on the field, in helping to secure recruits, age life. Paper, $.20. by giving pastors and other workers in the .urch at home the information they need THE MAGIC CARPET ~ to missionary facts, principals and by Helen W. Willcox methods; and in general by uniting the Church in its missionary task and present- A simple pastoral play of the Near ing the whole problems and progress of home and foreign missions. The Federa- East, bringing in the story of rug weavtion of woman's Boards of Foreign Missions appointed as its special committee ing and its influence upon the lives of Mrs. William Boyd, Miss Margaret Hodge and Mrs. E. C. Cronk. the people. Paper, $.20.

AT THE HOME: MISSION COUNCIl, A CAMEL TRIP TO CAIRO by Helen W. Willcox The joint meeting of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for A play dealing with a young Mohamme- dan girl's journey from her desert home Continued on p. 255 to Cairo, where she has her first glimpses of Western life and its ideals. Paper, $.20 AIR ROUTE TO BUENOS AIRES by Helen W. Willcox Delightful and interesting glimpses of life in South American countries through the eyes of girls who are taking the first air trip from New York to Buenos Aires. Paper, $.20 BUY A RELIGIOUS BOOK DURING RELIGIOUS BOOK WEEK MARCH 13–20.

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Editorial and Business Staff DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor HENRIETTA M. Hyswp, Assistant Editor REv. S. B. ROHOLD, F. R. G. S. MRS. E. C. CRONK Foreign Exchanges Editor of Best Methods MRS. WM. H. FARMER, Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin FWRENCE E. QUINLAN, Woman's Home Mission Billletin Important Announcements CORRESPONDENCE.-All correspondence relating to editorial and business matters should be sent to the MISSIONARY Revn;w PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

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The Case of Korea CHINA, the Mysterious and Marvelous Henry Chung, A. M., Ph. D. By Victor Murdock Member of the Korean Commission to America and Europe Editor, Journalist, Congressntan, Chair~ man Federal Trade Commission A strong. apparently unanswerable indict- Dr. A. W. Halsey: The author has little Use ment, telling of massacres, persecution of for one who fails to see good in the mission- Christians. indignities to missionaries. and ary. He has an eye always open for the exposing the' real character of Japan's alleged graphic and pictorial. Present dry condi- Hreforrns/' and the unrelenting "efficiency" tions-economic, social, political–are pre- with which the Island EruDire is acting to sented as though from an intellectual kodak. crush every. Korean as. iration for national A book for Americans to read." independence. llIustrated, net $2.50 Illustrated, $3.50 Chinese Heart Throbs Men and Methods that Win In the Foreign Fields With In'roduction by Mary Stone (Shih Mei Yu), M D. By J. R. Saunders, Th. D. By Jennie V. Hughes The resuIt of years of experience, (his own Miss Hughes displays a rare insight into and and others); of workers bearing uron the svmpathy with the people of the land of problems of Foreign Missions, the conditions Sinim. Her work is instinct with the true of non-Christian lands and the kind of mis- missionary spirit rendered eminently readable sionaries needed to accomplish the greatest by many touches of literary grace. results. The book is an examination of the imperative need of the foreign field. Illustrated, net $1.50 Net $1.00 A Star in the East Reminiscences of Daniel Bliss An Account of American Baptist Mis- sions to the Karens of Burma First President of the Syrian Protestant College, Syria Edward Norman Harris Edited and Supplemented by His Dr. Howard B. Grose says: "Have read this book with exceeding interest. It strikes me Eldest Son as ouite out of the usual order of missionary books. It is enlightening and unusually read- The story of his early days; his term of serv- able, clearly broad-spirited and with an intelice, as missionary of the American Board, in lectual grasp of conditions." the Lebanon; his more than sixty years of association with the famons l'eirnt institu- Net $t.75 tion) etc. A Moslem Seeker After God Illustrated, net $2.25 By Samuel M. Zwemer, F.R. G.S. The Dawn of a New Era in Syria A volume of intensely interesting data con- By Margaret McGilvary cerning the Iif~, infl ence and teaching of the great Persian mystic AI-Ghazali, one of the A deeply interesting account of what hap- very greatest figures in the Mohammedan pened in Syria during the past five years. world. A notable addition to literature on Not a mass of hearsay evidence. but authentic this subject. data vouched for by reliable and credible witnesses. This book possesses historical, mis- Illustrated, net $2.25 sionary and political significance of more. than ordinary value.

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A STATE PROCESSION IN ABYSSINIA-THE MOS'r ANCIEN11

A Prince is riding through the main street of the capital, Addis Abeba

~THE

EVIEW~ VOL. MARCH, 1921 NUMBER XIV THREE AN INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COMMITTEE A GAIN the .official representatives of th.e Protestant Foreign Missionary Boards of North America met in their annual three days' session at Garden City, Long Island, to discuss the progress and problems of mission work in non-Christian and Latin American countries. The Chairman was D,r. Stephen J. Corey, .Secretary of the F.oreign Christian Missionary Society, aId the Seeretary was Mr. Fennell P. Turner, Elxecutive Secretary of the Committee of Reference and Counsel.

One of the most important topics of discussion was the formation of a new "International Missionary C.ommittee," to take the place of the Edinburgh" Continuation Committee," and to be made up of representatives officially chosen by the various nationaf Prot- estant missionary organizations of North America, Great Britain, the European Continent and other countries. This plan is the outgrowth of the Conference of missionary leaders at Cranz, Switz- erland, last summer. The proposal is that the International Missionary Committee be established .on the basis that the only bodies entitled to determine missionary policy are the Inissionary societies and Boards, and the churche'S in the mission field; and that the Committee be constituted by the national missionary organizations in the different countrie'S entitled to send representatives. The sixtyeight representatives proposed for each country are divided as follows: North America Conference Switzerland Great Britain and Ireland Conference Norway Australasia Danish Missionary Council South Africa Missions Committee of Finland German Missions-au~schuss Belgium France Japan Continuation Committee Dutch Committee of Advice China Continuation Committee Swedish General Missionary Conference India National Missionary Council 175

Two out of the three representatives each from Japan, China and India 'Shall be natives of these countries.

The Committee will function internationally, and the members of the Committee will not take action as national groups, though they may be called together by the officers of the International Committee for purposes of consultation, if this should seem necessary.

The functions of the Committee shall be: (a) To stimulate investigation on missionary questions, to. enlist in the solution of these questions the best knowledge and experience to be found in all countries and to make the results available for all missionary societies and missions.

(b) To heip to co-ordinate the activities of the national missionary organizations of the different countries and of the societies they represent, and to bring about united action where necessary in missionary questions.

(c) Through common consultation to help to unite Christian public opinion in support of freedom of conscience and religion and of missionary liberty.

(d) To help to unite the Christian forces of the world in seeking justice in international and inter-racial relations, especially where politically weaker people are involved.

(e) To be responsible for the publication of the International Review of Missions .and such other publications as in the judgment of the Committee may contribute to the study of missionary questions.

(f) To call another world missionary conference if and when this should be desirable.

The Committee shall ordinarily meet every second year, but a special meeting of the Committee may be called or the regular meeting postponed if the Committee of Reference, after con'Sulting with the cooperating missionary organizations, are satisfied that this is desirable. The Committee shall appoint a Committee of Reference to act for it in the intervals between its meetings with the right to fill vacancies in it'S own membership. The annual budget and the conclusions of the Committee shall be reported to the national missionary organizations of the sending countries for their approval, and no independent action shall be taken or pronouncement made by the Co:m:mittee except in matters of urgency and only when the representatives Of the national missionary organizations are confident that the action or pronouncement will commend itself to the organizations they represent.

The national missionary organizations are asked to approve of the following as a special committee to make preparations for the first meeting of the International Committee and to act until that committee has met (some time in the present year in North America): Rev. C. C. B. Bardsley. Rev. Bishop Hennig, D. D.

Rev. J. L. Barton, D. D. Rev. Frank Mason North, D. D.

Pasteur D. Couve. Rev. J. H. Ritson, D. D. Dr. Karl Fries Rev. Principal Gandier, D. D. Rev. Paul de Schweinitz, D. D. Dr. Robert E. Speer Zendingsdirektor J. W. Gunning, D. D. Rt. Rev. Dr. Talbot.

Mr. F. H. Hawkins

EDITORIAL COMMENT

with the Chairman, Secretaries and Acting Treasurer named in the following paragraph. -! _ The conference also recommended the appointment of Dr. John R. Mott as Chairman and Mr. J. H. Oldham as Secretary of the International Committee, the Rev. A. L. Warnshuis, D. D. as Asso- ciate Secretary and Mr. James M. Speers as Acting Treasurer.

The' Emergency Committee of Cooperating Missions will con- tinue its present functiorrs until the above plan has received the general appr-oval of the national missionary organizations in the different countries.- The national missionary organizations are asked to approve of entrusting the following tasks to the International Missionary Committee = ea) Further consideration of present restriction on missionary work with a view to taking such steps in cooperation with the national missionary organ- izations in the countries concerned as may lead to their removal or allevia- tion.

eb) The thorough study of the present position of Christian education throughout the world in view of the rapid extension of state systems of edu- cation as set forth i'n the statement, "The Missionary Situation after the War." (c) Consideration of the steps necessary to bring about international cooperation in the provision of adequate Christian literature for the mis- sion fields.

(d) A study of other problems involved in the relations of missionaries to political questions as outlined in the staterrient, "The Missionary Situation aft- er the War."

ee) A study of the attitude and policy of the missionary movement in relation to the growth of industrialism in Asia and other mission fields, and the social problems arising therefrom.

CONFERENCE ON HOME MISSIONS N OONE) who attends the Conference of the Home Mission'S Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions can fail to realize the immense importance, variety and scope of the task before the Church of Christ in evangelizing and Christianizing those who live under the" Stars and Stripes." At these Conferences the great needs and the weighty problems are discussed; facts ar.e presented and solutions proposed. There are not only the problems of such frontiers as Alaska, the mining and lumber camps, southern mountaineers, migrant workers and rural communities; but there are the problems of evangelizing and educating the 12,- 000,000 and more Negroes, the 135,,000 Indians (over 40,000 of them untouched) and 1,500,000 Spanish speaking peoples, the 3,000,000 Jews, the Chinese, Japanese and Hindus and millions of other immigrants from Europe, who are ignorant and need the preaching of the Gospel, Christian instruction and general upbuilding.

The importance and difficulties of these tasks can 'Scarcely be ovp,r estimated. If they are not undertaken adequately and promptly, the Christian civilization of America is threatened, as well as

America's influence in the world. The task is much too great for anyone denomination to complete. All must work together.

Cooperative study and action with a view to solving these pro~ lems characterizes the work of the Home Missions Council. Com- mittees, representing.various Boards, are formed to s,tudy various phases of the question, and their reports are the main features of the annual Conferences, in which men and women hold joint and separate sessions. Recommendations are made which are referred to the constituent Boards for their action.

The Council meetings this year were held in New York, Janu- ary 12 to 14, Dr. Charles L. Thompson and Mrs. F. S. Bennett pre- siding. One address' was given by Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick, who spoke on "Home Missions for the New Day," and urged that the Church of Jesus Christ has an international viewpoint and an eco- nomic message; that it must help in a larger way to handle the Chris- tianization of the multitudes now coming to America from other lands. We should renew our emphasis on the old truth that human nature can be transformed by Jesus Christ, that folks can be con- verted. This is the reason for home mission activity.

Dr. Walter Laidlaw, Secretary of the New York City Federa- tion of Churches, gave an address on "The Present Status of Re- ligious Bodies in America," in which he compared the government religious survey of 1916 with the census made in 1906, showing that , unless religion is more widely diffused among the people of our great cities there is little hope for the future of the nation. In the lower East Side of New York City, there were more Protestant church members in 1916 than in 1906, but there are now more Jewish synagogues in this section than there are Protestant churches on the whole of Manhattan Island.

Among the items of interest brought up at the Council meet- ings are the following: Reports were made and appeals were voiced in behalf of the Negro, who is moving away from the drudgery of southern rural life, and is seeking a place in the northern states.

Attention was called to the thousands of immigrants who return to Europe after living in the United States without learning to speak an in- telligible sentence in English, This raises the question of our responsibility for the people dwelling in America, and yet never becoming one with us.

Prayer, Bible study, stewardship, personal community work and pub- licity for evangelism are back of the "Porto Rico for Christ" Movement.

The largest single action in mission work for the year has been the formation of a United Mission Board for Santo Domingo.

Training schools for rural ministers have proved a boon to country preachers.

Day-of-prayer programs for Women's Boards have been a great spiritual stimulus.

The work of winning young women to Home Mission service is progress- ing. The fourteen interdenominational schools of missions conducted in dif- ferent parts of the country under the united leadership of representatives of

EDITORIAL COMMENT

women's organizations of twenty-nine different denominations had a registration in 1920 ranging from 122 to 1,318.

Cooperation in training native leaders for Spanish-American work in the Southwest is essential if the results already achieved are to be conserved and increased.

The increased knowledge of rural sections given by the surveys challenges the Church anew to provide a ministry for vast unoccupied fields.

The American Negro, educated by the Church, is now asking the Church to help him realize the vision of democracy held up before him as he was emerging from ignorance.

Plans for better church buildings printed by the Council have been received with enthusiasm.

The allocation of Indian Missions to various denominations is resulting in better service.

Only the best trained missionary can serve effectively in Mormon fields. The overlapping of denominational work for Orientals on the Pacific Coast is to be deplored and should be corrected. 'the work done for farm and cannery emigrants revealed conditions unbelievable in a Christian country. The campaign of recruiting for the Home Mission force is opening the eyes of college men and women to real opportunity for life service in a field seldom before brought to their attention. The survey on the cities showed a wealth of material for guidance in adequately ministering "where cross the crowded ways of life."

The general committee of immigrant aid at Ellis Island is unifying and c;trengthening the religious work done for the newly-landed. A firm foundation for practical working together has come out of the year's experience of the Committee on New Americans.

Alaska still waits for the interest it needs of both the State and the Church plans are being perfected to divide responsibility in that vast peninsula.

The Home Missions Council is endeavoring through its publicity department to interpret the purpose and practice of great evangelical bodies in their effort to hasten the Christianization of the United States by the elimination of duplicated work, by providing a Christian ministry where there is none by means of allocating tasks and territory, by the standardization of common tasks, by the interchange ~f experience and plans, and by the building of a forward-looking program that is concerned more in results for the Kingdom of God on earth than in denominational aggrandizement." Denominational cooperation is growing and henceforth there will be a joint meeting of the Executive Committees of the two Councils of men and women twice a yea,r. There is a joint Administrative Committee, to which common interests are referred and which names the chairmen of joint Standing Committees. And a joint budget is also prepared for the joint work of the two Council's. Cooperation is to be sought with the Foreign Missions Conference and the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions in establishing a joint Bureau of Information and Publicity in the matter of legacies to missionary agencies.

UNITED CONFERENCES OF WOMEN T HE increasing spirit of cooperation among denominational mission Boards is evident in the conferences that bring together the various agencies which face similar tasks from different points of view. These conferences bring together workers to consider related problems, and to formulate interdependent plans and policies. The joint session of the Executive Committees of the Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America and the Council of Women for Home Mi.ssions, which met in New York in January, wa's the first time that these women's home and foreign agencies have been brought together. For many years, while some denominations have united their home and foreign mission work under one organization, there has been generally a distinct line of cleavage between the two spheres of service, so that the foreign mission task and mission work in the home 'land have had few points of contact. The January joint meeting, however, reviewed as a unit the recent achievements in unification of methods, discussed plans for increase in efficiency and planned the lines along which advance should be made.

The influence was evident of the United Day of Prayer for Missions, which was inaugurated in February, 1920, and which was observed again on Fehruary 18, 1921. There is need for a united policy in state and local women "s church and missionary federations, and in their relation to city federations or councils of churches; Other topics of vital interest and importance to the work of both the Home and Foreign Mission agencies pointed out the need for future joint sessions, and plans were laid for another similar meeting at an early date. Joint committees are now responsible for s()me phases of the work, and there will he joint sessions of the Executive Committees of these two organizations, representing woman's missionary work throughout the world.

INDIAN CHRISTIANS ON INDIA'S UNREST A T A time like the present when men's minds are excited and their passions are aroused by real or fancied wrongs and by ambition for power, it is profitahle to look to the foundations of our convictions, and to tone down our ambitions to meet the requirements ·of Christian ideals. The members of the National Missionary Council of India, Burma and Ceylon have recently sent out a statement that should have the effect of quieting and stabilizing the Christians of the Indian Empire. The princ'iples include (1) the oneness of humanity as the basis of society in God's plan; (2) the infinite value ()f each human soul as shown by the death of Christ for all; (3) the duty of each illdividual to serve his fellow-man; (4) equal justice for all in industrial.and political relationships-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

the employer and employee, the governors and the governed; (5) unity in national life secured by the hearty cooperation and good will of all, and the avoidance of oppression, violence, suspicion or intimidation; (6) the realization of international brotherhood and the elimination of self-aggrandizement and unfair competition, (7) the responsibility of the stronger and more favored to help the weaker and backward race,s without exploitation ·or injury; (8) the purpose of Christ to give more abundant life and liberty to all, so that each individual and nation may develop in usefulness socially, politically and spiritually. After a confession of failure to practice these principles, or to attain these ideals" the members of this Indian Christian Society make the following appeal: "We appeal for just and sane judgments, both of men and things. It is not just to judge a century by some of the months in it, a whole nation by certain of its members, or its whole history by a few of its pages. The history of every imperial power contains pages stained and disfigured; we do not pretend that the history of the British Empire is an exception to this rule. But the fact is beyond controversy that, now for a long time, it has been characterized by an ever growing tendency to grant to its component parts increasing measures of self-government. The Empire is becoming a Commonwealth of Nations, and those nations are learning to regard themselves as a family. The attention of the llritish people is now turned to India, and we believe that there is a general and sincere desire among them that India should have full self-government, as soon as possible. We urge all the inhabitants of this country, both foreigners and Indians, to accept with goodwill the recent changes in the system of Government, and to do all in their power to make the new conditions a successful stage in the progress toward that goal. Given mutual good-will on the part of both ra~es, and confidence in each other's intentions, the future will be bright with promise.

We call upon all men, in the name of God, to lay aside all race hatred, and class hatred, upon which it is impossible to build any solid structure, social or politicaL We utter a solemn warning against the desperate and false contention that the inequalities of the existing order can only be removed by violence and blood. The truth is that society cannot be reconstructed by breaking the elementary laws of God. We utter an equally solemn warning against the inclination, which is one of the evil legacies of war, to trust to force as the means of pro~ curing obedience and maintaining authority. The truth is that Society cannot be saved by force, apart from that reasonableness and equity in Government and Administration, which win the hearts of the people.

We beg all our fellow citizens to turn to God, Who created them to be brethren, and to seek from Him, who alone can give it, the power to love as brethren and in love to serve one another. By that power we can find the way out of our anxieties. In His light we shall see light.

This is advice which all of us would do well to heed-men be- come restless in proportion as they fail to have confidence in God. Self-seeking and violence decrease in proportion as we realize that all men are brothers whom Christ J esu·s came to save.

PROT'ESTANT WORK IN 8ANTO DOMINGO A LET'TER to Miss Nellie M. Whiffen, one of the few American missionaries in the Dominican Republic, has brought the fol- lowing statement of facts: The following churches are doing missionary work in the Do- minican Republic : Wesleyan Methodist of England, the Free Meth- odist of North America, the Moravian, the African Methodist and the United Brethren of Porto Rico.

The work of the Wesleyan Methodist Church is confined to the coast towns. Their services are conducted almost exclusively in English and their work .is among Negro Protestants who-either the present residents or their ancestors-have come to this country from nearby English-speaking islands or are descendants of a negro colony that came from the United States nearly one hundred years ago. At present, they haye but one foreign missionary, Rev. William Mears of Puerto Plata, services in most of their churches being conducted by local preachers. They have churches in Monte Cristi, Puerto Plata, Sanchez and Samana.

The Moravian Church has work in Santo Domingo City, San Pedro de Macoris and La Romana. Their services are also in English and their work is among English-speaking Negroes.

The African Methodist Church has work in Samana and Santo Domingo City. Their work is in English and for English negroes.

The United Brethren Church has sent workers from Porto Rico, who have missions in San Pedro de Macoris and La Romana. Their work is in Spanish and', I understand, is meeting with success. There is, also, in San Pedro de Macoris an independent Spanish mission, the pastor of which is a Porto Rican. ' . In Santo Domingo City, there is an Episcopal Church with services in English. In the capital city the only Protestant church having services in Spanish is the Adventist. They, also, have recently opened a mission in Moca.

The Free Methodist Church conducts work in Sanchez, and in the interior. It is a mission to the Dominicans and the services are in Spanish. There are now on the field ten American missionaries-two men and eight women; also an American teacher. Two missionaries, a man and wife, are on furlough and a new missionary, a woman, is expected in October of this year. Two Dominican workers, a man and wife, give full time to the work and are supported by the Missionary Board. Another man, native of Venezuela but since boyhood a resident of this country, assistant traffic manager of the Samana and Santiago Railroad, is one of our pastors and hopes, soon to give full time. Two other native pastors receive no salary. This church is conducting services regularly in the following towns: Santiago, San Francisco de Macoris, Sanchez, Pimentel, Palmar, EI Ranchito. There are also, groups of members but without regul;j,r pastors in Moca, La Ceiba, Alta Mira and La Fundacion. In Santiago, there are two mission buildings in which regular Sunday and week-night meetings are held; also, a week-night gospel service in another part of town. There are three Sunday-schools in different parts of town and on in the country.

In San Francisco de Macoris, there is a church building capable of seating three hundred persons, a hqme for the missionaries and pupils and a school building. Last year, a large building was also rented to furnish accommodation for the eighty-seven boarding pupils.

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In Sanchez, a new church building is nearing completion. The work has been largely evangelistic, but much attention has also been given to the school. Of the missionaries now on the field, three are nurses.

The Free Methodist Church has 211 members. Last year's report gives four hundred thirty as receiving religious instruction regularly and five thousand, seven hundred who receive instruction occasionally.

There is an independent movement called The Dominican Missionary Association. This is not a split from the Free Methodist church. It has churches in Moca arid Salcedo and several groups of converts throughout the country. .

The almost continuous revolutions for many years made mis- sionary work difficult; for months at a time traveling was impossible and the missionary could do little more than stay on the field.

Since the American occupation in 1916, the country is improv- ing in many ways. The education of children is now compulsory.

Better city and rural schools have been established and the system of education is constantly improviI!g.

The government is establishing hospitals for the poor. These are to be thoroughly equipped in charge of American dQctors and nurses with training schools for Dominican nurses.

Santiago, Puerto Plata, San Pedro de Macoris and La Romana are lighted by electricity; Santo Domingo City has an inferior service for the streets. Santiago and Puerto Plata have good water systems.

Good automobile roads are being put through the country. There is now a road from Monte Cristi passing through Santiago, Moca and La Vega. A road is being constructed from Santiago to Puerto Plata; and another from La Vega through Bonao to Santo Domingo City. There are two railroad lines; from Puerto Plata to Moca and from Moca to Sanchez. There are, also, short lines in the southern part of the island.

From the missionary's standpoint the great need is the gospel of Christ. All of the towns and many of the country places of the Northern District have been visited by Gospel workers. The greatest need is in the southern part of the island where with the exception of San Pedro de Macoris and La Romana the gospel is carried to the Dominicans only on occasional evan~elistic trips.

There is much that might be done to uplift the people by instruc- tion as to the evils of intoxicating drinks and tobacco, social vices, the necessity of hygiene in the home, the home care of little children and the sick. There is need of wholesome reading and diversion.

The government and the American Red Cross are planning to meet some of these needs. Of the English Negroes, there are probably seven hundred or eight hundred Protestant Christians and of the Dominicans about five hundred. The work is still difficult. But the stoning of buildings and workers that we so often experienced in earlier years is now rare. The bitter opposition a.nd persecution that

the first converts suffered is not so often met with now. In visiting in the homes, instead of being met with, "I do not wish to change my religion" we often hear, "I cannot become a convert because I cannot give up my vices" or "I cannot forgive as you do. "

Miss Whiffen who lives in Sanchez has been a missionary of the Free Methodist Church in the Dominican Republic since 1908. She states that the conditions there are not as black as they have been painted and that for at least thirty years Santo Domi~ican towns have been connected by telegraph. and for over twelve years there has been a public telephone system. In Santiago and other towns most well-to-do people have telephones in their homes and places of business. There has also been for many years cable connection with South America and New York. Methods of travel are everywhere not so primitive as represented since it is possible to journey by train from Puerto Plata on the South to Moca on the North in seven or eight hours, and automobile roads connect various points.

The 1917 census showed that fifty percent of the inhabitants were literate and since compulsory education was introduced the illiteracy has been steadily decreasing. The educational system is in ascending scale from primary grades in country districts, reaching the eighth grade in larger towns and to hig~ schcols in Santiago and Santo Domingo City. .

The actual conditions in the island-especially moral conditions -are deplorable, but they can be bettered only by the sympathetic help of Christians who recognize the good qualities of the people.

WHY HELP THE CHINESE FAMINE SUF.FERERS B ETWEEN fifteen and twenty millions of human fellow beings are in danger of dying of starvation in China. They are s,tarv- . ing, freezing and dying of disease, but millions of lives can be ,saved if we who have enough and to spare will respond immediately to their appeals for help. It is unthinkable that Christians will fail to respond. First, because our brothers and sisters, including little chil- dren, are .sta.rving and freezing. Second, because Jesus Christ, our Lord and Saviour, ·identified Himself with suffering humanity by feeding the hungry multitudes, by healing the "Sick and by declaring that if we have ministered to the least of these His brethren we have done it unto Him.

Third, our missionaries in China claim to be ministers of Christ and to manifest His love for humanity. If we fail in this extremity, how can we expect the Chinese to listen to and believe our message?

Fourth, sympathetic help at this time will be a wonderful means of revealing the love and spirit of Christ, and will open the hearts of the Chinese to receive the Bread of Life, which will save them from p,ven greater famine of soul.

LIDJ YASSU OF ABYSSINIA IN ROYAL

Abyssinia-The Most Ancient Monarchy BY C. T. HOOPER, PORT SAID, EGYPT Agent of the British and Foreign Missionary Society A BYSSINIA, the old Kingdom of Ethiopia., is, perhaps the most ancient monarchy in the world. It has a peculiar posi- tion in Africa beca.use of its marked physical characteristics. The stronghold of this revived power is a great highland region, roughly triangular in shape, between the Red Sea and the basin of the Nile-a country that has never been properly surveyed.

From an aeroplane Abyssinia would appear like a huge group of wrinkled knobs on a table-land at an elevation of 7,000 feet ·or more, from which peaks, topped with snow and rooted in rocky glens and gorges, rise in some cases to over twice that height. Though 185

volcanic energy appears to be no longer active, on the east side it has done much to shape the wildly-broken features, among which lava plains, crater lakes, hot springs, and other volcanic phenomena are still evident. In the wet season heavy rains sweep down the mountain sides and rush through the stupendous gorges, to be lost in the plains beyond. Differences of elevation naturally give Abyssinia a great range of temperature, and of variety in climate. The products of the country follow the same variation, ,so that in the lowlands are found the aloe, ebony wood, thomyacacias, etc., and higher ;up we have' grain fields and pasture lands: On these heights the full force of the African sun is. not felt, so that Africa's scourge (fever) is not found there. Indeed, but for mountain-sickness it would be one of the healthiest countries in the world. The cattle are exceedingly fine, the horses very beautiful, the mules stronglimbed. Birds of every size and color are seen, and there are many wild 'beasts of various kinds.

A century ago, what we now know as Abyssinia was 'Split up into Tigre on the north, Amhara in the center, Shoa on the south, and other communities (each more or less turbulently independent under their own princes) on the east. This state of things was ended by Theodore, who, about the middle of the century, succeeded in subjugating the rival Rases, and was recognized by other nations as monarch of Abyssinia. After Napier's succe'Ssful expedition to Magdala in 1868, Theodore committed suicide, and John, Ras of Tigre, was allowed to proclaim himself emperor. This prince warred successfully against his Egyptian neighbors, but in 1889 was killed by the Mahdi's dervi'Sh horde. His supremacy had never been admitted by Menelik. II, King of Shoa, who came forward as his successor, and mastered t4e anarchy into which the country had fallen. Menelik II, Emperor of Abyssinia, took the title of Negusa Negust-"King of Kings"-having successfully united the states of AbY'Ssinia. . This genial Shoan, coming down from the mountain fastness of Entotto, built his capital on the open ground, naming it "Addis Abeba~' "The New Flower" and, with an iron hand, crushed all his enemies. He built up his empire internally and externaJ.ly, calling his own ministers, and regulating the various departments of government like a European ,sovereign. A heavy calamity fell on the empire when the death of this monarch was announced in December, 1914: Menelik's grandchild, Lidj Yassu, became Negus, but in the autumn of 1916 when this king was absent from the capital on a visit to Harrar, in the south, a meeting was summoned, at which th.eArchbishop, Abuna Mattheos, and all the Abyssinian chiefs were :p.te~ent. The Abuna released the people and their chiefs from their SOIElnl.n oath of allegiance to Lidj Yassu, who was declared to be

ABYSSINIA-THE MOST ANCIENT MONARCHY

deprived of his inheritance, the throne of Ethiopia, and in his place Zowditu, the daughter of the late emperor, Menelik II, was elected Empress of Ethiopia. The reason for this transfer of the throne is said to be unfaithfulness to, and intrigue against, his country by Lidj Yassu, who was secretly supported by his father, Ras Mikael. The father and son together quickly organized open rebellion against the government. This was terminated in a big battle north of the capital, that re'sulted in the government's favor.

THE ABYSSINIAN CHURCH OF ST. GEORGE IN ADDIS ABEBA, THE CAPITAL The Church of Abyssinia claims high veneration for its antiquity. Tradition says that the earliest evangelist of Abyssinia was that treasur'er of Queen Candace whom Philip baptized on "the way that goeth down from Jerusalem unto Gaza." We are on surer ground when we come to the historical work of Frumentius and Adesius, twD wandering missionaries from Egypt, who reached Abyssinia in 330 A.. D. Within ten years of their arrival remarkable and wide-spread results had followed their preaching. The king himself had submitted to baptism; two-thirds of the heathen temples in his kingdom had been turned into Christian churches. In 340 A. D. that great father of the Eastern Church; Athanasius, who was then Patriarch of Alexandria, consecrated Frumentius as first Bishop of Abyssinia. From that time forward the Abyssinian Church has always called its chief bishop out of Egypt.

Thus it was not by force of arms, llor by treaty, but by con- 'viction, that the people of Ethiopia were led to adopt the Christian faith. This explains their tenacious hold of Christianity through so many centuries of darkness and superstition. Abyssinia claims the unique distinction .of b€ing the only Christian African kingdom.

Three hundred years later Mohammedanism swept over Arabia, Syria and Egypt. In the seventh and eighth centuries this new power surged round the Christian realm of Abyssinia, and 'Succes- sive caliphs made futile onslaughts upon its territory. They ut- terly failed to penetrate the recesses of Ethiopia proper, whose mountain fastnesses proved an asylum for a harassed Christian people. Thus, as Gibbon says, "Encompassed by the enemies of her religion, the Ethiopians slept for nearly a thousand years, forgetful of the world by whom they were forgotten."

In the latter half of the fifteenth century there arose the greatest curiosity to penetrate this mysterious Christian realm. The secret was solved by a Portuguese expedition led by the noble Marquis de Covilha. In 1487 he stood face to face with the Emperor of the Ethiopians, and obtained trading privileges for his nation. Soon Jesuit missionaries arrived in Portuguese ,ships. The Christians dif- fered from the We'Stern Church in doctrine, as well as in practice, but their cardinal heresy lay in deferring to the Patriarch of Alexandria rather than to the Pope of Rome. The Jesuits did their utmost to win Abyssinia to papal obedience. In 1603 a king succeeded to the throne who professed the Roman faith, but when the Jesuits at last essayed methods of persecution and coercion the people rebelled, and the king was compelled to abdicate in favor of his son, who, in 1633, banished Jesuits and Portuguese alike from his domains.

For two hundred years longer only two Europeans are known to have penetrated into the heart of the country. One was Bruce, the famous traveler, who reached Gondar, then the capital, in 1769, and his travels still give an authoritative account of the people and their customs. With the nineteenth century, scientific, political and religious missions from Europe began to reach Abyssinia. For over one hundred years the British and Foreign Bible Society has been working for Abyssinia, for within a few years of its foundation it succeeded in getting into friendly communication with the Abyssinian Church. They printed in Ethiopic first the Psalter (in 1815), then the four Gospels, and in 1830, the New Testament. Meanwhile the Church Missionary Society had designated two missionaries, oGobat and Kugler, to Abyssinia, and had despatched them to Egypt, to await an opportunity of traveling to their destination. With them went several thousand copies of the Ethiopic Scriptures, supplied by' the Bible Society. At Cairo, Gobat and his companion came acr.oss an Abyssinian and his servant slowly dying of disease and neglect.

1921J ABYSSINIA- THE MOST ANCIENT MONARCHY

In pity, the missionaries took these lllen to their own humble quar- ters, and nursed them back to health. The Abyssinian was an envoy from his chief, Ras Saba Gadis, to Muhammad Ali Pasha of Egypt, and was himself a governor of a district. He immediately wrote to his chief, telling how he had been befriended. In reply there came a cordial invitation to Messrs. Gobat and Kugler to visit Ras Saba Gadis in his own country. Throughout their journey from Massowah every attention and hOllOr was paid them. An escort of soldiers was 'provided with mules to ride, and transport for baggage, which included several camel loads of Scriptures. In February~ 1829, Go- bat ~w rites : "We found all our luggage safely in the best house of the place. The prince received us with open arms, and a3 long as he lived he was most kind to us."

There is no space to tell of Go- bat's labors, his journeys and his Scripture distribution. Instances are mentioned where persons gave all their property in order to pur- chase a New Testament. One man gave hilS two oxen for a copy of the Gospel; another gave four ox- en in exchange for the book.

The first complete version of the Scriptures in the Amharic vernac- ular language of Abyssinia was prepared at Cairo in 1809. The French Consul there was a scholar and a linguist, M. Asselin de Cher- ville, who became interested in the THE ARCHBISHOP OF THE ABYSSINIAN lcaenl. vgeudagteheofdeAS'blgynssi0nfiat, raaInnsdta'croung- CHURCH some book into the colloquial dialect to make it known among the learned of Europe. He decided upon the Bible as the best book for his purpose, and among the Abys- sinian pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem he dis·covered a sick old man, friendless and poor, who proved to be of the greatest possible assistance in the task. Abu Rumi (for that was his name) had w'andered as a merchant over Egypt, Armenia, Persia and India. He was a ma.ster of his own vernacular, as well as of other languages.

Out of gratitude to M. de Cherville, Abu Rumi engaged to do what no pecuniary reward would have induced him to undertake. Patient toil for ten years ace.omplished the laborious task of translating the whole Bible into the Amhari c vernacular. The British and Foreign Bible Society in London purchased the translation for £1275, and the

manuscript of nearly a thousand folio pages reached London in 1820. The Amharic Gospels were published in 1824; the New Testament followed in 1829; the Old Testament was then edited ap.d issued; and, in 1842, the first complete Amharic Bible was published by the Society.

In 1855 Prince Casai contrived to seat himself securely on the throne of Abyssinia, taking the title of Emperor Theodore II. The promise of his youth was darkened by habits of intoxication and cruelty; and a crisis came when Theodore laid violent hands on the British Consul, missionaries and envoy. After years of negotiations a British force under Sir Robert Napier landed, and marched to Magdala, which was stormed on Good Friday morning, 1868. The prisoners were relea:sed at the last moment, but Theodore died by his own hand.

Much of interest could be said regarding the inhabitants of Abyssinia, but we must content ourselves here with noting that they are a nation of warriors, shepherds and peasants; brave and unaooustomed to restraint; strong and enduring when at work; fierce and cruel when they take up the more congenial business of bloodshed. Slim in build, though tall, and chocolate-brown in color, the Abyssinian wears linen trousers coming half-way below the knee, and a shirt over which he throws a loose toga called a "shamma." Menelik set the fashion of wearing a wide-awake hat, which makes an incongruous contrast with the native costume. The dress of a woman is a folded wrapper that covers all the body. They are fond of necklaces, anklets, rings, charms, etc. Their hair is done up in elaborate plaits, which are greased by placing a pat of butter on the top of the head to melt in the sun. The effect can be imagined, which is seldom pleasing to the nose of a westerner, seeing that rancid butter plays a more active part in their toilet than soap. The man's proudest ornament is a curious crooked sword, which he wears on the right side, mounting his mule on the left side. Lances, daggers and spears are the native weapons, though latterly rifles and cartridges 'are fast becoming the commonest means of defense. The people eat raw meats, hot peppers, ,etc., and drink a kind of beer called "tedj," made from the honey of bees. They have religious prejudice against smoking, but use tobacco for snuffing and chewing.

What is being done to bring the Mes'Sage of Life to these people? In the Italian province of Eritrea in the north the Swedish Mission has a very active center at Asmara, with several outlying stations in that province. Here they have a healthy church and schools, together with medieal work and a printing press. During 1917 the Rev. J. Ivansson posted the following encouraging neW'S: "There is a promising religious movement in the interior of Abyssinia, especially among the Moslems, of whom ahout 10,000 have, during the last five or six years, received Christian baptism from the Abyssinian Church. The

ABYSSINIA-THE MOST ANCIENT MONARCHY

center of – the movement is in Sokota, in the Amhara country, where the apostle of the Christian Movement, the ex-sheikh Zaccaria, now called Noaye Kristos, a person of great influence, is established. Two of his disciples, also ex-sheikhs, Alaka Paulos of Tigre and Alaka Petros of Sokota, visited us last January, especially in order to acquire copies of the Holy Scriptures, and to consolidate their acquaintance with evangelical Christians. It is worth noting that this religious awakening is of an evangelical character. The first cause of the awakening appears to have been the study of the Holy Scriptures distributed by the British and Foreign Bible Society in Abyssinia. These new Christians, not being satisfied with the ancient form of the Coptic Church, are very desirous to study the Bible, and have organized from among themselves a numerous body of teachers, said to number about five hundred, with the object of teaching their youth to be able to read the Scriptures."

A member of this same mission obtained leave from Menelik to stay in Addis Abeba, where he died in 1919. Early in 1920 the mis- sion sent up three more workers to the capital. .

Dr. Lambie of the American United Presbyterian Mission, working on the upper reaches of the Nile, has also been invited to take up work in Abyssinia.

The British and Foreign Bible Society are pouring into the country a steady stream of Scriptures from three sides. The books are provided in IDthiopic, Amharic, Tigre, Tigrinya, Galla, Kunama, Harti and Ogaden. The Society now has its own depot in Addis Abeba. In 1914 the writer visited Abyssinia and obtained from the Archbishop of Abyssinia a written permission, bearing the gov- ernment seal of authority, to establish a Bible-depot in the capital for the distribution of the Holy Scriptures throughout the land. A central site has been purchased already, and a depot now exists and is doing good work. A recent journey of -over 900 miles from Kharlum into Abyssinia, by a colporteur of the Society, resulted in the sale of 23 Bibles, 106 Testaments, and 710 portions-a total of 839 copies, in six languages, and of the value of £30-11-1. The time occupied was 84' days, and the expenses incurred in traveling were £7-12-8. Apart from these agencies mentioned nothing whatever is being done to give the living Gospel of Christ to the people of this great country.

What is the true condition of the Abys:sinians ~ Of the missionary the Abyssinians ask: "Why do you come to us? We are Chris- tians. Pass on to the heathen and the Moslem." From their point of view this contention is just. But let us remember that they know nothing whatever of true Christian life. They are strangers to the saving power of Christianity. The whole Bible to them is much the same as the Old Testament is to the Jews. For centuries they have tried to live upon the rites and ceremonies of their church, without the sure light and guidance of God 's Word. While Ethiopia is timidly in touch with western civilization it is at the "Same time not far removed from savagery.

What should be done? We must not forget that, whatever op- position has been shown to the missionaries, the vantage ground of approach is great, in that the Abyssinians have nothing but welcome for the Bible which we cherish. Here, then, is the starting point for the worker. The two great crying needs of these people are easily seen. First, there must be a wider distribution of the Scriptures in the languages of the country. Secondly, Bible teachers are re- quired. But to seek to enter the country designated as a "mission- ary," or a "preacher," would, in all probability, close the door. However, to devoted men -and women, with a passion for souls, call- ing themselve"S "readers" or "teachers," and prepared to live humbly among the people, there would be a warm welcome, and a way for unfolding the Gospel message of Life in Jesus Christ.

Surely among these eight million people one sees a needy field for wise and tactful workers, prepared to stand clear of all eccles- iastical and political questions; refraining from active interference with the worship and the usage'S of the people, leaving God's jBook to' accomplish lits own mission-to win a nation for God. This great inland African kingdom, which has for so many centuries successfully checked the inroads of Islam into its own territory, may be the mighty, God-ordained power to break down the scourge of Islam in Ce.ntral Africa.

NUGGETS FROM RECENT ADDRESSES "We need today an efficient Church in which we are no longer satisfied with a Boanerges in the pulpit, a prima donna in the choir and a selfish millionaire in the pew." Rev. Joseph A. Vance, of Detroit.

"We need today something of the same spirit of adven- ture which the Pilgrim Fathers had. If they had put on the Mayflower the motto" Safety First," they 'would never have reached this country." -Bishop William Lawrence.

"The question confronting our country churches is whether ultimately the forty million of our American people who are engaged in agriculture-and there will never be less-are to live in a civilization that is wholly Christian or largely pagan. "-President Kenyon L. Butterfield.

"The Pilgrims founded a religious community with com- mercial principles, while the Dutch who came to New Amster- dam founded a commercial colony with religious principles." -Henry Van Dyke.

"The statesmanship that is needed' today is the states- manship of the Golden Rule. The Church is the only institu- tion that can furnish it. "-Rev. James T. Vance.

FIRST BUILDING OF THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF

The College Hall was the first erected on the campus. It contains the library, dormitories and class rooms for the three upper classes of the School of Arts _and Scicnces~ and the wireless telegraphy apparatus. There is now a "time ball" on it~ set by wireless messages from Paris.

Two Missionaries and. Educators in Syria A Brief Account of the Work of Daniel Bliss and His Son Howard Bliss in Syrian Protestant College The following sketch of two well known and honored educators in Christian missionary work is written by one who was in close touch with both father and son who can therefore write intelligently and sympathetically of them and theit" work.-EDITOR.

I N THE fifty years' work of Daniel Bliss, as President and Presi- dent-Emeritus of the Syrian Protestant College–now re-named the American University of Beirut-his seven years' work as missionary of the American Board was a logical, indi~pensable preparation. The College was begun as a missionary college; t has been carried ~m as a missionary college; the spirit of its trustees and faculty today guarantee that it will continue to be a missionary college. It is a child of the American Mission, and for many years the majority of the pupils received their early training in American and British mission schools. While welcoming students of other faiths- Moslems; Jews, Druzes-Dr. Bliss hoped that the majority might continue to consist of Christians-Protestant, Greek, Maronite and others. He lived to see this majority lessen and since his death the 193

majority has become a minority, hut the body of mission-trained· students still gives. the tone to the institution.

The birth of the College is thus described in the Reminiscences of Daniel Bliss (pp. 162, ff.) : "During the years 1861 and 1862 the Reven~nd Dr. William M. Thom30n and I frequently conversed on the subject of higher education for Syria and the Arabic-speaking peoples of the East. Experience had led the missionaries to regard with little favor the plan to educate men out of the country * * * It was manifest that missionary societies, depending mainly for their support on small contributions, given for the direct preaching of the Gospel and for teaching children enough to enable tehdeumcattoionrea*d*u*ndIetrstwanads insgeleyn, could not divert their funds for this higher from the * * first that funds to establish such an institution would have to be furnishedfrom America and England * It appeared evident that a Board of Trustees, legalized by some responsible government, w* a*s *n.ecessary to give confidence in an enterprise calling for large donations "At the meeting of the Mission on January 23,1862, Dr. Thomson brought up the subject and suggested that Mr. Bliss be the Principal. It was th~n vot¢ that Messrs. Thomson alintderaBrylisisnsbteituatiocnomtombiteteleoctaotedprienpaBreeirautm*in*ut*e in relation to the contemplated On; Monday, January 27, the committee in their report recommended the establishment of a literary institution of a high character, to be guided and guarded by the combined wisdom and experience of the Mission, and that this important project should be submitted to the Prudential saCnocmtimonitt*ee*o*f the American Board in Boston for their consideration and A correspondence with the Secretaries in Boston and others brought out the * * * following points: that it was most important that the .establishment of * * * the college should not jeopardize the training of a Christian ministry that as, owing to the demand of the country, the creation of a higher institu- tion was inevitable, it was essential that the first of the kind should be estab- lished by Protestants, not by Jesuits; that the pupils should be educated with reference to the business which they might propose to follow, as ministers of the gospel, lawyers, physicians, engineers, secretaries, interpreters, merchants, clerks, etc."

A bill to inoorporate the Syrian Protestant College and Robert College (Constantinople), introduced into the Assembly at Albany, was signed by Governor Seymour on May 14, 1864. The College was opened with a service of prayer on Decembtlr 3, 1866, and the next autumn the Medical School was launched. The keynote of the President's religious attitude was struck in hi.s speech made on December 7, 1871, at the laying of the corner-st0ne of the main building: "This College is for all conditions and classes of men without regard to color, nationality, race or religion. A man, white, black or yellow: Christian, Jew, Mohammedan or heathen, may enter and enjoy all the advantages of this institution for three, four or eight years; and go out believing in one God, in many Gods, or in no God. But it will be impossible for anyone to continue with us long without knowing what we believe to be the truth and our reasons for that belief."

The condition of the College at the time of his death in 1916 may be seen in a quotation from the Reminiscences (pp. 215-216) :

-DANIEL BLISS-FOR FIFTY YEARS PRESIDENT AND PRESIDENT-EMERITUS OF ·

SYRIAN PROTESTANT COLI.ECE AT BEIRUT 195

"During his thirty-six years in the active presidency, Dr. Daniel Bliss had seen the evolution of the College from a group of sixteen students, housed in a few rooms, to a body of six hundred and twenty-six men and boys, divided among five departments: Preparatory, Collegiate, Ctuotmorms e*rci*al*, Medical and Pharmaceutical; and taught by forty professors and The Campus * of forty acres spread, then as now, over the level top of a hill, and sloped down towards the sea * * The twelve buildings included the old College Hall with library, lecture rooms and dormitories; Assembly Hall, Medical Hall, ,laboratories, etc. The students came from all parts of Syria and Palestine, from the valleys of the Nile and the Euphrates, from Cyprus aBnrdaztihle*Is*le*s of Greece, from Asia ·Minor a nd Armenia, from Persia and from As President-Emeritus Dr. Bliss lived to see a considerable extension of the campus, the doubling of the number of buildings * * * the development of a Training School for Nurses, an increase in the student body to almost a thousand, and of the teaching and administrative force to about eighty."

So much for the objective side of the life of Daniel Blis~ The man behind the work is unconsciously revealed in his own "Remin- iscences" written in the peaceful years following his retirement from the active presidency. Here we see revealed that balance of quali- . ties that explains his power over faculty and students: gentleness and strength; sympathy and reserve; initiative and sillf-effacement; tact and authority; shrewdness and simplicity; ardor and prudence; zeal and patience; common sense and vision; wit and wisdom; this worldliness and other worldliness. He was ever a leader who cared nothing for leadership for its own sake. On his last visit to A.merica in his eighty-seventh year, a stranger, learning he was from Syria, exclaimed: "Then you can tell me something about the great Syrian Prot- estant College, founded by Dr. X." .

Dr. Bliss gave a brief sketch of the in'Stitution.

"But didn't you tell him that you were the chief founder 7"

a'Sked one of his sons.

"No, why should I ~ " he answered.

Daniel Bliss was a prophetic builder. His foundations were broad and firm enough to hear future superstructures. He never.

built anything that had to be pulled down. He never built anything that might hamper future construction. His choice of a campu'S is an illustration of his vision. He bought land, not for the small institution that was, but for the great university that was to be.

Daniel Bliss was a born educator. He knew the Oriental psy- chology. He remembered that Jesus Christ "Spake unto them in parables," and 'So s.pake as to illuminate and not to obscure the thoughts presented to his Oriental hearers. Beautiful illustrations of this method he has given us in that part of his Reminiscences de- voted to his Biblical instruction. "My title in the catalogue, he tells us, "is President, and Professor of Bible and Ethics. It would he more truthful though less classic to say, Professor of Story Telling. "

His preaching had that simplicity that seemed to ignore difficul-

TWO MISSIONARIES AND EDUCATORS

ties, alld 10! when the sermon was over imaginary difficulties had vanished. . With him the trees-and the underbrush I-never ob- scured the wood. His was the simplicity of the sea. In following him, you seemed to be stepping down a g'ently-shelving beach, into shallow water, and, before you knew it, you were launched into the unfath- omable ocean.

"Faith in God and faith in man"-these he tells us lay at the foundation of the College. He had both in abundance. Quaintly he remarks: "I cannot tell the philosophy of it, but trusting a boy makes him tru·stworthy. In those early days some one said to my wife, 'We cannot lie to Dr. Bliss because he trusts.us.' Possibly this may have been so."

The Reminiscences give illustrations of his original methods of discipline. His quiet influence and authority pervaded the campus. "I cannot keep order in my classes," onCB exclaimed an excitable teacher of French, "while Dr. Bliss just walks up and down the campus, to and from his business, and there is perfect order!" His power of reticence was ever his -strong asset, giving weight to his ,'fords 'when he deemed the time had come to speak. ' ,Never make yourself cheap" was a warning he often gave.

His choice of colleagues was justified by the results. "The College has always had," he writes, "and has now, a remarkable set of profes-sors and instructors, both foreign and native. With scarcely an exception they are very radical and very conservative; radical in proving all things, conservative in holding fast to that which is good." This conservatism was admirably illustrated in himself by his attitude towards the Syrian instructors. The program of the College at its inception fore-shadowed the ultimate turning over of the institution to full native control. Such was the radical step to which the College was committed. The wise conservatism of Daniel Bliss, combined with that of the majority of his colleagues, operated to postpone the carrying out of the program during his long pret-iidency. Steps involving more responsibility for the Syrian professors were taken during his lifetime, under his son '8 administration. Since the death of the latter the Syrian professors, have been admitted to the General Faculty. Similar conservatism will doubtless operate, slowly and wisely, in determining the date for taking the radical step of carrying out the full program.

The work of Daniel Bliss and the work of Howard Bliss, who succeeded his father in 1902 and who died in May, 1920, a veritable yictim of the war, were mutually complementary. Daniel Bliss was eminently the builder, Howard Bliss was the expansionist; and yet there was hardly an item in the program of the latter which had not been anticipated in the plans of the former. Moreover, it is interesting to note that the sudden numerical increase in the institution bE'gan three years before Howard Bliss succeeded to the presi-

dency. Fundamentally they were of the same stuff. Temperamentally they were very different. Where Daniel Bliss acted and kept silent, Howard Bliss was apt to act and explain. But by no means always. During the gripping years of the war, when a misplaced word inight result in disaster, the reticence of Howard Bliss extended even to members of his own household. But there is no doubt that his gift of self-revelation, exercised with a charm and frankness that disarmed the enemies of the College, saved the institution. His relations with the Turkish officials have been severely criticized. Policy donbtless' entered into these relations. But there was infinitely more than policy. As dear to him as the preservation of the institution was the opportunity to preach its aims and ideals to whomsoever could be made to listen, be he British, French, Turk or German. He talked religion, not religions, to that cold-hearted and cruel cynic and agnostic Azmi Bey, the Governor of Beirut, even as Paul talked religion to Agrippa. He looked far beyond the war, and passionately believed that its wounds could more quickly be healed if individuals of belligerent nations could remain on decent, human terms during the war.

Early in the year 1919, President Howard Bliss was summoned to Paris where he worked ardently in the interests of self-determination for Syria. At the request of President Wilson he preSented the claims of that beloved land of his birth before the "big ten." ;He. continued to speak for Syria in the United States, even up to the very day, February 29, when he was stricken with tuberculosis, which ended his earthly career on May 2nd.

Seldom has it fallen to the lot of a college president to watch. from hour to hour his own work carried on by his son. The ways of Howard Bliss were not always the ways of Daniel Bliss, but the father rested content in his faith in his son. The son consulted the father. As such times, and at such times only, the father counseled the son. Side by side they sat on the college platform. Together they walked in the commencement procession. Together they strolled over the campus and spoke of the trees and of the shrubs, of the graduates and of the students, of their mvn hopes and of their own fears. Together they galloped oyer the sand-dunes, or wound through the hoary olive-groves. Their souls were knit in a triple knot: the love of father and son" the love of their dear college, and the love of their Father in Heaven. Their memories will live closely entwined in the souls of their pupils, scattered over the five continents of this poor world for whose redemption they worked together.

Education of Japanese

BY REV. A. K. REI SCHAUER, TOKYO, JAPAN Executive Secretary of the Woman's Christian College of Japan O F THE many effects which the War has had on Japanese life none is, perhaps, more far reaching than that on education, and especially on the higher education of women. It is probably safe to say that the standard for the latter has been raj-sell by about two years. To appreciate this change one should keep in mind what the educational system was before the war.

First of all, there was the primary school system, with its course extending over a period of six years. The system was coeducational and boys and girls attended in practically equal numbers. Something like 98% of the children of school age were enrolled. The point we wish to make here is that the Japanese girl of the primary school age has had about as good a chance for an elementary education as her brother.

When it comes to secondary and higher education the situation was different. The paths of the boys and the gids diverged at the beginning of the secondary system. The boy entered the so-called Middle School, while the girl entered the Girls' High School, the very names indicating that the hoy was destined for a more prolonged training than the girl. The boy, after he finished his five years in a middle school could then enter the so-called Koto Gakko, a higher ;school with a three years' course and which pr.epared him for the regular university course three or four years in length in its under-graduate department and two or more years in its postgraduate work. Or, if the boy did not wish to pursue such a long course after leaving the middle school he could enter anyone of a variety of special higher schools with courses extending over three, four or five years. With the girl, the education ladder was much shorter after leaving the elementary school. As stated above, she entered the Girls' High School offering a four or five years' course, and when she had finis:k.ed this course she was expected, in ninetynine cases out of a hundred, to get married and perform the duties of a II good wife and wise mother," a,s the official phrase has it. There were, of course, the two higher NorIllal Schools maintained by the Government and a few private schools of the Juni{)r College grade which a few of the twenty thousand graduates from Girls' High Schools could enter, but there was not one single institution in all Japan which offered to the young w{)men anything like a real college education. Even the course in the High School was far from what we in America mean by a High School course. It was much inferior to the courses in the boys' Middle Schools, even though it was to bring 199

to a close the educational career of practically all the girls. And what made the situation still more unsatisfactory was the fact that in most cases people were quite satisfied with this difference in standards for boys and girls; and in many parts of the country the Girls' High School that offered a four years' course was more popular than one that gave a five years' course, for the certificate of graduation was the thing desired, rather than the education which it was supposed to represent. For a marriageable daughter (and in Japan all daughters are marriageable if you do not let them grow too old) a high school certificate was a social a~set, even though it did not represent very much intellectual training; -in fact, if it had represented very much "strength of mind" it would have been anything but a dra.wing card in the marriage market, for the average Japanese husband does not want in his wife an intellectual companion but only a woman who will make him comfortable and assure a succession to the family. A recent Japanese writer saYis on this point, "They (wives) are taught to be obedient to their- husbands when married, and to their sons when they come to have sons. In a word, they are taught all the virtues of a slave. While women are enjoined to sacrifice all for the sake of men, men on the other hand enjoy the privilege of playing the tyrant over women."

But we are living in a new world today, and on all hands there are signs that the women of Japan will no longer be content to accept meekly what their lordly brothers and hUBband,s dole out to them as inferiors. And this spirit of restlessness and this demand for more of the good things of life is making itself felt most definitely, perhaps, in the field of education. The great industrial development that Japan hajS had a:s a result of the other nations withdrawing from the markets of the Orient opened many new lines of activity for both men and women. Many fields formerly occupied exclusively by men invited women workers. But for women to enter some of these fields successfully it was necessary that they have more education, especially of a practical kind. This led a number of Girls' High Schools to open isupplementary courses of one and two years in length; and more and more girls availed themselves of these supplementary courses, not simply to obtain a certificate of graduation and so stand !l .better chance in the marriage market, but rather to get an education and so fit themselves to earn a living, and in many cases to buy, their freedom and be in a position to refuse to marry if they did not like tbe cboice that their parents had made for them.

A great deal ha.s been said during the past year about the "New Woman" and not everything that has been said has been altogether complimentary. In fact, some of our Japanese men have been greatly concerned about this new type of woman and about the future of the male sex if this sort of thing should develop much further. A real crisis, they felt, was threatening their time honored customs

THE EDUCATION OF JAPANESE WOMEN

and institutions, for this new type ·of woman would no longer be meek and blindly obey her lord and master. Even young men who have drunk deeply from the fountains of Anglo-American culture were very much worried as to how harmony can be maintained in the home when the wife has a mind of her own and refuses to take her husband's word as absolute law.

But in spite of these fears on the part of the dominant sex which i" seeing its position of authority threatened, the woman movement has gone on and gathered momentum as it advanced. Even the con- servative educational department recognizes the fact that Japan can not hold her place among the nations of the world unless her women have greater initiative and are qualified to do much of the work that thus far has been done by men alone. The military au- thorities also see the point, for in time of war when the men are in tlle trenches the women have to take the vacant places, and in modern life many such places can be filled only by people with a certain de- gree of education. It is therefore not BO strange that the Govern- ment hal' recently decided to advance the standard for woman's edu- cation by about two years. The Girls' High Schools are to have advanced courses added of two and three years in length. The regular advanced course is to be of a general nature, but it is to be paralleled by several special courses giving training for very specific types of work. No details have been announced, and from what we have heard it would seem that the authorities are not at all clear in their own minds as to just what they want. It is an unusual op- portunity for pioneers who know how to lead off with a constructive policy. Christian educators, with experience in higher education for . women in the West, ought to be able to make a real contribution at this point.

What is, perhaps, even more 'significant than this change at the upper end of the secondary -system of education is the recent deci- sion on the part of the Imperial Universities to admit women stud- ents. One or two of the private universities are also throwing open a few courses to women, and other colleges and universities may follow suit. When a few years ago the Government announced its new expansion program for higher education which called for the e-stablishment of some thirty odd new colleges and the enlargement of existing schools, entailing the expenditure of millions of yen, we were amazed to find that none of these schools were to benefit the young wornen of Japan.' It simply showed that when the program was worked out the authorities were still thinking in terms of pre- war standards as far a-s the women were concerned. This recent de- cision to admit women to the universities therefore indicates how sentiment has changed in th~se two or three years.

The above decision is a great advance but it is easy to over estimate its value. As a matter of fact, it is not going to offer very

great advantages to the women of Japan, for the simple reason that these universities are already overcrowded, and that the best of them can be entered only through a system of competitive examination which often saps the very life blood .of even the strongest young men, and so it will not be an easy matter for young women to succeed, who are usually handicapped by an inferior secondary education and also by many household cares and family burdens from which their lordly brothers are free during their student days.

But taken all in all the situation today repr~sents a marked change over what it was only a few years ago, and it offers a unique opportunity for any group of educators who can lead off with a definite program both in secondary and in higher education. The establishment of a first class college for women at this time is therefore a matter of momentous consequence, not only by rea.son of the young women such an institution will send forth into the various walks of life, but because such a college will have a tremendous influence on the whole system of college education for women which is now beginning to take definite shape. Japanese institutions tend to become fixed and rigid when once es,tablished. It is therefore all the more important that in this formative period of higher education for women the best ~tandards and ideal'S be' set before the educational authorities, and this is what Christians have now an opportunity to do.

The Woman's Christian College .of Japan, founded in 1918, represents an effort to meet this situation. The College ha.s made a splendid beginning. It has as it's President Dr. Inazo Nitobe, one of Japan'ls leading educators and authors. Dr. Nitobe is now a member of the Secretariat of the League of Nations, and during his absence the Dean, Miss Tetsu Yasui, is acting President. Miss Yasui is a woman of sterling Christian character and recognized as Japan's leading woman educator. The faculty strikes a high average. The 194 students on the College roll'S represent all parts .of the Japanese Empire. About 50% come from Government High Schools and' the remainder from Mission and other private High Schools. About sixty-five per cent are pr,ofessing Christians. These students are enrolled in one or other of the following five courses: General Cultural Course, English Language and Literature, Japanese Language and Literature, Social Service and Bu'Sines's. As soon as the College is housed in permanent and more adequate quarters courses in Science, Household Science, Music, etc., will be opened. A number of electives are offered in all the courses. It is interesting to note that the subjects in which the students delve most deeply are Sociology and Philosophy. One of our American teachers in the College writes on this point a.s follows: "Questions pertaining to the position, of woman and her relationship to the various fields of labor are of tremendous interest. Ever since the College was established, a

· 1921] THE EDUCATION OF JAPANESE WOMEN

club composed of students has met once a week to discuss the problems confronting the women of today. To prove the sincerity of their de"Sire to better social conditions quite a large number of the students have been teaching in the Vacation Bible School this summer, conducted on the college grounds for Isome 200 children of the neighborhood. The social service course has attracted considerable attention, and the Social Service Bureau recently established in connection with the Ministry of Horne Affairs in the Imperial Cabinet is giving two scholarships to students in this department.

'The life of the College is in rather sharp contrast with what one finds in the average Japanese school for girls. The atmosphere of liberty into which the students come as soon as they enter the campus is a con"Stant surprise to them and so different from anything they have ever experienced. Student self-government helps to give them this sense ,of freedom, and they seem astonished to find that both officers and teachers treat them as beings able to reason, and expect them to think for themselves.

Another characteristic of the college life i"S its ;spirit of friendship. There is nothing of that cold stiffness which one often finds in a Japanese school. Not ,only students but many of the visitors frequently remark upon this.

The College is now in the third yea,r of its history. Although it ha"S not yet sent forth any graduates into active life it has already made for itself a large place in the thought of the womanhood of Japan, for it symbolizes to them in a real way the longings and aspirations of thousands of girls who are facing life witll a very different outlook from that which their mothers had. The motto of the College, chosen by the students themselves, is "Service and Sacrifice." This, it maybe felt, i"S a motto which fittingly characterizes what woman's life in Japan has always been, so why not select something new? Q~ite true, the life of Japanese womanhood has been largely a life of service and self-sacrifice, but in most cases lived out of sheer necessity. The educated womanhood of the future pledges herself to a life of service and sacrifice in the interest of an ideal she chooses-not out of necessity but voluntarily; and between these two there is a vast difference. It is the difference between the old fatalistic spirit of Buddhism, which clings to the very language of Japan in the frequently used expression, "shigata ga nai," "it can't be helped," and the Christian's free choice: "Now we ,that are ,strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak, and not to please ourselves."

I Saw of the Famine In

BY BISHOP WALTER R. LAMBUTH Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South I HAVE recently returned from an extended visit to China, where I have seen with my own eyes the evidence'S of the terrible tmgedy in that land. The- four provinces in which the famine is most acute are Shantung, Chi-Ii, Shansi and Honan. There is a small famine area in Shensi. There are about a hundred thousand square miles where some fifteen million people are facing starvation. Thf' most sev-ere famine that has devastatEd China was, perhaps, that of 1877 and 1878, when eight million people perished from hunger, disease and cold. The area now involved is greater, and it is probable that more people will perish if relief is not promptly rendered.

The causes of the present famine are flood, drought and locusts. In some sections there have been four succeS'Sive droughts. Study of the physical geography of this area shows that the rain clouds pass from the sea, the rain being precipitated in the mountains near the sources of the Yellow River, and that the denudation of forests which has gone on for several hundred years has prevented rainfall in some districts while it has been the cause of floods in others resulting in great destruction of crops.

I recently traveled through Shantung and Chi-Ii by mule cart, horseback and on foot, and found conditions that almost baffle description. East and west of the Grand Canal lands were being sold for about one-third of their value and nearly all the animal'S had been sick, or killed for food. The people had pawned or sold their clothing for food in the face of the coming winter, since they would rather freeze than starve. The stuff that was being used for food would not last more than three or four week'S, and that consisted of nubbins of corn with fifteen or twenty grains to a nubbin. The millet was empty, a mere husk with no head. The people were eating ground corn cobs mixed with leave'S of elm, poplar or ash trees, and the little berry that grows on the ash tree. I found them eating thistles. A farmer whose wife was preparing this kind of a meal said: "I couldn't get my animals when I owned animals to eat the food I am putting into my own stomach"-; the consequences are, first, weakness, followed by dysentery-and ultimately death by starvation or disease.

In one village I met a woman of seventy-two whose husband and three sons had gone to beg. If they cannot get work or food by begging they will rob. In some of the villages it is now dangerous to travel. Robbery is increasing constantly.

204 Fuel, of course, is scarce. The people depend for firewood on brush and stubble. The stalks of the kaoliang and millet constitute their fuel. Not having had stalks for two years, they are tearing down their houses and burning them. In a few weeks these will be used up and then they face death from freezing as well as death from starvation.

Several organizations have been formed for famine relief in China. One is the International Famine Relief Association in Shang- hai, consisting ·of a mixed committee of Chinese and foreigners, foreign money going through the hands of the foreigners and Chinese money through Chinese hands. In Tsinan Fu there is a local organ- ization of missionaries and Chinese. In Tientsin there is the Inter- national Famine Relief Association and in Peking another Inter- national Famine Relief Association consisting of both foreigners and. Chinese, and the members of the Legations. There is also the Red Cross which is undertaking to build a road from Tehchow on the railroad from Pukow to Tientsin. Dr. F. F. Tucker of Tehchow is the local agent of the Red Cross. 'l'he road is sixty-seven miles long which they are building to Lingtsin on the Grand Canal and will employ 100,000 including wive,s and children, but that is only a frac- tion of the million and a half people in the six counties where the Tehchow missionaries are at work. About five hundred thousand dollars in gold has been sent by the Red Gross, and in addition some from Manila and other points in local currency, amounting to nearly a million silver dollars, but $100,000,000 are needed. .

The food suppJy at present comes largely from Manchuria.

Beans are being shipped to Chefoo on the coast of Shantung and by rail kaoliang and millet from Manchuria. The military governor of the Province of Shantung made it possible for free transporta- tion and that in a measure has been done in other sections.

The great need is for money. The workers in China could buy foodstuff, and could have it transported either by cart, muleback or on the railroads if the money is supplied. Five dollars will save a life. What is to be done must be done within the next two or three months; otherwise millions will perish. Men and women workers are also needed for these districts for distriliution of food and to care for the sick and diseased. The missionaries have had exper- ience in other famines, and they will make the wisest directors if they can be spared.

Remember the urgency of the need. There are at least 15,- 000,000 people face to face with starvation. If they are not suc- cored, they will perish. First there is starvation. I talked with three women who were sitting on a kang. They -showed the rav- ages of disease in their faces and tragedy was written in their eyes.

They were too weak to stand, for they had been living for weeks on leaves of trees and thistles and a thick chaff mixed with them.

There is also exposure to freezing. One thousand refugees died in a single night in Kalgan from cold. They had pawned or sold their clothing for food. I could not sleep on account of the groans of the men and women who were lying on the stone pavements of the city. They were digging holes in the ground and covering them- selves with anything they could get to protect themselves from the cold.

Then- there are the diseases that accompany famine. There ha'S been cholera and we are fearing typhus fever. The people have sold or killed their animals, and are not able to transport the 'Sick . to mission hospitals. Consequently our patients have dropped off thirty per cent during the last few weeros.

On account of the small amount of money available the workers have been obliged to adopt the policy of taking a certain number of villagers and carrying them through the year. The rest will die. If we keep them alive for two months and then let them starve we have not given adequate relief, so we have had to "Select a fe,w and carry them through until the end of the season.

The urgency, therefore, is very great. At a station near Tient- sin someone threw a sandwich out on to the track. Two women sprang forward and lllS they struggled for the sandwich, a guard who 'sat there ran and separated them in order that they might get off the track. A dog sprang in and ate the sandwich.

In the villages to the ea'St I found there were no babies under -one year of age. Children are being sold in Shanghai at a dollar apiece. "Rather than see our children starve," said one of the mothers, "we will throw them into the wells. " The American Consul told me that as a result the weUs have become ,so polluted in some sections, the wa,ter could not be used.

March will probably be the crucial month. There is no time to be lost, because these fifteen million people, if they do not have more food than they are getting now, will by March have become so weakened by lack of food that they will perish either fl'om starvation, disease or cold. In the last famine the people ate the cotton in their clothing to satisfy their hunger.

No time mUist be lost in meeting this dire need, and whatever funds can be secured should be cabled at once to one of the responsible committees at work. Money may be 'Sent either to the China Famine Fund, Bible House, New York, or to anyone of the Forejgn Mission Boards having work in China.

OLD RUM SHOP IN PORTO RICO CONVERTED INTO A PUBI.IC

Twenty Year~' Progress In Porto Rico BY PHILO W. DROURY Secretary of the Evangelical Union of Porto Rico F OUR centuries of Spanish sovereignty and two decades of American rule-briefly ,summarizes the history of Porto Rico. Here is a great contrast, not only- in time but in actual accomplishment. For four hundred years the civilization was essen- tially Latin, transplanted from southern Europe and unaffected by the liberalizing and energizing influences of the Reformation.

Hence Christianity had a mediaeval interpretation and the small minority which dOIninated was the recipient of all the privileges, while the people as a whole 'were kept in servitude and deprived of those opportunities that make for happiness and usefulness.

A new day dawned when General Nelson A. Miles, on July 25, 1898, landed his troops at Guanica and occupied the Island in the name of the United States of America. This step introduced a new civilization with new ideas, vitalized by the power of Christ. The life of the people wa'S broadened and a new future opened before ~m .

Materially, the splendid development is shown by the fact that the exports of 1919 were valued at $79,496,000 as contrasted with those of 1901, valued at $8,500,000.

In 1899 there were only 267 kilometers of constructed road; while in 1919 there were 1190.

207

Illiteracy, estimated in 1898 at 85%, has gradually decreased to 63%. The poorly equipped schools with all enrolment .of 21,000 in that year have been supplanted by American schools, and today $3,000,000 is spent on public instruction, 3000 teachers (all of whom but 148 are Porto Ricans) are employed, 160,794 pupils are enrolled in the public schools. However, the educational problem is far from being solved as the school population is 441,465. The Federal Government should render aid in this connection.

Morally and spiritually there have likewise been very tangible results. The evangelical churches have not labored in vain. The mere statement that there are 13,000 or more members in the churches and that the Sundlly-schools have an enrolment of at least 22,000 cannot in any way convey an adequate idea of what has been accomplished. Statistics cannot express moral and spiritual values.

The ideals persistently presented in the interpretation of Christianity have permeated life in all its different relations. Remarkable transformations have been wrought in the lives of many, who, like Lazarus, are indisputable witnesses of the power of Christ, and testify to His quickening power. Thousands of children have been nurtured under Christian influences, and Illlany of these now have their own homes, where Christ is enthroned. Young men who are today prominent in business and professional life have laid the foundation for their careers in the Sunday-schools and churches, and they gladly testify to the influence of Christ in their lives.

THE UNCONSCIOUS INFLUENCES There is no better tribute to the efficacy of the Gospel than the influences that it has wielded unconsciously. This is to be noted especially in the social realm in Porto Rico. Persons unidentified with the churches come under the spell of its ideals and unconsciously accept them in their own lives and contend for their supremacy. An illustration of this is seen in the prohibition campaign waged in 1917. According to a special act of Congress, Porto Rico was permitted to vote upon the question of prohibition. Prior to the American occupation total abstinence had never been advocated and very few people practised it. The evangelical missionaries contended for it from the very beginning of their labors, and in the course· of time it became known that Protestants were total abstainers. Propaganda was made both in pulpit and press through the years, and when the time came for the campaign the relatively small number of evangelical Christians was held responsible for it. When it was over they were recognized by both friends and enemies as the real factors in obtaining a majority of almost 40,000 in favor of prohibition. Their influence far exceeded their numerical strength. The good seed sown had multiplied a hundred fold.

The evangelical churches likewise championed a campaign for

1921J TWENTY YEARS' PROGRESS IN PORTO RICO

social purity at the time of the mobilization of American soldiers. In this they were ably seconded by the Y. M. C. A.. The results, manifested in the creation of higher ideals, were most gratifying. Social Purity Sunday is now observed annually in all Protestant churches.

The new attitude toward politics is naturally the outcome of the presentation of the principles of Christianity to the people of Porto Rico. Corruption has long been recognized as a great evil, and some leading legislators have made a very sincereefi'ort to correct this deficiency. Last year the legislature, desiring to do'

THE EVANGELICAL SEMINARY OF PORTO RICO IN WHICH SEVJ;N DJ;NOMINATIONS COOPERATE away with the unlawful trafficking in voting, ordered that at the time of registration each voter should be photographed and that a certificate similar to a passport should be issued with the voter's photograph, this to be presented at the time of voting. This naturally will obviate much trickery, aE will also an additional provision of the same law which requires a voter to vote if he is registered. '1'he object of the latter is to compel a man to vote without remuneration.

The work of the evangelical churches was begun· under the most humble circumstances, and while at the present time not many of the higher social class have been reached, yet the positive results of the Gospel evidenced both in individual and weial life have been such as to call for the admiration and support of some of the best a.nd most influential men of the Island. Men occupying prominent

; TYPICAL PROTESTANT SUNDAY SCHOOL IN THE RURAL DISTRICTS OF PORTO RICO positions-judges, lawyers, doctors, business men, and others-have expressed to me their observations wholly favorable as to our work. One of the justices of the Supreme Court of the Island, who affiliates with the evangelical forces while not identified with any church, has st{tted.that he 'Sees no other hope for the Island except in the ac- CElIlpance 'of evangelical Christianity. This same man, who daily gatners about him his children in his home to read to them from the Bible, has repeatedly urged the mothers of Latin America to read the New Testament to their children.

Not long ago t}le man referred to above, the Speaker.of the House of Representatives, and some prominent lawyers and doctors requested one -of our Porto Rican ministers in San Juan to organize a class for Bible study, as they desired to know more about this inspired book. The desire for better things is growing and a higher estimate is being placed upon moral and spiritual values.

CO- OPERATION AN IMPORTANT FACTOR While there has been a delimitation of territory practically from the beginning, cooperation in the activities of the evangelical churches did not begiIl until the organization of the Federation of the Evangelical Churches of Porto Rico in 1905. A good degree of cooperation here had been attained before the meeting of the Panama Congress in 1916, but the Regional Conference following the Congress and inspired by it, furthered it notably. At present seven denominations cooperate on Puerto Rico Evangelico, a semi~monthly

TWENTY YEARS' PROGRESS IN PORTO RICO

pUblication, with over 6000 subscribers. These same denominations maintain the Evangelical Seminary of p.orto Rico, a school for tIre preparation of workers, strategically located in Rio Piedras in front of the University of Porto Rico, where the students supplement UOnl/Oupa .roJ uUld paluTu()~t.Il/ na,, V '£mu~as al[l u~ J[.rOA .r~al[l has been worked out in which the Polytechnic Institute of Porto Rico and the Blanche Kellogg Institute have an important part. While these two institutions are maintained by the Presbyterian and Congregational Boards respectively, yet scholarships are furnished and students sent by other denominations, so that to all intents and purposes they are inter-denominational.

There has also been a splendid example of cooperation on the part of the Presbyterian and Methodist English churches in San Juan,- which united in 1916. Not onlty has this action resulted in economy, but likewise in efficiency. This is one of a few such churches which is entirely self-supporting.

Last July one of the most significant gatherings in the history of the work was held in the form of a summer conference of the evangelical workers of the Island. Almost 150 persons were present, and many more would have attended if it had been possible to accommodate them. It was a c()[llplex gathering. There were men and women, p.orto Ricans and Americans, representatives from 10 II- FlUMARY DF;FARTMF;NT IN A l'ORTO RICO SUNDAy S<;;liOOr,

denominations and religious organizations, gathered in the Polytechnic Institute for six days. It was one large family, all interested in the same things. No mention was made of denominations, and it is certain that many persons left the Conference without knowing the denominational affiliation of many others. No other one thing in the history of the evangelical work in Porto Rico has so effec- tively promoted the spirit of uni- ty. The growth of this spirit is full of assurance for the future.

Splendid hospitals have been erected at San Juan, Ponce, and Humacao, and these are render- ing a much needed service. Fore- most among these is the Presby- terian Hospital of San Juan. In addition to attending to thou- sands of patients annually, the service of greatest importance that this hospital renders is that of preparing nurses for other hospitals, especially for the mun- icipal hospitals.

In response to an appeal made ONE RESULT OF PROTESTANT WORK by the Insular Board of Health IN PORTO RICO for help in the erection of cot- tages for the new Tuberculosis Hon. Emile del Toro C!lebas. associate judge Sanitarium, the evangelical of Supreme Court of Porto Rico-a frequent speaker at evange1ical meetings churches of Porto Rico, through one of their committees, planned to raise the funds necessary for the building of one cottage, and as a result the entire amount asked for, $3000, was raised, and soon the cottage given by the evangelical Christians will stand as a monument to the spirit of service as exemplified by the .churches of Porto Rico.

In this young mission field it is very inspiring to see the native church grow into the con-sciousness of its task, to comprehend the mission of the church and to seek to do its part in Kingdom building. This fact evidences a nomnal development. For a number of years little progress was made in the direction of self-support. The poverty of many of the people in the churches, together with the conditions that prevail in the countries that have been under the sway of the Roman Catholic Church retarded progress, but during the paost few years, even in the midst of the severest economic conditions, the churches have increased their offerings, many of them as high as 30.and 40 and 50 per cent. Of the Porto Rican churches, the first to attain to fullself-lSupport was the Ba.pti!!t Church of Caguas,

on July first of this year. Before another year passes it is expected that a number of other churches will be enrolled in this honor list.

There is also the farther vision that reaches to the neighboring island of Santo Domingo, less than sixty mile'S to the west, and to which one worker has already been sent. Porto Rico recognizes Santo Domingo as her Samaria, and seeks to make effective the commission that Christ gave to His followers. In the larger program for the evangelization of Santo DQmingQ the churches of PortO' Rico will have a creditable part.

THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION IN SAN JUAN. PORTO RICO Washed on the north by the Atlantic Ocean and on the SQuth by the Caribbean Sea, with the Anglo-Saxon civilization to the north and the Latin American civilization to the west and SQuth, PortO' Rico, having part in both, .occupies a position of strategic importance and doubtless will be used of God to help in interpreting these two great civilizations to Qne another. There are 30,000 Porto Ricans in New York at this time. American colleges and universities are educating many PQrto Rican young men and women. As the ties that bind North and SQuth America together are being strengthened, may it not be that Porto Rico will be called to serve these two great continents ¥The Experiment Station at Mayaguez has been called to help along agricultural lines; educa.tionally the call will soon be heard; the spiritual call has already sounded. May God raise up from among us many who will be obedient to the Heavenly Vision and go forth to help usher in the KingdQm by preaching and living Christ in Porto Rico.

Americans and Their

BY REV. RODNEY W. ROUNDY, NEW YORK I T HAS become increasingly clear that America can not do without the Negro. He is one of America's greatest assets. He had come to the shores of Virginia even before the Pilgrims landed on the "bleak New England Coast." True Negroes constitute only eleven or twelve per cent of the present population of the nation as against nineteen per cent in Revolutionary War times, yet they now have the largest place they have ever had in American life since the Dutch Man of Warre came into Jamestown harbor and sold to the planters" twenty Negars, " three centuries ago.

Four hundred thousand Negroes were enlisted in the World War; 200,000 went across the seas; 5000 in two regiments were cited . for bravery and 200 members of "New York's Old. Fifteenth" re- ceived the Croix de Guerre. Other Negroes who stayed at home made evident their patriotism in no uncertain terms in all kinds of war drives and war-time cooperation.

During the war as never before industrial occupations were open to Negroes in such basic industries as shipbuilding, iron and steel, coal mining and similar lines. As soon as the present unemployment period is past doubtless many Negroes will be retained in the occu- pations where partial openings have been made. For the moslt part they have entered the unskilled and semi-skilled fields. In the north these were previously filled by foreign-born and immigrant labor. What will happen in the years to come with the large Negro popula- tion that has migrated to northern industrial centers when the tides of immigration flow into these centers raises questions of serious concern for all who are interested in race relations.

The large migration of Negroes from the southern rural di'S- tricts, the failure of crops, the progress of the boll weevil and the red pin worm and the low price of cotton have created a situation in the rural districts of the South which call for help from all sources that can give it. In many localities it requires only stimulation and guidance to enable many landless tenants to become independent land holding farmers, as the breaking up of the large plantations from the shifting from cotton and corn to diversified farming is forced upon those who have managed the landless tenant system of affairs.

The Mission Boards should face definitely the question whether or not their former policy of concentration on the development of Negro education and support of educational institutions 'Should now 214 be largely supplemented by a program to help the Negro m these critical hours of his industrial and agricultural needs.

Strides Imve been made in inter-racial cooperation between white and colored people not simply in some sections of the South but in widely distributed areas. The movement has dynamic and has radiated powerfully from 'Strategic centers. The best Christian talent of both races has been actively enlisted in meeting a great need growing out of the war and its aftermath. Mr. Will W. Alexander, Associate Director of the Y. M. C. A. Conunission ·on Inter-Racial Cooperation has written as follows of the success of the enterprise: "We have demonstrated that the work of the Inter-Racial Commission in the way of cooperation and conference between leaders in local communities is a most efficient way of improving race relations.

"There is in the minds of many churchmen the' idea that by furnishing a sufficient number of schools and missions for Negroes, this problem could be solved. That does not reach the most stubborn element of the problem. The most difficult factor in it is the prejudice and antagonism which exists in the minds of a certain type of white people, both in the North and South, to the Negro. This makes it a white man's problem and not aNegro problem.

"In some way or other, we must get over to our people that as white men in America, we have a great opportunity in taking the leadership in creating on the ·part of our white people a democratic and Christian attitude to men of other racial groups.

"If the white denominations of America could be interested in helping to create on the part of their constituency a Christian attitude to these other racial groups, they would be rendering the very greatest possible service to the situation. I doubt if any amount of mission work among Negroes can ever take the place of this fundamental work among white people. This is really the crux of the whole situation."

One of the men at the heart of the movement from its earliest stages has been Prof. Edwin Mims of Vanderbilt University. Let him tell the story of the beginnings and spirit of the movement: "A representative citizen or two from each of the southern states and three or four other men who have had large experience in managil).g' funds for Negro education were called into conference. Gradually other promincmt leaders have been added, until now there are representatives of every denomination, every profession, almost every shade of opinion. From the first these leaders have called into consultation the wisest Negro leaders, eight of whom now are members of the central committee. These men have brought to the meetings of the committee data from their localities and have helped formulate a program of action as an ideal towards which to work. Every one is a southerner whQ realized that tact, patience and courage would be needed. "The program on which they decided called first for justice in the courts and especially opposition to lynching under any circumstances; second, economic justice; third, adequate. educational facilities; fourth, improved living and sanitary conditions; fifth, recreational advantages; sixth, better traveling facilities; seventh, welcoming the returning colored soldiers. It was fully realized this program would not suit conservative and prejudiced southerners, but these leaders felt that it was thoroughly in line with the best southern

tradition, and that they had lack of them in their insistence on 'these funda- mental demands the spirit of the great southerners of past and present. More important than any item in this program, however, is the fundamental idea of the whole movement-that this delicate problem can be met only by con- ferences between those who are involved, conferences that shall not be called after an emergency has arisen, but that shall be held constantly and periodically. Everything depends on the two races coming together to a sympathetic re- lationship."

There are Negro Socialists, educated ones, just the same as there are descendants of the Puritans who are Socialists. There may easily have been Bolshevist propagandists who desired to enlist and stir up the Negroes, but Negro Bolshevists-real red ones-are as scarce as hen's teeth. The Negro does not wave the red flag of Bolshevism and anarchism. The Negro does not look to Russia for his ideals. He looks to the best of essential .Americanism and pa- tiently dares to pin his faith to the principles of the preamble and amendments of the Constitution.

From New York City there goes abroad The Messenger adver- tising itself as the only radical Negro magazine in .America. Measurably it live.s up to its title, with a considerable circulation in New York City and other Negro centers, especiaily in the North. It takes about the place which" The Masses" takes among white readers.. Marks of .originality are lacking even though the technique is good and the editing well done by educated Negroes. Withcharacteristic posing for leadership it is about as bitter against outstanding Negroe.s in the country, including DuBois, as against the capitalistic class and society in general. The Messenger is true to form in its bitterness toward the Church. It is an unfair, unrepresentative sheet, and its few advocates in different cities fail largely in their attempts when they fall afoul .of the Negro church leaders and the strongly maintained allegiance to Negro churches.

Two or three other Negro publications, like The Whip of Chicago, are to be classed with The Messenger, though less widely circulated and less ably edited. The Chicago Defender, a weekly widely read by Negroes in all parts of the country under the stimulus of an inflated war psychology, has revealed at times a bitterness somewhat out of harmony with its previous policy and with the general trend of Negro journalism..

At the same time three or four hundred Negro newspapers and magazines in the country-daily, weekly, monthly-go their steady way with their strong ideals of essential .Americanism always at the fore, albeit they speak more plainly than formerly of injustice and indignities suffered by the race. The rank and file as well as the leaders among Negroes have no use for The Messenger and all its works. .As one passes in review the temper of most Negro publications and takes into account the many provocations, he is amazed at the amount of self restraint.

NEGRO AMERICANS AND THEIR PROBLEMS

The average Negro is busy working, earning, spending, as Americans in general. Some of them are saving though it must be recognized that one of the chief econO'Dlic needs of the Negro of today is an intelligent method of saving and the development of sane avenues of investment. Easy money and the chance everywhere to do things and to have things as never before in all ages of his ancestry or at any time in his own life does not lead to the Negro's planning a revolution or to bomb throwing. How much out of keeping with these facts has been the bomb throwing in Chicago in- stigated not by Negroes but by white real estate agents and inter- ests. The Negro has no sympathy with the advocates of force or retaliation except in cases of most necessary self defense. He is not out to wreck civilization; rather with open handog he seeks it as the pearl of great price. The Negro has been and is misunderstood. He is not radical, not even clamoring for some special privileges. He simply wants things applied to him as they are applied to other Americans in general.

Marcus Garvey is a native of Jamaica coming to New York in 1914. With a background of a good education, with a Catholic upbringing but at pres'ent out of sympathy with any organized church, with experience of a newspaper man and of travel in Europe, especially London and England, his coming to New York in 1914 gave him the opportunity to immediately gather about him a large number of the West Indians resident in Harlem and elsewhere in New York City. With the gifts and genius of the Negro orator of the popular type his influence has gone beyond his first West Indian fonowers. Now he has a considerable following in all the larger centers of the country through membership in his Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League of the World of which he is President-General. He addresses largely attended meetings in a Negro tabernacle in the Harlem area. Weekly there go to his extended membership copies of The Negro World, the official organ of the Movement. During August a so-called "World Convention" was assembled in New York City. At that time a Constitution of Negro Liberty was supposedly written.

Fundamentally Ga.rvey plays upon the idea. of race consciousness now at the front among the colored people of America as with other races of the world. In connection with it he advocates the idea of Negro colonization in Africa, and of Negroes being responsible for leadership in the Negro World. His plan is not without financial relations involving the Black Star Line with .its one steamer plying between America and the .West Indies and its two subsidiary boats. We also read of the Negro Factories Corporation, of the Cooperative Laundry Plan, etc. It cannot be told what the outcome of this movement will be. It is to be feared tha.t it is a largely inflated and unstable affair. It does serve 'to emphasize the

importance of a right use of the present race consciousness of the Negro, as also sane methods of thrift and inve'Stment that the Garvey movement may be constructively supplanted. It forces upon the Protestant Church the necessity of freshly realizing the place of sane religious inspiration and right spiritual leadership. .. .. 'It Dr. George E. Haynes, who has had charge of the Negro Department of the Interchurch World Movement, spoke of· two very important changes that have taken place in the racial situation which call for a vigorou'S grasp on the part of Home Mission Boards. The first he calls internal because it is taking place in the mental attitude .of both Negroes and whites. Partly as a result of the war and partly because of the rising tide .of ra,ce consciousness, Negroes are coming to realize what it means to be free–a realization that is expres'Sing itself in a new sense of their own worth and dignity as a p€ople and in their changed attitude toward the white people. The former relationship of master and man has been dying, that relationship that s,outhern blacks and southern whites knew, but there has not been built up in its place a feeling on the basis of man to man, so that there is growing su'Spicion on the one side and the passing of a paternal attitude on the other. This mental condition calls for that which only the idealism' of Jesus Christ can give.

The second .important change has to do with external conditions. The Negro has been leaving the rural districts, away from the humdrum and drudgery of plantation life. Another influence carrying them out of: the rural towns and into the northern industrial, centers is a growing feeling of insecurity, in proportion to the feeling of lessened .cordiaHty between the races, and lessened assurance of the things that make for safety. The American Negro is not only religious, but Christian. He is patient and forgiving; he does not long cherish grudges; he has courage, hope and optimism; his loyalty to those to whom allegianee is due is the highest kind of confidence in the sufficiency of the Golden Rule; his intimate trust in God, so wonderfully revealed in the heart throbs of Negro folk song, mark him as unique in spiritual attainments. What greater need has America than these very marked expressions of a vital Christianity~ In all the world, outside the Anglo Saxon nations, is there anywhere so large a racial group at heart thoroughly Christian and in some particulars more Christian than the white race itseln What shall be the answer of thoughtful, sober, Christian Americans who believe in the "square deal"¥ Shall it be anything less than a man's chance for manhood qualities ~ The principles of the Golden Rule and the Sermon on the Mount apply alike to colored and white men everywhere.

M. Alexander and His

BY HENRIETTA M. HYSLOP A N INTENSE and life long love for the Word of God, which in later years developed into a veritable passion, wml the crowning glory of Charles Alexander. Everywhere he went and in all his work he appealed both to audiences and to individuals to saturate themselves in a knowledge of the Bible; and in all prob- ability this consuming zeal will prove to be his most lasting memorial.

Much of his Gospel singing and other work was necessarily of a more ephemeral order, but to the furtherance of the Pocket Testa- ment League he gave the best that was in him, and through the League he became known to tens of thousands who never saw him nor felt the magnetism of his personal charm.

Charles McCallon Alexander was born October 24, 1867, in a log cabin among the hills of Ten- nessee; anq. passed on to his Heavenly Home from Bil'lning- ham" England, on October 13, 1920. The infiuence of his early Christian home was supplement- ed by the training received in a little school taught by the widow of a Presbyterian minister, CHARI.ES M. AI.EXANDER where the >curriculum was very limited but where knowledge of facts and high principles were wise- ly imparted. The natural beauty of the Tennessee hills moo.e its deep impression on the character of the lad, and Gospel songs were especially prized in his music-loving household. The father, skilled in music, took keen delight in teaching his son the songs from the new hymn book of Moody and Sankey-then in the early years of their world ,vide work. ~he mother often read aloud from the Moody sermons so that the hoy's mind was molded by these in- fluences and he was prepared for the y:ears of service to come.

Before he was twenty, Charles Alexander was earning his living by teaching music in North Gar·olina. News came that his father was fatally ill in Atlanta, Georgia, and during the several hundred mile journey home, he had time for serious thinking. Although he could claim church membership, he had to acknowledge to himself * Much of the material for this sketch is taken from the recent volume entitled "Charlie Alexander," by Mr. Philip I. Roberts and published by the Fleming H. Reven Co.

219

that his life lacked something, and during the week of waiting by his father's bedside his ideas of time and eternity stood out in their right relation. To the night of his father's death he looked back definitely as the date of his conversion, when, trudging across Atlanta to summon the undertaker he prayed for some vision, or impression, to assure him that his father was indeed in the presence of his Lord, and promising that if the answer came he would pledge his life to the service of Jesus Christ. Clearly and unmistakably the assurance came, for he says: "There came upon me a yearning desire to lead men to Christ, and I began to look around to discover by what means I could best help men and women into the Kingdom. I conceived the notion that a Go'Spel hymn could be turned into a sermon."

Convinced of the possibilities .of the Gospel song, the young man proceeded at once to act on -his conviction, and from Maryville College he went to the Moody Bible Institute. It is a practical evidence of his missionary zeal that he persuaded eight of hi~ college friends to accompany him. At the Moody Institute, theory and practice go hand in hand, and Mr. Alexander was not there long before he was appointed, with feeling'S of consternation on his part, to lead the singing at a meeting in one of the worst districts of Chicago. The experience was one from which he learned to under- 'Stand audiences, and how to win their sympathetic response. His first definite engagement as an evangelist came at the close of his four years' course at the Institute, when he was selected as temporary associate of Evangelist M. B. Williams. The partnership lengthened into eight years of service. Then followed the campaign with Dr. R. A. Torrey in Australia where at first there were some misgivings lest the unknown singer from America might bring innovations that would be discordant to Australian susceptibilities. It was not long, however, before there was complete understanding between audience and singer and great blessing attended the meet- ings. This tour through Australasia and India gave new impetus to revival methods, especially as related to the Gospel in chorus singing, and brought Mr. Alexander into world prominence. From this missionary crusade the .two evangelists came to England in 1903, and f.or three years visited principal cities in England, Scotland and Ireland, crowning the effort in a two months' mission in Albert Hall, London, where it was estimated that half a million different individuals attended the meetings and seven thousand persons pub- licly confessed Christ. o During the Birmingham Mission in the early part of 1904 he became engaged to Miss Helen Cadhqry, the daughter of a Christian philanthropist kn.own and honored throughout England. Both Miss Cadbury and her mother had had some share as workers in the

CHARLES M. ALEXANDER AND HIS WORK

meetings, .and the friendship formed by her association with the American singer progressed so rapidly that their engagement was announced on the day after the Mission closed. The wedding took place on July 14th ·of the same year in the Friends' Meeting House in Birmingham, and Mr. Alexander proudly took his bride to visit his southern home.

Mr. Alexander's engagement with Dr. Torrey was terminated because of the critical illness of his wife, and after her recovery he became associated with Dr. J. Wilbur Chapman in 1908. T·ogether they conducted many richly blessed missions in the United States, Canada and Australia, and also visited China, Japan and Korea. In 1910, they held their mission in Cardiff, Wales, a year later they went to Ireland and in 1913 went to Scotland. In referring to Mr. Alexander's conquest of unemotional Scottish audiences, Dr. John McNeill recalls the trepidation with which he anticipated his coming to Scotland, and the possible effect of his methods among that staid folk; but disapproval was seen to soften, relax and finally melt away as the singer led his audience iuto the swing of the "Glory Song."

Then came the war. Wondering what he could do for the thousands of young army recruits, Mr. Alexander resolved to visit their camps and take the Message of Him who gave His life as a ransom for many. For some years the conviction had been growing upon him that men and women could be led to God more directly through His own Word than by any other method, and he and Mrs. 'Alexander had been quietly developing this idea through the Pocket Testament League, which had been founded by Mrs. Alexander in her high school days in Birmingham, England. When only twelve years of age she discovered that the habit of carrying a -small Testament, not only for hep own reading in leisure moments, but in order to create an interest in the Bible among her friends, was of inestimable value. Other girls agreed to follow her plan and out of this a small society developed, which numbered more than sixty when its founder left the school. With the aid of hi-s Gospel songs and the little Testaments provided by the generosity of the Christian public, Mr. Alexander was used of God to inaugurate a spiritual revival among the British soldiers; and later when America was drawn into the conflict his energies were devoted to organizing similar work in American army campE. From both British and American camps young men by the hundreds of thousands went to the battle front singing Mr. Alexander's hymns, and carrying the little book that makes plain the Way of Life.

The record of the Pocket Testament League's success as a world wide Bible-reading moveinent forms one of the most striking chapters in the history of modern evangelism. To the promotion of this ''lork Mr. Alex.ander's last days were esr .cially devoted. :a:e

had had upon his heart a vision of a great, world wide Bible revival, and by every gift at his disposal he fostered this idea. So successful had he been that before leaving the United States on what proved to be hi's last voyage, plans for such a revival had been formulated and entrusted to a Committee whose privilege it will be to see that the ideals of the man now called to larger service are carried forward. In great industrial establishments, where there is as never before a need for the stabilizing influence of the Gospel, meetings are being held and the Bible is put into the hands of the workers. Special efforts have been made in Philadelphia to reach the 'Street car men of the city, and this has resulted in twenty-six hundred of them signing up to read a daily chapter from the Bible. Of these, more than six hundred and fifty wrote upon their cards, "I accept Christ. " Over one hundred men are enrolled as daily Bible readers in Sing Sing prison, and a group calling themselves the "Comfort Club" get together in the evening to read their Testaments. Thirtythree inmates of Oregon State Penitentiary are League members and the warden writes: "The Testaments are worth their weight in gold to the men who are trying to fit themselves for a new life."

The League now has a place on the practical work program of the Los Angeles Bible Institute. Ina report recently issued, the Pocket Testament League leads all other departments in the number of conversions brought about-over 1600 in all. Branch headquarter'S have been established in Great Britain, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Syria, Japan, Korea, China, Holland and Norway. The main office is at 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

Mr. Alexander's last great work in America was a seven weeks' evangelistic campaign in Detroit, where 24,000 men and women became members of the League. The city was stirred by a sweeping "Back to the Bible" wave of enthusiasm. In 'Street cars, factories, offices and banks, Testaments were in evidence. In a single bank over a hundred employees joined the League.· In the Detroit Chamber of Commerce one of the largest commercial organizations in America-men may be seen in groups reading and discussing their Testaments. The Word of the Lord endureth forever, and those to whom He has entrusted the continuance of the great work laid down by Charles Alexander can thank God for his example, and go forward believing that the bles'Sing of the past is an assurance of the blessing to follow.

to the Church at

O NE day a Chinese gentleman was shown into the guest room of an inland hospital. He came to see the foreign doctor, but not because of illness. His home was hundreds of miles away in another province, and he had never seen the hospital or anyone connected with it.

When the doctor entered the stranger said: "I have heard about this hospital even though my home is far away. Here is a very insignificant contribution I wish you would receive. "

He brought forth and carefully counted his "insignificant contribution" and handed it over to the doctor with an apology. It was 100,000 cash or about $5,000.

The stranger left. The doctor counted the money over again and it was all good cash. There had been no request for a card. The stranger had not even stated what business brought him to the city. He came and went like a ship in the night, and nothing more was heard from him.

Such a story sent home from the field iIi. a personal letter helps to keep alive intere.st in mission work and to win new friends and supporters. But so few seem to realize the opportunity and the necessity of such letters that I feel impelled to tell of a plan tried by one missoinary.

In the first fifteen months after this medical missionary came to China, he wrote five long letters, some of them over 15,000 words long. By the use of a typewriter with carbons and thin paper, he made nine legible copies of each letter. The subjects in each letter were varied and included ,clippings from the Ohinese Recorder and other pUblications not in the reach of his distant friends, his own experiences, stories told him by missionaries, his meetings with Chinese who spoke English. Every sort of impression made upon his mind, which he thought would interest his friends, he noted down in a little vest-pocket book he carried for that :pul"pose.

One of the nine copies of these letters ultimately went to the secretary of his Board. The eight others went to groups of his friends, 15 of whom were divided into eight groups according to their geographical location. To each of the eight groups went a letter. These were forwarded from one to another in rotation. Then they went finally to relatives and to two college libraries where he had attended school. He also sent home pathological specimens to the medical school from which he came and films for lantern slides to friends who used them for missionary addresses. Sometimes the letters were used for magazine articles.

2Z3

"The result of this attempt," he writes, "have been most gratifying. I am in closer touch with the fa.culty of my own medical school than I was while a student. And I had something to back me up when recently I sent them an appeal to bear the needs of China in mind when Junior and Senior students came to them for advice regard- ing their future location. Among other letters, I have received onc from a man unknown to me, a medical student whose face was turned to China by an article I wrote. Another letter came from a mechan- ical engineer who is making money. He and I traveled through Europe together. I never thought he was much interested in mis- sions. Now he writes to ask whether he could put his training to good service in China. Pastors and laymen have written me that my letters brought the subject of missions very much closer to them.

Previously missions had been something more or less abstract.

They had all read books on missions, and accounts of missionary work printed in church papers, but what they -wanted was to know someone personally on the field, these younger pastors and laymen particul:rrly. The biggest result, however, is my personal convic- tion that for me at least, this plan is a good one and very much worth while. It is not an easy thing to do. It takes time. Often I have pounded my typewriter till one and two a 'clock in the morning. It takes money, too. But the time and monf'V are well spent.

"There are many things I cannot do but I can tell others the good things the missionaries are doing, alld what life in China is meaning to me. Two evenings a week I devote to my 125 frif'nds and if I do not try to tie them up to the work of the Kingdom in China, perhaps no one else will. Their intcrf'st in China may hinge en- tirely upon me. • "Mission study books are of excellent educational value, but tlip,' are not personal. Church report letters and printed missionary reports are also good, but they will not get under the vests of my friends. They do not have the force of a personal letter. ,Vhat we want is intercessory prayer with definite meaning to it and giv- ing in which the heart of the giver goes with the money."

It may be well to add one word of caution. Those not much ac- customed to writing ought to take an older missionary into his con- fidence. There are some thing-s which might be very interesting, but the writing of which would be a hindrance to the Kingdom. Our own opinions, if such qlll'Sti OllS arise, ought to yield to the judgment of men who know what is helpful from actual experience in the work of the Kingdom.

Many who go out to the mission field can do little during the first tongue-tied years. But they can use their native language to interest those at home hy writing letten; to circles of friends..

E. C. CRONK, EDITOR, 437 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

MIDDLE-AGE MISSIONARY METHODS All the world cheers youth to new achievement. Everybody has a tender sentiment for beautiful old age. The most neglected area in human life i.s prosaic middle-age. Yet the greatest achievements in the world's work have been wrought by men and women of middle age. Between the dreams which young men dream and the visions which old men see come the prosaic years of accomplishment of middle-aged meri.

"yVe have made far more mistakes in sending out missionaries who are too young than in sending out those who are too old. Send liS missionaries who have lived" comes the message from the force on the foreign field to one of the great mission Boards of America.

How shall we make the most of these middle years in missionary methods?

Is a New Type of Life Work Meeting women· to rescue them from the dan- Needed? ger of the "retiring" germ, to which In addition to the meetings which we seem particularly susceptible at have a twenty to twenty-five years the time when our life work should age limit why not some meetings in count for most.

which a gleam of hope is held out to There is even more danger of drift- people who have passed thirty or ing at forty than there is at twenty.

forty? At a summer conference with Many people face at forty or fifty en- a thousand delegates this announce- tirely different conditions and oppor- ment was made. tunities from those which surrounded "All delegates under twenty are them in earlier years-that is if they invited to a life-work meeting at eight really look about and face them. Us- o'clock." Abottt five hundred noted ually they drift past without recogniz- the hour and place of the meeting ing the opportunity of changing con- to which their youth gave them en- ditions.

trance while the other five hundred A woman whose children are excluded ones saw before them a grown and away at school or married barred gate inscribed "Abandon hope should discriminate between the ap- all ye who cannot enter here." plication of the time honored quota- One of the most fatal. things that tion" A mother's place is at home with can happen to a life work meeting for her children" during the period when the teens and the twenties is to have she really had children in her home the majority of the seats taken by and these later days when the children the forties and the fifties, but why not are gone.

hold a parallel meeting to consider A woman whose every moment is definitely the opportunities of middle- filled with home duties at thirty may age? have, at forty, hours each day she We recount the achievements of could give to missionary service. We youth to inspire young lives. Let llS are apt to throw the blanket covering give also some inspiration to men and of "woman's sphere" over all femin- 225

ine activities, regardless of age or was given an unimportant parish in condition. A woman who at thirty a waste and barren spot of Germany spends every evening reading or tell- with a group of epileptics as his par- ing stories to her children may at ishioners.

fifty give several evenings a week If he was shelved he developed on to settlement work for other children the particular shelf to which he had instead of nursing in loneliness the been consigned such a marvelous col- ache in her heart for the children ony of mercy that all the world went who are gone. / to Bielefeld to study his methods.

A man who has never really faced He kept open house for discharged life work problems honestly before, convicts and sent them away honest may find at forty or fifty there is yet men. The doors of his colony were a large service he can give in the never locked. Before the days of the home or foreign field. A professor Salvation Army slogan he convinced in a medical college attended his first hundreds of discouraged hearts that life work meeting after he had passed "a man may be down but he's never the age limit at which any Mission out." Helpless children were brought Board would send a doctor to the to him. To the poor, the needy, the field, but the call came to him so defin- sick, the dispirited-he gave new itely for service in medical missions hope, new life, and new courage and that he resolved to get at least one trained them to take their place in the man a year from -his classes who world's work.* would go out as a missionary. That If it were possible for one woman decision was even more far reaching to shelve another then the woman who than the decision of the student by was adroitly transferred from the di- his side to go himself. rectorship of a large department in There are men who could be led to a Sunday-school to a class which had a decision to finance a missionary or a few middle-aged women in it would a whole missioll station if the oppor- have been all the shelf. If she was, she tunity of middle age were presented found on her shelf an opportunity as earnestly and forcefully as the op- hitherto unrecognized. Not a particle portunities of youth have been urged. of her energy did she waste in uncov- There is no reason why we should ering her wounds- to compel public abandon hope if a man or woman has sympathy.

passed forty. "What an opportunity" she said.

Let us have place in our missionary "I wonder that I never saw it be- program for the presentation of aft- fore !"

er-forty life work problems and op- She worked with all her might and portunities. soon a class of tWf) hundred women was one of the strongest features of THE. TRUTH ABOUT THE SHELVING that school.

PROOESS If it were possible for one man to shelve another then that young "I have been laid on the shelf by Korean Christian who was sent in the younger man" said a man at fifty- chains to an island would have been five. laid on the shelf. Instead of saying, Therein was he mistaken. No man "See how I have been thrown aside," – is laid on the shelf. Shelving is not he said, "Now I have the opportunity a thing one man can do to another. of being sent out as a missionary to It is one of the injustices a man does people who have never heard of to himself. Christ, and the government is bear- If one man could shelve another ing my traveling expenses."

:then Pastor von Bodelschwingh would * The story of von Bodelschwingh's work have been shelved when, by the in- is told in the book, A Colony of Mercy, Price trigue of a jealous court chaplain, he 7S cents. I-utheran Publication House. 9th and Sansom Streets, Pbil•., Pa.

BEST METHODS

Some one said of D. L. Moody, in India, so he bought a new book "If he were sent to prison he would strap and entered Johns Hopkins with count it an opportunity to preach "the boys." Christ to all the prisoners. If he were consigned to the county alms Some of the Board members could "house he would transform it. If he but smile at the eagerness of the man were banished to the most desolate of fifty-two fitting himself for his spot of earth he would fill it with such "life work." light and love that soon that spot would become an irradiating center to At fifty-four he received his diplo- which multitudes would flock." ma and sailed back for India. Far- ther and farther he pressed on in his If it were possible for one man to work. vVhen a call came for him to shelve another then Pope Leo surely go into the Palnad district his friends would have laid Martin Luther on were sure he would die while in that the shelf with his bull of excommun- deadly section. After working there ication. According to the parlance with wonderful success for four years of many of our modern missionary so- he burned the coffin that had been cieties. Luther would have been per- made for him and went on. fectly justifiable in nursing his grievance and saying;" Years later when he was home on furlough he met a member of the "I have been shamefully treated. My work is absolutely unappreciated. Mission Board who had voted against I have done my best. Let some one sending him to India because of his else try reforming the Church now. age. Here I am past fifty, and my own church has not recognized my initia- "You do not know me?" said Heytive and ability. I'm too old to begin er as the Board member regarded all over again." him with a puzzled expression, "I'm the man who was too old to go to If Martin Luther was shelved then India twenty years ago!" Protestantism was built on his shelf. At seventy-five, while on a visit to The plaint "I have been laid on the Germany he learned that because of shelf" is a pitiful confession, not of difficulties and discouragements on the an outward sin committed against a field, his beloved mission was about man by other men, but of an inward to be discontinued. Back to America condition for which he himself is re- he hurried. Arriving at Reading, Pa., sponsible. when his ministerium was in session discussing the matter, he walked in, "I shall have to retire" said one grip in hand, and proposed that he minister. "What's the trouble?" ask- would go back and get hold of the ed a sympathetic friend. situation. At seventy-five he spoiled all the kind and thoughtful plans for "I'm fifty years old" answered the his retirement by buying another retirer impressively and I feel as if ticket for India. I had served my day and generation." Raymund Lull, foremost among That was the age at which Chris- the noblemen of the Middle Ages, gave tian Frederick Heyer said; up his position and honor as grand seneschal of the court and spent nine "I shall have to take a medical years in a cell on Mount La Randa, course to fit myself for my life work." with a Moorish servant who taught Heyer had gone out to India when he him Arabic. When he was fifty-five was forty-eight, although some of the years old he sailed for Tunis, the one members of his Mission Board had missionary in all the world to Mohamshaken their heads very doubtfully medans. Vander Kemp was fifty about sending such "an old man" to years old when he went out as a med- India. When he came back on his ical missionary to South Africa. first furlough in four years he was convinced that a medical course was We have women who have literary necessary for his most efficient work ability who feel that they were so

handicapped in early life they have our methods of work sending young had no chance.. Amelia E. Barr pub- lished her first book after she was men and women to, Christian colfifty and published seventy-four others in the thirty-three years between leges and helping other people to her fiftieth and eighty-eighth birthdays. see the possibility of having part in Gladstone was appointed premier the work of the next generation. at eighty-three. Edison is still inventing at seventy-three. A business man of N ew Jersey as- The only gray which really dis- sumed the support of a bright young qualifies for service is of a kind that no external application of dye can girl through college and medical change. Some men are gray with age when their hair is yet black and others school with the expectation that she are never old though their hair may turn white at twenty. would become a medical missionary.

Intrigue, jealousy, lack of consid- After completing the medical course eration may lead a man to the shelf, but no one except himself can ever she married a young physician. really shelve him. A man may be retired from a certain position but he "I thought then," said the business alone can retire himself from service. man, "that my investment had not WHAT THEY DID AFTER THEY WERE FIFrY turned out exactly as I had hoped, Always a son and a daughter in but I knew she was qualified for good College. A man said to his wife "Elizabeth and John both graduate work in America. After a while I next year. It will seem rather strange not to have any children in college." had a message that both she and her The mother's face clouded and then husband were going as medical misbrightened as she said: "It would be just as easy to send some one else sionaries. You never can tell about next year as it was to send Elizabeth and John this year, and I'd rather do investments. Sometimes you get comit than to buy the new house." pound interest when you don't expect They did it. They found the young' man and the young woman in all ~" . their acquaintance who gave best promise of using to adnntage a col- THOSE EMPTY NURSERIES. A wolege course and never since their own man went into her empty nursery. children graduated has there been a Her children were grown and maryear they have not had a son and a ried. The bright sun streamed in on daughter in college. unused toys. The absolute orderliness of her well-furnished home oppressed Why should we have less part in her. Christian education when the children that are ours by birth are "Why should there be so many through college? If we made sacri- childless homes and so many homefices to send them to college why less children?" she said. should we cease to sacrifice when there are many others whose lives She went out and found two of the might be trained for missionary serv- homeless children. ice at home or abroad. There are many people who talk Why should we not make one of much about how much better they could train their children if they had it to do over again, but few of them really make use of their experience.

"I hope to give my second family the benefit of the experience with my first," said the lady who brought two homeless little ones into the love and light of her home.

EIGHT EXTRA. She was a quiet little woman with snow white hair. During .the conference on missionary methods in the great auditorium she said not. a word. The sound of her pwn voice would have frightened her, but as we rode home she said, "I have had to do my work at home. As my large family was growing UP 1

realized how easily I could care for citizens. So a woman in Pennsyl- Qne child more since I was giving all vania whom people called aged and infirm had part in vigorous youthful 'of my time at home,. so at di1!erent service in India. times I have had the JOY of haVing as members of my family eight ory~an A WHOLE STATION. A middlechildren. All of them are ChnstIan men and women today, who are tak- aged successful bu~iness. man looke.d ing their part in the world's work and I am much better off than if I had his bank account, hiS bUSiness and hiS shut them out of my love and care when I had plenty to take them in." investments squarely in the face. All Another mother who was a busy had grown very steadily. He knew pastor's wife with three children adopted three orphan children to grow he could do the thing th.e Mission up and go to school and be. trained Board Secretary was asking him to for service with her own children. do. Is IT TOO LATE? A woman went home from her father's funeral, and "I'll do it" he said. looked about her at the empty house. That meant that he would take the Twenty years ago she was, to. have been married. Her mother s Illness support of an entire.missio!l s.tatiol!- and invalidism had kept her at home. Then her father demand~d her care, send out the foreign mlSSlOnanes, N ow at forty she was alone. She was not sorry she had given those twenty support the native preachers and vears to them but now it was too late to do anything else. "Was it too teachers, build the churches and late ?" The lines about her mouth became very resolute. Why should she schools required to give the Gospel not fill the coming years full to the brim? to two hundred and fifty thousand She entered a training school for people. Christian workers, taking an additional social service course at a uni- There are other men who have versity. She studied as the younger students did not know how to study, never been brought fa.ce to face with and instead of living a life of drea.ry loneliness she is the center of a c!hns- such "big business" in missions who tian settlement. would make similar investments. IN THE SERVICE AT ONE HUNDRED. Training Our Successors. At the Recently a woman died in Penn~yl­ vania having added more than thirty 1921 Foreign Missions Conference at years to her allotted three score and ten. At one hundred she still had part Garden City more than one person in missionary service. Many years ago she assumed the support of ~ boy noticed an older woman who usually in India. When her boy fil11shed sat with a young girl. The woman school he decided to be a preacher. His friend in America decided she had attended many Conferences. It would continue to support him, as he fitted himself for the ministry. He was the girl's first Conference. The became an exceptionally successful native pastor. Through his ministry woman was ever on the alert to see robber bands that no one else· had that the Conference would mean the been able to reach became Christian most possible to the girl.

"Who is going to carryon the work" she said, "unless we older wo- men are careful to surround ourselves with girls we are training to take our places." .

Any middle-aged w:oman w~o. IS not giving some attentlOn to training her successors is too short sighted for real success.

The type of woman who covets for herself such enconiurns as; "When she drops out her work will stop:'

"She was wonderful! We can never get anyone to fill her place," is ~ar below the type of whom It can be said; "She was far-sighted enough to plan the work so it would adv~nce steadily without her." "She trained her successors so there was no break."

A TALENT SEARCH Note: You will not likely b~ called on at onu to do all the things listed. Fifty-three members who belonged If the above plan is followed be to a Missionary Society received this sure that the committee makes good use of the talents discovered. letter: SISTER COLLEGES "You are invited to take part in a One of the developments in inter- 'Talent Search' for the Vomen's Mis- national friendships is seen in the sis- ter colleges. Many of the women's sionary Society. We are sure there colleges in America are becoming strong big sisters to the colleges of are many hidden talents among our the Orient.

members. There are many other At the annual meeting of the Fedtalents be~ides money of which the eration of Woman's Boards of For- eign Missions, Mrs. Burton St. John, Lord has need. In planning the work Student Secretary of the Methodist for the coming year we want to have Episcopal Church, said: There is a growing feeling of sisa program of service with every mem- terliness among our students, and a ber doing the things she can do best. more intelligent interest in the Orient- al college girl, resulting from educa- Here are some of the things our mem- tional programs carried on in the colleges. The expression of this inbers will be asked to do. In each terest is taking shape in exchange of correspondence and small gifts, and blank please write whether or not you in the larger contributions to the sup- port of the Oriental colleges. will give service along the line indi- A few items will show how it works cated. We are not asking the most locally: expert service but the most willing Dakota Wesleyan had a Sister College Day. A play was given in the chapel by service that may become more expert. the girls, and in the afternoon, a program and tea, after which subscriptions were We want to have on file a list of taken, for Tokyo Women's College.

women who can and will give various At the University of Southern Cali- fornia, three Chinese students served a types of service. Will you: Chinese dinner to over seventy-five girl. to boost Ginling. They invited a Ginling L Play organ or piano if called on? girl from Pomona College to be their 2. Sing in chorus choir for meetings guest for the day. This girl spoke at the in church, hospital or in homes? Y. W. C. A. meeting in the morning, and 3. Play any other musical instrument? gave an after-dinner speech in the even- 4. Lead a meeting? ing. 5. Lead in prayer? 6. Prepare articles or papers on as- Topeka Branch gave a large share of signed subjects? its Annual Meeting to student interests. A 7. Read leaflets in meetings? college girls' banquet was served to four. 8. Prepare and make short talks if ma- hundred guests, and toasts were given to terial for ;:.tudy is furnish.,d you? "Other Girls," "Double Up," etc. On col- 9. Be hostess for meetings at church or lege night a debate wa. held, "Why I at homes of others? believe in my Sister College," in which 10. Offer your home for meetings as five girls defended each her own Sister, needed? If so how many people can you and $25 was given to the winner-Bakerseat in one room or rooms with open for their Ginling Fund. doors? 11. Offer an automobile for occasional Thirty-four colleges gave to their sevuse in meeting speakers, visiting sick and en Sister Colleges in the Orient this last abs-entee members? year the splendid sum of $10,224.59. 12. Decorate church for special occasions ? Goucher College gave the largest out- 12. Furnish flowers for church or to be right sum-$2,037.S0. sent to the sick? 13. Visit sick or absent members? Cornell College had the largest increase; 14. Make or help make posters and from $150 last year, to $1,450 thi. year. charts? 15. Lead a Mission study class? 16. Read to "Shut Ins"? 17. Visit hospitals? 18. Prepare special food for sick on request of committee? 19. Make costumes needed for pageants? 20. Suggest other things you would like to do or think should be done? 21'. Give names of other people with talent. you think may be unknown to the committee?

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK EXTRACTS FROM THE ANNUAL REPORT The Council of Women for Home Just before Christmas, a Christmas llissions is becoming, in the bulk of message as the Bible puts it was sent its work, closely related to other to three hundred foreign-language agencies. Each year marks closer co- publications, two hundred twenty-five operation with the Home Missions church papers and every daily news- Council. Many joint standing com- paper in the United States. The mittees with that Council and with marked copies received indicate a wide other agencies have functioned during use of this material.

1920. New Americans PubUcity This Committee has had a year of formulating policies, of finding feas- The genius of Home Missions ible lines of cooperative service, of Council and Council of Women pub- gathering stores of knowledge from licity is the quiet spreading throughout every section of the United States. the land of the story of cooperation Special attention was centered upon among the Home Mission agencies of surveys of foreign language lite ·a- Protestant churches. Publicity, as ture and press, survey of foreign lang- conceived by this Committee, is edu- uage religious education literature, cation through the presentation of and racial group studies prepared by facts so treated as to be alive with in- experts. spiration and the spirit of encouragement. A Bureau of Information on non- English-speaking people in America The field to be thus educated is, began its work October 1, 1920, the first, denominational home mission staff dealing with foreign-language workers, including officials and mis- literature of the Board of Home Missionaries, and the ministry and mem- sions and Church Extension of the bership whom they serve- and repre- Methodist Episcopal Church having sent. The second division of this field offered their services for that purpose. is the general public. The misconcep- The Bureau has under way at the tions of the public as to the relation- present time (l) the establishing of ships of the different denominations a bibliography for each language is due to lack of knowledge and to er- group, (2) the development of a file roneous interpretations, written and of outstanding leaders in each langprinted by those either not careful of uage group, (3) the compilation of their phrasing, or eager to throw dust statistics on the strength of the various in the eyes of those who would see denominations in the work with forclearly if given the opportunity. eign-language groups in the United States and Canada (4) the maintain- The first task of the year was the ing of a clipping file on each langpreparation and sending to five hun- uage group. dred of the leading newspapers of the country and two hundred church papers a four-page single-space story of the Annual Meeting of 1920. Then Farm and Cannery MJgrants began to go forth a continuous stream Seven women's boards furnished of information. Then there has been funds for four experimental stations something to say it has been said to in New Jersey, Delaware and Mary- the best of our ability and sent out land during the summer of 1920, the for publication. . funds being dispensed through the 3$1

treasury of the Council of 'Vomen. Spanish-speaking people. They have There was altogether a total of forty- , more than three thousand pupils en- five weeks of service at the four sta- rolled in their educational institutions tions. Three types of communities in the states of California, Arizona, were selected, each being composed New Mexico, Texas and Colorado.

of foreign-speaking folk: (1) where There is also a Protestant church the. produce was shipped fresh to the membership of more than ten thou- market, (2) a cannery owned by an sand in these states, and work for individual who lived in the community, .Mexicans is being carried on at ap- (3) a cannery owned by an absentee proximately three hundred different 'Corporation, with a local manager. points.

The funds for salaries, travel and fur- Indian Missions nishings were provided by the Boards through the Council, the owner pro- This Committee has been active in vided the building and permanent promoting the following lines of work equipment with service, the local com- during the past year: the survey of munity or nearby town gave moral the American Indian field: allocation support and aid, especially through a of responsibility for unreached and partially occupied fields among 46,000 committee of leading women. The general program was essen- Indians in the continental United tially alike in each of the stations" States; cooperation with other agenthough the group served was some- cies in the suppression of the peyote times Italian, sometimes Polish; one evil; providing for a unified program place needing especially the day nurs- of religious education in Government ery and kindergarten, while at another schools under trained directors; emspecial attention was given to work phasizing the need of suitable literafor older children and to those em- ture for religious education in home ployed by the ·cannery. At each there and school; stimulating cooperating was direct Americanization, and the Boards and Societies to strengthen alinculcating of honesty, respect and ready existing mission schools and reverence. Lessons in citizenship and provide adequate educational facilities sanitation, in practical home-making for the thousands of children not now and simple arts and crafts, served to in any school; urging the necessity transform lives and homes. To real- of strong Sunday-scbools, young peoize what the work means one must ple's work and community work know of the unspeakable conditions among the native churches,. mission in the shacks and bunk houses, of the stations and centers of Indian populaappalling ignorance and living habits, tion; standing as a unit for a native of the small rooms housing girls and Christian leadership, well trained, and older brothers and roomers indiscrim- the establishment of a central interlnately, of the gambling and smoking denominational institution for the :and bullying, of the lack of law and training of such leaders from all the 'order. One must follow the familv tribes of the United States and eventu- :groups from city slum to berry patch. ally from Mexico and South America. to vegetable garden, to oyster bed, and Practically ninety-five per cent. of 'back again over the cycle-a migrant the Indian young people outside of 'life without real home or opportunity those in attendance at the regular pub- lic schools are enrolled in Federal infor school or play. stitutions. In such institutions there is Spanish-Speaking People great need for a unified religious edu- The most conservative estimate of cation program under trained direc- Spanish-speaking people in the Soutl1- tion. The plan has already been car- west is at least 1,500,000. There are ried out in Haskell Institute at Law- eight denominations engaged in edu- rence, Kansas, and has met with cational work for these Mexicans, ann gratifying success. There isa great

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

need of simple Bible study courses and of the American Nation" have been Sunday-school literature for the Indian widely circulated, not only through young people. At the Wallace Lodge 6,000 copies but through the religious Conference in September, 1920, a com- press of the various denominations. mittee was appointed, to confer with the International Sunday School Les- It is of importance that we note the son Committee to devise means for strides made in inter-racial cooperagetting out a new Sunday School Les- tion between white and colored peoson sheet for use among Indians. ple, not simply in some sections of the South but in widely distributed areas. Developments of much promise for The very best and most Christian talnative leadership are looked for from ent of both races has been actively the recently organized "Indian VoIttn- enlisted. Attention should also be teer Bands" in two of the larger In- given to the progress of work for dian schools. The members are inter- Negroes in the North undertaken by ested in fitting themselves for positions Boards of ljlixed white and colored of helpfulness among their own peo- membership. The purely Negro deple, living as Christians in whatever nominations have been forging ahead walks of life they may enter. A num- in constructive missionary policies in ber of these young people have de- the fields of Negro education and clared it as their intention, God will- church life during the last five years. ing, to enter Christian callings. Recrn1t1ng the Home H1sslon FGnle8 Orientals in America The most imperious need of the The work among the Chinese be- hour is for Christian leadership. The gan in 1852. There are now 43 Chris- Committee has felt that it has been tian institutions for the Chinese in called into existence not so much as northern California-three are chil- a committee of survey as to find candidren's homes, one a Y. M. and one a dates-both men and women-whom Y. W. C. A. ; ten missions in southern the homeland agencies may definitely California; four in Portland; one mis- commission for longer or shorter persion and a Chinese Y. M. C. A. in iods. The Committee serves as a Seattle. The Japanese work was or- clearing house for the recruiting efganized in 1877 and now is in 40 forts of the various Boards which are places in northern and 32 places in constituen'ts bf 'the Councils. The southern California. The Korean various denominations have been work has been in existence about 20 largely individualistic so far as their years and is conducted in fifteen programs of effort at summer conferpoints in California. ences were concerned. Possible candi- dates were being lost between confer- It would be difficult to find any- ences and Board offices. where a more noble work carried on in a more noble spirit, or in buildings The Secretaries have done some colbetter fitted to express that nobility lege visitation work since the comof missionary enthusiasm than that mencement of the fall term. Investidone by the Methodist and Presbyter- gation has been inaugurated with a ian Boards in their rescue homes for view to the utilization of Board sec- Chinese girls. retaries and missionaries in an inter- denominational way. A mim who Negro Americans visits can recruit for twenty denom- The Committee has busied itself – inations as well as for one. He will during the past year in the promotion not have a knowledge as to the ex- of the platform of Christian principles act character of the need in particular enunciated at the conference of col- fields in denominations other than his ored and white leaders in New York own, but he will know types. The in- City on September 4, 1919. The facts formation thus secured by a relatively of the leaflet "The Negro, An Asset small group of men and women and

imparted to the appropriate Boards, if Home Envelope were issued for use properly followed up by each Board, with the junior book. Of "The Church will result in as definite and worthy and the Community," over 70,800 results as if the old individualistic were sold; of "Serving the Neighbor- method were further pursued. When hood," over 28,000 were sold; of "Mr. the richness and sweep and signifi- Friend-o'-Man," 10,600 were sold be- cance of the home missionary oppor- fore December 16. tunity are properly presented, it is not difficult to secure the thoughtful Three books are in process for consideration of the best type of stu- 1921-22 on the general theme "Fac- dents. Denominationalism no longer ing Our Unfinished Task in America," bulks large in the student mind. Stu- for adults a book by Dr. H. Paul dents think of denominations as co- Douglass, for young people a book operating, not competing units. They by Fred Eastman, and a junior book cannot understand why a dozen repre- which takes the form of travel stories sentatives of as many denominations by Mrs. Agnes Wilson Osborne. should waste their time in one institu- tion when one man can do the work Women's Federations for the group. In the early part of 1920 a "Sug- Study Courses g~stive Constitution" for state or local Women's Church and Missionary If new impetus were needed to the Federations, recommended by the devotion of the Committee it could be Council and the Federation of Wo- found in the example of those others man's Boards of Foreign Missions, who with passionate zeal seek to edu- was published by these two bodies. cate the masses with mistaken and Feeling the importance of joint action misleading formulas of salvation. A in regard to local federations the Com- multitude of cults and creeds that mittee of the Council and the Com- know not Christ, and have not God mittee of the Federation constituted in all their thoughts, are bidding suc- themselves a joint committee. This cessfully for the minds and hearts of committee is planning ways in which thousands of earnest seekers after to be of real service to local federa- truth. Christian education in its tions, especially in the presentation of widest significance must be the instru- suggestions for the annual program and activities. "'" ment of saving all such. It must be U i ' ',set over against the avalanche of sub- Committee on Consu1tation "tie half truths and falsehoods which On invitation of the Federal Coun- are circulated by the millions of copies cil of the Churches of Christ in Amer- in many languages and distributed ica, a conference between representa- throughout city and hamlet among. tives of the Federal Council and other people of every tongue and ,every interdenominational agencies was held color. The educational service, then, in New York City, December 13, 1920. of Home Missions becomes of first It was voted that it was "the sense importance as it contributes in any of this conference that there is need. wise to the spreading of Christ's for closer and more mutually support- ideals, and the essentials of Christian ing relationships between the agen- principles in human relationships. cies represented." As a result a Committee on Consultation was rec- Of "Christian Americanization" ommended "made up of representa- 117,000 copies were sold; of the jun- tives from each of these agencies to ior book, "Called to the Colors," 11,000 meet periodically to consider matters copies were sold. To accompany the of common interest and to study the adult book there was a supplement and problems of cooperation. The Coun- also a devotional booklet, "The Bible cil of Women has three representatives Message for the Stranger Within Our on this committee." Gates." while a Manual and a Take

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LATIN AMERICA "A little later came another letter 'Sunday School in Brazil with £3 enclosed, and with some dif- REV. HERBERT S. HARRIS was ficulty I obtained for him a copy of sent to Brazil as Sunday School the Catholic Bible. Within three Secretary last May. A central office months he wrote again: 'I beg you to was opened in Rio de Janeiro, and Mr. Harris has made a number of or- ask all the believers in Jesus Christ ganizing trips through the various to pray for my conversion. I have states. Recently an important step many difficulties.' Hundreds of Praywas taken in the appointment of an er-Circle members and others made interdenominational committee to con- this a matter of special prayer, while sider the merging of denominational I continued the correspondence with interests in the preparation of suitable ever-increasing hopefulness. Only a and adequate Sunday-school literature for Brazil. A new Methodist few days before setting out on my long Publishing House at Sao Paulo will journey to the Caraja Indians, I reissue a monthly lesson paper for chil- ceived a letter from Luiz, telling me dren, a quarterly for adult classes and that the great decision was made, and an annual lesson help for teachers, signing himself, 'Your brothel' in J esprobably Dr. Winton's Notes Expli- us Christ.' cativas. "Since then I have made a journey Another important advance is a to his town and found that the Pope's library, in Portuguese, of religious Bible had done wonders indeed. I pedagogy. Translators are now at found a fine Gospel Mission Hall, one of the best buildings in the town, enwork on the first four books of the tirely built at Sefior Luiz's expense. series: "The Sunday School at Much of the decoration, and all the Work"; "Learning and Teaching"; texts adorning its walls, were his own "Life in the Making"; and "Organiz- handiwork. Outside the building, ing and Directing the Sunday easily seen by all who enter the town, he has placed a huge carved Bible, in- School." scribed with the following words: 'Search the Scriptures'."

A Notable Conversion The Neglected Continent MR. F. C. GLASS reports a grow- Ryder Memorial Hospital ing interest in the Bible throughout Brazil. He writes: A N UNOBTRUSIVE and to many "Over a year ago I received a letter . an entirely unknown work is carfrom a Catholic gentleman in the in- ried on in a sacrificial spirit at the terior of Pernambuco. He had seen Ryder Memorial Hospital, at Humaour leaflet offering Bibles for sale, cao, Porto Rico. This is the out- growth of medical missionary work and enclosing about seven shillings, started by Dr. Schurter under the Congregational Board several years asked to be supplied with a Catholic ago. The little hospital accommo- Bible having the Pope's approval. I dates sixteen patients and is always replied that such a book would cost £3, but that I could furnish him with full. In one month last year 3012 the same book, minus the pictures, the patients were treated at the clinic, Apocrypha, and the Pope's approval aside from the regular inmates of the yet quite authentic and complete. He hospital. This work is all done by replied that he wished a Catholic Dr. Schurter as resident physician, Bible or none, whereupon I returned his wife as matron and one trained his money, adding a few tracts. nurse.

235

NORTH AMERICA (1) to acquaint the student with Second National Lutheran Councll present day movements in industrial THE National Lutheran Council, relationships and interdenominational formed by the merging of several cooperation; and (2) to give advanced Lutheran bodies, held its second an- instruction to those who expect to nual meeting in Chicago early in De- deal with the problems involved in cember, and adopted a comprehensive these movements.

program in which relief and friendly Among the· topics considered iri cooperation in Europe was the dom- their relation to church responsibility inant note. Reports at the Council are charity organization, child labor showed that every country in Europe and community recreation. The purwhere the Lutheran Church is found pose of the courSe on interdenominahas received assistance. In Poland a tional cooperation is to study the prinloan of 21,000,000 marks was ar- ciples which underlie the movements ranged for farmers, .whereby about toward Christian unity; and another five hundred communities were stabil- course on race relationships will conized. The region near Warsaw had sider the economic and psychological begun to thrive again when last sum- factors of the Negro question, the inmer's Bolshevist drive devastated. tricate problem of the Asiatics in about seventy per cent of the area America and the relation of immi- grant groups to our American comand a second loan is necessitated.

The Council authorized plans for a munity life.

World Conference of Lutherans in 1922, and urged a worthy celebration Rosenwald Fnnd at Work T of the quadricentenary of the Diet of HE following is an outline of the plan of the Julius Rosenwald Fund Worms, which falls on April 18, 1921.

Dr. Lauritz Larsen is President of in its beneficent work of raising the the Council. standard of rural Negro education World Convention or c. E. in the South. The program for 1920- 21 provides for the expenditure of THE fortieth anniversary of the $500,000 from the Fund, and $1,500,- founding of the Christian En- 000 from public and private sources. deavor Society will be marked by a World Convention in New York City, The school site must include ample July 6-11, 1921. During these forty space for playgrounds and for such years, it is conservatively estimated, agricultural work as is necessary for some twenty million young people the best service of the community. The minimum area for a one-teacher have been connected with the Society. school is two acres. In the United States nearly one-sixth of all the inhabitants are now or have Plans and specifications for every building shall be approved by the, been connected with the movement. General Field Agent before construc- while in missionary lands progress tion is begun. has been equally significant. India Aid will be granted toward the con- has 2000 societies, China 1200 and struction and equipment of only those even distant islands maintain such or- school buildings whose terms run at ganizations. They have also found least five consecutive months. their way into prisons, on ships of the . navy and in barracks of the soldiers. It is a condition precedent to re- ceiving the aid of the Fund that the people of the several communities Home Service Courses shall secure an amount equal to, or THE Union Theological Seminary greater than, that provided bv the. is offering special courses from Fund. .

January to May for students planning Every community ~rees to com- to engage in special types of Christian plete, equip and furmsh its school work. The aim of these courses is building within eight months after re-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

porting that it has qualified for aid Chicago Hebrew Mission, 1311 So. from the Fund. Kedzie Ave., Chicago, Ill.

To insure the protection of the Japanese Institute In Chicago property and to make the schools serve the broadest community inter- THERE are some five hundred Japests, Teachers' Homes should be pro- anese residing in or near Chicago, vided on the school ground. mostly young men. At least one-third of the number are students, who have At the close of every month the come to America with large· hopes State Department will be expected to and plans. The J apanese Young report to the General Field Agent any Men's Christian Institute provides a amount or amounts disbursed, with a place where these young men may restatement showing that the work has ceive a word of. encouragement, been inspected and approved by an friendly counselor even material asauthorized representative of the State sistance if needed. Many of these Department of Education. Thereup- young Japanese struggle with untold on the Fund will replenish its deposit hardships, and the Institute exists to in the amount disbursed. help them keep pure in heart, strong in mind and sound of body. Mr. The Southern Workman Misaki Shimadzu is in charge of the Institute. Jewish Evangelization in Chicago A"Jewish Negroes" THE reports given at the Annual REPRESENTATIVE of the Meeting of The Chicago Hebrew Jewish Forward is authority for Mission, held January 19th, were very the following account of a colored encouraging. During the past year Jewish center in New York City, with 11,722 personal calls were 'made upon members scattered all over the counthe Jews of Chicago, and 7,305 per- try. Their mission is to convince the sonal conversations held with them world that they, the Negroes, are the regarding their Saviour and Messiah. real Jews and that the white Jews are These resulted in the professed ac- usurpers. They claim that the Neceptance of Christ on the part of 44 groes are descendants of Esau, and Jews, and a number of Poles and therefore the real Jews, whom God other nationalities. During the year has chosen for His people. Because of there was a total attendance of 9,205 their long servitude the Negroes do children in the classes, clubs and Sun- not yet know their high estate, and the day-schools of the Mission, while a Lord has commanded twelve prophtotal of 35,000 adults and children ets to open the eyes of the colored were reported as attending the 192 to the secret which the sons of Jacob open air meetings conducted during have suppressed. As soon as all the the summer. Gospel meetings, moth- race learn that they are the real ers' meetings, and night classes were Chosen People the Messiah will come, held each week. probably not later than in 1925. The twelve apostles have initiated a com- The Book Store of the Mission has mune among themselves. All memdistributed during the past year, 3,012 bers of the Society, no matter where Bibles and Testaments, 61,431 Gos- they are, do some work. Everything pels and 562,410 tracts. In addition they earn they send in to the secreto that distributed in Chicago, litera- tary, and the twelve decide how much ture has been sent to 44 States and each one shall reserve for his or her 19 foreign countries, and there dis- expenses. They also decide where tributed by other Missions amJ by in- and how the members shall live and dividuals. Anyone desiring Testa- what they shall wear. The Society ments, gospels and tracts, either in also devotes it~elf to welfare work, English or Yiddish, for distribution among the Jews of their community, can secure them by writing Rev. Norman H. Camp, Superintendent of The

making no distinctions in color or land, was sent to Parliament protestreligion, their object being propa- ing against the mission as "derogaganda work. tory to the dignity and authority of the British Crown and a violation of The most interesting thing about the acknowledged Protestant constithese "real" Jews is that they believe tution of the realm; as being tantanot only in the Mosaic Law, but in mount to the recognition of the Pope Jesus Christ. as a temporal sovereign and the Pap- acy as occupying a position of equal- The Gospel by Caravan ity in matters of State with other powers; as a probable step toward TWO young Canadian women the resumption of permanent diplo- toured the province of Saskatche- matic relations with the Vatican wan and Alberta last summer in a motor caravan, which was equipped with * * * and, further, as being repugmattresses, cooking stove, tent, etc. They went 3,000 miles, visiting towns nant to the religious convictions and and going out to far off day schools patriotic sentiments of the vast maon the prairie. Fourteen districts and jority of the subjects of the realm." ten Sunday-schools were visited and The petition closed with an urgent demonstration classes held, also pic- appeal that the envoy be ~mmediately tures and books given to teachers and recalled. children. Five Sunday-schools were started in districts where there were Although this was not done, the no Sunday-schools. As there is no public was assured that this was Scripture teaching in the day schools merely a temporary appointment for in the two provinces, the children the duration of the war. In now anseemed to know nothing about the nouncing that this mission to the Vat- Life of Christ, and could not say the ican is to be continued, the Com- Lord's Prayer. mittee considers that the Government . Sixty children, who lived far away has not kept faith with the public. on the prairie, joined the Sundayschool by post. They will have les- Original Secession Magazine sons sent to them for each Sundav, which they will answer and have co~­ Independence for Scottish Y. W. C. A. rected. Twelve prairie day schools were visited, and Scripture lessons ON ACCOUNT of geographical, were given. Many Bible picture talks temperamental and ecclesiastical were arranged around the caravan, differences, the Scottish Council of to which children belonging to all de- the Young Women's Christian Assonominations came. It is hoped that a ciation last year drafted a proposal similar plan may be tried in some of for independence, and presented it to our western districts. the British National Council in Lon- don on May 20th. Partly as an out- EUROPE come of this request a conference of Scotland Protests against Envoy to English, Welsh and Scottish repre- sentatives met in London, October Vatican 19th, to discuss a plan of federation by THE Acting Committee of the which Scotland would be linked with Scottish Reformation Society, representing to a large extent the Prot- the Federal Council, and at the same estant sentiment of the country, has entered a vigorous protest against the time would have entire independence continuance of a British envoy at the in carrying on its own work along its Vatican. At the time this appointment was originally made, a petition, own lines. In pursuance of this plan, signed chiefly by the people of Scot- the Scottish Council has proceeded to draw up its own constitution. The work of the Association is being vig- orously pushed throughout Scotland, and revived interest in spiritual things is reported.

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The Finnish Mission Society stitution for Malta provides that all persons inhabiting the colony shall THE Finnish Mission Sodety main- have full. liberty of conscience and tains work in Africa and China, the free exercise of their respective as well as Jewish missions in Europe modes of religious worship, and that and home missions in Finland. The no person shall be subjected to any work in Amboland, southwest Africa, disability or excluded from holding has prospered as the field has widened. any office by reason of his religious Three evangelists have been commis- profession. Subject to this proviso sioned during the past year. After the people of Malta will be entirely the German missionaries were re- self-governing in matters of religion moved from Ukuanjama, the Finnish and will not be precluded from giving Society undertook the responsibility special recognition in education or of caring for the native congregations, otherwise to the religion of the overtraining teachers and continuing the whelming majority of the population." schools. Thirteen graduates are now at work among five different tribes. Evangelical Christendom As a result of the constant emigra.- AFRICA tion from Amboland to Herreroland, West Africa, the Finnish Mission has Educational Progress lost many members, but the Gospel has thereby been more widely spread. THE Africans of the western col- Rhenish missionaries provided even- onies and protectorates (Gambia, ing schools and devotional services Sierra Leone, Nigeria and Gold for about 10,000 Ambo immigrants in Coast) have combined to form a Herrerolancf, resulting in over 500 "Conference of West Africans," which baptisms in 1919. In the home sta- held its first meeting at Accra, the tions in Amboland, native Christians Gold Coast capital, in March, and are steadily striving for self-support. which. is likely to become a powerful instrument for consolidating African Finnish missionary work in China opinion and bringing it to bear efhas been seriously handicapped be- fectively on public questions. It passed cause of political conditions and the a number of resolutions of which difficulty of communication with the some of the most important urged the home land. Notwithstanding all necessity for a West African Univerdrawbacks, 188 converts were bap- sity which can give technical, industized the past year, and the native trial, scientific and professional trainchurch now numbers 1764. ing. Sir Harry Johnston is pressing for four African universities, namely, Religious Liberty in Malta one in West Africa (in Sierra Leone or the Kamerun), one in South Af- EFFORTS on the part of Roman rica (at Cape Town or Graham's Catholics are being made to secure Town), another in East Africa (at a declaration in the new Malta con- Zanzibar), and a fourth to be formed by giving Gordon College at Kharstitution that Roman Catholicism is tum the status of a university. the established religion of the island. It is known that the Government Missionary John Flazon of Malta wishes training in scienc'e and engiwrites encouragingly of the hope for neering to be given at Fourah Bay, but opposition to this sc,heme has been full religious liberty. On November expressed on the ground that it will 17, when the British Under Secretary produce theorists and not practical of State was asked in the House of engineers. Another important educa- Commons whether the new govern- tional movement is that for the better ment of Malta will have the power of training of African girls. conferring privileges on a particular church which are not enjoyed by C. M. S. Review other churches he replied: "Clause fifty-six of the draft Con-

Native Races and LIquor Trame W. C. Johnston was transferred to the Elat Presbyterian Church, he I T MAYbe reserved for Liberia to found that there was not only a fall- demonstrate to the African Contin- ing off in church attendance, but a ent what a dry republic can achieve. disposition to slip backward into The, new President has declared that heathen customs. The session decided "no consideration of the alleged ad- not to accept any new members, nor vantages occurring to the public rev- baptize any infants until they first deenue from the importation or local voted every effort to getting· the caremanufacture of alcoholic liquors less Christians into better form. At ought to weigh anything, in view of first the people were amazed, but soon the great evil which has been in the realized the meaning and necessity past, and is still being inflicted upon for such a move, and manifested a our country by their use." With the wholesome change of heart. advent of an enlightened and liberat· ing policy, together with the guidance A placard experiment was tried to of stich an able President, it is to be ensure promptness in church attendhoped that the liquor traffic in Liberia ance. Over the door was placed a will soon be a thing of the past. card reading "I am early." As soon as the service began the card was re- The action of the Dutch Reformed versed and the other side showed the Church in May, 1919, when they pro- one word "Shame." On the second nounced in favor of complete prohi- Sunday thereafter; only twenty-three bition with regard to the production, were late out of 1148. importation, and traffic in alcoholic liquors .is a marked feature of the MOSLEM LANDS fight now taking place in South Af- New AInerican University at Cairo rica against the proposals to increase facilities for obtaining liquor by col- THE launching of the new Amerored and native popUlations. ican University at Cairo has been attended by many gratifying and en- Life of Faith couraging features. Egyptians have universally welcomed the institution, Tbe Bible in Zande and 180 students applied for admis- sion. This number was finally sifted EIGHT years ago a party of Church down to 142, as the practical limit Missionary 'Society workers trav- of capacity for the first year. eled a thousand miles Up the White Nile above Khirtum, and then made The mission schools of Egypt entheir way three hundred miles through roll about 12% of Moslems in their swamps and forests to the Azande student body; the University enrolcountry, near the equator. At that ment is 75% Moslem. It was the time the Zande language had never hope of the founders to reach the been reduced to writing, and after future leadership of Egypt; an anmuch patient study the missionaries alysis of the present enrolment reveals made a vocabulary and grammar. In two sons of governors of Provinces, 1918, the Bible Society published St. three sons of mayors, four sons of Mark, and in 1920, St. Luke. These judges of the Superior Court and crude people, who had never seen a twenty-four sons of Pashas and Beys. single letter in print and at first held their books upside down, in about a Prayer is asked for the continued year had learned to read through the development of the University. gospel of Mark. Syrian Evangelists for Moslems l'ardiness Not Excused at Elat MR. CHARLES H. DANA, who AFRICAN Christians are not dif- is at the head of the Beirut Mis- ferent from many others in their sion Press, believes that· the Syrian· tendency to tardiness and irregular- race is the one to which the Chrisfian ity in church attendance. When Rev. world must look for the evangeliza- tion of Mohammedans. nne of the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

most effective ways of doing this, he New Zionist Orphange believes, is by educating and recruiting Syrians in the United States, who THE Zionist Commission has eswill return to preach the Gospel to tablished in Jerusalem a home for their neighbors. Several Syrian young men of ability have recently orphan children under two years of come to the United States to form a age. It is operated as a center for union which has this task for its cen- the education of mothers and girls tral purpose. and for the care of children. The plan includes branches throughout The freedom of the press from cen- Palestine where there are 4,500 Hesorship affords rich opportunity for brew war orphans, of whom 1,000 disseminating the Christian literature are in orphanges or in homes. so urgently needed in this new era. Dr. Zwemer once remarked that he Jewish Restoration ~fovement would never be satisfied until there is a regular air' service for the dis- THE re3toration of the Jews to tribution of tracts in Mohammedan their native land is well under lands. way. Now we are informed that a Jewish shipping company has been Kaiser's Land for Mission organized at Jaffa, with a capital of $1,250,000, to establish a Jewish mer- THE daily press reports that a chant marine for Palestine. This magnificent estate at Sivas, Tur- company will maintain passenger ser- vice between Jaffa, Constantinople, key, the property of the former Ger- Trieste, Odessa and other Black Sea man Emperor, has been deeded over ports as a means of transporting the to Miss Mary Louise Graffam, a mis- large number of immigrants crowdsionary of the American Board in ing in these ports on their way to the Asia Minor. This estate was ac- Holy Land. Freight service to stimquired by the German ruler in the ulate export and import trade is also era when German dreams of world planned, while a direct service is domination included the seating of contemplated with Liverpool for' the German dignitaries in all lands on a transportation of oranges from the scale befitting the representatives of rich groves near Jaffa. Other plans a dominant nation. It is not stated include the buying and selling of ships by what process the title to the estate and the erection of workshops for has fallen to Miss Graffam, but it is ship repairing. Hebrew will be the thought that pressure was exerted by official language used in the managethe Turks, who had come to have a ment of this company. high regard for her self-sacrificing service. At any rate,. she is now The whole country seems to be setmaintaining her orphanage on the tling down under the new regime and property, and has installed her indus- the first assembly of the Jews unanitrial schools comprising shops for car- mously passed a resolution favoring pentry, tailoring alld weaving. Be- happier relations between Jews and fore the war Miss Graffam's work Arabs, who are declared to be racincluded teaching algebra and Bible ially, linguistically and culturally rein the High School at Sivas and trig– lated. If this spirit holds sway, the ollometry in the teachers' college. She fear of friction between these two was church organist, mission treas- races will prove groundless. urer, director of relief work and itinerant missionary, and when the war Im>1A Am BURMA came she volunteered for service during the typhus epidemic, being made Nation," msslonary Council matron and head of the Red Crescent Hospital, an unsalaried worker, com- rpHE seventh annual Conference of mandeered as an alien enemy. .1 the National Missionary Council was held in Calcutta, November 11- 16. Representatives from Ceylon at-

tended for the first time and the mem- organized, but the results were most bership of the Council was increased encouraging. to fifty. There was a larger proportion of Indian members than hereto- The Fate of mndu Temples fore. Resolutions were passed regarding the admission of missionaries THE Wesleyan Methodist Missioninto India in response to a request of ary Society has issued its 106th the International Missionary Confer- annual report under the fascinating ence which met in Geneva last Aug- title "New Idyls of the King." The ust. The Government of India has report contains two striking incidents, classified all foreign missionaries as the first referring to the consecration recognized and unrecognized. To the of a Hindu temple to the Christian former belong all those whom the faith. "In Katnur in the Palladam Conference of Missionary Societies Taluk the whole village has renounced in the United Kingdom and the For- its idols and received the Christian eign Missions Conference of North faith. The temple, together with all America recommend. All such may the paraphernalia of Hindu worship, enter India without question. Others has been handed over to the Mission, must furnish credentials which the and the people, notwithstanding con- Government will accept. The Gov- siderable persecution and loss, are ernment, however, will work in co- most enthusiastic about the new operation with the National Mission- faith." ary Council, and except in rare cases will leave the matter to the discre- The other describes the work of tion of that body. some Hindu iconoclasts. In Kom- manur it was decided to make a clean Missionaries of alien enemv nation- sweep of idolatry: A procession ality cannot be admitted to india at went singing around the village and present. when they reached the place where foundations of an idol temple had Bible Selling Campaign been laid prayer was offered, after which one of the most influential of MISSIONARIES in India are at- the headmen with a crowbar began to taching more and more import- demolish the shrine, the younger men ance to Bible distribution. A recent working with a will as soon as he Scripture selling 'campaign in Cawn- gave the lead. It was impossible to pore revealed what can be done by complete the work in one day. So united effort, when the Union Zen- they contented themselves with deana Mission, the Presbyterian and the molishing the most significant part of Methodist Mission joined forces in the shrine. Then the crowd moved distributing Bibles at the meetings ar- on to the other temple, which was ranged for Sundar Singh. Within fully built. Again the headman led three days more than 1300 copies the way and the young men did the were sold, a result more noteworthy work after him. All signs and symfrom the fact that no pagan festival bols of idolatry were defaced and a was being held at the same time, for significant portion of the building was on such occasions sales are more thrown down. Since then both buildnumerous. Indian Christians and ings have been razed to the ground. missionaries went along the streets, spoke to people individually, in- Dnyanodaya quired whether they were .readers, and invited their attention' to the Systematic Evangelism Gospels. Often conversation began with individuals, and resulted I N THE Marathi Mission an evanin the coming together of small gelistic campaign is held once a year. crowds, among whom sales were Singing bands go out every day to rapid. The work was only partially different .places, and when a crowd assembles the Gospel story is told. This opens the. way to the sale of

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

many hundreds of Gospels and tracts. The total cost of supplying each leper At the evening service the people are with clothes, food, medicine and in- invited to meet and converse with the cidentals is about $4.00 a month. The Christians. Women ',workers carry maintenance cost of the Asylum and the message from house to house, and Home, except for part time salary of men gather audiences on the streets. the superintendent who is loaned by Each day begins with prayer, and re- the Presbyterian Mission, is borne by ports are made as to the number of the Mission to Lepers with headquar- listeners, Gospels sold, and striking ters in Dublin, Ireland. About 45% incidents. 'The week closes with a of the lepers are Christians.

procession through the principal streets. NHWB from Burma T 'The Gospel spreads its influence in HE last annual Baptist Convention and Missionary Conference was many ways. A group of Brahman youth at one time made the request of more than usual importance on for twenty-six copies of the Bible. account of being held in Mandalay When asked the reason for their re- which is the stronghold of Buddhism quest they said they were studying in Burma,' and therefore presented in the High School, Milton's "Para- abundant opportunity for Christian dise Lost," and there were so many' campaigning. In preparation, a week's references which they could not un- series of meetings and systematic derstand without referring to a Bible, home visitation. were carried on. they wished to have their own copies, The Burman is proud and stolid, though there was a large Bible in the and his religion and patriotism are school for reference. closely involved, so that results are dif- Twenty-five Years at Miraj Hospital fictdt to estimate.

For the Convention meetings a THE American Presbyterian Mis- bamboo "mandat" was constructed sion Hospital at Miraj completed seating 1500. The delegates were its twenty-fifth year of service in July, mostly from the two largest native 1919. A report just compiled for this Christian communities, but the hill first quarter century records a total tribes also sent representatives. The of 32,000 in-patients and 847,400 out- Kachins sent a group of two hun- patients who have been helped both dred, a striking testimony of mission- physically and spiritually. Five ary work opened to them thirty-nine branch dispensaries have been es- years ago; and a choir of twenty Lahu tablished. In the Medical School young men and women made another opened in 1907, seventy-three doc- interesting group. These last named tors have been trained, with thirty- were students from the Mission eight now in training. School at Kengtung, and had made Regular evangelistic services are 300 miles of the trip to Mandalay on held in the wards during the greater foot, the rest of the journey being cov- part of the year. The objective is to ered by train in two days. About demonstrate "the fact of Christ"- one-third of the Lahu race has been that mission hospitals are the result Christianized.

of His life and sacrifice, During the 'The further development of inde- twenty-five years, a self-supporting pendence in the native churches, was church with a membership of 150 has the central theme at this Conference.

grown up with the hospital. CIITNA Christ, the Hope of China The Miraj Leper Asylum was THE Canton Times recently deopened in the famine year 1900-1901 voted considerable space to the by Dr, W. J. Wanless, who has been with the Hospital throughout its history, and in 1918 a home for un- question, "What is China's Hope?"

tainted children of lepers was built. Various prominent men had been in-

terrogated on the subject and two of so are Christians always Christians the replies are typical. after having received baptism. I have' seen many persons join a Church and "Why do not the North and the have never seen anyone leave a South get together?" an official was Church. Not only so, but after one asked. "Can't you see that the divi- identifies oneself with a Church his sion of the two is injuring China in children and children's children all her world relations?" "I can tell yov become Christians at birth. If such in one word: 'Selfishness,' " he re- a state of affairs should continue, plied. "What is your solution?" The most of our people would become official answered: "I am convinced monks of this new type by heritage. that nothing can save China but re- The influence of Christianity in the ligion." West is decreasing from the 100th degree to zero, but in China it is in- A merchant of Tientsin was asked a creasing in the reverse order, from similar question and he responded: zero to the,IOOth degree. So, in ad- "I am not a Christian and I am too vocating democracy, we must try to old ever to become one; but I am spread popular education, reconstruct thoroughly convinced that nothing art, and at the same time lessen the but Christianity can save my country. influence of religion. There are many If Christianity does not save us, China now who, in their promotion of the is lost." new culture, also help to promote the new superstition; and so Christianity Pro!' Chen of the Government Uni- becomes a vital problem of to-day." versity at Peking is not a Christian, but in his recently contributed article Let Americans take notice that the in The New Young Man, China's conversion of one such student, and most influential non-Christian mag- the example of practical Christianity azine, he declared : "We do not need at home bears a geometrical ratio to to ask teaching of theology, and will the winning of China for Christ. not trust to any ecclesiastical cere- monies, nor do we need to emphasize Missionary Growtb at Sbnntefu any sect; we will go direct and knock at the door of Jesus Himself. We EIGHTEEN years ago the Presbywill ask that we may become one with terian Foreign Board opened a His lofty and great character and new station in North China at with His warm and deep feeling." Shuntefu. Today in the city proper and in the five out-stations there are Malaysia Message six churches and chapels, with about 1200 members and adherents. The Pagan PaniC country evangelistic work the past year has covered four counties and. A N ARTICLE written by a Chinese reached 80,000 souls with street preaching and lantern lectures. Eight . student now in America recently classes for men and sixteen for woappeared in the China Times and was men have been held for intensive intranslated for the Chinese Recorder. struction. Connected with Shuntefu The following is an 'extract from the Station there are eight day schools article: and two boarding schools, one for boys and one for girls. The boys of "The influence of Christianity is in- the boarding school conduct a night creasingly felt in China. Those who school for those who would otherwise embrace the old superstitions, with have no instruction. the exception of monks, priests and nuns, can renounce their religion In addition to treatment of inand regain their freedom at any time. patients in the Hugh O'Neill Memorial But those who accept the new super- hospital for men and the Grace Talstition must submit to a rite of initia- cott Hospital for women, more than tion. After having received baptism one becomes a Christian. Just as the Buddhist monks eternally are monks after having been burned on the head,

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seven thousand out-patients were ages from temple to temple, believtreated during the year. The Nurses' ing that in this way she would merit Training School is giving instruction the best of blessing in the life to come. to a number of young women who Every day she tramped many miles will be able to render Christian serv- and at night took the worst accommoice among the thousands who need dations she could find, helped each their ministry. Daily preaching and beggar she saw and took every opteaohing for ward patients is con- portunity of striking the temple bell, ducted by the hospital evangelists. but as the years went on, this and turn- ing the prayer-wheel became too much Christian Literature Society for her waning strength. Recently she tried even more dangerous places THE Christian Literature Society of ascent, feeling that the merit for China is now in its thirty- heaped up in her seventy years was fourth year. The thirty-third annual very near. In one of the temples the meeting of the Society was held Nov- stairs that led to the top were rickety, ember 26, in Shanghai: at which steep and dirty and she must have Bishop Lambuth and Mr. David Yui, trodden on a rotten piece of board. General Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. At any rate, she fell from the top to were among the speakers. The forma- bottom, and knew nothing until she tion of the Christian Publishers' As- found them treating her head in the sociation, which includes representa- hospital. Her way into the "Day of tives from the C. L. S. and seventeen Joy and Light" was long and weary, other publishing organizations, regis- but at last she found it and was ters progress in practical cooperation baptized. in the matter of production and distribution of Christian literature. Six For one short year the old lady thousand missionaries are at work in went about seeking by every means over six hundred stations in China, to lead others into the truth. She and alI are in need of helpful litera- had not much left to give and often ture. Whereas China's reading pub- said: "Over fifty years to Buddha, and lic of the past generation cared not only one short year to Christ!" how old a book might be it never grew out of date, with young China,' After her death it was found sh~ only a constant stream of fresh litera- had left the residue from her temple ture has an appeal. In order to mea- spendings to the hospital where she sure up to the spirit of the times the had found healing and light. Society in its forward look proposes among other aims: Cheerful Giving To enconrage indigenous production of ABOUT two years ago the China literature as an ideal to be kept in mind. Inland Mission Chapel. at Taih- sing collapsed, and those who were To appoint more Chinese on its direc- present at the time had a marvelous torate. escape from death. The building fund on hand was not sufficient to replace To take a more active part in the China the chapel, and the workers have been for Christ Movement. waiting and praying. Last year, Mrs. Wang, one of the oldest members of To urge non-contributing Boards for South Gate Mission and a widow, grants of men and money and above all asked the privilege of saying a few words after the service. Walking up To emphasize insistently the funda- to the platform she laid four bundles mental truths of the Gospel in all it~ of copper cash on the table and told literature. how she had sold her little property for 65,000 cash. Then one night the A Wasted Life Redeemed house in which she was staying fell in, and although several tiles fell on THE story is told of an aged Bud- dha worshipper who was brought to a mission hospital in Hangchow, suffering from a serious wound in the head. This woman had given the best years of her life to incessant pilgrim-

her she was quite uninjured. In her churches, eleven groups and eighteen wonder she suddenly remembered how meeting places with a total of about the Taihsing Chapel had collapsed 500 Christians. China is looking on and how God had protected the peo- with great interest in this growing ple from injury, and at once resolved work of a nation materially and nato give a tenth of her sale price to tionally weak. the work of rebuilding the Chapel. This gift has been the means of stim- JAPAN-CHOSEN ulating others to contribute, and the work is now assured. Christian Healing in Pyengyang Work for Women in Wenchow A SERIES of evangelistic meetings was held in Pyengyang, Korea, WENCHOW, the southern pre- throughout last November. Rev. C. fecture in Chekiang Province, F. Bernheisel writes of the very rehas a peculiarly difficult dialect, not markable results from the work of the visiting evangelist, Rev. Kim Ik-tu. understood in any other part of China. Prayer meetings lasting an hour were held every morning at six o'clock, at- One result is seen in the very large tended by fully two thousand people, and the interest in all the meetings percentage of illiteracy among the was sustained throughout the entire series. Mr. Bernheisel says that alwomen, and it was with a view to though he has been a resident of this storm center of Christianity for twenhelping them that Bible Schools for ty years he has never witnessed such scenes before. Mr. Kim is a gradu- . women were started some years ago. ate of the theological seminary at Pyengyang and has been for some The aim is to have a Bible School in years pastor at Sinchun.

each of the twelve districts mapped A few years ago his mother was ill and being a firm believer in the out, but this aim is not yet realized. power of prayer he made special in- tercession for her and she was sud- These Schools, which are of ten days' denly healed. It confirmed his faith in the power and willingness of God duration, are held in the country to hear prayer for the sick and he began to pray for other afflicted ones chapels to enable the women of the and time and time again they were healed in a way that was nothing surrounding villages to come. At one short of miraculous. Requests began to come in for him to go to other place, out of a total of sixty, more places and hold meetings, and wher- ever he went there were reported healthan twenty were church members, ings. His fame grew and he has spent the most of his time the last two six or seven were inquirers, twenty years in holding evangelistic serv- ices in various parts of the country. were interested in learning more of During the meetings at Pyengyang the sick and afflicted came long before the Bible while a few came out of morning in order to get front posi- tions near the pulpit. After the hour mere curiosity. Near the close of of prayer Pastor Kim called for those suffering from certain diseases to each course, an anti-foot binding show their hands. He then offered prayer, next he called for' the hands meeting is held. . of those afflicted with certain other Six of these Schools were held during the last half year, with a total attendance of 229, in addition to which there have been four weekly Bible classes for city women.

Korean Mission Assigned Territory T HREE Korean pastors in charge of a mission to Chinese in Shantung are supported entirely by Kor- ~an churches. The missionary bodies of Shantung assigned a territory 80 by 250 Ii to the Korean missionaries as their exclusive field, and have transferred all property and equip- ~ent to them, with the hearty approval of the Chinese. The population of the territory allotted is about 1.40,000 and has five organized

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

diseases, again offering prayer, and What a Westerner Stands For so on through the list of diseases. REV. C. P. HOLMES, Canadian He does not attempt laying on of Methodist missionary at Fukui. hands, but prays for the sufferers col- tells of an interesting experience when lectively. After several days had thus mile!! out of the city. A long line of passed he called for testimonies from public school children were out for those who· had been healed. Mr. a walk under the direction of their Bernheisel records a few of the best teachers. As they passed, the chil- attested and outstanding cases. dren called out various remarks, some One man who. had had no use of complimentary and others far from his left arm and was for some months such, but in the middle of the line unable to tie his belt exhibited before some twenty or more began to sing the audience his perfect use of the "Jesus Loves Me, This I Know."

arm and his ability to tie his belt. They had been in Sunday-school A thirteen-year-old child, deaf from somewhere and the missionary re- birth, during the time prayer was be- minded them of it. Another day a ing offered for him, felt as it were small boy in the'street of Fukui said .the air going into his ears and is now to him, "Jesus, lend me your tennis able to hear. He was brought to the net." To many of these children, platform and proved his ability to the Westerner is a synonym for Jesus hear. Christ.

One girl of thirteen, bedfast for two years. is now able to walk and proved ISLANDS it by walking across the platform in HIstoric Herrnbut the presence of the congregation. ST. THOMAS is one of the islands This girl is personally known to Pas- of the Virgin group, now owned tor: Kim Sun-du of the West Gate by the United States. Sixty years Church .who vouched for the truth before Carey, and what is usually of this case. called the birth of modern missions, the Moravian Church, under the lead- One man deaf for 27 years and un- ership of Count Zinzendorf, sent out able to walk now both hears and two of their number to minister to walks. the wretched and ill-treated slaves on this island, and in 1737 purchased a Not all who came were cured and "farm of sixty-nine acres, now known possibly some thought they were cured when they were not, but many as New Hermhut. The quaint old genuine cures were effected. Pastor church, built in the same year, stands Kim disclaims any power within him- to this day, and in it the pastor, a self to heal, and humbly gives all the black man, holds services every week. praise to God.

The membership numbers about 150.

Picturing the Light of the Gospel DR. SAMUEL D. PRICE, who at- Large Plans for Malaysia tended the World Sunday School Convention, says that the Japanese I N BORNEO there is still headare exceedingly fond of the "movies," hunting and one finds there the but most of the films shown in cherry lowest levels of savagery known in blossom land are of the "blood and the earth. Almost one hundred per thunder" type. During the Conven- cent of the millions of Java are iltion week a Biblical picture, "The literate. Their women are inexpres- Good Samaritan," owned by Bishop sibly debased. A circle around Sing- Welch of Seoul, was shown with verv apore with a radius of 1,200 miles marked effect. Bishop Welch is stii! would take in a population of over using this picture in Japan, with tell- 50,000,000, yet in that area there is ing results in his work. not one school of college grade. The Methodist Centenary provides for such a college. The Dutch Govern-

ment has promised three dollars out 2,194 Associations with a member- of every four needed to build a ship of over 868,800. chain of Christian hospitals in Java, Sumatra and West Borneo. Ten of 841 buildings owned by Associathese hospitals are provided for in tions, valued with other property at the Centenary promises, and one of over $128,000,000. them has been built. 85,106 laymen, serving as Y. M. GENERAL C. A. Committeemen.

Vatican and Y. M. C. A. 5,173 secretaries, employed to carry out the Association program of serv- THE Vatican decree against the ice.

. Young Men's Christian Associa- A Jew's Testimony tion asking the bishops of the Catholic Church to "watch an organization I T IS reported that the president of which, professing absolute freedom the Boston Chamber of Commerce of thought in religious matters, in- who is a Jew recently made the folstils indifferentism and apostasy to lowing statement: the (Roman) Catholic religion in the minds of its adherents," has called "You may be astonished to hear forth strong denial that the Associa- me, a Jew, say this, but in my opinion tion seeks to apostasize any man from we stand before two alternativeshis religious belief. It has' been either anarchy or Jesus Christ." douDted in some Catholic quarters that the Pope specifically mentioned To Regulate Marriage and Divorce the Y. M. C. A., but cable dispatches confirm the fact. This decree shows AN ORGANIZATION has been that the Pope is not reckoning with formed in the Protestant Episcothe spirit of true Christianity, and will pal Church entitled "The Society for react against the Vatican and its hold Upholding the Sanctity of Marriage," on the obedience of liberally-minded with Rev. Milo H. Gates, D.D., as Catholic laymen in America. President. The principles of the Society are: Evidence is not lacking that when the Y. M. C. A. was under criticism 1. Complete loyalty to the teaching of at the close of the war members of. our Lord, as witnessed by Holy Scripture the Knights of Columbus, acting un- and the universal voice. of the Primitive der clerical authority, had under- Churcb, testifying to the indissoluble chartaken a systematic campaign to dis- acter of the marriage bond, "till death." credit the efficiency of the Y. M. C. A. in its war work. The recently report- 2. Allowance of legal separation for ed order from the Pope is an exten- sufficient and weighty cause, but with sion of the same spirit of intolerance. no right of remarriage for either inno- cent or guilty party. Facts about the "Y" 3. Allowance for annulment for cause ALTHOUGH Young Men's Chris- preceding marriage, as in the case of tian Association work has been sexual impotence, imbecility, fraud, etc. established in more than two thousand communities in the United States and 4. The duty of studying these princi- Canada, fourteen hundred towns of ples, and making them and their reasons 5000 or more have not yet had the known in private and in pUblic. and by service of the "Y," while thousands the use of the press so far as opportuuity of smaller places need its program. admits. Since the first Y. M. C. A. was organized in 1851 in Boston there has A campaign of education is sugbeen a steady advance until there are gested along the following lines: today in North America. I. Letters, addresses, sermons, and ar- ticles in Church and secular papers.

II. The printing for free distribution of brief papers on such subjects as the fol- lowing: 1. "The Mind of Christ" concerning Marriage, and His supposed exception.

2. History of Marriage in the Church. East and West.

3. The Cruelty of Divorce Legislation versus the "Cruelty" of no Re-marriage.

4. The Statistics of Divorce in America as compared with Other Lands.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

5. The Effect of Divorce in the Roman Spain, Czecho-Slovakia, and the Phil- Empire and in Modern Pagan Nations. ippines report fifty-one evangelists, all of whom are supported by the Board, 6. Marriage from the Standpoint of except in Czecho-Slovakia, where Am- Sociology and Physiology. erican support is only partial. Sum- ming up the replies received to date, 7. The Influence of Woman in Society. of the 634 workers reported 268 are supported by the Board. These fig- Divorce data just compiled for ures indicate the progress made in 1916 tell a tragic tale. Forty Amer- developing initiative and responsibility ican counties, scattered through six- in the native church. teen states, show a divorce rate of over 300 per 100,000 population. Missionary Herald. Six counties had more divorces than marriages. In New Hampshire, Smne Bible Statistics where one might expect to find con- servatism, the rate was more than UP TO the end of 1919, the Word double that of Japan for the same of God has been printed in 713 year. languages and dialects, counting com- Missionary Qnestionnaire plete single books of the Bible. The Whole Bible has been printed in 159 I N ORDER to find how far the languages, the New Testament in 138 graduates of mission schools were more. The three largest producers being used in evangelistic work, a and distributors are the British and questionnaire was sent some months Foreign Bible society, the National ago to each of the 114 stations of the Bible Society of Scotland and the American Board. The following American Bible Society. The year among others were asked: "How 1919 was a lean year, but its figures many native evangelists are you us- are tabulated below: ing? How many are supported out of appropriations from the Board? A. B. S…….. . Bibles Issues How many through special grants B. F. B. S…. . from friends in America or other N. B. S. S…… . 354,387 . Total Christian countries?" 692,594 3,752,309 34,515 The Zulu Branch of the South Af- 8,746,963 rica Mission reports twenty-one evan- 2,154,192 gelistic workers, with only one supported by the Board. The majority 1,081,496 14,653,464 are supported by the native churches themselves. The Rhodesia Branch re- While no complete figures are obports at least ten in evangelistic work, tainable it is rro exaggeration to say only one supported out of the Board's that since the art of printing became treasury. West Africa has about 150 general, no fewer than 600,000,000 evangelistic workers, the bulk of them copies of the Bible, in whole or in being supported oy the native part, have been printed and circulated. churches; only twenty by regular appropriations of the Board. The Mar- Jewish Population of the World athi Mission of India, which makes a fairly full report, records ninety-three THE American Israelite has pubevangelistic workers, thirty-six of lished a calculation of the number whom are supported by the Board. of Jews in the world. The details are Ceylon has twenty-six, eight of whom as follows: are supported by the Board. North China, with two stations unreported, Poland, 3,300,000. names 131 evangelists, of whom thir- Ukraine, 3,300,000. ty-six are supported by the Board. U. S. A., 3,100,000. Seven out of twelve stations in Japan Russia, 900,000. report thirty, of whom eighteen are Roumania, 650,000. supported by the Board. Mexico, Germany, 540,000. Hung-ary, 450.000. Czecho-Slovakia, 450,000. British Isles, 300,000. Austria, 300,000. Lithuania, 250,000.

Jugo- Slavia, 200,000. At the Eddy Meetings Africa (excluding Morocco, Tunis aud AT ONE of the after meetings in Algeria) , 170,000. Egypt, Dr. Eddy with vigorous di- rectness illustrated men's failure to France, 150,000. accept God's free gift of salvation. Algeria and Tunis, 150,000. Holding up his closed fist he said: "I Arabia, 130,000. have one pound (five dollars) in my hand. I am going to give it to any Greece, 120,000. one who will come up front and get Holland, 110,000. it. How many believe I have a pound. in my hand?" Canada, 100,000. Turkey, 100,000. Two or three young men got to Palestine 100,000. their feet. To one, a boy of about sixteen, he said, "Do you believe I Australia, 20,000. have a pound in my hand?" Other European countries, 200,000. Other AsiatIc countries, 100,000. "Yes." "Do you believe I will give it to Other American countries 30,000. you?" In all, nearly fifteen and a half millioI}s. "Yes." "All right, come up and get it." Bnddhists Acknowledge the Bible's Worth A round of applause followed as the boy took the money. MISSIONARIES have more than "Now," said Dr. Eddy, to the once discovered Scripture truths others, "why didn't you get that freely quoted in Buddhist sermons, money? There are three reasons: Some of you didn't believe I had any but without quotation marks, making money in my hand. Some of you be- lieved, but you were ashamed to come the words of Paul stand out with new forward to get it. Others were just meaning. "In every way, whether in ready to come but you hesitated. For the same reasons you do not receive pretence or in truth, Christ is pro- the salvation that Christ offers.

claimed." A few years ago a mis- United Presbyterian sionary who visited a Buddhist temple OBITUARY was presented by the caretaker with William Baker of Ireland a book containing selections he had compiled from the sacred books of MR. WILLIAM BAKER, honor- ~ry director of the Bamado Buddha. The volume was found to Homes, died November 17, in his sevcontain the whole of the Sermon on enty-second year. As member of the Homes' Council and Finance Comthe Mount, but with no credit given mittee, Mr. Baker served the Institu- tion for eighteen years until the death as to its source. of the founder in 1905, when he be- caQ1e Dr. Barnardo's successor, and Life and Light consolidated the work begun by him. At the time of Dr. Bamardo's death Baptist vs. Roman Catholics 60,000 children had been supported and educated for a fair start in life. DR. E. Y. MULLINS thus describes Today the records show a total of the distinction between Baptists 90,000.

and Roman Catholics:. Democracy versus autocracy; indiv- idual versus a closed ecclesiastical systern; regeneration by the Holy Spirit versus regeneration by baptism; the direct relation of the soul to God versus the indirect; believer's baptism versus infant baptism; the priesthood of all believers versus a priesthood who are custodians of divine grace; the New Testament versus tradition and an infallible pope; personal faith versus proxy faith. In a word, Christ and His free salvation on the one side and the Church and its sacramental salvation on the other. There is no middle ground. Baptists are right or Catholics are right.

Watchman E%aminer

MISSIONARY

The Christian Movement in Japan-in- work for Koreans in Shantung, cluding Korea and Formosa. 8vo. China, is also in charge of Korean 377 pp. $2.75. Conference of Fed- missionaries. erated Missions, Japan, and 25 Mad- ison Avenue, New York. The statistics (in the pocket) are not separated as they should be to The eighteenth annual issue of this show Korean as distinct from J apan- ese work. They show 1096 foreign volume is filled with the usual valu- missionaries in Japan and Korea, and 4D in Formosa. Roman Catholics reable information on the Japanese Em- pire and missions there. The gen- eral review of the year is by Rev. H.

W. Meyers and is tersely and force- ported 452 missionaries in 1916. It fully given. The important position' is instructive to note that of the 3768 of Japan, the outbreak in Korea, the Japanese employed by the missions, position of Japan in Siberia, the re- less than one-half are professing lation of Japan to America, the dem- Christians. ocratic mpvement, sabotage, reform movements and the growth of the Of organized churches there are in Church are especially treated. Then follow the usual sections dealing with Japan and Kore!, 1173, of which 327 various types of evangelism, with ed- are wholly self-supporting. In For- mosa, there are 51 churches and 7286 full communicant members. The to- ucation, literature, young people's tal Protestant Christian constituency in the Japanese Empire is reported as work and social service. Some of 104,134, or one-seventh of one per cent of the population. Roman and these chapters are especially interest- Greek Catholics number a little more than the Protestants. ing and valuable, as for example, The Reminiscences of Daniel Bliss. those on Village Work, by Mrs. G. Edited and supplemented by his P.Pierson and W. M. Vories; Jap- eldest son. 111us. 259 pp. New York: Fleming H. Revell Comanese Immigrants and the Gospel, by pany. $2.25. 1920.

Miss Topping; and Saving Girls, by The founder and long time presivarious writers. . onIy ' F onnosa is represented III SIX pages by reports from the North and these are not adequate, especially in view of the fact that it is the fiftieth dent of the Syrian Protestant Col- anniversary of the founding of the lege in Beirut is here portrayed Canadian Mission. The hospital has most commendably. Dr. Bliss was been dosed because of the absence of born in Georgia, Vermont, in 1823 the doctors. Information is very and died in his Beirut home in fragmentary. 1916. The nearly ninety-three Korea is presented in 150 pages, years that intervened are recounted dealing with evangelistic, educational, very largely in the words of Dr.

medical, social and literature work. Bliss himself, with lesser additions Koreans are doing effective foreign by his wife and eldest son. He mission work among the one million states that while he was called Koreans in Manchuria and Siberia, President of the Syrian Protestant where they, allready have thirty College and professor of the Bible self-supporting Christian churches. and Ethics, he might more truth- "Wherever a Christian goes," says fully be styled "the Professor of Dr. George McCune, "he is the nu- Story Telling,"-a characterization deus of a church. He sets up a fam- which the reviewer happily remem- ily altar, and soon his home becomes bers to be warranted from the ex- the church of the community." The perience of a long railway journey . 251

made memorable by the doctor's nent men of his time in Britain and unique experiences narrated most America, from President Lincoln, fascinatingly. the Archbishop of Canterbury, lit- erary men and titled nobility, to His early years reveal a sturdy American philanthropists and per- hoy and youth, enduring hardness sons of influence in church and like a good soldier, upright and an state. This maker of Syria and advocate of the best things, and, Christian prophet, who lived in the despite the limitations of irksome Moslem world, is made to live be- tasks and of the later tanner's fore us, just as Dr. Bliss's statue trade, leading on to schools and in marble was evolved by a noted Amherst College and Andover I talian sculptor and was used as Seminary life. Working his way a text of all character and soul did not so engross his energies growth by the recipient before an that he failed to obtain an educa- audience in the College which he tion, though he entered the higher had made. How many men of institutions later than most stu- ninety-three have looked back upon dents and had too little time for so fruitful a life as Daniel Bliss of play and the lighter side of life. Syria?

At the close of 1855 he and Mrs. Letters of Javanese Princess. By Bliss left America on a 300-ton Raden Adjeng Kartini. Translated sailing ship for their new home and from the Dutch by Agnes L. Sym- life work in Syria, arriving in mers. 8vo. 310 p. $4.00 net. Al- Beirut in the following Feb- fred A Knopf. New York. 1920. n~ary. The first six years were given to ·.language study and Princess Kartini, the young daughthe earlier planning on the beautiful western slopes of Mt. Leb- ter of a Javanesee Regent, who was anon, where in academy teaching he began to evolve the later shut up in the high-walled palace, ·but college. Then came four strenuous longed for the freedom and light and years spent at home and in Great work of modern civilization, finally Britain in establishing the College managed to break the bonds of anand gathering funds for its de- cient custom, to lift the veil of secluvelopment. For thirty-six years he sion, and to step forth into a life of was active president of the institu- service. In spite of parental opposition where he saw its students in- tion and Moslem prejudice, she crease from sixteen to more than opened a school for the daughters of six hundred. Then for fourteen Regents, chose her own husband years he was president emeritus, (contrary to ancient custom), and with his son Howard nobly follow- lived happily until her death cut short ing the traditions of his aged her career. father. Princess Kartini's letters are really There is little in this volume charming productions that reveal the that is technically valuable to the soul and mind of a Javanese woman. educator, but there is much that They also show the early training, one would wish to find in the the home life and customs that are story of a life and a College whose hidden from foreign view. Missionmain objectives were the develop- aries to Java will find here a book ment of Christian character out of worth reading, and others will find the varied racial constituency of it interesting in its revelations. the Levant. There is also much of deep interest concerning lovely Finding the Way Out. An autobiogra- Lebanon, the awful atrocities of llhy. By Robert R. Moton. 8vo. the 1860 massacres, Dr. Bliss's 296 pp. $2.50. Doubleday, Page & Co. New York. 1920. multitudinous contacts with promi- The successor of Booker T. Wash- ington as Principal of Tuskegee In- (Continued on page 253)

MISSIONARY LIBRARY 2.53

(Continued from page 252) Filling the Gap stitute is evidently a man of character caused by the passing on of Dr. J. and ability. His life story is as full of interest as that of his predecessor. Wilbur Chapman and Mr. Charles Major Moton's father was a slave, M. Alexander is the task of the and the son, Robert, was born in 1867 Pocket Testament League. ::::.: . "" on a Virginia plantation. He learned much as house boy, and from his white The work of Dr. Chapman and friend, the son of his father's em- Mr. Alexander in connection with ployer. Robert's early education was the League must not be allowed to in the Bible; he went out to work in languish-the League must attain a lumber camp at thirteen years of even a wider and more potent in- age and attended a district school at fluence in the world. intervals. At eighteen, when he was leader of his church choir, superin- YOU CAN HAVE A PART in tendent of the Sunday-school and this great work-can help to put ready to be a deacon, he. went to the Word of God into the lives as Hampton Institute, where he later well as the pockets of j:eople be~ame disciplinary officer. throughout the world. Contribute to the Chapman-Alexander Memo- The Church and Industrial Reconstruc- rial Fuud or help actively by dis- tion. Edited by the Committee on tributing Testaments yourself. the War and the Religious Out- look, Wm. Adams Brown, Chair- Write for information today man. 8vo. 296 pp. $2.00. Associa- tion Press, New York. 1920 The Pocket Testament League Naturally, the world war has Incorporated brought world unrest in the industrial as well as in the social and political 156 Fifth Avenue world. This Report is a careful study NEW YORK of the situation in the industrial world. After a preliminary statement con- Montgomery Ward &Co. cerning the Christian interest in and approach to industrial problems, the MISSIONARY BUREAU Report take up the Christian ideal for society; unchristian aspects in the Chicago, U.S.A. present order; the Christian attitude toward the whole system; the Christ- has made a specialty or service to Mission- ian method of social betterment; steps aries in foreign lands for over 25 years. to be taken toward a more Christian Our Missionary Bureau will gladly fnmish industrial order; what individuals can information, and assist you in assembling, . do, and what the Church can do. The packing, and shipping your overseas eCjuip- appendices deal with history and bib- ment. You save money by taking advant- liography on the subject. age of our low carload freight rates. Before planning your OVerseaS outfitting write Major Moton is a strong character, for our MISSIONARY CIRCULAR and and understands both the Negro and large CATALOGUE of genera1merchan- the white man. His work at Tuske- dise sent free with gee has proved to be of high order. While this volume is not as distinct PRICES GREATLY REDUCED a contribution to the understanding of the Negro problem as is Booker Prices are reduced on nearlY all lines. On Washington's "Up From Slavery," many items our 1921 prices are more than it is an interesting study in Negro one-third below 1920 catalogue prices. Our development, and reveals the possi- catalogue will give you the lowest prices bilities of a high type of pure blooded obtainable on high quality merchandise. African. We guarantee safe delivery of our merchandise .

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Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE }VOR~D in wrltln, to advertisers NEW BOOKS The Future The Gospel of W orId Brotherhood Ac- cording to Jesus. By John Clifford. Holds- 159 pp. $0.75. Geo. H. Doran Co., :~~~n;-~~i New York. 1920. The following rare among the many worthwhile articles which will appear in The Call to Unity By William T. Mancoming issues of ning. 12mo. 162 pp. $2.00. The Mac- miIlan Company, New York. 1920.

The Missionary Situation After the War. By ]. H. Oldham.. 62 pp. $0.30. Com- mittee . of Reference and Counsel, 25 Madison Ave., New York. 1920.

Tutors Unto Christ. Introduction to the Study of Religions. By Alfred E. Gar- vie. 250 pp. 4 s. 6 d. Milford, Lon- don. 1920.

THE MISSIONARY Primitive Society. By Robert H. Lowie. 463 pp. $3.00. Boni & Wright, New ~~WORLD York. 1920.

Adventures in Chinese Turkestan Everybody's World. By Sherwood By G. W. Hunter Eddy. 8vo. 273 pp. $1.60. George H. Doran. N ew York. 1920. Examples of Japanese Christians By George Gleason Quiet Talks About Life After Death. By S. D. Gordon. 12mo. 197 pp. $1.25. Evangelism in Hospitals in India Fleming H. Revell, N ew York 1920. By W. J. Wanless A Castaway in Kavirondo. 132 pp. 2 s. Church Missionary Society. London. 1920.

The Mexicans in the United States The Book of a Chinese Baby. By Mary By Rodney W. Roundy Entwistle 59 pp. I s. 6 d. United Council for. Missionary Education, The Unfinished Task in America Edinburgh. 1920. By Various Authors Yarns of the Near East. By Basil Missions and World Betterment Mathews. 80 pp. 1 s. United Coun- By Various Authors cil for Missionary Education, Edin- burgh. 1920. An African Pioneer By Jean McKenzie Pearl's Secret. By Mrs. Jioward Taylor. 85 pp. 2 s. 6 d. Morgan & Scott, These and other articles will help you in London. 1920.

preparing missionary programs and ad- The New Jerusalem. By Gilbert K. . Chesterton. 307 pp. $3.00. George H. dresses and mission study classes Doran. New York. 1921. W'lI Y I·OU introduce the REV lEW to others? Ten them of the good Gotama Buddha. By Kenneth Saunders. 113 pp. $1.50. Association P,ress, New things to come York. 1920.

Sample copy sent on request Star in the East. By E. N. Harris. 223 pp. $1.75. Fleming H. Revell, Missionary Review of tbe World New York. 1920.

156 Fifth Avenue The Near Side of the Mexican Ques- tion. By Jay S. Stoweil. 123 pp. $1.50. New York City George H. Doran. New York. 1920.

Frontier Folk By L. A. Starr. 96 pp. 4 s. 6 d. Church Missionary Society, London. 1920. PJcue mention TUB MISSIONA:RY REV1~W 0" TUB WOJU.D in writlnlr to advertisers

AND BUSINESS

CHAT –WANTED— ( Continued from page 171) A WOMAN MISSIONARY Home Missions received a report of their physician to take charge of a Woman's special committee cooperating with the Hospital in Central India. This hospital is "Review," and on recommendation of the doing the only medical and surgical work for Business Committee passed resolutions re- women of that District. appointing members to act on the Editorial Council as usual, and also appointing a A Missionary Teacher for a Girls' Boardspecial committee to cooperate in plans ing School in Shanghai, China. One who for strengthening the "Review" and ex- has had a few years of teaching experience tending its influence. The members of this preferred. Subjects-Bible and English. special committee from the Home Missions Council are Dr. Charles L. White, Execu- A Missionary Teacher for a Girls' Boardtive Secretary of the American Baptist ing School in Yokohama, Japan. Snbjects- Home Mission Society, Dr. John A. Mar- Bible and English for Grammar and High quis, Secretary of the Presbyterian Board School grades. Three Americans and twelve of Home Missions, Dr. Henry Beets, Christian Japanese are on the Facu1ty and Secretary of the Board of Foreign Mis- 200 students are enrolled. Of last year's sions of the Christian Reformed Church entering class of sixty, only eight are from and Mr. W. T. Demarest, Secretary of the Christian homes. Board of Domestic Missions of the Reformed Church in America. From the Correspondence regarding these positions Council of Women for Home Missions should be addressed to Mrs. F. H. Marston, were appointed Mrs. Philip M. Rossman, Candidate Secretary. Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, Miss Florence E. Quinlan and Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff. Woman's Union Missionary Society These committees have met jointly and 67 Bible House prepared a letter which has been sent to the NEW YORK CITY Boards with recommendations which it is hoped will receive favorable consideration. These recommendations, if adopted, will materially help to strengthen the financial position of the "Review," and will greatly extend its influence.

ANNUAl, MEETING oJ! THE REVIEW The Annual Meeting of the Missionary YOU CAN STAY AT HOME Review Publishing Company was held on and February 10th at 156 Fifth Avenue, New PREACH THE GOSPEL TO MOHAMMEDANS York The meeting was well attended by through stockholders, representing 269 votes, and The American Christian Literature by friends of the "Review.' The Treas- Society for Moslems urer's report showed the largest income (Incorporated In 1915 in our history-$32,21O.24-and expenses This Society is Interdenominational. Committees of Missionaries Cooperate on amounting to $42,617.85, The increase in the Fields. expense is due to large increase in manu- The Literature is Adapted to Moslems. The Messages are Thoroughly Evangelica1. facturing costs. . The Tracts are Printed Attractively. They go where no Missionaries are allowed. The Secretary's report called attention They can he read in secret and repeatedly. to the growth in the influence of the "Review," and the large amount of valuable Many Moslems have been converted through tracts. material published during the year. The Home and Foreign Mission Boards are Will you helpgive MoslemstheGospel1 considering plans for more actively co- WI1te tor Informa.tlon as to membership. neeCls••amoperating to promote the circqlation, and ple tracts. meetIngs of au:dllarles, etc., to to help meet the financial needs of the "Review!'

An address was delivered by the Presi- MRS. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Secrelary dent, Robert E. Speer, on "Present Day Movements toward Interdenominational Union and Cooperation."

Members of the Board of Directors elect- Box 888, New York City ed for the ensuing year are: Robert E. Speer, President; Frank L. OTimB orPla-R8 OJ' THII SOCIIIfT Brown, Vice-Presidenf; Walter McDougall, Treasurer; Delavan L. Pierson, Secre- Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer. D.D., of Cairo. Prel'ltdent. Dr. Robert E. 8oeer. of New York. Vlce–Prel!lldent. tary; Mrs. Henry W. Peabody (Baptist); Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, VI~PreatdeDt. Dr• .lamell L. Barton. Mrs. WIn. BB.ormdenn…. Mrs. E. C. Cronk (Lutheran); Prof. Har- Dr. Frlmk Muon North. Mr.. Wm. lan P. Beach (Cong'I); Frederick I. Col- Mr. Fennell P. TUrner. M!SB Anna A. Milligan ver (Boy Scouts); Wm. I. Chamberlain Wm. I. ChamberlaIn Mr•• Finley .l. Shepard. Dr. Charle8 R. Watson. Mn. D. L. Pfel8On. (Reformed); Fleming H. Revell (Publisher): Didcinson W. Richards (Lawy:er). BlIND GIrTS TO 14m. E. E. OI.oU, 1:1:1 W. 76$b St., N… York, Treu.

1'10* llIention TBlI MISSIONAIIY Rl!VII!:W of ~"R WORI.» in writing to a<tvertisers MISSIONARY PERSONALS HYMNS Rev. A. L. WARNSHUIS, D. D., National Evangelistic Secretary for China, sailed for for Shanghai on February 10. He has been named as associate secretary, with TODAY Rev. J. H. Oldham, of the newly organized International Missionary Committee. Dr. For Sunday school and church. Warnshuis plans later to return to London, . New hymns that voice the spirit of the headquarters of the new organizatoday, as well as the standard hymns tion. for all time. Sample sent for examination. * '" '"

Fillmore Music DR. JOHN R. Mo'l"t is at Asheville, N. C., resting after the incessant demands upon House '" '" . his strength in connection with various 527 Elm Street fields of Christian effort. Cincinnati, Ohio. R't. R£v. WILLIAM H. OveRS, Protestant $100.00 For Episcopal Bishop of Liberia, sailed for Your Church Africa by way of England on January 15, after spending several months in America in making known religious conditi<;ms of his field.

'" '" '"

REv. JASPER T. MOSES, of the Religious Press Department of the Federal Council of Churches, has gone to Mexico City to become manager of the Union Evangelical Press. He will also serve temporarily as secretary of the Committee on Coopera- tion in Mexico.

'" * * REv. WILLIAM FE'tL£R, General Director of the Russian Missionary Society, and his band of 26 workers are now on their way to Russia to work for the evangeliza- tion of that unhappy people.

'" '" '"

SIR HARRY S'tILEMAN, Rear-Admiral in the British Navy, has been appointed as the new Director of the Barnardo Homes to succeed the late William Baker. The Stileman family has long been identified with religious activities, and one of his brothers was the first Bishop of Persia.

Today's Housewife has helped * '" * churches allover the country to raise funds in a refined, dig- DR. GEORGE H. BICKLEY has been elected nified manner. Far superior a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal to the usual, threadbare, tiring supper, sociable or bazaar. Church and assigned to the Malaysia field. Not a cent of expense or risk. Write today for details, Church '" .. * R£v. A. E. THOMPSON, for eleven years Aid Department. Superintendent of the Christian and Mis- sionary Alliance work in Palestine, sailed in November for his post in Jerusalem. Mr. Thompson was forced to leave Pales- tine when Turkey entered the war.

* .. …

Rev. HENRY H. RIGGS who had gone to Harput to assist in the work of feeding the Armenians has been ordered out by Mus- tafa Kemal, no reason being given for the Today's Housewife order. … '" '"

A son of DR. ALEXANDER WHY'tll, the 100 Main St. , famons Scotch preacher who died in Edin- btjrgh in Januar)', is the first President of Cooperstown, New York the Popular House in the new Parliament of India, which is soon to give ameasnre of home rule in that country.

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NOTE-In many States the law now forbids Sanitary Communion Outfit Co. the use or the aim!;l]. cup at the communion service. It should not be necessary to await 600 57th Street th18 In your 0 y. The old style is unclf'an and u Many thoroughly Rochester, N. Y. good Christians ned from partaking of communion fa very reason. If you have not yet adopted the modern, sanitary corm:nunion CUD. let this be one ot your first forward steps 10 1921.

Please mention THlC MISSIONARY RE;VIEW olt 'tH'It WO:RI.D in writing to advertisers He now lives only in the hearts of those 'who knew him. For his example, his service to his fellow men and the Church, you wish to perpetuate the memory of this man, and pass on the kindly influence of this sturdy Christian character to coming generations.

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The Missionary Review of the World — January 1921

XLIV NUMBER

THE MISSIONARY EVIEW, JANUARY, 1921 MISSIONS AND THE WORLD'S PEACE INTERNATIONAL CHRISTIAN PRINCIPLES W. H. P. Faunce THE SECRET OF PEACE FOR AFRICA W. H. Overs A LIBERATING FORCE IN TURKEY THE CURE FOR INDIA'S UNREST James L. Barton DEVELOPING CHARACTER IN CHINA W. L. Ferguson INTERPRETING CHRISTIANITY TO JAPAN A. L. Warnshuis THE CHRISTIAN SPIRIT IN KOREA A. J. Stirewalt CHRISTIAN INTERVENTION IN LATIN AMERICA O. R. Avison G. B. Winton PERSIA.··A CHALLENGE TO THE CHURCH E.T.ALLEN MORMONISM AND HOW TO MEET IT RODNEY W. ROUNDY MISSIONARY PROBLEMS IN SANTO DOMINGO SAMUEL GUY INMAN $2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN, NEW _YORK 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK

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l'Jease mention Til. IbuIO"AIIY RlIvIlIW 0» Till! WOJII,I) Ia wriling II! ~!lnrliser. ' THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, EJilM.

CONTENTS FOR JANUARY, 1921 Page FRONTISPIECE-BuRNING ot 'tHE CONVJ<;N'tION HALL A't TOKYO EDITORIAL COMMENT .•………••••••….•..••…•..•••.••….•………..

At'tER 'tHE WAR IN 'tHE FAR EAS't MISSIONS AND PEACE IN JAPAN EVANGELIZING 'tHE CHUDRAS OF INDIA AN OPPOR'tUNI'tY AMONG RUSSIAN SIGNIFICAN't CHANGES IN CHINA PRISONERS EDDY MEEtINGS IN THE N ~AR FACTORS IN ARABIA AND MESOPOTAMIA EAST AGRICULTURE AND CHRISTIANITY THE FEDERAL COUNCIL OF CHURCHES PERSIA, A CHALLENGE TO THE CHURCH ………… BY REv. E. T. ALLEN 12 The story of the tragedy of Christian missions in Persia, and the present responsibility of American Christians.

THE MORMONISM OF TODAy ……………… By REv. RODNEY W. ROUNDY 21 The present religious and political situation in M ormondom, and how the Church is endeavoring to meet it.

MISSIONS AND THE WORLD'S PEACE ·CHRIS'tIAN PRINCIPLES IN IN'tERNA'tIONAL RllLA'tIONS .. PRllS. W. H. P. FAUNCE 25 THE SECREt ot PEACE IN AmcA •………………….. BISHOP W. H. OVERS 29 A LIBERA'tING FORCE IN TURKEy ..•…………………….JAMES L. BAR'tON 31 THE CURE FOR INDIA'S UNREST………………..•….. REV. W. L. FERGUSON 34 DEVELOPING CHARACTER IN CHINA …………………. REV. A. L. WARNSHUIS 37 INTERPRETING CHRISTIANITY TO JAPAN ………………. REV. A. J. STIREWALT 39 SPREADING 'tHE CHR'S'tIAN SPIRI't IN KOREA ………….. 0. R. AVISON, M. D. 40 CHRIS'tIAN IN'tERVEM'ION IN LA't~N AMERICA ………….. REv. G. B. WINtoN 41 MISSIONARY PROBLEMS IN SANTO DOMINGO ……BY Rllv. S. G. INMAN' 43 THE WORLD'S SUNDAY SCHOOL CONVENTION ….BY FRANK L. BROWN 53 HOW TO HAVE SUCCESSFUL CONVENTIONS …… BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 56 THE WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN EDI'tED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 64 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS…………. ……………………………… 68 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARy ……………………………•..•……••.•• 79 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1920, by Missionary ReView Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert E;. Speer, President Frank L. Brown, Vice-President. Walter McDougall, Treasurer Delavan r… Pierson, Secretary, Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, Publication o1lice, Coopentown, N. r.

35c a cop), $2.50 a ;year Now York Cit)'.

• Entered .. lecond-c1uI matter at the Poatoffice Cooperstown, New York, undel the Act of Marcia 3, 1879.

Copyrighted, 1921 "Behold, There Came Wise Men -and when they Were come into the house, they saW the young child with Mary his mother, and fell down, and worshipped him: and when they had opened their treasures, they presented u~to him gifts; gold, and frankincense, and myrrh."

Thus at the first Christmas, started the custom of gift giving. Have you not the same opportunity for laying gifts at dur Savior's feet now as had the Wise Men? What greater gift could we present than being instrumental in bringing one or more Jews (God's chosen people) into Christian life and service?

Bishop Burch, President of this interdenominational Society, writes; "For seven years The Society has been seeking to reach the Jewish pl;:pple through the printed page. The Hebrew race is conspicuous for its love of reading; and the leaflet kindly tendered is sure of a tolerant reception where the spoken word often arouses antagonism.

"The Society is blessed in having Mr. B. A. M. Schapiro as our Managing Director. He is a Hebrew who has given his life to the carryIng of Christianity to his race. He loves his people and writes to them with apostolic zeal. His knowledge of Hebrew, Yiddish, and of the Talmud and Jewish Traditions affords him a wide field of thought. His spiritual insight is keen and his devotion to our Lord Jesus has been tried in the fires."

The great question is an adequate supply of this valuable literature for the increasing demands made upon the society by missionary boards and individual workers. Will you help? Your prayers and financial aid are needed now.

The Society will gladly send FREE "the following tracts which, while convincing to the Jews, strengthen and illuminate the Christian. These tracts are classics.

I-The Aim of the Society with 2-Sacrifices, their Origin portrait of Mr. Schapiro. and Significance.

3-Jesus and His Kinsmen. 4-Saul, the Pharisee, and Paul, the Christian.

5-The Mission of Israel.

Also a copy of~the organ of the Society, "The People, the Land, and the Book." 372X6 inches of 96 pages. Write at once, even if you cannot aid financially, and secure these valuable publications at once.

THE HEBREW CHRISTIAN PUBLICATION SOCIETY. Inc.

Dept. P, 83 Bible House, New York City Our supply o/literature may not last-write, there/ore, today P l _ mODtion 'fBI! M,SS,ONARY RntJlW OJ ~H. WORLD in writill£ to ad..ortboo..

CONVENTION CHORUS REHEARSING IN THE

This picture was taken a few minutes before the £re started in the electric sign "1 am the Light of the World," which hung above the platform at the rear.

THE BURNING OF THE SUNDAY SCHOOL CONVENTION HALL This picture was taken from the Railway Hotel just after the fire started. The buiIdini W.a8 in ashes in twenty minutes.

Scenes at the W'Orld's Sund~y School Convention

JANUARY, 1921

XLIV ONE AFTER THE WAR IN THE FAR EAST T HE effect of the War on missions in Asia cannot be told in a . paragraph or in a volume. Like the effect of Christian mis- sions it must be shown in the decades to come. A recent volume by Rev. A. .J. Macdonald on "The War and Missions in the East" studies particularly the situation in India, Japan and China. Thewar no doubt stimulated the demand for self-government in India. At the same time, the Hindus, Parsis, J ains ,and Moslems each feal," the aggressiveness of the opposing- sects and social classes. In the midst of this perplexing turmoil the Christian Indians are in a difficult position, as they desire India's independence but are not in favor of any of the schemes proposed by their fellow-countrymen. Under a progressive government in India education must be extended, but the place of religion in education is a subject for dispute. Mis~ion schools may be unable to continue in case the government finds some means for promoting universal education on nonsectarian lines. In.Japan the secularization of education is progressing, but the effect on the morals of the students is disastrous. All can see that the youth need moral restraints and ethical ideals, though they may not realize the need for God in their lives. In all of those countries, as they progress in modern civilization, we must expect the Christian missionary to lay less stress on. general educational and philanthropic work, and more on evangelism and the spiritual training of leaders. .

In China the turmoil seems to have been increased by the war, ",ithout strengthening the sense of national unity. Ambitious plans have been drawn up for national education and material progress, but since China has not the money to carry out these plans, the country must depend largely upon foreigners. This gives missionary forces a great opportunity in education to train the coming generation, and in medicine to show the practical value of phil- 1

anthropy. Missionaries in China are increasingly welcome land are wielding a mighty influence for good. .

SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN CHINA O NE effect of the world war has been to awaken the Chinese to a clearer understanding of the fact that no nation can live unto itself. They have seen the futility of man-made schemes to exercise dominion without regard to human relationships. They have measured themselves by the standards of true national great- ness and have found themselves wanting. They also discriminate more accurately than ever before ,between the moral standards of different nations.

The leaders of the people are becoming more and more restive under the autocratic sway of the military governors of the provinces and the days of the military despotism seem to be numbered. Leaders in China believe that a new government will be established under which there will be a rapid development of China's resources. Means of communication will be perfected throughout the whole country. The land at large will feel the throb of Western civiliza- tion. The question arises-will the Church keep pace with these new opportunities T The history of America's political and social relations with China afford a fine basis for the tmltivation of a closer friendship in years to come. China looks to America for a manifestation of that same spirit of sympathy and goodwill which has always characterized the United States in her dealings with her sister repUblic. She also expects the United. States to use her influence to check any nation that may look upon China with covetous eyes.

Changes are taking place in the thought and customs of the Chinese. Some of these are of evil, as for example, the growing commercialism .and materialism, the increase of the cigarette habit and the introduction of western mixed dances in the Chinese 44 smart set. " On the other hand there is an increasing number of influential men who are connecting themselves with the churches and enrolling themselves in Bible classes.. Even at Chinese feasts, where missionaries are present, God's blessing is invoked more frequently. The adoption of occidental methods of education is producing good results. The growing spirit of reform may be traced, directly and indirectly,to the influence of Protestant missions, particularly along medical and educational lines. The missionary's message of goodwill and love, emphasized by deeds of loving kindness and tender mercy, has broken down prejudice and opened the way for all kinds of reforms that have bettered the temporal condition of the people. Medical work has been a great factor in breaking down barriers and in winning favor with all grades of society. An unparalleled oppor-

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tunity for missionary advance in China is presented to the Church of Christ. A spirit of inquiry is pervading the thinking circles of the population, and "free thought" and agnosticism are striving for the mastery, but there is an urgent demand for the "eternal Gospel," which is "the power of God unto salvation."

MISSIONS AND PEACE IN JAPAN I NTERNATIONAL relations and national problems cannot but affect, at least indirectly, the work of Christian missions in non- Christian lands. True missionaries are not in any sense political agents and seek to avoid becoming entangled in political contro- versies. They cannot, however, keep from feeling a deep interest in whatever affects the moral and spiritual welfare of the peoples whom they seek to help, and cannot escape the results of political unrest. The native Church at times becomes involved because some high principle is involved in domestic or international discussions. Thus the Armenians in the Protestant missions in Turkey could_ not suffer persecution in silence; the AlSsyrian Christians in Persia have suffered martyrdom and spoliation; the Christians in India and Egypt are interested in securing self-government and the Protestants of China were in the forefront of the movement to establish the Republic.

In Japan and Korea, the Christians are in a minority, but they are influential. The Korean Independence Movement has naturnlly involved most of the Christians and the whole question of Japanese Rovereignty has affected the mission churches and schools. Tn Japan itself, the Japanese question in California has influenced t}j(~ feeling of the people toward American missionaries and their religion. The pride of the Japanese is touched and an opportunity is given to the enemies of Christ to argue that patriotism is incompatible with Christianity as a foreign religion. It must be acknowledged that the Japanese have just ground for asking that their people be treated ae considerately in America as European nations are treated.

On the other hand, the influence of Christian teachings is being felt more and more in Japanese national and international affairs. The younger generation is casting aside old ideas, both material and religious,and is looking for new truth and new methods. Buddhism does not satisfy and Shinto embodies more the spirit of patriotism than the religion of worship and service. The Christians are becoming more and more prominent in public affairs and many are Christians by conviction who have not yet taken a stand openly. It is estimated that there are a million or more Christians in Japan -including secret disciples and adherents. This is especially enl'ollraging in view of the national and international problems that Japan is facing today.

The Federation of Churches in Japan ihas recently passed

resolutions which <lall for just and moderate treatment of Korea by the Japanese government, express a hope that the League of Nations will be established on a satisfactory working basis, and in favor of other steps that will promote and insure international peace. They also exp1:ess the desire and the determination to help make J Bpan "a leader in the civilization of the Orient, a defender of international justice, a nation looking toward world enlightenment and contributing to the realization of the Kingdom of God." The Federation voted disapproval of many of th~ Japanese policies and methods in Korea. Regret is expressed for the anti-Japanese feeling in China and while mistakes and injustice to the Chinese is acknowledged, the Federation declares a firm belief that Tsingtau will be returned as promised; and hopes that friendly relations and mutual understanding will be promoted. The Japanese Christians also deny that Japan is a militaristic nation, since the people as a whole desire only peace and friendly relationship with other nationfl.

The missionaries of Christ are without doubt the greatest peacemakers in the world, but they exercise .their influence by. prodaiming the only true basis of lasting peace-namely, a right relationship to God and His laws. While the readjustment may, for a time, bring not peace but a sword, such an upheaval is necessary in order that evil may be uprooted and righteousness may be established. ~hat this is not an easy task, quickly completed, is proved by the presfmt unrest in Europe and America.

FACTORS IN ARABIA AND MESOPOTAMIA T HE British mandate for Mesopotamia has not solved the problem of peace in the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The British are promoting plans for a righteous government and for the development of material resources, but the Arabs and other natives are not satisfied to be under the control of a foreign power, however enlightened and beneficent. The situation is critical and has led the British to send military reinforcements at great cost. Tribal bands are infesting the country, cutting railway communications and threatening small garrisons. There are reports that the new British High Commissioner, Sir Percy Cox., has been authorized to form an "independent state to be governed according to the wishes of the people." The garrisoning of the country with Indian troops il;l, however, a predicted source of trouble since the Arabs look upon the Hindus as an inferior people and incapable of controlling Mesopotamia. One of the British Christian mission stations is in the center of the disturbed area 'and Basra (Busrah) an American mission station is in the southeastern corner, near the Persian Gulf. In Arabia the two principle factors are the "Ichwan"~a fanatical Moslem sect, and the British Government. The first factor is It powerful opponent of Christianity' and if the

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work of missionaries seems to be potent enough to cause any disturbance the Britis.h Government is apt to put further obstacles in .the way of evangelization. "The British Suzerainty brings with it many things that are very. excellent," writes a correspondent, "but it often brings officials who have little orno sympathy with the real aims of Christian missionary work. They are charged with the duty of preserving the peace at all costs, and as a result often hinder the Gospel of Peace." All of this is but another proof of Christ's teaching that the Kingdom of God and th~ Kingdom of Man are not identical. God is able to overcome all obstacles, and he is overcoming them by the power of His Spirit.

Special prayer is asked for the work and the workers in Arabia Rlld Mesopotamia: (1) For the government, that it may be truly Christian; that it recognize the enlightening, elevating influence of missionary effort, and encourage its development.

For the missionaries, that they may be Christlike in their life. That with wisdom and spiritual power they may unceasingly present the message. That they may be given strength and vigor of mind and body sufficient for their daily need.

For the native helpers, that they may be one with us in high ideals, blameless living, and consecrated service.

For enquirers and converts, that they may patiently endure persecution, faithfully witness to the truth in word and life, and seek to lead otllcrs to Christ.

For the people, that they may see their great sinfulness,' and that only Christ can save them. That those who read the Gospel, and those who repeatedly hear it, may accppt Him as their personal Savionr.

EVANGELIZING THE OHUHRAS OF INDIA I s THE ROPE of India in the higher or in the lower castes? It is in neither-but in Christ. The high caste Brahmans may, if converted, furnish wonderful teachers, as Saul, the high caste Pharisee, became Paul the outstanding Apostle; or the low C[lstes and outcastes, like the common people of Galilee may hear Jesus gladly and may in .India become a part. of the "body" of Christ to carry on His work in the world.

One of the encouraging signs in India is the continued' Ohris- tian movement among the lower castes. Missionaries now report . hopeful prospects of evangelizing the entire Ohuhra caste in the Punjab. Within the past twelve years 4,000 Ohuhras have been baptized in Narowal mission and about the same number in Jhang Bar Mission. In some districts, notably Sialkot, scarcely any non- Christian Ohuhras remain. The Missions actively at work among them include the Presbyterians, United Presbyterians, Methodists

and Baptists of America, the Church Missionary Society, the Church of England Zenana Missionary Society and the Scotch Presbyterians.

Few Chuhras have any knowledge of the history of their tribe, and as they have practically no literature and even their leaders are ignorant men, it is difficult to learn anything of their origin. One of their claims is that they were originally Brahmans, degraded to the caste of scavengers and pro¢sed restoration in the fourth era. According to Hindu reckoning the present era is the fourth, and the Chuhras say that the movement toward Christianity is the beginning of this restoration. They are very poor, and even if allowed to own land-which they are not-few of them could afford to become land-owners. In the twenty villages allotted to the Christian Chuhras of the various missions, the people have become self-respecting and self-supporting members of society.

THE EDDY MEETINGS IN THE NEAR EAST D R. GEORGE Sherwood Eddy has recently returned from holding meetings in various centers in Egypt, in Beirut, Syria, . in Smyrna and in Constantinople. Careful preparation was made by missionaries in each center and the work was followed up by interviews, addresses and special classes. The audiences that greeted the speaker taxed to their capacity the largest halls available. Dr. Eddy spoke for the most part to students, and dwelt on the need of purity and honesty; and the only way to secure these virtues through allegiance to Jesus Christ.

Many Moslems as well as students of various Oriental Christian sects were eager listeners to these addresses and expressed a purpose to accept and follow Jesus Christ as Saviour and Lord. Letters to Dr. Eddy expressed this purpose and asked for his prayers. Rev. ,James L. Quay, of Cairo, writes of the Egypt meetings: In old Mohammedan Cairo thev came bv the thousands. Bv the time the hour arrived * to open the doors th~ street ,';as packed. Ve rented one of the largest theaters in Cairo, with a capacity of almost 2,000, and when the first meeting began every seat was filled, the doors were locked and the policemen were trying to get rid of the crowd in the street who could not get in. This was God's answer to our faltering faith. Ve had been afraid the crowd would not come. To quiet our fears we had issued more admission tickets than there were seats, in the • hope that we might get a crowd. Now it seemed as though every ticket had turned up, and the street was filled with men and women holding up their tickets and wanting to know why, since they held tickets, they could not get in.

"Ve rented a nearby theater, held an overflow meeting and sent the strongest missionary speaker we had to give them his best. But the crowd was not satisfied. Thev w~nted to hear Eddv. the man from America. Then we sent the women to the ;maller theater-six 0; ~ight hundred of them, Coptic women, l1oslem women, * Similar report!:' come from Alexandria, ~l'anta, As~iut. Beirut, ~.nd Constantinople.

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members of our Evangelical Church, Bible women, poor women and rich women from some of the secluded harems of the city. Dr. Eddy spoke to them first for a half hour. Then another speaker addressed them while Dr. Eddy' hurried across to the big theater where 2,000 young men of Egypt of all faiths and of no faith werl! waiting eagerly to hear him. He talked to them for an hour, telling them in'the plainest language of sin and its consequences. We had been forbidden by the Government to make a direct appeal for the conversion of Moslems in the theater, 10 at the close of his talk Dr. Eddy announced an after meeting in the American Mission building two blocks away for all who desired power to live a life of honesty and purity.

"They came. In fifteen minutes the big auditorium, seating over 600, was full, the choir loft was full, and those who had no seats lined up at the back of the ~oom. There they sat for another hour and listened to the Gospel message in plainer language yet. Without argument, and without saying anything derogatory to Mohammedanism, he told them that he had found the way to victory through Christ.

"In the after meetings on the last three evenings cards were distributed in both the men's and women's meetings. Over a thousand cards were turned in, and almost half of them were expressions of the deepest longings of sin-side souls for healing and light. They were signed by Moslem, Copt and evangelical Christian alike. Most of them read like this: "Where is God? Tell me how I can find Him." "How can I get victory over sins of impurity?" "Who is Jesus Christ, and what do you mean when you say He is divine?" "Tell me how I can get peace in my heart." "How can I overcome sin in my life?"

AN OPPORTUNITY AMONG RUSSIAN PRISONERS F EW people in America have any real understanding' as to the seriousness of the situation in Europe, not only politically and economically but morally and spiritually. Daily newspapers describe the horrors of Armenian massacres, the sufferings of Austrian and Serbian children,' the devastation of Belgium, the poverty and unrest in Germany and the chaos in Russia.

The present distress is not only due to the deaths, devastation and debts resulting from the war, but in part because scores of thousands of war prisoners have not yet returned home. Hundreds of thousands of Russian men who were sent to the battlefield like cattle for slaughter were either mowed down or were taken as war prisoners. The horrors of captivity for many of these prisoners in Germany and Austria can never be described.

A well known Christian worker writes that there are still 200,000 Russian war prisoners in Germany in camps, and 50,000 living free in the country. Their stay may be indefinite on account of disorganization of means of transportation. The trials of separation from loved ones and the deprivations endured in an impoverished land add to the sorrows of these prisoners. But there is a phase of the life which comes always to the front when one knows them, namely: their religious life.

Before the United States entered the war, "The Gospel Committee for Work among War Prisoners," of New York,was able to do a great work among them through Rev. J. G. Lehman of Kassel Tract Society. The war put a stop to sending the literature, but

the seed·grew. Today, there are camps for Russian war prisoners in Germany, and in every one of them is a group of Christian "believers." In some places there are varying numbers from small groups to large, fully organized churches with pastors and other officers. The conversations are real, for nothing less than real true fellowship with Christ can satisfy, and nothing less can withstand the hardships. The latest reports say that in nearly every camp Gospel services are conducted by those already converted. They preach Christ and Him crucified to audiences ranging from a small number to hundreds and even a thousand who fill the halls at other points. In these services there is no oratory, no form, no unnatural order, but what an atmosphere!

A few of these war prisoners had been converted in Russia before the war and had some knowledge of the Scriptures, but the others are new converts. Most of them will become Christian workers when they return to Russia, and Russian Christians have resolved to give some of these workers a thorough knowledge of the Bible, and to prepare them for better Gospel work when they reach their home land. One leader of work already established is Rev. W. L. Jack, who had a full course in philo~ophy in Berlin University and theology in Halle. For several years he was a missionary worker in Russia as President of the only Protestant Training College in Russia. He is a spiritual, consecrated and thoroughly orthodox Christian worker.· Two other very competent Bible teachers are Messrs. Svensson and Hogberg of Sweden, for twenty-five years missionaries in Russia. These experienced workers began a series of short Bible courses for Russian brethren in camp after camp. Their conviction, based on experience, is that Russians should preach the Gospel to Russians. They give Bible courses, or hold conferences for workers and prospective workers, of whom there are sometimes twenty, and sometimes sixty or seventy in one camp. Recently, a united four weeks course was conducted aIp.ong a group of sixty Christian men near Kassel. "It is impossible to express how thankful the Russians are for this service in Bible courses, and how intensely they listen!" writes Mr. Jack. The future will reveal more fully what this training under such a leadership will mean. There is one hindrance .on every side ~the lack of funds. The Gospel Committee for Work among War Prisoners has resolved .to help these brethren, and also to strengthen the hands of the Kassel workers who are doing chiefly evangelistic and organizing work in the camps. There are 20,000 Russian war prisoners in France, and among these no Gospel work has been done. There are many in different parts of the former Austrian Empire, but no dependable information has as yet been received.

There are great plans before the C?mmittee, and action will be

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taken according to the generosity of God's stewards. Besides this, the most urgent prayers are asked for the spiritual strengthening and establishing of those Russian brethren, so recently trained, when they shall go back to their most distressed and needy country.

"S AGRICULTURE AND CHRISTIANITY PIRITUALITY cannot long survive without some form of in- carnation." The reverse is also true-lithe body withou,t the spirit is dead." Some advocates of humanitarian work in the form of social service have the erroneous idea that the Christian ministers and missionaries who are working for the eternal salvation of men's souls are indifferent to their physical welfare. That th.i!; is far from true is proved from missionary history. The Bible, on which all true missionary work is based, emphasizes the duty of feeding hungry bodies as clearly as it teaches the prime importance of the saving of souls. Jesus Christ came into the world primarily "to save His people from their sin," but a large part of His time and strength were devoted to ministering to men's physical necessities.

The modern missionaries went out to preach the Gospel, but when they saw men, women and chiJdren naked, poor and hungry they did their utmost to supply their needs and to introduce correGtive measur.es. William Carey went to India and devoted himself largely to Christian education and translation, but he had the second finest botanical garden in India, established for the benefit of an agricultural people. John L. Nevius of China was first of all an evangelist but he was foremost in famine relief and introduced western fruit culture into Shantung. Other missionaries, like Livingstone, Moffat and Mackay of Africa, who were spiritual forces, showed the deepest concern for the physical needs of the people whose souls they were seeking to save. Physical and intellectual upbuilding go hand in hand with spiritual growth in the development of Godlike men.

But while industrial, medical and agricultural betterment have always had a place in the program for the evangelization of the world, there has been, until recently, little systematic trainirig of agr.icultural leaders in missionary work. Today, however, with the development of such work as the Agricultural Institute- of Allahabad, India, and the similar efforts in China, Africa, Macedonia and South America, this department of the missionary's work: demands more attention. It is about as difficult to develop 8. selfsupporting church of paupers as it is to produce a strong civilized community of those who are spiritually dead.

As Ii result of this increasing interest in the rural community at homfl and agricultural missions abroad an "Interdenominational Association of Agricultural Missions" was organized in New·York:

on January 19, 1920. The President is Dr. Warren H. Wilson, author of "The Church and Country Life"; the Secretary is Prof. Sam Higginbottom of India and the Treasurer Mr. W. Henry Grant of Canton Christian College. There are eight vice-Presidents.

Under the auspices of this Association an important conference was held in New York City on December 7th, at which the value of agricultural education to evangelization was clearly brought out. Remember that India is a land of villages whose people are for the most part small farmers-but are not land owners. In China 93% of the pupils in mission schools and '75 % of the Christians come from the country districts, yet mission work is planned on a city program. In the schools the pupils weaned from the farm are sent back unfitted for farm life. Christianity should fit men and women to live suocessfully in their own environment.

THE FEDERAL COUNCIL OF CHURCHES P ROBABLY the most important meeting of the Federal Coun- cil of the Churches of Christ in America that has yet been held was the quadrennial gathering in Boston, December 1st to 6th. There were present nearly five hundred representatives of over twenty million Protestant Christians in America. These undertook to outline a constructive program for co-operation among the evangelical Christian forces of the United States. Since the disintegratioll of the Interchurch Movement it seems to many of particular importance that something adequate should be done to preserve what was good in the Movement and to enable American churches to present a united front in the conflict with the evil forces at work in the world today. It is a tremendous task that cannot be successfully completed by divided forces. The Spirit of God must lead and empower, but men will be drawn to work harmoniously together in proportion as they are united under His leadership.

The most important report was that of the committee on "Methods of Cooperation." This report called attention to the need for a better understanding between Christians and a closer fellowshiIl, without weakening denominational convictions or responsibilities. The readiness of hundreds of thousands of people to join in the Interchurch World Movement showed a desire for spiritual unity and more effective cooperation. There seems to be a need for the closer alignment of interdenominational agencies in the interests of efficiency and economy. This service the Federal Council seems to be in a position to render if there is found a workable plan for cooperation with other interdenominational agencies.

The forms of service recommended are (1) to provide points of contact between denominations; (2) to study the program of cooperative tasks; (3) To voice the united conviction of the churches; (4) to serve as a clearing house 0-1' infol'mation; (5) to furnish an

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organ of publicity; (6) to function in cooper.ative tasks for which there is no other provision.

The work of the Federal Council has thus far been done through various Commissions working in conjunction with the representatives of the Foreign Missions Conference and the Home Missions Council. FOr the coming quadrennium the committee on Methode asked for a more clearly defined scope of progressive action for the Council, a more adequate staff and a budget of $300,000 a year from the cooperating denominations. The officers of the Council expressed their readiness to make necessary changes in its organization in order to render better service and to bring it into closer" relationship with such interdenominational agencies as the Foreign Missions Conference, the Home Missions Council, the similar Women'!,; organizations, the Sunday School Council of Evangelical Churches and the Council of Church Boards of Education. Their aim will be to secure unity and to avoid duplication and waste of effort.

Recommendations were finally adopted with a view to the <larrying out of the methods of cooperation suggested by the special committee; the strengthening of interdenominational relationships; the enlarging of the secretarial staff; the providing of $300,000 a year; closer cooperation between the Council and interboard agencies; the necessary readjustment of the organization of the Council; the revision of the by-laws and a fuller expression of the spirit of Christian fellowship, service and cooperation. A meeting of representatives of the above mentioned interdenominational agencies was held on December 13th, to consider a plan of co-operation to be presented in January to the Fo:z:eign Missions Conference" and the Home Missions Council for their action.

The effective carrying out of this program will depend on the character of the leadership and on the willingness of the various denominations to supply the funds required. The cause of Home and Foreign Missions is great enough and important enough to call for closer relationship between existing interdenominational missionary agencies.

FAMINE IN NORTH CHINA The present famine in North China is one of the gravest catastrophes the world has ever known. The midsummer rains utterly failed, and 25,000,000 people face starvation. The region involved extends from Paotingfu beyond the Yellow Mountains in" Honan. and from the Grand Canal in Shantung to the mountains of Shansi; a territory of from five to six hundred miles in length, and nearly two hundred miles in width. Help is needed immediately.

RF;FUGF;J!;S SF;J!;KING IlISSIO!:iARY HJ!;LP

A ChaJlenge to the

BY REV. E. T. ALLEN Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., in Persia.

In ages long gone by Persia was a name to conjure with: to-day its mention wrings one's heart with sorrow. The land and the people lla,'e a glorious past, of which any nation might be proud. It was Cyrus, the Persian, who conquered the proud Babylonians, re-patriating and re-habilitating the exiled Je'ws; it was Darius, the Persian, who destroyed forever the militaristic power of the boastful As- Ryrians. Xerxes, the Persian, threatened tlle growing western civilizafon and caused the Greeks under Alexander to rise to its defense. The Sassanian kings ruled well from the Indus in the east to the Nile in the west, and from the snows of the mountains of the Golden Fleece in' the north to the warm waters of the Indian sea in the south.

Though P(lrsia maintaiued herself nobly before the Greeks, the Romans, and the Barbarians that threatened her from the north, she fell woundf'd before the hordes of fanatical Arabs of the seventh c(,lItnry, 'with their battle cry "For God and the Prophet." The Arabs overran the whole land, bringing all under the sway of the sword of Islam. Then followed a thousand years of destructive rule under such monsters as Muavia, the hybrid Arab, Mutassim Billah, the miser Khalif, and the Mongul fiends headed by Ghenghis Khan, Hulaghu and Tamerlane. From these years of misgovernment Persia has never recovered. The strong men who occasionally came to the throne were strong in destroying rather than in building the Empire. Since the coming of Islam to Persia there has been a steady decline in all that is good until now the old land that boasted heroes from the days of Nimrod, "The mighty hunter before the Lord" lies broken and desolate, her best blood drained by the sword, her physical manhood 'sapped by the licentiousness of Islam, her high moral ideals {)utraged by the immorality of her conquerors and her mental vigor dried up by inactivity. She who once had an army whose tread shook the world now cowers behind a few shabby soldiers with antiquated weapons and overdue salaries. The people that once had a glorious literature, now has no poet. Once Persia was the leader in astronomy; now she has no star. With large cotton growing areas she is naked; with richly productive land she is hungry; with God-given coal in her hills, she shivers with cold: with abundance of oil, she has 13

no light; with mountains of minerals, she has no mines and with eight- . een hundred miles of sea coast she has neither ships nor sailors, fish- eries nor navy. The ancient song of JEschylus, the Greelr, that was sung after the defeat of the Persians at Salamis 430 years before the Christ, is true now as it was then- "Voe to the towns through Asia's peopled realm Woe to the land of Persia, once the post Of boundless wealth! How is thy glorious state Vanished at once and all thy spreading honors Fallen! Lost! Ah me! . Unhappy is his task That bears unhappy tidings; but constraint Compels me to relate this tale of woe. Persians, the whole barbaric host is fallen!

o Horror, Horror! What a baleful train Of recent ills! Ah ! Persians. as he speaks Of ruin, let your tears stream to the earth. It is even so, all ruin; and myself Beheld the ruin which my tongue would utter."

Battered and broken politically, poor and hungry physically, lost and undone morally; dominated by a false and foreign religion not loved by the people, her ancient territories given to her enemies, her present possessions held as a pawn upon the chess board of politics, Persia maintains her political identity and nominally her independence. In the twenty-five hundred years since lIDschylus sang of her destruction, while other peoples have been born, risen to power, ruled over the world, and disappeared; Persia, the unperishable, continues to live, having survived her enemies. This people, virile, with an intellectual capacity second to none,. organizing power tested and proved, and executive ability, is kept from filling a larger place in the world only through lack of education and the distrust of stronger nations.

Persia stands before the ,yorld today as a great question mark. During, the war the eyes of the Germans, the Turks, the Russians, the British and the French were upon Persia and their emissaries were busy trying to win her decision in tlwir favor. She remained officially neutral. As the connecting link between the east and the west, and with characteristics of both, Persia can associate with both with freedom and equality. 1Yhat will this people. do and where will they cast their lot1 Some politicians and diplomats would make Persia the geographical back fence between the east and west. In reality she is the bridge over which the nations have had their intercourse since the days of Adam. Persia is the highway of the world. All nations have fought for the possession of her strategic position. But down through the ages her mountains and her valleys, her plains and her deserts have swallowed up the intruding armies while Persia remains today the aim of the Russian Bolshiviki and the desire of the British.

PERSIA, A CHALLENGE TO THE CHURCH

A PART OF THE URUMIA MISSION WORK DESTROYED BY THE KURDS This group of students, taken ;n the Avenue in front of Fisk Seminary, Urumia, shows the flourishing work of the American Presbyterian Mission ill Persia that has now been shattered, at least temporarily As Persia stands as a question mark before the political world, so does she stand before the Church of Christ. Vhat will Persia do with the Church and what will Christianity do with Persia r The ex- periences of the Church in this land have not been altogether pleasant. Soon after the Cross stood on Calvarv missionaries of Christ found their way to the east. If the wise lri'en did not come from Persia, tradition insists that one of them returned to Persia, to the citv of Urumia and there founded and built a church where he lies bu~ied. It is generally believed the Apostle Thomas visited Persia on his way

to India. Whatever these traditions may iNdicate it is well known that the Gospel took a strong hold on certain portions of the land long before Mohammed was born. Nestorian missionaries established churches and later vied with Mohammedan missionaries for the convE'rslon of Ghenghis Khan (who had a Ohristian woman to wife) and other Tartars or Monguls. Bishops and Archbishops lived in the land; churches and schools were in every city, and Christians 'were numerous. At times Persian kings have married Ohristian women and periods of clf'mency followed when the Church went forward with truly missionary zeal. The early efforts to bring Persia to Christ were brought to an ('lid under the persecutions by the Monguls, whirh stripp(>d the land of churchC's and schools, of teachers and pupils, of priests and people, and Persia again stood a challenge to the Church.

:1.[odern: missionary effort took up this challenge about ninety years ago~ when tIle American Board sent its first missionaries to succor and eruiglItE'n the remnants of the old Nestorian Church which remained hidden and forgotten in the mountains of Kurdistan during all tIle centuries.

The mission ,,'as located in Urumia, in the province of Adzer. baijan. This was the center of the Nestorian population of P<>rsian territory, auf! ncar to the tribes' of the same faith in the mountains of Kurdistan. Here a strong evangelical church was built up among this old people cla:ming descC'nt from the ancient Assyrians.

A system of village mission schools fed the two large Christian academics for boys and girls and the acad(!ITues became the center for hig-hpr educatiou alld for the twining of Christian workers. Normal clnssc8 provideu h'achers for the schools; Bible training classes raisC<.l up Bible readers and visitors; and the theological department traimll pastors ancI evangelists. Men and women workers went out to all pnrtH of Persia as teachers, evangelists, colporteurs and Bible wome11.

'1'l:e first hospital of any kind in Persia was located in Urumia, with Dr. Cochran, of sainted memory, in charge. Here the sick were h('alcd, the blind saw, the lame walked and the poor had the gospel prenehed to them. Prejudices were removed, opposition was oroken down, and a name was made for western medical science and Ohristian kindness. In the medical department of the school physicia'ls and nurses were trained and went out to practice in distant parts of the land. They extended the influence of the gospel and won Ulflny friends to the cause. A printing establishment was opened and. did sixty years of service, printing and scattering not less than eighty million pages of Bibles, hymn books and other Christian literature. The influence of the press extended not only into the churches, schools, homes, hospitals and among the general public, but even into the tea houses and opium dens and many other places closed to the missionary.

Out of this .first venture grew many other stations in Persia. From the neighborhood of Mount Ararat in the northwest corner, to Meshed, the Sacred Shiah shrine in the northeast corner1 bordering on Afghanistan, eight of the important cities are occupied by missionaries of the American Presbyterian Church, with schools and hospitals and evangelists in order to fulfil our Master's command to disciple all nations.

When the war began its dead- ly work these stations were in a flourishing condition and hope ran high that soon there would come a new day to Persia when she would come into her inheritance in Christ. The schools were full, the hospitals were freely used by all classes, women were breaking with the old customs of secrecy and slavery, evangelists freely traveled here and there and were greeted with cordial welcome from all sides. Splendid opportunities brought great hopes and at times it looked as though this ancient land would come to God and that Jesus Christ would be master of the hearts of the people of Persia.

But the Church in Persia was destined to suffer, for the war aealt woefully with all who fol- lowed the Christ. Political, relig- ious ana national confusion reign- ed and moral restraints were re- moved. The smouldering hatred of Islam for the Christian was fanned into a flame and burned furiously. National and personal animosities found vent and knew A PROTESTANT PIU;ACHER IN PERSIA no restraint. The result was that Rev. Shimmon Culia of Urumia–:a Preacher to old friendships were forgotten W 11'11e Id remembered,' JeW5 and Mohammedans for SIxty yeaTS scores were 0 and there arose a widespread determination to tolerate no longer the Christian advance.

Urumia, being close to the Turkish border. soon fell under the the heel of the Turk and of the marauding Kurdish tribes. The result is desolation. Nothing is left to show the fruits of those eighty years of service save scattered ruins of hospitals, schools, press and mis-

sion homes, and the remnants of a broken hearted people. Not a missionary is left in that district, not a Christian village, not a Christian home, not a Christian school, not a Christian save a miserable remnant of women, girls and small boys held captive still in the harems of Turks, Persians and Kurds. A remnant has also escaped to the British refugee camps in Mesopotamia where they await the long deferred repatriation to their destroyed homes. In no other part of the land did the Christians meet with so complete destruction yet in all parts they were in extreme danger, often robbed or fined or killed. This is the result where Islam attains power over Christians.

THE CHALLENGE TO THE CHURCH Can this land that heard the Gospel as early as the first century and for two thousand years re- fused to accept Christ still be won in the twentieth century, or has she sinned away her day of grace?

1/ Christians have pointed with pride to the early missionaries waiting ,…,- decades, with unwavering faith L for their first converts; we have gloried in the challenge of can- nibalisll1; we have never doubted before the cast iron caste system of India, nor has faith faltered before the sleeping giant of China.

"¥e have seen all kinds of obstacles and opposition slowly give way befor.e the power of the watchful, waiting Christ. What shall we say of Persia, the procrastinator, A RESCUED PERSIAN GIRL Persia that for nineteen centuries After a year in the orphanage waits? Can the faith of the . Church endure against the strong opposition, the deep bigotry, the fiery fanaticism of Islam in Persia!

Can the faith of the Church outlast these and win in the end ¥ We believe that even these must give way before the power of the conquerIng Christ. Faith must not falter when waiting, but 'work'

patiently to the winning.

Paul said" Love suffereth long" but there were no Mohamme-

PERSIA, A CH ,-LLENGE TO THE CHURCH

dans in his day. For nigh unto ninety years the missionaries have been giving a service of love to Persia and their Christian converts about them have followed their example. They fed the poor, they healed the sick, they clothed the naked: their doors have been open to the persecuted of all nations and religions, their influence freely used in behalf of the defenceless, their stores freely given to the needy, and when war removed restraints they were rewarded with .a bitterness of enmity and persecution not often known in the world. The merciless followers of Mohammed, whose myriad lips utter five times a day those most beautiful words "God is merciful, " fell upon their .best friends to murder and to loot. The stores that fed them they plundered, the sacred refuge that sheltered them they desecrated with the blood of their saviours and RELIEF WORK-DISTRIBUTING F[.OUR TO KURDISH REFUGEES IN URUMIA those who had healed them, fed them and defended them, they killed. The love of the Church if' ealled upon to take up this challenge. Will we do iU We will, for that is the glory of Christianity. The Church holds 110 enmity but only waits to show how long suffering is the love of Christ.

. Persia challenges likewise the devotion of the Church. Nine American missionaries gave up their lives for Persia during the war. Their graves are sacred. The winning of the land to the Christ may call for other graves. 'Phe enmity, the tribal wars, the bigotry, the · prevalence of disease, the long exile from home -these are still dangers and send a challenge to the Christian young men and women of America.

Per:;ia must be horn again. Thp need of the land is the de-

struction· of the things that destroy and the building of a strong manhood after the manner of Jesus Christ through whom alone a new birth can come. The challenge is a call to service and the history of the Church is abundant evidence that Ohristians, touched by the Spirit of Christ, will respond to this call with love and devotion.

Persia's politics are hopeful. Since the coming of Islam, thirteen hundred years ago, Persia has had no constructive rulers or leaders. Now the constructive genius of the British for commercial development and good govermnent make the future of Persia seem brighter than it has been for thirteen cent~ries. A period of peace under the guidance of British officers should bring a development of the abundant natural resources of the land that will make Persia prosperous. The presence of British officers will insure safety to all, and a democratIc spirit may even overcome the fanatical prejudice of Islam against other religions. Oppression will cease and sanitation, educ.ation and development will progress.

With such conditions a new day will dawn for old Persia. Prosperity will come to the land and Persia will find more freedom than she has known for centuries. The false system that has dominated and blighted the land for more than a thousand years will give way to the Christ whose law is love, whose rule is right and whose peace passeth understanding.

peRSIAN MOUNTAIN GIRLS IN FISK SEMINARY, URUMIA-NOW SCATTERED OR DEAD

MORMON TABERNACLE AND TEMPLE, SALT LAKE CITY, lJTAI!

Mormonism of Today and How,to Meet It REV, RODNEY W. ROUNDY, NEW YORK Associate Secretary of the Home Missions Council T HERE was a Mormonism of yesterday. It was a day of lay- ing foundations, a day of weakness and relatively small be- ginnings but a day of growing strength. Like all human movements which grip the imagination and interest of men the day of laying foundations was one of mingled vision and fact. Out of the East, from New England. the land of the Pilgrims, from the rock-ribbed Green Mountain State of Vermont came the "prophet," Joseph Smith, and the practical leader, man of affairs, Brigham Young. The prophet's revelations were imperfect, sometimes absurd. When dilemmas arose revelation had to succeed revelation. Revelation to be useful must be flexible. How could strange doctrine, mediocre truth and hodge-podge interpretations of a "Book of Mormon" be made possible unless faithful followers arose who could construct "two thousand changes in the Book of Mormon"!

There must be mystery. For every man religion must have its mystic attachments and suggestions. Mormonism must have its Temple to be entered only by the faithful; it must have its mystic seals of secret initiation; it must have its prophet and those on 21

whom the prophetic mantle from time to time must descend through a well organized hierarchy. Joseph Smith was not only the prophet but his soul goes marching on in the veneration of the faithful.

No one can look on the statue of Brigham Young on an eminence near the Temple Grounds, at the meeting of the busy streets in Salt Lake City without realizing that here was a man of affairs, any more than he can look upon the Temple without think- ing of Joseph and his priestly successors. Noone can look into the pictured face of Brigham Young without assurance of his master- fulness. He was a peer in the field of statesmanship~ with other giants who sprang from hardy strains in the Green Mountain state. No one but a general could have so led a forlorn hope to success, turned a small company into a host, encouraged a trek from state to state under greatest difficulties until he could put down a stake to say "Thus far we. go, and no farther."

In Utah were laid the foundations of empire. Irrigation was, for America, first introduced here in the great inter-mountain area. A valley was soon made to blossom as the rose. A Mormon state sprang into being. A hierarchy was established, There was an era of foundations and Brigham Young, more than any other but along with others of strength and prowess, laid those foundations.

There was, and is, an era of propagandism. Mormonism grew. It had its witnesses, its missionaries. Its devotees were preachers of its doctrines and traveled the country, yea, went to Europe, to all regioJJf> where lived the Nordic race, to proclaim its strange doc- trines. They sacrificed. They tithed themselves. Brigham Young would have had all Mormons accept the law of consecration, giving their all into the hands of the hierarchy. The rank and file would stand only for the law of tithing, one tenth to be ecclesiastically used. Out of this income they erect their church buildings, their temples, their expensive administration headquarters, their Hotel Utah~ their cooperative enterprises, their various institutions of enterprise and extension.

The Mormon Church of today has its 450;000 members in the United States of America, and 50,000 in other lands. It has four temples in Utah, one in Alperta, one in Hawaii, and is building one in Mesa, Arizona, one of the resting places for its sacred ark in the ,/ early days of its pilgrimage. It has a shrine, marking the birth- place of Joseph Smith in Vermont. and a local habitation and name even in Brooklyn, New York. There are 80,000 Mormons in counties of Southern Idaho. Arizona and 'Vyoming each has 15,000. In a single year the tithings amount to $2,600,000. The sugar beet business is such a success that church leaders are in- dicted as profiteers. Its propaganda has been a fruitful tree and continues to bring forth quantities of fruit in America while Mor- mon devotees still reach hands across the sea.

MORMONISM OF TODAY AND HOW TO MEET IT

Mormonism now is in an era of adjustments. There are adjustments for the better in its practice of polygamy. To become a state the Mormon hierarchy must needs issue its Manifesto in keeping with the Edmonds-Tucker Act, confirmed by the Supreme Court in 1890. The law was not fully observed immediately nor is it fully obeyed now, especially in the remote habitations of Mormon adherents. Increasingly it is being obeyed. Nat in all cases is the-law respected any more than the Volstead Act is respected. But increasingly the law operates and the moral forces of civilization are constructively making their adjustments.

The excellent schools of Utah are forcing adjustments. As an educational system the schools of the state rank high among the state systems of the land. Interested Gentiles may think rightly that the County Boards and the control of the University are entirely in the hands of Mormon leaders. There was universal resentment when a few years ago certain professors were dismissed from the faculty of the University for teaching what was generally acknowledged truth. Yet the schools themselves, forced quite largely upon Mormon leaders by Gentile interests, mean letting in the light. The streams of light grow brighter and shine more constantly. A culture is developing formerly lacking in Mormon society as evidenced now in the faces of older adherents of the faith. Hundreds of Mormon young men and women are in attendance at colleges and universities in the east, middle west and on the Pacific Coast. Returning home these young men and women can never be the same. All along the line there are the adjustments of enlightenment.

Then it must always be remembered that the very processes of Christian civilization mean adjustment. The ice behind the mountain and in the cave shaded from the sun melts in June if it does not in April. Utah cannot be wholly isolated. It is one of the states of the United States. Its people are American citizens. One hundred thousand of its population are non-Mormon.

A paramount adjustment in Mormondom is that due to the influence of the Christian enterprise. In estimating the numerical size of this enterprise one must not only take into account the actual 10,000 Protestants of Utah, 10,000 Roman Catholics and 8,000 Greek Catholics, but also the 100,000 people of the state, a considerable number of whom were formerly Mormons, as elements of the Protestant group, as subjects for evangelization. The Inter· mountain Conference of Christian Workers at Salt Lake Citv in October 1920 went on record as follows: "Resolved that the ,~ork of evangelical Christianity in Utah and Idaho shows valuable progress and encouraging fruitage in our common faith, and we earnestly commend the constructive and conservative methods employed j and urge their continuance, with such adaption and such reinforcements as time and circumstances may suggest."

The chief emphasis for Christian work in Mormon territory must be the same as elsewhere, only more strongly placed on de- voted, efficient Christian leaders. Earnest, faithfully~ though not always adequately, supported Christian missionaries strategically located in the state has been the policy of the Christian Church, and should be continued with larger numbers than has yet been done. Church buildings inspiring respect and not contempt should be erected. Already this plan reveals its wisdom as evidenced in a number of structures in larger centers of population, especially Salt Lake City. Consecrated personality is needed more than money in . the Christian enterprise. of today. The inter-mountain area has particular need for an increase where the "harvest indeed is plenti- ful but the laborers are" few, " where seed must be Bowed in great patience and results garnered after many moons.

Fortunately missionary strategy has developed a machinery, a method and a spirit. The Home Missions Council of Utah has already found its place and brought forth the rich fruits of comity. No denomination, in place or kind of work, operates without regard to others. There is revealed in practice the unity of the spirit in the bonds of peace.

To produce a Christian leadership there must be continued the strategy of a Christian educational plan. With an improved sys· tern of public education largely forced upon the state by Christian interests the number of small denominational schools could properly be reduced. The present Christian academies should be maintained and strengthened. Perhaps two or three more in strategic locations should be added. All should work together in maintaining West- minster College of Salt Lake City as the head and heart of the whole Christian educational plan. Its new site in the outskirts of Salt Lake City overlooking the present buildings of readjusted use makes an unsurpassed location. Supported by the Presbyterians, in so far as its funds are not raised locally, it functions for all Christian bodies through its interdenominational Board of Trustees. President Rehard, in vision and accomplishment, method and spirit, is rightly recognized as the leader to a better day of Christian education for worthy leadership.

The Conference felt strongly that literature of a positive con- structive type covering the best modern conceptions of the essentials of Christian faith should be distributed in the Mormon country. It was further decided that lectures on fundamental principles of faith and by an outstanding leader of national reputation in the cities of Utah and Southern Idaho would be of large. usefulness.

* For those interested in the study of Mormonism the following books are recommended: Lihn's "The Story of Mormonism," published by the Macmillan Co.: La Rue's "Foundations of Mormonism" and Kinney's "Mormonism, the Islam of America," published by Revellj "Joseph Smith, Jr., A. a Translator," by Bishop F. S. Spau1dinr.

and the World's

.A Series of Papers on the Relation of Christian Teaching to the Peace of the World, and the effect of Missionary Work on national and international Problems CHRISTIAN PRINCIPLES IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BY REV. W. H. P. FAUNCE, LL. D., PROVIDENCE, R. I President of Brown University H AVE any of the nations which reject and abhor the pagan theory of government by brute force yet established a Christian theory of the world orded Are those nations who condemn the pagan theory as monstrous, .Christian in their in- ternational relations ~ We have accepted fairly consistent Christian ethics for the individual. We have curbed corporations and made them amenable to social obligations. We are seeking to Chris- tianize industry and commerce and municipal life. We recognize God in national holidays, proclamations, and in opening legislative.

assemblies. But in international relations we meet two startling facts. The first is that any war, undertaken for any reason whatever, is according to international law perfectly legal. The second is that neutrality, maintained by any nation in any struggle, is considered entirely moral. According to the law of nations that has developed in modern civilization, national sovereignty means the right to make war at any time on any people; and however unprovoked the attack may be, if due formalities are observed, international law cannot condemn one nation for waging war upon another. In the 20th of the Christian centuries, war is perfectly legal, and inter- national law affirms the right of any nation to wage it for any cause.

The other fact is not less startling. In the presence of any attack, however atrocious, upon a small state, any neighboring state is fully within its rights if it remains neutral. If the neighboring state sees nothing to gain by entering the struggle, it may quietly close its eyes to international crime, may complacently resolve to be neutral in word and deed and thought. That such neutrality may be itself a crime against the world-order never occurred to the founders of our system of international law. Unless we seek to change that situation we are not Christians, or even forward- looking men. .

What are the Christian principles, yet to be written into the 2S

society of. nations 1 What is a rational and Christian basis for international society~ International rivalry, suspicion, hostility, has 'based itself on alleged facts of biology, ethnology, geography and cosmic development. Christian society needs ethical foundations at least as strong and deep as those erected by the philosophy of force. The Christian principles we need are not merely exhortations to brotherly love; they are certain ineluctable and eternal truths.

The first truth is this: that we are "membe1"!s one of another." Individuals, associations, corporations, municipalities, nations-are members, united by the lasting bond of participation in a common life. The feeling of membership may be present or absent-the fact remains. "If the foot say, 'I am not of the body,' is it therefore not of. the body1" If the insurance company shall say, "I am not of the social order," is it therefore outside the order1 • If Austria or Spain snaIl say, I am not responsible to any world society, is it therefore not responsible 1 If we really are members one of another, we shall cherish respect for unlikeness. That one man is of English and another of Irish descent, that one speaks a Saxon and another a Latin language, 'will not be causes of enmity but the means of mutual enrichment. The differences between Orient and Occident are among the precious assets of civilization. If anyone of us had lived in China, and been subject to the Chinese environment, he would undoubtedly write from the top of the page to the bottom and insist on mounting a horse from the right side. In the presence of such facts we do not want toleration, but respect. Mere toleration of others' opinions, modes of speech and life is an unchristian attitude. It implies the condescension of a superior who waives his right to criticize the absurdities of an inferior. The Christian theory of life not only permits but demands differences. The Hindu poet, Tagore, sees this when he says: "Respect differences if you would find unity; you shatter difference~ only to multiply them."

On the foundation of mutual respect we build mutual responsibility. The foreigner, whose very foreignness is something precious, whose very strangeness is the supplement and completion of our partialness, is after all united with us, like islands that meet beneath the estranging sea. But our greatest difficulty is 'not the antipodes, or even with the Latin people; it is with our English kin whom we misunderstand just because we are so like them. We expect the Chinese, who live in the "land of topsy turvy" to be absurd. But the man who uses our familiar speech in a curious way, whose accent and intonation are an implicit criticism of ours, whose manners are slightly, and therefore irritatingly, differenthe rasps us, as two notes that are close together in the musical scale make the harshest discord. "Thou shalt love thy neighbor" has deep philosophy behind it, for if you can truly love your neighbor you can love anybody else in the world.

Does not this respect mean simply the old doctrine of the brotherhood of man ~ Yes, and no. No, if by brotherhood is meant a warm and generous feeling, which may vanish tomorrow when neutralized by a more primitive and powerful instinct. Yes, if we mean the clear understanding of a permanent fact. Brotherhood is not sentiment, it is intellectual understanding. Love is not in the last analysis emotion; it is perception-perception of the values under the surface of another personality or behind the strange costume and speech of another people. We cannot like all men, but we can and must love them, i. e., perceive and appreciate their value and hold it as a precious possession. To place underneath the wQrld-order the steady perception that all nations are members one of another, is the first step in Christianizing the relation of states.

The second Christian principle is this: Inequality means not a chance tor exploitation but opportunity for service. Deep in the teaching of the New Testament is the recognition of the permanent inequalities of men. The assertion of the Declaration of Independence that all men are born free and equal was never drawn from the teaching of the Nazarene, and finds no echo in St. Paul or Augustine or Luther. If it means that all should be equal in political rights and economic opportunity, it is magnificently true. But if it means to affirm equality in gifts, capacity or attainment, it runs counter to the whole Christian conception of humanity. The doctrine of brotherhood implies the contrary-brothers are never duplicates. A social club is built on a principle of identity but a family is built on the principle of unlikeness. In a family some are old and some are young, some are stalwart bread-winners, others in the cradle are simply love awakeners. But in and through this inequality the whole' family is bound together in mutual service. If ever the human society does become one family there will be as many ineqnalities in power and ability and development as we see today. Any attempt to lift man by ignoring the differences in men is doomed to failure.

But, as Macaulay said, the test of any civilization is its attitude toward the weak and the small. Nations must forever be as unequal in growth and size and capacity as individuals. There are many states in the world today, each claiming to be an independent entity. Does any man suppose that in a society of nations all can have equal voting power ~ Can all ever become equals 1 Can Siberia ever claim the leadership that belongs to Britain 1 Britain's greatness is, above all, greatness of obligation. If she uses her power to crush, to delude, to rob, to manipulate, she is an enemy to the human race. If she uses her power to serve the little states, and' by. her navy protects the rights of man, she is helping to realize the noble prophecy of Shakespeare in Henry VIII: "Those about her . . . From her shall read the perfect ways of honor, And by those claim their greatness, not by blood."

The exploitation of colonies, the enrichment of the victor by the spoliation of the conquered; the subjection of the tropics in order that they may yield ivory, or rubber~ or spices, to the temperate zone; the forcing of opium on any people whatsoever-these. are crimes whose enormity is measured not by the harm done to the weak, but by the wealth, and power, and knowledge of the superior nation, which constitute its obligation to the weak ones of the earth.

A third principle is this: security depends in the last analysis on moral force, for ill the end, moral force always conquers physical force, "Nothing is ever settled until it is settled right." Nothing is so unsettling to a world-order as the commission of an international robbery. It curseth him that loses and him that takes. The running sore of Alsace-Lorraine has for fifty years been an object lesson to the world.

I know men say, "Reason as you will, talk about right and justice as you choose, at last it comes down to bayonets, and the nation that has the most of them wins." No assertion could be more baseless. T'he nation that had the most munitions and the best trained men lost in the war because against her was the moral force of civilization. The moral force finally won physical support, but the nation that trusted in physical force could win no moral support from any other nation under heaven. "Thrice is he armed that hath his quarrel just." And he whose quarrel is unjust will not be ultimately saved by all the armies and navies of the world. Physical force never wins any permanent victory unless that force be the transient expression of It righteous purpose. The will to power has proved powerless; the will to help gets help from the whole round world.

The last Christian principle I mention is this: the universal application of the law of love. Nothing is more ominous for civilization than the ingenious attempts to side track the teaching of Christ and ignore it in the discussion of international affairs. ,]hose who say that Christ's teaching was meant only for individuals, those who explain it away as oriental exaggeration, are merely attempting to supersede Christ as the moral leader of mankind. During the war it was gravely proposed to declare a moratorium of Christian ethics until happier days should return. Christians have no use for a religion which can be applied only in days of sunshine ahd that has no application in time of storm. I cannot proclaim a moral law .which applies to two boys fighting in the street and has no reference to two nations struggling in the fi-elds "

of France or meeting in conference at Versailles. Either the teaching of Jesus applies now and here, or it applies nowhere and never. We have no use for a law of gravitation which applies to a pebble on the beach but cannot explain the revolution of the stars. We reject any Christian ethics unless it is universal in its scope and can guide a hundred million associated citizens as truly as the single peasant in his cottage. "Thou shalt love" is a law which has greatest binding force upon the greatest people, and finds its clt)arest application in the desperate emergencies of international struggle.

Can we love our npighbor while we fight him? The answer is to be found in the daily life of every hospital, and in the ethics of the medical profession. When a surgeon plunges the cold steel into quivering human flesh, he does it as the finest possible expres- sion of sympathy and mercy. He is cutting out the cancer that he may save the human life. The cutting process is the highest possible union of science and sympathy, the complete expression of the law of love. But having cut out the cancer we must proceed with the rehabilitation of the world and the construction of a social order in which such diseases shall be checked at their first appearance.

We must study preventive measures. Having shown that the nation that appeals to Caesar goes down, we must show' that the society that appeals to Christ steadily rises in peace and power and happiness. The best security league is a league of human service. The best society of national defense is the united and purified Church of Christ. The only fortress that can never be taken is the City of God.

THE SECRET OF PEACE FOR AFRICA BY RT. REV. WALTER HENRY OVERS, D. D.

Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Liberia E VERY traveler in Western Equatorial Africa must, sooner or later, come in contact with the white ant. These creatures are among the most destructive pests of the country, yet I question if anything plays a more wonderful or important part in nature. The presence of the termite is usually indicated by a large number of hills, like towers and spires, some of them fifteen or twenty feet high. Break open one of these large mounds, and there will be revealed an almost endless number of rooms displaying the wonderful wisdom of these remarkable colonists. As I have stood watching these marvelous little builders, erecting with muqh patience, their castles, tunnels, monuments and mansions, I have found myself repeating the verse of the poet: "Weare building every day In a good or evil way, I'

And the structure as it grows Must our inmost self disclose, Tilrin every arch and line All our hidden faults outshine."

In the arrangement of the white ant colony, you will behold in miniature, the modern building of the Mrican Empire. There are in every well regulated colony of termites four principal classes as follows: Explorers, Soldiers, 'Vorkers and Homebuilders.

In the development of the great African Empire everything depends upon the same four classes that I love to call the Master Build.ers. The soldIer has a place. Not, however, the native warrior with whom war was pastime, murder a luxury and plunder a daily industry.

The white ant soldier has one mission only-to protect the worker from evil interference. This is the true mission of the soldier in Africa. His presence has been found necessary to break down powerful, barbarous and savage kingdoms where "Man's inhumanity to man makes countless thousands mourn." Slavery has been rightly denounced as "the summation of all villainies. " Not until a military force was organized and gunboats were pla.ced upon the lakes and rivers and the ethics of the Gospel marched behind bayonets and the thunders of Sinai made them- selves heard beneath the roar of British guns, did Africa's greatest curse. receive its death blow.

The principle which prevails generally among the native African tribes is that "might is right." It is of the greatest im- portance that the people should be taught~ by precept and example, that the Colonial soldier is there to protect the best interests of . African life.

Some years ago British soldiers going through a newly made Protectorate proceeded to use their power by abusing the natives and taking everything of value from them. I happened to come into one of the native cities, and caught the soldiers in the very act of abuse and robbery. I insisted that they come with me to British headquarters some miles away where I presented the case to the officer in charge, who was an honor to his position. After a fair trial in which the soldiers made a full confession, he ordered a just punishment, then calling his men before him, gave them a splendid address on the true mission of the soldier in Africa. If there were more officers like that Captain, there would be less trouble in the African Colonies.

Liberia is a republic in a land of colonies, the only place in Mrica where the black man rules. In the interior of the republic are fourteen uncivilized tribes. Yet the Government keeps but a small army, known as the Liberian Frontier Force, with which to maintain peace. It is almost a miracle that from the year 1847 when the Republic was founded until now it has been able to hold its own. There have been no wars of aggression, but only efforts to preserve the peace and protect the right.

A new day appears to be dawning for the black man. Yester- day Africa was the continent of mystery~ today it is the continent of opportunity. Colonial effort should lead to civilization, develop- ment and the highest welfare of the native African.. When a colony fails in this, it matters not how great may be its commer- cial results, it forfeits its right to exist in the land of Livingstone, Victor Hugo once said: "The twentieth century will make a world out of Africa." Will this prophecy come true 1 It depends upon two things, namely, education and Christianity. After Theo- dore Roosevelt visited Africa he made the remark that "Civiliza- tion can only be permanent and continue a blessing to any people if in addition to promoting material well-being, it also stands for an orq.erly individual liberty, for the growth of intelligence, and for equal justice in the administration of law. Christianity alone meets and fulfils the'se requirements." Many people seem to think that Mohammedanism is the religion for Africa, It is true that the religion of the crescent is fast covering the Continent.

A few months ago I passed through many interior towns where there was not a single Christian teacher, but in each of these town.s there lived a Mohammedan priest. I became interested in the way these priests were supported. In the great Mohammedan center each family sets apart one member as a priest to propagate their religion and what is more, that family assumes the responsibility for the support of the priest until he has become established in some town and is able to take care of himself. No wonder Africa is becoming flooded with Mohammedanism. The representatives of this religion are not heralds of peace and good will. They believe in slavery and practice polygamy and· therefore cannot stand for the liberty of African manhood or the elevation of African woman- hood. ., I'll Africa gave birth to the law-giver Moses and sheltered the love- giver Jesus. Only by these two mighty principles-the majesty of LAW and the inspiration of LOVE can the Dark Continent come to its redemption.

A LIBERATING FORCE IN TURKEY BY REV. JAMES L. BARTON, D. D., BOSTON, MASS.

Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions WHEN we attempt to account for the significant changes that have come over the Asiatic world in the last three genera- tions, foreign missions must be given much credit for the liberation of forces for Christian civilization. In 1820 American missionaries entered the Ottoman Empire with simple Christianity, the printing press, modern medicine and Western education, all of which were comparatively new to the entire country stretching from the Adriatic to the Caspian Sea and south to the Persia'll Gulf. The West had little knowledge of the races which occupied that vast territory, so that the reports of the tours of exploration were as eagerly read at home as have been the expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic Poles during the last decade. The Armenians, the Georgians, the Kurds, the Bulgarians and the Albanians were almost unknown peoples~ and the Turk was understood chiefly as a fighter who had once achieved great military fame but whose crescent was upon the decline.

While Americans knew little of these peoples, they knew far less of us. Some of them had never heard of America, and even the Turk was slow to believe that the name stood for a country that was worthy of special consideration. United States Consuls and diplomatic agents in due time followed the missionaries, and thus the official and more advanced leaders among the ruling classes began to realize that in the Western world there was a considerable country known as America.

It was, however, through the missionaries that these peoples began to comprehend something of the true spirit and character of Americans. '1'he multiplication of schools which culminated in colleges for both men and women convinced them that Amedea believed in education for both sexes. The increase in printing establishments with the rapid production of text books, general, religious and periodical literature in vast quantities and in the vernaculars of the people, awakened dormant intellects to inquiry and farther research, opening before 'all a new c.onception of a vast outside world of facts, ideas and ideals.

The establishment of modern hospitals, together with the promulgationof the Christian principles, helped the people to understand that religion lcannot be wholly embodied in ceremonies. The people were taught to have a clearer comprehension of religion and primarily of Christianity.

These forces of enlightenment and awakening have affected directly and indirectly succeeding generations of leaders in all races, but chiefly among the Armenians, Bulgarians and Turks. This peaceful penetration of the forces of Christian civilization was not without its disturbing elements. The entrance of light produces unrest and commotion among devotees of darkness. Tyranny revolts against any general elevation of the intellectual standards of the masses. Intelligence and righteousness has always been an enemy of injustice and tyranny. Christ came not to bring peace but a sword and set various forces against one another. He did it, as the martyrdoms of the centnries witness, and yet He laid down the only possible foundation for a universal and an abiding foundation for world peace. .

Fanaticism and slavish devotion to tradition and form· have always been the implacable foe of progress and reason. The missionaries_ were confronted with the fixed traditions of the oriental churches and the uncompromising prejudice and hatred of the Moslems. At the outset, there was no common ground upon which·the, Christian ideas and ideals of the West could meet the conservatism and prejudice of the people of Turkey.

It was inevitable that the introduction of the study of modern history and sciences, international law, the science of government, economics and many allied topics, together with the English lan- guage, should have resulted in unrest. It was inevitable that the Armenians in the East and the Bulgarians upon the West should have become conscious of the injustice of the treatment they were receiving from the hand of their rulers and should begin to seek some way of relief. This necessarily led to internal political unrest, bringing the oppressed races into closer sympathetic relations with the nations of the West.

The schools begun by the missionaries became the models upon which native populations developed national schools and in which subjects were pursued similar to those taught in American schools and colleges. In this way progress spre3id over the country and out of these institutions large numbers of men and not a few women came to Europe and America for farther study. Many returned as confirmed advocates of liberty for the oppressed, and committed to national and social reforms.

A superficial observer might say that the entrance of mission- aries into Turkey brought only unrest. That it did bring intellect- ual, religious and physical unrest, all admit, but these are not incompatible with the creation of conditions favorable for perman- ent peace. How else can we explain the turning of all these varied peoples towards the country from which these missionaries came when asked their choice for a mandatory power? They had learned to put supreme confidence in thecharacter~ the principles of govern- ment and the administrative and religious fairness of America through its representatives who had dwelt and labored among them for three generations. They had become capable of understanding the importance and significance of sound international relationships based upon the principles that guarantee peace. They have come to prefer peace to war and disorder and are ready t6 submit to such measures as will secure it. For this reason the Armenians and Bulgarians have applied for membership in the League of Nations while the Georgians, the Albanians, the Kurds, the Arabs, the Greeks and the Syrians are either directly or indirectly co- operating with the League or looking to it for aid in securing peace. If missionaries had not entered Turkey a century ago and there planted institutions of spiritual religion, education and benffiicence, the question of pacifying the areas then occupied by Turkey would have been vastly more complicated than it is today. The missionaries have prepared the way for an enlightened political service in the Near East in the interest of the permanent pacifica- tion of that troubled area.

If America could be persuaded to assume this responsibility, and if the military forces of the Allies would withdraw from the area under American general control fighting would soon cease. The half million or more refugees now unable to return to their homes and long the objects of charity, would be repatriated and speedily become self-supporting. Many of the more than two hundred thousand orphans and half orphans would find friends to care for them from among these repatriated refugees. With the advent of peace would come the development of industries which for five years have been paralyzed~ thus giving remunerative employment.

Missionary schools of all grades would begin to operate at full capacity to meet the already urgent and almost universal demand for modern education from all classes throughout the country. From the many colleges would emerge men to cooperate in per- fecting a practical government and in developing the industrial, agricultural and commerc~al resources of the country.

The government afforded by American help would at once ex- tend lines of communication, open the many mines in the country, introduce modern methods of agriculture and convert that land of strife, poverty and despair into a country of industrial and social prosperity. The introduction of religious liberty, freedom from persecution and the recognized right of every man, woman and child to live in peace and free from fear, would in itself constitute a revolution of sweeping significance. Missionaries and the insti- tutions they have planted there, the ideals they have inculcated, the men and women they have trained, the principles they have estab- lished and the confidence they have won would make the carrying out of such a program camparatively simple and effective. The preliminary work has been done; the foundations have been laid. The· conditions are now ripe for the erection upon the ruins of the old sin-cursed Near East of a new structure whose pillar shall be righteousness and whose canopy peace.

THE CURE FOR INDIA'S UNREST BY REV. W. L. FERGUSON, D. D., RAMAPATNAM, SOUTH INDIA ,I Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society NDIA is coming to the front rapidly in many ways. Some day she may become a world power; she is already assuming the dimensions of a world problem. In population she stands second in the world and she is growing at the rate of about 8,500 a day, 250,000 it month, or 3,000,000 a year. This means that she is great in man-power. She is great economically, being first in the amount of rice produced; first in tea; first in cane-sugar; first in the number of cattle raised; first in jute; second in cotton; fifth in wheat; and fourth or fifth in the world's trade as an importer and exporter. India has great cities, as Madras, Bombay and Calcutta; great harbors; great railway systems, with nearly 32,000 miles of lines in use. She has thousands of miles of well made roads and one of the cheapest and best post and telegraph systems in the world. She has gold mines being worked on a paying basis; she has deposits of iron which are being developed with Indian capital by one of the greatest corporations in all the East; she has coal, though not of the best quality; she has salt, which is a government monopoly; she has petroleum, rubies and teak-wood in Burma; she has coffee, spices, medicinal herbs, seeds and gums; she has cocoanuts, peanuts and oils for export; and she has fisheries which promise to be of untold value.

These facts indicate some of the possibilities of India as an economic factor in the world's commerce. What constitutes the world problem is India's huge population and its overflow into other lands, as East Africa, South Africa, the Straits Settlements, Fiji Islands, Mesopotamia, the West Indies, South America, Canada and the Pacific coast of the United States of America. It is economic pressure which forces peoples to migrate. India is overflowing just as are China and Japan, although Japan has nearly twice the per capita wealth' that China and India can claim. India's population is increasing altogether out of proportion to the increase of her wealth or the productiveness of her soil. From remote times all the best agricultural lands have been under the plow, and in recent times most of the remaining cultivable land has been brought to bear more or less perfectly; but the growth of harvests does not keep pace with the growth of population, which: during the past ten years has been something between 25,000,000 and 30,000,000. Government has done much in seeking to improve agriculture by constructing irrigation works and by opening agricultural schools and colleges. The conservatism of past ages, however, clings to the great agricultural classes which form some 85% of the population, and new ideas and methods are slow of finding a reception. This keeps down the production of the soil.

On the other hand caste customs decree early marriages, so much so that girls are mothers at thirteen or fifteen ordinarily, and in many cases boys are fathers before they are through high school. This sends popUlations up and thus the land becomes overcrowded and its crops insufficient to provide an abundance for all. The result is greater demand for what exists and higher prices year after YElar. For the past twenty years there has been a steady in- crease in the prices of staple food-stuffs and supplies; and the great world war has created the same shortages and evils following as have resulted in all the rest of the world. Consequently Indiajs in more or less of "unrest."

The "unrest" not only shows itself in opposition to the British Government in India and constant criticism thereof, but also in an irritated state of feeling against other governments,-towards South Africa and Canada for refusing to admit Indians into these colonies on equal terms with native born citizens or immigrants of European descent; towards Fiji for importing Indian labor on contract and for the ills attendant on such a system; towards America for her laws excluding Asiatic laborers from temporary or permanent residence; and towards Australia for keeping up a color bar and pursuing a policy of "a white Australia~" and so on around the circle of international relations.

Again, the "unrest" is seen in labor troubles, strikes, riots and occasional lootings, such .as followed the last year of the war and occurred during the first year of peace following the armistice; and it is seen in the religio-political coalition which has take!! place between Mohammedans and Hindus in regard to the peace treaty with the Turkish Empire and the resulting status of the "kalifat."

Bolshevism is seeking entrance to India in the hope that "unrest"

will furnish the soil all prepared for the reception of its seed; and it is looking to India to furnish one of the most stupendous upris- ings the world has ever seen. The peril is not fanciful, but real, for there are forces both within and without India which are con- spiring to bring this about, all of them more or less reactionary, anti-government, atheistic, agnostic, or godless. '

Over against this picture must be placed another~ which is far brighter, but by no means so bright as one could wish. It is the picture of the triumphs of the Gospel in India. Wherever that Gospel has been presented and found ready acceptance, there "unrest" is at a minimum and loyalty to Government as by law established is at a maximum j and generally speaking good rela- tions subsist between the Indians and foreigners. Nothing so serves to break down the "middle wall of partition" which sep- arates race from race and class from class as this message of love, fraternity and peace. None but the Father Above knows how far the influence of the Good News of Christ has gone towards keeping India as a whole in a state of peace for the past many decades. An official in an important province once said regarding an American missionary lady within his district, "Her presence is equal to that of a regiment of soldiers." Whatever else may be said, this is certain, that nUssionaries who have been some years in the service have seen races flow together under the influence of the Gospel and in respqnse to its behest. We have seen Tamils, Telugus, Kanarese, Malayalims, Burmans, Assamese, Garos, Ceylonese, Punjabis, Deccanis and a host of others come together in a great Christian convention and make no distinction en account. of race or color, since all were happy and conscious of their oneness in Christ. The same thing is true of the All Iuma Christian Congress, and in the National Missionary Council of India, in which Indians, Americans, Canadians, English, Scots and Australians meet as equals, coworkers for the Kingdom of God. Such demonstrable proof of the power of the Gospel to overleap racial and national bounds within India makes one feel certain that it can and will also overleap the barriers in the outer world, once it has a chance to operate on an extensive scale.

Here, however, comes in the difficulty of our slowness vigorously to press forward with evangelism, and the expanding and upbuilding processes which inevitably must follow it. The spirit of Christ is the only true basis for a sound internationalism ·and the only guarantee for a right and enduring world peace. Wherever the Gospel has been diligently proclaimed there its effects are manifest. Through preaching, through the influence of primary schools, high schools, colleges, alid professional institutions, through the translation and wide-spread circulation of the Scriptures and an increasing Christian literature, and through the influence of a multitude of earnest "living epistles" a deep impression has been made and is being made on multitudes. In localities where this has occurred community living is on a higher plane, the impact of Christ on the home, the business man, the teacher, the lawyer, the physician and the journalist is more in evidence, and the relations between the various castes, races and creeds are decidedly better. What has been done is an earnest of what may be done, and constitutes a call to enlarged service and a "gUarantee of success. The times are clamant for the vigorous pressing on of the conflict of light against .darkness till the darkness shall be overcome.

DEVELOPING CHARACTER IN CHINA BY REV. A. L. WARNRHUIS, SHANGHAI W HATEVER happens in China is of immediate and great concern to Japan, America, Great Britain, France, Nether- lands, Belgium, and other nations. China possesses treasures of mineral wealth and other natural resources, with an almost unlimited supply of labor. These treasures are needed by the rest of the world in its economic and industrial reconstruction. Were anyone nation to attempt the development of these natural resources for itself the jealousy, rivalry and opposition aroused in other nations would inevitably lead to war.

China is a menace to the peace of the world because of -its own political weakness. The militarism which exists in Japan is certainly objectionable, but its evil consequences will affect Japan more than any other country. China has suffered from Japan's militarism, but Japaq is not the cause of China's weakness and China will never be ruled by Japan. The more serious possibility is that in the course of the next century or two China may absorb Japan. As the great mass of China, now almost formless, develops nerves and central ganglia and becomes one of the greatest organ- ized states of the world, it will dominate the Far East.

The cause of China's present weakness is within the nation itself but its weakness does not consist in the lack of an army or navy. One of China's troubles is that rival military groups are using up the country's revenues in unproductive expenditure. Neither is poverty China's weakness, for it is rich~ almost beyond measure, in undeveloped resources. Even the lack of modern educa- tion does not explain this weakness. The nation has able men who have been in power and others who still exercise political power. It is not ability that China lacks so much as she lacks character in her government officials. This is a terrible indictment to bring against a people that for so many centuries has paid lip service to a system of morality with truly high ideals. This lack of charac- ter is as evident since the establishment of the Republic as it was under the imperial rule. Indeed, many affirm that corrupt govern- ment, which is not mere inefficiency but is real dishonesty and sel- fishness, is worse now than before the imperial government was overthrown. China today needs leaders who will be honest and faithful, ~elf-sacrificing and sincere patriots.

Western civilization, unless it is dominated by Christ, is not only powerless to produce such men, but its influence is positively bad. "Except so far as our Christianity has permeated our Wes- tern impact upon the East~ that impact has been positively harmful and bad. It has broken down what was innocent and good; it has destroyed the moral and industrial organization of old societies, and, save as in some measure Christian principles have been em- bodied in it, it has been a visibly deteriorating and destructive power."· The proof of this may be seen in Shanghai, Constan- tinople, Africa, the South Sea Islands, and in some of the foreign students who live for a time in America without experiencing genuine Christian influences. The visible results of the impact of Western civilization without Christianity has led Chinese and Turks . to say that they want none of such civilization.

Christian missionaries in their schools and churches are pro- moting peace in the Far East by giving.to China the men that will make it a strong nation. It is easy in these days to make a fairly long list of lead€rs prominent in national affairs and active • "The Gospe] and the New World"-Speer. page 145. in provincial and other grades of office, both military and civil, who are strong Christians and who are witnessing a good confession often in spite of much opposition and serious difficulty. This list is growing rapidly.

These Chinese Christian leaders are to be found in all parts of the country. Such men as these are the hope of China. The Christian community is rapidly increasing in size, and the influence of these Christian men and women in political affairs is already out of all proportion to their numbers. These are the men who, under God, will be the leaders in making China a great nation. In developing these men and women of strong~ upright character, Christian missions are most effectively promoting the peace of the world.

INTERPRET'lNG CHRISTIANITY TO JAPAN BY REV. A. J. STIREWALT, JAPAN T HE INFLUENCE of Christian missions on the national life of Japan is seldom recognized by the overwhelming non- Christian masses, but occasionally a voice is heard from among the unprejudiced thinking classes, ascribing value to Christian influence. When California legislation for limiting property rights of Japanese subjects was being agitated, certain periodicals of Japan appealed to the missionaries to assist in bringing about a peaceful solution, recognizing that Christianity stands for justice. Perhaps there is no nation whose people are so sensitive to the opinions of others as the Japanese. Daily incidents arising while mingling with the people, as well as certain attitudes taken by groups, establish this fact. There is no class of outsiders in her midst of whom she is so conscious as those who represent Christianity. In all probability this.is because of the standards-Christian standards-with which they compare the country's attitudes and actions. The number of Christians in the national Diet is greatly out of proportion to the Christian population, and they are in a position to exert an influence.

Japan has been unjustly critidsed in matters pertaining to peace. If she has an army and a navy it is because she thinks they are necessary for self-preservation, and she claims that they are only what other nations have. If she has been ready to use such forces, perhaps she has had as much occasion for it as other nations. If Christian nations go to war, we cannot demand that the 230,.000 Christians in Japan be able to keep her 63,000,000 non-Christians out of war. But since Christians, because of their different standards of life, because of their practice of a higher conception of the relationship between man and man, are exerting an influence out of proportion to their number, it would be but natural for the Christian constituency to have an influence out of proportion to its number on this matter of world peace. The great social questions which have unsettled the world's peace, and which have plunged certain nations into chaos and suffering are extant in Japan. The government is sensitive to the situation, and is seeking to avert unfortunate conditions which have befallen those other countries. Labor has been recognized, and is being rewarded as was never supposed to be possible. J apan~ in trying to solve her problems is studying the experience of other countries. Fortunately, those countries by which she is most in- fluenced are the so-called Christian nations. We would naturally expect Japan to follow Christian standards in adjusting her part of the world problem to a proportionate degree that so-called Chris- tian nations make Christian principles the underlying factors in the solution of their parts of the problem. The representatives of . Christian missions are, to no small degree, the interpreting factors of what takes place in their own lands.

But the development of a Christian consciousness among the Christian consitutency on the field is a factor not to be ignored. This includes men whose exalted conscience and fine sense of justice and equity and love for peace, based on Christian truth, compare well with those found in any part of Christendom. Such men are seen as lights. Their teaching is filled with power. Their infIu- -ence permeates all society.

SPREADING THE CHRISTIAN SPIRIT IN KOREA BY O. R. AVISON, M. D., SEOUL, KOREA T HE GEOGRAPHICAL position of Korea has made it a buffer state between Siberia and Japan, and between China and Japan. Its weakness stood in the way of active military resistance, and the peaceful inclination of its people prevented any military preparation. Its strong desire for peaee was shown by devastating a strip of its northern border to create a literal "no man's land."

The Koreans have ever shovm great interest in literary and spiritual things. The coming of Roman Catholic missionaries, more than sixty years ago, afforded a clearer conception of God than their own religion had ever given them, and they entered the fold of that Church in considerable numbers. Protestant missionaries entered in 1885 with a still clearer teaching concerning God's rela- tion to man, and now 300,000 Koreans are Protestant Christians. They have clearly grasped the conception of God as the Father of mankind and Christ as the Saviour. They have also grasped the . plan of Jesus for the extension of His Kingdom to such an extent that the work of evangelization in Korea'has nearly all been done by Korean Christians, and they have also gone into Shantung and Manchuria with the Gospel. They are planning to enlarge their evangelistic work already begun in eastern Siberia.

SPREADING THE CHRISTIAN SPIRIT IN KOREA

Since the religion of Jesus Christ is a powerful factor in promoting peace by the development of love in the heart, instead of hatred and suspicion; and in developing the power of love, rather than the overcoming power of military force, the missionaries of Christ in Korea are training workers who manifest the spirit of their Master, and teach His laws. This will influence China, which in turn will be a powerful force for righteousness in the world. If Korean Christians can proclaim the love of Christ effectively in China, she may be a peace-making force~ rather than a menace. Korea is especially well fitted to be a spiritual power for evangelization and Christianization because of her receptivity· toward Christianity, her practice of its virtues, and her missionary spirit. Thus the time and money spent in the Christianization of Korea will be far more effective than that spent in many other lands.

The part taken by Christians in the recent protests of Korea against the rule of Japan only proves that Christianity sets in operation the thinking powers of those who really absorb its teachings. True, Christianity has always fostered democratic ideals, and caused unrest in countries ruled by autocratic princes. It does set up a struggle against oppression, and develops a demand for fairness and justice. These states of mind naturally create a demand for changes in favor of righteous dealing with the masses. l'he only remedy for unrest and dissatisfaction with ignorance and oppressiJon is more of the Spirit of Christ, both in the classes and in the masses. This will make the people less unreasonable and impatient in their demands, and the rulers more willing to give good government and equal privileges to alL Peace will thus take the place of unrest, nations will dwell side by side without envy, and the Kingdom of God will be seen on earth.

CHRISTIAN INTERVENTION IN LATIN AMERICA BY REV. G. B. WINTON, D. D., NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE D ISTURBANCES of the world's p.eace are of two kinds~ inter- national and "intra-state"-to borrow a word from the railway officials. The Christian belief in the value of the individual, equality before the law, intellectual enlightenment and spiritual liberty, tend, without doubt, to unsettle conditions in those countries where government and privilege have been for the few at the expense of the many. Christian missionaries, working as did their Master, among the poor, contribute to this unsettlement. At the same time, their converts and the youths trained in their schools are a leaven in the revolutionary g"roups that makes for moderation, for peaceful measures wherever possible, and for personal integrity. This contribution has been, in the Hispanic American republics, of hitherto unrecognized value, and the future

will see its influence greatly extended. Evangelical missions in those countries have had as yet scarcely a generation in which to operate. On international relationships, their influencel is much larger, though perhaps more difficult to appraise. ,All Latin America is bent on being republican, having taken the infection from the United States of America.

The commercial mind is frankly selfish. American business men in Latin America are concerned only with dividends; from investments. The missionary, on the contrary, is concerned only with the welfare of the people. It is from them that he looks for spiritual dividends on his investment of life and labor. He believes that the Christian religion will help Latin Americans to a better government, and to improved economic conditions~ but his direct objective is to raise the intellectual and moral level of the people themselves. Living among them, he comes to know them as no other foreigner ever knows them. On the basis of this knowledge, he invariably becomes their advocate. Over against the gibes of tourists, the contempt of investors and the book "cure-aIls" of the politically-minded, he defends them for their docility, their hospital ity and their native sprightliness.

The missionaries are against intervention by the United States. Training for citizenship is not to be handed down from above by a supergovernment, and at the point of bayonets. Virtually all of these unstable republics to the south of us are large enough and proud enough to force us, if we interfere at all, to do so by arms. See even the Island of Santo Domingo. Simple as the problem there seemed, those two dusky "republics" have become a veritable "tar baby" for American diplomacy.

The part played by men trained in mission schools in recent government affairs has not been overlooked. The Mexicans~ the thoughtful Mexicans, ofall classes have drawn two inferences that bear directly on the peace of Latin America. The first is that the missionaries are their friends and their true interpreters to the American people; and second that the missionaries represent the attitude of the great mass of normal, distinterested, fair-minded citizens of this country. The Mexicans wish to have peace with the United States, for they greatly dread a war that might lead to the loss of their national integrity, and they look to the missionaries to continue to help preserve that peace.

Of every Latin American country the same things will, in any issue, prove true. The missionaries are the friends and the true interpreters of those countries. They are engaged in a labor which will not only tend to make those republics better able to maintain pacific internal conditions, but will raise them to a level when collisions with other nations will be less likely to occur.

A REMINDER OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS IN SANTO

Three Crosses in a Dominican village, marking the site of a battle in which Columbus was almost overpowered by Indians The Missionary Problem of Santo Domingo BY SAMUEL GUY INMAN Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation for Latin America F EW Americans realize how extensively and with what rapidity is growing our far-flung battle-line. We generally think of our America as limited to the forty-eight states represented in Congress. It is a positive shock therefore for the ordinary American to travel through the various Caribbean countries, and there to come face to face with the predominance of the influence of the United States in these little (so-called) republics. This influence has increased gradually but very steadily. As the result of the Spanish-American War America came into possession of Porto Rico. Cuba was turned back to her own people, but, by means of the Platt Amendment, a virtual protectorate is maintained in that country and a naval station is held at Guantanamo. The Panama Canal was built and the United States took control of the Canal Zone with the Panamanian Republic itself under our influence. In 1912 we sent marines into Nicaragua to restore order. and since that time we have maintained a garrison of at least a hundred marines in the capital city, Managua.

In 1915 one of the worst of Haiti's many disturbances caused Admiral Caperton to land marines on that Island, and under their directions new elections were held. A treaty was signed which gives the United States practical control of the country. A year later a revolution in Santo Domingo was the cause for landing marines there, and when the government then in power would not 43

agree to sign a satisfactory treaty Rear Admiral Knapp declared martial law and put himself at the head of the government with the title of "Military Governor." The Dominican Congress was adjourned by the military authorities and since then the government of the republic has been entirely by decrees of the military Governor, carried out by the armed forces of the United States Navy and Marine Corps.

At about this same time the United States bought the Virgin Islands. We have also exercised a very strong influence in Costa Rica, Honduras, Salvador and Guatemala., so that traveling through these little countries one is overwhelmed with the conviction that the United States holds them in the hollow of its hand. A tremendous responsibility is thus put upon us. We have heretofore been known to these people too largely through our marine corps and battleships, and too little through those forces which would demonstrate to them our belief in servi.ce, sacrifice and idealism.

Strangely enough these countries in which the United States exercises such a predominant influence are the very countries in all the world where American Christians have done little missionary work. The appeal presented to us by these lands is not simply the need growing out of their degradation, lack of education and lack of spiritual light, but the demand on us is imperative because we have made ourselves responsible for their political and commercial life. They have the-refore the right to look to us as no other couutry for the spiritual blessings that they lack.

THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC In the Dominican Republic the United States is at the present time absolutely sovereign, since there is no Dominican government. It is also the country where less evangelical work has been done than in almost any other of the countries mentioned, except Haiti. It occupies two-thirds of the island which Columbus called His- paniola, the other third being occupied by the Republic of Haiti. The island lies squarely between Cuba and Porto Rico and is about two-thirds as large as Cuba, and seven times as large as Porto' Rico, or nearly equal to New England, omitting Maine.

Santo Domingo and Haiti should not be confused nor classified – together. Haiti is a Negro republic; with something of a French background, at least for the cultured classes. French is the official language~ with most of the two and a half million Haitians speaking a patois, combination of French, English and African languages. It is the "black man's paTadise."

Santo Domingo, on the other hand, has a Spanish background and Spanish is universally spoken by its inhabitants, with the exception of the few West Indian Negroes, coming from English colonies, who speak the English language. While there i!! a great deal of Negro blood, the racial mixture is very complete and the typical citizen may exhibit predominant characteristics of either the white, the black or the ordinary mestizo of other Latin American countries. On the Samana peninsula there is a colony of American Negroes who migrated there from the United States in 1830· and have maintained their American customs and language. The Spanish consciousness is strong in spite of the great mixture of African blood. The very black mayor of an inland town said to a naval officer in the course of a conversation: "Your argument is all right for an Anglo Saxon but we Latins are different.

The politeness so characteristic of the Latin American is evident on every side. The gracious hospitality that'offers the home to the guest with the assurance that "it is your house," is still prevalent in Santo Domingo. The idealism of the Spaniard, that often drives the Latin American to extremes of individualistic effort, to intolerance of a foe and the worship of a friend, also leads the Dominican to take himself very seriously, to speak much of liberty and democracy, but to find it very difficult to sacrifice personal differences for the good of the whole.

The climate of Santo Domingo is characterized by heat and humidity. It is, however, tempered and rendered. bearable by cooling breezes which are seldom absent. Being very mountainous (five chains of mountains stretch through the island), the readily accessible areas of higher elevation afford a variety of temperature conditions at any time of the year that is unusual in so small a country. The country consists of extensive plains and broad fertile valleys, surrounded by mountains of various heights, well irrigated by abundant streams and rivers. The soil is very fertile. and the coastline is well indented with excellent harbors and bavs. One of the naval authorities has said that Santo Domingo is m~re capable of caring for a dense population than any other like-sized territory in the whole world.

Santo Domingo is also rich in historic interest. It is the oldest of all the permanent settlements on American soil. Here Columbus founded various colonies and -Santo Domingo City became his favorite of all the New World. It was here that he spent some of the happiest time of his life and here that he was reduced to prison by his political enemies and from here he was sent in chains and disgrace to Spain. The old tower where he was imprisoned still remains and his bones lie in the great cathedral of Santo Domingo City.

In this oldest city of the New World one still sees the remains of the first church built in America. Its foundations were laid in 1502. Here is the house where Cortez kept the court records before he had ever heard of Mexico. From here Ponce de Leon set out in his search for the Fountain of Youth. Here lived Pizarro before A TYPICAL PROTESTANT CHAPEL IN SANTO DOMINGO This shack and a similar one, both occupied by small Negro congregations, represent Protestantism in the capital city of Santo Domingo –C"I '….. • ,""~"-'.~.j. -~ .".– – -b:U'. r( .. c he went to Panama and sailed down the West Coast to conquer the Inca Empire. Here was founded the first university of the New WorId when in 1538 a royal charter was granted for tIle establish- ment of the university of St. Thomas.

Unfortunately this glorious history was not maintained. Fifty years after the first settlement the Indians had almost been exter- minated by the cruelty of their masters and the finest of the Conquistadores had moved on to conquer new and more glorious worlds. For nearly three centuries Santo Domingo dropped out of the notice of the world. In the early part of the nineteenth century, when the other Spanish colonies were declaring their in- dependence and establishing republics Santo Domingo endeavored to join this movement, but she was overpowered by the Negro -despot of Haiti and was held under the dominance of the Negro repUblic until 1844. Then followed twenty years of independent life, filled with revolution, after which the country again put itself under Spain for some five years. Again declaring itself as a republic it entered an independent existence until 1916, when the government was taken over by the United States Navy.

So it will be seen that from the time of its discovery Santo Domingo has had a great va.riety of government, which has been accompanied by all kinds of strife and turmoil. Being about the size of Ireland, it also reminds one in its political difficulties of that ill fated land. During her seventy years of national life nineteen constitutions have been promulgated and there have been fortythree presidents. only three of whom have completed their terms of office; two were killed, twenty deposed. and others resigned more or less willingly. It is a country where until recently, time has stood still. The military government established in Santo Domingo by the United States Navy has eliminated revolutions-the bane of the country for a century-is building roads and port works, gradually paying off of the national debt, improving sanitary conditions, providing stable conditions for business and improving the educational system.

These improvements are, however, made at the expense of much bad feeling between the governors and the governed. A military government is not designed to win a people or to develop them in self-expression or prepare them for self-government. Martial law means regulation of every detail of life. People cannot meet in public gatherings to discuss their problems. The newspapers cannot discuss political questions and criticisms of the military government are not permitted.

In the second place. a foreign military government conducted THE; ROMAN CATHOLIC CE;NTER IN SANTO DOMINGO This is the Cathedra] in Santo Domingo City- wherein the bones of Christopher Columbus are said to have been placed. largely by those who cannot speak the language of the country and who have no idea of their history or national psychology must necessarily be an unjust government. Even a fine spirit of service cannot keep the officials from making great mistakes when they arbitrarily determine problems of taxation, education and economic and social life.

The greatest objection to the present method, however, is that the people are not being prepared for self-government. The Dominicans have no responsibility placed. upon them. They have no incentive toward progress except material prosperity. More of their children may be taught to read and write and more may enjoy automobile rides on good roads, but the present military government by its very nature cannot give itself to the development of the nobIer things of life. In the interior of the country, development is still held back by serious disorder which in four years the marines have been unable to suppress.

The continuance of a severe censorship is probably doing more to cause dissatisfaction than anything else. Not long ago three Dominican newspaper men were arrested for criticising the military government, and their cases were transferred from the provost court to a military court martial. This news leaked out and was cabled all over Latin America, causing intense indignation.

As the interior of the country is rather mountainous the people live in the pockets of these mountains or down in the valleys, completely cut off from the outside world. Many country people cannot count to more than five or six. The densest ignorance prevails, not only in the country districts but among a large part of the inhabitants of the cities themselves. In the country as a whole it is estimated that from ninety to ninety-five per cent. of the people are unable to read and write.

A generation ago, education in the Republic took on a remark- ~le revival, under the inspiration of Eugenio de Hostos, who, although born in Porto Rico, gave most of his life to Santo Domingo. Few men are so revered by the people. He was a born pedagogue, that rare combination of profound student and inspiring instructor. He left some forty volumes of writings.

The American military occupation found about 20,000 pupils in schools. These pupils were mostly in little 'private schools subsidized by the government 'in which the one teacher who held the classes in a room of her own house taught all the grades. Not only pedagogical, but hygienic and moral conditions were usually very low.

The advance in primary education made since the American occupation is nothing less than astounding. Colonel Lane of the Marine Corps, who until recently was Minister of Education, was widely known for his singular devotion to his task. Beyond a correctional school and agricultural school, however, the latter not yet in operation, no industrial work is being done or contemplated by the Government. Colonel Lane believes that the government's first job is to teach the children to read and to write since the object of the American occupation is to establish a capable self-governing people, and since funds are so limited he is bending every energy toward this single object. Nothing has yet been done toward training teachers, except the adding of two grades of normal training to the one high school in the capital. In the tremendous speeding up of primary education" all kinds of teachers and buildings have had to be used. Old stables, jails and all kinds of buildings are laid hold of, hastily cleared out and schools installed. The school enrolment has grown to the remarkable figure of 100,000.

The present budget for public instruction is $1,500,000, one-third of the amount being furnished by the national -treasury, another third by the municipalities and another by special taxes. It will probably be some time before, in justice to the people, this amount can be greatly augmented. The great need for. help from outside forces is therefore easily seen, especially along the lines of industrial training and pre'paration of teachers.

There are a very few private schools, religiousl or secular, in the country. In the capital there are two small commercial schools giving courses in the evenings and a girls' private school with 140 enrolled, giving courses from kindergarten, through the primary grades. The Episcopalians conduct a small primary school for American children in the rector's residence. The Catholic Church maintains Colegio San Tomas with miserable equipment, enrolling some twenty-one boys with eight students for the priesthood. There are few private schools of any consequence outside the capital. The few primary schools conducted by Protestants are: a day school, with fifty pupils, conducted by the African Methodists at San Pedro de Macoris; also a day school conducted by the Moravians in the same city; both for English-speaking Negroes. The African Methodists also have schools in Santo Domingo City. The Free Methodist Church is conducting the only missionary school in Sp"anish on the Island,-at San Francisco de Macoris. They have done a splendid work in spite of great handicaps in equipment and sufficient teachers.

The Roman Catholic Church has lost the prestige' of the old days, and if it were not for the popular archbishop, who is in many ways not only a fine man but the most popular citizen of Santo Domingo, it is hard to know what would be the state of the Churcl. Noone seems to regard it in a serious light or as having anything to do with present day life and problems. Reports everywhere concerning the priesthood indicate that they are generally low bred and immoral. The African Methodist Episcopal Church has the oldest Protest- ant work iii. Santo Domingo. It was established in 1830, encour- aged by President Boyer, who made great promises to the Negroes in the United States concerning the privileges he would grant them, which promises he never filled. The colony maintained its integrity nevertheless, and today it reminds one very much of the Negroes in the southern part of the United States. Their church at Samana is credited with having 325 members, most of whom speak English.

They have two day schools, two Sunday-schools and four workers altogether in Samana. In San Pedro de Macoris they have a church building with 300 members. They have also a small chapel in Santo Domingo City.

In Santo Domingo City there is one other little chapel which A FLOURISHING MORAVIAN SUNDAY·SCHOOL AT SAN PEDRO DE MACORIS has been transferred from the Missionary Alliance to the Moravians. 1'his is also for English-speaking Negroes. The Episcopalians hold services for Americans in the Customs Collector's building. There are no services in Spanish. The Moravians have work in San Pedro de Macoris and also at La Romana, but their work is also for English-speaking Negroes.

The Wesleyan Methodists have had work in Santo Domingo for at least half a century. The Rev. W. Mears who is in charge of the work is much discouraged by the lack of support from the home base. There is an English-speaking church at Puerto Plata which has exerted a fine influence in the community. Mr. Mears had also recently begun meetings in Spanish. There are small Wesleyan congregations in Sanchez, Samana and Montecristi.

Some independent workers of the Free Methodists came to Santo Domingo in 1890 and began work in Spanish. This work was later adopted by their Mission Board. There are now ten or eleven missionary workers located in the northern towns of Santiago, Moca, Sanchez, and San Francisco de Macoris. They are consecrated people, but suffering greatly from lack of equipment.

This is the only Spanish-speaking work on the island, with the exception of a few little independent groups that usually meet in private houses. • The Episcopal Church has just begun work in Santo Domingo City under the superintendence of Archdeacon Wyllie, who, with his good wife, is indispensable to the American colony in Santo Domingo. At San Pedro de Macoris there is a small church which is also connected with the Episcopalian Church. Other services are held as opportunity offers in neighboring towns and sugar plantations. The present work and all planned is in English.

PLANS FOR UNITED WORK Because Santo Domingo is such a needy mISSIOn field, because of the peculiarly heavy responsibility that the United States has for the Dominican people, because of the growing spirit of unity manifested in many cooperative enterprises that have been developed during the last five years among the Mission Boards working in Latin America, an advance plan for united work- in Santo Domingo has been approved by several mission boards. This plan consists of a union board of trustees whose membership shall be made up of representatives of the various denominational mission boards desirous of working in Santo Domingo. The united board has selected a superintendent under whose direction shall be the work in Santo Domingo, and he is now on the ground.

So far the General Home Board of the Methodist Episcopal Church and the Woman's Board of that Church. the general Home Board of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. and the Women's Board, and the general Board of the United Brethren have come into this agreement.

An annual budget of $80,000 has been provided. The program lias been worked out for the next five years. It consists of two large centers, one in the south, at Santo Domingo City and the other in some city of the north. Here there will be erected as early as possible a church building with provision also for community service, including night classes, lectures, daily Bible classes, clinic, etc. A hospital and nurses' training school, and an industrial school shall be located probably a little distance out from the city and have enough grolmd to teach some agricultural as well as other manual work. This program will practically be duplicated in one other center. From these centers evangelists will be sent out to the smaller towns and with the establishment of preaching places there will be also provided a place where the people can be gathered every night for instruction in whatever particular line it seems to be most needed. The whole program will be developed in cooperation with the forces already on the field. There is immediate need of a physician, two nurses, an evangelistic missionary and a director of an industrial school. Correspondence with reference to these positions should be directed at present to the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America.

From Porto Rico a large number of evangelists will be drawn for the Dominican work. Rev. Philo W. Drury, who has been the secretary of the interdenominational work in Porto Rico has been given leave of absence to open up the work in Santo Domingo. He is now on the ground, accompanied by two Porto Rican evangelisis. These evangelists will get into contact with the evangelicals who have gone in considerable number from Portc! Rico, organize groups and gradually open stations in other citIes and towns.

For all of these years the Dominicans have been exploited both by their own upper classes and by foreigners. The Church has done nothing for the common people. There is, therefore~ t4e greatest suspicion both of foreigners and of religion. If the Dominicans are to be won they must be persuaded that it is a program of service for them, and not a way of exploiting them to build up some foreign organization, either political or religious. This united practical program which the American mission boards are planning is' one of the most interesting experiments ever made in the history of missions. There are many difficulties in the way of its accomplishment but the leaders of the movement believe that these difficulties should not deter them from at least trying out in this little bit of the world a new pregram of unity, service and spiritual idealism.

THE POWER OF PRAYER "We are in the greatest need of help in what I believe in my inmo~t soul is the most important thing, next to prayer itself, that we ever have to do, and that is the enlisting of men in the exercise of real prayer. The Chu.rch has not yet discovered, still less begnn to realize, the limit- less possibilities of intercession. Every other consideration and plan and emphasis is secondary to that of wielding the forces of prayer."

TBJ!; SUNDAY SCHOOL CONVE;NTION ASSE;MBLE;D IN THE; IMPE;RIAL THE;ATE;R

At the Sunday School Convention, Tokyo BY FRANK L. BROWN, LL. D.

General Secretary.of the World's Sunday School Association WEARE too close to the World's Sunday School Convention . at Tokyo to measure its full effects, but many leaders, both Christian and non-Christian, have testified to the helpful fea- tures that justified the expenditure of time, money and effort.

After months of patient preparation, the Convention building stood ready to receive the delegates. In sixty days the great hall, seating 3000 people, had been constructed. Back of the platform was an ellipse within which were two worlds, united by a Bible and above the Bible a dove. Around the ellipse in electric letters. in English and Japanese, was the Convention text: "I am the Light of the World." The Executive Com;mittee was in session in a nearby hotel, making final plans when at four o'clock, three hours before the first session of the Convention, word came that the Convention building was burned to the ground. The Naval Orchestra and six hundred members of the chorus were rehearsing when the fire started, but in the mercy of God all those in the building escaped.

The Executive Committee and many Japanese leaders imme- diately assembled and W. G. Landis of Pennsylvania starteq the S3

hymn "How Firm a Foundation," then, "When through Fiery Trials He calls thee to Go." We joined in prayer, and, "after the 'fire" came the "still small voice," showing that God was near.

In a few moments arrangements had been made to open meetings at the Y; M. C. A. and the Salvation Army Hall. Two hours later the Convention opened with enthusiasm on schedule time, and every seat filled. .

On the second day of the Convention the beautiful Imperial 'l'heater was rented for the use of the delegates. It seated 2500 and provided for a chorus of 600, and full pageant effects. On the second morning after the fire, the 2000 delegates from thirty differ- ent fields assembled in a building as well adapted to their needs as was the one which had been destroyed.

Day by day the interest intensified. Leaders from every con- tinent spoke on the Convention themes-"World Progress of the Sunday School," "Jesus Christ, the World's Redeemer," "The Bible the World's Text Book," "The Christian Heritage of the Child,"

"The Sunday School and Education," "The Sunday School and Evangelism/' "The Sunday School and the Community," "The Sunday School and National Life," and "The Sunday School and the New W orId. "

Each morning at 8 :30 Dr. W. E. Biederwolf led a World Fel- lowship Prayer and Testimony Service. Then Prof. Smith' con- ducted a song service attuned to the day's theme. Two addresses followed and at 11 :30 each day Bishop Welch presented one of a series of devotional addresses. These with the other addresses will be made a part of the Convention report.

Four great pageants which engaged 500 people were produced by the Christian schools of Yokohama and Tokyo under the guid- ance of Prof. H. Augustine Smith of Boston University. These covered the subjects "from Bethlehem to Tokyo"; "The Rights of the Child"; "The City Beautiful" and "The Court of Qhristianity."

Among the prominent leaders preilent at various sessions were the Minister of For-eign and Home Affairs, the Minister of Finance, the Charge d'Affairs of the American Embassy, Baron Mitsui and Baron Sakatani, Professors in the Imperial University. On the- last evening.of the Convention, after a message from the Emperor of Japan, Bishop Lambuth gave a message on "Christian Brother- hood, the World's Best Bond." Miss Margaret Slattery gave. the closing message on "The Ever Present Christ-the Hope of thf'

New World." Marion Lawrance, the presiding officer~asked all to join hands while a song of consecration was sung, and the Conven- tion closed with prayer.

Forty thollsand attended the exhibit of Sunday School equip- ment and methods at the Y. M. C. A., and thirty-four thousand w~re -present at the fifty-one Extension Meetings -held at schools,

THE SUNDAY SCHOOL CONVENTION TOKYO

universities and churches throughout Tokyo. Thirty conferences were addressed by a hundred specialists on Sunday School methods.

Both before and after' the Convention delegates addressed gather- ings in the large cities and out of the way places in Japan, covering some fifty centers, and it is hoped that many new opportunities of service will result. The recognition of the Convention by the educational anthorities will remove one of the hindrances to the spread of Sunday School work in Japan.

One of the interesting services of the Convention was the morn- ing when $40,000 was raised for the W orId 's Sunday School budget of $96,000, to finance a forward movement in Japan. Korea, China, the Philippines, South America and the Moslem field. It was in- deed a service of worship in giying. The Japanese delegates gave over 7000 yen for the work in Japan. Beyond this appeal is the need of India, Australia, South Africa and Europe. Representa- tives of the British section of the Executive Committee presented the unanimous request of the British section that hereafter the administration of the entire world field be centered in New York under the American Committee.

This will mean a new financial and administrative responsibil- ity for America, for which new resources must be obtained. The Executive Committee was en- larged to meet the new situation, and a number of strong business CHRIST AND THE WORLD'S CHILDREN men were added.

c;;;ll~i:ntfotl~h~~, Te~k~~~dst~~rd Y~~t So~~~tle t~~h~~~l_ Rio de Janeiro, Manila, Mex- d~~tt:~~e:atl~'e h~tJl '~~s th~lt~~~:c3a;Yth~h~o~~~n~~:;; i(~o City, Glasgo"v and Athens, opened. have each extended invitations for the W orId 's Convention in 1924. The decision will be made by the Executive Committee after consideration of the special needs of each field. If the Tokyo Convention is to mark a new epoch in Sunday School history, the coming four years must place a new emphasis upon the educational and evangelistic work of the Sun- day School and so must begin a new era in building up the Kingdom of God.

~}"M_,B, B S T ~ METH…O.""D._mS"• • •

"du d ••• E. MRS. C. CRONK, EDITOR, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK WHY NOT HAVE SUCCESSFUL CONVENTIONS "This convention is costing $250 a minute" was the statement • posted at a recent meeting. It automatically called the speakers to brevity and the elimination of useless discussion. The smallest con- ventions are expensive when we consider the amount expended for travel and for entertainment, and the loss of time from usual occupa- tions.

The speaker who arises to announce "I have nothing in particular to say" and forthwith furnishes real evidence to sustain the truth of his statement has, should his audience consist of one thousand people, wasted in one minute over fifteen hours of time.

If it is worth while to have conventions at all why not make them worth while. Successful conventions do not just happen, neither do those that are unsuccessful.

Why One Convention Failed when a number of delegates arrived in the midst of the President's address, 1. A hurried, postponed meeting of there was such a great 'con1motion that the program committee was called at a many could not hear what the presilate date and a hastily scrambled pro- dent said. gram was prepared. 6. With unfailing regularity the 2. Notices were sent to the church presiding officer arrived late for the papers and magazines too late to be sessions; like a train off of schedule printed in time to reach the delegates. the program was further and further behind at each stop and all the meet- 3. Most of the program announce- ings were pervaded by a sense of ments and instructions to delegates hurry. were mailed too late to reach those 7. Committee meetings were schedliving at a distance. uled before each session and ran over 4. No instructions or suggestions time so that the officers and many of the delegates were seldom present at had been furnished to the members of the devotional services. the congregation which was entertaining the convention, and no clear no- 8. Noone gave special thought to tices were sent to delegates about no- periods of worship and intercession. tification of time of arrival. When the Just before the sessions began some delegates arrived there was general one was asked to "open the meeting." confusion. A weary missionary who was to give the first address sat in the 9. Suggestions as to the music were station three hours while the commit- not sent by the program committee, tee worked out assignments. He might so that the selections made by the choir have had three hours rest if enter- were inappropriate. After a stirring tainment plans had been carefully address on "Facing the Facts and the Field" the choir sang soulfully "Oh made. that I had the wings of a dove that I 5. The time of the opening session might flyaway and be at rest."

had been planned without reference to 10. For one evening a special musi. train schedules. The convention began with only a few delegates and 56 cal program of long and unrelated se- ed to notify the entertaining congre- lections had beeh arranged. The or- gation that tables would be needed for ganist being ten minutes late and the a literature exhibit. On the last day contralto five minutes later the pro- the literature was opened and laid on gram began fifteen minutes off sched- a pew, the charts that were meant for ule. A delegate, who had been asked the walls being stacked in a corner.

to make a brief statement, read a long 15. When some of the most im- and involved paper which took thirty portant actions were taken, almost half minutes instead of ten. The pastor of the members were absent attending who was asked to introduce the speak- various committee meetings.

er took fifteen minutes to present some 16. No definite time of closing the o(the choicest gems from his previous sessions was announced so that each Sunday's sermons. Announcements day the meetings just "oozed out."

tpok ten minutes. As the clock point- 17. The last session was scheduled ed to the hour of ten the missionary without any thought of trains. In the who had been brought half way across midst Iilf what should have been tl:te the continent to speak at that meeting greatest inspirational address of the sadly arose. As the program had convention confusion reigned as one lengthened he had been meditating delegate after another slipped over to which parts of his address could be leave a parting message with some left out and one by one had thrown friend and to colle.ct various personal them out of his mental window until belongings preparatory to a hasty de- but a skeleton remained. parture.

11. The convention was held in a 18. The pastor's wife spent many city with very attractive stores and days collecting and sending the various many delegates' badges were seen hov- packages of literature and exhibits of ering over bargain counters during sundry departments and committees convention hours. who asked whether she "would mind"

12. The women of the local church having these things packed and mailed served lunches every day and dinner to them as they did not have a chance every; evening. They had invited the to attend to them.

convention with an impression it would mean much to the local church Why Another Convention Succeeded as well as' to the church at large, but 1. The Program Committee called a they spent most ')f the convention meeting immediately after the ad- hours cooking and washing dishes and journment of their convention to plan were worn to a frazzle when the con- for the meeting next year. While the vention adjourned. failures and successes of the meeting 13. A tour of the city was arranged which had just closed were fresh in for delegates one afternoon at three- their minds they considered what to thirty o'clock. Promptly at three a include and what to avoid for the com- succession of messengers began to go ing meeting.

up the aisle to ask the president in 2. They secured special speakerc loud disconcerting whispers how many early in the year, consulting mission would go and how long before they Boards so that their convention would would be ready to start. The warn- be included in the itineraries of fur- ings were supplemented by the loughed missionaries.

thoughtless blowing of horns of cars 3. They planned the opening and that waited outside. Sundry automo- closing services with reference to train bile owners also strode impatiently schedules and included in notices to· back and forth through the vestibule delegates a request to arrive in time and peered through the doors at the for the first session and remain until speaker who was laboring valiantly after the last.

and ineffectually to hold her audience. 4. Full instructions to delegates 14. The convention committee fail- were mailed several we,,"L,' :.1 advance.

They included name and address of tion so that their plans and reports h03tess or hotel and definite instruc- were ready and they .;ould attend the tions as to what delegates were to do sessions. Two hours one morning on arrival; also information as to were scheduled for committee meet- ings so that they might meet unhurwhat a good delegate should do at the riedly without taking delegates away convention. from the business sessions. Delegates not on committees were invited to ex- 5. Full instructions prepared by amine literature and exhibits at this convention officers and program com- time or hold group conferences. mittee in consultation were sent to the entertainment committee, so that they 9. Each hostess was notified as to understood fully just what they were who her guests would be. A copy of expected to furnish in the way of the program was sent with an urgent equipment, entertainment, music, etc. request that meals should be served so Many of these details were agreed up- as to permit delegates to be on time. on by letter or in a meeting of the president, the chairman of the pro- 10. So that none of the women of gram committee and the chairman of the entertaining church would have to the local entertainment committee. miss the meetings, luncheons and din- '''!hen the convention opened, the walls ners were served at cost by women of were effectively decorated with charts, a nearby church of another denominathe literature and other displays were tion with the tinderstanding that a simin readiness and there was a restful ilar courtesy would be extended by atmosphere of preparedness to wel- them when the sister church was encome the delegates, tertammg. This gave a refreshing outing of several blocks and enabled 6. An official timekeeper was ap- both hostesses and guests to attend all pointed. She saw that every session the meetings. began on time and called time on the speakers with unfailing courtesy and 11 "Traffic Policemen" were appointfirmness. There was no extension ex- ed to direct the comings and goings. cept by vote of the convention. The Noone was allowed to stand in the president reminded each speaker as rear. of the church and talk during he or she came to the platform "You sessIOns. have-minutes." The program as scheduled had allowed ample time for 12. A good publicity committee was discussion and. business. appointed with one or two local mem- bers. They began several months in 7. One leader was in charge of all advance to secure photographs of the devotional periods with the under- leaders and speakers and interesting standing that she should work out a facts about the meetings for the loharmonious plan and ask others to cal papers. They asked papers to take part. There was an inspirational send a reporter each day and were thought and a period of intercession at ready to give him at the hour desig- nated strong excerpts from addresses the beginning and also at the close of and statements of important actions each session. A definite time was set taken. They arranged for interviews for closing and no matter what was up with missionaries. They prepared a for discussion the leader of the inter- report of the convention and had it cession period came forward promptly mimeographed so that every delegate unless there was a vote to extend the could take it home for publication in time. A call to prayer was sent with the county or township paper. the. committee's announcement to deleg-ates. A blackboard in the front 13. A statement was made of the of the auditorium was reserved for things each delegate could do to make announcements from day to day of her attendance worth while to her conspecial objects for prayer. stituency. She was given a note book ana pencil and an outline for report 8. The Executive Board and stand- to be made to her local society. Up ing committees held their meetings to date bulletins were posted from several days in advance of the conven-

BEST

time to time giving facts on such items at home. There in a few moments of meditation and supplication every as the following: – woman saw again the hands that bore the nail prints, the side that was Number of delegates in attendance. pierced, and looked into that bles3ed Number of societies represented. thorn-crowned Face and in HIS name Total gifts of the year. came to the Father for strength and Comparison with gifts for past five years. wisdom to go forth to the work of tlie Largest amount contributed by any so- coming year.

ciety. THE SUCCESS OF CONVENTION PRE- Largest per capita amount. Goal set for next year. PAREDNESS Number of young people's societies. Number of junior societies. By REV. F. H. KNUBEL, D. D., Facts about each department. President of the United Lutheran Speakers present. Interesting personalities. Church in America Best quotations from addresses. Important actions taken. The difficult task 0.£ presiding over the Advance work planned. recent national convention of the United Date and plac:e of next meeting. Lutheran Church in America, representing nearly one million members, was so suc- A "Wall Program Committee" had cessfully accomplished that every conclusion reached, whether on principle or practice, charge of the making and posting of was practically unanimous. This makes these bulletins. They were made the convention suggestions of President Knubel of more than usual interest. quickly and simply on manila paper. The best guarantee for successful This committee had charge of the wall conventions is found in advance prepspace for the entire convention and aration along seven lines: gave constant and ever changing dem- 1. A presiding officer who has stud- ied carefully every detail of the busionstration of wall possibilities in maps, ness to be covered with all of the pos- sible bearings; who has also had comcharts, pictures and exhibits. plete conference with his cabinet of 14. As the meeting was held in a advisers so that they have a full and sympathetic understanding of all the city, most of the delegates were anx- problems that are to be met and are ious to visit points of interest. Antici- prepared to discuss them in the con- vention. Even though he be possessed pating this the committee arranged an of greatest wisdom a president who had not taken his cabinet into his automobile trip announcing that cars counsels is powerless, inasmuch as he can only make suggestions from the would start at five-thirty o'clock to chair and can take no part in the dis- cussions without caIling some one else the minute. On the day before those to preside. who wanted to go on the tour were 2. A keynote or prevailing tone or asked to hand their names to the chair- spirit for the convention, which brings clearly to all who are present the imman of committee. Cars were pro- portance of the work to be done. The vided in sufficient number without announcement of the convention should sound this keynote. Calls for confusion, and delegates were back at prayer should be issued. A speaker should be chosen who will open the the church in time for dinner. convention with a formal or an in- formal address which will sound for 15. Special announcement of the the entire meeting a keynote of an intime for the closing session had been made and all the delegates urged to be present. There was an atmosphere of hurry and restlessness 'as the convention drew near the close. A num- ber of delegates had felt they must rush out. The president lifted her hand and called for order. The organ sounded a chord and a rich contralto voice sang "When I survey the wondrous Cross." It was as if the Master had as of old, touched a hot brow "and the fever left her."

Very quietly and earnestly the con- vention was led to Calvary ere the delegates went back to face the tasks

tensely spiritual character. Levity 5. Many sessions have been wrecked during the meetings should be discour- on the rocks of ill advised general reso- aged. A hearty good humor may per- lutions, introduced by individual dele- vade all the sessions without the levity gates and setting forth personal hob- that dissipates' effective work. bies. A sifting committee to whom all 3. A prepared program means more such resolutions must be referred and than is usually recognized. The very with whom they must be discussed artangement of the program should be will obviate many difficulties. The educational as to the fundamental aims right of a delegate to insist upon the of the organization. It 3hould in it- presentation of his resolution must, self reveal these aims. The depart- however, never be denied. ments of the organization, whereby the aims are carried out, should enter 6. When a convention becomes dan- into the program in an orderly way. gerously heated in discussion, the best recourse is a suggestion from the chair 4. In many conventions delegates for reference to a special committee. act on reports of which they have no Misunderstandings have always enadequate comprehension. All import- tered into such debates.. A fairly apant reports of departments, boards and pointed committee, including all inter- committees should be printed in ad" ests and individuals especially con- vance and mailed to delegates so they cerned, can far better continue the may 3tudy them carefully. The cost discussion and clear up the misunderof this is far less than the cost to the standings than can a large conven-. convention of the time of its delegates tion. . Such committees frequently to sit through the reading of long re- bring in unanimous reports. The sugports. The aggregate cost of a na- gestion from the chair that unless tional convention is many dollars a there be special reason for continuing minute. If reports are sent out in ad- the debate, the committee's report devance the officers of departments can serves adoption, generally produces an stres3 vital points in reports in a few approving vote. ·minutes and present them for discussion and action. Where committees are considering matters of great importance it is well that they announce to the convention 5. The floor of the convention may a certain time (outside of the regular be kept comparatively clear of rou- hours for sessions) when the commit- tine business. By the hour set for the tee will hear any delegates who wish opening all delegates should be en- to appear before them. This privilege rolled in such a way that a committee should be stressed. It save.:; lengthy can report the roll call without loss of debate before the Convention when time from the convention ses3ion. the committee's report is brought in.

Balloting which is always a disor- The committee's report comes more ganizing influence may be kept out of truly to include the sense of the entire the regular sessions. A nominating gathering. committee may report on a given day, 7. It seems scarcely necessary to the opportunity being given for ad- conclude that strict parliamentary ditional nominations from the. floor, practice helps any gathering (aside when constitutional. Arrangement from very small ones) to a more exmay be made to immediately print the peditious and fairer conduct of its ballots. The following morning before business.

the session, by a prearranged and an- Convention Dynamos nounced plan, delegates may receive their ballots. The voting. may take By 'V. E. DOUGHTY place during the noon recess at polls Possibly no man in America has led mor;!

in charge of tellers in rooms adjoining Conventions in their intercession than Dr. Doughty. He has also led many thousands the auditorium, reports of election be- of people into a life of intercession. ing made by the tellers before close of the afternoon session. Of the holding of conventions. there

BEST METHODS

is no end. Some might better never participate in the program urging the be held. Some are drab and colorless importance of this matter, naming the and neutral in their effect. Others other speakers and asking each to pray help mightily to bring in the Kingdom for all the others by name each day of God. will help tremendously.

Conventions that are different are Next to Committee and speakers, it usually the result of one or all of three is of the utmost importance to enlist factors: as many delegates as possible as prayer helpers. A brief, definite, simple, Either there is an unusual occasion or carefully prepared and attractively objective which of itself compels popular attention and interest, printed card or folder calling for Or there is originality and initiative in prayer should be sent with each invi- tation. If the prayer call goes to all arranging for striking features, who are invited many who may not at- Or there is the right kind of spiritual tend will pray for the meetings. If delegates' credentials or registration preparation. cards are issued, certainly some prayer reminder should be sent with these If we always waited for the first credentials. factor not many conventions would be held. The second factor is some- A card with appropriate suggestimes absent because the human ma- tions on it sent a few days previous terial is lacking in quality. In the to the opening of the convention for thin:llies the. hope of those indispens- use on the journey to the place of able gatherings of God's people which meeting, will stimulate interest and must frequently be held to create and make intercession more vital. sustain interest in the great projects of the Kingdom, to give fresh in- One of the most powerful meetings formation to the workers and to in- the writer has attended was made up spire with new courage and zeal all of only four hundred delegates but those who attend. more than sixty thousand persons had been invited by personal letter to pray How shall power be generated to for the meeting. make our conventions grip the hearts and challenge the wills of the people? There is no human force like prayer to set the dynamos going, to charge the II DURING THE CONVENTION batteries which run all the mechanism Much of the spiritual power of a of the Kingdom. meeting depends upon the chairman.

I BE;FORE; THE; CONVENTION Plans should be made for a quiet, un- Success begins long before the first hurried time of prayer just before the session is held, in the Committee that convention, when the chairman, speak- has charge of the preparations. If ers and perhaps the Convention Com- the chairman and his associates are mittee can meet to make their final keenly conscious of the fact that preparation in prayer for the meetings.

prayer is the supreme human prepara- Breakfast together for this same tion, the first victory is won. They group each day in some quiet place for will then put prayer into the selection conference and prayer will greatly of the 3peak~rs, the preparation of the add to the unity and power of the Con· printed matter, the publicity, the mak- vention.

ing of the local arrangements and all If those who have the management other details. Much depends on the of the Convention in charge are keenly chairman and many a convention is sensitive to the spiritual forces at doomed before the date for the meet- work, those moments of special in- ing arrives because of prayerless com- terest in the meeting will be taken ad- mittee meetings and because other vantage of to guide the prayer life of secondary things are given first place. the whole Convention into deep and From the Committee this spirit of definite channels.

prayer must spread to the speakers. A Often the use of a map as a prayer personal letter to each one who is to guide, or suggestions placed on a bulle-

tin board will focus attention and help he hears the names-Silver Bay!

to produce the right spirit. Geneva! Seabeck! Blue Ridge! Estes The devotional periods should be Park! Asilomar! Eaglesmere ! Maqua!

most carefully planned and should These names are crowded with young contribute definitely to the thought as life and fun and idealism, and the well as to the devotion of the Con- burning vision of youthful prophets of vention. a new day for the Kingdom of III AFTER THE CONVENTION Heaven. Why these beautiful re- treats? Why are their names so burstc What happens the day after is the ing with the accumulated spiritual true test of the vitality of a Conven- power of the youth of this generation? tion. It is frequently. true that our Young life is never static. It is full of conventions are well worked up but movement, of ebb and flow, of hunger no.t well followed up. Sometimes like and searching, of experimenting and the Mississippi River steam boat, they discarding. Where may it find· satis- have so little power or such a big faction? All through the year, but es- whistle that when the whistle is blown pecially at summer conferences the the boat stops running. Weare great quest for personality goes on. How at getting the ship ready to sail but may one get it-how find release from too often there is no one at the dock innumerable inhibitions-how get full to unload the cargo when the ship ar- self-expression? This quest is none the less keen because it may be un- rives. conscious. And it is particularly true A message for the homeward way of women students today who in the long past of their sex have be~n given to each delegate at the clos~ng weighted down with so many shackles. session or as they leave the ConventIOn Even the young woman who does not City will often fix and deepen the outwardly wear the label of "feminist" impressions made. is striving diligently to separate the inherently womanly from the conven- Prayer and praise and service sug- tional feminine. Then, too, there is a gestions sent by mail to each delegate small group who "just follow the with a personal letter would often crowd." But all are seeking, all are multiply many fold the practical and hungry-nor are they unwilling to ap- permanent value of the Convention. ply the pragmatic test to the atmos- • Finally, Conventions that "begin, phere and the areas of thinking into which th(;y find themselves at con- continue and end" in prayer will be ferences. Conference Departments charged with a dynamic which will leave the world permanently enriched and refreshed because they have been held.

IN THE VANGUARD OF ONE'S have tasks which angels might covet. For such departments the "unpardon- GENERATION able sin" is not to be aware of the cur- rents, the rapids, the whirlpools, the By MARGARET FLENNIKEN backwash, the ebb and flow of young life in today's generation. Not to Miss Flenniken is Secretary in cwha.rgCe. of the Student Conferences of the Y. A.

Why Student Conferences know this spells inevit~ble, hopeless The word "duffle bag" fills one with failure.

a peculiar sense of joy. Before one's II Who Comes eyes begin to· rise wooded hills, and Those who have had tnuch expersteep mountains with enticing by- ience say in assembling one's wardrobe paths, cool, rushing brooks, streams for a conference take all you have so and rivers full of fish, canoeing-and as to be ready for a whole year's what not. range of temperature crowded into ten In like measure, not only the lover days. This observation has proved of out-of-doors, and the good comrade true-especially noted by those who but the person of a mYEtical sense, happened to bring summer apparel begins to have a feeling of elation as only.

In like measur~, leaders of a con- only raison d' eire is to release the ference must come with plastic souls, spiritual dynamic resident in the lives ready to adjust to each separate indi- of young· women. The "nots" are vidual, to understand widely, to hold good enough in their place, but they innumerable keys which unlock all become vitiating elements. when they kinds of hearts. Sometimes one finds get in the way of the release of spirit- the atmosphere fixed-countenances ual power. Many conferences teach, fixed, forms fixed, and in such con- and inform, and make happy; but the ferences hearts remain unlocked. conference which succeeds, releases the power of the Risen Christ in its There is always the "Holiday delegates. Then the leadership is not Group." The call of the out-of-doors, a fixed idea, or a fixed program, or a and the crowd, and the reduced fare fixed method, but the spirit of Christ ticket, have proved their undoing. It Himself. seems a glorious opportunity to play. A "fixed" conference finds such a IV. What Happens group a great annoyance-an "under- Many things happen in conferences standing" conference helps them to -some of them coming out of what . play right into the Kingdom of God. conferences ought not to be. Then only the lower level is achieved. Delegates There also come "the lame, the halt who go home only informed or only and the blind," who, as 'yet, ~an pleased, will not turn the world up- scarcely be included in the "leader- side down. But delegates who have ship" of the generation; but whose been released from their old ideas, need is great, and whose potentialities their hoary prejudices, and from them- may be great. Kind hands, under- selves, do make a different world. standing hearts, a patient faith must One looks out on the world through be available here. wholly different eyes-all one's ten- dencies to acquisitiveness is trans- There is also the minority of pro- formed into eagerness to serve. One phetic souls struggling for a voice, or seeks to cooperate where formerly he perhaps l;1cerated cruelly by an idea hindered; one gets the perspective of which they are sure would build the the Cross on life and all its relation- Kingdom of God, but which seems too ships. radical, or perhaps absurd to the lead- The prize song at Silver Bay this ers. summer states what young women themselves conceive conferences to be. III Times of Release Let us beware lest we build at cross Various grown-ups· have defined purposes with their ideal. To live conferences in terms of many things. thus is to be in the vanguard of one's So far as I know, the students, them- generation. selves, have never given their own defi- nition. If secured, I am sure it would To the Knights in the days of old, be illuminating. There are certain Keeping watch on the mountain heights, things which it would seem con- Came a vision of Holy Grail ferences primarily are not, as wel1 as And a voice through the waiting night. certain things which they primarily Follow, follow, follow the gleam are, or should be. Banners· unfurled o'er all the world. Follow, follow, follow the gleam 1. They are not primarily hunting Of the chalice that is the Grail. grounds for recruiting agencies. And we who would serve the King, 2. The main objective is not to achieve a Keeping watch here at Silver Bay, smooth, ball-bearing running of machinery. In the consecrate silence know That the chalIenge still holds today. 3. To supply and use up a large "inter- Follow, follow, follow the gleam view capacity" is not the first consideration. Standards of worth o'er all the earth, .Spiritual values cannot be thus measured. Follow, follow, follow the gleam Of the light that shall bring the dawn. Stated primarily in terms of women, I would say that a conference is SU" preme1y a spiritual fellowship, whose

Woman; s Home Mission

EDITED BY FI.,ORENCE E. QUINI.,AN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK DAY OF PRAYER FOR MISSIONS nouncements at meetings and gather- February 18, 1921 ings, religious, civic and social. Use your pen and telephone to invite "0 Word of God, Incarnate" is friends, acquaintances and neighbors the basis for the program prepared by from near and far to the meeting to be a joint committee of the Federation of held February 18. And above all Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions pray! Begin now to pray. Use the and the Council of Women for Home prayer card and pray daily that God Missions for observance of the Day may open the doors of Heaven and of Prayer for Missions, February 18, pour out His Spirit. "The supplica- 1921. This program will be found to tion of a righteous man availeth much link readily with both Foreign and in rts working." "Pray yeo therefore." Home study books, "The Bible and Missions" and "The Church and the COMMUNITY WORK FOR WOMEN Community." It is now ready and may BY ROLVIX HARLAN be obtained at $1.50 per 100 from denominational Women's Board head- Secretary, Social Service and Rural Com- munity Work, American Baptist Home quarters. Mission Society A card with prayer suggestions has also been issued by the Federation and It is not necessary nor always wise Council and is obtainable, free, at the to distinguish between responsibilities same headquarters. This card fits and tasks which belong to men and to an ordinary correspondence envelope women. In most work for the wel- and is intended for wide preliminary fare of the community· all Christians- distribution in preparation for the Day in fact all citizens-regardless of sex, of Prayer. The use of a similar card should be interested and should co- last year was found to be fraught with operate according to the measure of great blessing. their strength and opportunity. How- Until last February separate Days ever, from the standpoint of their or- of Prayer for Home and for Foreign ganized religious work, whether as Missions were observed each year. mission boards or local societies, wom- By action of the Federation and the en have a peculiar responsibility to Council a special Friday in Lent has the community and a splendid op- been set aside for the annual united portunity for service.

interdenominational observance of the The first thing any community needs Day of Prayer for Missions and last is to become self-conscious. Note the year witnessed the first of these united analogy of the adolescent boy or girl- observances. how they become conscious and spruce If no one has taken the initiative in up. Nature partly takes care of this your community toward planning for matter of becoming self-conscious for this Day of Prayer, will you not call the individual. Not altogether, how- together before January 15 the women ever, for education and varied social leaders of the various denominations contacts are greatly needed. Then and formulate plans? Do not forget note the desire on the part of the youth to use all the publicity opportunities; to appear well, to please, to serve. So such as church bulletins, pulpit no- with a community. It must become tices, local press items, posters, an- self-conscious or it will remain shab- 64 by, squalid, satisfied with what is in- cooperation with whatever welfare ferior, and be an unfavorable factor in agencies that are found working in the national life. Knowledge of the the county, will give a new sense of facts about the community, its institu- worthwhileness and render a reaJ sertions and the relation of the factors in vice. The forces of good represented its life, is necessary; together with an in the woman's society can get back interpretation of these facts in the of wholesome recreation and a high light of Christian principles and the grade lecture and entertainment experience of other communities. A course. They can cooperate with the woman's missionary society can be one extell3ion work of the University in of the chief agencies in bringing a domestic economy. They can even rural community to 5elf-consciousness start lines of service of their own. A and in helping to quicken the social Wee Folks Band for mothers and conscience of the community. The young children, meeting monthly, can women have their study classes and take up matters pertaining to the care groups and thus far have been better and health of young children. Health able to maintain consecutive study and good sanitation campaigns can be than have groups of men. Why not led by this consecrated group of provide through the study class, for women. The community diagnosis part of the year, a diagnosis of the will show the things which need to be community it5elf-not some far away pagan or frontier community, but their done. own, the one right at home? Why A concrete illustration of what a not have a committee to make the study? Send to the Federal Council woman's organization can do to quickof Churches, 105 East 22d Street, en a community and be of service lo- New York, N. Y., for pamphlet, cally is that of the women of the "What Every Church Should Know church at Honey Creek, WisconsIn. About Its Community." Let the study They felt the need for high-class enof the community cover questions of tertainments and educational extenpopulation, charting the facts showing sion work for their little hamlet and proportion of nationalities, sexes, countryside and started a lyceum ages, and social groups, showing in- course. It was a success from the first crease or decrease of population in the and established high ideals of what last three decades, etc. Let the study such a course should be by bringing cover Education, Recreation, Health, in only the best. The growing sense Housing, Road Conditions, Marketing of need for a building better adapted Conditions, with charts to lift out the than the church for such a' course and facts and thus give information in for various social gatherings, led to graphic form. Present and interpret the idea of a Community House and these facts to the women. the women took the lead, enlisted the interest of practically the entire com- Such a close-up study of the com- munity, and a house was built. It is munity along with presentation of the under the control of the trustees of the social ideals of Jesus and concrete church and is utilized for educational facts as to what other communitie3 are and social purposes-institutes, dradoing, will be of great value. The matics, entertainments, commencecommunitY'will become self-conscious ments and all occasional community and will develop a conscience. gatherings.

But the Woman's Missionary So- The women could take the initiative ciety ne~d not stop with study, as val- in having placed in the village or uable as that is. Whatever definite county seat library, books on Rural thing needs to be done in the way of service or cooperation with other agen~ Life, on the Rural Church, and the bulletins dealing with community acdes should be undertaken cautiously, tivities sent out by the government and but patiently and persistently. Hearty the univer3ities.

Varied activities of groups of wom-

en which could be adapted to a mis- ment where children and parents can sionary society are presented by Pro- play together. J. fessor *C. Galpin in his bqok, "Rural Supply volunteer helpers to the Life." A committee of the society community's recreation agencies.

could investigate by correspondence Help to organize and promote play the activities therein presented and in the streets.'

adapt such of them as are practical Provide tennis courts and baseball and needed in their own community diamonds.

and add them to the program of their Arrange with the city authorities for society. sidewalks in certain blocks to be open Many local societies could begin a for roller skating or coasting.

modest program of activities, but have Promote church athletics, baseball, no money. There is a suggestion in basketball, volley ball leagues and offer Dr. Agar's book on church methods, a banner or prize for the best athletic "Help These W omen,"tthat a sum be club.

set aside in the local church budget, to Maintain boating, yachting and fish- finance the community activities which ing clubs in the vicinity adjacent to belong distinctively to the women, and navigable water.

that these activities be given the rec- Arrange for summer camps and ognition and have the dignity of real camping trips.

church work. Plan tramping trips under the right To summarize: The women of a guidance and din;ction for groups of village or rural community may well different ages in the church.

undertake the task of awakening the Secure a lease upon a vacant lot community through a careful .study in the community and provide the and presentation of the facts which means and direction to the young peo- most need the attention of church ple for gardening.

women; they can cooperate in and Provide an adequate program for through existing welfare agencies, and the various. holiday celebrations by they can begin with an inexpensive, pageants, entertainments, picnics and but needed program of activities and such other exercises as appeal to the grow in experience and influence. good judgment of the church.

Cooperate in promoting the Boy SUGGESTIONS FOR ANY WIDE- Scout activities, paying special atten- AWAKE CHURCH tion to the social, fraternal features of By HENRY A. ATKINSON the work.

General Secretary, The Church Peace Organize and maintain· Camp Fire groups for girls. . Union Help to provide some form of recre- Equip one or more rooms m the ation for the community on Sunday church which shall be open to the afternoons.

various clubs in the community for Urge, work for and demand in the club purposes. name of humanity the Saturday half- Install a pool table, a bowling alley holiday for all.

and tables for other games. Organize a group of baseball en- Organize a brass or string band to .thusiasts in the church, and together give free entertainments in the church. rent one of the largest boxe3 at the Assume responsibility for the teach- league baseball park. Let this be ing of wholesome games that may be known as the box belonging to the played in the home and outside of the church. Other organizations follow home, but in close connection with it, this plan and their members always sit providing hours and places of amU3e- together at the games. Why not the ~ed by Century Co. Inquire In the church?

the Public Library. From "The Church and the Peo- t Published by American Baptist Publication ple's Play" by Henry A. Atkinson, as Society, 1701 Chestnut St.. Philadelphia, Pa.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

reprinted in the August, 1920, issue of the churches will attract and, hold only "The Playground," published by the those young people who are securely Playground and Recreation Associa- bound to the church by their religious ti6m of America, I Madison Ave., New interest. • York, N. Y. Recreation for Children The churches will find it is not prac- SUGGESTIONS FOR THE DEVELOP- tical to any great· extent to plan ac- MENT OF RECREATIONAL AC- tive recreation in which the children TIVITIES IN THE CHURCH and adults would be expected to par- By L. A. HAr,B~RT ticipate together, although an occa- Recreational Committee sional picnic of that sort is successful. Special provision for the children of Each church should have a commit- the church must be made with activitee consider the recreational needs of ties adapted to the age and sex of the its constituents and decide what part children involved. Occasional play the church should play in meeting parties for the juniors and primary these needs. Such a committee should department can be had where the boys include representatives of such aux- and girls play together. Boys and iliary organizations as the Ladies' Aid girls from the ages of ten to fifteen Society, the Young Peoples' Society, should have their recreational achVlthe Sunday-school, etc. ties provided separately. The knowl- Recreation for Adults edge of children's games is not some- thing that comes by inspiration or that In the 'first place, the committee belongs to' almost everybody. It reshould consider socials or social gath- quires study and training to conduct erings intended to bring the church such events successfully. members together in social intercourse.

There is an art in conducting the pro- Drama and Pageant gram of such an event so that everybody will participate, and action, in- A few churches have successfully terest and laughter shall fill the even- dramatized and presented scenes and ing full. The Church' should take full stories from the Bible, sometimes with advantage of what has been learned in profound religious effect. Many the long experience of recreation lead- churches have given lighter dramatic ers and apply it to such events. They performances as a means of entertaincan occasionally· secure skilled leaders ment. A dramatics coach ·could give to come and personally conduct their the churches very substantial assistprograms. They may also send their ance along this line. Community song workers to training classes, which will leaders could be of material assistance teach them exactly how to conduct to choir leaders in ~maller .churches, and could render great service to insuch affairs. ter-church gatherings and conven- Recreation for Young People tions. Such conventions could be en- The church committee should con- riched with pageants portraying sider the recreation needs of its young achievements of the Church in mis- people and provide for frequent events sions, etc.

under the auspices of the young peo- By systematically developing a rec- ple's society of the church. There is reation program adapted to the differ- a great variety of musical games with ent groups and varied according to the action and rhythm in them which can season of the year, and by putting be used to compete successfully with their facilities at the disposal of the the attractions of social dances by entire community the churches will churches which do not approve that make a great contribution to the so,- form of recreation in connection with cial and recreational life of their comthe Church. Unless full advantage munities.

is taken of all that is known in these From Bulletin No. 51. Community Service (Incorporated), 1 Madison Ave.. New York, N. Y. lines, the social activities provided for

'Student Federation ier "transfer" tax. The

THIRTY-SEVEN nations· sent clearly neve-r intended to impose this delegates to the meeting of the hardship on missionaries, but since World's Student Christian Federa- the law is open to this interpretation, tion at St. Beatenberg, Switzerland, a determined effort should be made last summer. In future, the Federa- to incorporate in the tax laws some tion will work not only for the evan- such provision as the following: gelization of students, the promotion "An American citize'll commisof their spiritual culture, and their sioned by a missionary Board of any enlistment in the extension of the denomination in the United States, Kingdom of God at home and as a missionary, occupied in the disabroad, but also to bring students of charge of his duties, shall not be all countries into mutual understand- deemed to have abandoned his last ing and sympathy, and to lead them place of residence at the time he de- to realize that·the principles of Jesus parted from the United States, and Christ should rule in international his estate shall be entitled at his relationships, and, to endeavor by so death to any exemption to which it doing to draw the nations together. would be entitled had he died at such At this meeting the Federation clari- place of last residence."

fied its Christian basis by making the requirement that all controlling mem- "Open MeJIlbership" and the Disciples T bers have a vital, personal faith in HE attention of the international Disciples' Convention, October 19- Jesus Christ.

Although the organization is non- 24, centered on the question of mis- political, it is concerned with those sionary practice in China. Some moral conceptions and relations missionaries had written their home which determine whether the differ- board that church union in China ent nations shall live together in is imminent, and expressed the con- peace or in discord and strife. Pre- viction that Disciples should coop- eminently the duty of promoting fel- erate in the moveme'llt. This would lowship among nations falls upon involve exchange of membership Christians, and especially on Chris- among all missions. As the Disci- tian students. ples are immersionists, this proposal Christian Work. met vigorous opposition. Two days of discussion failed to bring unan- Missionaries and ….ax Laws imity, and the conservative element MR. HENRY W. JESSUP of scored a point in having a motion New York, a lawyer and the passed that missionaries be asked to son of the late Dr. Henry Jessup of resign if out of accord with the Syria, points out the' injustice to mis- Church's position against "open mem- sionaries in the anomalous interpreta- bership."

tion of the Federal and State tax laws. He cites the case of a mis- Christian Work for Orientals F sionary dying abroad and leaving a OUR serious obstacles to mis- sionary work among orientals small estate, mostly in Liberty Bonds. The United States Government re- are outlined by Dr. George L. Cady.

gards him as a non-resident, domi- These are: race prejudice, inadequate ciled abroad, and his estate therefore housing facilities, se<;tarian overlap- subject to Federal taxation. The ping and oriental vice. The last is State, however, argues that New YkJrk permitted to flaunt itself in most is his "home," his last place of resi- cities, with the knowledge and connidence in America, and lays th~ heav- vance of city authorities. If Amer- 68

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ican youth were being enticed in lain for twenry-six years, pleads for these dens they would probably be young Protestant ministers to enter closed, but no one appears to object the Navy as chaplains. Although the so long as it is only the "heathen government has made' provision for ~hinee" or the "Jap" who is de- 147 Navy chaplains, only 80 are at bauched. This attitude helps to ex- present in the service, and there is plain why Christianity makes slow not one application now before the headway among the orientals III Bo·ard. Of the eighty, fourteen are America. Roman Catholics. Thousands of young men are sailing the seas with- NORTH AMERICA out spiritual guidance.

Promoting International Brotherhood Rev. John T. Axton, Chaplain-in- THE Committee on Friendly Re- Chief of the United States Army, re- lations among Foreign Students ports that of the 2,200 army chapin America renders service impar- lains in the army during the war, 200 tially to men of every race and re- have been retained, with 19 denom- ligion in the following ways; inations. represented. He says that 1. Promote acquaintance and friendship there are 29 Protestant and 17 among students of alI races. Catholic vacancies.

2. Render prompt assistance of a prac- tical nature whenever needed. Home MIssions Monnment 3. Develop Christian character by bring- A MONUMENT in the suburbs of ing students from other lands into contact with pastors, Christian teachers, Bible . Sioux City, Iowa, erected by the discussion groups, etc. Presbyterian General Assembly, com- memorates a day more than fifty 4. Win students to positive Christian years ago when three young minisdecisions.

5. Give counsel and guidance regard- ing the choice of life work. . ters, Thomas H. Cleland, John C.

This college year has brought an Eniott and Sheldon Jackson knelt unusually fine group of students from on that hill and prayed God to send the Far Eas~; Japanese of liberal laborers to sow and reap a spiritual mind and Christian spirit, Chinese of harvest in all those vast regions maturiry and training, eight hundred beyond the Missouri, then unre- Filipino champions of the new nation- claimed. These three names on the alism, thoughtful East Indian stu- monument speak not only of prayers dents, eighty from Siam and a few offered, but of long lives devoted to Koreans. The Near East is repre- the fulfilment of their prayers. The sented by men from Egypt, Syria, memorial is a fitting counterpart of Turkey, Armenia and Greece. By the the foreign mission "haystack" monu- initiative of international commissions .ment at Williamstown, Mass.

many scholarship· students are com- ing from Belgium, France, Serbia Washington School of Mtssions F and Czecho-Slovakia. Fully five ROM November 8 to 12 four hundred and thirty men and hundred Russian students in America are in desperate need of friendly women attended a school for mis- help. Mexico, Central and South sionary instruction, held in Wash- America are represented by four ingt6n, D. C., under the auspices of thousand visiting students, while the Women's Ittl:erdenominational South Africa, Australia and New Missionary Union of the District of Zealand enter American fellowship Columbia. Twenty-one denomina- through their student class. tions were represented in the enrol- ment. The course was based on Army and Navy Chaplains Needed "The Bible and Missions," taught CAPT. John B. Frazier, acting- by Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer. Addres- Chaplain-in-chief of the United ses were also given on "Methods of States Navy who has served as chap- Work for Young People," by Mrs.

E. C. Cronk, and on "The Dedica- LATIN AMERICA tion of Life;' by Mrs. Emrick-Mrs. John Culbertson, a returned mission- "The New Democracy" ary from Siam, presided. "LA Nueva Democracia" is an evan- Syrians in America gelical monthly published in N e~ A MISSION for Syrians is con- York under the auspices of the ducted by the United Presbyter- Committee on Cooperation in Latin ian Chur0h in Fall River, Mass. America. It is printed in Spanish and its purpose is to reach the The nucleus of this mission is a educated Latin American and to group of Syrians who became mem- show that there is a Christian solubeTs of the Christian Church in their tion to all the problems of modern native land and are the fruits of the society. Among the topics covered labors of missionaries sent abroad by in leading articles during recent the American churches. months have been the following: Indians Seek Citizenship "Can Humanity Get Along Without God?" FEDERAL legislation to. grant "citizenship without reserv!ltion" "Dangers of Anti-Americanism." to members of their race was urged by the Society of American Indians "The Christian Solution of the Conflict at their ninth annual Conference, held of Races. in St. Louis last November. Every tribe in the United States is repre- "Real Pan Americanism." sented in this Society. Two of the principal measures which the Con- "Why Most Educated Men of South ference advocated were that full America are Not Religious." citizenship be granted all Indians born in the United States, and tftat "The Common Inheritance of the Two the conferring of citizenship shall Americas." entail no surrender of the tribal rights. Approximately 300,000 Indians, or "The Problem of Alcoholism in Chile." two-thirds the entire Indian population, are not now United States "Education of the Indian." citizens. The magazine has been warmly Episcopal Indian Missions commended by Latin Americans of prominence, including the presidents CANDIDATES for the ministry of Guatemala and of Salvador and are not lacking among the Sioux ;nany ambassadors of South Amer- Indians of the Dakotas and N e- Ica.

braska. Last September, five WeT!; The Bible in Porto Rican Schools ordained by Bishop Burleson of the MRS. E. R. Hildreth, whose hus- Protestant Episcopal Church. There band is head of the Presbyterian hospital in San Juan, has the· disare thirty ordained Indian clergy tinction of being the first person in Porto Rico to carry the Bible into among Sioux Indians, in addition to the public schools. After gaining the consent of the Department of Eduthe bishops and white clergymen. cation she made a schedule which enabled her to visit several schools Two thousand people attended their in San Juan every week, including the normal school and to read and annuall convocation in September, tell Bible stories to the pupils. She was surprised to find that the teachers when they brought over $8,000 as listened as attentively as the children, their annual offering. many of them confessing they had no idea the Bible was so full of Out of a total Indian population practical truth, and fascinating narraof about 25,000 in So. ·Dakota, one tives. Mrs. Hildreth's plan has made in five is a communicant of the Epis- it possible for thousands of children to hear the Gospel who would othercopal Church. Of the Oneidas in wise grow up in ignorance of it. Wisconsin, one in four is a com- municant.

The Living Church.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

A SuccesBful Buenos AireB MiBBion from the British National Associa- tion on the same ground some time A METHODIST Mission in the ago, is to federate with the new Alli- crowded, working class district ance, which it is hoped will become of Buenos Aires is open day and a power in carrying on spiritual and . night. It is at once church, charity evangelistic work among the young organization, employment bureau, or- women. It stands for the full inspiphanage and relief kitchen. The ration and authority of the Bible as Sunday-school has an average atten- . the Word of God, and seeks to win dance of three hundred, and the lives to the love and service of Christ. membership of the church is about the same. Fifty girls work in the The Christian. sewing classes, making garments for the destitute. Thirty-six other chil- OveneRS Work Continues dren receive musical instruction, and are organized into the Sunday-school No LESS than 615 American men Orchestra. and women are continuing the war-time activities of the Y. M. C. A. The expenses of the institution, in Europe. One branch of the work some six thousand dollars annually, is that for Chinese coolies retained in are supplied by citizens of Buenos France to help restore battle fields to Aires. cultivation. With these Chinamen are fifty-one Chinese-speaking Amer- Record of Christian Work. icans, principally former missionaries.

A School of Agriculture Sixteen men from the United States are staying with Russian pris- ONE significant feature of mis- oners in Germany until the two sionary accomplishment in Bra- governments concerned can agree on zil is the large number from among the method of taking them back the educated class who are enthusias- home. Poland – has had a force of tic church members. The govern- sixty-five workers cheering on its ment in the province of Rio Grande fighters; seventy six are in Czechodel Norte has offered to turn over the Slovakia.~ An American sailors' hut direction of its school of agriculture is open under "Y" auspices in Conto mission control. This occupies stantinople. Roumania is being served 4000 hektares of planted land, and by forty representatives of the Ameriis provided with the buildings needed can association and there are twentyto operate an evangelical institute for nine in Siberia. young people, with an annex for agriculture. Laymen's Movement for Italy In the number of organized, evan- I TALY now has a "Laymen's Movegelical churches, and in membership ment," organized under the title of Brazil leads South America. the "National Association of the Evangelicals of Italy." The Associa- Record of Christian fiVork. tion 'aims at effective, though not organic, unity of the Italian evan- EUROPE gelical churches. It has a program of pensions for ministers, of schools, Leaving the British Y. W. C. A. colleges and hospitals. It has branch- es in many places, and in each of FINDING themselves out of har- these a monthly prayer meeting. That mony with many of the policies in Rome has an average attendance of four hundred. of the Young Women's Christian Association, a number of British Record of Christian Work. branches have broken their connection with it and, together with the A Striking Appeal "Evangelical Y. W. C. A.," which had previously separated from the THE Mission Suisse Romande, an Association, have formed a Society to be known as the Christian Alliance Evangelical Society, states it of Women and Girls. The Irish Y. W. C. A., which dissociated itself

needs as follows: struction and well adapted for the Budget for 1920…………… 345,000 fro work. About 3000 graduates have Needed per month………… 28,750 fro been trained to take up many varie- ties of work and are scattered all " "week………… 6,442 fro over the Near East. day………… 945 fro hour. .. . . .. . .. . . 39 fro No successor to President Howard S. Bliss has as yet been appointed If 8625 persons would agree to by the Board of Trustees. finance the Mission for one hour each, the entire budget would be American Boys' Orphanage covered. This would require but 1% A FORMER Turkish military school on the Asiatic side of the of what the average workman earns Bosphorus was opened October 9 in one hour. They also suggest the as an Armenian Boys' Orphanage. setting aside of the income from a Imtead of drilling boys to be army bee-hive, a fruit tree or a field, for officers, these spacious quarters will missionary work. shelter one thousand boys, the vic- tims of war, and will train them for Russian Lepers constructive work. At the opening the Armenian Patriarch made an PASTOR Adam Podin of Russia, address, ~peaking of the future of the has for twenty years, been the only boys who will there be cared for and person from the oufside world allowed instructed, and expressing his gratito visit and minister to the inmates tude to all who had helped to make of the leper asylum in a remote dis- this possible. The Director, Mr. trict of Esthonia. In a letter to The Aboulian, spoke of his desire to see Christian he says: the boys trained mentally as well as physically, looking toward building "There are about sixty men and up the national life of the country. women there, and God has blessed His Word to them, several having The Orient. been converted. These unfortunates are utterly beyond the power to help Talas Hospital Destroyed themselves, being separated from their fellow-beings by government A CABLE message to the Missionregulations. The distress in Russia ary Herald states that the Ameris very great everywhere for every- ican Board Hospital at Talas in Asia one, but for these poor people it is Minor has been destroyed by fire. far worse. The government supplies One third of the provisions and ina very small quantity of black bread, struments were saved by Near East barely enough to sustain life, and workers, and all workers and patients medicines are altogether unobtain- escaped unharmed. This hospital, able." near Caesarea (Kaisariya), was one of the largest and best equipped of MOSLEM LANDS the American Board institutions, which was placed at the disposal of American University 01 Beirut the Near East Relief workers. It was of stone, three stories high, with THE name of the Syrian P-rotes- sunny porches and set in a walled tant College, founded by Dr. inclosure. Daniel Bliss in Beirut, Syria, in 1866, has been changed to the Amer- Transfer of Mardin Mission ican University of Beirut. The trustees believe that because 0 f the de- T TPON recommendation of the velopment of the college the former name no longer adequately expres- Eastern Turkey Mission, the sed its work, purpose or scope. Mardin Station of the American Board has been transferred to the Starting with sixteen students in Presbyterian Board in the interests a rented house, the institution now has a campus of 47 acres stretching along the Mediterranean shore; with 26 buildings, all of modem con-

1921] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of more effective and economic ad- iliary agencies to secure the physical, menministration. tal and spiritual welfare of the people living in the Darj eeling and Kalimpong Established in 1861, this station is districts, in Sikkim and in the Dooars." located in northern Mesopotamia, and was the only station of the Mission News American Board where th-e Arabic Lutherans in India tongue was used. In addition to its SIXTY per cent of the budget for evangelistic work, it contained, in foreign missions of the United pre-war times, a high school for boys Lutheran Church is required for the and another for girls; and a hospital India Mission. Of the 100,000 and dispensary, which served a wide Christian converts in all fields, 98,000 field in Mesopotamia and among Syr~ are reported by the India Mission. ian peoples. The Guntur field alone reported 6000 baptisms during 1919, and the Ra- Missionary H eratd.

INDIA jahmundry field 3000. Of the 25 Chlldren's League of Service new missionaries sent out last fall, A "CHILDREN'S Guild of Ser- 16 went to India. vice" has developed from the pa- One of the most significant indi- triotism and spirit of helpfulness, cations of the growth of Lutheran manifested by the boys and girls of missions in India is the desire for it India during the war. The head- theological seminary, and the United quarters of the Guild are in Poona, Lutheran Convention has authorized with branches in Bombay, Surat and the establishment of such a semin- ary. • other centers. The objects are as The Lutheran. follows: '

(I) To keep alive in the children's minds the memory of the great ideals and CIDNA objects for which the war was fought, and the lessons of heroism, patriotism and ser- The Opium Curse Again vice which it taught. I T IS reported that last year Japan (2) To teach them early to think of made. a profit of over $30,000,000 by smuggling opium in the form of others who are worse off than themselves, and to try to help them. (3) In order to give practical effect to • morphine into China. No less than the above objects, the funds raised by the 28 tons of this powder were smugmembers will be devoted to children's charities throughout the Presidency, pri- gled into China-enough for every man, woman and child of all China's marily to such as especially benefit and help the children of soldiers who have four hundred millions to receive four fallen or been disabled in the War. hypodermic injections.

Girls up to any ag-e and boys up The authorities of England and to fourteen are eligible to member- America cannot claim to be ignorant ship. of what is going on, and it is high Indian Standard. time that Christians everywhere should demand that there be an end ffimaIRYRn MIssion Jubilee to this gigantic evil with all its rami- THE Calcutta Auxiliary of the fications. British and Foreign Bible Society A missionary in Hunan Province passed a resolution regarding the writes· that unless something is don€ jubilee of the Church of Scotland soon, and done effectively, the whole Mission in the Eastern Himalayas, anti-opium battle will have to be rejoicing fought ag-ain. Poppy seed has been "in the manifest blessin« which has at- imported into Hunan and many farm- tended the labors of the Scottish mission- ers have been forced to plant it. aries and their Indian colleagues as shown "Opium pills," says this missionary, "can be bought in every market in the building up of a church of over town."

8 000 Christians, the establishment of 200 s~hools an the organizing of other aux-·

Tseng, who took her degree in Community, Service In Shanghai science at London University with A COMMUNITY Service League 'honors has named the school "I- was organized in Shanghai in Fang" (Garden of Fragrance), and 1917, to arouse community conscious- has chosen as its motto the words ness and to render help to the poor. "Loyalty and Sympathy," with which, The League is conducted by an ex- in the sixth century, her ancestor, a ecutive committee composed of one famous interpreter of the system of representative from each of the Confucius, summed up his teaching.

churches in the locality, and others Miss Tseng, who is an earnest Chris- elected out of the community. The tian, was formerly a pupil at the first work 0 f the, League was 'a C. M. S. Mary Vaughan High School Christmas entertainment given to 500 at Hangchow.

children of the poor. In 1918, this The Christian.

number was doubled, and trebled in 1919. Membership fees, contribu- JAPAN-CHOSEN tions and special funds provide the Japanese Woman Emigrants finances. ONE in every fifty-five Japanese A free school, originally intended is an emigrant. By the latest for children of beggars, but after- statistics from Tokyo there are 252,- wards admitting children of ricksha 863 Japanese in the United States, coolies, has more applicants than can Canada and the Hawaiian Islands, be accommodated. Lectures are and 32,429 in the various countries given from time to time on hygiene, of South America, with the number rapidly increasing. There are said patriotism and religion.

Work for Bnddhist Monks to be only 9,151 Japanese- in all Europe, and 35,866 in Southern Asia, BUDDHISM is being revived in the East Indies, the Philippines and China as well as in Japan. One Australia. The largest numbers are monastery in Kansu has ordained a in the nearby countries-Manchuria thousand Buddhist monks in a year, has 404,847 and China 58,438. Two- and there are more than a· million fifths of the total number are women.

monks and nuns in all China. Tem-' The idea of doing something for pIes in the Yangtze Valley are being Japanese women immigrants has built and repaired, literature is being taken shape in the minds of J apan- circulated and many students are be- ese Christian women of our western coming Buddhists. A Lutheran mis- ports, and a corps of volunteer sionary of Shekow writes in the workers in the various places where Chinese Recorder of a small Chris- the immigrant women go to live, fol- tion Brotherhood among Chinese low them up by friendly calls. and Buddhist monks. To encourage this so far as possible get them into Chris- open-minded attitude an institute is tian churches. Women workers in planned to afford a contact where op- both Yokohama and Kobe who have portunity is given for study of the therriselves lived abroad are prepared Bible. There will also be courses to give advice and assistance to the offered for baptized monks, to pre- emigrant women. As many as pos- pare them as evangelistic teachers. sible are talked with personally, so- cial customs of the new country are Christian High School in Changsha explained and the Christian Message AT CHANGSHA, Hunan Prov- given. Bach woman receives a ince, a high school for girls was pamphlet of advice to travelers and opened last year by Miss Tseng. The a tract giving the substance 9f Gos- school has grown steadily, and is now pel truths.

said to be one of the most promising The development of the individual educational efforts in China. Miss emigrant becomes a thing of strate-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

gic importance when it is realized last November when vast crowds asthat th~ bulk of these people come sembled to worship the spirit of the from the remote and least evangel- late Mikado Mutsuhito, at a shrine just ized sections of Japan. opened in Tokyo. The present em- peror and empress had their special Japan Evangelist. time of worship, the whole city was illuminated and public exhibitions of Forty Years of Assoclatton Work theatrical shows and geisha dances were given. on open air stages in all THE fortieth anniversary of the the wards of the city. Tokyo Young Men's Christian Association was celebrated June 6, Congregaltionalist and Advance. 1920. Mr. Yammamoto, the General Secretary, gave a historical "Pencil Day" for Sunday Schools sketch of the work and reviewed its growth. Previous to its organiza- THE National Sunday School Astion there existed a societv called sociation of Japan plans to erect "The Christian Association," which, upon dissolving, bequeathed its library a building in Tokyo as headquarters of 800 volumes to the new Y. M. for the growing Sunday-school work C. A. The Association English of the Empire. Some funds for the school is thirty years old. and class purpose are in hand,. and further rooms seating 80 have had 160 enrol- sums are pledged. As a means of led the past three years. swelling the fund September 23d was . designated as "Pencil Day," and 1,- Receptions to new students who 200,000 pencils inscribed "World's have arrived in Tokyo are held Eighth Sunday School Convention, twice a year. Two religious and Tokyo, 1920" were sold at two for educational meetings have been held 10 sen (5 cents). All the Sundayweekly with an attendance of 150. schools in Japan cooperated in this A Library and Reading Room con- plan. Tokyo'S allotment of 300,000 taining all current Japanese' maga- pencils was sold in three hours' time. zines and newspapers, and many English ones attracts over fifty men Magazine for Korean Women a day. THE SIN YAW CHA, "New All funds for current expenses have been raised in Japan. . Woman," started in March of last year, is the first magazine for Japan Evangelist. women in Korea which is edited and published by women. The sales have Children of Boat Dwellers been about 2000 copies for each is- sue. A partial table of contents in- THE Water. Police of Yokohama die-ates the scope of the magazine: took a census last spring of children of school age who are EditoriaL living on the various types of Coming of $pring-a Poem. small craft in Yokohama harbor. The Needs of Youn~ Women. They estimate that upon the 5000 The Claims and Management of "The or more boats used as homes some 12,000 children of school age. New Woman." are growing up in ignorance. The Please Answer. (Question Department). frequent change of location pre- Present Day Problems. sents a difficulty in any plan for The Well Regulated Home. their schooling. One suggested Impressions of the "New Woman." scheme is to establish boarding The Old Maid's Life. schools, to which children may be Men's Failings. sent while acquiring some degree The Equality of Men and Women. of learning. The Life of a Nurse.

WOl'kship of the Late Mikado The spirit of the mag<zine isop- timistic, looking toward the uplift of THE fact that Japan is not yet a Korean women. Christian nation was emphasized Korean Mission Field.

Ten Years.of Foreign Missions ing but a hut without a thought of WOMEN'S missionary societies higher things, a hut for the body and in Korea date back to 1910, and a hut for the soul." United Free Church Record. the first missionary was sent out in 1913. At the close of a decade, there are now 125 such societies, Disciples' Congo Mission T with 'about fifty more not yet fully HE Disciples' Congo Mission met in annual conference at Lotumbe organized. Once each year is held what may be called a synodical mis- on the banks of the Momboyo River sionary meeting. This year unusual from March 27 until April 5. There enthusiasm was manifest and when were twenty-one missionaries present.

the collection was taken for foreign A regular program was followed, missions nearly 1000 yen was sub- one day's subject dealing mostly with scribed in one evening. In this col- native topics, such as sermons in the lection were counted thirty-one wed- vernacular, and the need of instruc- ding rings, three silver wedding orna- tion in questions of hygiene and ments, and three new hair-ribbons- purity. An evening was given to these last evidently given by little the recent survey of the Sanga girls. Four women pledged an an- River, and maps and charts were nual payment of 100 yen each for shown. How to unify the differing foreign missions. African dialects, which are as num- Korea Mission Field. erous as the days in the year, was discussed in its relation to coopera- AFRICA tion among the missions. A new Field Waiting for Workers station, Mondombe, eleven days by rpo enter a new region of African steamer from Bolenge, is to be .1 country, devastated and ruined by opened this year. war, to start reconstruction, to re- As far as statistics can show the open schools and churches, to be success of twenty-one years' labor pastor, builder, carpenter, doctor, and the following figures tell the story: everything else in one, is difficult but Number of missionaries, 29; native evangelists, 313; present church exhilara ting. Rev. O. R. Mackenzie of the Scot- membership, 7,173. The year's offertish Free Church Mission has un- ings were $3,404.78. The number dertaken this task in Tanganyika, of schools is 240, and the enrolment East Africa. The total population is 3,963. There are three hospitals under his care is about 225,000, and 25,977 treatments were given speaking many different languages. during' the year. Sunday-school The country is divided into five well- scholars number 5,188, assembling in defined areas, in each of which Mr. 215 schools.

Mackenzie proposes that a station be World Call.

placed, the central one to be at A Rutenganio, the second at Isoko. the Training Teachers In the Congo third at Manow, the fourth at Uten- N Institute has been started at 'gule and Mbosi and the fifth at Tan- Yakusu on the Upper Congo, dal-a or Bulongwa. where three hundred students, who The whole region is rich in agri- are at work teaching the Gospel in cultural possibilities, and is likely to that vast region, gather regularly each develop rapidly since it is proposed year to study the Bible. Every to establish a large European colony teacher comes into the station twice a in it. Mr. Mackenzie appeals to the year for a period of six weeks at a young men and women of his Church time for training, going out again to to rise to this opportunity for "teach- impart the things learned. This ing, healing, or bringing the light of method is proving an effective one.

home to places where home is noth- Two thousand fresh inquirers are at

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

present waiting for the missionary's standards of family life, and benefit visit to be baptized. their whole community. It is all Thriving Transvaal Mission but impossible for a people to live and sleep on the ground, without I N THE seventeen years' history windows or furniture, and yet main- of the English Methodist Mission tain clean, moral, Christian ideals. in the Transvaal about. fifty-five thou- A great step upward is made when sand persons have been baptized, of whom more than twenty thousand people are taught to live in well were adults gathered out of heathenism and received into the church, lighted, well ventilated rooms, with after long probation and careful instruction. An average of eighteen some simple furniture. . adults are baptized every Sunday. This Mission has an army of 2750 The Mission Field. unpaid· native preachers, who minister week after week to their own Spain's Protestant Colony people. In Swaziland, plans are being considered for training African A LMOST aH that remains to Spain women as preachers. of her once gigantic colonial empire is the island of Fernando Po, Torpedoed Manuscript Recovered off the Coast of Africa. It is a curious fact that although Spain is A N INTERESTING incident is the most Catholic of nations and the related in the "Church Mission- few Protestants in the kingdom are ary Gleaner" for November with ref- obliged to fight continuously for any erence to the recovery of valuable shreds of religious toleration, the manuscripts belonging to the late population of this African island is Archdeacon Dennis of the Niger predominatingly Protestant, and lives Mission, who was a victim of Ger- in comparative religious peace. The man "frightiulness" when returning black natives are about 22,000 in home on the "Karina" in 1917. He number. had with him at the time of the disaster the bulky manuscript of his Record of Christian Work. English-Ibo dictionary, the sequel to his translation of the Bible into Ibo AUSTRALIA AND THE ISLANDS on which he had spent twenty-three years' work. Some time after his The Aborigines of Australia death these papers were washed up on the coast of Wales, and they are THE position of the Australian now at the C. M. S. Headquarters in aborigine in the scale of intelli- London. The last words translated gence has been an open question by Archdeacon Dennis were "Our among ethnologists, but the more his God is a God of love." outlook on life has br.~n observed, the greater is the inclination to ac- Industrial Mission for Zulus cord him a place above the lowest. The Presbyterian Mission at Napoon, THE Church of England has an North Queensland. is an example of industrial trainine: home for boys what devoted workers can make out of most unpromising material. The' and girls in Zululand which does an natives have not only been taught the important work in prep;uine: the way Christian faith, but have· attained a for better living conditions among considerable degree of efficiency in the natives. The Institl1te does not the manual arts, even thoue:h they attempt to turn out skilled artisans, spent their childhood in the wild the time spent there is too short. but bush. The most satisfactory work the boys e:o out from their three has been done amone: the children, years' training, equipped to raise the and althoue:h the problem of the pres- ervation of the pure-blooded aborig- inals is a serious one, no one doubts that its only solution is to be found in the education of their children in the white man's ideas of sanitation

and cleanliness of mind and body. take on this missionary task in ad- Australian Christian W orfd. dition to what they were doing in Korea, Manchuria and Formosa; so Japanizing the Marshall Islands an undenominational society was or- THE Marshall Islands are rapidly ganized, under the leadership of Dr. being transformed into a New Kozaki, a Kumiai leader in Tokyo. Japan. The trade of the group, Three Japanese families have been which in pre-German days was sent as missionaries, one to Ponape largely with Australia, is now almost and two to Truk.

wholly with Japan. The Japanese language is being taught in the OBITUARY NOTES schools, the people are now dressing Dr. Stearns of Germantown, Pa.

O like the Japanese, and the whole placeN November 6, Rev. D. M. Stearns, D. D., pastor of a comis being run on Japanese lines. There are still a few whites in the paratively small church in German- Marshalls, but there is a distinct· town, Pa., entered into rest. As a impression that they are not very preacher. in his own church, where welcome. The American Board of he had been a pastor for over thirty Missions has been represented in the years, Dr. Stearns was not widely group for many years. known, but his influence extended Australian Christian World. over the eastern portion of the Missionary to Moros United States, and to many foreign lands, through the Bible classes con- MATIAS CAUDRA, a consCIen- ducted by him each week, and the tious convert from Islam, was gifts to various independent mission- ordained last year to preach among ary causes. Dr. Stearns looked upon the Moros on Siasi island in the his church not as his field, but as his Sulu Archipelago. There are only force of workers. They loaned him three other Christians on the island. for a larger work in neighboring The Sultan of Sulu is the head of cities, and supported him by their the Mohammedan religion there. The gifts and their prayers. He exerted Hadjis, priests, are Arabs sent from a wide influence, not only in teach- Mecca. They read the Koran in a ing the Bible but in interesting thou- language that neither they nor the sands of men and women in the work people understand. Caudra has the of God throughout the world. In English version of their sacred book one year, the gifts to various Chri3- and is familiar with its· teachings; he tian causes amounted to over $95,000, puts it into the language of the people and in the thirty-two years during when he is talking to them, and they which he conducted these classes, the have to admit that he knows more gifts received and distributed were about their religion than they do. considerably over a million dollars.

– Warld Call.

Mrs. W. W. Peet of Tnrke)'

T M Japanese Mission to the Carollnes RS. WILLIAM W. PEET, wife HE Japanese government, finding of the Treasurer of the Amer- that some thirty-five churches, ican Mission in Turkey, died October more than thirty regularly appointed 20, at Constantinople where she had Christian workers and several thou- been stationed with her husband sand church members in the Caro- since September 1. 1881. From 1917 lines had been suddenly deprived of to 1919, when diplomatic relations spiritual leadership when Germany between America and Turkey were was driven from the Islands, turned severed, Dr. and Mrs. Peet were in to the Kumiai churches to see if. they America, but returned at the earliest could not supply the Christian leaders possible date to take an active part requirf'd. Those churches could not in the various relief organizations. 11E MISSIONARY LIBRARY THE BOOK OF THE NEW YEAR IN EVANGELICAL CIRCLES The Army and Religion. Edited by D. S. Cairns. . 12mo. 447 pp. $2.00. " CHARLIE" ALEXANDER The Association Press, New York. 1920. By Philip I. Roberta It would be difficult to present the AuthDr o/"The Dry Dock religious revelation and results of the 0/ a Thousand Wreck," war more skilfully and judiciously than they are presented in this report ONLY $1.00 NET of the inquiry conducted under the auspices of a special British Com- Evangelists, Songmittee on "The Bearing of the War leadexs, Preachexs and on the Religious Life of the Nation." othex Christian Work- The volume is based on the replies ers will find a wealth to a questionnaire sent out to a num- of inspiration and pracber of individuals and groups, includ- tiea1 suggestion. ing army officers and privates, chaplains, doctors, nurses, hut leaders and Surprisingly ric h Qthers, to. inquire what men are in practical suggesthinking since the war on religion tions for winning men's and morality, what changes have been hearts and sympathy, caused by the war, and what is the it gives also a keen innew relation of men to the churches. sight into the secret The words of witnesses are quoted of the evangelist's in in Part One and are commented fluence and spiritual upon by the editor in Part Two. power.

The report shows that probably Latest Books on Missions . four-fifths of the young men of Great Britain have no vital connec- Chinese HeQrt Throbs. By Jennie V. Hughes, tion with any of the churches, and that these men have fundamental Introduction by Mary Stone lShih Mei YU), M.D. misunderstanding as to the Christian "No one can read it without a quickening of faith and ideals of life. Dr. Cairns pulse. Each one of the fascinating chapters is fresh believes that the churches are largely proof that the "soulless" girls of China are treresponsible for this unfortunate con- mendously worth saving."-S. S. Times. dition. He studies the causes that IllustrQted, Net $1.50. have contributed to this alienation of men from the Church, and suggests . A Moslem Seeker After God the grounds of hope for retrieving the situation. First, there is the in- By Samuel M. Zwemer, F. R. G. S. exhaustible power of God; second, A volume of intensely interesting data concexning there is the good that is discoverable the life, influence and teaching of the great Persian in man; third, there is the fact that mystic Al·Ghazali, one of the very greatest figures men are irreligious because they are in the Mohammedan world. A notable addition to ignorant of Christianity and not be- literature on this subiect. Illustrated, net $2.25. cause-'. they have wilfully rejected Christ. What is needed is a cam- The Three-Hour Sermon paign of Christian evangelism, with a true interpretation of God, a clear ON GOD, SIN AND SALVATION revelation of the divine Christ, a Introduction by Robert E. Speer. faithful teaching of the Bible and a new dependence on the Spirit of God. By Rev. Paul Kanamori. Dr. Cairns also believes that the Church must make dear the Chris- Robert E. Speer says: "Many have wished tian ideal for society. He truly says: "The first need is not a church to rno" how an able Japanese, with such an devoted to reform but a deepened exp~rience as Mr. Kanamori, could put the sense of God-spiritual regeneration. . . . We need a new spirit of fel- Christian Message. I trust it may have a wide circulation." Net $1.25. continued on page 80 Sadhu Sundar Singh (Culled of God) By Mrs. Arthur Parker London Missionary Society, Trivandraum,/ndia "His story. ably told by Mrs. Arthur Parker, reads like a book of Apostolic adventure. Paul's perils of waters and of robbers" ere Sundar Singh's also. Reiected by his family he has become India's foremost evangelist."-S. S. Times.

R~S Illustrated, net $1.25. Boov.S FLEMING H. REVELL CO.

PUBLISHERS New York, 158 Fifth Avenue Chicago, 721 Waba.h Avenue 1'1_ mention TBlI )lISSIONAltY REVIEW OF :rUE WOIUJ) III writlnc to adve:rtsera LEPERS J.EPERS (Continued from page 79) America's Share lowship in the Church. . . . The Church must bear – witness by in- in World Task dividual members who put Christian principles to proof in life and busi- If you are willing to add your gift to others ness, and by its social gospd." of like character toward alleviating the suffering of lepers in all lands, and ultimately The central necessity is a retum Ridding the World of Leprosy, please send to Jesus Christ as the Son of God your gift to the Treasurer of and the truths that He taught. Hif spirit of love is needed to show th, THE AMERICAN MISSION Christian kinship to God. TO LEPERS, INC. Through Santo DOmingo and Haiti. B~ The 1921 budget asked of America for This S. G. Inman. Pamphlet. Commit World Wide Call is $219,150, or the equival- tee on Cooperation in Latin Amerent of $5 each twelve minutes, or $25 each ica. New York. 1920. hour of the day and night. Gifts large or small will be gratefully acknowledged, and It would be well if those who are reading the garbled ~nd partisan may be sent through any authorized local newspaper accounts of the American Representative or to the Treasurer. The occupation of Haiti would read this pamphlet in which Mr. Inman Society owns and controls Stations (with records what he actually saw in his hospitals, homes etc.) at fifty-three different recent visit to the Island. He has parts of its world wide field. It makes sympathy for the unlettered and grIUlts of money, material and service to semi-savage natives, and also for the United States marines who face a many other stations conducted by Mission difficult task in endeavoring to pacify boards or by local native Governments. the marauding bandits. Mr. Inman gives a great deal of valuable and FLEMING H. REVELL, Treas., reliable information on the history, resources, social conditions and re- 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK ligious problems of the two repub- lics of Santo Domingo and Haiti. Wl1Uam Jay Schieffe11n, Pres. There is also a useful bibliography William M. Danner. SOO'y. of recent books and articles.

LEPERS LEPERS Evangelische Missionskunde. Dr. Jul- ius Richter. 8vo. 463 pp. Leipzig "Oh! For a Thousand Tongues and Er1angen. Germany. 1920. to Sing This new book by the veteran au- My Dear Redeemer's Praise" thority on Christian missions con- tains a discussion Of the latest phases A practical way of fulfilling in missionary theory and practice. this desire i. offered through It is comprehensive, as is' evident from the fact that it discusses the The American Christian Biblical Foundation, the Theo.ry of Missions, the Apologetics of Missions Literature Society for Moslems and the History of Missions.

REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.O., of C.iro, President In the treatment of the Biblical ROBERT E. SPEER, of New York, Vice-President Foundation, the author bases his dis· DELAVAN L. PIERSON, of New York, Vice_President cussion entirely on the findings of certain recent schools of theology. Islam does not see the glory The very first sentence which reads: of the Inc.rnation, the Atone. "It is one of the most magnificent aspects of the Old Testament ment and the Holy Trinity and economy of salvation that the idea of God is developed from the tribal God denies the integrity of the of the nomad Hebrews to God, the Scriptures. Hole, the transmundane." The RJt- There is, however. a new spirit vrJtw emphatically disagrees with this of inq ,'iry everywhere and continued on page 82 Mohammedans are eager for the Christian message. The Literature published by the Society is evangelical and adapted to the Moslem mind. It goes even where no mission. aries are allowed.

Fund. are urgently needed to preach the Gospel to M ohammedanB through the printed page. . Send giJta to MRS. E. E. OLCOTT, Tre..urer, 322 We.t 75th St., New York MOWNrTitGeOlMorERinY/,osr.m.'ya.tiaoDn. to MRS. JAMES 888, Ne.. York City PI…. a_Ion TUB MISSIONARY RBVlBW 0.. rUB WORLD In wrltlnlf to a4Ye1't1H1'8 "You CANNOT HAVE to Heaven A PEOPLE on the way A NATION on the way . to Hell"

EX.SENATOR FRANK J. CANNON AMERICA NEEDS CHRIST THE LORD THE SAVIOUR THE PRINCE OF PEACE GET THIS AND OTHER POSTERS AND PUT THEM TO WORK ON THE BUL- LETIN BOARDS OF YOUR TOWN THE WITNESS COMMITTEE 119 FEDERAL STREET PITTSBURG, 'FA. .

Please mention TmD MrsSIONAR~ REVIEW OF THE WORLD In wrIting to advertisers conttnUBd from page 80 ·N e W D~t:~~fi~llssues STRE·AMS iN THE DESERT statement as unproven and contrary J. H. Morrison, M. A. to Biblical teachings.

The record of a missionary journey to Central Af· The modem viewpoint is also evirica with Livingston's tomb as the final objective. dent in the theoretical presentation, One of the most readable and informing of recent which involves a consideration of the books on missions. present day discussions of church government, with which the church Illustrated. 12mo. Net $1.50 people of Germany are now wrest- ling. ACREATHEART OF THE SOUTH Gordon Poteat The method of presenting the Gos- pel to the adherents of various non- The life story of a young medical missionary who Christian beliefs is the real object of was a product of the Students' Volunteer Move- the section on the Apologetics of ment and who gave his life in servke in China. Missions_ This part of the book con- tains an introduction to the principal Illustrated, 12mo. Net $1.50 ethnic religions according to modem German ideas. FIRESIDE STORIES f:'OR CIRL,S The largest and most reliable part IN THEIR TEENS of the book is devoted to the History Margaret W. Eggleston of Foreign Missions. The introduc- tory chapter on the growth of the The author of THE USE OF THE STORY IN missionary idea is a fine essay in RELIGIOUS EDUCATION presents in this vol- itself. The book is full of informaume a selection of the delightful stories which have tion, without being a mere catalogue endeared her to the hearts of the girls who have of principles, events, and persons. gathered at her "Fireside" meetings. Unfortunately, it is marred by a number of misprints. Net, $1.75 Mr. Friend 0' Man. By Jay T. Stocking. THE BEARINC OF RECENT DIS- 12mo. 130 pp. paper or cloth. In- COVERY on the TRUSTWORTH- terchurch World Movement. New York. 1920. INESS of the NEW TESTAMENT Sir William M. Ramsay This is a classic for children, and is written to instil into their hearts The noted Biblical Archaeologist sums up the re- and conduct the Spirit of Christ in sults of his explorations in Asia Minor and adds their dealings with others. It is a much new material in corroboration of the histor- fairy story with a purpose and suitical accuracy of New Testament writers. able to children from ten years old and upward. Mr. "Wise and Won- Net, $7.50 der Man" tells how the city of "As it Was" is transformed into the ideal DAILY MANNA J. H. Lawson city of "Is to Be" by the influence of Mr. "Friend 0' Man." The ideals A distinctly new and desirable form of Daily Bible of the best church in town, the best people, the rolls of honor, the spirit Text Book. The Promises of the Bible are col- of the flag and the road to success- these are Christian ideals interpreted lated in alphabetical order with the addition of an in the language that children will un- derstand. The one criticism we appropriate stanza of a hymn for each day of the would offer is that there is nothing avowedly Christian in the book. The year. Net, SI.50 author takes for granted that readers will understand, but he does not give Rev. G. A. Stud.dert Kennedy the credit to Christ for these ideals, nor does he indicate that Christ's The religious press is giving pages to discussing power is needed to fulfil them.

this tremendous indictment of modern hypocrisies continued on page -83 by the author of that most popular war-time book of verse, ROUGH RHYMES OF A PADRE. A Christian apolog~tic of great boldness and origi- nality. 12mo. Paper. Net, 51.00 George H. Doran Company 244 Madison Avenue, New York Publishers in Amenca-fot-Hodder & Stoughton Plea1!O mention THB :MlSSIONAlIY REvmw 011' T1llI WOlllJ) in writlng.to advertisers THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 1''''';':';'~'~~':':''Ul continued from page 82 Students and World Advance. The Convention at Des Moines. 1920. vo. 8. 654 pp. $2.50 Student Vol- unteer Movement, New York.

'student Volunteer Conventions are famous for the remarkably strong addresses and the wonderful array in the of facts presented by speakers who come from all lands and races. The disappointing feature of the Conven- HOME tion is that one can not hear and see all. In this volume the disappointment is relieved because the addresses are all printed. The result is a rich mine of information. Take I~;i,:~K~;~:~:En I India for example. There are ten addresses by as many authorities, native and foreign. The same is true of topics. Meaical Missions, for example, is enriched with four- teen addresses and many briefer statements. There are also general -= =- !§ For the many earnest boys and ~ inspirational addresses and some home mission problems presented. :: girls eager to form helpful habits :: The People, the Land and the Book. :=5: of daily Bible reading and prayer. :: Edited by B. A. M. Schapiro. He- Readings and prayers for three brew Christian Publication Society, §= Bible House, New York. months-a topic for each day. relating This little publication is full of in- :: to important incidents in the lile ot :: =:: Christ; a few words of comment; a =:: teresting information about the Jews, brief Bible passage; a prayer in sim- :: pIe language. 5=—= their Scriptures, customs, present con- :–==: Cloth, $1.50 dition and future. The editor is an _=1 EVERY MORNING =1 intelligent, educated Hebrew Christ- ian, and the managing director of the Hebrew Christian Publication Society, of which Bishop Charles S. Burch of A prayer a day for three months, New York was president. The Society also publishes a number of helpful =~= ~~ghf~r~~~ld:~~h ~~t~~~~r:~~ -:~=:=_ tracts. such as those on the "Jewish Sacrifices," "The Law and the Gos- five minutes is needed. The pel," etc. These tracts are issued for free distribution. choice of topics is a happy one and the prayers are of a high order. Each page § of EVERY MORNING is printed in S large size. easily read type.

The Living Christ. By Charles Wood, =~ At your Bookseller'sClootrh,f$r1o.5m0 =:===:_= D. D. 8vo. 218 pp. $1.25 net. Flem- _ ing H. Revell Co., New York and Chicago. 1919.

Many fail to see the vital relation of Jesus Christ to the problems of to- _ ASSOCIATION' PRESS :a===-=: day. Dr. Wood discusses the funda- === mental' subjects of Religion and God; 347 Madison Avenue -=§ New York, N. Y. then he goes on to present the Christ- ===:: ian Aims and Work of Today, and closes with tW0 lectures on Christ Today and His Goal for Tomorrow.

Ministerscand teachers could find here ",,! fruitful themes and illustrations for Sermons. 1.."""""" """"''''' "''' """"""""""""

Please mention TRlli lIJSSIONARY REVIEW OF THJ!l WOllLD.ln wrftlnc to advertisers Who Should Read "The Moslem World"?

1. Secretaries and other officers of Missionary Societies- BECAUSE the problem of Islam affects missionary policies.

2. Missionaries in every part of the world- BECAUSE the Mohammedan is aggressive and is found in an lands.

3. Candidates in Preparation- BECAUSE no problem needs more careful and scientific study.

4. University Professors of Oriental Subjects- BECAUSE the religious aspect of such subjects is the vital one.

5. Students of ethnical and social problems- BECAUSE Islam is a factor in the social life of the world.

6. Official representatives of Christian states in Moslem Lands- BECAUSE a knowledge of the facts is necessary for impartial administration.

7. All members of Mission Study Circles- BECAUSE up-to-date information on this important subject is essential, AND 8. All others who desire to win Mohammedans to Christ.

To Which Class Do You Belong?

SEND YOUR SUBSCRIPTION TODAY THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue New York City $1.25 a year 35c a copy Be Sure Your Pastor $100.00 For Has These Books Your Church The Crisis in Church and College Today's Housewife has helped churches all over the country Vol. I, Cloth, Pages 264 to raise funds in a refmed, dig- ' nified manner. Far superior The Modern Conflict Over the Bible to the usual, threadbare, tiring supper, sociable or bazaar. Vol. II, Cloth, Pages 222 Not a cent. of expense or risk. Write today for details, Church By Dr. George W. McPherson Aid Department. A noted New Zealander was so moved by these books he offered the,m to all Today's Housewife Christian students hi Australasia. 100 Main St. Reviled & Enbrged Edition., $1.45, or $2.75 • Set Cooperstown, NewYork Publishers: YONKERS BOOK CO.

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Oh, how great is the need for such teachers, in and out of the churches, in the homes, in the SundaY-fichools, in Bible conferences, everywhere!

False substitutes for the glorious gospel of the Son of God are deceiving millions!

Theodore Roosevelt said: "To every man who faces life with real desire to do his part in everything, I appeal for a study of the Bible. No man can afford to be ignorant ofthe Bible."

Yet storm-tossed hearts, hungry for comfort and Theodore Roosevelt help, on every hand in thousands, starving for the Bread of Life and the Living Water, are being and mind and applies the bealing word. (4) It shows snared and deceived by Satan through ignorance a careful examination of the works of our great of the Bible. ~fij,~J r~~c~;'r ~:'/j,:=~l~f ~~~w~:~_~n~ Announcement of Sunday services in the newspapers of the large cities are largely those of written for the glory of God. (6) It has been gen- Spiritualism, Rationalism, New Thought, Chris- eraUy helpful to a young Methodist minister by teachtian Science and Sunday Evening Clubs that ing him what is in the Bible and how to use it, more fail to hold up the Cross of Christ; pitifully few than all his previous theological tr ·"ing. (1) It i. a of them are of churches which honor God's course he can recommend to his young brethren in the Word and are full of zeal for the gospel. Metbodist ministry-or any ministry."

What is the lesson for the readers of this ad- A Vermont student wrote: vertisement? Is it not this? j'I am getting far more out of my Scofield Course, than I had in aU my Bible training heretofore." from a A letter CHRISTIAN, PREPARE! Philadelphia student says: Enter without delay upon systematic study of the th:~~cw~~u~~e~XPI;s~:Yb~:P Jfep::=!o'!t~ t~~':d Bible; or, if already such a student, press on to the change in my life, and belped me to study the word goal in view I as I never have before. It is truly wonderful."

No matter what your occupation, you can study the Another student of the Synthetic:: Course, a Metho· Bible by correspondence. dist Clergyman, wrote: Doing this. you will find that as you proceed with "It affords me unspeakable pleasure to express my appreciAtion of what the Synthetic Bible Study Course br~~:J':d~~u~or:t=: ~~e~;:~D~g::t;; e:rAcbdee~e'~~ has done for me." and expand; your stores of knowledge and wisdom increase: your vision and understanding gloriously Here is a testimony from a distinguished clergyman broaden! of Tsinghua College, Pekin, China: t:e e th:';::d i~e=ysh~dr:::dl And then. as you humbly place all at the Master's Chrits~tiaakn:W:to~rko)!~w~diic~h disposal, how the Holy Spirit will use you to bless this this course up again (Practical so terribly needy, sin-eursed world. I had dropped for a term/'

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"I must speak a word of appreciation for tbe Scofield Course. (1) r .like it because it is built on the Granite Rock-the Bible. (2) It shows great spiritual understanding. (3) It lays bare the sores of the soul P1eue meutiOll Tal JlllIlOIrAlty RBnIlW' O. THlI W!lIll.D In writing to advertiser.

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.Ordained Men 1428 Presbyterian men and women are preaching the gospel in 16 different. lands. 406 of these Ameri- cans are ordained men.

One of the most urgent needs to be filled by the Board is the need for more ordained men. This need : .-.'~'''';:'

is all the more critical because of an unusual falling off iIi the number of students in our American Theological '. -Seminaries at the present time.

Christian ministers, who are the great evangelizers, are needed at once.

W rite to Candidate Department Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. s. A.

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The Missionary Review of the World — September 1920

XLIII NUMBER

SEPTEMBER, 1920 LIU.CHIU, THE FLOATING D~AGON c. K. HARRINGTON MR. PAIK EARLY SPRING TELLS HIS STORY A RESIDENT OF KOREA THE ALBANIANS, A FORGOTTEN RACE . MRS. SEVASTI K.DAKO THE WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN COLLEGE, TOKYO A. K. REISCHAUER CHINA'S NEED FOR CHRIST CHENG CHING-YE THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN BISHOP HUGH L. BURLESON MISSIONS IN THE HOME MRS. E. C. CRONK $2.50 A Y E A R " . , , : ; , . ; , > 25 CENTS A COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK 156 FIFTH AYE., NEW YORK

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CONTENTS FOR SEPTEMBER. 1920 Page FRONTISPIECE-A WAYSIDE SCENE IN JAPAN EDITORIAL COMMENT ……………………………………………. 753 THl, BOIJ,ING CAJ,DRON IN INDIA CHURCH UNION IN INDIA OPPOR'tUNI'tnlS IN GUATEMALA M,SSION PROBLEMS IN SAN'tO DOMINGO NON-CHRIS'tIAN LABOR CHURCHES JAPANESE CENSORSHIP AN OUTBREAK IN LOVEDAJ,E INSTI'tU'tE THE WORLD AND THE GOSPEL TODAY By V,SCOUN't BRYCE 761 LIU-CHIU, THE FLOATING DRAGON ………… By C. K. HARRING'tON 763 MR. PAIK EARLY SPRING TELLS HIS STORY By A RESIDENT IN KOREA THE ALBANIANS. A FORGOTTEN RACE .. By SEVASTI KYRIAS DAKO 779 THE WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN COLLEGE, TOKYO By RIlV. A. K. RErSCHAUER, D. D. 786 CHRISTIAN TRAINING E.OR JAPANESE CHILDRt£W.

aY;.HORA~~ E: COf$MA~ 789 THE WORK OF THE CANTON CHRISTIAN COLLEGE By MAHLON H. DAY 791 CHINA'S NEED FOR CHRIST …………………… ·.·.lBy DR.' CHENG CHING-YI THE SOUL OF.THE INDIAN ………….. By BISHOP HUGH L.BuRLESON 804 KOREAN CHRISTIANS IN ADVERSITY …. By RJlv. S. A. MOFFJlTT, D. D. 811 BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT MISSIONS 'IN THE HOMll ………………………… By MRS. E. C. CRONK 819 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN .. EDI'tllD BY MRS FRED H. BENNETT MIGRANt LABORERS NEWS FROM MANY LANDS …………….. '……………………. 824 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ………………………………………. 841 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00. in clHb. pi five.) Ifpreignpostage, SO <;ent~. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1920, by' Missienary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Coo"pe~stown, N. Y., .under 'the Act of M:air.ch 3, 1879.

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~VIEW~ VOL. SEPTEMBER, 1920 NUMBER XLIII NINE THE BOILING CALDRON IN INDIA M ANY events and tendencies in India, are not recor.ded in Western newspapers. That the situation is serious, es- pecially in the north, is acknowledged in government circles; and some missionaries are very apprehensive of the future. Their faith in God rather than in the British keeps them calm and hopeful.

A recent letter from a missionary in the Punjab, who is in close touch with the situation, tells of the political conditions-the riots, the unrest, the nationalistic movements and the costly mistakes of some British officials. He believes that masses of Indians are not loyal at heart to the British government, but are anxious for autonomy though they are not prepared to exercise it wisely. The better class of Indians are out of joint with materialistic western civilization, while at the same time the political leaders in India are arrogant and self-seeking. This militates against the success of reform movements.

Our correspondent continues: "Given a population of 315 to 320 millions, 300 of them thoroughly ignorant and easily led, and a couple of millions only with any adequate education and only a few thousands of these with any power of leadership and personality, and most of these determined upon winning power for themselves rather than advancing the best interests of their country, and include in this group some who have a fanatical hatred against foreigners and you have a dangerous position. Add to this the keen feeling of resentment over the Amritsar affair and the Khilafat agitation which is growing deeper and stronger all the time, and I would predict an explosion within five years. India in social and religious reforms is not keeping pace with her political advance. Masses of people have not changed 753

their ideas alloqt social matters at all. For example: scores of my students have been excused recently in order to get married; a regular epidemicof them! Whyf Because the Hindu astrologers say that the next two years will be unpropitious. Therefore every yov.ng Hindu of sixteen or seventeen is rushing off to plunge him- self and his family into economic difficulties to say the least. On the platform' the Arya Samaj is preaching Brahmacharya (late marriages), but in reality they have no iufluence at all iu these matters except over a small, rather highly educated group in a few large cities. Even Mohammedans are influenced by these social customs, and many of them have married in order to avoid the unpropitious season ahead.

"As to casfeand its influence, there are no doubtsigrndhat it is weakening. But a social custom which has existed for 3000 years cannot be destroyed in three years or even thirty years without danger, and there are evidences on every hand that the morals of the people are giving way under the rapid disintegration of the old social fabric. And yet the worst of the old customs like early marriages still have a strange superstitious hold on the minds of most Indians.

"The women's movement is purely superficial, except in small circles in a few of the largest cities. The attitude towards women in general is not changed at all. They are looked upon as distinctly inferior to men, and without any claims to the same rights and privileges. In some of the large cities women are getting educated and are coming into touch with the world enough to resent the former attitude of their men-folk, and demand a larger measure of freedom than has been theirs for centuries… The Mohammedan's community is most backward in the Panjab both in the matter of education and in tolerance for others; its bigotry and its attitude towards women is much the same as ever. The Mohammedan who is educated on the modern lines and is acclimatized in a modern atmosphere, is looked upon by the majority of Mohammedans as a renegade. A small body of fanatics is greatly inflaming the ignorant masses of Islam to an attitude of bitter hostility not only towards foreign Christians but even towards native Christians. Woe betide the Indian Christian Church if the Mohammedans were to get power in India in the near future!

"The strength of the movement for unity between Hindu and Mohammedan, is purely political. They neither trust nor like each other, and are simply driven together, for the time being in opposition to the British. Let the foreigners be removed and within five years they will be at each other's throat. Ten or fifteen years from now after the Reforms have had time to penetrate the ordinary life of India sufficiently and have proved measurably successful, then

19201 EDITORIAL COMMENT 7'55

there would be some prospect of permanency in this union, but at present it is worth nothing except politically.

"With regard to the relations between missions and Indian Christians there is fault on both sides. Some missionaries are incapable of realizing the changed position that has arisen in India, and many Indian Christians have the attitude that 'missionaries' have been top dogs long enough and now we are going to have our turn! ' It is needless to say when these two kinds of Christians come together there is not much harmony as a result! Where there is sufficient progressiveness in the missionary body and sufficient restraint and tolerance amongst the Indian Christian com- Illunity, the gulf can be bridged, but it is a difficult situation. 1'he future of Indian Christianity in the 20th century depends (humanly speaking) upon whether Indian Christian leaders and missionaries can work together in harmony. The Indian Christians left largely to themselves would either be absorbed by other bodies or would become a weak and querulous faction."

The whole problem of unrest 'in India is unquestionably due to the failure to inject the spirit and principles of Jesus Christ into political, social and religious life. It is no doubt inevitable that an awakening people should become restive, and that ambition should lead to self-aggrandizement. This is all the greater reason for promoting the evangelization of the people in India, and the training of Indian Christian leaders.

CHURCH UNION IN INDIA T HE Bangalore Conference held in India May 27 to 31 adopted the following resolutions in favor of Christian unity. 1. That this Conference of Indian Christians con~isting of members belonging to the Anglican, Wesleyan, Lutheran, Baptist, Presbyterian S. I. U. C. and Syrian (Mar Thoma and Jacobite) De- nominations, is of opinion that the several denominations of the Christian Church are in all esse.ntial respects within the one Church . Catholic, and that, in the interests of true Christian fellowship and for the extension of the Kingdom of Christ in this land, a recognition of the equal status of the denominations within the one Body of Christ and of their ministries as of equal validity, is necessary.

2. That such recognition should be given effect to along the following lines:- a. Ministers may receive due authorization to minister fully and freely in the churches of other denominations, it being under- stood that the above authorization is not to be regarded as re- ordination or as repUdiation of the present position of their minis- ters as validly ordained.

b. All the denominations should recognize fully the members of one another and admit them to the Lord's Table.

3. That further negotiations toward union of an organic: oharacter should not take place until the above two resolutions have been given practical effect to, and until the Indian Churches have attained financial and administrative independence, which, it is hoped, will conserve the best elements of Indian religious experience.

We must acknowledge that there are dangers in this attempt to realize the ideal of Christian unity; but with proper emphasis on the necessity of loyalty to Christ, of faithful obedience to God's Word and of complete dependence on Him, encouragement should be given to every effort to fulfil the prayer of our Lord for true unity among His disciples.

OPPORTUNITY IN GUATEMALA O NE of the significant things about the recent revolution in Guatemala is that the Unionists, who succeeded in putting down Cabrera's autocratic government, used as one slogan in their demonstrations: "Down with the clergy (Roman Catholic priests). We believe in evangelical religion!" The public made no protest against such anti-derical sentiments, and many called for the punishment of Bishop Pinol, who fell into popular disfavor because of his olose association with the Cabreristas. The general public sentiment in Guatemala is in favor of "evangelicals," as Prostestants are called. It is hOJ)Bd and expected that the new regime will be characterized by liberality in religion. The new Herrera gov- <ernment seems to be self-restrained, sane and judicial, with little <evidence of blood-thirsty revenge, in spite of the inflammable nature of Guatemalans. The outlook for the progress of Christian work in Guatemala is hopeful.

President Herrera, himself is reputed to be a wealthy land 'Owner, but a patriot of good judgment in political matters. The lIlew government is more thoroughly democratic than the old, and has shown ability to control the situation. After such a revolution in a Catholic country, there usually come enlarged opportunities in evangelioal work for some years and there are promises that the government will offer no opposition to Protestant missions. Evangelical missions in Guatemala have had a profound influence on the ideals and character of the people. The past three years have brought many difficulties in the form of war, earthquake, high prices, lack of workers and enemies to the truth, but the douds have broken and the light of a new day seems to be dawning.

As signs of the new day, gambling dens have been olosed by the decree of the government in Qruezaltenango; a vigorous anti-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

saloon league campaign is in progress; base ball is driving out bull fights; healthy sports are replacing idleness and excess; political clubs are repLacing champagne suppers and religious liberty is ex- perienced instead of fanatical oppression. These changes have not come from Roman Catholicism, or from atheism or from an auto- cratio government policy. They are not a guarantee of Christian faith but they are the result of the growth of enlightenment through the preaching of the Gospel. After forty years of evangelical mis- sion work there are more signs of promise than ever before. More than 500 evangelical congregations, with 15,000 adherents are scat- tered over the .country and hundreds of thousands of Bibles and Testaments are in the hands of the people. Education is also producing results but these must be safeguarded by spiritual awakening and direction. Now is the time to advance in Guatemala.

THE MISSION PROBLEM IN SANTO DOMINGO S ANTO Domingo, rich in trade and industrial opportunities, and with the traditions of the oldest Spanish civilization on the western continent, is still practically unknown to people in the United States, although for three and a half years a Rear-Admiral of the United States Navy has been its" President," carrying on a military government with the aid of a Cabinet of United States Marines.

Since the American oC{lupation, however, the Protestanf churches of America have made plans to enter Santo Domingo with a missionary program that will go far toward bringing the republic to the notice of the outside world. The work will be administered by a board of trustees, so that the divisions of the Evangelical Church shall not be introduced. Such a plan is without precedent in Christian missions.

The missionary program calls for more than one million dollars in the Ilext five years, with thirty foreign workers and fifty native worker&. It includes an institutional church, an industrial school, a hospital, and a book store in the city of Santo Domingo, the capital of the republic,and a similar group for Santiago, its most important northern city. While these will be the two great centers of work, the plan also calls for an institutional church, and a hospital at five other places. The project has the approval of Rear-Admiral Snowden, United States Navy, Military Governor of the island.

The Dominicans take pride in asserting that they have the remains of Columbus in their Cathedral, and that they are authentic has been but little disputed. Reminders of Ponce de Leon, Cortez, and Pizarro are on every hand. But here interest ceases. Nothing of modern beauty or utility meets the eye. There is no modern life of any kind, except that brought by the Marines, who installed a telephone for their own use, built a military hospital, saw that the

streets were cleaned up, and built some new roads. Street cars and street lights are unknown. There are no roads across the island, and the journey must be made by boat, a ten-day trip.

In the northern part of Santo Domingo there is a larger percentage of white blood, and the people are more progressive. Nothing now remains of the early Indian tribes, which were wiped out by Spanish cruelty. African slaves followed them, brought by Spanish and Portuguese slave dealers, and their descendants, often of mixed African and European blood, have been left to drift along for centuries. Torn at times by revolution and at others invaded by European capitalists who have attempted to exploit the resources of the country, Santo Domingo finally dropped out of the running commercially. Fior the last three hundred years she has lived in isolation, and it is only since American occupancy that she has shown evidences of again entering into the active life of the world.

Notwithstanding her isolation from centers of progress, and her large Afro-European population, there is in Santo Domingo a small intellectual circle with a high degree of culture. The intellectuals resent the continued occupation of the island by the United States Marines, with the censorship which has been exercised over their literary productions, but the lower classes are grateful for the peace and prosperity that have corne to them as a result. The American occupation has concerned itself largely with establishing schools, and education has developed rapidly, a school attendance of 85,000 children having grown from one of 25,000 three years ago. The schools cover the primary grades only, and it is not easy to secure teachers.

The Roman Catholic Ohurch in Santo Domingo is poor, and cannot minister to the needs of the people, who are as destitute as the people of ,any land not devastated by war, plague or famine could possibly be. The great mass of the inhabitants have nothing, and 95 per cent of them can neither read nor write. Leading Dominicans have advised that anything that can be done by the American Mission Boards will be acceptable, and that there is no chance of duplicating any work, as none is being done. Except in a few isolated instances, scarcely any Protestant activity of a missionary character has ever entered the field.

NON-CHRISTIAN LABOR CHURCHES M EN are ever seeking to secure the fruits of Christianity without the roots j to develop the form of Godliness with- out paying the price or experiencing the power. A "Non- Christian Church" seems a contradiction in terms, but such are being formed. In Canada a "Labor Church" was organized in .July, 1918, and now has ten branches, Winnipeg alone having 1200 members. It has grown because of the popularity of industrial movements but it has not yet endured hardship and persecution.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

There is avowed belief in God but no clear surrender to the claims of His Son, Jesus Christ. The basis of admission is as follows: "I am willing to support an independent and creedless Labor. Church based on the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man. Its aim shall be the establishment of justice and righteouslless on earth among all men and nations."

An idea of the Sunday School may be gained by the following extract from one of the lesson outlines: "Lesson 1. Who set the dinner table7 (a) The many who keep us; (b) Our part in the world's work; (c) 'Grace before meat.'

"Lesson 3. The Age of Homespun: (a) Manufacture in home workshop; (b) Production for use-independence; (c) 'God bless me and my wife and son John.'

"Lesson 5. The First with the Machine; (a) Tools of production in the hands of the few; (b) The new slavery-men, women and children; (c) The work of Jesus-Luke 4:18.

"Lesson 16. Where the Baby Came From: (a) The miracle of life; (b) Sex instruction; (c) Bodies temples of the Holy Spirit.

"Lesson 21. The Life of Jesus: (a) Carpenter and reformer; (b) Opposed by church and state; (c) The sins which crucified him."

While most churches are lamenting the absence of men, the Labor churches like Masonic Lodges, are filled with them. It is unfortunate that a dividing line is being drawn between workers and others, and that men and women are making social organizations a substitute for the Church of Christ. These ideas are directly opposed to th.e teaching of the Founder of the Church and the Saviour of the World.

JAPANESE CENSORSHIP G OVERNMENT censorship in Japan, except in time of war, is calculated to create impatience in the minds of lovers of free speech and freedom of the press. For the same reason, British members of Parliament have taken their government to task for carrying on secret warfare in Somaliland, East Africa. The policy of sec,ret diplomacy, secret treaties and secret spy systems is not acceptable to liberty loving people. Japan's policy of seeking to eontrol not only the acts and speech of her people but their very thinking is arousing opposition among the Japanese themselves.

The editor of the Osaka Ashi was warned because he disapproved of a Japanese expedition to Siberia; the editor of the Kobe Herald was imprisoned for printing a sentence of "Mr. Putnam Weale" referring to the Emperor as inexperienced; the Japan Chronicle was suppressed for reprinting a reference to the famous "twenty-one demands" from the North China Daily News; The

J apqn Advertiser was suppressed for referring to the Mikado's "mailed fist" falling heavily upon the Japanese proletariat; Pooley's " Japan at the Cross Roads" and other books are placed upon the "Index Expurgatories." There were 1927 suppressions under the Okuma ministry (1914-1916).

It is clear why the Japanese people and even the government officials in Japan do not know the facts about the Korean uprising and Japanese methods of torture and suppression in Chosen. There is hope that the Japanese press law may soon be revised in favor of greater freedom.

OUTBREAK IN LOVEDALE INSTITUTE STUDENT unrest is not confined to India or China. A ser- ious disturbance occurred at Lovedale Institute, South Africa, on Sunday, April 25, and inVIOlved the destruction of the chapel by fire, the breaking of windows and other property damage, the stoning of Rev. J. Lennox, the acting principal, and assaults on other teachers. The immediate occasion of the riot seems to have been some dissatisfaction with the bread, but the real, underlying cause was the agitation from outside. One hundred and ninety-eight native lads were arrested and imprisoned. In spite of the plea for clemency made by acting-principal Lennox, the judge sentenced each of the fourteen ring leaders to three months' imprisonment at hard labor and £50 fine; and the remainder of the men to a fine of £15 each or one month in prison.

The Christian Express, Lovedale, says: "The virus of this trouble came from outside, but it is probably not all of one strain. The Land Act of 1913 implanted a deplorable crop of suspicion in the minds of the natives, and served to bind together tribes and clans which, up to then, had been disunited. There is a restlessness all over the world and notably among students. Strikes are in fashion. Educated natives read the newspapers, and not a few have witnessed strikes in Johannesburg and elsewhere. The term "strike" conveys to the mind of the native the idea of smaHhing things in general and windows in particular. It is almost certain that few of the rioters realized beforehand the seriousness of their actions. The majority were led by the few, and those who did not join in the riot were threatened with bodily harm."

Lovedale Institute, which has done such a noble work in Africa, has been temporarily closed on account of the riot and damage, and a real setback has been given to the cause of native education. That the South Africans in general are not in sympathy with the action of the students is shown by the regret expressed by parents whose sons have caused the trouble and by the resolutions passed by one of the native church courts. These resolutions express deep regret at the disturbance in Lovedale Institute, and record hearty

EDITORIAL COMMENT

disapproval of the conduct of the students. They close by saying: "Our prayer will daily be that the great danger with which our educational system is threatened may be averted and that brighter days may come to the Institute."

The W orId and The Gospel Today* BY VISCOUNT BRYCE, LONDON, ENGLAND T HIS period of history is one of great urgency and gravity. The white races are penetrating the whole world. The whole world is brought together as never before. There is hardly a spot that was not touched and smitten by the War in one way or another. It affected regions that had hardly a place in history before-all Siberia from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean, Central Asia and much of East Central Africa. If you except some tropical forest regions of Africa and South America, nearly all the backward· races have in some way suffered by the War. It is owing to the quarrels of the socalled Christian peoples that so much misery has been brought to the world.

Not only is the white man penetrating everywhere, but wherever he goes he is a destroying force. Not only are ancient faiths crumbling, but the moral foundations of custom on which the backward races lived in former times have been removed. They have now nothing to live upon until and unless they are given the Gospel of Christ.

I cannot think of any time in the history of the world when we have had phenomena of this sort. That is the reason why we ought to bend our minds to developing our work in every mission field. It is also the reason why we should try to see that our influence in every country where Britain can exert her influence, is well exerted in the cause of justice and humanity, and to see also that our people abroad set a better example by their own lives than in times past.

We have to ask for gifts to support missions. It is a duty to give them, every Christian must seek to sprc:lad Truth and Light. But a gift is an external thing, it mayor may not be an expression of a man's real sense of duty, of his real devotion to his Lord. It is an offering, as in the Old Testament dispensation were the sacrffices on the altar. But mercy is better than sacrifice, because mercy is part of the quality of the human being himself; it means the individual's moral purpose, his realization in his own life of Christian duty and Christian love. In and by it he shows forth his faith by his life better than any offering of money can do.

" " " "From the LaymenJs Bulletin, published by the National Laymen~s Missionary Movement, London :f;ngland. .

Now. we have come to the end of the War and what do we see? Those ~ho have the best means of knowing tell us that two normal epidemics are visible all' over England. One is an epidemic of crime, and especially of robbery with violence. There has heen an increase in theft and all forms of .dishonesty, theftfl on railways, thefts in the postal service.. The 'other epidemic is even wOrse. It is a prevalence of sensual vice such as has not been observed for many years. If there is a department of moral conduct in which Christianity has rendered an especial service to the world, it has been in raising the level for human morals, and in its treatment of sensual vice. When one reads of what sensuality was in the ancient world, when one recalls its treatment by the Greek and Roman poets, and what St. Paul says of it in his own time, one feels .how enormous has been the change to the modern world, and how entirely that change is dne to the influence of Christianity. Even when things were worst in the modern world, they never sank so low as they had done in pre-Christian days. Whenever we see a falling back toward the thought and practice of that pre-Christian world, it is a dangersignal which warns us of the need for guarding the higher conception of sexual relations which Christianity gave.

All these thoughts bring us back to the main thought-what can we do to make our country a Christian country7 The more we feel what has been called" the bankruptcy of civilization" the more we feel that the only thing that can save the world is to return to the precepts of the Gospel, and try to bring our practice nearer to our profession.

There is no light from any quarter promising moral dignity and purity and goodwill among men except that which comes from the Gospel. That is the Light which lighteth every .man, and that is the Light which we must do our best to spread not only abroad but among ourselves. The precepts of the Gospel are the one remedy for all the troubles we see around us at home and abroad. No nation has ever yet really tried to put those precepts into practice.

There seems to be a great call going out to us now to Christianize other peoples. To do this effectively, we must begin by Christianizing ourselves. If the Gospel is the only Light, then it is according to the Gospel that we must try to rule our own liYes and induce others to do so. The best way to move others is to set an example by following these precepts ourselves. However zealous we may be for the diffusion of the knowledge of the Gospel abroad, and however earnest our efforts, after all the most vitally essential thing is that we should try to infuse a Christian spirit into the society in which we live. Let us by all means continue our efforts to spread the Light abroad, but let it also illuminate the individual life at home.

A BUSY SCENE IN THE MARKET PLACE. NAHA. LlU CHIU

Liu Chiu-the Floating Dragon BY REV. C. K. HARRINGTON A N IMPORTANT chain of islands stretches from the south- western extremity of Japan, across well nigh a thousand miles of salt water, to Formosa. These beautiful and fertile islands, which number about ninety in all, while divided into several groups, were known as a whole to the Chinese as Liu-Kiu, or Liu-Chiu. The Japanese, to whom the pronunciation of the letter l is as difficult as that of r is to their Chinese cousins, call them Riu-Kiu. The name, which signifies the "Floating Dragon," was bestowed on them by their Chinese discoverer, because they suggested to his mind the appearance of a sea-dragon, or sea-serpent, floating on the surface of the water. The alternative .Japanese name is Okinawa, the "Rope-in-the-Offing," as though this chain of islands united Japan with Formosa.

The Liu Chius lie in the course of the Kuro-Shiwo or Japan Current, the Gulf Stream of the Pacific, and thus have an equable, warm and humid climate, very trying to Europeans and even to Japanese. The agricultural products comprise rice and millet, tea, tobacco, cotton and indigo; beside such fruits as bananas, pineapples, oranges, peaches and plums. The most important crop is sugar cane, the sugar from which, half a million barrels a year, is sent up to Japan for refining. Another principal crop is sweet 763

potatoes of a very inferior quality, which form the ordinary food of the common people. There are many domestic animals, such as ducks and geese, swine, cattle' and horses. Mining, also, and manufacturing are carried on somewhat extensively.

On account of the typhoons which frequently visit the islands the people of the cities surround their houses with high walls built of blocks' of coral rock. The village dwellings are small, wretched huts. As a rule the native Liu Chiuans, whether in city or country, are almost indescribably poor, even from a Japanese point of view. The population of the islands is estimated at over :half a million.

In race the Liu Chiuans differ somewhat from the people of Japan proper, being chiefly, it is supposed, a blend of Japanese with aboriginal tribes. They have a langnage, or dialect, of their own. They claim that their traditions date back seventeen thousand years, but having had no written language they have no native historical records or literature. In the year 1879 Japan fonnally annexed them to her own territory, this being the first considerable addition to the Empire after the restoration: Since that time there has naturally been a great increase in the number of pure Japanese living on the islands, and the use of the Japanese language has been spreading among the Liu Chiuans of the better educated classes. Even yet, however, the Liu Chius are to the .Japanese of the mainland practically a foreign country, inhabited by an alien race, speaking an unknown tongue. For a Japanese preacher to set sail from Kobe for Naha, to carry the message of the Cross to the Liu Chiu Islanders, is as truly a foreign missionary enterprise as for an American to take the gospel to Japan, or at least, as being an American possession, to the Philippines. As a race the Liu Chiuans are said to be much inferior to either the Japanese Or Chinese. "For centuries they have been ground between two mill-stones, and that, combined with the tyranny of their own officials, has utterly crushed out every particle of decision of character, leaving them a weak, spiritless and groveling people."

Their depressed condition is no doubt due also in part to the fact that they have not been brought under the sway of any great religious or moral teaching. However inferior to Christianity we may consider Buddhism and Confucianism, we cannot doubt that these have been to a very large degree Lights of Asia, and that China and Japan owe to them much of their progress in knowledge, in morality and in the arts and refinements of life. Buddhism was introduced from China in 1281, and between the old capital, Shuri, and the new capital, Naha, is a Buddhist temple said to date from that time, the walls of which are lined with the ancestral tablets of the Kings of Liu Chiu for over six hundred years.

1920J LIU CHIU-THE FLOATING DRAGON

The teachings of Confucius also have become familiar to people of education. But neither Buddha nor Confucius has exerted much influence over the minds of the Liu Chiuans generally. They seem to be destitute of an aptitude for great religious ideas, and are the slaves of many superstitions.

The great missionary campaign undertaken in the sixteenth cen- tury by Francis Xavier for the Roman Catholic church, in south- ern and eastern Asia, probably included the Liu Chiuans in its scope, but, if so, it made no per- manent impression on the people.

The story of modern Christian missions in the islands begins in 1846. At that time the ports of Japan were still closed to foreign shipping, and Naha, the chief Liu Chiu port, was a regular ren- dezvous for the fleets of western nations cruising in Asiatic wat- -ers. A number of Christian of- ficers of the British navy became interested in the spiritual condi- tion of the people, and with their A LIU CHIUAN GRANDMOTHER support a Dr. Bettelheim, a Ger- man Jew by birth but a Christian in faith, and with an English wo- wan for his wife, settled at Naha, and labored for seven years to plant the Christian faith in the islands. The story of Dr. Bettel- heim's arrival, and his subsequent experiences, was told to Dr. Thomson of Kobe by an eye-witness, an old man of over seventy.

"He arrived in Naha in May, 1846, with his English wife, his family of two children, and his household goods, on board an English man-of-war, at that time the only means of reaching these islands. Application was at once made to the officials for permission to land and begin work, but it was refused, and strict injunc- tions were issued to the boatmen not to bring the missionary ashore. He bided his time, however, and one day while a boatman was aboard the vessel, probably beguiled below, Dr. Bettelheim hastily piled his family and goods into the boat and waited. When the boatman returned and saw his boat full of unexpected guests, he fell on the deck and implored the officers to take them back on board, as he would be severely punished if the missionary went ashore in his boat. No notice was taken of this appeal, as the officials had no right to refuse permission to land; and after wait-

ing for ·five or six hours he most reluctantly left for the shore. The vessel sailed away, and thus this brave missionary took up his lonely post among these islanders, for Christ's s~ke and the Gospel's. ' , pro Bettelheim remained in Liu Chiu seven years, suffering many hardships and constant petty annoyances. The common peo- ple were not unfriendly to him, but the officials, knowing of the opposition of the Japanese government to Christianity, and fearing to incur its hostility by allowing the prohibited religion to gain a foothold, did all in their power to discourage the missionary and cause his retirement from the country. "Guard-houses were erect- ed at the entrance to his residence, and he was kept under the strictest surveillance night and day. Spies followed him every- where he went, and if he stopped to preach or speak to the people, at a signal from these men the crowd would at once disappear. When he distributed tracts and portions of Scriptures the officials would gather them up from the people and return them to him next day in neatly tied packages. The shopkeepers were forbidden to sell to him, and in every possible way his position was made as unpleasant as could be, in the hope of driving him out of the islands. "

The only thing that deterred the officials from making an end of him altogether was their wholesome fear of the British fleet, the ships of which frequently touched at the islands. We are told that on one occasion he had been arrested and beaten, but the sudden appearance of an English vessel caused his release, and the officials were compelled to apologize and promise better treatment in the future. Under the constant strain of these persecutions his health finally broke down, and in 1853 this obliged him to withdraw from the field, without having seen, so far as we can learn, any results of his labor. Dr. Bettelheim, during his stay on the islands, made a translation of some portions of the Scriptures. As the Liu Chiuans had no written vernacular, this translation was probably into Japanese, and if so was one of the very earliest attempts to produce a Japanese version of the Scriptures.

But although the Liu Chiu officials, influenced by the Japanese hatred of Christianity, succeeded in foiling this early attempt to establish Christianity on the islands, Providence had arranged that after all they were to play a part in the introduction of the Gospel into Japan j and that it was to be in turn from Japan, and from the lips of Japanese, that the islands were to receive the Message. HIt was from these islands that Commodore Perry commenced those operations which finally resulted in throwing open Japan not only to trade but to evangelization."

Dr. Bettelheim was still laboring and suffering at Naha when fJle Perry squadron arrived, May 26, 1852. When Perry with his

A LIU CHIUAN WORSHIPPING BEFORE AN ANCESTRAL

"black ships" came sailing into the harbor, he was surprised to be immediately saluted with the British Ensign, run up on a flagstaff on a cliff near the town. In the fine three-volume account of the Expedition published by the United States government, we are told of Dr. Bettelheim's visit to the ship. Presently Perry was up at Yedo, knocking at Japan's front door, and ere long that door was open both for the foreigner and the foreign ·religion.

Forty years passed before the Gospel again came to the Liu Chiu Islands. There was a new Japan, and the Liu Chius were her possession. Japanese officials conducted the affairs of Naha.

In the spring of 1891 there came to the East an old lady from Scotland, a Presbyterian, Mrs. Alexander Allan, of Glasgow. For years she had been concerned for the spiritual welfare of the people of the many islands that cling about the skirts of Japan, and first of all for the Liu Chiuans as being the least likely to be early reached by the gospeL In Kobe she found a fellow-countryman and a kindred spirit in Missionary Thomson, to whom she expressed her interest in this matter. On her return to Scotland she made an offer, through Mr. Thomson, to the American Baptist Missionary Union-now the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society-of a sum of money sufficient to establish a Christian work in the Liu Chius, and to sustain it for a number of years. The Society gladly accepted Mrs. Allan's proposal, and steps were at once taken by Mr. Thomson to begin the work. In the Baptist

Theological Seminary was a Mr. Hara Michinosuke, who had had an inward call to labor for the Liu Chiu people, and among the Baptist preachers was a Mr. Okamoto who had lived among them years before as a government official,and was willing to return to them as a missionary. The autumn of 1891 saw these two Jap- anese pioneer evangelists settled at Naha. A few months later Mr. Thomson, accompanied by his wife, made his first visit to the islands. During the three weeks they remained they were received everywhere with kindness and courtesy, and to the daily meetings the Liu Chiuans flocked in crowds, of course largely from curios- ity, to see the foreigners, as the addresses, being in Japanese, would be unintelligible to most of them.

"The sight of a foreign lady nearly upset the equilibrium of the city of Naha, her appearance on the streets was the signal for a general suspension of business. She could clear the public square, which was the general market place, of both merchants and cus- tomers, inside of three minutes, if it was known that she was out walking in the streets. This disturbance of the traffic of the place led to the amusing request on the part of the police that the lady should stay indoors during the day, only coming out for exercise after dark."

The condition of the Liu Chiuans when Mr. Thomson made his first visit to Naha was truly worthy of compassion. Although they had been already more than a decade a part of the Japanese Em- pire, very little had apparently yet been done by the government to promote their. welfare. Outside the Capital, schools werE' un- known and the bulk of the people were destitute of even the ele- ments of learning. In their domestic and social and industrial life they were in a very primitive state. Modern methods and implements, and conveniences of domestic life, whicp had become common in the empire at large, were here yet Ul'known. Even the humble kerosene lamp was wanting. There were many in such poverty that they could not afford even the sweet potatoes of poor quality which grow in the islands, but were obliged to resort to a mixture of potato and clay.

As for religion, they were without even such insufficient guidance and consolation as Buddhism might give, and were under the sway of all kinds of superstition. So materialistic had they become that the very idea of a spiritual religion was foreign to them. If they knew of Christianity it was as something to be shunned, having in it, it was thought, an unholy magical power which cast an evil spell on men and separated them both from living friends and dead ancestors. It was perhaps to escape this spell that whenever a white man appeared in any of the villages the women and children fled from him in terror.

LIU CHIU-THE FLOATING DRAGON

BUSY STREET IN NAHA, I,IU CHIU ISI,ANDS The handicap of the language, and the timidity, conservatism and superstition of the people, made the work of our pioneer Japanese evangelists difficult and sometimes discouraging, and ten years passed without large visible results. Then a change came, and the people gathered in crowds to hear the gospel. Hundreds professed faith in Christ and were baptized. Other Japanese Christian workers from the mainland joined in the work, and from among the Liu Chiuan Christians were raised up preachers and teachers. Churches were organized at Naha and at Shuri, and a number of country stations were opened. Dr. Thomson, although in residence at Kobe, a thousand miles away, has been in direction of the work, and when occasion has required has either visited the islands in person or has arranged for some other missionary to make the journey. Two or three years ago the Baptist church membership was not far from one thousand, but a drastic weeding out has reduced this number by two-thirds.

The faith of most of the early converts waS not of a highly spiritual nature. The Christian God of whom the preacher spoke was evidently a great and powerful Being, and under His favor they might expect prosperity. Bodily health, a flourishing family, fat crops, and rapid increase of their livestock were to them the visible signs, at first the only intelligible signs, of God's love and care. Let the harvest fail, sickness invade their home, or disease break

out among their domestic animals, and the foundations of their faith began to criImb1e. For-they- were- essentia11y -it primitive people, and among all primitive peoples-as among the primitive Israelites themselves, as is clearly shown in the Old Te§.tllmentmaterial prosperity and adversity have always been hel(l'to"te the tokens of the divine favor or displeasure. "That is uo~.Jirst which is spiritual but that which is natural, and afterward, thit which is spiritual. " Thanks to years of Christian teaching :~d experience, more spiritual conceptions are gradually supplanting these primitive ideas, and while the numerical growth of the churches is at present less rapid than formerly, they are in a more satisfactory condition.

Following close upon the Baptists in Ohristian work for the Liu Ohiuans came the Methodist Episcopal Mission of Japan, in 1893, and the Ohurch Mission Society, in 1894. The former has enjoyed very considerable success. A number of church@s have been organized, with a roll of perhaps a thous-and members. In one village, where nearly 150 had united with the church in a single year, the villagers took alarm, and endeavored to stay the progress of the work, declaring that if the new teaching, with its disapproval of drinking, dancing and the theatre, should gain further headway, life in their village would become intolerably dull. This recalls to the writer a remark sometimes made by Japanese on learning that he was an abstainer from both sake and tobacco: "I should think you would find it very lonesome."

During these twenty-five years, while Ohristian missions have made a beginning of the spiritual transformation of the Liu Ohiuans, the Japanese Government, in pursuance of a wise policy operative also in Korea and Formosa, has been exerting itself to promote their welfare along industrial and educational lines. Missionary Wynd, of Tokyo, who had made his first visit to the islands in 1893, made a second visit in 1915, and speaks of the marked changes that had taken place during the interval. "Schools have been established in every big village, and high schools are found in the business centers. Ambitious young men flock from the islands to the mainland. One or two, after taking degrees in the Imperial University, are back in the islands to light the torch of culture in Naha, Shuri and Itoman. The young men meet together and talk about the poetry of Tagore, the philosophy of Eucken and the plays of Ibsen. The ignorant, downtrodden, fearful native of the Liu Ohius has been transformed. His ideas, his habits, his outlook on the world are different, as is also his appearance. He has become a Japanese." To become a Japanese, in this case, is to become intelligent, alert, independent, progressive, interested in politics, education, science, art and social problems, both of the East and of the West.

Material conditions also, at least in the larger towns, have greatly improved. Mrs. Thomson, who braves the perils and hardships of the long sea journey to assist in the work of the Bible-women and kindergartners, says: "No longer will the traveler feel that he is landing in a primeval country, untouched by modllrn civilization. The dreadful mixtures of sweet potato and clay that in former days were expo~ed for sale have disappeared. The people are much more vigorous. The J"apanese regime has certainly made the town dwellers more sanitary in their habits. 1'he streets have drains and the rubbish is removed, so that the city is much more cleanly in appearance. Tram cars run on time through the main streets of Naha, and up to the gates of Shuri, the old capital.

'I'he inflow of. western thought and civilization, by way of Tokyo, upon the pdmitive life of the Liu Chiuans is creating a new Liu A CHRISTIAN CHAPEl" LIU CHlU ISLANDS Chiu in the midst of the old, and this cleavage extends into the religious realm. The old style native, who of course is in the great majority, is still, Mr. Wynd tells us, "primitive and simple, receiving the Gospel as a child, and the preacher as a messenger from heaven. The new Liu Ohiuan is ostentatiously modern, a reader of new books, full of new ideas and as much taken up with his recent acquisitions as a child with a new toy. He, too, is groping after God, and has deep spiritual experiences, which he likes to express in modern terms, using any quotations from his favorite books." This rise of the new Liu Ohiuan adds an element of difficulty to Ohristian work. "These two classes are both found in the church, and the preacher's difficulty on Sunday morning when they meet for worship is to minister to both classes. The modern man does not want to hear the Liu Ohiu dialect; the bulk of the congregation does not understand anything else. The new man wants his pastor to be also a new man, talking the language of the modern sages, going to the root of all the problems of philosophy, science, religion and life, explaining and illuminating these. The older members cannot understand these things, but wish to hear of- the Father's love and care, in the simple language of the story of the Prodigal Son, or of the two spar-

rows sold for one farthing." So the preacher must choose whether to preach in the native dialect, in a simple, Biblical style; or in Japanese, in a more profound manner. Mr. Haraguchi, the longtime Japanese missionary to Liu Chiu, wisely chose the former course, and his good example has been followed by most of the other Christian workers, both native and Japanese.

In 1917 the Baptist Mission force in the islands was reported as consisting of one pastor, three evangelists and two Biblewomen. There were four Sunday-schools, with an aggregate roll of 700 scholars. The churches at Naha and Shuri were overflowing the modest buildings where they met for worship, and the preaching places where evangelistic work is being carried on were well attended. On the occasion of Mr. Wynd's recent visit to Naha, he was waited upon by a group of country people who had walked fifteen miles as a deputation from their village. They made very urgent request that he should come out to their district and preach the gospel to their people, many of whom were eager to hear. The Wise Woman of the village was the spokesman of the group, and said, "We came on purpose to invite you, and we started early, before the village cocks had begun to crow; when the stars were giving us light and the frogs were croaking in the pools." In addition to Sunday-school work for children there is a flourishing kindergarten carried on in Naha, and in the heart of that city the Baptist Mission established, in 1917, a fine mission plant, with a good church building-the first to be erected in the Islands-a parsonage, and ample kindergarten accommodations.

It may reasonably be expected that through the efforts of the several Missions now at work in the Liu Chius the more important islands of the chain will ere long be entirely evangelized, but many of the smaller ones cannot well be reached by the methods now employed, and may have to await the day when a Gospel Ship, like that which sails the Inland Sea of Japan, shall cruise among them.

The story of missionary work in the Liu Chius presents a striking example of divine providence and leadership. The officials at Naha, under pressure from Japan, sought to prevent Christianity getting a foothold in the Islands. At this very time the Perry Expedition, with Naha as a base of operations, opened Japan to western commerce and to Christianity. Later, the Liu Chius were swept up into the Japanese Empire, and Christian Japanese, under Japanese government protection, carried the gospel message back to Naha.

Paik Early Spring Tells His

(The following narrative is given as nearly as possible in a translation of the man's own words as he told the story to us.) TRANSLATED BY A RESIDENT IN KOREA I T IS a long story and all very strange. God has strange ways of working. We cannot follow them all. I will tell you what happened as a man sees it. Can one know the plant before he understands the root f To tell you my story I must begin with another's history. There was a certain Buddhist priest, a man of restless desires but spiritual withal. He was not lazy nor content to live slothfully on monastery lands like the others, but was a man of spiritual yearning who sought the hidden meaning of things and peace for his unquiet soul. If not why did he wander through our "three thousand Ii of mountains and rivers," making pilgrimages to all the monasteries of the thirteen provinces? And even this was not enough. He passed over the Eastern sea to the land of the Rising Sun and visited the holy places there. Was it not. by the grace of God that he met a missionary who showed him the first chapter of Genesis ¥ Who would begin a Gospel word with the first chapter of Genesis? Is not this also a way of God who knows the need of every man's heart? This man read the first lines and he laid down the Book and he said: "I have found the truth! 'In the beginning God'! All through the years I have known the words of the Way of the Buddha. Have not Suhkayuri's" words been in my ears? 'None in heaven above, none in earth below, only I, alone.' Suhkayuri meant there was no God but it was all athwart my consciousness. 'In the beginning God' ! There was a beginning. There is a God! This is truth!"

So this priest learned the Christian doctrine in a measure and believed. Also he became a merchant and prospered in business. He crossed into China and became a seller of drugs and because he was prospered, his gains were five thousand ounces of silver and certain bales of Chinese silk. So he returned.

It is written, "The love of money is the root of all evil," and so it became in the after days but the tale must be told in order.

Did I tell you where I first heard the Word? In the second month of the year of the Rabbit (1903) on the road to the provincial capital I met a little man with a round face. He was a gentleman in his bearing and he wore a winter cap of fur beneath his gentleman's hat. A coolie with him bore a heavy bundle in the rack of his carrying frame on his back. They were resting a mo- * Suhkayuri is the Korean name of G-uatama Buddha or Sakyamooni.

773

ment in the sunshine by the big rock below the Kyung Ju Pass, so I too stopped and gravely salut~d a~cording t9 the custom of our people.

"I am Paik Early Spring of Peace River Village," I said "Even so," he replied. "I am Kim Source of Strength of such and such a place. ~, (You know him today as Pastor Kim. Was he not the first to believe in our province n "Are you in peace 1' , "I am in peace. What have you in your load that seems so heavy?"

"They are books."

"I also am a reader of books. What sort are these?"

"They are the Books of the Lord, the Saviour of the world,"

he said.

"Saviour of the World 1 Lord!" The words had no meaning to me. "Who is this one whom you call Saviour of the world 1"

"God sent His son," he said "to be the world's Saviour. "

"Can God have a son? What idle words are these 7" I an- swered him in scorn and turned away quickly in bitterness.

Of a truth in those days I was not slow in speech, but I think he prayed for me. And all that day as I walked the road in the keen Winter air there was one sound in my ears, "the Saviour of the World . , . the Saviour of the World." The wild geese passed overhead and their honking cry sounded in my ears "the Saviour of the World." "What spell is this?" I said in anger. "Oannot one forget a senseless word 1 I will stop for food at yonder inn."

They called me a well-to-do man in those days. There were certain fields and if. the year was favorable there was rice for all the food mouths. Also the wood of the mountain beyond was mine for the cutting. I was a reader of the classics and no merchant and yet as men will, I went from time to time to the market town on market days and on a certain market day, I sought in the mar- ket place for satin piece goods of a sort and it was not found, but there were those who said: "Has not Pak the Buddhist returned from China with satins?

Seek his house in such a village."

Now this was the man of whom I have already spoken but as yet I know not the man nor his new manner of religion, only that he had satin piece goods of value. So I went to this village and one directed me to his house. .

The gate of the courtyard was open and the door of his guest room too. You know of our custom to have one room with the door facing outward where visitors are received. There was a gathering there, one or two men, and on the open porch beyond one or two women on rush mats. I stood before the door and they

MR P~IKEARLY SPRING TELLSHtS STORY

so bade me. enter I entered quickly and kneeling in it respectful attitude I said:'

"Let 'us make ourselves known to one another. I am Paik Early Spring of Peace River Village."

"I bear the name of the house of Pak," my host answered gravely. "You have come at a fortunate time. Presently we shall.

enquire your business but now we worship. Be pleased to join with use. This is the Lord's Day.;"

So he spoke and I answered wondering, "What Lord's day7"

" Jesus, " he said, "The Lord, the Saviour of the world."

Was it not the echo of the voice in my sOlll? And I saw again in my mind's eye the little old man by the roadside in· the sunshine with his books on the Kyung Ju road and his words were still in "Saviour of the world"! r my ears through many days.

thought to myself, even as I have said, this is a strange world but I was minded to listen to his words. So the master of the house said "Let us pray. Condescend only to refrain from smoking while we worship."

I knocked the ash from my pipe bowl across the door sill and thrust the bamboo stem into my sleeve. They bowed their heads and one prayed. How should I know the meaning of what he said1 Strange words they were, yet not strange. Words that I knew everyone but put together with new meanings that made it sound in my ears like the language of the outer barbarians. Again I heard of the Son of God, but what was this talk of love and trust and of One's blood that had been shed? He prayed even for me, that I, a stranger, might understand the doctrine. They prayed and bowed their heads but why should I bow my head? It was not my worship yet I held my peace and listened and my eye searched the room, but never a Buddha nor a spirit-jar nor a worship tablet did I see.

What worship was this I thought scornfully? Then the man Pak took a book and read words like those of his pr:iyer and he made explanation of it withal as to one of little understanding and I perceived that he meant me and I listened to his, words. Then they sang a song and the words were "Far, far have I wandered." All these things are known to you but I had never heard the Jesus doc- trine before in all my days. The words- were new and strange but I learned their meaning and understood something about the Saviour of the world. And so it was that from time to time I went to this ·house and joined in worship, but the doctrine had not yet come to rule my life and I was not greatly changed, only men said I was a disciple of Pak and did the Jesus doctrine.

There was a time of political and religious disturbance when the Il Chin Whoi (Progress~ve Society) was abroad and there was persecution also from the Catholics and we were very ignorant in those days and once we took revenge on them; but I may not tel]

that tale now, only we were much troubled and many fell away fill of those who gathered at Pak's house only five or six remained. Two of the group had died suddenly. The wives of two others died and certain children. Is not death the common lot of all? Yet the unbelievers said it was because we had followed the Jesus doc- trine, and yet others cooled off in their minds little by little until their minds fell completely and only the Buddhist and I were left.

I cannot tell it all, how he took the typhus and died and how there was none to help but a young wife and an old father-in-law. And I because I was a believer I thought to take no hurt from the disease and attended him until he left the world.

He besought me to write a letter to a missionary and make words to the effect that he had sinned grievously and must fall into hell for that his wife had called in a devil exorcist to drive away the devils of his illness, but he bade me say that it was done when he was without senses and knew it not, by others in the house and he would know if this was a sin laid to his door. So I and one other wrapped the body in matting and tied it round and round with straw rope and buried it on the mountainside alone and there was no coffin.

I took his Bible and hymn book and the useless roll-book of our church and went away and was a Christian no more for many days, but all the while there was a heaviness in my heart and my conscience was unclean for that I visited the market even on the Lord's Day.

I was no Christian then, but one day a young colporteur came to the' market place and preached, and when one jeered at him in the crowd I bade the disturber hold his peace that all might hear the words and the young man also said to me: "Do you also know the doctrine?" My heart burned but I was afraid and I said "I have known . something. "

I held the young man's bag while he spoke standing on some sacks of rice in the market place, and all the people listened for his words-were good and new. So I followed him even to another market place and held his books while he preached and a certain scholar in that place believed and because he was a noted man and had a following, a church grew up there, but it was not my home village· and my mind was not warm towards the doctrine then. I did not put my name on the roll books then though certain ones urged me to do so, even one who had been a companion of my childhood. Is not his name Pak Sun Tal ¥ The manuer of his urging was this. It happened that a certain market day fell on the Lord's Day for it often will when our market days run once in five and the Lord's Day once in seven. I rode upon my horse to go to

MR. PAIK EARLY SPRING TELLS HIS STORY

market. By the crossing of Peace River I met Pak Sun Tal who had become a Christian.

"Whither~" He said only. "To attend the market," I answ(>r~d. Then he said: "You also were a believer once.• Rave you forgotten that it is the Lord's Day~" I was minded to make a surly reply and a lying one withal, and to say even that a man must live and how could he live and still be idle one day in seven and tha,t I greatly needed the profit of that day's trade. I say I was minded to say all this but I looked do'Wll sidewise at Pak Sun Tal and there were no words in my mouth to make reply, for I saw his garment that it was worn and frayed while my own was silk and in my heart I knew that of us two he was less able to be idle than I if that were all. He seemed to know my thought for he said simply: "The Lord has a way. He knows how to make up the time we give to Him." But my mind was proud and stubborn and I lied and said, I must needs go, for a reason; so Pak Sun Tal went on sadly but I think he too prayed for me. They made me a judge of the market in those days and I sat on the judge's seat and those who had quarrels over their wares brought them before me and I settled their disputes and in that market my word was law. But with some I had the name of Jesus believer because once I had attended the church in the house of the former Buddhist monk, only none of my family believed. Their time had not yet come. This also is strange. God has times for certain things. You believe it do you not T And when His time comes then things must happen, but my family's time to repent had not yet come.

Then came the great trial. Our family was eight food-mouths in all. Then three of my sons died one after another. Was not God arousing me 1 And myoId mother desired the sorcerer to drive away the evil spirits that were bringing sorrows on our house, but I would none of it for my conscience would not let me, though I was no Christian. Only when I was away from home they did so secretly but what was the profit 1 Did not the last of my sons also depart? Then my daughter became ill and the mother was even as one bereft of senses for she said: "It is our only child. "

So they brought the sorcerer with his drum and bells but I would not do obeisance to him, tolching my head to the ground before him who had the familiar spirit as the custom is, though my mother besought me with tears and wailing for she said: "If we do not honor his demon the child will die. He will let it die! Why should she die, only this little one?"

Then she commanded my younger brother to bow before the sorcerer and he refused saying; "The honorable elder brother says it is devil worship and an evil thing and useless. Why should I do it either1" So the sorcerer departed in a rage saying that seven devils sat upon the roof of our house could we but see them.

Then I lay in my room reading. My hand had fallen upon a gospel tract and being drowsy the paper ,fell across my eyes and I slept but in my sleep someone seemed calling, calling, ever calling, till I awoke and looked through the door into the courtyard and behold a devil rope was hung around the house, a devil rope of braided straw with paper prayer fluttering at intervals throughout its length. My mother had done this thing to keep the spirits afar. Also she sought them in prayer-you know the custom. How runs the patter?

"Seven spoons of cold clean rice purified and boiled-fortyfive paces toward the north, a hollow gourd, a straw shoe and a lighted wick in a saucer of oil and a call upon the tree spirits name."

It WaS the call I heard in my slumber. Quickly I arose and seized my writing brush and fiercely ground the ink-cake on the wet stone and wrote letters to all the J esuSI believers whom I knew and bade them to come quickly to my house to pray with me for the child. So in the night we prayed and sang and the wondering villagers thronged the courtyard. And the child lived, for God works miracles in His time. And all my household repented and came out unto Jesus for their time had come and God's time for them. Said I not that God has times 1 In ten years since then has my mother missed one Lord's day from attendance at the church? Though the winter wind whirls down and the snow drifts deeply even to the knees and one would dissuade her from going the long walk to the meeting place, she takes her staff in hand and fares forth across the river, for she says she must needs pray. Have I not also given my life for His service and when it seemed best for the work that I should be called to be an evangelist I left my native village and sold even the land, to live henceforth as the Lord should give support through the church.

As to how by the grace of God I became a helper and an elder and of what befell in the Spring of this year thou knowest very well. . . . Truly of His grace have I received abundantly.

(Yes, we knew very well what befell in the Sprmg of last year. He was one of five men who was seized without warning while sitting in his room at the Theological Seminary, rushed away by the police, tied to a wooden cross and beaten with twenty-nine blows because he was a Korean and a Christian, but he calls it the grace of God!)

HIGHLANDeRS AT HOM!'

"The Albanians-A Forgotten Race"

BY MRS. SEVASTI K. DAKO T HE whole world has become a student of European affairs, conditions and peoples. The maps of the Near East have been examined more diligently than ever before; but in spite of this world wide interest very little is known of Albania and its "Forgotten Race."

Albania is a country blessed with every gift of nature, and has been termed the Switzerland of the Balkans. It is bounded by the Adriatic on the West, by Montenegro on the north; Serbia and Macedonia on the east, and Greece on the south. It comprises the southern part of ancient Illyricum and the whole of Epirus, and commands, by its geographical position, the main entrance 1.0 the Near East.

Into the soil of this beautiful and historical land, the Alballians, the "Sons of Eagle" have thrust deep roots and we date our history as far back as 4,000 years B. C. Every Albanian feels behind him this vast antiquity, giving him personal dignity and great national pride.

For a long time, the origin of the inhabitants of Albania, like 779

that of the Basks of the Pyrenees, has been an enigma for the ethnologists; but they have now succeeded in proving that the Albanians represent the most ancient living race of the Balkans, who have dwelt among their bleak hills from time immemorial. They 'form a distinct nationality and come from the most ancient branch of the Aryan family. They are the direct descendants of the ancient Illyrians, Macedonians, Epirotes, the offspring of the Pelasgians, the first peoples to come to Europe. Illyricum, or Illyria means in Albanian, "the Land of the Free." It was to the forefathers of the Albanians that St. Paul referred when he said, "Round about into Illyricum I have fully preached the gospel of Christ." The Albanians still claim St. Paul as their first missionary.

Albania has its glories. The heroic resistance offered by Albanians in the past against the Romans, the Goths, the Huns, the Serbians, the Bulgarians and the Normans has been nothing short of marvel(}us. Before it was overwhelmed by the Turks, it maintaine'd under its great leader George Kastriota, known better as Scanderbeg, a long and heroic struggle. With Scanderbeg as leader, Albania formed a bulwark of Europe against the Turk, and on his death, in 1467, the Sultan exclaimed, "Asia and Europe are mine at last! Woe to Christendom! It has lost its sword and shield!" It was Albania who fought ardently for half a century Europe's battle of Christianity against Islam and prevented the Crescent from supplanting the Cross in Europe.

It is true that during certain periods of its history, Albania was forced to acknowledge a certain amount of foreign nominal domination; but she never consented to renounce entirely her sovereignty, never consented to give up her national aspirations; her submission being only temporary and apparent. They have survived five great Empires and successfully resisted every effort to denationalize them. They have retained their language, their national customs and traditions throughout all the centuries, thus proving to be incapable of being conquered and assimilated.

In 1912, during the Balkan war, Albania became the bone of contention of Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria and Montenegro, which were contemplating its full partition; but the European Powers stepped in and hindered them from carrying out their programme. Meanwhile the Albanians, under the leadership of their veteran statesman, Ismail Kemal Bey Vlora, proclaimed the independence of their country and appealed to Europe for the integrity of Albania. A month later, the London' Conference, as a confession of the faith in the principle of nationality, sanctioned the independence of Albania, which was proclaimed by the Albanians themselves on November 28, 1912. A great part of the Albanian territory was however unjustly given to Montenegro, Serbia and Greece. In spite

ALBANIA

.AND IT$ UNREDEEMED 'I'ERRtTOFUE~ 781

of this, our neighbors were not satisiied, and at once started and invaded the country anew, and Oestroyed the machinery of the uewly born state, before it had time to get on its feet. The atrocities and massacres committed by thB invading forces during the summer of 1914, just before the outbreak of the great war, will remain a bloody stain in the history of the world.

But with the beginning of the great world's war-considering the solemn pledges made by the representatives of the Allies for the rights of the small nations-a glimmer of hope appeared that Albania, among other nations, was -at last to be granted her just claims for complete independence and national unity; and on this assumption they did their share in helping the Allies' cause. The Peace Conference, however, has traveled far from the principle of nationality in trying to settle the Near Eastern Question. The iirst time the Supreme Council deigned to notice the existence of ~~lbania was to propose its partition between Greece, Jugoslavia and Italy on the basis of the document knOwn as the Pact of Loudon. The Albanians have vehemently protested against this act as an injustice, and have waited patiently hoping that the Allies' representatives, in the name of justice and for the sake of peace in the Balkans, will restore the national unity of Albania, and will grant to the oldest race of Europe the undeniable right to gOVE'rn herself. But all in vain. The statesmen of Europe propose the allocation-of Albania to Italy, Jugoslavia and Greece ;by way of compensation for disappointments elsewhere! The Albanians are determined to iight until the champions of the Greek, Serbian, and Italian imperialistic policies withdraw their troops from Chameria, Kossova and Vallona. The Albanians speak an absolutely unique language, one of the most ancient, and historically one of the most important languagE's of Europe. It can only be compared with the Lithuanian in its importance, as a living witness of her past. Today it is spo~en only hy four million people; but in former times, before the Slavonic invasion, it was spoken over the whole of the Balkan Peninsula. 4mong the national aspirations of the Albanian people, the preservation of their ancient language holds a supremely important place. All their bitterest national struggles have centered round that, as it ts a question of life or death for them, and the women hl'lv~ played the predominant role in this struggle.

Ohristianity reached the Albanian coast as early as the iirst century, and by the third and fourth centuries the Albanians became entirely converted. – In the year 1054, when the Oriental schism took place, Albania being a part of the Eastern Empire, remained with the Eastern Patriarchate, which refused to preach the Gospel in the language of the people, so when the Turks came to Europe, the Albanians were Christians only in name. Adding

THE ALBANIANS-A FORGOTTEN RACE

to this reaSon the ignorance of the Greek clergy, and the love of wearing a sword, symbolizing power, one of the greatest characteristics M the Albanian people; we will easily understand why the majority of the Albanians embraced Islam. Two-thirds of the Albanians are Moslems and the rest Christians, those living in Southern Albania, belonging to the Greek Church, those of the northern part of the country being Roman Catholics.

The first attempt to give to the Albanians the Christian truth in the vernacular was made by the British and Foreign Bible Society which published the N€IW Testament in the year of 1820 in the Albanian language. In spite of the bitter opposition of the Greek clergy who regarded the circulation of the Holy Scriptures in Albanian as contradictory to all church orders and impious, the Eible Society published two new editions of the New Testament, one in 1838 and another in 1872. The people received them enthusiastically, for they saw in the work of the Bible Society the only scheme that will awake and consolidate the nation.

A few years later another important step was made in this direction by the late Gerasim D. Kyrias, who after graduating from the American Collegiate of Samakov (Bulgaria), went to Kortcha and for the first time preached the Gospel in the vernacular, in the presence of a large crowd, both Christians and Moslems. He was heartily congratulated for this noble step and earnestly begged by his compatriots to remain permanently at Kortcha and start a systematic Christian work among his people. Encouraged by these earnest invitations, he made an appeal to his American and English friends for help and in 1891, after the writer graduated from the American College at Constantinople, he founded the first and only Albanian girls' school. It was natural that the idea originated with him for he was in a position to see the great advantage of Christian education and the misfortune involved in the lack of it and to respond to the voice and dumb yearning of the Albanian youth fQr the knowledge which gives power and light. This institution has been the center of uplift and enlightenment, not only for young people, but also for women, who did not have the opportunity of attending school in their young days.

To a great extent, the Albanians still live a patriarchal life. Each family has its own leader, the oldest member of the family, and the younger members have to obey his orders. In Albania thp hearth is the altar and the throne of the nation's life, and she who presides in the home is inviolate and inviolable in her virtue where- ('ver she goes. Matrimonial alliances are regulated by the head of the house with the most rigid observance of rank and precedence. The men and women descending from a common ancestor, though remote, regard one another as brothers and sisters. Marriage between cousins separated by twelve generations is not thought of,

though the. church permits it. The betrothal in infancy still prevails in Albania. The betrothed girl and boy can marry no other. In case the girl refuses she swears to remain virgin and this entitles her to inherit property if there is no son in the family.

The marriageable age is 14 to 17 for the girls and 18 and over for the boys. The bride is brought to the parental home of the bridegroom, where she is to remain under the orders of the parents-in-Iaw until she herself becomes head of a family.

-rrhe highest aspiration of an Albanian wife is to be the mother of boys. This gives her great authority in the home, to which she has come as a stranger. In her old age, she looks forward to their support and affection and feels amply rewarded to be able to have her grandsons grow around her.

The Albanian men treat women with great consideration; consuit them freely in their affairs, both private and public, and accord them a position in the family equal to their own. To such an extent, indeed, is the respect for women carried by the Albanians that it is contrary to their notions of propriety ever to make women the subject of jokes or humorous stories. Well do women merit the respect of their husbands and brothers, and often prove themselves to be fit companions for men, unmindful of fatigue, danger and even death in the cause of liberty. Whenever the armies of the enemy menaced the privileges, of which the people of Albania had always been proud, it was the women who were the first to give the alarm and to excite the men to resist to death, themselves following in the combat. Restraining the tears, so natural to their sex, they 'Would carry the mutilated bodies of their loved ones among the combatants in order to excite them to avenge their death; and the same women refused to receive back into their homes the husbands or sons who had turned their backs upon the enemy. Albanian women are often entrusted with negotiations for truce and peace. Such being the character of the Albanian woman, it is not sur- prising that they have played a considerable part in the history of their country. The strength and influence of the mother in moulding the sentiment and the ideals of her children is great. She has always been opposed to Islam, because she has instinctively felt that Islam with its polygamy and divorce is a danger both to the rights of women and to the sacredness of the family. To her great credit she has been victorious in this "holy war," for even after five centuries, although the majority of the Albanians became Moslems still they are a monogamous people.

The Albanian woman has been equally successful in fighting for the preservation of our national traditions, customs and language, and although unlettered she fought bravely against many powerful, organized foreign propagandas, which for centuries have

worked to denationalize and assimilate the Albanians. History gives us a list of celebrated Albanian women and the wide field in which distinction has been won.

The education of the vast majority of Albanian girls is still of a purely domestic character. They take an active part in household duties, and each one also has the important task of getting ready her trousseau. This begins with the spinning and weaving of the various stuffs, cotton, woolen, linen, silk, of which they make a multitude of elaborately embroidered garments. The peasant and country girls generally help also in tending the flocks on the hills, fetch water from the fountains and lead a life of health and industry.

The future of the Albanian women depends largely on the political and religious future of the country. Given an opportunity to develop they will prove to be fine strong women who can take advantage of education.

The American Board sent its first missionaries to Albania in 1907, Rev. and Mrs. Phineas B. Kennedy, who are endeavoring to help the people both by living and doing. They have proved to be most earnest and zealous in their work and their noble efforts will surely be amply rewarded according to God's promises.

There is probably no wider field and greater opportunities open for the Gospel of Christ and more in need of the new life and its blessings than this old race, which has for centuries struggled for better things. Albania now more than ever feels the need of a strong sympathetic friend, while this new era with its overpowering evidences of selfishness, greed and force tramples the rights of the weak.

Who is to be Albania's Good Samaritan? She needs a friend to educate her and to present to her the highest Christian principles, now when she is about to start anew her national life. This great undertaking can be entrusted only to Christian America. Many would not have thought that the simple truths of repentance and salvation could have produced so much intelligence and patriotism as to revolutionize the whole Orient. But this has come about through Christian influence.

What America has done for the women of the other countries Rhould be done for Albania. The seed of righteousness must be sown to give strength of character and purity of ideals on which depend the success and greatness of nations. The unhappy Albanians, trodden down for 500 years, yearn for a spiritual new birth. These people are endowed with characteristics which, if moulded in the right way, will make the nation a power for His glory.

Woman's Christian College

BY REV. A. K. REI SCHAUER, TOKYO, JAPAN Executive Secretary of the Board of Trustees J APAN as a nation believes in education. It is her boast that 98% of the children of primary school age (a. 6 years' course) are in schools. There are almost as many girls as boys in these schools. In Sunday-schools the enrolment is about 330,000 and the ratio between boys and girls is two to one in favor of the boys. In schools above the High School grade the enrolment is something over 50,000. The ratio between men and women in these schools is about forty to one in favor of the men. But this is not all; the government has recently launched a new program for higher education which calls for the establishment of 33 new colleges and the enlargement of existing institutions, entailing the expenditure of millions of yen. Not one of these new schools and not one cent of these n€!W millions is for the higher education of young women. At the same time we must remember that the women of Japan are coming into new prominence in the life of the nation.. The new Woman's Christian Oollege in Tokyo has therefore an opportunity almost unprecedented in the history of Christian education on the mission fields. It would be difficult to find anywhere an investment which promises greater dividends in termR of a better Christian womanhood and purer homes than this inyestment for the Christian education for women leaders of Japan. In the Tokyo Imperial University the student body represents bright and ambitious young women who are destined to be the lead- {'l'S of tomorrow in all walks of life open to women. As a large percentage of them are earnest Christians they represent in a large measnre the hope of Christianity in Japan.

The Woman's Christian College of Japan (Tokyo Joshi Daigaku) isa Union Missionary InstitlJ,tion founded in April, 1918. Its first class opened with an enrolment of 84 students; and the second year enrolment was 153, with 124 other students attending a few lectures each week. The college admits gra!fuates from the J;~ive Year Girls' High Schools to its one year preparatory course. It offers five courses extending over a period of three years, and students who have finished one of these courses may be admitted to the two years' graduate course. The length of the entire course is therefore six years and takes a girl through her 17th year of education. The courses offered at present are five in number, viz.: Liberal Arts, English Language and Literature, Japanese Language and Literature, Social Service and Business. As soon as 786 THE PRESENT BUILJ;lING OF THE WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN COLLEGE. TOKYO the college is housed in permanent quarters it will offer courses also in Science, Ho~sehold Science, Music and probably in Kindergarten Training. The subject of education is given a large place in the curriculum and so a student may prepare herself for teaching in any of the above mentioned lines.

A striking feature of the college is the atmosphere of freedom and friendliness that binds teachers and students together. There is little of that stiff lecture system in ·which the professor does all the talking and the student simply takes notes as in preparation against the evil day of examinations. The students' are constantly urged to do their own thinking and to do much collateral 'reading: Tht) college has cut down the class room hours to 18 or 20 per week, whereas in many government schools for men they run as high as 30 or 32 a week.

Religion has not only a place in the curriculum but a live place in the various activities of the college. About 60% of the students are Christians, and the Social Service course ptomises to be the most popular. This course has already attracted the attention of the Government to such an extent that the Home Department is giving two scholarships of yen 300 each. This is, as far as We know, the only case in which the Impel'ial Government of Japan gives scholarships toa Christian· SC'hoot TheCollege' was founded and is maintained by the following

denominations: Baptist (North), Canadian Methodist, Disciples, Methodist Episcopal (North), Presbyterian (North), Reformed Church in America. The Congregational Church will also be represented in the College in the very near future and two or three others may join.

In America the interests of the college are promoted by a joint committee representing the cooperating denominations. In Japan there is a Board of Trustees consisting of missionaries and Japanese Christians. A Supporters' League has just been formed which consists of the following prominent Japanese: Viscount Koneko (Chairman), Baron Sakatoni, Baron Shikisawa, Baron Kanda, Baron Nakajima, Hon. S. Ebara, Member of the House of Peers; Mr. Inone, President of the Bank of Japan; Mr. Ono, Vice- :President Commercial Bank; Mr. Kushida of the Mitsubishi firm; Messrs. Fukui and Youeyoma of the big Mitsui Company, Mr. Kadono of the Okura Company, and Mr. Nagao of the Imperial Railroad Bureau.

The President of the College is Dr. lnazo Nitobe, one of Japan's leading educators and best known authors. He is also one of Japan's representatives on the secretariat of the League of Nations. The Dean is Miss Tetsu Yosui, an earnest Christian woman who stand in the very front rank of educators. The faculty is composed of excellent teachers, many of the lecturers being professors also. How much will it cost in lives and money to establish this new institution f The College already has attracted to itself a fine group of Christian women and men who are giving the best of their lives to its welfare. Already. the Christians of America are making some rather generous appropriations for carrying on its splendid work, but the institution is housed at present in small rented quarters. It needs an adequate equipment as the first thing. Twenty-three acres ·of land have been purchased at a cost of $135,000. The building program for the next five years calls for the erection of a chapel, library, academic hall, science hall, administrative building, gymnasium, eight dormitories, four residences and some smaller buildings. The CQst of these buildings will be approximately $350,000. Unless there is a drop in the cost of building materials it will not be possible to erect the proper sort of buildings for the amount mentioned.

But whatever the cost may be in lives and money it is plain fhat in the great task of winning Japan for Christ and the Christian way of doing things, an institution like this new college is really indispensable. It is the most effective way in which the Christian womanhood of America can help the womanhood of Japan to achieve all that is best and truest. None of the great problems which face Japan, such for example as the old social evil and the new industrial situation, which crushes its tens of thousands each

CHRISTIAN TRAINING FOR JAPANESE CHILDREN

year, can, hope to find a real solution without the leadership of educated Christian 'Women. The great problem of giving a nation true homes, and not mere houses, will depend for its solution upon Christian women. The standard of the civilization of any nation can be best measured by the place occupied by its women, for they determine largely the atmosphere of the home and so shape the ideals of the next generation. It may be true that women are the weaker sex, but after all the mother determines largely what sort of a man her son will be; and therefore the surest way and the shortest cut to make over a nation is to make over its womanhood.

An institution, therefore, that has not only high educational stand- ards but that is permeated with lofty Christian ideals can not fail to be an immense factor in the rebirth of a great nation. '

A Christian Training for Japanese Children BY HORACE E. COLEMAN, TOKYO, JAPAN Field Secretary for Japan of the World's Sunday School Association T HE coming of the next World's Sunday School Convention to Tokyo will not only be a demonstration of Christianity to the Japanese but will bring to Japan the best opportunity she has ever had for the promotion of Bible study through the Sundayschool. Probably no other nation thinks more of her children than the Japanese, and with some training the young people of Japan make very good Sunday-school workers. You see children everywhere in Japan, and it seems as though we could have a Sunday-school in almost every block if only we had the workers.

The Christian Sunday-school is one of the best means of opening up a new district for evangelistic work, and a splendid way of gaining a vital touch with the homes. For this reason the Sunday-school and other activities for children are often the chief work in a new preaching place. In Kobe there is today a large independent church that has grown up entirely through the development of a little Sunday-school; and from the heginning has had no financial help from foreigners.

The Sunday-school too affords the' best opportunity to make use of volunteer workers. There is in Shikoku a crippled man who was saved from the verge of committing suicide, and has become an earnest Christian. Before he became a Christian, this man thought his life useless; now he is teaching the elements of the Gospel to four or five hundred children and older people every week through Sunday-schools that he sltarted and is carrying on through his own efforts.

The preparations for the World's Sunday School Convention in October has stimulated interest in Sunday-school work all over

BOYS IMITATING BUDI;>HIST FESTIVAI,S IN JAPAN Japan, and we hope that this convention will do much to break down prejudice, and to op~n the door for Sunday-school work. For this larger opportunity we have prepared a forward program to meet the need. This program calls for equipment for the Summer Training School at Karuizawa, enrolling on the average about one hundred earnest Sunday-school workers from all parts of Japan. A Japanese business man, not a Christian, has already given the land needed for a lecture hall and four dormitories. J;-'our new secretaries are also called for to take charge of special features of the work-one to develop the elementary department, and one man and one woman to work for the young people's department for boys and girls. A strong man is also required to devote his attention to the adult department and teacher training. With such additional secretaries we can train those who shall have charge of these departments in the Christian schools all over Japan, besides training men and women as teachers and officers in the Sunday schools of the country.

The World's Sunday School Convention in Tokyo will bring hundreds of delegates to Japan who 'will see the great opportunity and we are hoping and praying that their intelligent interest will make possible a great development of the work in the next few years.

CANTON RIVER FRON'!' AND rl'S BOAT

The Work of Canton Christian Collcg-e BY MAHLON H, DAY, NEW YORK CI'I'Y Home Secretary for Canton Christian College ·AN'I;ON is the metropolis of Kwangtung, a province with a population of thirty million people, and famous for its polit- Cical, commercial and industrial leadership. In education this province has been backward. With a population of eight or ten millions between the ages of six and twenty there are only about 210,000 pupils in primary schools. Canton Christian College, founded by Dr. A. P. Happel', of the American Presbyterian'Mission, is the. only school in K wangtung which is doing full College work.

Canton itself is a city of approximately two million people, and ·students come there not only from the province of which it is the capital but from other provinces, from the Straits Settlements, and even from Australia and New Zealand. When we consider the contiguous territory it is not too much to say that this college is in a position to serve the needs of 50 million people! one-eighth 791

of the entire population of China, and equal to nearly one-half that of the United States.

The opportunity of Canton Christian College is to be measured not simply by the numbers of the population but by the character of its students. One of the pro- fessors of Columbia University after a trip to the mission fields said, "Very few missionary c{)l- leges seemed to me to have the quality of students you are se- curing. An American, resident in North China for thirty years, writes: "The Cantonese among whom you are working are bright- tr and mentally more alert than any other section of the Chinese popUlation. They are now play- ing an important part in the mod- ernization of the country and are destiIl{ d to playa still larger part in the future." De. Henry li'owlcr who is familiar with all parts of China says, "The South- DR. A. P. HAPPER, ern student is proverbially in- Founder of Canton Christian College telligent and the College has choice material on which to WILLIAM HENRY GRANT work." These statements from S~cr~tary of Trustet:s of Canton Christian College men who are familiar with China give some idea of the quality of the students with whom the College works. To train such students is to affect the future of China and the world.

The first thing that marks Canton Christian College as an unusual institution is the rapidity of its growth. Its inception dates from 1884 when Dr. Andrew P. Happer received a petition signed by mon~ than four hundred leading Chinese asking that a Oollegl: be started at Call1ton. Little real progress was made however until 1904 when work was begun on the present site. fn

THE WORK OF CANTON CHRISTIAN COLLE:GE

February of that year four teachers, two of whom-C. K. Ed- munds,now president, and H. B. Graybill, now Professor of Education and Principal of the Middle School-are still with the College, came from Macao where the institution had moved on ac- count of the Boxer uprising, camped in a small house boat and surveyed the tract of land that had b~en seeured as a site for the College. In September of that year work was begun. In a re- port covering the fifteen years on the present location President Edmunds said, "Perhaps the most striking feature of the in- stitution since 1904 has been the rapidity of its growth. The campus has increased from thirty acres to over one hundred and thirty; two long wooden bunga- lows which provided shelter for the whole institution in the first years are now supplemented not only by a score of other tempor- DR. C. K. EDMUNDS, PRESIDENT ary buildings, many of which are Canton Christian Collere DR. WING ,(WONG CHUNG of brick, but by twenty-five per- Vice-President for Chin~se Affairs manell t fire-resisting and ant- proof buildings, with five more in course of construction. The stu- dent body has grown from sixty to six hundred and the staff from six Americans and six Chinese to thirty-one Americans, two Brit- ish, and fifty one Chillese (not counting wives who do not teach). The budget of current expenses has risen from twenty thom;and dollars (Hong-kong currency) to over two ·hundred thousand dol- lars annually."

Even these enthusiastic figures do not fully represent the pres- ent situation. Since that r eport was written several acres have been added to the campus, four other buildings have been COlli-

pleted, making thirty-four permanent buildings, which with the twenty temporary ones, make a total of fifty-four buildings. At the present time three staff residences and three village houses, two workmen's barracks, a student store, and a pier at the river front are in process of construction. The Chinese have contributed $50,000 toward a seventy-five thousand dollar secondary school building. The Silk 'Association of America has recently raised the money for a building for silk culture. The growth of the student body and staff is keeping pace with the growth in buildings.

The second thing that marks Canton Christian College as an unusual institution is its hold upon the Chinese. Even though the College has an American Board of Trustees it enjoys an increasing support from the Chinese. This is shown not only in their personal interest, in their willingness to send their sons and daughters to the College, but by their financial support. The. relationship between the College and the Chinese community is most cordial. q Ling Naam" is known far and wide among the Chinese. Leading Chinese, including officials, are frequent visitors. On the occasion of the recent anniversary there were forty-five hundred guests on the campus.

Many Americans seem to have the idea that education is being forced upon the Chinese and that in order to get them to attend a Christian school it is nec€ssary to offer the courses free. Nothing could be farther from the truth. Students at Canton Christian College pay tuition the equivalent of that paid by students in the best American colleges. The College received last year (1919- 1920) more than one hundred and fifty-six thousand dollars (Hongkong currency) in tuition and other fees from students, which is more than two-thirds of the entire running expense of the imrtitution.

But Chinese participation is not limited to student fees. They are contributing generously to the support of the institution. The Chinese gifts for the year 1918 amounted to $103,006, including $7,106 contributed by the Chinese in America. Of the permanent buildings the Chinese have given the five large dormitories, four of the elementary school buildings, the College infirmary, and the. guest house. Of the $162,000 to be spent for new buildings during 1920, $103,500 is from Chinese sources. We believe this record to be unique not only for China but for similar institutions on any mission field.

The third thing that characterizes Canton Christian College is its educational standards. Thirty-five years ago, when Canton Christian College was conceived, comparatively few believed in Missionary Colleges. To be an advocate of this policy and to attempt to put it into practice required both faith andc6urage. THE ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, CANTON CHRISTIAN COLLEGE Canton Christian College was founded upon the idea that well educated Christian leaders are needed to help usher in the new day.

Believing in the educational method, Canton Chdstian College has insisted upon high educational standards. It has believed that the surest way to reach and hold the Chinese was by doing an honest piece of educational work. It has, therefore, insisted that a complete Elementary School course should precede entrance to the Secondary School, that only graduates of an accredited Secondary School should be allowed to enter the College without conditions, and that a full list of college students must be studied before degrees were granted.

By adopting this course Canton Christian College has been accredited by the Association of American Universities, so that its students can enter corresponding classes in the leading American colleges and its graduates can enter, without examination, the professional schools of American Universities. To do work of equal grade with colleges in America is not an easy task, and that it is being done in spite of all the difficulties is greatly to the credit of the institution. It is also one of the chief reasons for the faith which the Chinese have in the College. But above all, the policy has been approved by the spiritual results. The College believes that education is the surest guarantee of an intelligent faith, a sub- ~tantial Christian character, and a life of real usefulness. By this method it has been able to gain the confidence of the Chinese and thus to give Christianity standing and make all Christian work easier. As Bishop A. T. Howard, D. D., has said, "I appreciate fery much the extent and especially the quality of work being done 1n Canton Christian College. The college .is making a very great (lontribution to the uplift of all South China."

A fourth thing that marks Canton Christian College as an unrumal institution is the Christian spirit and work of the College. Some have reared that a college founded on a non-denominational basis might not .IPaintain its evangelical character. The fact is that the Christian atmosphere at the college is a most striking feature. pro Sherwood Eddy, on the occasion of his recent visit to China, paid glowing tribute to what Canton Christian College was doing religiously for its students. Rev. George H. McNeur, for twenty ~ears a missionary at Canton, said recently: "I have followed the history of Canton Christian College with increasing admiration, I like the splendid way in which the "Christian" in the name has been justified. I appreciate the way in which your council and faculty-both Chinese and foreign-have sought to make the College subservient to the building of a Christian Church in Kwangtung. "

The doors of the College are open to all students qualified by character and attainment to enter, irrespective of religious belief. Christian instruction, however, is a part of the regular curriculum in all grades; daily chapel and weekly Sunday-school and preaching services are held. Though comparatively few students are Christian when they come, at least ninety per cent of those who stay two years or more voluntarily become Christians. In recent years from seventy-five to one hundred students have each year made public profession of faith in Christ.

The Student Christian Association furnishes a channel through which the students give practical expression to their religious life. The students raise twenty-five hundred dollars each year. They carryon a school for farm children, a night school for workmen and· servants, and, under the direction of the girl students of the College, four village girls' schools. In these extension schools there are 250 pupils. They have a Sunday-school for each of these groups. In addition they maintain a room in one of the villages which is run as a social center. Preaching bands go out each SUhday. Last summer the students had a leading part in the Daily Vacation Bible School Movement which has just been launched at Canton, and which bids fair to be a large factor in that vicinity. I know of no American College where there is such a normal, wholesome religious atmosphere, where so large a propor-

THE WORK OF CANTON CHRISTIAN COLLEGE

STUDENTS OF THE DEPT. OF ARTS AND SCIENCES, CANTON CHRISTIAN <;:OLI.EGE tion of students are won to Christ, or where the students them- selves are doing such practical and efficient Christian work.

Canton Christian College is an evangelical but a non-sectarian, Christian institution. It is org.!lnized under the laws of the State of New York ·and grants degrees by authority of the Board of Regents. Its affairs are managed hy an independent Board of Trustees with offices in New York City and by a Council on the field. The Board of Trustees and the Advisors of the. College are composed of a number of well-known men of various denomina- tions. The Baptist, Congregational, Episcopalian, Lutheran, Methodist, Presbyterian and United Brethren Churches and the Society of Friends are represented on the teaching' staff. '

Canton Christian College, being an . independent ,institution, is not financed by the denominational boards as such. The London Missionary Society maintains a man on the staffb'ut is the only Board that now has any financial responsibility in the work. The College is supported partly P..Y money received from tuitio:rt 'i~('ls, partly by gifts from the Chine,se all,d partly fr<?m fund$/~op- ,tributed, chiefly by Americans~iIiterested in ChrisWm educ'at'ionin China. The work : of,; the College: has appe~dedii!tx)': ·'111)) Aincreasing

constituency. Eight American colleges-:-Columbia, Kansas State, Pennsylv~nia, Penn State; University of Pittsburgh, Williams, Washington and Lee, and Vassar are helping to support representatives on the staff at Canton as their contribution to education in China.

. While Canton Christian College has had a wonderful growth it has not been able to keep pace with either the needs or the opportunities. Every availabl~ class room and laboratory is crowded.

China is the strategic mission field. No other country at the present time offers such large returns for the Kingdom of God. China can be made modern and Christian, and can become a great ;force for righteousness and for the peace of the world. Every Christian desire to spread Christian liberty and truth in the Far :East, evp.ry wish to secure the welfare of mankind, as well as every deRire to establish the Kingdom of Christ, all these motives urge upon Christians everywhere to help Canton Christian College in its great work for the redemption of China.

M0 ,..

.-I o~· AR~AS S~RV~D BY .THF; CHRISTIAN .COI,I,~GF;S It. CHINA

China's Need of

BY DR. CHENG CHING YI, SHANGHAI Secretary of the "China for Christ Movement"

I T WAS a challenge to faith when Morrison came to preach the Gospel to the people of this land over a century ago, when China was absolutely closed to the Christian religion and foreign intercourse. It was faith that encouraged that man of God to move forward in spite of untold opposition and difficulties.

That faith has honored God and, what is more, God has honored that faith tOO!

It is also a challenge to faith today, but in a larger measure, for us who are called of God to take part in the great divine task of leading men to Christ, when both the country and the hearts of the people are widely open to receive the glad tidings which the Christian messenger has to bring to them.

To neglect such a Divine call is a sin, and to shrink from such a great responsibility is unpatriotic on the part of subjects of the Kingdom of God.

Pardon me for putting it so bluntly. I am convinced that this is a time of times; this is the day of the Lord; and the doors of opportunity are clearly maJ;ked with the word" PUSH!"

Dr. Eddy was right when he said, during his recent visit to China, that "politically China has never been so dark as it is today, but spiritually never so bright."

In speaking of the Christian opportunity in China we are not unconscious of the difficulties and drawbacks and even the dangers that confront the infant Christian Church in this country; how largely the Church is still dependent upon foreign friends for financial support; how meagre is our Church leadership; what inadequate provision we have for training men and women for the work (jf the ministry; how pathetic it is that at least half of our Christians cannot have direct access to the Word of God because of their inability to read; how little we really know of the deep things of God; how small is still the influence of the Christian Church upon society and the nation; and how few are definitely and constantly serving the Lord and their fellow men with a pure motive, an unselfish aim and a sacrificial spirit. For all these shortcomings we bow our heads before the Lord with true humility and deep sorrow.

At the same time we cannot close our eyes to the fact that the Church is facing today an unparalleled opportunity such as it has •At the China·for·Christ Conference recently held in Shanghai, more than a hundred missionaries and Chinese Christian. launched the China·for·Christ movement. Dr. ChenK Chin.. YI, Secretar,. of the China Continuation C()mmitteo;.. struck the keynote in a &'Teat speech which Ihould be re.d ear… fully by every Christian. Dr. .-hen.. was later selected as ..eneral .ecretlLr7 of the Chin.·f….. Christ movement.

never had before-certainly not in the time of the opening of the ports for commercial intercourse with foreign nations j nor in the time of the formation of the Republic which has so recently taken place.

Why is the Christian Church in need of such a movement at the present time?

,/First, because there is an unusual willingness on the part of the more enlightened classes outside of the Christian Church to study and investigate Christian truth. Many have realized that the nation is desperately in need of help and guidance which can be supplied by Christianity alone. There is hope in Christianity because it has a living Lord, Jesus Christ.

Many men of education are coming to the Christian Church to study the Word of God, and are even willing to identify themselves with the Christian Church. Man after man who used to despise Christianity and would not even glance at its printed pages is now coming to regard it as the hope for China.

On the one hand you have those deeply interested in Christianity, who entertain large hopes in Christ for the saving of the nation, while on the other there are loud voices of protest against the Divine Son of God. It means-at least so it seems to me-two things.

In the first place, it shows the restlessness and discontent of men's souls; longing for something, or someone, that can put China's house in order. In the second place, it shows that the influence of Christianity is being felt and recognized by men who have the love of their country at heart.

The second reason why we need a great forward movement is because there is a readiness for action, for service, and even for sacrifice, within the Christian Church today.

One may safely say that the Chinese Christians have never been so willing and ready to take part in the divine task of serving their fellowmen and of extending the Kingdom of God on earth.

(1) Whatever form this work may take it must certainly be a spiritual movement.

Deep down in the hearts of men the greatest need is a spiritual one. Many methods have been tried to satisfy that need and have failed. The Christian Church is essentially a spiritual institution. Every activity of the Church should be the expression of its spiritual nature and such alone can satisfy the deepest need of the world today.

(2) Next in importance is that whatever form it may take the movement should be launched at once. We are facing an unusual opportunity"that demands prompt action. "Strike while the iron is hot" shciuld be applied to the present situation.

CHINA'S NEED OF CHRIST

DR. CHENG CHING·YI Secretary j)f China Continuation Committee and Leader of "China for" Christ Movement"

We cannot afford to lose time, or be absorbed in non-essential things. Things are moving rapidly and they call for an immediate movement on the part of all the Christian forces in China.

(3) In the next place it is essential that whatever form this movement may take it should be a movelllentthat is capable of being carried through. I mean b)' that, that whatever form it may take iT should certainly not be a mere paper scheme, ot empty talk~ which does not lead us very far. . ' . '. '. ' . ' . . . ' (4) Whatever formihe moven)~mF'may)'tak~ it'should' be a

Chinese movement; a movement that aims at the developing of the Chinese Church. " ""

Foreign missions in China are the scaffolding and the Church the permanent building itself. It is not a day too soon to begin to lay more emphasis on the strengthening of the Church, so that in all our policy and· work it shall be Church-centric rather than mission-centric.

What then are some of the urgent and concrete things which should be taken up by the Christian Church in such a forward movement?

There is the appalling fact that at least half of the members of the Christian Church in China today cannot get direct access to the Word of God, not because of unwillingness but because of ina- bility. The Bible is not an open book to them because of illiteracy.

What a hindrance to progress and advancement in one's spiritual life!

Furthermore the question of illiteracy is not merely a Church question j it is a question of the nation as well. It thrills one's imagination with joy to think what a great object-lesson it would be to the whole nation if the Christian Church can, after a given period of time, declare to the non-Christian world that all of the 400,000 Christians in China can read and write!

We value highly the generous and sacrificial spirit of our friends abroad in thus trying to help the work in our country. We need all the money and men they have asked for and a good deal more, but on one condition, and that is that we should at the same time make the spiritual life of the Chinese Church rise to the occasion that will put her in a position to meet the unusual situa- tion.

We can readily see what a power for good such gifts will mean to us, yet at the same time" we must, as soon as possible, realize our .own obligation and shoulder our own responsibility according to the light that has come to us from above.

Again we are facing the important question of securing men and women of the right type for the Christian ministry. What can be done in this matter more than has already been done1 Let us mention a few of our needs at the present time in this direction. The securing of more men and women for direct evange- listic work is our first need j the securing of men and women of the right type who are willing to put themselves either upon the field for service, or the altar for sacrifice, is our second need; the pro- viding of efficient institutions for such purposes is our third need; the safeguarding of the integrity pi the Word of God is our :fourth need. How to meet these needs is a problem that requires careful consideration. Then there is the ever abiding prineip~ of the Christian

Church rea<;hing out to those in the regions beyond. The growth of the Church is measured by its missionary spirit and a<;tivity. The Christian must come out of the narrow and somewhat selfish con- ception of caring only for the Church with which he or she is con- nected.

If reference here is only made to the work of the Yunnan Mis- sion it is simply because this is better known to the present speaker.

Similar incidents can no doubt be cited in connection with the work of other home mission movements.

Since the commencement of the Yunnan Mission, a year ago, the Christians of many provinces have taken a very keen interest in it, and even friends abroad have shown their interest in the wGrk by rendering practical help to the movement. About $10,000 has been given to the work, nearly all of which came from Chinese sources.

There is also the great realm of Christian work on social and moral welfare questions. What does Christian citizenship mean 1 What is the contribution of Christianity to the social and moral welfare of the people T Where does the Christian Church stand in relation to social principles 1 What should be the voice of the Christian Church in regard to social sins 1 What remedies has it to offerT What obligations have we, as Christians, in the better- ment of the social life of our people 1 Are we prepared to uphold the truth, attack the evil, and up-lift the down trodden 1 What are our limitations and what are our possibilities 1 * • * * ~ The whole of the Christian propaganda is the greatest ad- venture in the world.

Are we bold enough to face the difficult situation? Under such circumstances are we daring enough to capture the unparalleled opportunity in taking China for Christ? Are we brave enough to tackle the humanly speaking impossible task, relying on the assur- ance that there is nothing impossible with God? Are we determined to act in accordance with the times and do our utmost to win China for the Lord 1 My heart is burning within me. The thought of a failure on our part to rise to the occasion for a forward, immediate, nation- wide, spiritual movement makes me shudder.

Look wherever you like, such a definite step must be taken.

Look at the compassionate Lord on high; look at the opposing forces below; look at the needs of our fellow men around us; and look at the personal obligation within us, and there seems to be no way out of it. We are in it, all of us, and no backing out is pos- sible. Let us rise up to the call and, in the power of the Lord of Hosts, attempt the impossible thing, seeing, in the near future; Christ for China and China for Ohrist.

Soul of the

BY BISHOP HUGH L. BURLESON, SOUTH DAKOTA Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church for South Dakota I T IS a very audacious white man who attempts to speak about the soul of the Indian, and yet perhaps after thirty years in more or less close contact with Indian life-because my father wa,s a missionary on an Indian reservation, and it is almost thirty years ago that I was adopted into an Indian tribe, and I have two Indian' names, and am the bishop of more Indians than all the other bishops of the Episcopal Church put together-because of these things I may feel privileged, perhaps, to delve into the habit, life and thought of the first Americans.

Most of us realize how prone we are to judge other people by our own background and our own framework. I believe therein lies the failure of a good deal of our missionary work. W'e are condescending to people; we are passing them something from a superior height; we who know so much, and are so much, and have so much, are handing it down to somebody less fortunate. All that may be true, but the trouble is that we want to hand down not only the facts, but our interpretation of the facts. We want people not only to take Christianity, but to take the same brand, color, kind and complexion that we have ourselves discovered; and if they fail, we feel there must be something wrong with them. We have tried by governmental processeS' t,o make just a fair average white man out of the Indian. We have not succeeded, I am glad to say, and I hope we never shall, because to try to make a white man out of an Indian is to spoil a perfectly good Indian without making a very satisfactory white man. The same situation exists with regard to the Negro. In other words, we have our own racial way of understanding things, and we must remember, when we are thinking of other races, to think of them in terms of their own surroundings, their own experience and their own ideals of life. The misunderstandings between the Go'Vernment and Indian peoples, the misunderstandings between the Indian peoples and their white neighbors, have largely been a matter of this lack of orientation, this inability to know 'what the other man is thinking about, and why he thinks· as he: ,does. Back of the' things that seem unintelligible to'us, there is' in the Indian a different quality of soul, aoifferent.rattitude toward 'life, ;a differing coricept of things.

When I·· became 18;' Secretary of our Board of Missions, one of set ;he first thing~d had to do was to go' oveir OUr lantern slides, which were sent out free,'rimd iI tackled the on the Indians: ,jOf course it began with a picture of a! war dance':";";"a very poor picture of' a 804 very impossible W8:r dance, but it served the purpose of opening up the subject-and then pretty soon it passed to another picture; two pictures on the same slide, with the legend" before and after." One was the Indian before Christianity had touched him and the other after the light had reached him. The picture representing the Indian before Christianity showed a tepee out on the Dakota prairies, with an Indian squaw splitting wood near the door of the tepee, while in the background an Indian sat smoking his pipe. The after-Christianity view was a picture of an Indian family crossing a river, the woman sitting in the stern of the boat, the man pulling the oars. That was the effect of Christianity upon Indian life! It made the man get up, lay down his pipe and row his wife across the river! I broke that slide, then and there. In the first place, it was pitiful comparison even if true-and it was not true. It was based entirely on our conception of a division of domestic service-the kind of thing a man ought to do, and the sort of thing that seems a woman's task. It had nothing whatever to do with the Christian faith. It would be just as sensible to show an Irishman smoking his pipe in the kitchen while his wife washed the dishes. In the Indian conception of life there is no more reason for the first than for the second. It is merely a question of customs and conventions. It is through that kind of picture and that sort of background that we have interpreted the soul of the Indian. So many times we have taken some little, inconspicuous, unnecessary thing, that was not related to the real, deep questions involved, and have' made it the basis upon which we judge a whole race. Or we have taken something which to us meant one thing and to the Indian another, and have based our judgment on that.

In the soul of the Indian, as I have seen it-and some of them have let me look,-I find qualities which aTe at first sight surprising.

First, I believe the Indian is far more naturally religious than the white man. I think the Almighty God has His hardest job with the Anglo-Saxon race. It is awfully hard for us to be really religious. It is hard to be a Christian in New York. It is hard anywhere. Yet one reason why the Indian is a naturally religious person is because he does not live in New York. He is out on the plains, living the life of the open, the life of God's big world, under the free sky and on' the broad prairie; and it is so much easier to believe in God when you are in His home than when you are separated from Him by scores of secondary causes. It is a great deal easier to believe in the cow when you see her milked than if you get your milk from the milkman. We are living in a wilderness of brick and mortar, and in the midst of a mass of machinery set up to make life good. The Indian is nearer the deep springs. of life, and he realizes that back of them are eternal purposes and

eternal love; And so perhaps it is not because he is of a different nature that he is naturally religious, but· because he has the simpler surroundings which we cannot have. Yet I think that there is an instinctive spirit of religion in the Indian people. I have never seen an Indian who was not a believer in God. Yet we think of going to the Indian as a heathen race. They have had God always, in their daily life. The God they believed in was the Great Spirit. When the Indian went out of the door of his tepee in the morning, he said his prayer to the Spirit who sent the sun; when he smoked his pipe he raised it to the four quarters of the globe and murmured a prayer to the Spirit who sent him the good things of life. Most of the Indian dances that we talk about had a religious significance. Religion went along with the experiences of his life. God was near by. So the first thing I find in the soul of the Indian is a very simple disposition to believe in God, to accept the concept of the spiritual back of the material.

Then, perhaps because of that, perhaps as a part of it, the next thing in the Indian soul that I see is sensibility-a keen quickness of perception of the relations and the portent of things. People think that an Indian is stolid and stupid; that he does not smile, and cannot laugh, and does not discriminate. It is Anglo- Saxon dullness and stupidity that makes us believe that. I am constantly impressed with the thought that they must be laughing at us for understanding them so little. You know how you thought about an Indian in the days when you read the United States history. The Indian was, to you, a sort of tiger, a person of tremendous, tireless patience and relentless cruelty; a beast of prey, not a human being. I remember, as I read the stories of him, how I admired him, as I would some stealthy panther; a splendid thing, but an inhuman thing. Well, the Indian conducted warfare according to his fashion, but I had a letter from one of our Sioux boys, one of a fine group of Indians, who had gone over with the army to France, and he gave a suggestive comment on modern warfare. He said: "I try to do everything they tell me, but some of it seems awful bloodthirsty!" The Indians volunteered far more generously and promptly than the white boys. Not a single district that included an Indian reservation in South Dakota had to resort to the draft, because the Indian boys volunteered so promptly. The first soldier of South Dakota to receive a decoration in France was Chauncey Eagle-Horn, who afterwards gave his life for his country and lies under one of those wooden crosses in France. He was a son of men who fought against our own flag under Red Cloud and Sitting Bull.

Yet, we have thought of the Indian as a stupid, a stolid, an inhuman thing. The Indian in warfare was only trying to defend himself. Put yourself in his place. Think what your soul would

",. THE SOUL OF THE INDlAN 1IJJ1

have been under the same circumstances. We thought of him as a dull person, of small understanding, when all the- time we have been dull ourselves. The Indian's problem is you and me. He can be whatever you and I think he can be. His capacities are fine, but they do not find an outlet unless we believe in him.

Remember what we have done to him in S()merespects. There is the matter of our translation of his language. Some instances of our interpretation of his names will point a moral.. How about, "Young-Man-Afraid-of-His-Horse1" There is stupidity, not in the man who chose the name, but in the white man who made the translation. This was a young warrior of such valor and dauntlessness that the enemy was afraid, not only of him, but even of his horse when it appeared on the horizon. There is some sense in that. Yet the white man called him "Young-Man-Afraid-of-His-Horse."

Another example: A Chippewa chief lies buried on a reservation in Minnesota, and the stone over his grave bears the name "Hole-in-the-Day." Silly, absolutely.siUyl Again the misunder* standing white man. "Hole-in-the-Day" was the son of a young Chippewa chief who started on the warpath against my people, the Dakotas. He had been married but a few months to his young bride and he wished to make a splendid record as a leader. It was the first time he had led the war party, and he led with courage and strategy, but adventured himself so bravely, that the whole party came back victorious but brought their dead chief with them. Shortly afterward the son was born, and his mourning mother called him, "Rift-in-the-Cloud." It is a picture-name. A long dark day of cloud and rain, and shadow and sobbing trees i then, just as the sun sets, its rays break through a rift in the cloud and shine out across the plain. The little lad was a rift in the cloud of her sorrow and we called him "Hole-in-the-Day." And when he was dead, we put a two-ton monument on him and wrote '"' Hole-in-the- Day" on that. Such is our white stupidity.

Thirty years ago my father Was a missionary on the Oneida reservation. I had a little sister, whose blue eyes and golden hair and sunny, sweet disposition completely won the hearts of the Indians. They gave her the name of Gajajawox. I tried to find out what it meant, but the old Indian smiled and shook his head, and said "No put in white man talk." The words did not fit, you see. Again it was a picture. We do not call things by pictures, we call them by names of so many letters. We have a very stiff and definite way of calling things, but the Indian draws a picture for a name. The picture they thought of in connection with my little sister was this: the wind blowing over a field of flowers and bringing you the perfume as it came-the perfume of flowers borne on the summer breeze. Well, we would not have thought of a name like that and the white man, if she had been an Indian maiden1

would have called her, "Smell-on-the-Breeze!" It is impossible for us to give an accurate interpretation of that Mohawk name, and we are unable to get at the sensibilities, and the artistic touch, and the conceptions of beauty and of order that lie in the soul of the Indian. But let us believe in these things, for they are there.

The next thing which I find in the soul of the Indian is some- tbing which we are trying to recognize and minister to, but which we should ha.ve recognized sooner. Deep down in the soul of the Indian, as in the white man, there is a real ambition, a desire for leadership, a wish to do and to accomplish. In many ways still it is the undeveloped desire of a child, and he does not know just what it is he longs for, but the Indian wants to lead, and we have not been quick enough in giving him leadership. That, perhaps, is one of our common failures in missionary policy among foreign people. For the Indian problem is a foreign problem, and labor in the Dakotas is a good preparation for work in China or Japan. We have hrsitated to give responsibility. We have felt that the white man must hold things in his own hands. We have not been willing to trust God with the souls of other people. We have wanted to keep a little hold on them ourselves. We were not quite confident that the riches of the Gospel could be trusted with these people unless we WfTe nearby to help them understand. Yet they will get a different message from ours. God never speaks in the same terms to two human souls, nor to two different races. We must not be afraid to develop their sense of leadership.

I am thankful that I have inherited the wise leadership of a great man. I am a small person standing in the light of a great name. William Herbert Hare was the first bishop of South Dakota and the greatest friend of the Indian in the middle West. He had two convictions with which he began his work, and which he felt were absolutely necessary to success. The first was of the necessity of education. He founded schools, and the most helpful Indian men and women that I have today were educated in these early mission schools of Bishop Hare. Secondly, he believed that you cannot fully and permanently evangelize a people except through men of their own race; you cannot hand down religion as we have sometimes done, saying: "I am the man between these peoples and God." We must introduce Jesus Christ to his own, and let His Spirit work in them. Yet we have feared to trust the fidelity and intelligence of these people, and have not utilized the Indian c:::pacity for leadership. One present and immediate need is to develop leadership among the young people. The desire is there, the ahility is there; it must be trained and carefully handled, but it can he developed. There are twenty-two Indian priests and deacons in South Dakota, and seventy men who serve in a lay ministry. Three- fourths of the services held in our ninety chapels are conducted by

THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN

laymen. What would happen if we were to ask our laymen in the white field to render such service. The Indian is naturally religious, he does not think it remarkable to talk about religion, he discusses it as he would his crops. One is as real to him as the other, and as important. Yet we find it so hard to talk about these things naturally. An Indian man will stand up and make an address with all the simplicity and dignity and directness that you can imagine. He may be totally uneducated, but he can tell you in an effective way what religion means to him. So leadership is possible among the Indians and leadership in religion is already developed.

And then, down in the soul of the Indian, besides these things, I think there is the ability to stand fast; the integrity, the fundamental something that lies at the roots of a race which can be trusted; that something in human character to which you pin your faith. It is in the Indan people. It shows in their self-respect, in their dignity of procedure, in their courtesy towards others. I am sometimes a little ashamed of the attitude of white men toward Indians, in contrast with the courtesy of the Indians toward th('ir white guests. I take people out occasionally to see my Dakotas. They are good people, Christian people, and yet one could see they felt as though they were going to a circus to see the animals. But did my Indian people fail to show courtesy and dignity and respect to them ~ Not at all. These things are fundamental in the Indian character. You never saw an Indian who was knowingly grotesque, or absurd, or foolish, or lacking in self-respect.

In the soul of the Indian are deep principles of character, tremendous possibilities of life and service that very few of us understand because we have approached life from a different angle. '1'he angle is this: The Indian is a natural communist. By which I mean that the Indian thinks in terms of his group. The ,,,hite man always thinks of himself first and his group last. We approach things from the view-point of the individual. The Indian's point of view is that of the group; his relation to and his responsibilty for the group. He thinks in group terms. He has a socialized concept of life. Society has been a definite thing to which he was responsible. The family life and the tribe have an immediate bearing upon all his actions.

Many of the things that we cannot understand are explained by this truth. The only missionary of the Episcopal Church in South Dakota ever killed by Indians was a white priest. He was shot by two Indians who had never seen him before, and to whom he had done no wrong. Apparently an utterly criminal murdersimply the bloodthirsty desire to kill! What other explanation could there be 1 So the white man writes the histories, and this is the answer he gives. Nobody excuses that act. But it was COIll-

mitted by two Indian men who had received a very terrible wrong at the hands of a white man. In their rebellion of soul they swore that when they got out of jail, where the white man had finally landed them, they would kill the first white man they met. Was a there no excuse for them 7 None, except that back irt their con- sciousness was a sense of the responsibility of group for the actions of the individuals who compose it.. They held the white group responsible for the white man's sin. That was a part of their past history. They were unjustified, of course, but back of their act was a deep-rooted sense of justice,-perverted, mistaken, but growing out of a communal sense of society's responsibility for those who compose it. They viewed the matter from a side exactly opposite to ours. They had no quarrel with the individual, they simply believed they were avenging a wrong that had been done to them by white men. Just bear that in mind in your judgments of the Indian peoples. Remember that we are approaching the problems of life from the opposite angle, and that a great many of the things which to us appear strange and unaccountable and wrongside-out, may be explained if you will remember that the Indian is the product of a communized social order, and we are the product of an individualized social order.

Take the thriftlessness in the old days. Then a man would go out, be successful in his hunting, and eat up what he had killed all in one day. Wastefulness we call it; and in a way that is true. But the point was this: he brought in his deer or his buffalo, took what was necessary for his family, and then anybody in the group could come and take what he needed. The hunter did not feel that success had come to him and to him alone. He did not say, "Go to, I must store this up for my owp family in the days to come. " He held that he had had success for the sake of the group, and that it was theirs as much as it was his.

Of course, the Indian must learn some new viewpoints if he is going to compete with the white man in civilized life. He must be able to meet the white man on his own ground. But it is hard to make an Indian believe that mere possession of a thing constitutes an absolute ownership, if someone needs it more than he-and I do not know but that he is right.. Indeed, I hope we are in the way of re-adjusting some of our ideas of society and of economics a little more to the vision of the i30ql of my brother, the Indian.

A GROUP OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS AND A

Korean Christians in Advefsity* BY REV. SAMUEL A. MOFFETT, D. D., PYENG YANG, KOREA The phenomenally rapid spread and development of Christianity in Korea might easily suggest a "mushroom" growth that was neither solid nor permanent. Mass movements are always liable to suspicion, a suspicion, by the way, which is no monopoly of the people in the home lands. Indeed, it is this suspicion that has made missionaries exercise the greatest caution in regard to the baptizing of professing believers. We need not be ashamed of the product of our thirty-five years' work of Christian Missions in Korea, in quality any more than in numbers.

The Korean Church has always been composed of Bible-reading and praying Christians, but the real test of allegiance and fidelity is shown only by the amount one will suffer and sacrifice for a person or cause, and the difficulties one will overcome to practice a principle or belief.

Among the political prisoners now confined in various places in Korea are many Christians. Although some of these Christians are officers of the church, ranking all the way from ordained pastors down to a leader of a small group, yet there are enough other Christians among them to justify the statement that they constitute a fairly representative body of Christians as they are found in the thirteen provinces of the peninsula. These imprisoned men, far from denying their Lord, seem rather to have their ·Condensed from "The KDrea Mission Field.'· 811

spiritual lives deepened and their zeal quickened with every trial and difficulty borne. They have sung and prayed in prison, individually or in groups, silently or audibly, with or without hymn-books and Bibles according to the will of the officers in charge of the particular prisons. Prayer, however conducted, is a great comfort and strength to the men. The "Communion of Saints" is a reality to these men in prison; the spiritual communion in prayer with Christ uniting them in spiritual bonds with all Christians in Korea and throughout the world.

In some of the prisons regular organized Bible-study classes are conducted having a leader (often a pastor or elder. well fitted to instruct), an outlined course of study, and a scheduled time for study and prayer. Though the men cannot assemble for this class, they learn much and derive much good from knowing that they are doing the same thing at the same time. How do they get information to each other? How did the prisonen in the Leavenworth prison communicate with one another before the strike? There seems to be a way where there is a will.

In one prison, by permission of the Japanese officers, over one hundred men have Bible study and prayer each day under the leadership of a pastor. In another prison, some two hlndred prisoners have prayer together, even the non-Christians joining reverently with the others at the hour of daily prayer. Reports of conversions are frequent.

Perhaps the most remarkable periods of worship are the inaudible praise services held in prisons where any other kind are impossible. A hymn is selected and all sing in unison, but not a sound goes forth, only the ear of the Lord hears the praise as it ascends from reverent hearts in the prison cells.

The significance of this praying of the Christians is not alone in the fact that they pray-the way they pray is of still greater importance. Theirs is no mere "saying of prayers." It is real wrestling with God; importunate pleading that works effectually irl God's universe. It is reported that when the men are holding silent prayer, on several occasions the intercessors have been so far carried away by their zeal and earnestness as actually to forget where they were and the necessity for praying silently, and burst forth into audible petition and praise. They were not long in discovering their mistake, but the fact that they can forget, when the consequences are likely to be anything but pleasant, shows how these men really commune in heavenly places in the spirit, if not in the flesh. The personal testimony of one of these men describes his experience during devotion in one of the prisons where groups were permitted to have audible prayer: "They seem as if they had been with God. The prayer of one of them during an early morning hour took us into the very presence of God and kept us there. All day long we experienced no hunger for food of any sort, save that which was furnished us through prayer."

When one hears and knows of the sacrifice these men have to make for the privilege of prayer and fellowship with God, he is ashamed of his own religious "ease in Zion." He no longer asks whether others are Christians, but wonders whether if he were in prison, he too like Paul and Silas would be '3inging psalms unto God at the dreary midnight hour. He also wonders whether the day of God's earthquakes is past forever.

@ @ ~…..,B….Eua S. T aM. ET~HO…..D..w.S''''_ . ,~

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK MISSIONS IN THE HOME The great conventions, the training schools, the chairs of mis- sions in universities~1 these are the superstructure. Foundation stones are laid in the missionary influence and t.raining of the home. True it is that there are some striking stories of late conversion, but a large per ceDJt of the heroes and heroines of missions can scarcely tell when their missionary interest began. It grew simply and naturally as a part. of their daily home training.

At the 1920 meeting of the International Missionary Union at Clifton Springs it was found that nearly one third of the one hundred and ten missionaries present made their decision for mis- sionary service because of home influence.

MISSIONS NOT AN ELEarIVE bandits were ever more eager to capture a missionary alive than is There has been an inclination in Mr. Blank" said a pastor who was many homes to treat missions as an arranging for the entertainment of a optional attachment to Christianity visiting missionary. Other member~ with connections to be established of the official Board had politely only on Sundays, or even on annual stated various reasons for exempor quarterly Sundays. tion when the pastor called for a host to take the visitor home. A principal of one of the large schools in a Pennsylvania city re- "Put him at a hotel. It's much cently made a word test on "mis- more pleasant for him anyway," said sionary." The answers of her one deacon. juniors are indicative of a somewhat general impression. One wrote: "I know that's easier on the mis- "Missionary is a place where women sionary," said Mr. Blank, "than to go." The definition of another was have my quartet climbing around "A basket they pass around in over him and leading him all over church." the. house, but think of me. Why, I'd rather entertain a missionary The missionary spmt is not an than the King of Spain. I am not external attachment but an inward caring to have any of my boys dream development,-anattitude of life. of castles or kings in Spain, but I The home is the center of largest care tremendously that they shall possibility in training boys and girls have missionary ideals before them. who will be "missionary" not only That agricultural missionary I had on Sundays but every day of their over last year completely captivated lives, not only if they should go to my eldest, and the youngest sat en- Africa or Tibet, but as they live each tranced on the lap of the medical day in their homes and in their missionary we had in the fall, while schools. A home that is missionary he told him all about his hospital in all its relationships exerts an in- in China. My boys are getting a fluence that reaches to the ends oi real conception of what missionaries the earth. are doing in the world's work."

Taking missionaries alive. "No 813

The famous mIssIOnary bishop~ . tains the following sets of pictures.

Coleridge Patteson, counted as one Stories tq be. told as pictures aceom- of the strongest influences of his paning each set are shown: life the delegate whom his mother, African Picture Stories Lady Patteson, entertained in her China Picture Stories home. With his arm around "Coley" Helper Picture Stories Bishop Selwyn told the lad stories and talked with him during those Immigration Picture Stories days in a way which Patteson, as a Italian Picture Stories Little Neigbors Picture Story Set Near East Picture Stories lad and later as a bishop, never Mothers whr are looking for bed- forgot. time stories for little folks will find For guests under sixteen. Why some interesting suggestions in this do we have all our receptions for series.

older folks? When you have a mis- 4. Picture album possibilities.

sionaryas a guest in your home, give Time-Sunday afternoons, rainy a reception to the children of the days, or any other days on which community. With decorations and boys and girls are looking for some- refreshments typical of the country thing to do, and mothers are looking from which .the guest comes, and . for pleasant and painless methods of possibly some children in costume to teaching missionary lessons.

assist in receiving and in enterta.ining; Place-Any pleasant nook or cor- with stories tol<;l by the missionary, ner indoors or out in which a table and games of other lands played, a and the requisite number of chairs most delightful occasion is assured. maybe-°placea. .

Guests from many Nations. One Materials-Ordinary kodak albums mother, who is eager that her chil- which may be bought at ten and dren should have a circle of world twenty-five-cent stores or book stores.

friendships, carefully plans to enter- If these are not available, cut plain, tain in her home, guests of different smooth wrapping paper in sheets of nationalities. To the many foreign any desired size. Make a cover of students as weJI as to foreigners who cardboard and fasten together loosely are not students, American hospital- with a shoestring. On the cover ity may be made most welcome while page paste or draw letters giving at the same time our American young title, with some attractive picture.

people may be given an oppottunity On inside sheets paste pictures from really to know some of the strangers magazines or Picture Sheet Series.

who are in our midst. For fifteen cents each, this series gives picture sheets on the following Using pictures at home subjects: .

1. Add to the pictures on the Africa Bible walls some of the good missionary Alaskans pictures now available. An inter- Armenians and Syrians esting touch may be added by draping pictures with flag of country Child Life of the World from which missionary came' and the Children of the City country to which he went. Chinese Boys and Girls Chinese Snapshots 2. Give to boys and girls small lJow We Are Clothed pictures of missionary heroes and How We Are Fed heroines which they can mount or How We Are Sheltered frame for their bedrooms. The How We Travel story of the missionary may be told Egypt and Modern Heroes of or read as the picture is given, so that the children may learn reaIly to Lands Boys and Girls of Bii)le Lands Italians Japanese Mexkans in the United States know each one. NOTE.-All of the pictures mentioned may be 3. The Picture. Story Series con- !!!ecured from denominational boaTds.

BEST METHODS

Orientals in America above, but additions should be made South America from time to time of pictures which Work Around the World the children collect from many sources. The frieze should grow 5. The pictures on these sheets from day to day rather than be may be made into most attractive completed immediately. charts to be presented to the Sunday School or Missionary Society. 9. Missionaries in many stations are asking for pictures of various 6. Post cards of scenes and people kinds. Some can use to good advanin mission lands may be obtained tage postcards that have been mailed from denominational mission boards. if they are pasted together back to They offer possibilities for post card back. Others want postcards with albums. Many homes have post card blank paper pasted over the address projectors and the boys and girls so they can print a verse in the take turns at being audience and native language on the blank. Still speaker as the post cards a!e pro- others would like to have cut-out jected on the wall.. A favonte pl~n pictures pasted on white sheets. is to give each chIld of the famlly Find out from your Board or from and, any guests who may be jnviteq, the Department for the Utilization a post card to study. Then a com- of Surplus Material of the World's posite lecture is delivered, each one Sunday School Association, (Metrotaking two minutes to explain the politan Tower, New York City) just card assigned. what the needs along this line are, and help your children and their 7. A number of homes have bal- friends to supply them. opticons or stereopticans which make possible many delightful missionary An International Cabinet evenings 'at home with pictures. The various denominational and in- "Never," said a well-known misterdenominational agencies- rent sets ~ionary leader, "shall I forget the of slides, the rentals ranging from thrill attending the ceremony of the fifty cents to tw.o dollars. The mak- opening of mother's trunk. This ing of slides is an art of never- was no ordinary trunk. As I saw ending fascination to young people it in later years divested of its of artistic tendencies. magic contents I could scarcely be- lieve even then that it was made of During the war days Mr. A. K. ordinary wood and metal bands. Gould tried a clever plan for show- As we children knew it, it was a ing stereopticon pictures to soldiers marvelous treasure – house around who had to lie flat on their backs; which we gathered, wide-eyed and by turning his machine on end he expectant, as mother again and again projected the pictures on the ceiling, drew froin its depths wonderful so they were perfectly clear to his treasures from lands afar." patients. For the folks who have stereopticons available for home or It is not difficult to have an interhospital use here is a delightful sug- national cabinet' for which members gestion for entertaining shut-ins. of the family may be collecting in- terestingand valuable additions, and 8. A Ohildren-of-All-Nations frieze around which never-to-be-forgotten may help j;o lay the foundations for stories will center. From Mission "the international mind." Children Boards, from stores, and from love to decorate their rooms. For friends of other lands, many things a' play room or' a bed room have illustrative of life and customs in them make an international frieze. tnission lands may be secured. Boys On a width of buff paper or cambric and girls are interested in collecting around the wall let them paste cut- stamps, coins and pictures from forout pictures of children of -various eign countries. It is easy now to get lands. A beginning may be made with the picture sheets ' mentioned

tiny flags of all nations, and an in- GAMES FOR SUNDAY AFTERNOONS ternational cabinet or museum in which all the family have part i~ a "How we used to love Sunday at possibility within reach. In its in- home" said a prominent missionary nermost recesses, to be opened on leader. "My mother had no books Sundays or reserved for other special on How to Make Home Pleasant, but occasions, may be some of the things in some way she always had some about which Mother or Father can special attraction for Sunday aftertell special stories. noon and, without being painfully conscious of the fact that we were Painless Missionary Instruction being made to do certain things and held back from doing certain other It is quite possible for boys and things, we memorized Bible verses, girls to learn lessons of World learned missionary facts, and stored Friendship while they play. A di- our minds with information that rerector of boys' work said recently mains with us until this day." that the only way he had been able to establish a real admiration and Here are some of the missionary friendship in the hearts of the boys games this leader suggests: of his city for the Chinese boys, was through a game. His boys were 1. Name the Missionary-Two tired of all the games he had taught captains choose their teams. The opthem. posing teams face each other seated in line. Each captain leads off by "Aw, think up a new one. We're giving the name of a missionary and tired of the same old games," said the country to which he or she went. one of them. Then the members of each team fol- Iowan. The first person who is "Ever play Skinning the Snake?" unable to give name and country of aoked the leader. a missionary not yet given has to go over to the other side. The game "Nope," respond2d the boy eagerly, continues until one side is broken up "let's have it." or until no one can name another missionary, in which case the side "It's a game the Chinese boys having the largest number at that invented," said the director. The time is declared winner. boy's interest lagged. 2. Find His Country-Every con- "Well, I guess there's nothing to testant is given an outline map of it then." the world. These may be made at home or bought from bookstores or "Try it and see," challenged the mission boards. When the maps director. "These Chinese fellows are in place on the tables or rugs discovered a number of interesting before the children, each one is given things along about the time our an- from twelve to twenty large pins to cestors were painted savages, eating which are attached little white paper their neighbors for pastime." flags. On each flag is printed the name of some missionary. The pur- Soon the boys were deep in the pose of the game is to place the flag intricacies of Skinning the Snake. on the country to which the mis- sionary went. All contestants must "Those Chinese chaps must have have the same mlsslOnaries. The some brains after all," they agreed one who places all correctly in the with enthusiasm. shortest time, wins.

That was the beginning of a recog- 3. Nlixed Sentences-Prepare as nition of China never before con- many sets of twelve sentences each ceded by that group of boys. The containing a definite piece of inforrecognition developed into a real mation about something some misfriendship for the Chinese boys. sionary said or did, or a fact about Mothers and teachers will get much * help from the book, Children at Play in Many Lands.

* Child,e" Haal llP, Iap"ric.e" M …." La..dl, b" KoI",.,.· ;ne Stanley ?5 centL

BEST METHODS

some mission field, as there are con- of different lands; Japanese houses testants. Write or print these on made of corrugated paper, while slips of paper or cardboard. Then branches with bits of pink and green cut them in two so that the subject paper fastened to them make beautiis separated from the predicate. ful cherry blossoms. An Eskimo Mix all the sentences of each set scene may be worked out with cottogether and give to each contestant ton for snow while the dogs may in a box. The one who first ar- be modeled from plasticene or from ranges the twelve sentences correctly the clay that may be near at hand. Almost every story that is told may is declared winner. be worked out by the children. 4. Who am I!'-Pin on the back JUDGED BY WHAT THEY READ of each contestant the name of some nllsslOnary. Contestants may ask "Show me what a man reads and questions of each other or of a group I can show you what manner of of "judges" who are seated around man he is," might be written prothe room, such as "To what country phetically, "Show me what a boy reads did I go?" "Am I stilI alive?" "What and I can forecast for you what mangreat work did I do ?" The first ner of man he will become." one who, from the answers given, guesses his own identity, sits down, Cyrus Hamlin, the great founder and so on in order until all discover of Robert' College, bore· testimony in his la:ter years to the fact that he who they are. thought he had dropped himself into 5. Dinner Guests-"I was in a the missionary contribution box the day his now world-famous seven home recently," 3aid a missionary, "in cents which he had intended to spend which at dinner each child imper- for gingerbread went into that box, sonated some missionary. Each one but he always added in telling the had been reading up on his mission- story that the two missionary magary and in the lively conversation azines on his mother's table were the told about 'my station' and 'my work' agencies through which he became with all the zest of the original." acquainted with the boys and girls of non-Christian lands. At another dinner party in a home in which there was a number of On the library table, or on the children, large and small, and sev- table in mother's room, or in the eral guests, each one dressed in children's room, let us place our costume of some mission land. There missionary magazines. was great interest and excitement in the study and research necessary David Livingstone was one of the to develop the costumes and learn many missionaries who attributed to something of the customs, and the the books he read at home a large result was a delightful evening. share in influencing his missionary determination. In those days it was A Back Yard Course-"Some of not easy to find interesting books for the richest memories of my life are young people. N ow we have a staged in our old back yard," said wealth of material. Among the a great missionary. "Then it was books for the younger children are: that we played all the stories we loved best from Robinson Crusoe to African Adventurers by Jean Kenyon David Livingstone." The back yard Mackenzie furnishes an excellent opportunity for impersonations and plays. The Americans All, by Augusta Huiell journeys and lives of various mis- Seaman sionaries can there be made very real to the children. Sand tables for the Frank Baba and the Forty Jungle little folks may be used either in- Brownies, by Lillian Roderick doors or out, clothes pins dressed in crepe paper may be made into people Friends of Ours, Elizabeth Colson The Honorable Crimson Tree, Anita B. Ferris Giovanni, Anita B. Ferris Stories of Brotherhood, Harold B.

Hunting this may include a single country or a continent, or it may be a trip Story d£ David Livingtsone, Vautier around the world. Very simple ac- Golding cessories may be made to serve the purpose, or they may be elaborate Livingstone Hero Stories, Susan Men- denhall Primary Stories, Margaret Applegarth Among the books that are sure to and include folders, time-tables, interest the boys and girls of the maps, and other paraphernalia of the intermediate grades are those of the traveler. To each pupil should be Pathfinder Series. issued a ticket, printed on colored Brother Van, Stella N. Brummit paper, to resemble a genuine railway Black Bearded Barbarian, Marian Keith ticket. In a large department these Livingstone the Pathfinder, Basil Mat- would be more easily obtained if printed; for smaller classes they hews could be typewritten. The following Making Life Count, Eugene C. Foster suggests a possible form; Martin of Mansfield, Margaret R See- back Uganda's White Man of Work, Sophia Lyon Fahs S. B. R. R. Winning the Oregon Country, John T. via Faris E. C. and H. F. Line (Story-book Reading Route vW For the young people in their later teens and early twenties have the Easy Chair and Horne Firebeen prepared: side Line.) Ann of Ava, Ethel Daniels Hubbard Comrades in Service, Margaret E. Bur- ton Good until ……………….. . Makers of South America, Margarette Conductors please punch at: Daniels South America- Masoud the Bedouin, Mrs. Alfreda Post The Land of the Golden Man * Carhart Men and Things, Henry A. Atkinson Ministers of Mercy, James H. Franklin Japan- The Moffats, Ethel Daniels Hubbard When I Was a Boy in Japan * Servants of the King, Robert E. Speer If it is not possible to add these books to the home library they may Tell Missionary Stories be secured through the city or Sunday-school library. If they are not The little folks who can not read among the books listed, sufficiently and some who can will iisten eagerly urgent and oft-repeated requests may to missionary stories which may be result in their being added. gleaned from any of the books named above, or from the Picture Since "internationalism" is a Story series or from the many books household word in this day, an In- now on sale at denominational headternational Reading Course may be quarters. Many wise mothers premade an interesting feature of the serve the stories they collect from home reading plans for this year. various sources in a loose leaf note Select books suitable for each mem- book with large rings. ber of the family-one in each of a give number of countries. Keep * The titles of the books may be varied to score of the progress in any way that ~~leingtd~du,r;ip~~e~ap~n anodt~~s~~r~is!dv~:lisi~~ will call forth most interest. Cer- the trip, folders giving attractive reviews of tain books may be designated to be the books, "time~tables" stating the time when read aloud. Miss Gertrude Hutton's plan for the Story Book Trip ~:~dr~~ b:~~ b:'iliiv;hreo~ ~~Og~~:S o~ndholdhe'!. is suggestive to leaders who want to secure home reading. The same meeting, all may be used to add interest. A plan might be adopted for family large outline map of the world may be colored fl:; :ria/Jbee and filled in, as the class travels from place in~ca~~ddib:' pb:~n;h: :fn~ts s'::ft~:'

the map. Book reviews in the form of fifty.

:e~~d ~~Ief:'::d ~vi:~y t~ia~O~a~tb~es~~~~ ~~ine trip tickets. read in the department. As each book is read, "At the discretion of the leader the uconductor" punches the ticket, and thi.. forms the record of the rcadul~.'~

BEST METHODS

Giving Mone:r and Service gestions for things that may be made by children at home for gifts The reai headquarters for the cam- to children in hospitals, homes, or paigns that furnish the millions mission stations. The various h0liof dollars needed for the missionary day seasons may easily bf ~11ade openterprise are at mother's knee. A portunities for service to others. man who has given hundreds of thousands of dollars for missions re- Over an, Prayer plied when he was asked how it happened that he made such large John G; Paton, the hero of the gifts: New Hebrides, said that even as an old man he recalled the earnest "It didn't happen at all. When I fervor of the prayers he heard his was a little boy my mother taught father and mother make for those me to set aside for the Lord's treas- who had never the message of a ury a certain part of all the money Saviour's love and for the young I had. I simply have more money people who might go as messengers. now than I did then." It was said of the mother of It is not "frenzied finance," but the Jacob Chamberlain iliat through her careful home training in stewardship prayers and personal influence thirthat will fill missionary treasuries. teen members of her family went to mission fields. Dr. and Mrs. John In the home of one of our great Scudder in their home in India missionary leaders there is a strong prayed for their children "Not Chrisbox known as the Lord's treasury. tians only, dear Lord, but mission- Into that box father, mother and aries everyone if it he Thy will," and the children put at least one-tenth all of their children save one who of the money that comes into their died while he was in college went hands. From there the church back to the mission field. envelopes are filled on Sunday mornings with amounts agreed upon iT! The history of missions is the council for the gift of each member history of family altars. Back of of the family. Special offerings also St. Augustine was Monica his go into this box. Frequently the mother, praying God to call her family agree together that they wilt son. Ere Bartholomew Ziegenhalg, do without something they had ex- the first Protestant foreign missionpected to have in order to make a ary, set sail for India, his mother on gift for some special object. The her deathhed kept the habit of her family all discuss together the pur- life when she placed in his hands a poses for which the "Lord's money" Bible with the prayer that it might shall be used, and there is a deep and. guide his steps. abiding interest in the work in which they have part. In this home the Christian Frederick Schwartz, angiving is regular and systematic. other pr!nce!y missionary of India, It is sacrificial, for the members of )lave testimony that his mother's and the family individually and collec- father's prayers had led him from tively deny themselves many things the ways of recklessness and sin into in order to make larger gifts, with a ways of Christian service. spirit that is as fine and as contagious as was the spirit of "meat- . From the homes in which prayer less days." IS wo~t ~o be. made, th.er~ are going out mlSSlOnanes and miSSIOnary sup- Of equal importance is training porters who are giving their lives to for giving of time and service. The answering their own prayers and the things we do are not only the result prayers of their fathers and mothers. of our training but a most important part of that training. The book "Things to Make *" gives many sug-

Woman's Home Mission

MIGRANT WORKERS ing crop, from state to state to North Dakota. By M. Katharine Bennett Another agricultural group is that President of the Council of Women for made up of the workers who help with the truck farming, fruit picking Home Missions and the canning. These groups are to be found in large numbers in Many startling facts were brought California, Colorado, along the gulf out by the Surveys made by the of Mexico, in 'Vestern New York Interchurch World Movement. None, State and in New Jersey, Delaware perhaps, were more surprising than and Maryland, workers from the those relating to the number, location latter groups in many cases moving on and types of seasonal employments to the oyster canning along Chesaand the vast importance of the group peake Bay in the winter. known as "Migrant Workers." "The truth is," says the Survey, "that Mining, fishing and manufacturing much of the work of the world is also make their demands on the miseasonal. As a result of these seas- grant worker and help to swell the onal fluctuations, an army of a mil- appalling number of those who, to lion and a half migrant laborers keep the wheels of industry moving, constantly on the move is necessary must themselves be often "on the to save our industries from disaster. move," to the detriment of home life, social relationships and community "These casual workers go tramp- consciousness-three natural and susmg over fixed paths towards goals taining influences, deterring from vi tremendous, national and world crime, anarchy and shiftlessness. importance. They have no permanent place in society and receive only The report of the Home Mission the most trivial and fleeting recognition for their important work." Survey was presented to the Home Missions Council and the Council of The logging camps, from Maine Women for Home Missions at their to Washington, employing hundreds joint Annual meeting held in January of thousands of men, "about 90% of -with special consideration of the them unmarried, afford a specialized migrant groups. By action of the problem from the fact that they are Councils responsibility for these centers of an extremely radical social workers was definitely allocated, sentiment and propaganda. Loggers among the actions taken being the are almost overwhelmingly radical and strongly 1. W. W. in convictions." following: Some of the denominations have undertaken work in camps, but the "That the unallotted work among women great majority of these groups are and children in the small fruit, vegetable left without religious or Christian and canning industry in the states, of social service of any kind; lumber New York, New Jersey, Delaware and jacks coming out of the woods when Maryland, and elsewhere when the surthe logging season is over are, there- vey is completed, be allocated to the fore, unsympathetic and critical of Women's Boards having constituency in the church's attitude. these states."

A second large migrant group, es- In accordance with this action, a timated at about one-quarter million special Committee was appointed by of men, is made up of those who the Council of Women to plan for harvest the wheat; the great number experimental stations during the of these workers begin in Texas and summer of 1920, and a letter was move northward, following the ripen- sent to the Women's Boards asking their financial cooperation. Many of these had already so planned the work of the year that no financial margin 820 remained, but enough were able to the long one-story bunk-house, a shack in which every room opens outcontribute to make possible an im- of-doors. Worst of all, a number of families may be housed in a barn mediate beginning of the work. loft without any partitions whatever.

The first necessity was a director Men, women and children, young people and adults, the married and to visit the field, locate the stations, the unmarried alike, are often com- pelled to live in this promiscuous secure cooperation both on the part way."

of cannery owners and of local Among most of these groups no church women, find field workers, es- provision is made for caring for the children who are too young to work, tablish them at their posts and direct and no recreation provision is made the ·work. Such a Director was for the leisure time of the young people. The latter fact leads to bad found in Miss Lila Bell Acheson, moral conditions and to mischief. Ve shall leave to Miss Acheson her- Secretary of the Department of self the telling of the effort being Christian Social Service under the made in the stations opened this Woman's Board of Home Missions summer to meet the needs of the of the Presbyterian Church, which women and children at three places. Board released her temporarily for The Survey in speaking of "Units this important work. Under the for women and children in cannery Y. W. C. A. Miss Acheson had and agricultural labor camps" estiduring the war organized and con~ mates two hundred as the number duded the splendid piece of work of groups that should be reached in for industrial girls in the munition the program. of the next five years. plant at Pompton Lakes, New Jer- Three months is the usual length of sey, and had later organized the fine service needed per year. It is hoped work at New Orleans among the that most of the Woman's Boards of cotton mill and tobacco factory girls. Home Missions may be able to in- clude amounts for this work in next Perhaps the best preparation Miss year's budget and so make possible .-cheson has had for this special work the opening of many more stations was in volunteer social work done in the summer of 1921, and that they by herself and her sister in the Puy- may also make provision for the folallup valley of Washington state. lowing of the cannery workers to their winter homes. The Interchurch Survey speaks of BEGINNING OF THE WORK the problems of the cannery workers Lila Bell Acheson as follows: "The characteristic prob- Supervisor of Work Among Migrant lem of the cannery group is the very Groups conducted by the Council of Vomen for Home Missions acute one of housing, sanitation and The work was first commenced at morals The majority of Riverton, New Jersey. Just outside of this very attractive little town these fruit pickers' camps consists of large crops are grown and afford al- most continuous employment from existing outbuildings, temporarily de- early spring to late fall. On account of the nearness and size of the Philvoted to human habitation. Condi- adelphia market, the fruit and vege- tables are shipped fresh and no tions in such quarters vary greatly.

A large fruit grower frequently has a well-built bunk house near his residence, the second story of which will house two or three men per room, the first floor being used for a dining room and kitchen. Where immigrant family labor is used, one may find a long two-story tenement in the midst of an orchard housing an indeterminate number of families.

There is no logical separation of living quarters; no proper provision for individual privacy or domestic economy. Another frequent type is

SOME OF THE "PRIMARIES" AT RIVERTON, N. J.

canneries are located in this vicinity. of a day. The tiny ones are taken The fatlier and mother with the older care of in a day-nursery; the next children work in the fields from early morning until late at night, size have kindergarten, and those while the younger children, ranging from tiny babies to boys and girls who are old enough commence their eight or nine years of age, amuse themselves as best they can, with no regular schooling. The morning supervision or care, and no prepara- passes all to quickly. A hot lunch tion for their meals. The mother comes in at noon, tired, hurriedly is provided at noon, and before it eats a cold lunch and is off to work is finished, tired little heads are nodagain. Often she does not even see ding, so hammocks and rugs under her children. When you think of the trees are soon in use and the the constant care and training other wind sings them a lullabye. When children receive, you wonder that the nap is ovet·, all enter into the these kiddies ever grow up with any supervised play, and swings, slides, and sandpiles are exceedingly popuideals at all. lar. The school day is over at five An exceptional group of Quaker o'clock and cars deliver them safely at their so-called homes. They have women live in this neighborhood, and had the right food and play to dethey have been vitally interested in velop them physically and ideals of these Italian children who live for a Christianity and Americanizationfew months each year on their farms, essentials of which they know nothand have wanted for some time to ing- are readily absorbed by their bright little brains. do something for them. When we told them of our plan they imme- The location we chose in Delaware diately offered to cooperate in every is at Houston, and differs from way possible and proved it by obtain- Riverton in many ways. The people ing the school house which is located come from Philadelphia and Baltiin the center of this district and, more to work in the large cannery. situated in a grove of trees, makes They live in long rows of one-story a most ideal workshop. The children bunk houses on the cannery ground. are brought here by auto from the During the peas and tomato seasons surrounding farms each morning and at least I SO live on this tract of land, here they spend a very different sort less than half the size of a city block. The older members of the family often work night and day in the can-

THE WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

nery, during the busy season. The are among the agencies that have al- babies and children are either under ready agreed to join in the support their feet, in danger of injury from of an interdenominational program the machinery and the boiling canned for Santo Domingo. The island is goods, or amuse themselves in the practically unoccupied ·territory and nearby grove. under the leadership of the Com- We put up a large tent across the mittee on Cooperation in Latin Amer- road from these shacks, overflowing ica there has been a successful effort with children, and besides the activi- to secure a united approach there ties carried on at Riverton, we have and to make impossible the over~ a health clinic with an Italian nurse lapping establishment of churches or in charge. Regular Sunday services other evangelistic agencies.

are conducted by neighboring minis- Between 90% and 95% of the ters. Lantern slides depicting the population above ten years of age is Bible stories afford entertainment illiterate, schools are needed through- and instruction one or two nights a out the island both academic and week. Music for the entertainments industrial, evangelical churches are is provided by the Italians, much to small and few, hospitals are few and every one's delight. The cannery community service is unknown. Both managers and people of both Hous- in the towns and the country region ton and Milford have cooperated all forms of Christian cooperation wonderfully, supplying us with lum- are sorely needed, and there should ber for our tent floor and seating be a prompt and full response to the facilities, giving us a piano, material opportunity to take Santo Domingo for hot lunches, the use of the stere- for Christ.

opticon lantern, and valuable vol- unteer workers. CONFERENCES IN THE FALIl OF 1920 The third place that we are work- A series of conferences under the ing in this summer is Bel Air, Mary- auspices of the Home Missions land. This is the county seat of Council and the Council of Women Harford County, which has 214 for Home Missions are announced canneries, a larger number than any for this fall: other county in the United States. The work does not commence until On Indian ·work at Wallace Lodge, the middle of August and as the Yonkers, to consider common re- Riverton season closes at this time, sponsibilities and the allocation of we will be able to move the staff unoccupied territory. and equipment on to Maryland. The prospects are very bright there for On work for Spanish-Speaking doing a fine piece of work. The people in Albuquerque, EI Paso and cannery is situated about two miles in Tucson, to discuss questions of out of town on the edge of a grove, comity, of education, and a general program for advanced work.

and the bunk houses are in the On work for Orientals, Chinese, shadow of these trees. The owner Japanese, Koreans, Hindus, and Ar- of this cannery received the idea menians, in Los Angeles and San most favorably and is cooperating Francisco, to discuss questions of with us heartily in our arrangements. comity and to consider a program of work for the future.

SANTO DOMINGO On Mormonism in Salt Lake City, Two Woman's Boards of Home to discuss better equipment and per- Missions, that of the Methodist sonnel, suitable publications, lecture- Episcopal Church, North, and that ships, program of education and col- of the Presbyterian Church, North, portage.

FROM MANY

JAPAN-CHOSEN Kindergarten for the Deaf "New Life Discussions" JAPAN has had schools for the deaf for a number of years, but NEWSPAPER evangelism which until this year no attempt has been Dr. Albertus Pieters has shown made to teach lip reading and speech. to be so effective, is now being A kindergarten has been organized pushed by Mr. Walton of the Church under the direction of the Presby- Missionary Society in Hiroshima. terian and German Evangelical Asso- His "New Life Discussions" go into ciation Missions. Mrs. A. K. Re;s- 20,000 homes through the medium of chauer, who is in charge, writes that the daily press. The correspondence more have applied for admission which these have elicited reveal a than can be accepted. The applideep spiritual need. One wrote from cants range from the poorest to the a distant village: "My condition has son of a baroness. It is horeo that been indescribably fearful. I have this kindergarten can demonstrate to heard Buddhist sermons without the educational authorities what is number, but I cannot believe them." possible, with the result that the In three months 311 persons from Government will then introdllce 117 villages have written for more modern methods into its institutions. information regal-ding Christian principles. Korean Week of Evangelism From Monastery to Y. W. C. A. A WEEK of evangelistic services held in Pyengyang, Korea, the A MOHAMMEDAN monastery, latter part of February brought thl'ee a landmark in Japan, is to be thousand persons to a decision for converted into a Y. W. C. A. build- Christ. These meetings were planned ing, if the purchase of the property and carried out almost entirely by can be negotiated. This project is the K 0 r eans themselves. Men, sponsored by the college Y. W. C. A. women aljd children visited from branches of Ohio, Pennsylvania, house to house and teams of college West Virginia, Maryland and Del- boys toured the country districts. aware, which are raising money to The proportion of church members make the payment. to the population is higher in Pyeng- yang than in many parts of America. Practical Results from Facwry Meetings No Weather Bureau in Korea A NON-CHRISTIAN fa eta r y owner of Osaka, Japan, has taken T.7 OREAN daily newspapers do pains to advise other employers to .l~ not announce "fair and warmer" allow Christian teaching to be given indications for the next day, as the their workers. He gave his reason in natives believe the gods are in charge a trade journal, and it is a convincing of the weather, and that if properly apologetic for Christian missions. approached their climatic decisions "During the twelve months since the may be regulated. Dr. A. Garfield missionaries began coming to the fac- Anderson of Wonju, Korea, destory," said he, "a thousand less rice cribes the various ways by which the bowls were broken than the year people try to induce rain. They before. This is because there is I(:'ss write prayers for rain and hang bad temper among the women them up on the hillside. Two workers who hear Christian teach- dragons lie between the market ing."

824 stalls, each about one hundred feet Conversions in Prison long and two feet high at the head, tapering off gradually to the tail. A I N MARKED contrast to 1110st sorceress in time of dry weather Chinese prisons is one in the diswill come out and dance before these trict of Kiang-lin-hsien, Kiangsu dragons to bring rain. Province, where the warden is sympathetic with Christianity. For CHINA the past two years a local pastor, at the invitation of the warden, has Congress of Chinese MIssIons been preaching regularly to the pris- oners and teaching them the Bible. A CONGRESS of all Protestant A large number of the inmates have Missions in China is being plan- asked for baptism, and a distinct ned by the China Continuation Com- change in the atmosphere of the mittee for next spring. It is ex- prison is noticeable. The warden, pected that one thousand delegates although not as yet a professed will attend, including missionaries Christian, heartily joins in the serand Chinese. The Congress will dis- vices. cuss matters of common interest and elect a new Continuation Committee. Chinese Proverbs Department Store Chapel Services CHINA is a land where custom is more binding than law, and THE two largest department where the ancient past is the standard stores in Shanghai, Wing On's for the present, so that proverbs and Sincere's, hold religious services abound and have great force. The on the roof garden every Sunday following are characteristic: morning between nine and ten, and every employee is obliged to be A good drum does not need a heavy stick. present. The managing director of If you do not want anybody to know it do one of these companies heard and believed the Gospel in Australia not even do it. twenty-seven years ago, and believes that he is carrying out God's will in If you are in the right you need not thus bringing the teachings of Christ speak in a loud voice. to his employees. The preachers at these services are pastors of the city. Words whispered on earth sound like thunder in heaven. Blinded for Attending Church More trees are upright than men. OPPOSITION to Christianity has The highest towers begin from the not ceased in China, according to a report in fhe New Yark Times. ground. This year on March 7, less than 200 No image maker worships the gods, he miles from Shanghai, a young man had his eyes put out for attending a knows what stuff they are made of'. Christian church. On a visit to Free sitters at the play always grumble Soochow the young man had heard the Gospel preached for the first most. time, and after his return home he What avails it to pray to Buddha like accompanied a friend to Christian services nearby. The father con- silver and scold your brother like brass. sented to blinding his son for attend- One dog barks at nothing and the rest ing and the stepmother did the deed. It was intended also to cut out his bark at him. tongue, but neighbors succeeded in You can't clap hands with one palm. getting him away and he is now in a Christian hospital. (i. e. in union there is strength). One more good man on earth is better than an extra angel in heaven.

INDIA Salvation. Army in India A COMPLETE reorganization of Salvation Army work in India has been effected, including the di- vision of that country for Salvation Army administrative purposes into three separate territories.

The Army there has confined .its evangelistic and other efforts almost entirely to work for the criminal

tribesmen, and has a record of re- Bible Mission, handled the argument markable acruevement in its work for the Bible. The debate took among this class of India's teeming place in the physician's office, other populations. The Juvenile Criminal Mohammedan doctors being present Home in Rangoon has been in opera- to add an occasional word of re- tion for five years and the official enforcement. Copies of the Koran, government records show that fifty Greek Testament and Hebrew Bible per cent of the criminals committed were in evidence; also several vol- to it are permanently reformed, while umes of an encylopedia. A record the majority of these are evangelized. of the debate was kept by a secretary who wrote continuously in a large The SCriptures at Work note book.

THE Bible Translation Society The Bible champion, after a pre- work has not been in vain the past liminary skirmish, used solid logic year, the eightieth of the Society's and showed photographs of Alexanactivity. Here is an example. drian and Sinaitic manuscripts of the New Testament to prove the A Hindu, resolved upon a change ancient origin. Then he proceeded in diet, bought a farthing's worth of to explain the differences in the two sago instead of his accustomed por- records. tion of rice. The sago was wrapped in a printed sheet, and while prepara- As a sequel, the young Moslem tion of the meal was in progress, secretary a day or two later came to the Hindu read the wrapper, which the Presbyterian mission for further was a page from the Gospel of John. discussion. It is regarded most The words arrested attention, and hopefully that Mohammedan unrest both sides of the page were read. leads to such inquiry. The man wanted more, and went to the trader from whom he bought the Rajahmundry Diamond Jubilee sago, thinking that he could enlighten rum as to the origin of the sheet. SEVENTY-FIVE years ago a The trader sent the customer to the Lutheran minister, Rev. L. P. M. missionary, who readily gave him a Valett, arrived as the first Christian complete copy of the coveted volume. missionary at Rajahamundry, India. The pages were devoured as This station has remained an Amereagerly as the sago had been, and ican Lutheran Mission. The diathe man's heart was touched. In a mond jubilee was celebrated early short time the missionary, hoping this year, in which a thousand Christhat he might find in the man an tian converts participated. After anxious inquirer, sought to get into opening celebrations at the main stacontact with him; but all he could tion two bands of Indian Christians find out was that the man had left toured the entire field and held juhi~ home, and was itinerating the bilee meetings in many centers. villages of Bengal, telling the Gospel of God's love in Christ! The report of the Mission gives the baptized membership as 27,000; The Christian. Sunday-school pupils, 11,465 and 12,- 3% pupils in Christian day and Ohristian-Mohammedan Debate boarding schools. Associated with the twenty-eight American mission- A MOHAMMEDAN physician of aries are 1362 native helpers, eight Cawnpore challenged the Chris- of whom are ordained pastors. tians to a debate on the trustworthiness of the Bible. The point under GEo. DRACH. discussion was the difference between the accounts of Christ's gen- Christian Loyalty or Sikhs ealogy as given by Matthew and by Luke. Nazir Husain, a worker in the ABOUT 6000 Christian Sikhs served in the war as soldiers, in addition to large numbers as trans-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

port drivers, hospital assistants and 28, 1872, with seventeen pupils. clerks. When asked to sing on Forty-three per cent of the Christian parade they struck up "Christ the Burmese and thirty-eight per cent of King of Glory" and followed that the Christian Karens who graduate with other Psalms. When their from Judson College become mission officers insisted upon having their workers. national airs, they replied. "But these are our national songs." MOSLEM LANDS New Treatm.ent for Leprosy Cloudburst in Persia SIR LEONARD ROGERS esti- FLOOD and fire have been caus- mates that there are over 300,000 ing great damage in East Persia, lepers in the Indian Empire. the worst havoc being in Teheran, the capital. A cloudburst occurred The method of treatment with the in the foot hills near the city and salts of fatty acids introduced by a torrent of water poured over the him has been lately tested by four- plains, breaking down the north wall teen medical officers and assistants of the Presbyterian Mission, and surin Leper Asylums throughout India rounding homes in the vicinity. To with most favourable results, 72 per check the progress of the flood, doors cent showing marked improvement, were banked with earth, the city ga~e in spite of the fact that most cases was forced shut and earth was piled were advanced and the period of against it. In Tomans the loss was treatment had been comparatively heavy, not least of which was the short. More research is needed, destruction of the flourishing garhowever, further to improve the dens. Fires in many places followed treatment. the damage by flood.

Tobacco "Missionaries" The French Save Christian Syrians THE following appeared in The THE Archbishop of Tyre, Rev.. Indian Witness: Shukrallah Khoury, visiting in "A travesty on the name mission- America, received from his secretary ary appears in a letter from a vet- a report of cc1nditions in Syria, dated eran lately returned to India, who May 18, which shows that the action states that on the vessel upon which of the French Government had saved he crossed the Pacific, a fellow-pas- the Christian population from extersenger who travelled with him in the mination. On April 24 the Shiite same cabin said that he himself was Mohammedans convened in general the missionary of a well known session and approved resolutions for -Tobacco Trust and sent out to the the annihilation of all Christians for Orient to push the business by intro- the reason that the latter would not ducing samples. A younger man forego their demand for French prowas apparently coming out as a mis- tection. On May 5 thousands of sionary apprentice." armed Shiite Mohammedans began a furious attack upon Ainebl, where Judson College, Ilangoon the inhabitants held back the hordes for eight hours until their ammuni- THE one Christian college in tion failed and night came on. The Burma, formerly known as Ran- defenders were finally overcome and goon Baptist College, has been re- inconceivable atrocities were comnamed Judson College in honor of mitted. On May 7 bandits came in the first American Baptist Foreign great numbers to the city of Tyre. missionary, Adoniram Judson. The raided plantations on the way and college will be a constituent part of destroyed the promising silk crop. the new Burma University. The French authorities, at the direc- The institution was opened May

tion of the French Governor of Tyre, Better Pictures for Moslem Children took prompt and energetic action and sent a military contingent to repress MISS ELSIE WOOD, a trained the outlaws. illustrator, has gone to Cairo to serve Moslem children in a unique Stirrups from Church BeIl~ way. She will provide, through the Nile Mission Press, a wholesome CHURCH bells are an abomina- illustrated literature to counteract tion to Moslems. In 1917, the the cheap and demoralizing pictures Turks, hearing that the Germans for which a demand has grown up. had melted their church bells and Pictures were at one time barred made them into bullets, decided they from Mohammedan lands, but opwould melt the church bells of Asia position is disappearing, largely due Minor. In order to add insult to to the prevalence of the "movie." injury some of the bell metal was made into stirrups, to show the Ar- Mission Study in Egypt menian Christians that they were both in fact and figure under the FOUR nationalities, Egyptian, feet of their Mohammedan over- Syrian, Armenian and American, lords. But the Armenians of Marash are represented in the Tanta, Egypt, have collected the money for a good Christian Endeavor Society, which church bell to be purchased in Amer- has about forty members. It is one ica, and are looking forward to a of the few societies in Egypt where time when they can worship God in both young men and young women peace. take part. A mission study course based on Dr. Underwood's volume Changing Customs in Syria on Korea has been completed, and the members were prompt and eager .rT.(ING Feisal of Syria who has to report on topics assigned. A recently yielded to the French broadened sympathy for other lands is a lineal descendant of Moham- was evident as a result of the course. med, yet his government decreed that women shall be eligible to all AFRICA offices. Not only is there a greater appreciation of woman's place in Converted in Exil(' Syrian society and ino the home on the part of men but the women them- WHEN the Germans left Kamselves are imbued with a desire for emn they retreated with all better things and a better country. their black soldiers into Spanish During the war two women's clubs Guinea. The Spanish Government were formed in Beirut. One con- then transported all German soldiers sists entirely of Moslem young to Spain and all the black soldiers women. They invite lecturers on to Fernando Po, an island off the hygiene, domestic science, litera.ture, Kamerun Coast. These men and etc.; maintain schools and volunteer their wives were there interned until as teachers. late in 1919 when they were sent back to Kamerun. Some German The second club was founded by missionaries had remained with them a well educated Christian women in exile, and some very earnest conwho is the wife of a Moslem. The verts were made, who presented their purpose of this group is to bring application for membership in the together Syrian women of all faiths, various churches in Bululand. help them to overcome their age long prejudice, and to appreciate The Bible as a Charm each other's viewpoint. Once a month they come together to hear THE following order came from papers on profitable subjects, and a Greek merchant trading among the Abyssinians: enjoy good music. "To the director of the British and The Orient. Foreign Bible Society:

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

"Respectfully I have the honor to minister to the wives and daughters inform you that I want you to make of workingmen who are now crowd- New Testaments in the Abyssinian ing the native quarters in Nairobi. language in a very small size, to be Two years ago the population of this used as charms against the devil, for place was almost exclusively young the Abyssinians. I want you also to men employed by Europeans, but make three pictures in it-on the first recently wives, children and others page the picture of the Holy Trinity, have come to the town because of in the middle the crucifying of Jesus, famine at home, or the desire for and on the last page the ascension adventure. These latter are stranded of Jesus. I pray you to let me know and unprotected, and to send them if you can do this book, or not. back to their homes would mean If you can do it, how much is the condemning them to heathenism, expense? And how long before I while on the other hand, they are can have it? And to whom shall I exposed to great temptation in send the money? And I shall be Nairobi. The Church Missionary much obliged." Society has formed regular classes for them, and now proposes to sur- Growth in East Africa round this particular class with the influence of a Christian home, and THE e.arly pioneers who went to assist them in earning a livelihood. British East Africa to carrv the Gospel were also pathfinderS' for Life of Faith. that vast territory, and laid the foundations for a prosperous colony. The Vakaonde of Rhodesia Today, Mombasa is a flourishing port. The Uganda railway has its T.(AONDELAND, not indicated terminus there and its daily train service taps the country's resources .r on most maps, lies in the exfor 600 miles around. Lake steamers travel between Uganda and Port treme northwest of Rhodesia. Its Florence, and afford means of reach- inhabitants, the Vakaonde tribe, numing the Belgian Congo. Nairobi, the ber about 30,000 and are semiheadquarters of the Africa Inland nomadic due to their defective agri- Mission, is 325 miles from Uganda. cultural system. They know nothing It has a European population of of rotation of crops, and when their 5,000, about 30,000 Asiatics and 600,- gardens cease to yield enough to feed 000 blacks. No immigrant is al- them they move to a new site. lowed to settle there unless he has a sufficient sum of money to tide him The South Africa General :'vlis,ion over the first few months. Mission- has undertaken to evangelize this aries, officials and settlers have trans- tribe and has established two stations formed a non-productive desert into about 160 miles apart. Seven a self-supporting colony, while the workers are now in charge, four black man has observed and mar- more being absent on forlough. The veled. This is the era that will give people have no well defined idea perma,lence to the work that has of God. They believe in His exisbeen undertaken. tence and want to follow Him, and herein lies the encouragement of Refuge for Women in Nairobi missionary work among them. They are apathetic, but not savages. Sus- AFRICAN women, by heredity tained effort of any kind is quite and environment, are helpless foreign to their temperament, alcreatures. The Alliance of Protes- though they possess great power d tant Missions, formed last year at endurance. Kikuyu, plans to institute a refuge home at Nairobi, East Africa, to Zrunbesi Industrial Mission W HEN the Zambesi Industrial Mission was founded 'more than twenty-five years ago it wa!:'

the aim to make the work self-sup- tablished by the mine workers of the porting by the end of the fifth year. Transvaal, and the growing unrest Coffee plantations proved very suc- has lead to a refusal of smaller cessful, and would have made the groups to work. Agitators have initial station self-supporting before gone about advising the people to the fifth year, but the Mission, in- revolt against law, such as pass stead of limiting its activities, launch- regulations, curfew rules, sale of in- ed out into a wider sphere, and toxicants, etc. Ten thousand blacks opened new stations where industrial of different tribes and speaking difwork promised encouraging results. ferent languages, who until now had Today there are eight centers, each not had any feeling of relationship, a mission in itself, and radiating have united in proclaiming a general missionary helpfulness far and -near. strike. The Germans consider that There is a vast territory in posses- the expulsion of their mission sion of the Portuguese Government workers from this territory en- still untouched by Christian missions dangers the situation, as they feel of any kind. that they have better insight in deal- Result of Bad Housing ing with the native temperament.

While there are differences of opin- TUBERCULOSIS IS taking a -ion on this point, there is no doubt fearful toll on the Bantu people. of the serious nature of the unrest From the annual report of Lovedale ;among the natives, and it gives rise Hospital it appears that one-fifth of to critical problems in missionary all the patients admitted are sufferers work as well as in the political and from some form of this disease. The industrial situation in South Africa.

usual Kaffir hut, with its minimum of ventilation and its earth floor :EUROPE which does not admit of disinfection, Muller Missions T is a prolific breeder of tuberculosis, HE society founded by George Muller of Bristol, England, not and the fact that most domestic ser- vants are natives, brings this menace only supports the larger orphanages into European homes. South Africa at Ashley Down but maintains five has an ideal climate, and with atten- schools in Italy and one in British tion directed to housing reform for Guiana. They also subsidize a great the natives, a great advance would number of mission causes in differ- be made in the control of the "white ent parts of the world. The total death." number of orphan children cared for during the year has been 1467.

A Blind Kaffir Evangelist Although financial appeals for A BLIND Kaffir evangelist is all kinds of causes were never so moving about in the Peddie dis- great as during the past few years trict of Cape Colony. Never having the orphanges, without making any had his sight he has not learned to appeals have received more last year read, but after his conversion school than at any time in their history.

children read to him, and so well All has come in answer to prayer versed in the .Bible has he become and not one working day passed that he can give the location of any without some gift. Since the begin- well known text of Scripture. He ning of the work £2,141,850 have is a most successful soul winner. been contributed for its support.

Bolshevism in South AfriCa Literature for Lighthouses MISSION work in South Africa THE British and Foreign Sailors' has been much hindered by the Society, the oldest sailors' society spreading of Bolshevism among na· in the world, takes a practical internve workers. A union has been e,- est in the lonely lighthouse keepers.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

So far as possible, monthly parcels less difficulty in assembling an auof reading matter are sent to each dience and more attentive hearing of the 300 lighthouses and light-ship than heretofore. stations. Books on scientific subjects, on religion, art, wood carving, Historical Study as a Weapon travel and poetry are requested, showing the variety of interests THE Giordano Bruno Association which these men represent. At has established a School of Papal shore stations, the children are pro- History which will commemorate the vided with suitable literature. fiftieth anniversary of the deliverance of Rome from papal control. The Edinburgh Mission to Jews Waldensian paper, La Luce, gives the main lines along which investi- THIS society maintained by an gation and study is proposed. interdenominational committee, owns a situable home in the center 1. The genesis and development of the of the Jewish locality, with reading papacy, and the injury which it has done rooms and auditorium for services. to the national sentiment of Italy. The medical department is the chief avenue of approach to the Jews. Z. The functions of the papacy in the Christian addresses are delivered to mediaeval and modern world. the patients, and literature distributed among ,them. 3. Episodes of papal history-the here- sies, quarrels, persecutions, the Jesuits, The Bible in Ireland etc.

THE distinguishing feature of 4. Powerlessness of the papacy to live the Irish Mission is that it affirms without the support of the foreigner. the right of every man and woman to possess and study the Word of 5. The work of the papacy during the God, in opposition to the stand taken Italian national struggle and since. by the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland. 6. Significant figures in the history of the papacy-the nepotists, the Borgias, During the past year 106,172 Clement VIII the executioner of Bruno, homes were visited, 25,597 religious etc. conversations were held; 20,390 Scriptures and portions were sold, 7. The thought of Italians concerning an increase of 1,399 over the num- the papacy-Dante, Galileo, Carducci, Fosber sold in the previous year. The colo, Bruno, Machiavelli. total number of sales to Roman Catholics was 17,479, an increase of 8. Dogma against political liberty and 3,390 over that of 1917. liberty of thought.

Comparing the above figures with Difficulties in San Sebastian those of 1908, we are faced with the fact that last year, with five workers SAN SEBASTIAN in northern less, we sold nea;rly three times the Spain is the summer home of the number of Scriptures. This fact is royal family, and has other varied in spite of the fact that last year all interests.A Christian school for girls our books were at least double the was founded there by Mrs. William price at which they sold ten years H. Gulick some years ago but was ago. transferred to Barcelona. Since then regular church activities have con- Roman Catholics manifest such a tinued in rented quarters. The desire to look into the Scriptures, Catholics persisted in trying to eject that their priests are now teaching them, but without avail. Recently bits of it here and there. This only however, the owners were compelled tends to broaden the minds of the to sell and all efforts to find another hearers. Open air preachers report location were fruitless. The work has had to be abandoned temporarily, except for small informal groups which meet in private homes. The church has about forty members and a C. E. Society of fifteen members. A class of ten boys meets for in- struction in their teacher's bed room.

It is not uncommon for represen-

tatives of Catholic societies to follow The Gospel is preached daily with a the children to their homes and at- directness which proves it "the power tempt to frighten the parents into re- of God unto salvation." moving them from the school under threat of dispossessing them of their Bibles by Weight in Russia homes. One church member, a street car conductor, was so bitterly per- I N RUSSIA Bibles are bought and secuted that he left for the United sold by weight, in accordance with States, and after two years' sojourn the decree of Lenine. This man has been able to send money for his who is "anti-Christ" to the Greek wife and three boys to follow him. Orthodox Church, has himself writ- This man is a member of a Spanish ten books by the score, and not es- church in New York. Such per- teeming these products of his brain secution gives pUblicity to the Protes- as "light reading" he has ordained tant work, and manv assurances of that all books be sold by weight. To sympathy are received. some extent the Scriptures are being allowed sent in, and the Bible So- Norway Becomes "Dry" ciety must give account of the pounds and ounces. On the average, 2369 NORWA Y has outlawed strong Bibles make a ton. drink. Prohibition was brought about by popular referendum, and it How much attention Lenine or his seems to be the universal verdict that people will give the Bible is probthe women turned the scale. This is lematical, but if as America deports the first general election in which the "Reds" to Russia some one Norwegian women have had a part. would supply each radical with a few "Dry" in Norway, however, allows pounds of Scripture that which the the sale of light wines and beer of world deprecates in the Soviet syslow alcoholic content. tem might be neutralized.

Christian Center in Copenhagen SORTH AMERICA THE Central Mission in Copen- Congregational Council hagen, with its twenty-eight branches of activity, is one of the MORE than three thousand Conmost remarkable city evangelistic or- gregational men and women asganizations in Europe. The work is sembled in Boston from all parts directed by one man, Dr. Anton Bast, of the world for eight days in June. but back of him are the king and One day was largely devoted to queen, the government, the country's missions. The history of work in best citizens and many of the labor- America was traced to the present· ing class, financial supporters of the day, as was the story of the London work. Missionary Society-now 125 years old. Speakers represented different The Mission has three principal fields, and Dean Brown of Yale foredepartments: Mission Work, com- shadowed "The Path Ahead." prising church services, newspaper and pamphlet dis..ribution, temper- The Congregational World Exhibit ance lectures and musical entertain- pictured the graphic story of work ments; Slum Work, with its refuge in India, China and Africa. There for homeless men, evening school, was a model of the city of Madura home visiting and aid for women and to make clear the nature of a mission children; and finally Rescue Work, station in India and the model of the which provides employment bureaus, African slave girl with a chain day nurseries, vacation outings and around her neck told another story. help for laborers out of work. The original Chinese version of the Bible in twenty-one volumes was Crowning all these varied activities shown besides. the autographed copy is the evangelistic spirit and purpose. of Adoniram judson's Burmese Bible.

An international League of Good

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Will was formed to promote trans- numbers. England is sending morc atlantic friendships. than any other nation. Scotland and Ireland have greatly increased their t'neungellzed Foreigners in New York contribution. The French immigra- tion, very small before the war, is ACCORDING to the recent cen- now almost equal to that of Italy. sus thirty-two foreign tongues It is claimed that prohibition is reare spoken in New York City, those sponsible for the vast exodus of using them numbering nearly 1,700,- Slavic people. If this is true, we realize 000. Evangelical missionary effort what a mistake we made in delaying has concentrated upon the Italians this legislation so long. If prohibibecause 0~ ,: greater number, and tion becomes a factor in the selecthere are thirt) three organizations tion of superior material for nation holding Christian services in that building a new argument will be furlanguage. Next in order are the nished to sustain it and to secure Swedes, with thirteen churches, then the vigorous enforcement of the law. Norwegians, Chinese and Japanese, but there are at least ten or twelve United Presbyterian. nationalities that have no opportunity to hear the Gospel proclaimed in The Jewish Problem in America their own language from an evangelical pulpit. For seven of these na- THE total Jewish population of tionalities there are no services of the United States is almost. four any kind in their own tongue. Only millions. In the garment making two per cent of the foreigners in areas of our great cities, in stores, New York City are members of brokerage houses, and arts of trade evangelical churches. Here is a prob- one emphatically realizes the part lem worthy of cooperative effort. which the Jew is playing in our economic life. He still is the Jew, Italian Leaders in Conference though largely without allegiance to the synagogue or loyalty to the re- THE need of evangelistic teach- ligion of his fathers. Still less is ing among Italians was empha- he affected by Christianity. Of all sized at the biennial conference on the million and a half in Greater Italian work, held at Auburn, N. Y., New York there are no more than June 22-24, under the auspices of 2,000 Christians. Through its Comthe Presbyterian Board of Home mittee on Plans and Policies for He- Missions. After a discussion of brews the Home Missions Council is methods for breaking down the re- seeking for the various denominaluctance of Italians to enter Protes- tions doing work among Jews to fortant missions, recommendations were mulate a literature, to outline a promade regarding the printing of tracts gram and to develop a method that on Protestant principles. About fifty shall more earnestly and broadly delegates represented 102 organized meet the spiritual demands of the churches and missions working for sons of Israel. Italians. A Year of Prohibition Slavs Leaving America A YEAR and more of prohibition A SIGNIFICANT change has has gone by, and it is possible to taken place in the character of gauge the material results of the the immigrants coming to this country new order. The fact that most of since the war. The vast Slavic tide the returns come through the courts of the pre-war days has changed its and penal institutions is indicative direction. It is now an outgoing of the need for the banishment of instead of an incoming tide. The alcoholic temptation. Although the people of northern Europe, on the lay enforcement is far from perfect, other hand, are coming' in greater less than one-third as many 1?eople

were arraigned for drunkenness the ing out in colleges and seminaries first five months of the year in the claims of home missions. Massachusetts, as during the corresponding period last year. AMore Missionaries Needed LTHOUGH the Presbyterian Money has been diverted into new missionary force on the foreign and more useful channels, and the present scarcity of scrub women in field shows a net gain of sixty-four many places shows· that the number of drunken husbands supported by this year, and the largest number of wives has diminished, and the wives are now experiencing the unaccus- new missionaries the Board has ever tomed luxury of being supported. Children already give evidence of had are under appointment to sail being better nourished. for their posts in thaendneraersigfnuattuiroe~ These facts should cause the the losses by death American people to line up solidly for full enforcement of the law. nearly balance the gain; reinforce- Student Volunteer Movement Broadens ments still are sorely needed. The THE Student Volunteer Move- Board wants for Africa alone twenty- ment will in the future include 11; five new workers; for China 30' calls· for service in the home field. This will be done in cooperation with Kor,:a, 15; India, 25; Japan: the Home Missions Council and the MeXICO, 12; East Persia, 7 ; West Home Boards. The Movement will render service ( 1) by listing all Persia, 13; Philippines, 15; Siam, needs and calls for the Home Mission . Boards in the same Bulletin 15; Brazil, 7; Colombia, 7; Venewith similar calls from the Foreign M.ission Boards; (2) including in the zuela, 2; Syria, 13; Chile, 7. Directory of Church Agencies with which the Christian students have AFederated Church in Massachusetts dealings, the Candidate Secretaries YEAR of federation of the of the Home Boards as well as the Foreign Boards; (3) cooperating churches in Ashland, Mass., has with the agents of the Home Boards changed the whole situation for the by giving them suggestions as to town. Congregational, Methodist and methods for finding candidates quali- Baptist Churches in March, 1919, fied to fill positions in home mission adopted the Articles of Federation work; (4) promoting the study of recommended by the Massachusetts the home mission courses provided Federation of Churches, and there is by the Home Boards in the same no longer a struggle to keep alive. general manner in which the Move- In March this year the combined ment has promoted the study of membership, after vigorous pruning, foreign mission courses; (5) recom- was 250, and there have been fifteen mending through the Christian or- additions since then. Attendance ganizations of the colleges that in the often reaches four hundred. The series of missionary meetings, lec- Federated Church is raising $700 a tures and topics of discussion clubs, year more than the combined budget home missions be given their proper of the three former churches, and place, and (6) helping the agents of the Home Mission Board to route the pastor receives $2000 salary. T r a v e ling Candidate Secretaries The Sunday-school is full of life whom the Home Mission Boards and has a membership of nearly fou; may desire to set apart for sound- hundred.

The Churches in Tennessee A SURVEY of seventeen coun- ties in Tennessee shows that the average Protestant Church has onlv seventy-five members. Many church buildings are used only twelve times a year, and one in every six is with- out a pastor. Only two out of three possess any record of membership.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

To Consider Mormon Field as from New York to Constantin- ople. ( 4 ) Better methods of com- HE Joint Committee on Mor- T monism of the Home Missions m u n ication-wireless stations. In Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions has appointed a some places the missionaries receive sub-committee to take into considera- only 2 or 3 mails a year. These tion the relative values of colportage, are material needs-above': all Alaska lectureships, churches, denominational -Eskimo, Indians and white men- school, mission enterprises, commun- needs the Gospel of Christ. ity centers, literature and its distri- bution, new cooperative agencies, LATIN AMERICA instruction in Theological Seminaries, enlistment of the clergy in preven- On the Mexican Border tive propaganda, legislation laws and enforcement, and such other mat- REV. JOHN BURMAN, a Swe- ters and methods as they feel should dish-American, is making his in- come under consideration in the fluence felt in Mexico. He found cooperative program of Reconstruc- Christ while working as foreman tion. The committee consists of Rev. in a copper smelter, gave up a F. L. Moore, Chairman (Congrega- good paying position and acquired tional); L. C. Barnes (Baptist); E. some education. He then served six L. Mills (Methodist Episcopal); A. years as a missionary in Bolivia and . ]. Montgomery (Presbyterian); Mrs. became acquainted with the Latin M. L. Woodruff (Methodist Epis- Americalp temperament. Returning copal); Mrs. F. W. Wilcox (Con- to the Southwest of the United gregational); John Wood (Protes- States he built up two Mexican tant Episcopal). churches, one on each side of the border. Last year he received thirty- Alaska's Needs seven Catholic Mexicans into his Old Mexico flock. He reports Mexico 'THE riches of Alaska have at- as increasingly friendly to Protestan- tism, and regards United States tracted thousands of settlers but military intervention as an over- with them have come the vices and whelming disaster. diseases of the States. Ten years ago, for instance, there were 12,000 Union Church in Mexico City Eskimo in Alaska; last year there were only 8000 and since 1918 at ALL English speaking Protestant least 1000 have died of influenza- churches in the city of Mexico most of them on the arctic circle. with the exception of the Protestant They are a virile race but at the Episcopal, have formed a union present death rate they will rapidly church. Its membership is about one disappear. hundred and fifty, and it has a strong and growing Sunday-school. Dr. John A. Marquis, who visited Alaska last summer reports that there Training Evangelists in Mexico are four great needs in Alaska (1) Medical work under Christian aus- HE School of Visitors" of pices-hospitals, physicians and nur- T Guanojuato, Mexico, has for its ses. There is a doctor at Point object the training of house to house Barrow but the nearest hospital is evangelists, and the course covers 600 miles away. (2) They need a one year. Thorough and practical division of territory among Evangel- Bible training is given, as well as the ical missions-to avoid overlapping history of the Reformation and early and to care for unoccupied areas. church history. Mornings are de- (3) They need modern methods of voted to study and in the afternoons homeopathies. From Sitka to Point the students go out on visitations Barrow is in point of time as far with their directress. Not only are the students developed in their per- sonal spiritual life, but they become

expert in the task of influencing Holy Virgin, for healing my others to· accept Christ. daughter Jane in September, 1918." Above are crutches reported to have Bible Work in South America been left by those who came there on them and departed without need- SHIPPING conditions between ing them. North and South America last year greatly crippled the work of A poor old woman of Santiago Scripture distribution. Nevertheless, said to one of the priests. "I want the results from the circulation of a nice mansion in heaven. How can Gospels in towns and villages was I get it?" "You can have one for far beyond mathematical computa- 30,000 pesos," was his reply. By tion. The workers rarely visit a the most rigid self-denial she was town without finding some who are able to hand over to the priest the keenly interested in the Bible, and 30,000 pesos at the time of her death. in many places the teaching of the Gospel is gaining ground rapidly. A Suggestion for Paraguay This is in spite of the unfriendliness of the priests, who are contin- ALTHOUGH the people of ually slandering the work. One wo- Paraguay are embittered against man said that the priest told her that Romanism, it does not follow that if she would not burn her Bible, it they are thereby drawn to evangelwould bring misfortune and sickness ical Christianity. Mr. Morton, of on her house. "That I dared not to the Disciples Mission, says that for do," she said, "and so I threw it into this reason a practical comparison of the canal; the water carried it away the two religions is what is needed into the interior of a vineyard and above all else. At present there is left it sticking in the mud; a con- no orphanage for boys in all Paratractor found it, cleaned it off and guay, and the only one for girls began to read it. "Since I came is an annex to an insane asylum. into possession of this book," said he, "things have changed The physical condition of the I feel as if I were a child of God." people is such that more than seventy- per cent of the conscripts have to The workers are looking forward be rejected. American packing comto an enlarged personnel, a Bible panies are ready to finance Chriscoach and Bible motor for Argentina tian social work in connection with and a Bible yacht for Paraguay. their plants in Paraguay. Mr. Mor- ton also urges an industrial and agri- Bible Society Record. cultural training institute for the Indians of the old Jesuit mission Heavenly Mansions for Sale territory.

NEAR Santiago, Chile, is a re- AUSTRALIA AND THE ISLANDS production of the Lourdes Grotto in France. The cavern is about Morality in Australia thirty feet wide and fifteen feet deep. On one side is a statue of the Virgin REV. C. B. COCKETT of Meland near the entrance are six spigots bourne, Australia, one of the of city water. The water that flows speakers at the International Confrom these spigots has been blessed, gregational .Council in Boston, reand is believed to have miraculous ports that in Sunday observance powers. The sick and crippled take Australia is ahead of America. There a drink, and many bring bottles to be are no theatres open on Sunday, and filled and carried home. Numerous in some provinces no trains or train slabs about the grotto bear such in- service; in others, car service is in scriptions as :"1 give thee thanks, 0 operation at the church hour only.

(Continued on page 839) What are You doing to spread the Gospel?

JOIN THE POCKET TESTAMENT LEAGUE and have a part in its endeavors to put the Word of God not merely into the pocket but into the life. .

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POCKET TESTAMENT LEAGUE Fifth Floor 156 Fifth Ave., New York City John Doe Was a Christian He was a devoted church worker He was an ideal husband and father He believed in Missions He wanted to provide for his wife's old age He wanted to help establish the Kingdom He made a Will BUT His Will contained a technical error It was contested It dragged through the courts His estate dwindled through litigation His widow had worry instead of ease John Doe meant well but he should have administered his own estate LIFE ANNUITY BONDS would have solved his problem For full information send a postal card to George M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Fifth Avenue. New York. or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 170I Arch Street. Philadelphia. Pa.

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Address. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . City……………. State .•••…..

,uB I Ohurch…………………. AU Please mention THlC MISSIONAllY REvn~w 011 'tHE WORLD in writin£ to advertisers NEWS FROM MANY LANDS (Continued from page 836) He says that 'the churches are united This as an influence in politics, and that Smile they are putting up a strong fight Says "I against the liquor interests. There Hear Clearly" is also well organized welfare work among industrial classes. II you are hard of hearing. [you1 [have embarrassing amUotmruesnetms-bsaorradsosmyeo!Lurt friends. Is it not worth while to see if Interracial Y. M. C. A. in Honolulu can be a.voided?

THE Nuuanu Y. M. C. A., Hono- 400,lJuu ~rl:lunl:l are now nearing olearly by ~aid of the lulu, which was at first considered Acousticon. A New York physician says: "It is of great value a doubtful experiment, has just celebrated its second birthday and is beat all_devices to me. I should have been obli~d to give up the practice of now firmly established. It is carrying out along practical Christian lines r:'t!"~~::f~:.:';!thad not 0 ained this ot the fundamental principles of interracial fellowship. The building is We offer you the used by organizations of widely different interests, such as the Japanese 1920 Acousticon Chamber of Commerce and the. Korean Citizenship Club, and meet- For 10 Days' FREE TRIAL ings are held by interracial groups of Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, Ha- NO DEPOSIT-NO EXPENSE waiians, Filipinos and Americans. Noon religious meetings are held on :w1dd! Just write…ying "I am hard or h~nd'wilI try the Wednesdays where men of all races receive instruction in Christian prin- ~ue:~~n~ ~~ i:~ ~~ii~1 fo~ YO~rr&!m~ ciples. however. that the Acoustico. baa patented f.._ whieh cannot be duplica.ted. So no matter what your past experieneea have been. ,end for YOUR free trial today.

Dictograph Products Corporation 1447 Candler Building, New York Prohibition in the Phlllppines Save THE first anti-liquor bill was pre~ $32.00 sented to the Philippine legislature in 1918, but went no further We want you to KNOW that we can save you than the committee. The real con- from $25 to $32 by buying our test began last August. The regular session of the legislature was to be- Bulletin Board gin in October and continue until after prohibition should go into We also want you to KNOW tbat our board effect in the United States. The is made of the very b("st material, is DURA- Christian Service League and the BLE, HANDSOME, ATTRACTIVE, CON- Evangelical Union were each par- VENIENT. tially prepared to carry on the campaign, and literature was at once Make Us Prove It prepared, committees were formed and petitions circulated. Large pos- A Postal wiI1 save you many dollars. ters were displayed in different places. Mass meetings, led by R. W. HOLLINGSWORTH MFG. CO. leading Filipinos, drove home prohibition facts, and temperance songs OVERTON, NEB. were sung.

At the various hearings before the Prohibition Committee of the Legislature speeches were made by the dean of the College of Law, the assistant director of education of (Continued on page 840) Please mention THlC M1SfiIOlfARY }btvnew OF THlt WOllI..D in writing to advertisers ftlontgommery VVard NEWS FROM MANY LANDS & Company ( Continued from page 839) Manufacturers and Exporters the Philippine Islands. the director of of General Merchandise health of the Philippine Islands, one or two Filipino preachers and one or Have eatered to the requirements of two missIOnaries. In his message Missiouaries In all parts of the world. to the Legislature the Governor- for over 25 years. General recommended the passage of the prohibition bill and when the law- You are Invited makers had to close their regular session without acting upon that bill, to mite for a copy of our larce Catalog the Governor-General again asked of general Merchandise and our special them to pass it in their special session. But the law makers con- Missionary Circular sented only to increase the revenue. Although the campaign failed to We guarantee safe delivery bring about prohibition legislation, anywhere it had an important educative value, and the problem now is to educate MONTGOMERY WARD &I COMPANY the public conscience. Facts regard- ing the effects of alcohol must be Mi..ionary Bureau put in text books, and a mass of CHICAGO. ILL. evidence of its evil consequences must be given wider publicity.

$100.00 The Filipino Woman for Your Church TWENTY years of American Today's Housewife has helped administration in the Philippines churches all over the country to raise funds in a refined, dig- have broadened opportunities for nified manner. Far superior women. Coeducation has been a to the usual, threadbare, tiring principle in the entire school system. supper, sociable or bazaar. The CIVIC spirit aroused among Not a cent of expense or risk. women by Red Cross work, food Write tcday for details, Church campaigns and Liberty Loan drives Aid Department, led to the organization of women's clubs and a year ago the first con- Today's I-Iousewife, vention of such clubs was held.

100 Main St. Custom still holds sway on certain points. A woman does not drive a Cooperstown, New York horse or automobile, or ride a bi- cycle. She may wish to be a nurse, but men and boys occupy this field. She can do fine embroidery, but the men design the patterns. Statistics show that the percentage of women engaged in earning a livelihood is more than twice that in the United States.

(Missionary Library page 841) Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIltW ott THE WORLD in writing to advertisers MISSIONARY LIBRARY A Garo Jungle Book, or The Mission to the Garos of Assam. By Rev. William Carey and Others. Maps, illustrations. 57:'1 x 7% in. Pp. 283. (Price not given.) The Judson Press, Philadelphia. 1919.

This is of far higher value than For my sermons, I use Kipling's "Jungle Book," and his the large, bold type. "Second Jungle Book," if of somewhat less literary excellence. A Bap- Then by "Just turning tist missionary in Bengal, a relative the knob" the ~~ of the great pioneer of Indian Missions of the same surname, has given t1j~' 1.8 "ea.,,! ~(I" ,.., us these chapters each page of which is interesting. This jungle is inhabit- •• ~"~a.~. CO"".8~O~a..~o ed not by wild beasts but by the Garos of northeastern India who are 6y Sund4Y Schoo£ ~ot'e. or were wild enough to need taming. Their lair and the wild men are "ManYITypewriten In One" finely described in chapters I-V. When they leave their hill-top coverts Because of Its verl!latilityl and descend to the frontier markets, The Multiplex Hammond does "what a procession it is of black, everythjnll any other typewriter wUI weighted, nude-limbed, chattering creatures! How furtively they look do. and besidlJs. it you "Just turn the at you as they crouch beneath their knob" you ca.n chanp:e from one style of type. or trom one language, to anbaskets, arms hanging free, and other. Note the above specimen sword held firmly in the right hand (slightly reduced) all wriuen OR the ready to strike." After bartering SA ME fIIachin4. their jungle goods comes the feast. "There are caldrons of greasy pork, No Other Typewriter Can Do Thi. stuffed roast puppies, smoking No matter who mountains of coarse rice, and huge tubs of beer. But over this unsavory you are. tDhlJt you repast and subsequent carousal let us are, Olt whtlr. you draw the curtain." are. the Multiplex Hammond Is the The British Government found the Garos too near their capital for ~!t}nJu~o.ci:l~ comfort, as they had a way of descending upon the plain, and when the coupon for they had not been supplied with suf- tree folder. ficient "preservation of the head" money they would massacre the land- Also a PORTABLE Model holders, "collect vast numbers of their relatives and neighbors round Full capacity. Weight ..bout 11 pounds. the reeking heads; and filling thes.e Ask for special fOlder. MaUed free. with wine and food, would eat, drink and dance, chanting songs of tri- Inquire about apecial t.rma umph. The heads were then buried, to profe••ionat. to be dug up later, cleansed of their putrid flesh and hung up as trophies ____________ _Free Fo'der____________ _ in the houses of their slayers." In order to reduce such savages to THE HA.MMOND TYPEWRITER CO. civilized men, fearless David Scott in 1823 began for the government the 577 E••t 69th St.1 New York City. educative program, and in one of the frontier schools. three Garos were Please send free Folder to: N~e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ Ad~8 _~_________________ O~p.UOD ___________________ (Continued on page 842) Please mention THE; MISSIONARY RE;V1E;W OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers

MISSIONARY

Correspondence Courses Continued OF educated and became the first fruits of Garo Missions, as well as pioneers Union Bible Seminary in teaching the hillmen. The thril- ling story of Omed, Ramke and WESTFIELD. INDIANA Rangku, is wonderfully told. All were resourceful evangelists after the Have been studied by over 12.000 ministers. "man-cub" in them was developed missionaries, Sunday School workers and into earnest, trusting, Christian char- interested believers in the Premillennial acter. The beginning of the work of Second Coming of Christ. the Baptists for Garos dates really from Feb. 8, 1863, when five were SERIES I baptized, including Omed and TWENTY LESSONS IN BIBLE PROPHECY Ramke, Rangku being baptized three covering in a general way Bible History and Prophecy from years later. Genesis to Revelation. The story of the Christian develop- SERIES II ment of Assam is told in the latter TWENTY LESSONS IN REVELATION half of the book, an inspiring section of the modem Book of Acts. The or An exceedingly plain and reasonable interpretation this diffi~ reader follows Bronson and Stoddard in their early touring as they blaze cult book. trails for the Gospel; we see the Our Method.–8end One Dollar for either course, and a epoch-making Mason and Philips, leason sheet will be sent to your address weekly for 20 weeks. with their wives, starting stations and No further corres:Rondence necessary. un1eas you desire to ask doing the first things in that series questions, for which no charge is made. of manifold activities,-educational, E:wm.mations are optiona.bJe and charge 26c. medical, literary, industrial and DiplomGIJ granted for satisfaotory results. ecclesiastical,-which they and their S.unple••-Th. first sheet and prospectus of either course successors employed to transform the sent free on request. jungle into a paradise and wild men Students ean begin at any time and can study singlyor in classes. into Pilgrims and Evangelists and Pastors find it helpful to keep yuung people inter.oted in Bible more than one Greatheart. The 164,- study. Address 000 Garos have already done enough to make the beginnings effected pro- UNION BIBLE SEMINARY phetic of what the 5,777 church mem- bers will do to evangelize their fel- WESTFIELD. INDIANA lows. They have read Acts 8:4 and go everywhere "prattling the Word." Old Bibles As the author says: "They are Re-Bound equipped not only by their mountain segregation from the wasting curses Haven't you often wanted that old of. the plains, but also by many Bible re-bound-that old Bible with all customs followed in common with its associations and sentiment? You other Mongolians, which help to have wondered where you could have make them winsome and effective missionaries." This last and best . the work done and perhaps you have "jungle book" is worth reading for you and for your children. thought the price would be prohibitive. B. The rebinding of Bibles requires the work- manship and aervices of men who have made Some Aspects of International Christi- . a specialty of this kind of work. You can anity. By Dr. John Kelman. 167 have your Bible expertly rebound in leather pa·ges. New York. The Abingdon or doth. Press. $1.00 net, 1920.

Send me your Bihle by parcel post insured While Dr. Kelman does not claim – I will send you an estimate of the coat to have the knowledge of an expert subject to your approval before the work i. in international affairs, he has what done. (Continued on page 843) R. H. HOWLAND 156 Fifth Ave., New York Please mention THJt MISSIONARY RJcVIUW o' 'l'Hl WORLD in writing to advertisers

LIBRARY Tilling the soU in the fieJds

Haran. Northern Mesopotamia Continued The UNDERWOOD is of equal importance, an insight LECTURE SERMONS into the needs and hopes of men. He believes in the vitality of the Visualize true to Life Real Scenes. Buildings. principles of Christianity and their Customs and r eoples throughout the World, continuing power to mould even such -impersonal things as governments. bringing an aucience into intimate relation with the acti, ities of the inhabitants of all Countries The first chapter appeals to men to rededicate themselves to advance on and Climes: the uncertain future. even though by untrodden ways. The man who fails Bible Lands Asia now would break the unity of Popular Hymns history. He must look upon the sor- lJIustrated Songs Africa row stricken fields of earth and study Oceania the social unrest until he can think Art Lectures Boy Scouts dearly upon the grave problems it Nature Study, Birds. etc. Freedom in Evolution North America (6 periods—51 to 57 presents. South America slides. etc.) The second chapter is a study of Europe the relation of Patriotism to Christi- ~nity, and the third chapter ably dis- Recent Additions .cusses individual and national moral- ity. The fourth chapter deals with Poland and Czecho-Slovakia jugo-Slavia, Ukthe League of Nations as an unique raine and Lithuania. The Life of Christ in Art, conception. "The hour of history The Passion Play. The Birth of Our Nation. and the conditions of the world are unique and the arrangements which MAKE YOUR BOOKINGS NOW must be made for these must be equally so." Lecture Sets For Sale Dr. Kelman is admirable in his We'lffiust make room for the constantly growchallenge, so to speak. to thos.e who ing number of new sets, and are therefore offerwould charge him with dreams of Utopia and calls his readers' attention . ing a number of complete lecture sets at Y3 less to the words of Cleon that Paul's doctrine "could be held by no sane than regular prices. man." As a matter of fact the ideas thought of as wild and insane Eend for particulars of our special over-stock in one age are more alive in the next clearance offer. 51ides at 25c each in lots of than the "safe and sane" policies so 10, 25, 50 and 100 on many countries and subardently championed. jects.

The chapter on Statesmanship in Lanterns and Grapholcope Molion Picture Proiectou. Foreign Mission Work will be strikingly interesting not only to those UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD who are intimately concerned with missions, but to the general reader Dept. M. R. as well, because of the insight into the significance of this often misun- 417 Fifth Avenue New York derstood work.

The last chapter -"Britain to America"-uses tactful yet eager words to wipe awav all our differences. Surely every fair minded student of history will follow Dr. Kelman's thought with enthusiasm when he asserts that England has long been fighting for the cause of liberty which is the common mission of the Anglo-Saxon race.

(Continued on page 844) Please mention TH. MISSIONARY RlcVIlCW Og l'H:C WORI.D in writing to advertisers GET THIS ILLUSTRATED MISSIONARY LIBRARY BOOKLET TODAY-ONLY 16e Continued Ridding the World of Leprosy The Rebirth of Korea. By Hugh Heung-wo Cynn. 12mo. 272 pp. By w. M. DANNER $l.50 net. The Abingdon Press, New York and Cincinnati. Every Christian should read this succint account of the great problem which concerns The Principal of the Pai Chai the Protestant Clturch especially today. It Haktang School of Seoul, Korea, gives in a nutshell, facts that many would gives in this volume a very vivid like to k.low: How the Mission to Lepers but temperate description of the Works-Restoring to Helpfulness-Saving Korean independence movement. the Untainted Children-Curing the Incur- Mr. Cynn is a Christian, educated able-How it can be Done. in the University of California and has been in close contact with the 48 pages, paper covers-containing Japanese educational authorities. colored map showing distribution of He shows himself to be a thorough Leprosy in the World. Christian, as well as an intelligent and self-denying patriot. We have Sent postpaid-15c per copy seen no clearer description of the independence movement than that ADDRESS given in this volume which, though written from the Korean viewpoint The American Mission to Lepers and naturally not sympathetic with Japanese aspirations, acknowledges 156 Fifth Ave. New York the benefits of Japanese administra- tion. These improvements and re- "Oh! For a Thousand Tongues forms may have benefited the Ko- reans, materially, but they have not to Sing been pro!llpted by unselfish mo- tives on the part of the Japanese. My Dear Redeemer's Praise" Twenty times as much proportion- ately has been spent for Japanese A practical way of fulfilling education in Korea, as for the eduthis desire is offered through cation of the Koreans. While in the Japanese schools 65,000 Ko- The American Christian rean children have been accommo- Literature Society for Moslems dated, these advantages have been available for only one out of 250 REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D., of c."o, p…;den! of the Korean population. Over 34,000 Japanese children have been ROBERT Eo SPEER, of New Yor~ Vice~President provided for in the Japanese schools which have been able to DELAVAN L. PIERSON, of New York, Vice-Preaident provide for more than one in ten of the Japanese settlers in Korea. Islam does not see the glory of the Incarnation, the Atone- • Among the valuable features of ment and the Holy Trinity, and this volume are the translations of the Korean documents, including denies the integrity of the the Declaration of Independence, the Letters of Protest to the J ap- Scriptures. anese, the demands for reforms There is, hawever, a new spirit drawn up by missionaries, and the of inquiry everywhere and text of Japanese-Korean treaties.

Mohammedans are eager for Noone can read this history the Christian message. without being moved with the The Literature published by keenest sympathy for Korean pa- triotic ambitions and the deepest the Society is evangelical and indignation against Japanese ofadapted to the Moslem mind. ficials, and without realizing the It goes even where no mission- ( Continued on page 845) aries are allowed.

Fund. ore urgently needed to preach the GOllpel to Mohammedans through the printed paNe Se…l gift. to MRS. E. E. OLCOTT7 Treasurer~ 3!! West 75th St., New York Write for informa.tion to MRS. JAMES MDNTGOMERY,Sec'y, Bos888,Ne"Yo,kC;!y Please uit:ntion THlt MISSIONARY R:t;VII;W OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers MISSIONARY LIBRARY They Have Contznued Tested It possibilities of development in edu- "I feel that lam not adequately qualified to cated Christian Koreans for self- teach the lesson until I have studied it in the government. We heartily recom- Times. It contains the best and ablest helps mend this volume to all interested that I can find." in the progress of Korea. A West Virginia Pastor. The Negro: An American Asset. A Study by Rev. S. ]. Fisher, 12mo. "I use constantly your reading suggestions 186 pp. 60 cents cloth, 30e paper. on the le.son, and feel that I cannot get alons Presbyterian Board of Missions without them; in fact, I do not see how I for Freedmen. Pittsburg, Pa. 1920. could be a Sunday school superintendent at all without the co-operation of The Sunday It is difficult for most pt;ople to School Times." think of the Negro without pre;- udice. Either they are influenced A Tennessee Superintendent. by affection for some good colored "mammy," or by bitter antagonism "I have been able to get a number of our because of dislike for ignorant and people to take The Sunday School Times and criminal Negroes, or by pity for a it is a ble.sed experience to watch them grow downtrodden, handicapped race. Dr. in grace and in the knowledge of our Lord Fisher writes dispassionately and Jesus Christ. Your allegiance to the gospel from first hand knowledge. He de- fundamentals is assuredly refreshing and scribes the history of the Negro in strengthening in the atmosphere of dou bt and America, the religious and home uncertainty that is so prevalent. t, life today, the political, industrial and educational problems and the A Wisconsin Pastor. outlook for the future. The Negro is a liability or an asset in propor- "I am teacher of the Bible class in a little tion as he is kept in a wholesome country church. Seven of the memhers of environment, is trained for useful my class have subscribed for The Sunday service and is brought into prac- School Times and I look forward with rare tical Christian experience. Dr. pleasure to our weekly talks on the lesson Fisher's volume is adapted for a because I feel that your paper will be an intext book, with questions on each spiration to them, as it has been to me, in chapter. It is worthy of study for getting at the heart of each lesson." it deals with a very pressing problem in an up to date and intelligent A Virginia S. S. Teacher. way. Will You Test It—Right Now?

Not only for yourself-do that, anyway- but why not send it to a few friends? Why not speak at once to some of your fellow workers in the Sund.ay school, and let them know that they too can have Foreign Missions Conference Report. or 1It weeks for 25 ten(s–Qur "Get-Acquaint. Edited by F. P. Turner. Pamphlet 75 cents. 25 Madison Ave., New ed" offer which thousands have accepted? York. 1920. …. And this means receiving ."ery week for The Annual Foreign Missions Conference brings together about 10 weeks the best work of a dozen four hundred missionary specialists t.rained specialists on the study and ,l' each year for a three days' conference. The printed report contains teaching of the International Im- <C> the papers, addresses, reports and business transacted. The meeting proved Uniform· Lessons, with .,0< last January dealt particularly with a wealth of other articles of International and Interchurch co- absolutely vital concern to >v0 operation with German missions, "".<> the war and missions, women's ..'" the Christian of today. work, politics and missions, un- This coupon is for <" THE SUNDAY occupied fields and the Christian. o~<> SCHOOL TIMES message. The statistics and direc- -t your convenience. COMPANY . (Continued on p. 846) ..0. 1031 Walnut St., Philadelphia ; ..-.c– For the U ew.ta enQloooo. lleese ~~o; to~~% ~:kS St~nday School T1mes ~ ….e/' N ame________ — ___________________ Add ress. _______________________________.

Please mention THI M'SS'ONAIIY Rsvmw 011 THI WORl.D ·in writing to advertisers For a concise, vivid and MISSIONARY LIBRARY authentic account of the (Continued trom p. 845) Japanese Administration in Korea tory of societies a.re now published in a separate volume-the "Foreign Japanese Policy in Korea Missions Year Book." (Price $1.00). The Rise of Democratic and Nation- alistic Spirit Among the Koreans Social and Religious Life of Italians in. America. By Rev. E. C. Sartorio, READ 8vo. 149 pp. $1.00. Christopher Publishing House, Boston. 1920. The Rebirth of Korea An Italian view of Italians in The Reawakening of the People: Its Causes Ilnd America is sure to be of interest. Mr. Sartorio is a Protestant Chris- the Outlook tian, and gives a clear picture of life in Italian colonies, the influ- By HUGH HEUNG-WO OYNN. ence of America on the immigrants. Principal Pai Ch80i Ha.k:tang, Seoul, Korea mission work among them and methods by which Italians may "The entrance into English literature, and be- best be approached. As a minister fore the American public, of the Korean who of the Protestant Episcopal Church wields such a facile and trenchant pen, is an event Mr. Sartorio naturally pays esof no small importance in the literary and politi- pecial attention to the work of ·that ca.l, as well as the religious world. One of the Church. It is worth while to set> elements of strength and durability, is the chast- Italians in America through thi~ ened self-control of the writer. The book is clear sighted author's eyes. bound to be an epoch-maker and to bring the Baptist Missions in the South. 12mo. ~~~~~~(>~~fJ::~n:~~~~~~«~~egri~~.Pinion to 205 pp. 55 centS. cloth.

Illustl ated. Net, $1.50, postpaid Country Churches in the South. 12mo. (Price subject to change without notice) 207 p. 60 cents, cloth.

AT THE BETTER BOOK SHOPS The Call of the South. 12mo. 222 pp_ 60 cents cloth. THE ABINGDON PRESS By Victor 1. Masters. Home Mission Board of the Southern (P.unded 1789) Baptist Convention Atlanta. Georgia. 1919. New York Cincinnati Chicago BOlllon P.hl.barah San Fra!ll"isco These three volumes offer tht> Detroit Kansas City basis for a practical and compre- hensive study of Christian work in Portland~ Ore., Salesroom the Southern States. They have been prepared by the Superintend- GORDON ent of Publicity of the Southern Baptist Convention as text books Bible for Home Mission study classes. As such and for their general in- College formation they have value.

T HEOLOGICAL. Missionary. Reli- o Hana San-A Girl of Japan. By gious-Educational College course of 4 years. college degree of T. B. Grad- Constance A. Hutchinson. Illus- uate school of Theology. 3-year course trated 12mo. 160 pp. 2s. net Church graduate degree of B. D. Two-year Missionary Society, Lond.on, 1919. collegiate training course. Interdenom.. inational. Of full college and graduate The romance a.nd oddities of grade. with a wide range of studies. per- child life in Japan are woven into meated by a remarkable evangelical this story of a Japanese girl who spirit. Notable faculty and student came under Christian influence and body. New and beautiful fireproof was thereby transformed. It is a buildings. with dormitories. Organized good book for girls, combining in- religious work. Self-support. For cat- formation as to Japan with the alog and correspondence address interest attached to Oriental life and the inspiration of Christian NATHAN R. WOOD, President influence. Gordon Bible College Boston, Mass.

Please mention TH~ MISSIONARY bYlaw or 'rRI WenD in writiq to adTertUera MISSIONARY PERSONALS The Canton Christian DR. JAMES L. BARTON, Secretary of the College American Board of Commissioners for Is in urgent need of money with: which to carrv on its work in the in- Foreign Missions, was elected permanent terest of all the missions.

chairman of the International Congrega- Fifty-seven per cent of the expenses are met by the receipts from the . tional Council. '" '" students so that about forty-three DR. ANDREW C. MURRAY, General Sec- per cent constitutes the annual def- icit. Of this annual deficit only retary of the Nyassaland Mission, has about ten per cent is derived from interest on invested funds, including come to America for a period of three endowment, while nearly ninety per cent must be raised annually in or four months to awaken interest in direct gifts from individuals, branches of the General Association of the opening Portuguese territory to mission- College, church sessions, Sunday Schools and missionary societies. ary effort. .. '" . The danger is that if at the end of the year the annual deficit is not REv. EDWIN F. LEE, D. D., of the Board covered by gifts, then there is a real deficit which amounts to a set of Foreign Missions of the Methodist back. This is the case just now with the College. Everyone can do some- Episcopal Church has been elected Asso- thing and every gift is gratefully received, from a one cent postage ciate Secretary, with Europe and North stamp up to a million dollars toward the endowment fund. But why stop Africa as his special field. there? At present put of a popula- tion of 35,000,000 in the two Kwang * '" .. Provinces there are only 1,500 boys and girls in Christian high schools, DR. MARY STONE, the well-known Chi- and in college. One-third of these are in Canton Christian College. nese woman physician, has been offered Write for information on how to the deanship of a Union Nurses' Training interest children and grown-ups in missions and how to become a col- School about to be opened in Shanghai, lecting or contributing member of the General Association of the Colunder the auspices of several American lege and be sure to read the article in this number of the Missionary Mission Boards. Review by Mahlon H. Day.

REV. S. B. ROH'"OLD*, *Superintendent of Trustees of the the Presbyterian Mission to the Jews in Canton Christian College Toronto, has accepted a call to under- 156 Fifth Ave., New York take the work of organizing a Bible School in Palestine, under the direction of the London jew's Society.

* .. '"

BISHOP W. R. LAMBUTH, of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, South, sailed for the Orient with a party of missionaries in July. * ….

DR. WIUIAM C. STURGIS, Educational Secretary of the Protestant Episcopal Board of Missions, is devoting a year of study to every aspect of the mission field. He expects to visit Italy, India, Siam, Ceylon, Burma, the Philippines, China and Japan.

REV. JOHN E. *RO'B" IN'S" ON, D. D., mis- sionary bishop of the Methodist Church in India from 1904, has retired from ac- tive service but will continue to reside in India.

MR. AND MRS. '" F.'" S.* BROCKMAN have recently returned from the special mis- sion to Japan, China and Korea, to help forward the Young Men's Christian As- sociation work in those countries.

MR. MYRON A.'" C'L" AR'"K, pioneer secre- tary of the Y. M. C. A. in South America and oldest in continuous service on the staff, died suddenly May 16, shortly after his return to Rio de Janeiro.

*** BISHOP FRANK W. WARN>;, of Luck- now, India, was able to reach America to attend the General Conference only by signing articles of agreement to work as an oiler in the engine room of a freight steamer. The Bishop arrived in New York May 6, and received $57 for his services, which he distributed among the other members of the engine room force.

Please mention THJt MISSIONARY RI!VI.W OI' 'tHI! WonD in writing to advertiaeta The Religious Press As a subscriber to religious magazines you are keenly appreciative of their value to you, to our country and to the church. They are the one class of publications which carry the message of righteousness as the dominant theme. They are one of Christianity's greatest forces-the printed page at work for God and men, week in and week out, year after year.

There are hundreds of thousands of readers of religious magazines. These readers are-like yourself-the backbone of our nation-the one class of peopJe whose chief thought is to make the world a better world-a Christian world. Think of the influence of the printed page carrying the vital message of Christ to these thousands of earnest persons.

Like other publications, religious magazines carry advertising as a business proposition for the revenue adverti,;ing brings, but unlike other publications, the religious press carries advertising for the sake of others also-for the benefit ofthe reader-yes, and for the benefit of the advertiser. This magazine solicits and accepts only that class of advertising which is worthy of encouragement -it maintains a standard of excellence designed to protect the reader, the advertiser and the magazine.

Those of you who place advertising have a great market to be reached through the religious press. Those readers who buy, will fmd it worth their while to spend a few moments in those "cozy corners" in the front and back of the magazine-the advertising pages.

If you want to buy advertising, or want to buy something you don't see advertised in this magazine write to the TIlE MISSIONARY Advertising Manager The Missionary Review of the World ~~WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue Member of the Religious New York Press Department of the Associated Advertising Clubs of the World.

PIeue mea.tioa. TB. MtSSION'AllY Rsvucw all l'HlC WORLD in writing to advertisers

Sacrament of the Lord's

gains in dignity, devotion, solemnity and impressiveness through the consciousness of its being served in cups that are absolutely sanitary, and free from the dangers that are associated with public drinking-cups.

The Holy Communion There is no time in the Christian's life when he comes into closer and more intimate relationship with the Divine than when he sits at the Lord's table. The Christian examir:es himself and looks forward to the sacrament of communion as a season of blessing. Why not apprcach its celebration with unalloyed joy; dis- carding all fears; thinking only of the wonde~ful privilege? .

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The Missionary Review of the World — June 1920

XLIII NUMBER

THE MISSIONARY EW.{h1e ': JUNE, 1920 A TRAGEDY—AND THE GRACE OF GOD.

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Review of the World fA,,.,. DELAVAN 1.. PIERSON, CONTENTS FOR JUNE. 1920 Frontispiece-Spring Time in Tokyo EDITORAI. CO'UUSNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48~ A Call from Abyssinia The New Morccco Stirrings in Guatemala Objections to Church Union in India A Blot on America's 'Scutcheon Christian. 'Americanization Programs Student Volunteer Movement Changes The Antidote to Radicalism A Tra&,edy-And the Grace of God ……..•…….•…………….. By A. Caroline Macdonald 499 The Proposed Union of Eastern Churches A Centennial and Jubilee in Hawaii …………………………………. By Belle M. Brain 506 Among the Jews in the Holy Land ………………………………… By Sabeti B. Rohold 517 Witeb Doctors and Missionaries in the Sudan ……………………………. By D. S. Oyler 523 A Fortieth Anniversary ……………………………………… By Ellen Coughlin Keeler 526 Elevating the Women of Africa •.•…•…•••…..•.••..•.••.••..••••.. By Mrs. W. C. Johnston 530 On the Persian Border of Afghanistan ••…•……•.•.•••..•…•…… By' Dwight M. Donaldson 533 Training the Church of Tomorrow •.••………•………•….•……•…•. By Wm. A Brown 537 Te:u:hing the Bible in Korea ……………………………………………………… 540 Problems of Evangelization in India …………………………………… . By H. A. Popley 543 Linking the School to the Missionary ………………………………… By Samuel D. Price 547 The Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin ……………………. Edited by Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer 549 News from Many Lands ••.•••••••.••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••..•••.••••..•••.• "'…. SS3 The Missionary I.,ibrary ••…•..•••.•..••••••••••••..••••••••.•••••.••.•••••••••••.•…••..• 568 THB MISSIONARY RBVIBW PUBLISHING COMPANY., Inc.

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OF THE SPRINGTIME IN

JUNE, 1920

XLIII SIX A CALL FROM ABYSSINIA T HE most difficult lands and peoples to reach with the Gos- pel of Christ are naturally those that think that they have no need of further light. The Jews will not hear because they have the Old Testament and the Talmud; the Moslems refuse to listen because thpy think Mohammed superior to Christ and the Koran more fully inspired than the Bible. Th€l Oriental Christian sects have not welcomed evangelical messengers because they have considered themselves already Christians. Many of these have a name to live and are dead; they show little if any evidences of spiritual life. One of the difficult fields is Abyssinia.

"No one who has studied the missionary occupation of north~ eastern Africa," says Dr. Zwemer, of Cairo, "can hesitate as to the vast possibilities of Abyssinia. Among the unoccupied fields of the world, Abyssinia has long been a challenge. Whole tribes that were once Christian, and still bear Christian names, have become Mohammedan within· the past two decades. The situation is positively alarming. Islam is steadily penetrating into hitherto Christian districts, and making superficial progress among the restless tribes. Altogether, Abyssinia with its 200,000 square miles may have a population of between nine and ten millions. The country consists for the most part of extensive table-lands 6,000 feet above the sea, with mountains which attain to 10,000 and 12,000 feet. The whole country presents the appearance of having been broken up by upheavals and the mountains assume wild, fantastic forms. The principal rivers are tributaries of the Nile, and would form the natural lines of communication with the Sudan and Egypt.

"Religious intolerance and political jealousy have together closed Abyssinia to the Gospel messenger for centuries. There is a ready entrance for the Christian evangelist, but the oppos~tion 489

of the debased priests of the Abyssinian Church and the drastic punishmentS: inflicted by Abyssinian authorities on those who are suspected of favoring another form of Christianity are great hin- drances. " ~ But today there are clear signs of awakening in Abyssmia.

For years the rulers have been unwilling to receive Christian evangelical missionaries. The Swedish Evangelical Mission has been at work among the Gallas at Addis Ababa with some success and the 'British and Foreign Bible Society has in recent years opened the way to the hearts of the people. The sale of the Scriptures has been followed by remarkable results. Many nominal Moslems have turned to Christ and through the Swedish Evangelical Mis- sion a remarkable religious movement in the interior has taken_ hold of the Moslem population, so that in the last six years some 10,000 are said to have been baptjzed into the Christian Church.

The apostle of this movement is an ex-Sheik, Zaccaria, who changed his name to Noaye Kristos, a person of great influence in Sokoto.

The movement is evangelical and has sprung from the distribu- tion of Scriptures by the British and Foreign Bible Society.

A few years ago the Rev. Thomas Lambie and Mr. McCrory of the Sudan Mission of the United Presbyterian Church were at Nasser, a town near the border, when an Abyssinian General and his Staff- called to ask for some medicine. The General also accepted a Bible and asked: "Why do you not come into Abyssinia to teach us and to heal our sick . . . we will treat you well and will give you a delightful place to live."

As a result of this appeal money was given to begin work in Abyssinia and Mr. Lambie and a negro colporteur visited the oountry and received a hearty welcome. The General offered a sit9 on the mouutain if the missionaries would establish a hospital there. Four calls have come for an evangelical mission in Abys~ sinia-three more than were required to take Paul to Macedonia.

There are millions of pagans in Abyssinia and millions more who have only a distant and indistinct knowledge of Christ. It is a country of small villages and hamlets. The important towns are few and of small size,-Gondar 5,000, Adua 3,000, A~is Ababa, the present capital, 35,000, and Harrar 40,000. The railway re- cently completed from the coast to. the capital is an open highway, not only for trade, but for Christian influence and the future mes.- senger of the Gospel. The field offers many points of contact with the Coptic Church of Egypt and the Protestant community. No unevangelized field has a more romantic past and a stronger ap- peal to the Christian imagination. The people are awakening to their need of a better way of life and a clearer knowledge of God.

A deputation from Abyssinia came to America last summer,

EDITORIAL COMMENT

bringing gifts and greetings to President Wilson, and an expres- sion of desire for closer fellowship with this country. How soon will American Christians respond with a Mission to Abyssinia, carrying the fuller message of light and life through Christ and the open Bible!

THE NEW MOROCCO S OME remarkable economic transformations have taken place within the past few years in Morocco. The war diverted . attention from the changes in progress there under the French administration, but did not seriously interrupt the work of transformation. M. Alfred de Tarde, editor of "France-Marco," tells some of the facts in The Geographical Review. He says: "When France took up the work of political and economic organiza- tion everything remained to be done-restoration of the disordered administration; establishment of the bases of economic develop- ment; installation of medical, educational and other service; reform of the land system.. At the same time peace had to be assured and a rebellious population pacified by the combined applicatioJl of force and persuasion.

"The task was rendered more difficult by the European war. There was a call for immediate abandonment of all the country except the coasts. But General Lyautey, with a clear outlook on the future, despatched to France the forces summoned for national defense, guaranteeing to hold Morocco with the remainder. Not only has Morocco remained peaceable during the war but the zone of pacification has been extended. Today the occupied area exceeds 250,000 square kilometers, whereas at the outbreak of the war it was 180,000 square kilometers. "

Step by step the borders o~ the "pacified" area have been pushed forward by troops which build roads and bridges, railways and telephone lines for the benefit of the native population, and which include in their ranks masons, carpenters, laborers, farmers, teachers and doctors.

Casablanca is now provided with a fine, commodious harbor and its traffic is growing rapidly. When Casablanca is joined by rail with Oran and Tangier it will afford European travelers the means of shortening by several days the journey between the Old W,orld and Central and South America. Great progress has been made in the construction of highways, which, with the in- troduction of automobiles, have beeu one of the chief factors in opening up the country. The French authorities have devoted . much attention to town planning, and with the help of an expert the tendency of the European town growing up beside the native town is to overshadow, and finally to replace its predecessor. To avoid this sequence General ~yautey laid down a rule that the

native and the European towns shall be separated, a plan adopted by the English in India. The policy is in accord with moral and hygienic principles. In an intimate mixture of two such dissimilar civilizations it is rather the vices than the virtues that flourish in the Moroccan towns, with their narrow, dirty, ill ventilated streets. In the town plans of the future the first care will be to set aside a strip of ground separating the European and native sections, and on this strip all buildings will be prohibited.

With the example of European colonists before their eyes, the natives are rapidly adopting modern agricultural methods and machinery; agricultural experiment stations and other agencies are introducing new crops, better adapted to the soil and climate than the old; stock-breeding is being encouraged. The next and most important step for Morocco is for the French to guarantee religious freedom and for Christians in America and England to strengthen missionary work.

STIRRINGS IN GUATEMALA F OR TWENTY-TWO years Guatemala, a Central American republic about the size of New York State, has been under the control of one president, Don Manuel Estrada Cabrera, very much as Mexico was under the control of Diaz. The unrest and desire for release from despotism that has aroused other na- tions has also taken possession of Guatemala; and in March last the Cabrera Government was overthrown. Mr. Walter McDougall, the treasurer of the Missionary Review Publishing Company and Mr. Dwight H. Day, the treasurer of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, were in Guatemala City with other delegates to the Central American Mission Conference when the revolution broke out. Cabrera fled to his summer palace outside the capital and mobilized the army but in vain. A crowd of 30,000 people made a demonstration against the government officials; and stu- dents drew up and signed an address demanding certain reforms.

The soldiers fired on the demonstrators, killing some, but when cameras were turned on the soldiers they fled to avoid the incrim- inating evidence. The city was bombarded by Cabrera's forces and some damage was done, but in a brief time his government was overthrown, Cabrera fled and new rulers were installed in office.

The demands of the Unionist or Revolutionary party included the following reforms: .

1. A new ministry and civil service officials.

2. Abolition of graft and favoritism in government circles.

3. Compulsory and universal education.

4. The suppression of crime.

5. The enforcement of the law against public religious pro- cessions and against public worship except in church buildings.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

6. The abolition of forced labor by Mozos. 7. Adequate laws for protection of the working classes. There is hope that a brighter day has dawned for Guatemala, both politically and spiritually. Not only have the people been aroused to demand better government, but they are more eager than ever before for education, and many are ready to receive evangelical Christian truth. One' of the Guatemalan Christians told of one town of 5000 people who had accepted evangelical teachings and were ready to enter the Christian Church if only they could have proper leadership. As a result of the missionary conference, forward steps have been planned by the Pres'byterian Mission. The buildings destroyed by the earthquake two years· ago are to be rebuilt, new missionaries are to be sent out, work for the Indians is to be extend~d, a union mission press is to be established and a union mission paper published. This program will cost between $100,000 and $200,000, but the promises of the harvest fully justify the expenditure. Guatemala has been a neglected field. The difficulties are many hut are not insurmountable. There are ignorant Roman Catholics who oppose all evangelical work, but the masses are indifferent to and are ignorant of religion. The government is friendly to Protestant missions and the law provides for the free circulation of all literature through the mails.-Pray and give for Guatemala!

OBJECTIONS TO CHURCH UNION IN INDIA T HE MOVE toward ch~rch union in. India i~ ~ot without its strong opponents. While many Indian ChnstIans and some foreigners approve of the effort to unite even Anglican, Syrian and non-conformist Churches in one organization, there are those in influential positions who hold that this is neither desirable nor practical. The objections are similar to those raised against organic union in America. SOIDe of them are as follows: The ends to be attained are not as desirable as stated. Spiritual unity is most important and does not depend on organic union.

The move toward union is premature and not in harmony with the spirit of Indian thought and customs. India reveres religious men, but not ecclesiastical potentates, such as bishops.

The plans for the union of Episcopal and non-Episcopal Churches is one sided and practically amounts to the surrender of free church ideals. These plans involve many unsolved problems and pitfalls. The doctrinal basis of the proposed union is not sufficiently clear and positive, and involves elements that may promote discord.

The Ilhistoric Episcopate" and I'constitutional Episcopacy" referred to in the Tranquebar manifesto are not clearly defined and

no valid reason is given for preferring episcopacy to any other form of church government.

Organic union without true doctrinal agreement and spiritual unity may foment discord, rather than promote harmony.

These and other arguments show that there is some distance yet to go before Christians of India or elsewhere will be ready to lmite in one organized Church, even with certain latitude.

A BLOT ON AMERICA'S 'SCUTCHEON S IN IS SIN, and crime is crime, wherever they are found and by whomsoever they are committed. It is dastardly and inexcusable for Germans to torture and maltreat their enemies, for the Bolshevists to cruelly abuse the Russian bourgeois, for the Turks to murder the Armenians, for the Japanese to torture the Koreans. It is equally dastardly and inexcusable for the Americans to meet crime with crime by the torture and cruel lynching or burning at the stake of men of the Negro race. The crime with which some of these Negroes are charged is horrible and deserves the !;everest penalty, but this does not mitigate the guilt of those who meet barbarism with barbarism. Mobs break all the laws and restraints of civilization and disregard justice. The facts show that many Negroes who 'are lynched are only suspected of crime, that law is not allowed to take its course, that mob violence is unrestrained passion and that lynching neither remedies the wrong nor deters other men from committing crime.

Last year eleven Negroes were burned alive for alleged crime in the United States and seventy-three more were lynched by hanging, shooting, beating, cutting to pieces, drowning or some other barbarous method. Of these the charge against twenty-seven was murder and nineteen assaults or attEmpted assaults on white women. Some charges were as trivial as "altercation with a white man" and "not turning out of the road for a white boy in an auto."

There is need for an intensive and extensive campaign of education to instruct Negroes and to teach them self-control; and also to educate white men and women, not only in Georgia and Mississippi, but in Chicago and Kansas City. The solution of the race problem and of every other problem is Christian education. Americans need to set their own house in order and to clean the lilot on their own 'scutcheon if they are to undertake the work of correcting the evils that exist in Germany or Turkey or in Korea and China. Many plans are under way for improving the condition of the Negroes and for giving them the opportunities that all mankind should enjoy-to establish suitable homes and churches, to receive necessary education and to be treated with consideration and justice socially, industrially, politically and judicially.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

OHUROH AMERIOANIZATION PROGRAMS No LASTING benefit attaches to an Americanization program that is not a Ohristian program. If churches or Christian workers merely teach English, intellectual studies, athletics, sauitation, hygiene, social uplift and industrial betterment, they may do no more than increase the power of anarchists and crimiuals. It is not enough to develop minds and bodies. To make nil such work worth while it must not only be permeated with Christian idealism, but must have for its chief aim the leading of each individuhl to a personal surrender to Jesus Christ, as divine Lord und Saviour. This work depends for its success, not on patriotic motives or humanitarian sympathy, but on the power of the Spirit Df God.

How shall Ohristian churches help to do this needed work of making Ohristian citizens of all classes of foreigners? The Home Missions Council suggests (1) The right kind of preaching, study, investigation and prayer; (2) Better equipment for the work in churches, parish houses or rented halls; (3) Enlistment of pastors, Sunday-school workers, women, men and young people of the church in definite and intelligent Ohristian effort for foreigners in the neighborhood; (4) Classes can be formed in Sunday-schools, entertainments given, families visited, mothers' meetings held; (5) Help may be given to foreigners by Ohristian lawyers, doctors nurs~ es and teachers; (6) Recreation grounds may be opened, dispensaries established and clubs started in neglected districts.

But the Christian goal must ever be kept in view by the workers -the mauifestation of the Love of God through unselfish service, in ()rder to lead these men, women and children into the blessing of the friendship and salvation of Jesus Christ." To make this service dtectual each worker must be a devoted and intelligent follower of Christ.

STUDENT VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT CHANGES A FTER OVER thirty years of existence, the Student Volunteer . Movement has made a radical change in its organization. The Executive Committee recently adopted a plan by which students shall have a large representation on the Committee. The Student Volunteer Oouncil has been formed to consist of two representatives, a man and a woman, from all the Student Volunteer Unions in North America. These proposals 'Were first brought before the .Committee in February, 1919, and the first meeting of the Council was held at Wallace Lodge, Yonkers, New York, on April JO and 11: of the present year. Fifty-four delegates were present from Unions so separated geographically as California, New Eng- + Send for the pamphlet on "Americanization." printed by the Home Missions Council, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

land, Toronto and Texas. The Council reviews the work of the Movement, and suggests plans and methods for making its work more effective. It also nominates the student members of the Executive Committee, which has been enlarged from six to thirty members, and is composed of fifteen student volunteers, four repre- sentatives of the Student Y. M. C. A. and Student Y. WI. C. A., five representatives of Foreign Mission Boards and six delegates-atlarge.

A surprise to some and a loss to the wor.k comes in the resignation of Dr. John R. Mott from the Chairmanship of the Executive Committee on which he has served as chairman since the Committee was formed in 1888. Dr. J. Ross Stevenson, who has filled the office of Vice-Chairman most efficiently for twenty-two years, and has served on the Committee for twenty-five years has also resigned. To fill these vacancies Dr. Joseph C. Robbins, Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society, was elected Chairman and Mr. Charles S. Campbell, a graduate of Yale, was chosen Vice- Chairman.

PROPOSED UNION OF EASTERN CHURCHES As A RESULT of a proposal of the Lieutenant of the Oecumen- . ical Patx:iarchate of the Eastern (Greek) Orthodox Church of Constantinople in January, a special committee was appointed to consider the question of the union of the various Christian Churches, especially the union of the Eastern Orthodox, the Old Catholics and the Armenian (Gregorian) Churches. This Committee consists of the Metropolitans (Bishops) of Caesarea, Philadelphia, Elioupolis, Kirkilisa, the first Secretary of the Holy Synod and the Faculty of the Theological School at Halki.

The report of the Committee was approved by the Holy Synod on January 19th. It is, in part, as follows: "The Rapprochement and League (Union) of the various Christian Churches not only is not hindered by the existing dogmatic differences among them; on the contrary and in spite of them it is possible, and is to be 'Wished for and desirable, being necessary and in many ways useful for the best interests of the various denominations and of the whole of Christendom. As the first and indispensable condition of this desirable Rapprochement and Union, there must be put aside all the mutual distrust and ill feeling, caused from the tendency noticed in some of them to beguile and proselytize the followers of other confessions (denominations).

"Another condition is that there must be the vital interest for the well-being and strengthening of other churches also, which should not be considered as entirely strange and foreign, but rather they should be considered as akin and friendly in Christ.

"A third condition is the feeling of readiness and earnestness

19201 EDITORIAL COMMENT

in following up the happenings in the other churches, and thus learning more accurately their affairs; and also to lend them a helping hand and cooperation in their strivings for their own wellbeing.

"The acceptance by the other churches of the measure suggested we are sure would constitute the first step in their rapprochement, and this in time will greatly prepare the way to that desirable union for which the Church has ever been praying, having as its motto the last prayer of the Lord: 'I ask not only for these but also for those who are to believe in me through their 'Word, that they may all be one.' "

THE ANTIDOTE TO RADICALISM AND UNREST .

N EVER has there been such wide spread unrest in the world; so much suspicion; S'O much uncertainty; so much foreboding. Even the most optimistic find it difficult to view the future with confidence. Russia, with its 180,000,000 people, is still torn with strife and without any solid foundation. Germany is stirred hy revolution and counter revolution. Great Britain has not only her industrial and political problems at home but faces a most difficult situation in Ireland. Almost all Continental Europe is plunged into debt, into high prices, into socialism and disputes. Turkey is conquered but not controlled. The Allies are in Constantinople but Asia Minor and Syria are still the scene of fighting and massacre. Persia is strangled and almost dead. Mesopotamia and Arabia are claimed by one people and ruled by another. India is a seething mass, with Moslems, Hindus, Parsees and British seeking to control. Afghanistan is a threatening neighbor. China is flivided against itself and is seeking protection against an aggressive neighbor. Korea is in the grip of Japan, but struggling for liberty'. Japan herself faces industrial and political revolution with a demand for democratic government and economic justice. Many familiar with conditions predict another world war centered in Asia. In Mrica, Egypt and the Sudan are kept in control only hy the British military power and many other parts of the continent are in similar state. The mandates for the former German <lolonies in Africa and the islands of the sea are not yet in successful operation. In Latin America, Mexico is in the throes or another rebellion, Guatemala has just overthrown a president of iwenty-two years standing and many other republics know not what change or government tomorrow may bring. In North America, the newspapers of the United States are filled with reports of robberies, murders, strikes, anarchistic plots and uprisings. New York City is a hotbed of radical organizations and propaganda. Many business men predict a panic and everywhere there are signs that

the' Americans, like' other nations, have not learned the great lesson~ the war should have taught us.

n is a dark picture for those who look at the shadows. Is there then no light ~ Many are placing their hope in human nature and human institutions, in armies and navies, in better laws, in a League of Nations and internationalism, in social justice, and bet- ter industrial programs, in Americanization and secular education.

But our troubles all come from human failure and cannot be remedied by human experiments. At the root of all is selfishness and a fear that others will take for themselves what we wish for ourselves. The only light and power that will make the world brighter and better must come from Above. That Light must shine upon men in all lands and be reflected in human lives to brighten the lives of others:. .

To change the figure, the foundations of human society have been shaken, and men are struggling for another foothold. Bol- shevism or radicalism is the expression of dissatisfaction with exist- ing conditions and the under man's attempt to gain control. There is only one ground of hope and that is God as revealed in Jesus Christ and His message of Truth and Life. Self-sacrifice must take the place of selfishness, and service must crowd out indulgence; faith in Christ must displace faith in human institutions, a con- sciousness of the primacy of the spiritual must crowd out the grasping for material things; love must displace hatred and jealousy. Bolshevism and similar cults must be uprooted and something better planted or it will spread over the earth like witch- grass.

There is one class of people that holds the secret of the cure for Bolshevism, socialism, atheism, radicalism-whatever it may be called-and those are the men and women who live and proclaim the Gospel of Jesus Christ and undertake to educate the rising generation to know and follow Him. What a wondrous difference it would make if every boy and girl could be taught to accept the'

teachings of Jesus Christ and to surrender to His control! Chris- tian City Missions, Home Missions, Missions in every land are the program for humanity today. Christ himself must reign in the world before we may hope for any abiding peace and prosperity.

The work of regenerating mankind is too great a task for human agencies. God alone is equal to the undertaking.

RESULTS OF THE INTERCHURCH CAMPAIGN The Financial Campaign of the Interchurch World Movement resulted in pledges of about $173,000,000 out of the $338,000,000 which was set as. the goal. The "Friendly Citizens" failed utterly to respond giving only about $3,300,000 out of $47,000,000 in the budget. The Baptist Campaign has thus far reported $55,000,000 of its $100,000,000 fund. All the returns 'are inc()mplete but the disappointment in the financial campaign means that, the Interchurch Movement will greatly curtail expenditure and a plan is under consideration to reorganize the whole work. More will appear in regard to this in our next Dumber.

POSSIBILITIES IN JAPAN-SHALL THEY SERVE GOD OR THE

One hundred thousand juvenile delinquents are arrested annually in Japan. Shall these boy. be among them?

A Tragedy-And The Grace of God BY A. CAROLINE MACDONALD, TOKYO, JAPAN A FEW YEARS AGO in the city of Tokyo, there occurred a terrible tragedy which was destined to change the course of my whole life work. One night a quiet young Japanese man, with whom I was acquainted and who was trusted by the officials over him, committed a horrible murder. I went to the prison to visit the man and ,to bring him what help I could. He passed through a terIjfic spiritual struggle from which he came out steadied and strengthened to face whatever the future mig~t bring. So marvellous was the change in the man that a prison official borrowed his Bible and read it as he patrolled the prison corridor at night. This official became a Christian and was baptized. He said to me: "We are used to crime here but we never saw true repentance before."

This was the beginning of my work for Japanese prisoners. During the past" :five or six years I have visited' practically every man under condeIllllation of death in this prison and many of them have gone into the beyond with quiet hope.

One day a big, rough, outspoken jailor, a friend of mine with a 499

SHALL THE CHURCH OR THE PRISON WELCOME THE NEEDY IN JAPAN A recently built _prison for First Offenders in Tokyo kind enough heart when he understood, said to me, "Why do you waste your time coming to see people condemned to death? They cannot do any more harm. Why bother with them 1 You had much better confine your attention to those who are coming out again. " As a matter of fact I was doing both as best I could, but I tried to tell him what Christians thought about life, both here and in the hereafter.'

Very different was the comment of another and more thoughtful official, when talking of a man who had just died in triumphant faith. at the gallows. Just before this condemned man's life was taken he had written in a simple way the story of his life and of his conversion, and had left the manuscript. to me. "You will translate that story into English, will you not?" the official asked. He kn~ no English, so that request seemed an odd one, but he went on to explain: "People talk so much nowadays about the fundamental differences between the East and the West, their different psychology, their different makeup, and the inability of either to understand the other. Here we have had behind these prison bars a marvellous example to the contrary. Here we have had an. ignorant, uneducated man, steeped in crime from his childhood, with much of his life spent in prison and his life ended on the gallows. And what happened T One of another race, of another background and education and outlook, and a woman at that, touched him with the

A TRAGEDY-AND THE GRACE OF GOD

WHITHER SHALL THESE GO TO FIND THE SECRET OF SUCCESS IN LIFE? Some Japanese Day Laborers waiting for work universal message or God's love, and the man's soul awoke and he entered into Life. I want your people to know the story."

It is the "uttermosts" that test the sufficiency of Christ's evangel, and it is the gospel of Christ alone that makes possible a real internationalism.

Some time ago I sent a Bible to a man in prison, a Buddhist priest, who had received a death sentence for some atrocious crimes. A few months later when I went to see him I was told that the man was so desperate that he had smashed the iron bars of his cell and that it was not safe to have me see him. The official suggested that I write him and that I did at once. I gradually learned his life story from the letters that began to come to me. He was a man of education, had been or some standing in the priesthood, and had made a pilgrimage to Tibet. He had been a chaplain with the army at the time of the Russo-Japanese war. Drink had been his undoing, and he wrote down the harrowing details of the crimes into which drink and its attendant follies had led him. These letters make a rare study in comparative religion as they reveal the way in which the living Voice of Christ broke through the crust of a formal and hereditary religion after all hope had gone out or the man's soul.

He gradually quieted down and I was allowed to see him. Extra precautions had to be takeIl, however, and seven officials were

present where ordinarily there would have been only one. The man stood in the midst, hand- cuffed, but quiet and steady. He was the first to speak and he said with a sad pathos in his voice, "If I had known this teaching ten years ago, I should not have been here. " Two thousand years since the Christ came and still men do not know Him!

His last letter to me but one was about Peace. His last, a note writ- ten on the morning of his execu- tion, thanked me for what he said I had done for him. They told me afterwards that he had died in peace-this man who had erstwhile smashed iron bars, who was so desperate that he could nat be taken out of his cell, the man whom even the jailors had feared; this man had quieted at the touch of Ohrist.

The prison problem is not a problem in itself. It is only a symptom of disease in the body politic. Prison work is not a work TIME AND ETERNITY IN THE PRISON in itself. It is only a point of de- hCe]ociks ·l~ OChff:ii~tiaf nG°Th:O;i~tf uKTeoS:leJ:isG~~ parture for work which ramifies into every department of life. I Shepherd was presented by Miss MacDonald went to see a man in jail who was being detained, pending the decision of his case in the appeal court. His wife and only child were in the country at the time and I wrote to the Christian pastor there and put her in touch with some Christian people. Later the man was let out on bail in order to arrange his affairs and his wife came up to Tokyo t.o be with him.

Shortly afterward I received word that their little child had ·died, and a day or two later a frantic telephone message came that the wife was very ill and begging me to send a doctor. The woman grew worse and I was then asked to get her into a hospital. It is sometimes embarrassing to be thought omnipotent! It was a .difficult matter but I finally discovered a hospital that was willing to examine her if I could take her there. I borrowed a friend's motor and set out in state for the grubbiest part of the city. The

TRAGEDY-AND THE GRACE OF GOD

woman was carried to the motor on her husband's back, bundled in with her husband besides her and we sped on through the narrow streets, the observed elf all observers. Arrived at the hospital the disease was pro- nOUllced contagious, I and the motor and the chauffeur were disinfected and the woman was sent off to the isolation hospital.

By the next day the husband had taken the same disease and was sent to the same hospital.

He left word for me to let his lawyer know what had happened, for the poor fellow was only out on bail. A visit to the lawyer MRE.RSNHOIRROOSFUKKOES-TUHG!E'; PCRHISROISNT,IAJANPAGONV· opened up a new series of adventures which in turn .tapped other curious streams of life. The man and his wife finally re- covered and came to see me, thin and wan, but very thankful. They had both come along a weary road to the knowledge of God, through prison, through the sorrow of death, through pain and illness, but they had learned the 'Vay of Life. The m;;tn has since been ac- quitted by the court of Appeals and is now free both in body and in spirit to begin life over again. "Behold I have refined thee: I have chosen thee in the furnace of affliction."

Much of my time is spent in visiting the four or five prisons that are open to me in Tokyo. In the federal penitentiary alone, where the wa.rden is a Christian, I visit over one hundred men and see each one individually for I keep in mind that someday every man will come out and it is well to know his disposition, his back- ground and his tendencies so far as possible. It is a day's work to see a number of prisoners, each with his own problems and his own soul's agonies. It takes something out of one to try to help them to endure, and to endure with hope. It takes also three hours of the day merely to go and return, and half of that time on foot!

I seldom return from prison, from other visiting, or from school (for I teach in a women's college in Tokyo) but that I find.

people waiting to see me. Now it is a man just out of prison, or a mother or a sister or a wife of someone inside. A man con- templating suicide reads in the newspaper that someone' 'comforts"

men in prison, and he goes to the prison gate, asks my name and address and turns up at my house to he ~"comforted" also. Per-

KOSUGE; PRISON Interior of a Workshop- -Thc Governor is standing in the center feet strangers come with stories of the struggles of their own inner lives, or their family troubles and expect me to solve their problems.

One young lad, a bookbinder by tr~de, n{'rvous and overworked, walks in without ceremony and has to be quieted down by mpthods most .i~ediately effective. Once he was put forcibly to b€d that he might have some rest, .

. Then comes a quiet, thoughtful youth who has serious questions to ask about the problems of life and d.eath and who wins his way through into a steady faith and life of service for others.

A big fine looking fellow who had bem a man of affairs in IJis time, hut through misfortunes of his own making has come down in the world, comes in like a cyclone, and rails at the universe. I let him rail, for most of what he says is true and one might just as well face facts. He is now earning an honest living with his hands, cares for his two motherless little girls with the tenderness of a woman, and has thereby learned to know the care of God for us.

They come morning, noon and night, the weary and the worn and the sad, not always the poor and the ignorant, but always the needy. Tell me the Japanese are not wanting the gospel of Jesus Christl When the heart of Japan is touched she will be won and, I venture to say, not until.then.

Last Christmas, one huudred and fifty people came to my

A TRAGEDY-ANPTHE GRACE OF GOD 50S

house to celebrate the day. We took out all the partitions and put out all the furniture and sat on the matted fioor. There we were, '

prison official, policeman, gendarme,private detective, with th~ir wives and children, sitting cheek by jowl with ex-prisoners and; their families, the wives and mothers of men in prison, orchestra'

players who gave an entertainment, young lads from a department store who had previously taken possession of the house and decorated it, clerks from the Stock Exchange, one of whom ex- plained pictures of the life of Ohrist. There were other ordinary sinners like ourselves, all of us having at least one thing in common, namely, that none of us would have had any Ohristmas at all if we had not had it there together. .

Often I have been asked to go and get men our of prison and take them to my own home until I could find other friends for them. I have in mind men who have struggled and won and are living earnest Ohristian lives today, and I have known others for whom the battle has bee.n too keen.

I have touched here only the outer edge of the things that have come to me since the days of that first tragedy, but they indicate the opening of a whole new world of opportunities, hitherto untouched by Ohristian effort. These must be conserved for the further advancement of Ohrist's Kingdom in Japan.

Tokyo is the third city in the world in size and has all the modern problems that are vexing every nation but that are here greatly aggravated because of the extraordinarily rapid growth THJ;; INTJ;;RJOR OF A WORKINGMJ;;N' S I,ODGING HOUSE–TOKYO

of Japan's modern life and industry. In this great city of three million souls there is practically no Christian effort being made to .cope with the very serious social and industrial conditions that largely vitiate our attempts at direct evangelism. It is not a sub- merged one-tenth but more nearly a submerged one-half that con- cerns us in Tokyo, the largest city in the world unequipped with any adequate community betterment activities. The most acutely needy section, the one in which are focussed most of the problems that are menacing the life of the nation, and the one towards which the unfortunates inevitably drift, is the ward called Asakusa. Here, compressed within an area of less than two· square miles, is a population of 266,349. Within its boundaries is a large amusement park, 75 acres in extent, with 28 huge moving picture shows and 1heatres, through which, it is said, 50,000 people pass every night bent on various pleasures. Close by is the widely known and infamous Yoshiwara, a licensed prostitute district containing 30 acres of land, 228 houses and 2362 licensed women. These two places represent the dominant influences of the district. The ordinary people of the section are for the most part unskilled laborers, a class exposed more than any other, to temptations of every sort. Crime and juvenile delinquency abound. This is the section with which my work has brought me into closest contact.

The great need of these people for the blessings of the Gospel of Christ and the opportunities all ready at hand call for a large advance in our work in their behalf. Plans have been drawn up to take advantage of the contacts brought about through the ramifications of my prison work to establish in the heart of the district a well equipped community work, in which many will cooperate, based squarely on Christianity and interpreted by constructive service of the most practical kind. Such a center will stand as a social and spiritual lighthouse in the darkest spot in Japan, it will become athe training ground for Japanese social workers and may serve as model for subsequent enterprises of the same type. A group of prominent Japanese Christian men have already guaranteed to raise in Japan $75,000 towards the enterprise and a number of missionaries are also making practical efforts to llring the plan to fruition. Prominent Christian leaders in America have given the plan their enqorsement and recommend it to the boards for financial help. Careful estimates indicate that it will require a capital of about $300,000 to put the enterprise on a working basis. The cooperation of many will be needed, in xboney and in prayer, if God's obvious leadings are to be followed through the open door into this needy field of Japan's exploited classes. Will you cooperate with our Japanese fellow Ghristians to establish a fellowship among the weary and the heavy laden which shall have its center in the Cross of the serving Christ?

CITY OF HONOLULU AS IT LOOKS

A Centennial and A Jubilee in Hawaii BY BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK Author of' "Transformation of Hawaii," "Holding the Ropes," "Love Stories of Great Missionaries," etc.

T HE YEAR 1920 is marked by two anniversaries of importance in the Hawaiian Islands. One hundred years ago, on March 31, 1820, the brig Thaddeus, one hundred and :fifty-one days out from Boston, brought the :first missionaries to the islands. Fifty years ago, on June 15, 1870, at the jubilee celebration of this event, the American Board announced the completion of its work and Hawaii was formally declared to be a Christian nation.

In 1778 when Captain Cook discovered the island, he found there a race of degraded savages living in grass huts and worshiping idols. They had no marriage rite and were given over to every form of vice. Men had many wives and women many husbands. One woman, after she became a Christian, confessed that she had had forty husbands, usually several at a time.

They wore little or no clothing and nakedness caused no shame. While the Thaddeus stood at anchor in Kailua Bay, the missionaries invited the king to come on board and dine with them. One can imagine the shock to the re:fined senses of the cultured New England women when he arrived in a "narrow waist girdle, a green silk scarf thrown over his shoulders, a necklace of large beads and a crown of scarlet feathers!" Shortly aftel"Ward he came again with :five wives, all with practically no clothing. It was hinted to him that he would be more welcome in a more adequate costume, so neJ{t day he arrived in cocked hat and silk stockings!

507

Cannibalism was almost un- known in the Islands, but in- fanticide was so common that fully two-thirds of the children perished in this way. The women were lazy and pleasure-loving, and children were too great a care. If a baby was fretful it was not an uncommon thing for the mother to dig a hole in the mud floor of her hut, stuff the baby's mouth with rags to stiflle its cries, and bury it alive with- out a trace of emotion. After the advent of the missionaries, when the women came to a realization of their sin, they wept A SAMPLE OF OLD HAWAII bitterly for the children they What Hawaiians worshipped when the missionaries had murdered. lI1:any confessed that they had put to death six, arrived eight and even more. "I have had thirteen children," wailed one woman, "and I buried them all alive. 0, that you had come sooner!" .

Human sacrifices also took a heavy toll of life. The making of a new idol usually cost at least one life (no god would con- descend to take up his abode in it, unless a human sacrifice was .offered), and such occasions as the illness or death of a chief, the building of a temple, or the launching of a royal canoe took many more. "No humble Hawaiian," says one of the missionaries, "could be assured that he might not be seized and offered to the gods before night as a peace offering' or to insure victory in tomorrow's battle."

The curious custom of tabu (boycott or prohibition) kept the islanders in bitter bondage. A chief was tabu and so were his lands. It was tabu for women to eat with men, and certain choice foods were tabu to women. Even a chiefess could not taste the cocoanuts and bananas that grew on her own lands and were her own property.

There 'Were, too, seasons of tabu when everything was at a standstill. The people were not allowed to leave their huts, and fire, light and all kinds of work were strictly prohibited. As noise angered the gods and rendered the tabu ineffectual, the most solemn silence was maintained during the entire period. Dog's mouths were tied shut to keep them quiet and chickens were bound in cloth or put under calabashes to keep them from cackling.

After the people became Christians, visitors to the islands

1920J A <;ENTENNIAL AND A JUBILEB IN HAWAll; ~

A SAMPLE OF RELIGION IN NEW HAWAII The Kawaiahao Christian Church in Honolulu often expressed surprise at the way in whicll. the Sabbath was kept-the strict New England Sabbath brought by the missionaries. But this was not to be wondered at. Its restrictions seemed mild compared with the old-time tabus.

The penalty for violating tabu was death and there were no exceptions. "Don't you think," said an anti-missionary visitor to Kamehameha V., "that things are really worSe now than before the missionaries came ~"

"I leave you to judge," was the reply. "Since coming into my presence you have broken the old law of tabu in three ways. You walked into my presence instead of crawling on your hands and knees; you crossed my shadow j you are even now sitting in my presence. In the old days anyone of these things would have cost you your life."

The early Hawaiians were ignorant as well as degraded. They had no written language and even the great Kamehameha I., the " Napoleon of the Pacific," who united the islands in one kingdom and ruled them with great wisdom, could not comprehend the mystery of written words.

"I can put Kamehameha on a slate," a ship's captain once said to him, and proceeded to .do it.

"That's not me-Kamehameha," said the great chief as he studied it.

The captain then said that by putting marks on the slate he could have his handkerchief brought to him. He wrote the order and the king sent it off by a servant. In a few minutes the man returned with the handkerchief. The king took the two-the slate und the handkerchief-and carefully compared them. . They did not look alike and they did not feel alike, and great conqueror though he was, he was cO:[llpletely mystified.

The story of the mission of the American Board to these degraded savages begins with a dark-skinned heathen lad sobbing on the steps of Yale Oollege. This was Obookiah, a young Hawaiian whom a ship's captain had brought to New Haven. He wanted an education but had no one to teach him. Hence his tears. One of the students (Edwin M. Dwight, afterwards a prominent minister) took compassion on him and began to teach him. But as he had no place to live, another student, Samuel J. Mills (the haystack hero) sent him to his father, a Oongregational minister in Connecticut, who received him as a son and gave him every advantage. Six years later he united with Mr. Mills' church and announced his intention to return to Hawaii to preach the Gospel. He was now a keen, intelligent young man with easy, graceful manner and was a powerful, living argument for foreign missions. Christians everywhere were greatly interested in him. But in February, 1819, he suddenly became ill and died. This cut short his plan of carrying the Gospel to Hawaii, but the churches were so greatly stirred that the American Board decided to take it up.

Hiram Bingham, a student at Andover, volunteered to go in Obookiah's place and Asa Thurston, a classmate, agreed to go with him. Others joined them and on October 23, 1819, a party of seventeen, including a physician, a farmer, a printer, and three young Hawaiians from a missionary training-school in Connecticut, set sail from Boston. Another young Hawaiian, a native prince who had been in America, also embarked at this time.

After a voyage of almost five months, the party reached Hawaii on March 31, 1820. The native lads, eager and impatient, pushed off in a small boat before the Thaddeus anchored, but soon returned with the most astonishing news. The great Kamehameha was dead, his son Liholiho reigned in his stead, heathenism was overthrown and idolatry was abolished! These events had culminated in' November, 1819, shortly after the Thaddeus left Boston.

The reforms had been accomplished largely through the influence of two royal women, Kaahamanu, the dead king's favorite wife, and Keopuolani, the young king's mother. Tabu had been

A CENTENNIAl. AND A JUBII.EE IN HAWAII SI1

formally broken at a feast given by the king at which his wives .and other: women sat down with the men and ate food hitherto tabu to 'Women. As the gods failed to take vengeance, the king proceeded with other reforms. Strange to say, the priests themselves urged him on, and when at last he gave orders to destroy the idols and burn the temples, Hewa Hewa, high priest of the war god, applied the first torch. For the first time in history, it is said, "idolatry threw down its own altars," and the nation was without a religion.

'1'he missionaries rejoiced greatly to find the way so strangely prepared, but at first the King refused to allow them to land.

THE FIRST "MORNING STAR"-A MISSIONARY SHIP FOR THE PACIFIC This was built with money contributed by Christian Children in America and was sent out from Boston in 1856 He had just put down one religion and was not sure he wanted another! At last, after thirteen days, he gave reluctant permission to stay one year provided they "behaved themselves well."

The early days were full of hardship. At first the missionaries were obliged to live in grass huts and had to depend largely on supplies from home that were months on the way and when they arrived were often badly damaged. Flour usually came moldy, or so hard it had to be chopped with an axe. Water and firewood had to be carried long distances and letters from home caine sometimes as much as eighteen months after they were written. At times it seemed unbearable. But these New England pioneers, like their Pilgrim forefathers, were cast in heroic mold

and nothing could turn them from their holy purpose of winning lost souls. When they landed, the owner of a trading vessel in port deciared that ladies of such refinement could not live among such repulsive savages, and offered them free passage whenever they wished to go home. The first sight of the natives had indeed been a shock and several of the ladies had been obliged to retire to hide their emotion, yet none of them even so much as thought of accepting the ship owner's kind offer.

One of the greatest trials .of the early days was the suspicion with which they were regarded by the king, but this soon gave way to a feeling of confidence, and the work progressed very well.

The peoplfl shQtwed a willingness to listen to the Gospel and the congregations on the Lord's Day steadily increased in size. People came long distances to attend divine worship, many of them in canoes which were moored along the beach during service. At Honolulu as many as one hundred or more could often be counted.

The two dowager queens, Kaahamanu and Keopuolani, were among the earliest converts and gave large assistance to the work.

One of the first tasks of the missionaries was reducing the language to writing. The people were much interested and were eager to learn, but the king and chiels insisted on being taught first, so a school was opened for the royal scholars. After lour months, when the king could read fairly well, he was not only willing but anxious for the common people to be taught. They, too, made rapid progress and left their savage sports for the new accomplishment. .

The work of translation was pushed as rapidly as possible to .

provide reading matter, and schoolbooks, tracts and portions of the Bible were soon ready. They were printed on a little press sent out from Boston, which later on, after the arrival of a larger press, was sent to the missionaries in Oregon. It was the first printing presS set up west of the Rocky Mountains and is still preserved in a museum in Oregon.

The most famous of the converts was the high chieftess, Kapiolani, ruler of a large district in southern Hawaii. Though idolatry had been overthrown, many of the people were still under the spell of Pali, the goddess of fire who was supposed to dwell in the famous crater of Kiluaea. The fear of the goddess was such a hindrance to the Gospel that in December, 1824, Kapiolani resolved to go to the crater and break her power. Her people tried to deter her, but failing in this, a large company of them went with her.

Arriving at the crater she led the way down the steep, rocky pathway, across the hot lava beds to Pali's stronghold-a great lake of molten lava known as Halemaumau, the "House of Ever- lasting Burnings." Travelers all describe it as a terrifying place,

1920j A CENTENNIAL AND A JUBILEE IN HAWAll

SAVED BY CHRISTIANITY FROM INFANTICIDE OR WORSE IN l{AWAII Little Hawaiian children in a Mission School yet Kapiolani fearlessly stood on the brink and hurled stones into it to challenge the goddess. Then she 'turned to her people and told them that Jehovah was her God and they must not be afraid Df Pali. After this a hymn was sung and the whole company knelt while prayer was offered.

This brave and heroic deed won for Kapiolani a tribute from Thomas Carlyle, who tells the story in his "Letters and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell." It takes rank with that of Elijah defying the priests of Baal on Mount Carmel and Boniface in Germany cutting down the sacred oak of Thor. .

In 1823 · a second company of missionaries arrived from Boston to reinforce the pioneers, and these were followed at intervals by other companies until there was a goodly force in the islands. Though there were, of course, many hindrances to the work, the blessil1g of God was upon it and it grew with great rapidity.. At the end of six years there were 25,000 pupils under instruction and the islands were dotted over with churches and school houses.

In 1837 a revival broke out which was one of the most remarkable in the history of missions. It came in answer to the prayers of the missionaries for an outpouring of the Holy Spirit and was a truly wonderful'time. Little children were found on

BOYS OF A lI1IS SION SCHOOL IN HONOLULU their knees praying in hanana and sugar cane groves and the churches, though very large, could not accommodate the crowds that came thronging to them.

The Wprd of God .wa s full of power and there wer e many conversions. During the .five years ending June, 1841, over 7,000 new members were received at Hilo alone, and the church there under Titus Coan became the largest in the world. The revival continued in full force for six years and was felt in all parts of the islands. The great majority of the converts stood the test of time. It is said that those who went to California during the gold fever took their religion with them and were "noted among the toughs of all nations as men who would not drink or gamble or profane the Lord's Day. 'I As Christianity progressed, a strong missionary spirit took possession of the people. They felt that they ought to do for others what American Christians had done for them. The missionaries fostered this spirit and in 1850, thirty years after the Thaddeus brought the pioneers, the Hawaiian Foreign Missionary Society was formed in Honolulu. The Micronesian Islands were selected as a suitable field, and in 1852 the first company of missionaries was !;lent out. It was to assist in this work that the first M ornin,q Star was built with money contr ibuted by the children in 1856, and was sent out from Boston.

The most famous of the native missionaries was the Rev. James Kekela who worked for a time in the Marquesas Islands

A CENTENNIAL AND A JUBILEE IN HAWAII ·51S

where there were the 'Worst cannibals in the Pacific. While ther.e he won great renown by saving Lieutenant Whalon, a United States naval officer, from being killed and eaten. It was done at the risk of his own life, and when President Lincoln heard the story he sent him a gold watch and other gifts to the value of $500, together with a letter thanking him for rescuing a United States citizen. Kekela was very proud of this watch and wore it as long as he lived. It is now in the possession of his daughter Susan.

In 1863 the American Board began to feel that its work was done and decided to withdraw gradually from the islands. To this end native pastors were placed over the churches and no new missionaries were sent out, although those already on the field were retained to keep charge of the work until the new order of things was fully established.

Finally, on June 15, 1870, at a great jubilee celebration of the mission held in Kawaiahoe Church, Honolulu, the Board publicly announced its withdrawal. It was a great occasion, attended by more than '3,000 people, including the king and queen, the cabinet and representatives of many foreign nations. Congratulatory addresses were made and Hawaii was formally proclaimed a Christian nation.

THE HAWAIIAN MISSION BUlI,DING IN HONOLULU The headquarters of the Hawaiian Evangelical Association and the memorial to early missionary work

Fifty years work and a little more than a million dollars in money (during the same period about four million came back to this country in trade) sufficed to transform a race of ignorant, degraded savages into an intelligent Christian nation. Such is the power of the Gospel.

As the transformation was wrought largely by American missionaries and the islands have now become a part of the United States, every American should be familiar with the story.

••• THE HAWArrAN ISLANDS TODAY The Hawaiian Islands now contain a population of about 250,000 people. This is an increase of 70,000 or 40% over ten years ago.

The situation has changed considerably since the American Board withdrew its missionaries fifty years ago. The incoming of Asiatics has introduced a large heathen element into the population and has made it once more a mission field. The present population includes 107,000 Japanese; 5,000 Koreans; 22,000 Chinese; 25,000 Filipinos; 35,000 Hawaiians and mixed; 35,000 Europeans and North Americans and 20,000 Latin-Americans and Portuguese. It is a Pacific melting pot, but the non-Christians have brought their own religions and have erected their own heathen temples. The Japanese immigration is now restricted but the natural increase by birth is about 5,000 a year. Buddhism is aggressive and there are 78 Buddhist and Shinto temples in the islands.

The Hawaiian Evangelical Association was formed in Honolulu in 1863 and since 1904 has been aided by the American Missionary Association (Congregational). Aggressive and successful Christian werk is being carried on but it needs to be greatly strengthened anet ~xtended.

In a later number of the REVIEW we plan to have an illustrated article on "Present Conditions in the Hawaiian Islands," by Dr.

George L. Cady, who has recently returned from a tour of investiga- tion in the "Cross Roads of the Pacific" where so many nation~ alities meet and produce many problems; D. L. P.

The Jews In The Holy

BY REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F. R. G. S., TORONTO, CANADA Superintendent of the Christian Synagogue, Toronto The whole condition of life in Palestine has changed as a result of the war. Not only the deliverance of Jerusalem by General Allenby, the Balfourian Declaration of November, 1917, and the signing of the Armistice have been factors in this change, but since the Arm- istice there have been many new factors in the situation. Many friends of Israel who visited the Holy Land before and after the signing of the Armistice came away with wrong impressions as to the power of the Jews and the attitude of the military and civil offi- cials. Many have been alarmed about the future missionary work in Palestine. In reality, there is no cause for alarm, for the transition has brought great and material change in the attitude of Jews, Christians, Moslems and of military officials. This present favorable ~tate of affairs may of course undergo a change if Christians remain inactive..

Practically all the government officials appeared very cordi'al and ready to aid missionary work. The earnest, considerate missionary could always get aid and encouragement from these officials.

The change in the attitude of the Jews is so remarkable that it cannot be adequately described. Their whole life seems to have undergone a radical change. There is now apparently no bitterness, no arrogance, toward Christians; on the contrary, a spirit of inquiry prevails. The discord and schism between the Orthodox, Reformed and Radical Je'Ws, the Zionists and anti-Zionists, give the mission- aryan unprecedented opportunity. Their national aspirations make them readers of the Bible, including the New Testament. They say, ."We must study our history and the life of our nation from all angles. The Word of God is Life and Jesus is the Light of men. "

This favorable attitude of the Jews today toward the claims of our Lord Jesus and toward the missionaries is the same that the Rev. J. I. I~andsman and Mr. P. Levertoff of the Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel found in Russia after the first revolution. The spirit of liberty and tolerance swayed the Russian Jewry then, but the Christian missions to Israel could not meet the situation, and the Christian Church did not take advantage of that un~rooedented op- • My statements and conclusiens are based on (1) Personal knowledge 01. the country, peoples and Janguages~ having ~en born in JerusalC'!Jl. studied ~and lived there .till ~y. conversion; ~peak.ing Arabic Hebrew, Yiddish, and Judeo.Spamsh. (2) Personal contact With miSSions and m1SSIonarles, (Hebr;w Christians and Gentile Christians) and Christian friends, in Egypt, Palestine and Syria. Since my conversion, twenty~two years ago, I have made four :I?1issionary t01;1rs in Pa~e.stinef my l!lSF visit being during June, July and AUfiUst, 1919. (3) Pe~sonal. IntercOUrse With the m~h.tary and Civil officials in Egypt, Palestine, and Syn,a. (4) C~)fl~Ht wlt.h different classes, commumtIes, sects and enTironments of tho Jewish people durmg my mIssIonary Journeys.

517

portunity. Now the same spirit sways Palestine. Will these un~ precedented opportunities in the Holy Land be allowed to pass as those have passed in Russia? .

A Hebrew Ohristian testimony to Israel, free from all sectarian- ism, is needed in the Holy Land. God has used the saintly life of gentile Ohristians to the salvation of many a son and daughter of Abraham, but it has been acknowledged by foreign missionary lead- ers that whatever the position of the Ohristian Europ€an missionary may be in the foreign field, it is the native that must be used to win the native-the Ohinese Ohristian to reach Ohina; the Japanese to reach Japan and the Indian to reach India. This is more true with regard to Israel. While actual conversion is the work of the Holy Spirit, prejudice must be overcome. With the Jew there is the feel- ing of superiority, the belief that he has the true God and all others are idolaters'. Oenturies of prejudice and accumulated bitterness because of ,persecutions from so-called Ohristians have made the Jews mistrust the Gentiles and attribute all kinds of wrong motives to them.

Some Gentile Ohristians have thought that they are more ac- ceptable to the Jew than is the Hebrew Ohristian, because the Jew!!

do not exhibit to them the open bitterness which they show on the first approach of the Hebrew Ohristian. This is a fallacy. Those who have labored amongst Israel know that the Jew does not love the Gentile missionary any better than he loves the Hebrew Ohristian, but considers the Gentile harmless. He knows, however, what is the zeal and value of a consecrated Hebrew Ohristian. .

It has been recognized that those appointed to the foreign mis- sion fields must be the best qualified and most consecrated men and women available; the learning of the native language and literature is obligatory. This has not been the case with the missionary to the Jews. Gentile Ohristian missionaries usually have to rely upon sf'cond-hand information. They do not mix with the daily life of the Jews and are not acquainted with their literature, laws, traditions and customs. Many have not even reached the stage of appreciating the Jewish mind. Very few have mastered Yiddish and Hebrew, still fewer are familiar with their literature in its vernacular. There- fore they must depend upon some Hebrew Ohristiau for their infor- mation and often they rely upon a broken reed.

To meet the present unprecedented opportunity in Palestine true Hebrew Christian Testimony must be established in the Holy Land. Such a witness will serve a three-fold purpose: (1) calling on the Jew to repentance, to be reconciled with their long rejected Messiah and Saviour; (2) calling on the non-Ohristian Gentiles to give up their idolatries and to be washed in the Blood ot' the Lamb; and (3) to awaken the Ohurch of God from her passiveness. The Hebrew is called to be such a triune witness.

AMONG THE ~EWS IN THE HOLY LAND

Some missions, while under the name of Jewish missions, yet carry on their work for both Jew and Gentile. This is a matter that causes great concern. If a Society advertises work amongst Jews and Gentiles, and carries on work among both, we can say very little against it. But when a Society or an individual claims to minister to Israel and yet spends all its income and energies on the Gentiles because that is an easier field, it is not right. Naturally, it does not work well for the Jewish c a u s e . i THE STATIONS OCCUPIED 1. JERUSALEM. The most attractive and most important field on account of its inheritance, world position, variety of peoples and religions.

(1) The London Jews' Society has a church, a hospital, a boys' school, a girls' school, and a house of industry (for printing, bookbinding, and olive-wood work) and an inquirers' home. This is the best equipped mission in Palestine. During the war everything was closed, but when I was there the church services, free dispensary, and olive-wood work were reopened.

(2) The Christian and Missionary Alliance has a mission to the natives, yet all its missionaries seek to reach the Jews. Before the war, they had a Reading Room on the .Jaffa Road for the Jews, in charge of a Hebrew Christian. The Rev. Arthur Payne is rendering exceptionally good and efficient service.

(3) Dr. and Mrs. Wilkinson have settled there and I suppose have established definite work.

(4) The Egypt General Mission, under Miss Annie Van Somer, has opened a book-store in charge of a Hebrew Christian.

(5) The Bible Society has a fine Book Depot on the Jaffa Road. (6) The Bishop of Jerusalem has decided to employ a missionary to the Jews in connection with St. George's Collegiate Cathedral. (7) A number of individual consecrated Christian workers have the cause of Israel at heart. Among these are Miss Brown, who brought with her two assistants, Miss Stone and Miss Cooper; Miss Dunn ha's also returned and there are others, who are not missionaries in the ordinary sense, yet are doing good work for the Master. Wlith all these, the situation is not fully met. Jerusalem is a homogeneous mixture of people and there is ever prevailing religious strife amongst the Christian, Latin, Armenian, Coptic and Abyssinian Churches. The varieties of an idolatrous Christianity and the many varied phases of evangelical Christi~ty are misun- .r derstood and misapprehended by the ews and Moslems. To meet the immediate needs, two hundred per cent of missionary efforts are required at once for Jerusalem.

2. HEBRON-The Jewish community is not very large here, but it is one of the ancient solidly orthodox Jewish communities. OV-'!l'r

to the Turkish misrule and Nfohammedan fanaticism, the community ~as not fared so well, but now, a new life is in process, as the city is very sacred to the Jewish heart and mind, and therefore one of the important fields. The United Free Church of Scotland has a well- oquipped hospital there under the care of Dr. Patterson. A new one is being built. This work, though under the Jewish CJommittee, is carried on for both Mohammedans and J ewe.

3. JAFFA-Here is one of the most important ports for Palestine.

(1) A junction for many of the Jewish Colonies, and besides, the modern model city of the Zionists, Tell-.,A.vive, has been built here with great success. In the center stands the modern Jewish Semin- ary, High School and Teachers' Training College, exerting great influence over the younger Jewry in Palestine. (2) The London Jews' Society Mission is in the care of a Hebrew Christian, Mr. D.

Gold. (3) The United Free and Established Churches of Scotland have jointly taken over a work for both Jews and Gentiles. .

4. TIBERIAs-In this ancient city, stronghold for Jewish ortho- doxy, the United Free Church of Scotland has a well-equipped hos- pital and mission under the care of that venerated missionary, Dr.

'rorrance, and a well-equipped staff of nurses.

5. SAFED-" The city on a hill," has two well-equipped missions, schools, and a hospital under the London Jews' Society and the United Free Church of Scotland.

6. DAMASCUS AND BEIRUT-Though these two cities are outside of Palestine proper, yet they are in Syria and they ought to be taken into account when considering Palestine missions. In Damascus.there are two missions; (1) Irish Presbyterian Church under the care of Dr.

MacFarland, two lady missiOFlaries and a staff of nrutive teachers who are doing splendid work. This, too, is a united work for Gentiles and Jews. (2) The work of the London Jews' Society is under the charge of the able and venerable missionary, Rev. Cannon Hanover.

At Beirut, the Established Church has a mission. From Damascus and Beirut itinerant missionaries ought to be sent out to distribute literature and witness to the Jews all around Lebanoh.

In giving the unoccupied fields, naturally we will have to leave out a number of the small cities, and be obliged to take in two or three cities that do not come within the borders of Palestine, but yet are very vital to the carrying on of aggressive evangelistic work in the Holy Land.

1. HAIFA-Mr. D. C. Joseph returned to his old sphere of labors early last June. He owns a magnificent property and has been preaching the Gospel in Palestine for over thirty years, but feels that he cannot possibly continue alone to bear the strain of this important field. .

Haifa we could call a strategic point. It is a very important ,j1'l:nction and it is going to be a strategic center for the whole of

AMONG THE JEWS IN THE HOLY LAND

Palestine, especially for aggressive missionary propaganda. It is already a great railway center as the Beirut and Damascus Railway, in the Hadjas, the Kantara and Jerusalem Railway, all have their term- inal there. Haifa has a natural harbor which makes landing safe winter. If Beirut is to become a French port, then Damascus, Arabia and Galilee will undoubtedly make Haifa its port and it may even become the port for Mesopotamia; It is the market place and center for many of the Jewish Colonies. It is already a central place for Zionist activities. The TechJnicum, that wonderful Jewish technical college, is already built. Haifa, therefore, should be considered a very important missionary center, for which the magnificent property of Mr. D. C. Joseph would form a nucleus. .

2. ACRE-Or (Akka) is another important center, but its Jewish community is small, and as it is only a short distance from Haifa, the missionaries could easily visit it.

3. NABLOUS (or Shechem), one of the ancient cities, is a strong Mohammedan center. The Jewish Community is small but it may increase and in the meantime, missionaries should visit it from other centers.

4. JEWISH COLONIES-The forty-two Jewish Colonies have no Christian missions. These make a very fertile field, and while we cannot expect that Jewish Colonies managed by their own 'municipal Boards, would allow a Christian missionary to build a mission there, the missionary is welcome. In distributing literature and in conversation with Jews, I found it a very favorable field. This work is far too large for one or even for two missionaries. A regular staff ought to be engaged whose business would be to visit these places and carry on an aggressive rmissionary work. With the exception of a few missionaries who have occasionally visited these Colonies, they form an entirely" unoooupied field," but a very attractive one. There are a number of other little cities where Jews ljve which ought to be visited by a Hebrew Christian witness.

5. EGYPT-Egypt has two Jewish mission stations, Alexandria, occupied by the Church of Scotland, and Cairo, by the London Jews' Society. Port Said, though oatside of Palestine, is a very important field, and should be taken into serious consideration, as it is the "Gateway" to Palestine as well as to Africa, Australia and India. There is no Hebrew Christian witness there but a city of such strategic importance should not be left without a witness to the Jews.

If a Bible School means the establishment of a missionary training school for Jewish missionariees, then Jerusalem is the plMle and I believe that the different missionaries, Jews and Gentiles, would welcome such an institution. A school of such character must be strong and well equipped. At present the existing colleges and Bible schools are absolutely inadequate to prepare a missionary for work

among the Jews. If Jerusalem is not found practicable then Haifa. is the next best place.

Industrial missions have proved their helpfulness to Jewish work. Naturally the orthodox as well as the reformed, radical and the Zionist Jews will not look kindly on a converted Jew, and will not be apt to keep him in employment. Palestine, above all countries, demands something of such It nature that will prepare converts for self-support. Haifa would be a most suitable place because it is a central place, a junction and a port; a large center for immigration. Three kinds of work could be established and would make the mission self-supporting-(l) A soap factory (Olive-oil and refuse gives a splendid opportunity). (2) Printing and book-binding particularly are needed at the present time. (3) An olive-wood factory would pay for itself.

This is a hasty view of Palestine in its relation to missions to the Jews. Large organized missions, hospitals and industries are not essential though they may be very helpful. What is needed is an undaunted Hebrew Ohristian witness with a clear message, the primary object being to bear testimony to all kinds and classes of people, and to make the Jewish Oolonies the chief aim and object of its testimony. The workers should always go by twos if possible. The second thing which is Qn my heart is the establishment of a definite Bible School to train men and women for this peculiar vocation of missionaries to the Jews. Such witnesses will bear a "triune testimony"-to the Jew, to the Gentile, and to the Church of God.

IF I HAD EATEN MY MORSEL ALONE "If I have eaten my morsel alone !" And ever of them that have largest The patriarch spoke in scorn, dower What would he think of the Church Shall heaven require the more; Were he $hown heathendom, huge, Ouri is knowledge, affiuence, power, forlorn ; Ocean from shore to shore. Godless and Christless, with soul un- While East and West in our ears have fed, said, While the Church's ailment is fullnes~ "Give us, oh, give us your Living of bread, Bread !" Eating her morsel alone. And we eat our morsel alone!

I am debtor alike to the Jew and the "Freely as ye have received, so give," Greek, Bade He who hath given us all.

The mighty apostle cried, How can the soul in us longer live Traversing continents souls to seek, Deaf to their starving call?

For the love of the Crucified. For whom the blood of the Lord was Nineteen centuries since have sped; shed, Millions are perishing; we have bread, And we eat our morsel alone. And His Body broken to give them bread, If we eat our morsel alone. -Selected.

WAITING AT THE MISSIONARY CLINIC. UNITED

MISSION. DOLEIB HILL. EGYPTIAN SUDAN.

Witch Doctors and Missionaries in the Sudan REV. D. S. OYLER, KHARTUM, EGYPTIAN SUDAN Missionary of the United Presbyterian Church T HE Sudan, with its many tribes and different languages, of. fers a challenge and presents many opportunities to the medi. cal missionary. For generations the witch doctors of the Sudan have treated the diseases of the people. The fear of evil spirits leads them to look upon the medicine men as able to cure by their enchantments; these practitioners of occult powers are feared -accordingly. Some have secret doubts as to the skill of the witch doctors but back of the skepticism always lurks the fear that pos!;,!ibly they have powers at their command and they are reluctant to incur their wrath.

The medicine man relies on charms and signs for the healing of diseases, rather than on the use of herbs. A small child lodged a bit of grass in its throat and the distressed parents made haste to consult the medicine men. Several were visited, and each demanded a sheep as a fee, and after receiving it passed his hands over the head of the little sufferer and uttered some incantations.

523

He then declared the case cured.. Later the child was brought to the misSion and the parents were surprised at the ease with which the gras's was removed.

The cure for sn,ake bite is another example. The afilicted man is placed on the ground, and the witch doctor sits down beside him, takes a bowl of water, and breaks bits of bark into it. He beats the water till a foam appears and pours the froth on the ground, telling the patient that it is the poison leaving him and entering the ground. When the patient recovers, as is sometimes the case from a not very poisonous bite, the medicine man claims all the credit. But should the patient die the doctor says that the man did not have faith, and for that reason his power was made of no avail.

The Shullas of the Sudan recognize two classes of medicine men, the good, and the evil. The good are willing to practice their powers for pay, but the evil always use their charms for destruc- tive purposes. • Allied to the good witch doctors are men in whom are said to be the spirits of ancient kings. When they speak as the represen- tative of the king they have the power of prophecy, and are thought able to heal certain forms of diseases, especially of children.

The medicine men are specialists. Each practitioner can treat only one form of disease or injury, or can give protection against only one kind of impending danger, through the inter- vention of spirits. Thus the powers of darkness hold the people in bondage to the mel'iicine men. The fame and power of the witch doctor increase with every successful treatment, but his failures are excused.

The spread of disease is facilitated by failure to isolate cases and by the fact that they have no real cures for disease. Con- tagious diseases are fortunately rather rare, but when they invade the, country their spread is rapid. Infectious diseases are more common, and extend very rapidly, owing to the manner in which the people eat from a common dish. The men of a section of a vil- lage take their meals together, the boys eat together, as do the wom- en and girlff. Many are thus infected while taking food.

The Shullas know only their immediate neighbors so that they are satisfied with existing conditions. They are anxious to know the future, and their desire for comnnmion with Infinite is used by the medicine men to hold them in bondage to witchcraft. Slave raiders and unscrupulous traders have often been the first intro- duction of the Nilotic tribes to civilization, but in spite of the suffer- ing inflicted on them by foreigners they are still well disposed toward outsiders.

When the missionaries first entered the Egyptian Sudan the .

natives expected that they would try to exploit them, as the mer-

WITCH DOCTORS AND MISSIONARIES IN THE SUDAN

chant and slave raider had done. They were curious but also to some eXtent indifferent, and as they became acquainted with the missionaries in many cases the acquaintance ripened into friendship. Thus their attitude toward the mission is changing. They no longer expect to be cheated or deceived by the missionaries.

At first they looked upon the mission doctor as similar to their witch doctors, but the results obtained by the use of medicine soon changed this attitude. Each failure to cure a disease raises a doubt in their minds, while every successful treatmemt means that many others will come. When once the people are convinced that· 'the doctor is able to help them they are naturally anxious to procure his services.

The work among the Shullas was opened first, and it was not unusual to have Dinka and Nuer patients travel more than a hundred miles for treatment. Many walked for days in the tropical heat hoping that their diseases might be cured. Others were brought down the river in little native canoes by their friends. The sacrifice they made during the journey was an evidence of their faith in the physiciall The pioneer doctor among the Nuers spent some years in the Shulla country, and was known to many Nuers, before he had entered their country. ]'rom the first he had all the work he could do and when he went home on furlough the government 'officials said that all through the Nuer country the people were asking when Dr. Lambie would return.

The natives being accustomed to having their diseases treated by magic expect the supernatural to have a very prominent place in the treatment of their maladies. The mere taking of medicine seems very commonplace to the native mind. Thus they are ready to have prayer offered in connection with the treatment, and rightfully explffined it becomes a powerful means of advancing the Gospel.

In the evangelization of the Sudan a strong conflict will be waged between the Christian physician, and the medicine man. The advancement of medical science means the downfall of the superstition which now holds the people in bondage. The witch doctor, who has made a good living from the practice of .his occult powers will not readily yield the supremacy to the modern physician, but will endeavor to maintain his power.

In time science will vanquish superstition, and as the people come to the light they will seek the physician, rather than the witch doctor, and at that time they will also seek the great Physi. cian of Souls.

·A Fortieth

The Birtkday of the Woman's Home Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church a BY ELLEN COUGHLIN KEELER, PHILADELPHIA, PA. N JUNE 6, 1920, the Woman's Home Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church will celebrate its fortieth birthday. The anniversary gift, which is to be a crowning effort of forty years work, stands statistically as 40,000 new' members, 40,000 new subscriptions' to the organ of the Society, "Woman's Home Missions" and $40,000. In reality, this combined force of personality, propaganda and money will be used to provide for deaconesses and missionaries when they have become "sunset members"; and to enlarge two of the national training schools of the Society, the McCrum National Training School for Slavonic Young 'Women at Uniontown, Pennsylvania, and the San Francisco National Training School.

Committees of survey were appointed to visit the institutions of the Society, to make investigatioI).s and to reaommend improvements in equipment and educational facilities. As a result of these surveys. the following reconstruction measures are being carried out: A new Church and Mission House for the Indians at Yuma, Arizona. Extensive changes at the New Jersey Conference Home, Morristown, Tennessee. A new domestic science room at Rebecca McClesky Home, Boaz, Alabama. Equipment for a domestic science room and living rooms at Haen Home, Savannah, Georgia. The Home at Asheville, North Carolina, placed at -the disposal of the younger girls from Allen Industrial Home. New Equipment at Browning Home, Camden, South Carolina. The establishment of a Seminary and training school for Negro girls and women in the state of Virginia. The building of a Negro Orphanage. A new building for Brewster Hospital at Jacksonville, Florida. Additional buildings for the children's homes,-Mothers' Jewels Home, York, Nebraska and Peck Orphanage, Polo, Illinois. The rebuilding of the Hilah Seward Home at Sinuk, Alaska, destroyed by fire August 29, 1919.

The history of the Women's Home Missionary Society reveals remarkable growth. Forty years of courageous effort to relieve misery and create wholesome home-life among the destitute and friendless of the land has made the Society a highly specialized agency of Americanization. Paths of progress have led from its Industrial Homes, project schools graded through Kindergarten, primary, grammar and normal courses-in states where public education was retarded or nil; from mission Hospitals, Deaconess Homes, Misssionary Training Schools, Community Centers and SZ6 Religious Social Settlements. The Society has for forty years administered to all races of people under the Stars and Stripes.

It has taught their boys and girls how to read and write, and work and worship God. It has taught the Negro girl to cook, sew, make geds, sweep and set a house in order; the Negro boys to plant and plow and rebuild his cabin. It has shown the Indian how to irrigate the land and has coaxed him from a wigwam to a cottage.

It has brought bright-eyed Spanish-American girls from adobe huts to its spacious boarding schools. .

For a time, before public sentiment had made an organization such as the Woman's Home Missionary Society possible, some sympathetic people had made an attempt to relieve the misery and helplessness of the Freedman of the South. They sent missionaries to the most needy localities, paying the salaries from private purses.

The formal organization of the Woman's Home Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church took place at Cincinnati, Ohio, on June 6, 1880. The Society received its first contribution in September and in October sent out its first missionary to work among the freedmen of the South. The Negro boys were being cared for by the Freedman's .Aid Society but when they had finished their studies, they returned to their wretched homes and were in danger of lapsing into the old ways of living. This condition in the home could be alleviated only by the education of the girls in home-making. As a result Industrial Schools and Homes have been established in many centers in the South.

When the Woman's Home Missionary Society turned its face toward Utah to wipe out polygamy and to reconstruct the thinking, the homes and practices of Mormons, it had not chosen a "royal road to service." No harder and no more ambitious task was ever attempted by consecrated women. In the South were many people in need of homes, in Utah each man was busy setting up more than one hearthstone for himself. The more women he could win the better he felt himself to be. The order of work in the South was missionary, industrial, educational. The plan had to be reversed in Utah. It became educational, missionary, industrial.

In the South the Society worked supplementary to the Church.

But success in Utah depended upon standing staunch on the firing line of a great frontier. Furthermore, all the laws in the universe would not open the doors of Mormon homes to the Church, nor could legislation make "Christian Americans out of Mormon de- votees." To the woman with needle and thimble and a propensity for finding out things through a neighborly chat, with the ability to teach a lesson on all occasions, was the call given to reach the polygamous wife and mother who guarded her religion and her children with strict surveillance. The Society planned with an eye to a future public school system. Little Lucy Webb school

houses were planted. These answered for educational purposes and later for missionary work. Mter ten years of rapid changes in Utah, the Society determined to carry forward its w:ork from a tlifferent angle. At present the work centers around the Missionary Deaooness Home, Davis Hall, Salt Lake City; and Ogden Esther Home and Sterling Hall, at Ogden-a Christian boarding home for self-respecting working girls, and Deaconess work at Bingham Canyon.

There was a question in the minds of many as to the success of the Industrial Home among white girls of the South, because it was feared that girls from a land where work was relegated to the Negro, would not take to housework willingly. It was decided, however, to build Ritter Home at Athens, Tennessee, and by patient cultivation to win the southern white girl to the training she so much needed. The Society has now six successful Industrial Homes of this kind in the South.

Educational conditions in Mississippi convinced the leaders that it was imperative that the Society should take the lead in developing the educational system in that part of Mississippi where Bennett Home and Mather Academy were located. The faculty was chosen from normal and college graduates, and the teaching has been up to date in primary, intermediate and academic departments. The Settlement work at Cedartown, Georgia, is the result of work done by McClesky and Rust Home girls. It is an outstanding example of the modern city work done by the Society, the girls being trained in its own schools.

City mission work in New Orleans in the French and Italian quarters developed until 1899 when the Bureau of Local" City Work was dissolved into that of the Deaconess Bureau. The Deaconess work began officially in Oetober, 1888. Deaconess Homes were established wherever there was an opening. Almost at once these Homes became not only centers from which workers went out with help and relief to the surrounding community. They also became lodestones to which unfortunate and sick came for help. Departments of relief were organized, and dispensaries fitted up, so that the Deaconess homes are homes with Orphanages, hospitals, dispensaries, day-nurseries, employment bureaus, farms, fresh air camps, cafeterias, social settlements or industrial work.

The outstanding Hospital and Training School is the Lucy Webb Hayes National Training School and Sibley Hospital at Washington, D. C. Following closely upon its reputation for excellent training and splendid hospital service are the National Training Schools in thirteen other cities i.n different parts of. the country.

There were moving hearth-stories for the women to find among the Indians. There, in cooperation with the government, the

A FORTIETH ANNIVERSARY S29

mISSIOnaries taught the Indian wo.men to. weave the famous Navajo. blankets and o.ther trades that the Red Man might establish himself as a member o.f the eco.no.mic Wo.rld. The So.ciety built churches fo.r the Christian Indian and pro.vided an Esther Ho.me fo.r Indian Girls at Haskell Institute.

In the Spanish-Mexican field the missio.naries fo.und that the usual metho.ds of o.pening wo.rk applied in o.ther fieldls were of little avail. Peo.ple did not care fo.r kindergartens; they did· not approve of day schools and resented any stimulus to active labor. It was fifteen years befo.re the peo.ple accepted educatio.n as a necessary training for their youth. To.day there are three industrial homes and one religio.us settlement. The girls who. pass thro.ugh these industrial homes co.me from a unique enviro.nment, with the advantage of many strains of blood, lacking only the opPo.rtunity to. make the most of themselves except as given to them by Christian women.

Porto Rico, Hawaii and Alaska have been fields of most striking endeavor and success. The George O. Robinson Orphanage at San Juan and the Susanah Wesley Home at Honolulu are monuments of Christian love for American girls of foreign blood. In the frozen Northland stand Industrial H@mes, hospitals, schools and a Community Building built by the Wo.man 's Home Missionary Society. Every bit of sto.ne, wood, eqnipment and supplies have been sent from the United States to. Alaskan territory.

No resume of the work of the Wo.man's Home Missionary Society is complete without reference to the heroism of its missionaries. During forty years they have cleaned up bad spots in America as thoroughly as the marines wiped out machine gun nests in France. They have been as tender and skilful as the Red Cross nurses. They have been the faithful army on the firing line where it was hard and dangerous and where privations, need, and sufferings were a necessary part of the work. Many times their appointments were far out on the prairies where the ~ed Indian roamed, still battling against the civilization that claimed him. They were sent to the far Northland where separation from home and loved ones was as complete as anywhere on the globe.

Far to the South, the hot dry winds of the desert towns sapped the strength of the missionaries as they struggled for a hearing in the Mexican quarters of refugees from over the border. In city streets, foreign as any street in Canton, they walked with courage derived from prayer and faith in God. With surpassing patience they wrestled with the perplexities of foreign-speakiRg strangers. In crowded slums they have ministered to the sick and dying. There is almost no part of our land where the workers of the Woman's Home Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church are not known!

the Women of

BY MRS. w. C. JOHNSTON OF ELAT, WEST AFRICA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U, S, A.

,SOMETIMES hesitate to tell of results in Bulu land lest the I average audience receive the impression that mo~t of the women have been helped. To say that one missionary baptized 1709 adults in eleven months, that he has 19 communion points, or that he organized seven churches in three months might leave the im- pression that the whole lump had been leavened.

Only last July an elder called on the missionary to go out fi1"e miles, from' the station to the town of Evina. The chief who is said to have had 178 wives, was ill and fourteen of these wives were confined in a pen for being the cause of the old chief's illness. There was also a witch doctor there with a string on which there was a hook which the women were to swallow. If innocent the hook could be withdrawn without any trouble.

The "poison. cup" is not used in our part of Africa, nor are twins killed as in Nigeria; but there are child wives and in many places a girl of ten lmmarried is considered an "old maid." Wom- en are still bought and sold, are put in pawn for gambling debts, are used as beasts of burden on the road, or are loane'd to their hus- band's friends.

The Bulu say Bote be ne mevale meva (People are of many kinds). That includes missionaries as well as people in other walks of life. Efficient workers are needed for the elevation of the womanhood of Africa.

Again to quote the Bulu, efficiency is MevaZ meva (of mallY kinds). Mrs. is a very efficient woman along many lines.

She took high honors in her class at a large co-educational insti- tution. She is just the woman to do translating work. If a co- worker is ill she is a good nurse. The missionaries' enjoy being entertained at her home for she is a good housekeeper and sets one of the best tables in the Mission. She can teach either vocal or instrumental music. If a mother and child have to leave un- expectedly. for home Mrs.— can make them an outfit.

But if you ask an Mrican woman her opinion of Mrs.—- she will tell you that she is one aiz (hard, cold, distant). She does not like to shake hands with a native because of the dirt and for the same reason does not like to have them in her home, or to go into theirs. While she is a bright conversationalist, she yet asks- "What would I talk to them aboutT" An African woman cannot be brought out of her low spiritual and social condition at the end 530 of a ten foot pole. The missionary must stretch out her bare hands and even arms when the hour of need comes. An efficient missionary for the work of elevating he~' black sister, is one whose life is so full of the spirit of the Master that it will overflow and touch the lives and hearts of the women all around her. Her life must be a prayer-filled life or else she will not have the grace to stand the dreadful, disgusting, every-day occurrences that are magnified many times by the missionaries'

physical condition due to the enervation of the climate and the necessary doses of quinine. , A missionary must have common sense and place herself in such relationship to the native women that she will understand their way of thinking. Read Mary Slessor's life or Jean Macken- zie's "Black Sheep" and you will see how a woman that "thinks black" reaches the heart of the African woman.

Oh, the mistakes of the new workers! It was our privilege to bu~ld in Bulu land the first church paid for entirely by native con- tributions. We were so busy telling the natives about what God wanted, that we had not stopped to find out what they were thinking about, until we were brought up short by discovering that some of them were thinking that by buying a little corner of the church they were also buying a seat in heaven.

Friends sent out Bible pictures, and what was more natural to one "thinking white" than to decide that the pictures should be given out to the women of the S. S. Class for good attendance.

Result T Some of the women thought they were receiving tickets of admission to heaven, and that when they died all they had to do was to show one of these cards to God.

On one itinerating trip I was trying to tell the women that heaven would be a place of rest. Mr. Johnston, coming into the palaver house after I had left, heard the women telling the men that heaven was the place where women rested and the men did the work. These mistakes were made by not "thinking black."

The woman missionary is taking the African women into a new world where, until they can grasp the higher things, the white woman must be the prop. She cannot expect the black woman to glide from the ground, as does the .aeroplane, but her progress must rather be like the snail which by the aid of a twig or a tree trunk leaves the ground at its slow pace, and the height to which it will attain will depend on whether it has chosen the twig or the tree. The African woman at her snail's pace is capable of reach- ing a great height from the place where she started, if the mission- ary who is her guide and friend is a tree trunk and not merely a twig. , House-to-honse visitation is the bftlt mode of contact with the Mrican woman. Two or three women will gather in one of the

little huts and while satisfying their curiosity, a missionary has a good opportunity to teach them about God. A missionary husband and wife live happily together because they obey God's commands and God is the head of the home. The missionary's children are better because they are taught to obey their parents because it is God's command. We white people keep our bodies clean because they are the temples of the living God. We do not give our little girls in marriage, for God has given them to us as a sacred trust to train for Him. If trained to fear God and obey their parents in the Lord, then, when they are old enough they choose their own husbands and make contented homes.

The African mothers are also reached through the little ones. They love their children as much as we love ours, but through their dreadful ignoran(le only a small percentage of their children live .past babyhood. The BuIu knows nothing of the artificial feeding of babies, and as a consequence if a mother cannot nourish her child it dies. Missionaries have now introduced artificial feeding and thus have saved the lives of many little ones. The mother may be reached through a sick baby that she supposed was be- Witched, but 'Was really suffering from the effects of the sun on the shaven head and bare spine. The mother is taught that a banana leaf used as an umbrella may save the little one's life.

At the funeral of one of these little ones, death may be made less hideous by a few flowers and a little dress of clean cloth around the body. The body of a firstborn man child may be taken firmly but gently out of the arms of the grandmother rolling on the ground, and placed in a crude box for a casket, and thus sympathy is shown.

When the native· women can be kept from some of the hard work, making the garden, bringing wood and water, cooking the food, tending the children and carrying the husband's load OB the path, then she should learn to read before she is taken into the Church. But under present conditions it is asking too much of the busy Mrican woman. If the husband is a Christian he should teach his wife to read before he is admitted to the Church. It is very essential that girls. should be in school. Where they do not have Christian parents it should be a boarding school where the girls can have the great spiritual and moral truths instilled into them. While the girl is in school the missionary should Rot see how much book knowledge the girl can be taught, but rather that she be taught to read God 's Word, and is trained for her wifehood and motherhood. A nation can rise no higher than the motherhood of the land, so that there is a grave responsibility on the women missionaries to train the women spiritually. Civilization will then follow just as surely as day follows night, and it will be a civilization that will endure.

the Persian Border of Afghanistan '

Missionary Experiences in Meshed Eastern Persia BY REV. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON, MESHED, PERSIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

"Peace be unto you, sir." "Grace and peace be unto you, uncle." "God willing, your honor's health is good T" "Praise be to God, I am alive and able to serve my distinguished friend.' I "Your kindness is great, may God lengthen your life. But pardon me, what books are these 1" "This is 'The Law of Moses,' this, 'The Psalms of David,' and these four are 'The Gospels of Jesus.' " "Was His Highness, the Prophet Jesus, a doctor and are these medical books T" "My friend's understanding is good, for Jesus was indeed the great physician who ministered not only to the pain of the body but to the grief and fear of the heart." "Excellent, you have spoken wisely, for the body suffers now and then, but the heart is burdened always. Are these books in the Persian language 1" "By all means, it is for your coming that God has made them ready and it is the Persian language that you speak. Here, (opening to the ninth chapter of St. John) read this over for yourself while I see how long you will have to wait to see the doctor. May I see what number the man gave you at the door?" "Number 146." "Well, I am very sorry, but the doctor is seeing number 33 now, so there are one hundred and twelve patients ahead of you. But kindly see if you can find room to sit down and make yourself comfortable.' , "Again your kindness is great. Are you willing to sell me this little bookY" "The meaning of that book is beyond man's power to pay for, but the cost of printing it in Persian is ten cents. If you pay me ten cents you may take the book and keep it. And may God bless you as you read, so that you may see that Jesus, the great doctor, had a cure even for the burdens of the heart." And so another copy of Scripture was sold and another Mohammedan visitor sat down in the waiting room of the Meshed Hospital and began to read. It was about eleven 0 'clock in the morning. The one doctor was seeing the patients as rapidly. as he could. The minister in the waiting room had been busy since 533

seven 0 'clock. He had sold forty~five copies of Scripture and had read and explained man)' passages to groups that would sit quietly and listen. But just at this moment he took a pencil sketch of a letter out of his pocket and read it over to himself. It was a letter that he was to send back to the Christian friends in America. Here is the paragraph on which he was working: "Meshed is the only American mission station in the Eastern half of Persia, the newest station, with the largest opportunity yet developed for medical mission work. From the beginning of medical work in December, 1915, until Feb. 28, 1919, the hospital and dispensary were open for twenty-seven months and fifty-three thousand, five hundred and forty-five patients received treatment. That was an average of about two thousand patients a month. During the cholera epidemic the doctor was asked to be public health director, so the hospital had to be closed. At another time the doctor had a severe attack of typhoid fever and the work was at a standstill again. Scarcely had he recovered and taken up his duties· when the influenza not only reached East Persia, but attacked the one American doctor in East Persia, so once more the hospital had to be closed. There were other doctors in what is called the East Persia Mission, but these stations were all in the western half of Persia."

At this point our missionary friend was interrupted by a merchant from Afghanistan, who had been to see him at his home the day before.

"Well, well, my esteemed friend is prompt, for it is exactly the hour of noon. You will find the books you bought yesterday there in the corner. They are all wrapped lip and ready." And here is a little list of them: 25 Hebrew Pentateuchs. 50 Pushtu Psalms of David. 100 Persian Gospels of Jesus. 2 Arabic Bibles. 30 Persian Testaments." "You have stretched out trouble for me, sir. 'But I have one more request to make." (He called his servant who had been standing outside, and the servant brought into the room a huge tray that was filled with large white grapes.) "I want to give this present to Haji Ibrahim, who is in your hospital. Would it be too much to ask you to show me where he is f" "As grapes to the thirsty, so to me, (helping himself) is this opportunity to serve my friend. Come with me upstairs and you will :find Haji Ibrahim and five other Afghans who are all in one room. Your visit will give light to their eyes." When they got upstairs and entered the room where the Afghans were, they were greeted with a burly "Klmsh amadid, Sahib," (you have come happily, sir) from several of them who

i920] ON THE PERSIAN BORDER OF AFGHANISTAN

seemed to maintain the good nature and rugged vigor of their race, even on their sick-beds.

After a little conversation, in which the expression of gra.titude for the grapes was the principal subject, the missionary ex~ cuseCil himself this wav: •• And now, again, friends a.re about to separate. So jt IS always and everywhere. Before our friend here starts back on his long caravan journey far into Afghanistan, I want to rea~ this little prayer for travelers."

He opened his Bible and read the 121st Psalm in Persian, very slowly and reverently.

As the missionary was coming down to the first floor a servant told him that an "officer" was waiting to see him. He found that the officer was the Chief of Police.. Ordinarily the necessary exchange of courteous remarks would have taxed his versatility in the use of the Persian language, but this time, when'he saw his visitor, ~e gave a regular shout of praise to God, for he knew that a great thing had happened. The wife of the Chief of Police had been almost given up to die at the time of childbirth. Against the protests, especially of the women in his family, the miss~on doctor had been summoned and had spent a whole night at the home. The result was that the woman lived to be the mother of a healthy baby boy. The proud and happy father had come to thank the doctor, and to pay for his services. The missionary treasurer for the hospital gave him a receipt for thirty dollars. By doing emergency service for the wealthier families in the city the mission doctor was able to supplement the income of the hospital. .

After a few minutes the doctor came out of his office and spoke to the Chief of Police and told him to have the mother come to see the missionary lady who lived just across the street from the hospital. She could explain how to take care of the baby, how to dress, feed and bathe him so that he might not be one of the eighty per cent of Persian babies that di~ in infancy.

And so the morning passed for the doctor and the minister al'l they worked together in the Meshed Hospital. What is it accomplishing within the sacred "healing place" of Islam, the "Holy city" of Meshed~ A Persian Christian, who lives in the quarter of the city where the doctor did his largest service during the cholera time, has just sent word that there are now forty people in his own neighborhood who are reading the Bible and who are much drawn toward Christianity. He goes on to say that if one missionary evangelist could spend his entire time in talking with Moslems, by the end of a year there would be a thousand converts.

THE DEAF THE FIRST STEPS IN SCIENCE IN THE CHEFOO

There are probaMy over sixty thousand deaf children in China, every one of whom ought to be in school, while in fact less than two hundred are now being taught.

The first school for the deaf in China was established by a missionary of the Presbyterian Church in 1887 at Chefoo, and was for boys only. In 1906 the work was enlarged by the addition of a department for girls. During the past twenty years seventy-nine boys and thirty-six girls have been in attendance, amply proving by their attainment that the deaf can be educated-an idea which the Chinese at first ridiculed. but now regard as miraculous.

As a result of this pioneer work, several other schools have been opened.

The Ex-Commissioner of Commerce and Agriculture, Chang Kien, who is greatly interested in education, has apened a school in Nan Tong Chow; a Chefoe graduate has a private school in Hangchow ; a class for girls is taught in connection with the Methodist School for girls in Kucheng; and a school has just been opened in Peking. The teachers for these places are trained at Chefoo, where the aim is to give a practical training to Chinese teachers who wish to extend the work, in the best methods used in other countries which have been adapted to the Chinese Mandarin language.

Pupils have come to Chefoo from thirteen out of the eighteen provinces.

and from both Christian and non-Christian homes. To see them read and write, understandingly, the complicated Chinese characters, and lisp even imperfectly the words they have learned to speak by watching the teachers' lips. is most touching. To see. tears coursing down the parents' cheeks, as they realize what it means to their child to be taught, is not an unusual sight. It means not only to understand and to be understood, but freedom from the superstition that they are possessed with an evil spirit, and from persecution.

Lack of funds has greatly limited the work of the Chefoo School, the boys' school being closed because of iAnamdeerqiucaa.te* and unsuitable buildings, and need of another trained teacher from • The needs of the Chefoo School ire: $61000 to complete the building fund: another trained teacher and her salary; extra gifts to meet loss on exchange and high cost of living; twenty more schoJarships at $60.00 a year each; $15.000 mo~e for .th,e Endowment fund. ,Gifts may be sent, to r:en~~i~~~HYo~a~it;~easurer, Board of ForeIgn MISSIOns of the Presbyterian ChUl"ch. 156 Fifth 536

the .Church of

BY REV. WILLIAM A. BROWN, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS W HAT SHALL be the attitude of the next generation towards the missionary enterprise' How shall the Church of that day view the Christian crowds in America and around the world T What shall be that gene-ration's measure of missionary interest and service T The answer to these questions rests very largely with the present workers among the youth of America. The Sunday-school is in reality the key to the situation.

The missionary enterprise is intimately bound up with the bighest human values in terms of men and money. In the Sundayschools of today are the youths who "numerous and fresh as the morning dew" should go forth in the all-prevailing Name to win the world to Christ. In the Sunday-schools are the children and the youth who some day will become stewards of the vastest treasures of wealth which have ever been entrusted to the people of any generation. In the Sunday-schools the children and youth gather in ever increasing numbers about the missionaries' Book, wherein are taught the marvels of redeeming grace. There they may learn how wonderfully the God of Calvary won victories in the elden day. And God is winning still!

The Sunday-school not only has the wonderful Evangel to give to the world-"the Good Tidings of Great Joy" which are for all people-but the Sunday-school is in itself a great evangelizing agency. In these days the best Sunday-school teachers and other workers are beginning to realize that they are really evangelists, and they can never be finally satisfied until all their pupils become devoted followers of Jesus Christ. Missionary work is evangelism on a world encompassing scale. Sunday-schools will enter upon their career of largest Christian usefulli.ess when they become in fact missionary training schools.

There is great need for the members of our Sunday-schools to be trained in a knowledge of missionary work, first of all for their own sake. A. young man talked with me on the train one day. He was a fine fellow in many ways, but he had a very serious defect in his Christian education. He had been regular in his attendance at Sunday-school but evidently he had been taught, poor man, to think of God only in the past tense. He could not think of Him as actually at work in the world today. He knew how the Gospel was brought to Corinth, but he knew nothing about how the Gospel had been taken to China.

If Barnabas and Paul could cause great joy in the villages of 537

Palestine as they told of the Gospel triumphs in their first mission- ary joumey, why not fire the imagination of the growing generation with the story of the Gospel triumphs in our day' And the mem- bers of our Sunday-schools need the quickening of interest for their own faith and devotion.

. Besides, only by imparting to the oncoming generation a finer knowledge of the other people in the world oan we ever hope to overcome the growing national and racial suspicions and antip- athies which are all too apparent at the present time. The good people whom we do not like are the people whom we do not know. Have a care lest those in our Sunday-schools are as helpless as the heathen, when they ought to be as helpful as the first Christians.

There is also great need for the pupils in our Sunday-schools to be trained in missionary work itself. There is such work near practically every Sunday-school in America,-:-a bit of work within the reach and within the capacity of the scholars in the Sunday- schools. If they are led to do this nearby work for God they will be trained for other work for Him. In one community where the people were left largely to themselves, they grew indifferent to the ways of God, and the place came to have a bad name. Then a member of a neighboring Sunday-school became interested in them and won the children. Later the Gospel message reached the parents, and now that community is known far and wide for devotion to God.

There is a still greater reason why the pupils in our Sunday- schools should be trained in the missionary spirit. The principles of Christian stewardship should be carefully taught in all Sunday- schools. Covetousness is a heinous sin, and selfishness is the cause of the' evils that affect all orders of society in America today. The cure for covetousness is in Christian stewardship. The people of America will never hold right views about property and about industry until they are taught to recognize the fact that God alone is the absolute owner of everything and that man is .forever a steward in all things. Children and youth should be taught clearly to distinguish between God's right of ownership and man's privilege of possession.

One day when an appeal was made (for money) a boy re- sponded generously. Some of the older members of the Church thought the boy's gift was far beyond his means, as it probably was, . for he had to go without his lunch one day a week for an entire year in order to meet his subscription. But in the giving of that one subscription the boy became so bound up with the missionary enter- prise that he has since followed his Master into missionary work upon two continents. This is perhaps the chief value in missionary giving, for it is apt to carry the giver with it.

Those in our Sunday-sohools should be so trained in missions that they shall be completely captured for the missionary enter-

TRAINING THE CHURCH OF TOMORROW

prise and so that many of them shall devote their entire lives to the extension of the Master's Kingdom. All life is a ministry, and all service ranks the same with God whether it be :r.endered over here, or over there. The ,program of the Master is as varied as the , need, and the workers will find today abundant opportunity for the exercise of every kind of gift.

We too often neglect to enlist the youth in God's service and then we undertake to do with difficulty what- we might have done earlier with ease and greater effectiveness. There are spiritual tides in the lives of growing boys and girls-and if we were wise enough to avail ourselves of these favoring life currents we could .do far greater service for God. This is as true in the matter of life service as it is true of susceptibility to the evangelistic appeal.

Impressions largely determine the channels in which the life streams flow, and most of these profound impressions are made in early life. Why should we postpone the matter of recruiting for the high Christian calling until the direction of life currents is setT Again the pupils in our Sunday-schools need to' have teachers who are so thoroughly devoted to the missionary enterprise that they realize that one cannot be a Christian at all without being missionary. With such teachers the Sunday-schools of America would quickly become missionary training schools. One such teacher taught in a little school in a small village. There were . never more than a dozen little folks in her class" but out of that class of little folks there later went five foreign missionaries to bless the needy world. When this teacher, late in life, said, "I always wanted to be a missionary," one of the members of that class wrote from a foreign field: "You always made each of us feel that we ought to be missionaries."

Thus it rests largely upon the teacher as to whether or not the Sunday-school becomes an effective missionary traiillng school.

What teaching value is there in a missionary lesson, or in a mission- ary incident, or in a missionary personality, if the teacher does not believe in the missionary enterprise? .We cannot impart to others a faith which we ourselves lack. .

What measureless missionary possibilities there are in the 18,000,000 scholars in the Sunday-schools of North America! Al- most anyone can see that there must be future missionaries in such a multitude, but who will disclose to the teacher the missionary possibilitil1S in her class right now? The evangelization of the world waits largely upon the teachers in the Sunday-schools, for the world will be evangelized in that generation in which the Christian teachers of the you.th determine that they shall an be- come missionaries of Christ at home or abroad.

A GREAT SUNDAY SCHOOL RALLY OF 15,000 PEOPLE IN SEOUL

The Bible In

O NE PECULIARITY of the Sunday-s c h 0 0 I in Korea is that the old rather than the young make up the strength of the membership.

The numbers will doubtless come close to 150,000. One Qf the latest developments is to seek the attendance of the children of the non–church member. _ The Korean Bible pocket is indicative of the zeal of the adults for Bible study. The children of the church members have also come under the influence of the Bible school.

– So called "Ragged Schools"

are being organized in many parts of the country. In China similar schools are called "Rag COMING. KOREA Tag Sunday-schools." These aim First Member Sunday School Cradle Roll, Seoul to reach the child who is outside of Christian home influences. Frequently such schools are held-in the open, under some tree or 'Wherever a little projection can be found. The teacher will attract' an audience by showing Bible picture rolls or small Bible picture cards and at the close of the lesson a small picture may be given to the good listeners. Recently a missionary wrote that he C(!)uld use a half ton of such pictures to advantage.

The Korean Sunday School Association is supervising and stimulating the Sunday-school work. Rev. J~ G. Holdcroft is the Korean Secretary, representing the World's Association, but he can only give a fraction of his time to this important work. The International uniform lessons are generally used and a number of books on Sunday-school work have been published in Korean.

One important feature of the work in Korea is that practically all of the Christians are Bible students. They come from long distances and at great personal cost to participate in short term Bible study courses which are conducted in the various mission stations. At such centers ten three-hour evening sessions are held, one each week for ten weeks. The first teacher training institute was in progress in Seoul when the recent -difficllUies be- tween the Japanese and Koreans became acute. Over 200 were in 541

attendance consisting of teachers of all grades, who met in the auditorium of the Pierson Memorial Bible School. Chosen Christian College, which is located in Seoul, is planning to give lectures on Sunday-school organization and methods as a part of the course in the Biblical Department. More than one-third of the students are already helping in the Sunday-school work. The Correspondence Bible Course was taken by 1200 Christians in all parts of Korea during the past season.

The Korean Christians were at first strongly opposed to the holding of the Eighth Convention of the World's Association in Tokyo. The Annual Conference of the Korean Methodist Church, on recommendation of the Sunday-school Committee, however, adopted a resolution in which they stated that: Whereas, we believe that the Church in Korea should be represented in any such meeting of the Church Universal, We recommend, that each District, and as far as possible, each Quarterly Conference, endeavor to send representatives to the said Con- vention." ••• The Korean Sunday School Association adopted the following " Standard" in 1917: (1) To meet as a Sunday-school every Sabbath in the year. (2) Each sc~ool to elect a superintendent and a secretary for a year. (3) Division in classes according to advance made in Bible study as well as according to age. (4) Five minute review and questions on the lesson by the superintendent or other officer. (5) Weekly meeting of teacher-training class.

(6) Observe Rally Day on the second Sunday of October, each year.

Korean Sunday-schools vary in attendance from 2,000 to 3,000 in the large city churches to five or less in the meeting places in the remote villages. The Korean Secretary, Mr. Holdcroft, added: "Even the average of these did not find it quite to the liking (i)f the Korean mind to observe the above standard. The election of a superintendent to serve for a year was against the Korean custom of rotation of office, that each might be given opportunity to show his skill at leading, and the limitation of the five minutes placed upon the closing remarks was also a distinct shMk to the older Koreans, many of whom had been taking 30 minutes or even a full hour for these 'closing remarks.' "

It would be hard to find in America a parallel to some of the interesting features of the work in Korea. One of these is a Sunday-school which requires three sessions to accommodate its pupils. One group is obliged to gather outside the church waiting tlieir turn to enter. Too few Sunday-school buildings in America are working up to capacity. With a full time Sunday-school Secre- tary in Korea the progress would be still greater. S. D.P.

of Evangelism in

By REV. H. A. POPLEY, ERODE, SOUTH INDIA Forward Evangelistic Committee of the National Missionary Council C HRISTIAN evangelism has won some of its greatest triumphs and fonnd some of its greatest obstacles in India. A Hindu leader said a little while ago to an Indian friend, "Christianity has conquered China and Japan, but these are only primary :schools; India is a College, and here you must do much more to -conquer. " India is proud of her religious past. And while Hinduism is the most tolerant of religions it is also the most elusive and the widest in its range. In the North we find virile Mohammedanism. In the South we meet the "specious make-belief of theos- -assurance of the Jains, as well as the boldness of Indian nationalism. In the South we meet the "specious make-belief of theos- 'ophy" and the all absorbing Pantheism.

From the Punjab to Travancore the whole country is throbbing with a new: life, and young men are knocking at the portals of a new age. A new unity is evolving out of the variety of the Indian peoples. The Christian students are as keenly national as are the non-Christians. Up on the slopes of the Himalayas a young Christian student, with blazing nationalism, has started a Home Rule League in his own town. The Christian students in one of the Central India Colleges recently trooped down to the station to get .a glimpse of Mahatma Ghandhi as he came through; and in sleepy Travancore, they talk eagerly of the new era of responsible government into which India is now entering. There are tremendous possibilities in Indian nationalism and there is reason to hope that young India will rise to the new tasks which responsible government involves. But the biggest task before the Christian -enterprise in India today is the task of evangelism.

The tour made by Dr. and Mrs. Sherwood Eddy last year was .arranged by Christian leaders in India to stimulate the Christian Church to personal evangelism; to conduct evangelistic meetings .among prepared audiences of Hindus; and to speak to preparednon-Christian students. With Dr. Eddy were associated Mr. Stanley Jones, Mr. B. C. Sircar, and a number of other evangelistic workers, both men and women, in different parts of India. The tour comprised altogether forty-three centers from Lahore in the North to Nagercoil, ten miles from Cape Comorin in the South; from Poona in the Wrest to Elloire, beside the Bay of Bengal. Conferences for Christian workers ,were held in thirty-three centers. In thirteen oonters meetings for non-Christians were an important part of the programme, and meetings for non-9hristian students in seven.

543

No records were kept of the number who attended the meetings, but at Maramon in Travancore there were 30,000, while at Tranquebar there were only fifty. The average probably was about 500. For some of the conventions people walked over 100 miles and spent eight days on the journey. The central subject presented at the conventions was personal evangelism, the greatest work in the world. Reports show that the delegates left the meetings eagerly desir0US of putting in practice in their churches and villages the principles and methods recommended. The personal work classes were a regular feature of every convention and studied the little book prepared by Dr. Eddy called "The Greatest Work in the World~" Over 25,000 copies of this little book have been published in nine different languages. There was abundant testimony as to thQ need for emphasis upon the subject of personal evangelism, as in the Mass Movement areas, the pastors and catechists acknowledged that they had been in the habit of thinking of people in crowds or in classes, and had not been dealing with them one by one. As a result, many hundreds of Christians began to speak to others concerning their spiritual life and many hundreds more were won to a new life of consecration and service. In addition Hindus and others stood up and confessed their faith in Christ. Definite decisions were also made to study the Bible, to pray for guidance.

Of course this method is not possible unless there has been can:" siderable preparation by Christian workers, and unless the audience is a mixed one of Christians and non-Christians. It is, I believe, the first time that it has been tried in India. China has used it with success, but Mr. Eddy says that the Indian responds to it even more than the Chinese. There is no doubt that it presents a magnificent opportunity to the Christian workers to follow up the impressions of the address, and it also ~ves to the non-Christian hearer the opportunity to .bring out his doubts and difficulties straightway. Christian and non-Christian begin to exchange ideas with one another, and an atmosphere of sympathy is created and maintained. It is also a very good thing for keeping up the interest of the Christians themselves in personal work.

An important feature of the work among the Christians was the emphasis upon follow-up. In all the workers' conventions where the workers were drawn from the villages all around, they were asked to go back to their villages and hold conventions of their own for their Christian people and to carry with them the message of the meetings. In many different places in both North and South this was done, and so ,.the message was spread far and wide. In the towns personal work groups were formed and members of each church arranged for their leaders and groups.

All to the real results among Christians large numbers made a new start and many who had been nominal Christians entered the

19201 PROBLEMS OF EVANGELISM IN INDIA

abundant life of service and sacrifice. In reference to the non-Chris- tian meeting it is not easy to be so definite regarding results. There were instances of individual decisions and in many places men are regularly studying the life of Christ, and definite contact has been established between Christians and Hindu enquirers. The total number of those who decided was, however, small.

Some of the chief lessons and problems which emerged from the experiences on this tour were: 1. Evangelism needs time. In many places neither mission- aries, pastors, nor church members had time for evangelism. The missionaries were too busy with other things, the Indian Christians were too busy with earning their livelihood, and there was no time for anything but a haphazaTd and spasmodic evangelism. It is impossible to effect any large advance in evangelism until more people are prepared to give time to it. We are not going to win India simply by giving to evangelism a little spare time now and then. Evangelism is considered a part of all mission work, but it is often the last thing Christians find time to do.

2. The second lesson was the realization of the wonderful opportunity before a well-planned, steady and sympathetic evangel- ism having its center in regular personal evangelism by the Chris- tian Church. At Lucknow, for instance, the people were not at all interested in the war or any other thing, but they wanted to hear about religion. Out of this tour grew a plan for a united sys- tematic evangelistic effort in Christian colleges. A number of col-I leges have decided to bind themselves together to pray for each other, to plan for a regular evangelistic effort year after year, aiming at definite decisions by college students. This has been called a Covenant or League of Colleges, and has already been en- dorsed by a number of colleges in both South and North. In the High School at Scriviliputtur Christian boys realize the value of evangelism and go out two by two without money and without food during every summer vacation to do Christian work.

3. Another lesson is the need for steady and continuous effort. Many evangelistic workers have determined that this special effort shall continue and that there shall be agencies available to help forward the steady progress of the work in all the places visited. In many places the meetings were simply one part of a big movement which continues steadily towards its objective. It is no use arranging for special efforts unless one keeps in mind at the same time the absolute necessity for continuity and all that it involves.

4. The tremendous value of personal evangelism to lead to decision and to provide for a steady continuance of the work was another lesson. There is no method more powerful than this, and no method which needs less organization, and which ensures better continuity. This fact has gripped hundreds of Christians in India

and is going ts grip many more still. In the Nandyal district is a society called "Kristya Naharam," established by a layman as a result of a dream. There are three stages called Balya, Youvana and Purana. The Balya stage has twelve rules among which areincluded thrift and soul wining: saving money and saving souls. A. brotherhood of St. Andrew has been started in Sivakasi, every member going forth to win his friends as Andrew did.

5. The value of evangelism for promoting union among different churches was evident. In some of the conventions were Anglicans, Baptists, Lutherans, Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Wesleyans-all united in the prosecution of a common "task. The first evangelistic conference of the S. P. G. and C. M. S. took place at Courttalam, and some S. Po G. ministers said they had never attended such a convention in their lives before.

6. The two big problems to be faced are first that or winning men to take an open stand for Christ, and second that of finding many more Indian evangelists of the type that can win men.

There are literally hundreds of people in India who have found in Christ a new hope and a new teaching, such as India needs. But to take the one decisive step and to unite publicly with the disciples of Christ is too much for them. In one town a college professor who had made up his mind to publicly profess his faith in Christ found the strain so great that he fainted before he could do so. In another place a man who admitted that he had accepted Christ in his own life shrank from the final step because of his family. Sometimes the problem was that they were intellectually CODvinced, but the backing of experience was not there. There are men occupying the highest positions in public life and in society who are just outside the Kingdom longing to enter in. There is also the great need for outstanding Indian evangelists who speak with authority.

7. There is ample evidence from every part of India that the greatest obstacle to the winning of men to Christ lies in the Christian Church itself and in missionaries themselves, such as the un- Christian example of many in the Church and the disparity between preaching and practice, the lack of a vital and persistent personal evangelism, the lack of sympathy with Indian aspirations, the prejudices that warp the judgment and stem the life" of many workers. There is great need that' we discover and discard everything that prevents God from working out His purpose in India. We can see no cause for boasting, but every cause for self-examination to be sure that our name is written in Heaven as among those who share in the love of our Father and the service of His Son Jesus Christ.

The School To The

BY REV. SAMUEL D. PRICE, D. D., NEW YORK E ACH YEAR as Christ- mas approaches the Sur- plus Material Depart- ment of the World's Sunday School Association sends out material to at least 1400 mis- sionaries. These gifts come from friends of Christ in the home land and range from small picture cards to an auto- mobile, and from a card punch to a church bell. Each an- nual packet contains also a A BIBLE PICTURE ROLL IN TIBET hearty holiday greeting, two daily Bible reading calendars and Christmas and Easter musical services. Letters of thanks come back from hundreds of mission- aries who express their heart's gratitude, while they tell of more things that will help in their work. Thus far more than 36,000 people in America have been introduced to missionaries abroad and have tbus shared in their work by giving of their surplus to supply the missionary's need.

A list of special requests is aliNays. on file. There are now calls for a number of typewriters, blackboards, baby-organs, bells, kindergarten materials, raffia for blind workers, cornets, violins, special books, and many other things indispensable in the life work of a missionary. Memey is frequently sent to the Superintendent of this Department that some special gift may be purchased. Last September a request was made for a Ford car to be used at a hospital in India. A woman in Pennsylvania promptly forwarded a $1,000 Liberty Loan bond and the car is now helping to save life in India. A young man recently came to the office and handed the writer money to be used in buying blackboards for two workers in Egypt and to purchase large Bible lesson picture rolls for as many workers as possible. There are now more than 1,000 special requests on file waiting for some one to come forward with an o,fier of cooperation with these workers on the frontiers.

Some who cannot help with large gifts send what they have in the way of pictures, lesson helps, illustrated papers in English~ books from their own library, teacher-training helps, scrap books, postal card chains, handkerchiefs, pen knives, etc., almost any article one might use if 10,000 miles from home, and working with old and young.

547

From recent letters received from missionaries, note a few sentences that sheuld stimulate to special action. A missionary in India writes: "During the past year we received a number of picture post cards and now a new correspondent to whom you introduced us is sending us some magazines. These are all very much appreciated and we can use them to good advantage in our work."

Another from Korea says: "A graduate of our Girls' Academy is teaching a village school far from the railroad and from even the helps we enjoy. She says an organ would aid her and the people greatly. I wonder if anyone wants to send her a baby organ. She has been so brave and faithful to Christ in her struggle for her education we should like to see her have as much encouragement as possible." (About $35 would purchase and transport that greatly needed baby organ.) Another from Ajrner, India, writes: "I could use 50 of one kind of Easter or Christmas programs or both. We especially desire large Bible lesson picture rolls, graded lessons for kindergarten, primary, junior and intermediates in lots of not less than ten copies. "

From Chefoo, China, a missionary sends this request: "The Academy now has 300 students, mostly of the ages 16 to 21. This school has many boys able to read English and could use to good advantage books of all kinds for its library. We could also use geographical and historical pictures such as those issued in the National Geographic Magazine. We could also use, and would probably appreciate it more than anything else, a talkin$ machine with records. Our primary schools have an enrolment of over 900, and were receiving before the war dolls, Sunday-school cards, picture rolls, scrap boeks, etc. We need these things more than ever, also kindergarten material of all sorts."

A werker among lepers in India writes: "We are especially pleased to be able to give many of the pictures to patients at the Leper Asylum now in our charge. If there is any class of people for whom I feel it worth while doing something it is for these poor people. The whole Asylum is made bright with the large pictures of the Sunday-school rolls."

• For a pamphlet giving tuIl Information write to the Surplus Material Department, World's Sunday School Associ.tic>n, 216 Metropolltan Tower, New York City, Indicate your denomination In tuIl, distinguishing between "North" and "South" If that term applle.. 'State what you have to give, or send money for special things if you wish. Obtain a card of tntroducUOD to a mlssiona.ry and then forward the packages directly to the torelgn field. It Cl>Sts 32c to mall tour pound. of pictures abroad. Letters from the missionaries w!ll come with heartiest thanks, Write now tor Information about dressing dolls and then start your packages of joy before November that these dons may be distributed at the coming Christmas season. Ee sure and Include something choice tor the missionary too. It costs 12c per lb to man dolls and the paokage can weigh up to 11 Ibs' J No one need have a dull day who Is thus a foreign mis8iOnary at home.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MRS. WM. H. FARMER, MONTCLAIR, N. J.

THE FINANCIAL campaign of the Interchurch World Move- ment is over, an achievement "not by might, nor by human power, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord of Hosts."

Many churches made excellent use of their weekly calendars for public- ity. Three weeks before the every member canvass a Michigan church printed a passage from the eighth chapter of Second Corinthians as rendered by Moffat's translation of the New Testament.

."You are to the front in every- thing, in faith, in utterance, in knowledge, in all. zeal, and in love-do come to the front in this gracious enterprise as well.

"I am not issuing an order, only using the zeal of others to prove how sterling your own love is. (You know how gracious our Lord Jesus Christ was. Rich though He was, He became poor for the sake of you, that by His poverty you might be rich.) But I wilI tell you what T think about it; it is to your interest to go on with this enterprise, for you started it last year. you were the first not merely to do anything but to want to do anything. Now, carry it through, so tbat your readiness to take it up may' be equalled by the way you carry it throughso far as your means allow. If only one is ready to give, according to his means, it is acceptable; he is not asked to give what he has not got. This does not mean that other people are to be relieved and you to suffer: it is a matter of give and take; at the present moment your surplus goes to make what they lack, in order tbat tbeir surplus may go to make up what you lack. Tbus it is to give and take."

the alert for suggestions, it may be be n.ble to enter the background able to reach many very desirable of students' lives," declared Mrs. young women who had never before 11 urray Frame, President of the given definite thought to mission ~orth China Union Women's Col- lege. "I have been twenty-two years service." in China, but I always felt handi- One of the most constructive sug- capped in understanding the people because I never lived in the interior," gestions of the Administration Com- stated another well-known missionary. mission was that student volunteers be given advice in the selection of The. new candidates' knowledge their courses, so that they may of China will not be limited by what prepare for a definite phase of work they see from the car window, plus on the foreign field. "When I first experience in a large city. Houseentered college I wrote to my board, boats, wheelbarrows, sedan chairs telling them of my desire to become ;md mule litters Will all do their a missionary and asking their advice share in impressing upon them the in choosing my electives," declared fact that every sixth person in the one of the delegates. "They replied world lhes on a Chin«se farm and by congratulating me on my choice that beside the great back country. of life work and asking me to write the coast towns shrivel into 'insignifito them again when I was ready to cance. go. Very much at sea regarding my From Report of Elsie McCormick. course, I turned to my pastor for help. He advised me to specialize STEWARDSHIP HINTS on languages. I therefore majored in French and German, which I have "We were going over our family not had occasion to use more than budget for the year," said a well-tothree or four times. If someone had do business man recently. Suddenly only told me to take up economics I looked up at my wife with a gasp and sociology, my efficiency on the of astonishment, 'Do you see what field would have been donbled." we have done?' I exclaimed. 'for Though President Ellen F. Pendle- amusements and the automobile we ton of Wellesley College warned have allotted ten times as much as against too much specialization on the we are planning to give to the church part of undergraduates, she heartily and charities. I never realiz;ed it approved of the suggestion that the before.''' Together they went over boards give them general guidance the figures. What they had set aside and that they spend a year or two for benevolence would just about in intensi e preparation for a definite buy one new automobile tire. The branch of mission work after receiv- price of one tire-for God! ing their diplomas. The Christian steward recognizes But even after she has' had prac- that God is the owner of his life tical experience at home the young and wealth; he acknowledges his missionary's time of probation is stewardship by setting aside first of by no means over. The Commission all a definite proportion of his inon Secondary Education recom- come for God's use. mended that after a period of lan- Ruage study new mission teachers "THE POSSIBLE IMPOSSIBILITY" learn China from the inside, either by itinerating with an evangelistic The year they decided to try it worker or by residing' for a time in out, they looked at each other a the interior. little startled, neither of them sus- pecting the money miracle! "Unless a teacher is able to speak to old women and little children. He said: "I suppose you realize unless she knows the home condi- the children may suffer if we carry tions of her pupils. she will never this thing out!"

She said: "They may suffer if we

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

don't! A thing that's RIGHT to do, or as Solomon phrased it: THERE is right to' do-that's all there is to IS THAT SCAT'I'ERETH AND do. Probably there are lots of fami- YET INCREASET:-r AND THERE lies like ours all 0" er this country IS THAT WITHHOLDETH MORE who honestly want to practice Chris- THAN IS MEET BUT IT TENDtion stewardship, only THEY DON'T ETH ONLY TO POVERTY. DARE! I'm thinking it may do the children more good in the end than- MARGARET ApPLEGRATH. music lessons, 'for instance." WORK IN SOUTH INDIA "But $150 out of my $1500 seems a bit steep," he admitted. "I sup- (From a missionary's letter; pose we couldn't start in giving less than a tenth until we got used to it." Every Sunday afternoon, as you know, we hold a Sunday-school "And be meaner than the Jews with the caste girls in the regular were? not much!" school building. Although this Sup- day-school is not compulsory in an) This was the dawn of their new way it is largely attended, and not day. For he took a small account only by the girls of the school but book and in fear and trembling we have one large class of small started a -family budget, with a tenth caste boys and another class of set down conspicuously in the Lord's women, some of them former stucolumn every month. It was only dents in the school, and others through this bookkeeping that he dis- mothers and sisters of the girls themcovered the miracle at the end of selves. To illustrate the real interest the year: their nine-tenths minutely which these children take in the administered for their own needs, Bible lessons I wish to tell one had gone exactly as far as had the incident that happened a little time entire ten-tenths the previous year, ago. We had the story of the rich when they aimlessly spent from man and Lazarus and at the close month to month, never quite knowing of the regular lesson time I as usual where the money went. was giving them a. review of the lesson, and when this was over one The writer's father remembers of the Brahman boys rose and said, with keenest delight that young man', "Mother, one thing that I do not face in the prayer service when he like about this story is how could told of the miracle! "It's down in the rich man who is evidently of black and white!" he exclaimed: "I high caste allow Lazarus to dip the know to a penny that we made nine- tip of his finger in water and send tenths equal the ten-tenths. I was him to cool his tongue when Lazarus' bound I wasn't going to have it fall body was full of sores." The boy through, you see, but never dreamed had no sooner asked the question I'd make money! And as for the than, before I could possibly gi"e Lord's tenth-I guess we never had an answer, one of the bright little such pleasure in applying any money Brahman girls jumped up and said, before. We've pro"ed that where "Don't you know that Lazarus was your treasure is, there will your in heaven and we won't have sores heart be also. We read up about in our body in heaven?" I conthings, you know," he added with sidered the subject finished; the beautiful simplicity. child's answer was enough. Surely tbis is a proof that the Bible in- Little by little, as business grew, struction in our caste Girls' School I,e increased the proportion from a is not thrown away. tenth to a fifth, for from the first possi!:le impossibility he went on to During the last few months we prove the boy of John Bunyan's have opened a night school for Sudra memorable couplet: "A man there (the 4th or farmer caste) boys was, some called him mad: the more he gave away, the more he had";

and young men on the east side of seem to love the Bible study, One the town.· These boys and young of these boys was baptized last month men have to work hard all day and three more are thinking ser- long and have had no chance to get iously of taking the step. We could an education. We have this small get many more boys but we want school running in a rented building to select carefully and build this and they come here every night, work up on a sure foundation. except Sunday, and study from about These boys and those who are look- 9 o'clock often until midnight. They ing after them need your prayers. learn hymns and hear Bible stories two hours each week and I go to Every Sunday morning from 8 them from time to time and review until 9 o'clock I have charge of them in their work, and thus keep the large Sunday-school of our in touch with them. church here. We have an enrolment of over 800 and an average attend- N ow about the boarding depart- ance of 650. I give a good deal ment for the caste boys in ,the com- of my time to this Sunday-school, pound. Very near our bungalow trying to make it interesting not only two dormitory buildings are closed to the children and young people but by a high wall where the Bible to the old people as well. Then women in training used to live. every Sunday afternoon from 4 These buildings not being in use we until 4 :30 comes the Sunday-school started this new branch of the work among the caste children in the last January. At present there are town, and so the days are filled, to 10 boys in the boarding school with say nothing of visiting the sick in a young man of the Sudra caste the hospitals and in their homes who came to me about 9 years which I consider not only a duty ago to study the Bible and was con- but a privilege. More of the grace vertecl. He lives with these boys of God, more strength and more and acts as a big brother to them. time; thi3 is what is needed. He is a fine lad and his influence over the boys is exceptional. These SUMMER SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS l)oys cook for themselves. I have FOR 1920 given them garden seeds and in their yards they have a nice garden started 1. Los Angeles, Calif. May 31-June 5 from which they get vegetables for 2. Minneapolis, Minn. May 31-June 5 their own curries and also to bring 3. Oklahoma City, Okla. May 31-June 5 to the bungalow to sell to "Mother" as they call me. They would be 4. Winter Park, Fla. .June 3-10 . very glad ·if I would take the vege- tables as a gift, but that I will not S. Winona Lake, Indiana. June 24-July I do. I am constantly with these boys June 2S-July 5 and am very fond of them and I 6. Blue Ridge, N. C. think they love me, They are affec- tionate lads and a word of sorrow 7. Chambersburg, Penna. June29-July7 or reproof for any wrong deed is sufficient for them. Although they S. Northfield, Mass. July S-15 are caste boys from heathen families they attend all the regular meetings 9. Silver Bay, N. Y. July 9-19 of the church. On Saturday fore- noons for nearly two hours I have 10. Estes Park, Colo. July 9-19 a meeting with them in which we take up the history of the Christian II. Oxford, Penna. July 10-lS religion, the life of Christ, singing of hymns, etc. 'They are committing 12. Bay View, Mich. July 11-16 to memory many Bible portions and 13. Montreat, N. C. July 11-18 14. Mount Hermon, Calif. Jnly 13-20 .

IS. Asilomar, Calif. July 13-23 16. Lakeside, Ohio. July 20-28 17. Ocean Park, Me. July 20-30 IS. New Concord, Ohio, July 20-27 19. Lake Geneva, Wis. July 23-Aug 2 20. Seabeck, Wash. July 2S-Aug 7 21. Wooster, Ohio. Aug 4-12 22. Xenia. Ohio. Aug 10-17 23. New Wilmington, Pa. Ang 14-23 24. Tarkio, Mo. Aug 14-22 25: Lake Geneva, Wis. Aug 17-24 26. Chautauqua, N. Y. Aug 22-28 27. Dallas, Texas, Last of Sept.

28. Tuscaloosa, Ala. Last of Sept.

29. Boulder, Colo. No date given

fROM MrANY

MORICA Faithfulness in Kamerun Soul Winning in the Jungle HEN German authority came to W FA BIBO had a severe case of A ophthalmia, and when the' skill erun, the Basel Missionary Society an end in the German Kam- of the missionary doctor saved the was compelled to cease its activity sIght of one eye he pledged himself because many of its representatives to thirty days' service in taking the in the field were Germans. The Gospel to his people. At the end of work was taken over by the Paris tCll days he reported eight persons Missionary Society, and when Pastor won to Christ. "I've just begun," Allegret in 1917 went to Fumban to said Afa Bibo.· Later the Mission call the scattered Christians together distributed a number of workers' he found that the king hac,l gone over books in the B),llu language, with the to Mohammedanism and had re- proviso that each book must be re- quired all his subjects to follow his turned at the end of three months if example. All the Christian places of by that time the owner had not won worship had been turned into a convert. When two months were mosques. M. Allegret obtained per- up, Afa Bibo was asked, "What has mission from the king to hold a the book been doing?" meeting with those who at one time "It has been working," said Afa belonged to the Christian Church.

Bibo. Said the king: "I have no objec- "But what has it done?" tions; my people are quite free; but "Perhaps it has won twenty-five," I know that they do not wish to be was the answer. Christians any longer, and have ac- "I do not understand 'perhaps,' cepted the Mohammedan religion."

said the missionary. The meeting was held and many So Afa Bibo 'went home for his present said they preferred to be book in which he had entered the Christians but the king's order com- converts on his prayer list. There pelled them to be Mohammedans, were forty-nine names enrolled. among them some of the wives of This was some years ago, but Afa the king. Finally, a young man Bibo is still in God's service, says Dr. arose and said decidedly: H. L. Weber, a medical missionary "I will remain a Christian and con- to West Africa for the past eighteen fess Jesus, even if the 'king should years. fulfil his threat and should behead me." Upon this eleven others, Christian CWer in the Sudan mostly young men, declared that they MISSIONARIES at Doleib Hill, also would serve Christ, even in the Sudan, are rejoicing that view of what the king might do to Nodok, their first convert, has been them.

elected chief of his village. With these twelve young people, An incident which occurred some Pastor Allegret now went before the weeks ago shows the friendship of king, and said to him: "Look, these the Shullas for the mission. When people are remaining true, and wish trouble among the cattle at the sta.- to serve Christ!" The king' did not tion threatened the .milk supply, the dare to condemn them to death.

Shulla king s.ent a present of a fresh With this beginning. the congre- cow, that the "babies of. the foreign- gation has been again built up, and ers" might have milk. at the latest celebration of the Com- United Presbyterian. mUl110n over 200 Christians were in SSJ

attendance. Furthermore, with the able to gIVe him fullest information.

permission of the king, two out-sta- It was a most impressive scene as tions of the Mission have been re- these two very old and very notable established. chiefs pleaded with their respective The Christian. peoples to yield themselves to the dominion of Christ.

Death of Molcamba of Barotse-Iand The Christian Express REV. ADOLPHE JALLA write~ }~or Girls in South Africa from Rhodesia of the death of Molcamba, prime minister of Barotse- CHRISTIAN Association work for land, and an enlightened Christian the European girls in South Afman. Molcamba and Litia his broth- rica centers around large commercial er-in-Iaw were the first Christian and industrial localities. Cape Town, converts of the country, and both Pretoria, Durban-all the principal were loyal in their Christian service, towns of South Africa-have their in the face of great temptations. He hostels, probably the largest and paid a visit to England in 1902. most complete being at Johannesburg. There are sewing and reading circles'

Purity League at Inanda an.d classes £Or literature, ambulance NEGRO Christians in South Africa work, home nursing, physical culture feel it is high time to refute the and social subjects, while swimming, charge that social purity is unknown cooking, dressmaking, and other among people with black skins. A courses are arranged at intervals as recent gathering at Inanda, Zulu Mis- occasion arises. Bible classes and sion, lasting for several days, took devotional meetings are held not only steps for the formation of a Purity on Sundays but during the week as League. Addresses were made by well. In the early mornings, services natives and missionaries, and a con- are held in one of the worst localities stitution was drawn up and signed of the city, while once a fortnight the by more than a hundred young men colored children are gathered toand women. gether for a jolly afternoon, when they have either games or fancy Ch.lef Kbama on l'reaching Tour work, or perhaps some Bible stories. C. M. S. Review. REV. R. HAYDEN LEWIS of the L. M. S. Mission in South Af- Man of Faith in Madagascar A rica, last year made an extended LITTLE church in Madagascar has a church of which its memevangelistic tour accompanied by Chief Khama, an earnest Christian bers are justly proud. The entire convert. Services and tribal meet- cost of the building and materials ings were held in the villages and was met by an old Sihanaka Chris- cattle posts and a new church was tian, past seventy years of age. At opened at one of the largest out- the time of building, influenza raged stations. Upon the return of the on all sides. Workmen were struck partv to Serowe, the aged chief of down or fled through fear. Every the Hereros paid a visit to Khama in morning before lsunrise this un- order to personally commit his people daunted old man went to superintend to Khama's care. All the Hereros and encourage the work. When were called together and at the con- urged by his friends to stay at home clusion of this meeting Samuel Ma- he said : harero asked Khama many questions "No, I must· go. God's House about the Church and the rules and must be built, and if the people can- customs which were supposed to not do it, then I must. I have asked guide the conduct of Christians in Him to protect me until the work :; regard to all of which Khama was done, and I know He -.v'ill.

J920] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

His prayer was answered, for this gwuped according to states and counfaithful servant went to and from his tries. These will illustrate actual work untouched by the disease, and mission work being done by Conthe work of buildIng was at last com- gregational agencies. pleted. Presbyterians Work Toward Union Centenary in Madagascar THE effort to unite all Presbyterian THE centenary celebration of the bodies persists, although many founding. of the Madagascar' attempts have failed. Four distinct plans have been proposed: (1) com- Mission, in August, 1818, has been plete organic union resulting in one solid church; (2) organic union acpostponed until October, 1920. The cording to the synodical plan, with an Assembly composed of commisplans outlined are as follows: sioners elected by the synods; (3) organic union on the basis of provin- (1) The Madagascar Continuation cial or regional Assemblies, with one Supreme National Assembly as the Committee, representing the seven capstone of tbe system; (4) union in a Federal Body, having only ad- Protestant Societies at work in the visory powers; (5) a Federal union, with clearly defined powers and reisland, propose that each mission sponsibilities, but which conserves the autonomy of the constituted churches should arrange an evangelistic cam- in doctrine and discipline, and all lo- cal interests, including the tenure of paign in the territory occupied by it, property.

so that every village therein shall be At a meeting in Atlantic City in March tbe Northern Presbyterian visited and brought into touch with Church favored union in one solid <;hurch, while tbe Southern Church the Gospel. inclined toward union on tbe regional basis.. Virtually, the proposals have (2) A large memorial hall to be narrowed to these two. A committee was appointed to submit plans fm a erected at Tananarive. future meeting.

(3) The churches in Imerina pro- The Presbyterian.

pose to build a Boys' Home and a The Y. M. C. A. War Funds Girls' Home for students coming in THE financial statements of the National War Work Council of to study at the capital. . the Y. M. C. A. shows that between April 26, 1917, and December 31, (4) The most important proposal 1919, the amount received was $161,- 722,649.42. During the same period, is the one by which the churches of up to the time when the Council turned over its unfinisbed work to "Vales seek to extend their work in the International Committee, the to- t tal amount expended was $129,082,- unevangelized parts of northern 917.43, of which $602,589.56 was for religious work. This leaves an un- Madagascar. expended balance of $32,639,731.99. The Executive and Finance Commit- These proposals will be considered tees recommend that of this balance in consultation with the Paris Mis- sionary Society and the French au- thorities.

NORTH AMERICA PUgriIn Tercentenary Celebration AN INTERNATIONAL Congre- gational Council, to celebrate the Pilgrim Tercentenary, will be held in Mechanics Hall, Boston, June 29 to July 6. Four hundred voting delegates, representing the United States, Canada, Great Britain, South Africa, Australasia and mission lands, will determine the organization and policy of the Council. Every Congregational church in the world has been invited to send a corresponding delegate. More than half an acre of floor space in Mechanics Hall will be devoted to exhibits,

$5GO,000 be appropriated to the Loyal tur and $15,000 for the Rentechint~la Legion. Work in the American Army has almost entirely been turned Hospital. ' over to the War Department of the Government, but service under the 'AGroup EvangeIis,n Y. M. C. A. still continues in France, METHOD that has commended It:J.!y, Czecho-Slovakia and Poland. itself to Methodist workers by successful results in Indiana and The following facts are also of in- New England is that of group evanterest: The receipts from the first gelism. By this method six or eight campaign in the United States were pastors band together and visit the $5,113,666; from the second cam- different charges of the sub-district, paign $53,334,546 and from the third specializing in the various aspects. of campaign $100,759,731. Overseas re- revival work. One does the preachceipts amounted to only $105,381. ing, another attends to the Sunday- The expenditures included $38,809,- school activities, another works with 642 in the United States and $52,- the men of the church, another meets 382,786 for American forces over- with the Epworth Leaguers, another seas. The loss on foreign exchange assists with the music, another holds was over ten million dollars. For the after meeting, and one looks af- Allied armies and prisoners of war ter securing publicity. The areas nearly twenty million dollars were from which reports have come show spent. The New York headquarters a total of 46,123 converts in a cost $2,730,027, and publicity $1,421,- period of sixty days, a result which 233. The estimated future expenses surpasses that of any corresponding include $11,950,000 for work in period within the last four years. Europe and Turkish areas, and $10,- 000,000 in the United States for Neglected Migrant Workers American headquarters expense. appropriations to army" navy, educa- MEASURES are being considered tional serv-ice and interracial work by the Interchurch World and reserves. movement for the care of the 22,000 fruit' and vegetable cannery migrant Lutheran Foreign Missions workers of the eastern states. The majority of the workers are women. THE United Lutheran Board of The states involved are New York, Foreign Missions is one of the New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland. Boards that is financially embar- and women's missionary boards of rassed, having a deficit of $97,396 on the following communions will b~ March 1st. In spite of this, twenty- asked to share responsibility: Chrissix new missionaries were appointed tian, Methodist Episcopal. Methodist at the meeting of the Board on Protestant, Presbyterian (U. S. A.). March 25-sixteen to India, four to United Presbyterian, Ref 0 rm e d Japan, five to Africa and one to Ar- Church in America. and Reformed gentina. These reenforcements are Church in U. S. greatly needed. There are also under way plans for new equipment in In the sections from Texas north a number of the mission fields. to Canada, and during the period These plans include $43.000 for mis- from June to September, the Home sion buildings in Buenos Aires. Ar- Missions Council plans to make life, gentina; $17,000 for buildings in more worth while for the migrant Monrovia, Liberia; $25.000 for a harvest hands by erecting tents in Boys' High School in the Muhlen- centers where the harvest groups burg Mission and $60,000 for a new gather, to furnish recreation, relicollege building near Guntur, India; gious services and an open forum $8,000 for a Traintng School in Gun- for discussion. Cooperation will be sought from local churches and farm bureaus.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

California has petitioned the Inter- forty Koreans as charter members.

church Migrant Group Section to Mr. Choy intends to establish other send two Protestant teachers for two churches in the Middle West wher- model farm camps to be established ever there are sufficient numbers of in Santa Clara County. Christian Koreans to justify a sep- arate organization.

~eeds of City Negroes Korea Review.

HE Home Mission Survey has re- T vealed the fact that the urban New Academy for Indians A 7:egro is less concerned about his FARM of forty acres and farm- house have recently been purspiritual vvelfare than his rural brother. Non-church membership is chased near Smithville, Okla., as a the exception among Negroes in the beginning for the Willis-Fulsom Aca- country districts, but invariably the demy, intended primarily for Indian membership falls off when they mi- boys and girls but will include chil- grate to cities. New York City has dren of white mountaineers. A ter- only 28,000 Negro church members ritory of twelve hundred square miles out of a total Negro population of lies around it, with no other high 145,000. school advantages. The Academy Y. w. c. A. for Chinatown opened in September, 1919, with a faculty of three and a student enrol- A YOUNG Women's Christian As- ment of twenty, classes being held in soCiation is being organized ill a rented storehouse. Rev. Estill A.

the Chinatown of New York City. Townsend, the principal, asks for A petition, signed by the leading wo- selected books for the library, which men and several of the merchants now consists of about two hundred of that district, asks assistance of the and fifty volumes.

National Board in organizing an As- sociation. There are about one hun- Edncational Center for Indians T dred and fifty Chinese women and HE American Indian University at Wichita, Kansas, founded girls in New York City, a few of them students but most of them through the efforts of Rev. Henry wives, mothers and daughters of Roe Cloud, is to train Indians from Chinese business men, who are inter- the 150 tribes for leadership of their esting themselves in everything that people. The Indian constituency American women do. This Chinese grows constantly, contrary to popular Association will endeavor to train opinion. In 1890, it numbered 248,- women in citizenship, American cus- 253, in 1919, 336,000.

toms and Christian living.

"In establishing an Association, LATIN-AMERICA we are hoping to learn of the best Missionary Obligation in Guatemala elements in American womanhood, GUATEMALA is making a brave and at the same time retain our ideals effort for the fourth time in as of Chinese civilization," said one of many centuries to rise above the ruins the leaders. of the earthquake of 1917. Central Korean Church in Chicago America is not only marked by com- mercial opportunity but is full of THE first Korean Church of the missionary opportunity and obliga- Middle West was dedicated in tion.

Chicago, Ill., in September of last The delegates to the Regional Con~ year. This church is under the care ference of missionaries of Latin of the first Methodist Church of America, held in Guatemala City last Evanston, and Rev. N. Y. Shay has March, met near the ruins' of the been appointed pastor, with about Presbyterian Mission Church. More

than '200 persons were packed into Great Britain are the King's referthree small rooms for Sunday-school ence to the need of further regulaservice in the home of a missionary. tion in his address at the opening of Others came to the door constantly, Parliament; the Bishop of London looked in on the crowded rooms and has spoken in favor of limitation of turned away in disappointment when the drink traffic; and many areas in they saw that entrance was impos- Scotland are going "dry" through losible. cal option.

A Paraguay Church Mission Methodist Conference in London REV. HARRY WHITTINGTON A FIFTH Ecumenical Methodist writes that the church at Bana- Conference has been called to nal, Paraguay, plans a forward step meet in London in September, 1921, to evangelize the surrounding district. in the great Central Hall of West- Two horses have been secured, the minster. There are signs that by workers contribute their time and the the time of this meeting the various church assumes responsibility for in- Methodist bodies in England will cidental expenses. Two trips each have become one. month will be made, one toward Miranda, the other toward Aquidau- American Friends in France ana. Each trip covers about a week, and the workers go by twos. Other THE American Friends continue to districts will be visited as time goes give good account of themselves on and the way is open. Persistent efforts are continually being made to in reconstructive work in France and drive the missionaries out of Bana- other war torn lands. About 1500 nal, and to close the church and acres of land have been plowed up school. and made ready for planting in the Argonne region west of Verdun, and EUROPE the farms stocked with chickens, goats, rabbits, bees and larger live Temperance in Great Britain stock. About 22,000 fruit trees have been planted, 1400 houses erected and PROHIBITION in Great Britain is twelve cooperative stores. Homes not looked upon with favor for are built only for those families three reasons. First, it is an inno- which have no surviving men. vation; second, it denies men liberty to drink what they like; and third, Other beneficent work of the much money of individuals and of Friends' Mission includes the buying institutions is invested in breweries and quartering of three hundred cows and distilleries. Nevertheless the just outside of Vienna, from which cause of temperance is gaining in milk is supplied at cost to child wel- Britain. There are many Britishers fare organizations. Four young men who care more for their fellow men of the Friends' Unit are superintendthan they care for their appetites or ing two hundred Bulgarian prisoners their pocket books and these people in the rebuilding of villages in the are working to put down body and Toplica Valley. Another group has soul destroying strong drinks. established an orphanage in a Serbian America's example and experience is industrial center. All these brotherly also an eye opener. If industrial and activities are directed from Philadelmoral progress shows that America is phia, Pa. reaping large benefits from prohibition, England will have an unanswer- War Loss ot French and Belgian Protestable argument in favor of destroying her drink traffic. ants Among the signs of promise in 'THREE million dollars is estimated by the Federal Council of Churches as the obligation of Ameri-

i920] NEWS FROM. MANY LANDS

can Protestants in aiding French and days of the war ate now living on a fortified island near Vladivostok, Belgian Protestants to recover from once the private property of the Czar. The children have had no communiwar's disaster. It is calculated that cation with their parents who sent them away in care of teachers when this total will rebuild all the local starvation threatened. They were church edifices which the war de- two years in reaching Vladivostok and are now under the care of the stroyed-ali ruined manses also-and Red Cross. It is uncertain how soon' effort can be made to reunite them to start going again all the educational their families.

and charitable institutions for which Christian Associations in Iceland funds failed while the war continued. REV. FRIDRIK FRIDRIKSON, After all this there will be enough while a student in Copenhagen, came in contact with the Y. M. C. A. surplus to clear up the debts on the and when he returned home to Iceland he started a movement in French missionary society, and enable Reykjavik. In spite of much skep- ticism, after two years' effort he was its excellent work in Africa to con- rewarded by seeing a Y.. M. C. A. organized, and a few months later a tinue unabridged. It is proposed to Y. W. C. A. The latter now numraise tHis sum in three annual in- bers 400 members, and the former about 600. staJlments. A proof of the vital power of the The Continent. Association movement was given in 1917 when 20,000 Danish crowns The Gospel in Italy were collected, mostly among the members, for a new up-to-date build- PROFESSOR VITTORIO BANI ing for the members of the town affirms that evangelical teaching clubs. in Italy has driven the Roman clergy Apostle to the Maltese to study the Bible. The Roman MALTA, the Melita of Paul's day, authorities have been constrained to now has a missionary of Paul- ine spirit named John Falzon. Reissue a new translation of the Gos- cently, he has been shepherding Mal- tese who have emigrated to Tunis. pels, and sold it through the Society Here are a few extracts from his diary: of St. Jerome. Prof. Bani says that there are today two Catholicisms, a 24th. I went again along the streets looking for Maltese. I found poor minority which follows the Pope fourteen. Two of them told me that they had been s.een in my company implicitly, and a new type which by other Maltes.e people, and that they had been warned to avoid me. recognizes in the Pope only a tradi- They replied, 'We are free men and will approach any we like.' We have tional head of the Church. This ma- talked much on religion and they have promised to come to a meeting jority adheres to Catholicism because in my house. I am praying.

it is not yet able to adapt itself to 28th. Six Maltese men from evangelical worship.

Norwegian Clergymen Form League A HUNDRED or more Norwegian clergymen have formed a league under the name of the Union of Clergy Loyal to the Faith. The aim of the organization, of which the Chairman is Prof. E. Sverdrup, is to work for the deepening of the spirituallife by Bible study, to strengthen the positive forces in the State Church, and to counteract the work of unbelieving theologians.

Record of Christian Work RusSian Refugee Children EIGHT hundred Russian boys and girls from seven to sixteen years of age who have been separated from home and parents since' the opening

among the recently arrived came to lead, though the demand for Scrip- my house: My heart is filled with tures in the Turkish language will joy. I spoke on Acts xvi and gave doubtless exceed that of any year. a clear and full message of the Gos- We are doing all we can to get. pel. They listened with great glad- ready." Bible printing was impos- ness and joined with devotion in sible last year in Constantinople, yet prayer. 24,296 copies of the Scriptures. were distributed. 29th. Other three newly arrived Maltese men came to my house. I Watehman-Examiner. entertained them with God's Word on Luke xv. 11-32. They seemed Christ and Mah<>met greatly touched by God's Word and joined devoutly in prayer. AN AMERICAN journalist writ- ing from Damascus in the maga- Record of Christian Work. zine Asia records a conversation with a Moslem professor, in which the lat- lUOSLEM LANDS ter instituted a remarkable and sur- prising contrast between Jesus of 'rurks Turning Toward Christianity Nazareth and his own accepted prophet. "The personality of Jesus," HERETOFORE it has not been a said the Mohammedan savant, "is majestic simplicity. The personality . problem to provide for Moslem of Mahomet is complex superman." inquirers in Turkey for the reason Then after a pause he added: "The that there were so few inquirers. higher type is Jesus." Certainly Generally speaking, the most that has such an understanding observer canbeen attained in one hundred years not be far from the Kingdom of of work in Turkey has been the win- God; and it is interesting evidence ning of regard for missionaries as how, in a clear mind, even though its friends, and the lessening of fanati- predispositions may run opposite to cism against the "infidels." Christianity, the character supremacy of Jesus compels reverence. As Since the war a changed attitude Bushnell said, it literally "forbids His is manifest. Turks, both men and classification with men." women, are coming to the missionaries for instruction as to the Chris- The Continent. tian way. They are declaring their dissatisfaction with Islam, and their Student Volunteers of Constantinople feeling that Christianity is true and has something better to offer. These THE Student Volunteer Union of inquirers are not yet a great multi- Constantinople which was organtude, but they are enough to forecast ized last December seeks to enroll in a mass movement toward real reli- its membership all those in Constantigious emancipation that will gain nople or its vicinity who during stumomentum in that discouraged land. d!;nt days either in Great Britain or North America allied themselves with Missionary Herald. the Student Volunteer Movement. Sixteen or more persons have signi- Bible Distribution in Turkey fied their interest not only in main- taining the fellowship known in stu- TURKS are buying the Christian dent days, but in promoting the aims Bible, according to a letter from for which such a body may most usethe Secretary of the American Bible fully stand in the Near East. Society in Constantinople. He says: One important phase of the work "We have what will prove, I think, of the Union is that of gathering to be an unprecedented demand for items of information which will be the Scriptures for the coming year. useful in the hands of Student Vol- There are indications from all sides that this demand will be large, and this in all the languages used here. Probably Greek and Armenian will

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

unteer secretaries in the home lands necessity of working. Army mules as they seek to interest students in came to the rescue bringing military the life· and problems of the Near rations from the camps on Bethle- hem Road, making it possible for East. soup kitchens to be maintained by Occident and Orient. charitable organizations serving for several days 15,000 people daily. "Happiness Factories" The A. E. F. canvas Leave Camp "HAPPINESS Factory" is the became uninhabitable early in the name given the Rescue Home storm. Sixteen soldiers on leave were sleeping in the Army Y. M. in Adana where fifty-five girls are C. A. hut and ten more in the small kept busy enough to make the mem- mess room in a stone building nearory of past horrors a vague shadow. by. Since everyone's clothing was The Home is, as a matter of fact, a wet and fuel was scarce, there was bam-like structure of unattractive little sleeping other than naps beappearance, but the busy hands flying tween shivers. At midnight the gale among the rug looms, heads bent at its height drove such a bank of over embroidery or eyes watching snow against the side walls of the their fruit preserving are justification wooden hut that it suddenly caved in, for the name of the Home. At pres- bringing the roof with it. Luckily, ent there are fourteen such Happi- the wall held in the end where the ness Factories in Armenia. men were sleeping, allowing them to flee uninjured, in all states of attire, Snow in Syria and Palestine plunging through drifts shoulder-high and dragging after them blankets, BEIRUT during the past winter trousers, shoes, blouses, and other im- experienced bitter cold, and at pedimenta. They naturally sought one time had the phenomenal experi- the already overcrowded mess hall of ence of eight inches of snow. Great the "Y" and in five minutes it beaamage was done to olive and fruit came the acme of confusion. trees and many of the historic and ornamental trees in the mission com- Anti-Zionists Parade pound fell from the weight of snow on their branches. AN ANTI-ZIONIST demonstra- tion in Jerusalem on February Jerusalem in February experienced 27 was a picturesque protest against the colonization of Palestine by the a record-breaking gale, driving a Jews. Arabs and Bedouins' intro- duced an element of the desert into thirty-inch snowfall in drifts shoul- the motley concourse of about 8,000 der-high. Great destruction and suf- people who marched through the fering resulted. A large corrugated streets, carrying banners proclaiming iron mill building, two cinema thea- anti-Zionist sentiments without threat tres, the Evelyn RoUtschild Army of violence. Y. M. C. A. hut, and about fifty dwellings collapsed. All communica- One cause of the antipathy to tion by road, railway, and wire was Zionism has been the influx of a cerbroken, leaving the city isolated. tain type of Jew from Russia, a type wholly different from the Jew famil- Emergency measures were taken iar in Palestine. He cares nothing by the Military Governor, who set for his religion, and is looked upon the hardy Yorkshire garrison troops as Bolshevist. With the coming of digging out the ancient city, for the the British Army this new type of native populace was too astonished Jew began to exhibit a very haughty and bewildered to act. All business and overbearing attitude. was abandoned as men huddled around stoves or kept to their beds. Food shortage of so serious a nature followed that the governor had to threaten bakers and storekeepers with jail terms to impress upon them the

Traveling Eye Hospitals souls who rather enjoy gallivanting RAV~LING Eye Clinics in the over the country, seeing the sights T Nile Valley are proposed by mis- and getting fed gratis by the faithful.

sionaries to deal with the prevalent And their bowls are not always eye diseases of the land of the Pharoahs. It is hoped to equip four auto empty. * * * Sundar Singh has ambulances, possibly using those sal- won knowledge and certainty out of pain. Today, Sundar believes as ever vaged from the war, and send them in suffering. But it must be suffer- out to visit villages as yet unreached ing to some good for others. This by missionaries, medical or evangelis- Christian saint would never line his tic. This hospital fleet would be shoes with sharp nails or walk bare operated by denominations already foot over a path of live coals; he in the field. would never while away his time re- Extending Work in Persia posing on a bed of spikes or squat- ting between three fires. Yet he is NOT the least part of missionary glad to swim icy rivers in the Hima- work in Persia has been evan- layas or to receive blows in the face gelistic service among the British (literally turning the other cheek) or soldiers. Some of these had not to be thrown down into a well been inside a church or attended any amongst rotting corpses (as happened religious. service since leaving home. Prayer meetings were held for those to him in' Tibet), for the sake of the Cross.

already Christians, and quite a large India Sunday School Union number of conversions from among the others rejoiced the hearts of the HE India Sunday-school Union is workers. Reports of this helpful T a dearing house for Sunday- ministry went back to mothers, wives school ideas. One finds its leaflets in and friends in England, and many remote villages from Travancore to prayers of thanksgiving found ex- the Himalayas, and its long estab- pression from them. lished examination scheme has stimu- The soldiers also caught a new lated thousands of boys and girls glimpse of mission work, and one and teachers of India to sustained efwho had been particularly impressed fort in Bible study. A correspond- asked how he could get into mission- ence course of teacher training has ary work in Persia himself. . been developed in which more than a thousand have secured certificates.

INDIA Examinations have been held m Sadhus-Hindu and Christian twelve languages.

AN INDIAN journal recently Christians in the Madras Corporation pointed the contrast between Hindu and Christian sadhus (holy THE Indian Government has apmen). pointed two Indian Christians, "Our typical yellow-robed religion- presumably to represent Indian ist seems to consider dirtiness next to Christian interests, in the Madras godliness, whereas Sundar Singh Corporation. There are now four takes his bath as seriously as his Indian Christians in the Corpora- prayers, remarks the writer who tion. This is an important recogni- goes on with the comparison as fol- tion for Christianity in India.

lows: "In India there are over five mil- Schools for Missionaries' Children lion sadhus,-five million wandering, THERE is but one school in all Inyellow-robed 'renouncers.' It is conceivable that half or even three- dia which affords a satisfactory fourths are indolent instead of pious environment and courses of study for the children of missionaries. This

1920J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

was founded eighteen years ago at holiness begin to creep into his mind; Ko-dai-kanal, South India, and is and what has been regarded as an maintained jointly by a number of act of devotion appears as a filthy Mission Boards. As a result of the custom, perilous to health. Indian survey, a chain of such schools is proposed to extend across The fantastic theories about the India. cause of disease cannot long endure inspection under a microscope, for Systematic Giving in S1a:m the one who learns how typhoid con- tagion is spread by impure milk does I N ORDER to unify the Christian not take seriously the explanation of forces, contributions from the the gods' displeasure. Furthermore, various communities around Cheng- a man whose religion forbids him to mai are brought in quarterly and take life, even of an insect, stands placed in a central fund, a quarterly aghast when he sees in the water he conference being held at the same drinks a thousand living creatures. time when discussions are largely given over to the subject of steward- CHINA ship. The envelope system is in use in all the churches. In some cases A Seventy-Filth Milestone each member of a household pledges a definite amount, while in others. a THE oldest Presbyterian mission certain amount per family is prom- station in China, at Ning-po, is ised. This has resulted in doubling completing its seventy-fifth year. A the contributions. recent feature of the service there is the institutional work in the crowded Student Hostels in India business section near the East Gate. Outside the city wall is Dzongteh THE importance of hostels, or Girls' School, the continuation of the Christian boarding houses for first school for girls to be opened in . students in India, is shown by the vig- China, and close by is one of the first orous protests awakened at the clos- Presbyterian churches erected in ing of the Montgomery Hostel, of the China. The historic Fuzin Church, S. P. G. College in Trichinnopoly, built seventy years ago, still has the . because of some disorder among thl' largest auditorium in Ningpo. The students. The other boarding places pastor is a son of a Christian minin the town are said to be no better ister, and his own son is now studythan "pig sties," and detrimental to ing theology in America. the health and morals of the students. The hostels are built to provide the Community Service at Glnling young men with good, clean, wholesome surroundings, but they are not ALL but two of the sixty-five stualways appreciated until they are lost. dents of Ginling College for wo- men are registered for definite social Science as a Christian Ally work. The half-day school for girls of the neighborhood is the largest GROUND glass is usually fatal to single undertaking. Thirty-five pu- Hinduism-that is to say' the pils come from one to four o'clock microscope is one of the most potent five days in the week and receive sysforces in destroying superstition by tematic instruction of primary grade. revealing the wonders of modem The students conduct a Sundayscience. When an Indian boy looks school having an average attendance through a high-powered microscope of 110 small children; and a twoat a drop of water taken from the hour mothers' meeting is held each "sacred" River Ganges, and sees the Sunday afternoon, followed up by world of germ life swarming in that visiting in the homes. In the governdirty water, lurking doubts of its ment orphanage a Sunday-school and monthly missionary meeting are con- ducted by Ginling students.

New Theological School ITCigarettes from "Honorable" Anlerlca IS hard sometimes for the mis- A CENTRAL theological school sionary to explain the various will be opened in the autumn of kinds of people from her native counnext year at Nanking in connection try who come to China. One day a with the Episcopal Mission. The Chinese woman appeared at a meetproposal is heartily welcomed by the ing in one of the out-stations, puffing other missions at Nanking. a cigarette. Both face and hands were yellow beyond native coloring Nurses Needed from excessive cigarette smoking. Politely the missionary asked her not FROM China a medical missionary to smoke in meeting. "But," ex- sends this appeal: "Weare at the claimed the woman in amazement, stage where the whole progress of holding out her cigarette, "these come modern medicine in China is being from your honorable country." It retarded by the absence of a nursing took some time for the missionary to profession among the Chinese wo- explain that people from her "demen. It is becoming increasingly based" country were of varied types easy to get a good foreign-trained and different purposes. Chinese doctor; our equipment is rapidly becoming as good as is to be The Continent. found anywhere in the wide world. But we have no nurses. That is be- Wanted-A School coming the cry of medical missions in China today: foreign nurses to A CHINESE woman of Canton conduct training schools in connection wanted her son to enter a Chriswith our hospitals." tian school. When she applied she was told there was no dormitory . "Self-Come" Water room. She then asked how much it T HE average' Chinese rustic is be- would cost to erect such a building. wildered by the unaccustomed When told $3,999 she said, "AU comforts of a mission hospital. right; I will build one." Are Chris- Having indicated his intention of un- tian schools appreciated by the Chi- dergoing treatment, he first makes the nese? Bible Study.

acquaintance of the uniformed bath Rag Tag Sunday Schools boy, a muscular factotum who mag- "WHEN is Sunday? How many more days?" question the little nifies his calling and takes profes- beggar children of Tengchowfl1, sional pride in the output of hi." de- Shantung, China, when they chance to meet the missionary in the IPartment. When simple hot water street. Ragged, dirty and often naked, carrying their smaller brothers and soap do not produce results and sisters on their backs or breasts, and some carrying their little baskets which satisfy his discriminating taste, in which they put their millet cakes, sweet potatoes, or other food they he brings into play an aid similar recelve by their begging. They nev- ertheless have a bright smile for the to a curry-comb. After this process white missionary who teaches on Sunday i-n the "Rag Tag" Christian the patient is introduced to a clean Sunday-school. The School, com- posed almost entirely of these little ;suit of clothing, while his own ap- street waifs, has a total enrolment of 400. The missionary has not the parel is rendered innocuous by fumi- heart to tell one of them to go home. to put.on a garment and return. gation. Not infrequently a patient from the backwoods manifests a su- perstitio,+s fear of the "self-come"

water, but owing to the familiarity which is supposed to breed contempt he may in a few days become one of those who amuse themselves by turning the water on and off at the risk of flooding the whole establish- ment. G. VV. HAMILTON, M. D.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

They often have but one garment, This Committee investigates condi- and that is kept for the winter. tions and gives counsel regarding Therefore we would rather have the matters of missionary policy. children come without clothes than not to come at all. So eager are they Geometric Prt'lgression to get to Sunday-school each week . that long before the hour for as- REV. CYRUS A. CLARK, of Mi- sembling they are in their appointed yazaki, writes that twenty-eight seats. A bright colored post card or and a half years of work in Hiyuga a Sunday-school card, of which we have resulted in five so-called inde- could use between four and five hun- pendent churches, six churches still dred each week, is ample reward for receiving aid; gospel preaching in their silent interest in the story of the sixty or more places; and twenty- boy Jesus. These they paste on their four Sunday-schools, with 1600 regu- black mud walls, above their mud lar attendants. A non-Christian law- brick beds, and teach their parents yer of the community gave the fol- each week the Golden Text. lowing testimony to the work of the mission: "You cannot estimate OTTO BRASKAMP. the value of Christianity by the nU(ll- ber of Christians. Only to have JAPAN -CHOSEN given the people of the province the idea of only one living and true Federated Missions in Japan God, vs. the 8,000,000 gods of Japan is an achievement great beyond esti- COOPERATIVE effort has brought mate." very encouraging results to Protestant mission work in Japan. Social Service The Conference of Federated Mis- sions was formed in 1902, and was I N COMPARISON with the habit- followed by a Federation of Pro- ual lack of cooperation between testant Churches and a Continuation state and federal authorities in Committee, practically uniting the America, the celerity and thorough- two. The small area of Japan and ness of some Japanese officials is the rapid progress of Japanese commendable. Much has been as- churches have contributed to the complished in the field of govern- success of cooperative effort, for the mental philanthropic work, and the reports of the meetings of the fed- O'Hara Institute for Social Research erated missions are widely published is one agency worthy of mention. and awaken much interest. Prac- The objects of the Institute are: tically all of the Protestant Missions are included except the Prot~st:lnt 1. The study of labor and social prob- Episcopal of America and the Sf'ciety lems. for the Propagation of the Gospel, of England. 2. Investigation by experts of special problems. The Conference of Federated Mis- sions serves as a mediUM"! for refer- 3. Publication of books by experts on ence and united effort for the cooper- social questiol'ls. ating agencies. The Federation of Churches is a distinct organization to 4. To offer prizes for best essays on support cooperative evangelic,il activi- social problems. ties, to express Christian sentiment on social and moral questions, and to 5. To hold meetings for discussion of promote united evangelistic, educa- social questions. tional and benevolent Christian work. The Continuation Committee was or- An experiment at Imamiya is the ganized in 1913 to coordinate all Parents' Consultation Bureau. Any evangelical mission forces in Japan. home problem may be brought here for advice. Osaka has three public lodging houses for laborers, accom- modating in all over three hundred men. One hundred and twenty

municipal apartment houses have side the churches. The Koreans are been built, in connection with which a poor people, but their gifts for this day nurseries are established to pro- year will reach $7000. Included in vide for children of working moth- this budget is a hospital to be built, ers. and toward which one man has Cooperation with these movements given $300 for the purchase of a on the part of Christian leaders will site; another gave $250 and two mean the opening of doors where others $25 each. The Women's Christian ideals can 'be of far reach- Evangelistic Society of Pyeng Yang ing value. Japan Evangelist. voted $400 toward a house for Mr.

Pak. Korean Christians also con- '.rwo Christian Examples duct missions for their own country- A YOUNG Japanese farmer whose men in Siberia, Hawaii and else- family are active opponents of where.

Christianity walks ten miles to attend church service every Sunday morn- Promises in Korea L ing, remains all day until after even-ITTLE change has taken place in Korea as a result of the different ing service and then walks home, reaching there past midnight, with regime. The police methods have the farmers' early rising hour fast not been materially reformed. Ar- approaching. rests are not to be made during Another young Japanese Christian church services, but tortures con- was recently married and instead of tinue as a method of examining pris- taking a honeymoon trip gave the oners. Prisons are not allowed to amount of money this would have be heated in winter, so that some cost to the little preachi':1g place he prisoners have been frozen to death.

attends. Now the Christians there On the other hand, mission colleges are discussing how to spend such are now permitted to teach any lan- unexpected wealth. guage they please and mission schools can hold religious exercises. The Rorean Foreign Missions "Christian Messenger," the Korean I N KOREA, where there are 17,- union church paper, has received per- 000,000 heathen and only 300,000 mission to publish world news, and Christians, one-third of whom are the circulation has risen from 2800 communicant members of the Church, to 7000. It contains two pages of a foreign mission is maintained. In news items, and is a marked conces- 1918, their two missionaries at Lai sion on the part of the Japanese Yang, Shantung, China, were re- authorities.

ported as doing such splendid work among the Chinese that they already The Bible by Correspondence C had a church of 80 members. These ORRESPONDENCE Bible study helps to satisfy the desire of Korean pastors had to learn the Chi- nese language. Rev. S. S. Pak is Christians iJl. remote districts for a now a third missionary to Shantung, fuller knowledge of the Scriptures.

and Dr. Y. S. Kim has been added No less than 1200 in Korea have to the staff. He will conduct a large taken such a course during the past clinic. One new church was built in year. The students are residents of 1919, and nineteen persons have re- all parts of Korea but the work cen- cently been baptized. ters in Pyengyang and is under the The Mission covers the city of Lai direction of Rev. W. L. Swa11en.

Yang and the surrounding country in each direction for a distance of ten New Interest in Leprosy T miles. Three schools, well attended HE Japanese government has granted permission to Severance by Chinese boys, have grown up be-

NEWS FROM MANY LAi-ms

Medical College in Seoul to install turn she had been on furlough only a ward for lepers and a chair for twice. leprosy. This means that students in the college can study leprosy at first U. S. G. Jones of India hand, thus acquiring adequate kno~l­ edge of the disease to ultimately wIpe REV. U. S. GRANT JONES of it out of the land. Dr. A. G. Jullunder, India, died on Decem- Fletcher of the Chosen Mission will ber 22, in a lonely out-district at- have charge of this new work. tended only by two faithful Indians. Mr. Jones was graduated from Continent. Wooster University and Allegheny, Pa., Theological Seminary, and OBITUARY NOTES through Dr. J. C. R. Ewing was per- Dr. Howard S. BUM of Beirut suaded to become a missionary to In- ON SUNDAY May 2nd, the Rev. dia. In 1887 Mr. Jones took up his Howard S. Bliss, D. D., President work at Ferozepur, and the following of Syrian Protestant College, Beirut, year was transferred to Lahore for Syria, died of tuberculosis 31t Saranac district work. uLnaukse~alNlyewstrYonogrk.andDbr.eaBulttisfsulwCa:shr,aisntian character and rendered dlstm- Mrs. Arthur H. Ewing of India guished service both in America and Syria. He was only sixty years of age MRS. ARTHUR EWING, for but his heartrending experiences in several years a Missionary of Beirut during the war and famine the Presbyterian Board in India, rebroke down his health. He was born cently lost her life by being run down in Syria, the son of Dr. Daniel Bliss of by an automobile in New York City Beirut, who preceded his son as presi- as. she was alighting from a trolley dent of Syrian Protestant College. car. Dr. Howard Bliss was graduated from Amherst College in 1882 and from George S. Fisher of Kansas Union Seminary in 1887. After a few years as assistant pastor of Plymouth MR. GEORGE S. FISHER, Gen- Congregational Church, ~r~oklyn, .he eral Secretary of the Gospel 'became pastor of the Chnshan Umon Missionary Union of Kansas City, Congregational Church in Montclair, Missouri, died of typhoid fever on N. J., where he did a remarkable March 22 in Guayaquil, Ecuador, work. In 1902 he was called to the where he was visiting the mission 3tapresidency of the College in Beirut tion of the Society which he founded. and there served for eighteen years Mr. Fisher was formerly a Y. M. C. A. during a period of great storm and secretary, and Rave up that work to esstress. Under Dr. Bliss' administra- tablish the "faith mission" which has tion the College won many friends done a great pioneer work in Morocco and grew to be one· of the best known and the Sudan, in Ecuador and Colomand most influential Christian insti- bia, and among the Navajo Indians in tutions in the Near East. America. Mr. Fisher was a strong personality. a staunch believer in the Miss Holliday of Persia Christian faith and a fearless advo- cate of the strictest Gospel truth. His AFTER thirty-five years of service "Sound the Alarm" articles in "The in Persia, Miss Margaret Y. Gospel Message" called attention to Holliday died March 17 in Indiana- many errors that he believed to be polis from illness directly due to the taught or practiced by religious leadsufferings caused by the war. She ers. Although at times his judgment was seventy-six years old. Miss Hol- was probably defective none doubted liday was the daughter of Rev. Wil- his sincerity or his loyalty to Christ and liam A. Holliday. Until her final re- the Bible. He was a "spiritual detec- tive," and in many ways rendered truly sacrificial Christian service.

Africa; Slave or Free? By John H. In so far as Mr. Harris states

Harris, with preface by Sir Sydney personal convictions, they are Olivier. xix, 244 pp. London: these: The main features of the Student Christian Movement 69. New Africa should be nine. The 1919. relationship of European or Ameri- can Powers should be that of trus- It might be said of this little teeship; the fundamental article of Yolume, intended for the use of administrative policy should be mission study classes in British without respect to color; African universities, as was said of "Dawn sovereignty should be vested in its in Darkest Africa," by the same inbabitants; in land policy, a safe author: "It cannot but be an ad- and adequate tenure should be se- vantage…. that the Government, cured for each native tribe; the Parliament and the general public labor policy should include comshould learn what one so eminently plete freedom of contract; commerqualified as Mr. Harris to instruct cially there should be no discrimithem in the facts of the case has nating barrier raised because of to say on this subject." Sir Syd- race or color; "equal rights for all ney Olivier's ten-page introduction civilized men" should be the motto is also a fine piece of interpretation upon the franchise banner; elemenof a book and its cause. tary education for all and an open doop. for the highest education Mr. Harris has gathered material should be provided; and in the from his many years of residence matter' of religion, missionaries in Africa and his study of the should be entirely free to teach the documents in the case, but he does Christian faith by example and prenot write as a statistician or gov- cept. This conclusion may seem ernment advocate of his cause. He obvious, but the reader will see places before the reader the African that it is not present in many in his environment, surrounded by cases; Africa is not wholly free, his greatest problems, chief among aside from the technical items of which are labor, which he is loath actual domestic slavery and conto render and which the white tract labor under certain foreigners. overlord demands secondarily; land We know of no other book in which is his life and without which which such serious problems are the same white master cannot "car- considered so satisfactorily and so ry on"; and thirdly the universal briefly, and hence we commend objection of the world against his this one with great pleasure. race and color. Three-fourths of the book are devoted to these sub- Plans for Sunday School Evangelism. jects. The last fourth discusses By Frank L. Brown. 12mo. 223 African education, industrial mis- pp. $1.50 net. Fleming H. Revell sions, religious movements in that Co., New York. 1920. continent, and the critics of Christian Missions to Negroes. The This book is of value to all in- Africa of tomorrow as nurtured terested in evangelism, or leading under the League of Nations closes young people into living contact the series of topics. It is a piece with Jesus Christ as their Lord of reasoning which ought to appeal and Saviour. It is written by a to students; for facts, arguments, man who has had unusually wide statistics, testimonies of eminent and successful experience in the observers, abound and help the reader to form his own conclusions. (Continued on page 471) 568

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1920

XLIII NUMBER

THE MISSIONARY EVIEW~ FEBRUARY, 1920 SOME SIGNS OF THE TIMES STUDENT VOLUNTEERS AT AN EPOCH-MAKING DES MOINES CONFERENCE THE UNION UNIVERSITY IN PEKING THE SITUATION IN KOREA UNOCCUPIED FIELDS IN CENTRAL ASIA JOHN R. MUIR STEWARDSHIP AND REDEMPTION EDWIN M. POTEAT THE MISSIONARY OUTLOOK IN KOREA JAMES S. GALE JAPAN WORKING OUT HER PROBLEMS GEORGE W. FULTON A GERMAN PLEA FOR GERMAN MISSIONS A TRANSLATION $2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COPY . MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK AND 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK

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Everywhere in the U. S. Irrespective 01 Denomination The uplifting and educational effect of Universal B'ible Sunday (on November 30th, 1919) was manifest.

Pastors. Christian workers, officers. teachers and churches were quickened and inspired by the recital of the marvelous record of achievement of the Book of Books in every I_and and nation.

Was YOUR church represented in this splendid movement?

Now get ready for Mayflower Universal Bible Sunday (on November 28, 1920) in commemoration of the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers, who built the civilization of this country on the teachings of the Bible.

Pray lor it; work lor it; prepare lor it; live with it; expect great things 01 it,.

The Am~rlcan Bible Society will have ready for distribution In a rew months 1llendid mess_ r::gl~r~~:.r: fo; ~~~~~~~do~~~~~h:~~t~..;e';,1~t':. tm'~l:lll aid In making May ower Universal Applications :J',ould be flIed DOW. They will be tilled at as early a dawas possible.

Address 1:'he Secretaries, 27B, Bible House, New York Please mention TIi" MISSIONARY REVIEW Oli' "'IiE WORloD In writing to advertisers THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN 1.. PIERSON. Editor.

CONTENTS FOR FEBRUARY, 1920 FRONTISPIECE-UNoCCUPII!D FI1!I.DS IN ClN'l'RAI, ASIA.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES • . • . , ……… 81 AN EPOCH-MAKING CoNI'ERENC~ STUD~NT VOr,UNT!W!S AT DES MOIN~S Tm: UNION UNIV$.SI'l'Y AT PEKING THE SITUATION IN KoIlltA EDITORIAL COMMENT • • • • • ROM~N' C~TH~LlCS ~N; P~OT;'ST~NTS THl<: CHANGING ApPREHENSION oF IN AMERICA CHRIST MISS ANNA T. VAN SANTVOORD UNOCCUPIED CENTRAL ASIA. . . . . . . . . By JOHN R. MUIR 91 A careful study, illustrated by maps and photographs, of the unoccupied mission fields of Central Asia, and the possible program for their occupation.

WILLIAM CLIFTON DODD, Apostle to the Tai. . By PAUL M. HINKHOUSE 102 The story of the life and work of one of the great pioneer missionaries, 'who recently .laid down his life while working among the Laos of North Siam.

STEWARDSHIP AND REDEMPTION. . . By REV. E. M. POTEAT, D. D. 113 A forceful presentation of the relationship of the use of property and spirit- ual life.

THE MISSIONARY OUTLOOK IN KOREA By REV. JAMES S. GALE, D. D. 117 A sane view of the present conditions in Korea, and the effect of the recent uprising upon the missionary progress in that country.

RECONSTRUCTION IN WEST AFRICA. . . . . By EDWARD A. FORD 122 A brief description of the effect of the war upon missions in the former German colonies of West Africa.

JAPAN WORKING OUT HER PROBLEMS By Rev. GeoRGE W. FUI,'!'ON, D. D. 125 A clear statement of some of the difficulties of the situation in Japan, as seen by a Christian missionary of long experience.

A GERMAN PLEA FOR GERMAN MISSIONS. . . . . . • • • . . 132 Translation of a statement of the Berlin Missionary Society cOllcerning the future of missions in former German colonies and in other mission fields.

. "A FOREIGN DEVIL OF THE SECOND DEGREE". . By REv. C. E. SCOTT 136 THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN Edited by MRS. W. H. FARMER 137 A Nsw WAY FOR A NEW DAY M~SSAGES FROM ORII,NTAI, STUDENTS NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 141 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY • 157 TERMS: $2.50 a year. (~.OO in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Sin&'le copies 25. cents. Pubhshed Monthly. Copyrighted, 1919, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second c1als matter at the postoflice at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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A tree burning for 9 months EDITORIAL AND

CHAT ~et on fire June, 1918, and still burning last March. Would your Sunday-school Perhaps you feel isolated even class want to hear more if you began from our thoughts of you-you may your lesson on "Sin and Its Conse- quences" that way? think that here in our office we Death never means annihilation cannot appreciate the kind of man -it means separatiou. Physical death, or woman you are; how you feel soul and body separat.>d. Spiritual and what your desires are, the aims death: soul separated from Cod. Ever- you have in life. But we know you lasting death: soul and body separated better than you may think, and we from God forever. Would this have made want you to feel that you know us.

that lesson on Sin's Consequences clearer?

Motherhood and sorrow . After reading the Review year after year you must have some conception -why have they always been linked of the people who edit it-the kind together? And why is man, not woman, of folk who have a part in produc- the head of the race and family? Could you answer these questions when you ing it. Sometimes you write us of taught that lesson of Siu? your hopes and ideals or ask our advice and this draws us nearer to Fishin' Up ole Sucker Run -when we were boys, and, feeling under you. Again you may have a sug- the bank for a sucker, grabUng by mis- gestion to give us and once in a while you complain about this or take Mr. Water Snaker Yes it makes a that, and often you send words of great illustration for teaching the lesson of Sin.

A single grain of iodine encouragement which help to brighten -will discolor seven thousaud times its the day.

weight of water. See the point? Each day's correspondence makes New Thought and Christian Science stronger the link between us, gives -did you show your class their poison us a fresher insight into the hearts when you taught the lesson on Sin? "Sin of our friends. How then can we is a delusion … unreal," says Mrs. Eddy. fail to understand the people who "Christ died for our sins," says God. are interested in the things the Re- Does your class know where the lie is? view stands. for-the cause which binds us close in fellowship? All these vivid points We want the Review to be of were in one department of one recent issue of constant help and inspiration to you, and as it is our endeavor to broaden when the Improved International Uuifonn its sphere of usefulness, we ask you to encourage others to subscribe Sunday-School Lesson Was on "Sin and Its for it, that they also may be benefited. Consequences." They are from Increased circulation means a wider usefulness; increased efficiency in Th. Lesson Pilot By CharI•• Gallaudel Trumbull missionary work at home and abroad. The Lesson as. Whole Prophecy in this Lesson By W. H. Griffith Thoma•. D. D. Our advertisers know how we feel The Bu~ Men's Corner By Howard A. Bank. Illuatr.t",,! Round Table By William H. Ridgway My Chias of Girl. By 100,000 Reader. The Lesson Csrtoon By Mrs. S. H. Askew By E. J. Pace But to these are added every week Pucker's .about you-we tell them. And it "Boy's-Eye-View," Philip E. Howard's Plat- is our estimation of you which has form word, Mrs. Bryner's Primary help, led them to purchase space in the Review's columns. That our judg- Prof. Charles Calvert Ellis' "Teaching Prin- ciple," and the fascinating Little. Jetts Teaching the Lesson ment of you is correct is shown by the gratifying returns advertisers OftI- '. It is true to tbe whole Bible as the infalllble Word of God, and tbe have had from the RevIew. We .'A Qel"',;t[ shed blood of Jesus as the only need the support of advertisers for THE C-9l.t. way of salvation. this every- income sake, and then again we feel week Interdenominatjonal that the advertising section is of Journal for Adults In real value to you, giving you sug- TSUIMNDESAYCSOCM HOPOLAN"Yt"e""," Bible .study and gestions for use in your work, for 1131 W.I…t St., Philo. Oq~ T,achlng, Sunday- personal wants, for your reading, the school needs of your church, your home.

7. -~ For the 26 cents enclosed 10 p_ .and The Sunday r"e,,~.. 8chool TimlIII for 10 weekS to ….0. 1- your society or school and in many q N~e other ways. It will pay you to know ————————— ~&~ our advertisers in the same way that Ad~ ~ it pays them to know you.

Please mention TaB MIslnoNAIIT REvllIlw 01' 'rllB WORLD In writlnc to ad,."rttlen MISSIONARY PERSONALS RIW. SAMU!!I. M. ZW!!MI!R, D. D., of Cairo, in response to an urgent cablegram from Dr. John R. Mott, returned to America in December to soeak at the . Student Volunteer Convention in Des Moines, Iowa, December 31 to January 4.

MI.I.!!. JUI.IA ME;RI.!! D'AuBIGNE, youngest You, daughter of the Genevese historian, is now in America for the purpose of raising Inasmuch as 350.000 users have testified to the funds for the families of French Protest- wonderful results obtaJned from the "ACOUSTIant pastors. CON." we fool perfectly safe In urging every deaf person, wtthout a penny of expense, solely and FI.E;MING H. RIWI!r.I., the publisher, has entirely a.t our risk to accept the been elected to represent the American Committee of the Mission to Lepers at Famous Acousticon the All-India Leper Workers' Conference to be held at Calcutta in February. For 10 Days' FREE TRIAL DR. CORNE;I.rus H. PATTON, after an ab- NO DEPOSIT – NO EXPENSE sence of over six months in China, Korea and Japan, has returned to his Boston Slnce the perfecting of our new If ACOUsrICON." It 1& headquarters, having gathered much valu- smaller, better. aod Just as strong 88 ever. able material for surveys of the Interchurch World Movement. th~UEf~~o~tWIl~~W~~ y~'lt:~rf3dJt h=nlr!r~::l ~ cent. tor we even pay delivery cha.rges. RE;V. E. M. POTIlAT, D. D., formerly President of Furman University, South WARNING! ~h~e~d·~otD':n:::so:, ll~ar":~~i Carolina, has been elected executive secretary of the department of promotion of offer BS "We do, so do not send money for any Instru.. religious life in the Baptist General Board ment for the denf until you baTe tried It. of Promotion. Tbe uACOUSTICON" has improvements and patented features which cannot be duplicated. So no matter what r.1Uclfu~T~~8:kl!. t~~;S!ndsec~~:C:;~~=~y~uO!l;:: to decIde. Address Didograpb Products Corporation, 1447 BId•.. NewYork MRs. WII.I.IAM H. FARMI!R, Director of nlontgoDlery VVard Women's Activities of the Interchurch World Movement, is preparing a plan to & Company enlist women in the Ten Million League of Christian Stewards. Manufacturers and Exporters of General Merchandise M:a. W. R. LAN!!, Y. M. C. A. worker among soldiers in Egypt, is spending the first three months of 1920 in cooperation with all Christian agencies which are working among imperial and colonial troops in Egypt.

RIW. STANr.I!Y JONE;S, of India, will visit Have catered to the requirements of Siam to assist in a special evangelistic Missionaries in all parts of the world, campaign. Bangkok has an estimated In- for over 25 years. dian population of 5,000, and it is hoped' that much will be accomplished among You are Invited them by the visit of a missionary from their home land. to write for a copy of our large Catalog of general Merchandise and our special GUY W. HAMRTON, M. D., of Shuntefu, China, has been appointed a delegate to Missionary Circular the post-war conference of Presbyterian missionaries, to be held in Princeton, We guarantee safe delivery N. J., June 19-27, 1920.

R!!v. GOORG!! L. DAVIS, Methodist mis- anywhere sionary in Peking, and DR. MARK S. Hop- MONTGOMERY WARD & COMPANY KINS, of Shansi, have been awarded the decoration of Chiao He, third rank, for Misaionary Bureau work in flood and famine relief. CHICAGO, ILL.

(Continued on page VI) Pleas, mention 'l'mI MISSIONARY RBVIEW 011' THlI WOIILII In Wl1tInc to advertisers YEAR BOOK MISSIONARY PERSONALS OF THE CHURCHES Continued from pag, v FOR 1920 REV. PAUL KANAMORI, Japanese evan- CONTAINS gelist, has come to America to equip himself for still greater service in his own Directory of Religious Bodies of U. S. country. He has established his headquar- ters at Hartford, Conn., and expects to Officers, boards. schools. periodicals visit many sections of the United States Directory of Interchurch Organizations during 1920.

Headquarters. officers. purpose MiISS HELEN McDOUGALL of Edinburgh, Listof Chaplains in Army and Navy associate of the late Dr. Elsie Inglis in Official Religious Statistics the famous Scottish Women's Hospital Unit in Serbia, has gone to Peru to take Churches. Home and Foreign Missions. up medical mission work under the United Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A. Free Church of Scotland. Description of Federal Council Description of Interchurch World Move- MISS HERMAINE DAKESIAN, a twenty- ment. year-old Armenian, who survived four years of Turkish cruelty, has entered Etc., etc. Oberlin College, Ohio.

Every Church Worker Needs It DR. T. JAYS, missIOnary of the Church Missionary Society and a former secre- Price 75 cents tary of the Student Christian Movement, has accepted the post of Vice-Principal of . Federal Council of the Churches Livingstone College, Leyton, England.

105 E. 22d Street, New York Cit, REV. CHARLES M. SHELDON, D. D., author of "In His Steps" and other vol- umes, became Editor-in-chlef of The ChristicIn Herald, on January 1st.

Old Bibles DR. FRANCIS E. CLARK sailed January Re .. Bound 10 for a Christian Endeavor journey of three or four months in France, Switzer- Haven't you often wanted that old land, Jugo-Slavia and Finland. Bible re-bound-that old Bible with all REv. M. ELI BIlRTALO't, head of the Waldensian chaplains and a knight of the crown of Italy, has come to the United States on a speaking tour in behalf of the Waldensians.

its associations and sentiment ";I You MR. WILLIAM T. ELLIS, journalist and lecturer, who was accused by the British have wondered where you could have government of making seditious speeches in Egypt last year, has been completely the work done and perhaps you have exonerated from all such charges by the State Department at Washington. thought the price would be prohibitive. The rebinding of Bibles requires the work. DR. ALBERT CARLESS, a famou& English surgeon and author of a Manual of manship and services of men who have made Surgery which is known in Europe and a specialty of this kind of work. You can America and has been translated into have your Bible expertly rebound in leather Chinese, Arabian and other languages, has or cloth. decided to devote the remainder of his life to work as medical director of the Send me your Bible by parcel post insured Bernardo Homes in England. – I will send you an estimate of the cost subject to your approval before the work is MISS CAROLINE C. BUSH, missionary of done. If this estimate is not satisfactory, 1 the American Board in Harpoot, Turkey, will return your Bible without charge. for thirty-eight years, died in Auburndale, Mass., November 26, 1919. Miss Bush R. H. HOWLAND was the youngest and last of the group 156 Fifth Ave., New York of eight missionaries who built up the Harpoot station.

Pi…. meatiol> TBlI Ml88ION.utT RBVIBW or THJI WOBLD In writlnc to ad.,ertlar.

8140 STUDENT VOLUNTEERS HAVE GONE IN THE PAST THIRTY· THREE

Mexico 202 Central America 60 Europe 42 Turkey 270 India 1570 China 2525 Siam, etc. 155 Oceania 68 West India 226 South America 574 Africa 869 Arabia 31 Persia 76 Japan, etc. 987 Philippines 217 Other Landa 275

GREAT AUDIENCE OF' SEVEN THOUSAND STUDENTS AT THE VOLUNTEER CONVENTION IN DES MOINES

The delegates included nearly five hundred foreign students from various mission fields

MISSIONARY

EVIEW, FEBRUARY, 1920 )f""". Two AN EPOCH MAKING CONFERENCE I T is difficult to estimate the positive or relative importance of contemporaneous events. A seemingly insignificant occurrence may, in the light of subsequent history, prove to be the means of turning the world upside down. Few, if any, who lived in the days of the Apostle Paul, or of Savonarola, or of William Carey could have foretold the train of events that were to follow from movements initiated by them. "Behold how great a matter (for good or for evil) a little fire kindletb." Two years ago the REVIEW published an address delivered by Mr.•Tames M. Speers, of New York, at the Foreign Missions Conference. This was one of the forerunners of what has now become the great "Interchurch World Movement." This Movement has now an employed force of nearly fifteen hundred men and women, has united in a common task over thirty denominations and nearly a hundred Protestant missionary organizations, and proposes to appeal to American Christians for over one billion three hundred thousand dollars in five years for Protestant benevolent work at home and abroad! The conception is tremendous and inspiring.

The Interchurch World Survey Conference met in Atlantic City, January 7 to 9, under the auspices of the Interchurch World Movement to present to leaders of the various denominations the facts revealed by the surveys thus far completed, showing the magnitude of the task before the Christjan Church, the resources available and the need for immediate, united and harmonious action to win the world to Christ. It was an inspiring and remarkable conference and one that may well be regarded as epoch making to the Church and the world. Nearly fifteen hundred delegates came together from all parts of the United States. For: three days they met in almost continuous session from 9 :15 a. m. until 10 p. m., and in addition many were engaged in conferences at breakfast, luncheon and dinner, and far into the nights.

81

The conference was planned and conducted in a masterful way. The ground floor of the steel pier was filled with a striking exhibit of charts, mottoes, maps, photographs and books to show the results of the surveys at home and abroad. The sessions were first devoted to a graphic presentation of the results of the surveys of the home fields and problems, the religious educational institutions, hospitals and benevolent homes, and the needs of people in foreign lands. Then followed the presentation of the vast resources of the Christian Church in spiritual possibilities, in money and in men, and the plans for marshaling these in a united effort of evangelical Christians to obey the commands and follow the lead of Jesus Christ for the redemption of mankind. One very telling address waS that given by Dr, S. Earl Taylor, in which he showed how the Centenary Movement of the Methodist Episcopal Church has increased the income of the Methodist Boards from a little over three million to over twenty million a year.

Carefully chosen committees studied the program of the movement, the proposed budget and the plans for a financial campaign and presented their recommendations to the conference. These reports were fully and freely· discussed, questions and objections were answered and as a result the conference heartily approved of the plans of the Movement and set the date for the simultaneous financial inga,thering for April 21st to May 2nd, of this year. January ·will be devoted to Spiritual Resources, February to Stewardship and March to Life Service Campaigns.

The result of this confe'rence is to make the Interchurch World Movement an accredited organization and to set the approval of leaders of most branches of the Evangelical Christian Church in America on the plan to cooperate in a world wide survey, a nationwide presentation of the needs of men and a simultaneous effort to enlist Christians in the effort to supply the men and money needed for the speedy evangelization of the world.

THE STUDENT VOLUNTEERS IN DES MOINES .UPPOSE that the seven thousand students at the recent Student Volunteer Convention in Des Moines had all vol- S unteered in a body to go to the foreign mission field. Would it be an advantage to the missionary cause to send them T The need of the various fields was powerfully presented and many moving appeals were made for immediate reinforcements. If such appeals had been made for soldiers, doctors and nurses during the war, no doubt a very large proportion of the students would have offered themselves, for they were a splendid, earnest body of young men and young women. But it would be little short of a calamity if all the students at Des Moines were to be sent to the

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

field. It would be as foolish and as disastrous as it would be to send volunteers promiscuously to represent the American govern- ment in foreign lands. That is to say-these young men and young women are not ready. The most important thing in mission- ary work is not workers, nor is it money. The thing of first im- portance is that those whom God calls for His work, respond by yielding themselves fully to Him, and that they go where He would send them-here or there is of secondary importance!

That the Des Moines Convention had some practical resultl!l of the right sort is shown by the remark of a Princeton man at one of the delegation meetings, who said: "Well, fellows, I know what this means for me. It means that I must go back home and evangelize my own father in this generation." If such a spirit and practical fruitage could come to each of the seven thousand students it would mean the speedy evangelization of America and' of the world. These students came from over one thousand educational institutions and represented the 300,000 members of the student bodies in the 3,000 colleges, universities and professional schools of North America.

The gathering of such an immense number of young men and young women as crowded the Ooliseum of Des Moines, Iowa, for four days (December 31st to January 4th) was in itself an inspiration. One could not fail to be thrilled by the possibilities wrapped up in such a host of young lives if only they could be vitalized, directed and empowered by the Spirit of God. The volume of song as seven thousand voices joined in singing "May Jesus Ohrist Be Praised" or "The Son of God Goes Forth to War," stirred one's heart as did the addresses from such leaders as Sherwood Eddy, from missionaries like Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer. from Board Secretaries like Dr. John W. Wood, from teachers like Dean Brown of Yale, public men like Dr. George E. Vincent of the Rockefeller Foundation, from church leaders like Bishop W. F .. McDowell of Washington, from women like Helen Barrett Montgomery of RochesteT, and from the products of miJssions like Paul Kanamori of Japan.

A most impressive sight was the gathering of young men and young women of other races from all the great mission ·fields-the living products of Ohristian missions. These included 153 Ohinese, fifty-five Japanese and eighteen Filipinos, as well as nearly two hundred from some forty other lands, such as Korea, India, Africa, Mexico, South America Europe and Hawaii. It was like a visit to the mission fields to go from one of these foreign delegates' conferences to another, hearing the discussions of the problems of non-Ohristian religions, politics and religion, social and industrial welfare, education, medical work and evangelism in each separate country. The eloquence and earnestness of these foreign students

was an example to the American college students, too many of whom come without serious purpose or interest in Christian missions. Here also was a concrete example of the unity of all races and classes, and types of thinking in the one family of Jesus Christ.

The tide of interest rose as the days progressed, and many who had come from curiosity, for social reasons, or because they expected merely a great student rally, were captured for Christ and His service. The effect of the war was' evident in the mental attitude of the students. There was a demand for facts and for open discussion of problems rather than a desire to listen to the statements of ideals and exhortations to follow them. Nevertheless many delegates were led to the point of surrender of their lives to Christ and saw a new vision of the need of the people untouched by Christ. The 1,500 student volunteers present were a noble band whose influence permeated the convention. This is twice the total number of the delegates who met in the first Volunteer Convention in Cleveland in 1891. They were the crusaders already committed to serve in the great campaign to reclaim the world for Christ.

The volunteer Movement has had an incalcuable influence in the world since it was founded thirty-three years ago,-already over 8,000 volunteers have sailed. In addition to this 47,000 students are now enrolled in mission study classes; colleges and seminaries have established missionary lectureships, students are themselves giving over $300,000 a year to missions; the WorId Christian Student Federation has been formed, enrolling Christian Rtudents in all lands and untold influence has been exerted on churches and colleges at home and on the mission fields. Among other out-growths of the Volunteer Movement are the Laymen's Missionary Movement and the Missionary Education Movement.

What the recent convention will mean to the delegates, the . Church at home and to the cause of Christ at home and abroad, it is too early to form an opinion. It is not to be judged by the $45,000 per year that was subscribed in a few minutes on Saturday evening for the eX'penses of the meeting, nor by the expressions of approv~l of the meetings nor even by the number of young men and women who signed Volunteer declaration cards-it might be a calamity in some instances to have them take up mission work. The student leaders adopted a resolution (proposed by the New York delegation) recommending that all the delegates, on returning to their universities, devote January to reporting the convention to their fellow students and to the churches; February and March to the study of the teachings of Christ and their application to present conditions; April to recruiting for service at home and abroad and to the pressing of the claims of community betterment

SIGNS OF THE TIMES 8S

and Christian internationalism and that during 1920 an effort be made to raise at least $1,000,000 from college students for Christian work abroad.

The real value of the convention is to be judged by the number of lives that have been brought into vital touch with God through surrender to Jesus Christ, that have brought their lives and ambitions into harmony with His program and that selfforgetfully devote themselves and all that they have to the service of men wherever God may direct them. The leaders who have received the vitalizing influence and the vision at this convention may be the means, under God, of changing the destines of mankind by "the evangelization of the world in this generation."

THE NEW CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY AT PEKING C HRISTIAN education in China has been marked by three distinct tendencies; a movement toward union of various de- nominations in higher education, an increased effort to develop types of education which may be of practical service in China, and a new emphasis upon education for women. These three tendencies are embodied in a unique way by the recently reorganized Christian University of Peking. This unites the Methodist University of Peking, the Union College at Tungchou supported by the Presbyterians, the Congregationalists and the London Missionary Society, and two theological schools in which the same four denominations have been represented. The University expects to include departments of arts and iSciences and theology, schools of education, of jouralism, of agriculture and forestry, and of vocational and industrial training. With it is to be affiliated the Womans Union College at Peking.

Among the leaders called to the University from other parts of China are a president, Dr. J. Leighton Stuart formerly of the Theological Seminary atNanking, a vice-president, Henry W. Luce, formerly of Shantung University and a secretary, Mr. W. Reginald Wheeler, formerly secretary of Hangchow Christian College. A site for the University has been chosen, and a campaign for $2,000,- 000 for buildings and equipment is being conducted in England, America and China, under the leadership of the University Board of Trustees.

The plan of a great Christian University in Peking has developed by a resistless evolution in the minds of the members of the missions in China, after the complete destruction of every mission plant in the Boxer ,cataclysm of 1900. There should be at Peking one of the strongest Christian universities, not only in China but in Asia, because in all human probability Peking will continue to be the capital of the most populous nation of the world.

Not only has the university been thus welcomed by recognized

Christiall leaders, such as Dr. Arthur H. Smith and Dr. John R. Mott, but it has also received support and help from representatives <of Chinese business and political leaders.

Mr. Julian Arnold, American Commercial Attache at Peking Bxpresses the opinion that since the China of fifty years hence will be directly influenced by the character of education given Chinese ;sons and daughters during the next ten or twenty years, men and women mu!:?t be trained to meet the needs of a modern industrial, commercial, agricultural and economic society,but unless great care is exercised in planning the sort of education for these needs, this education may fail utterly in giving to the people those ethical concep·· tions of the relations of man to man essential to their success and happiness. In a word, the leaders of the new China must be men and women of strong Christian character, if China is to be a blessing to modern civilization.

THE SITUATION IN KOREA A CORRESPONDENT in Seoul writes that since the new Jap- anese administration came into office (September 1st) some minor reforms have been announced and a promise of selfgovernment has been made-to come into effect "when the time is considered opportune." The government is undoubtedly more disposed than formerly to consider the feelings of the Koreans, but with no idea apparently of granting them independence. No general amnesty has been granted to those imprisoned on political grounds, nor have flogging and torture been abolished. . The Koreans on their part are bitterly opposed either to (extermination or to absorption. They will be satisfied only with :autonomy. Some are inclined to compromise and to take what (they can get. They have adopted a policy of watchful waiting and have declined, in spite of warnings, to display the Japanese flag before their shops on holidays. The students have returned to school and educational work is returning to normal conditions. Students in the higher grade schools refused to attend the ceremonies on the Emperor's birthday on October 31st, when all students are required to bow before the Emperor's picture. Suspension for this rebellion has been threatened but no action has been taken by the authorities. The Christians are naturally very much disturbed, and the :work in mission schools and churches is greatly hampered because of the general unrest.

There is hope that the Japanese will conciliate the Koreans and will grant many liberal reforms, such as the repeal of the ordinance requiring the use 0.£ the Japanese language in schools, giving equality before the courts, enforcing social justice, granting political amnesty and abolishing all forms of torture in the examination of prisoners. Korea is still at a critical stage.

A CHANGING APPREHENSION OF CHRISID,· ''

C HRISTIANITY is not the unchanging apprehension or Christ. While He is the same yesterday and today and forever' in Himself, woe to the Christian, if Jesus Christ is only the same to us today that He was yesterday and is to be the same tons tomorrow that He is today. Christianity is the apprehensiqn of the unchanging Christ. – Our great need in personal religious experience is the 'dis- covery of the as yet unapprehended resources and gifts which are available for us in the exhaustless and illimitable Lord. In one sense, it is a new discovery that we need i in another sense, it is only a rediscovery of that which was apprehended by men long centuries ago. We must find, somehow, a way to expand our conception of Christ, so that we can recover that early apostolic belief in Him not only as the Divine Saviour of man, but as the complete revelation of the ideal character of man and of the true spirit of human society. When individual character stands in the illumination of Christ's own presence, men get their first startling apprehension of how absolute and commanding and complete is the figure of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Let any man bring his cha.racter or his ideals of character into that light, and something speaks to him at once that ranges beyond all that he has ever known or been.

Horace Bushnell wrote a chapter on the character of Jesus in which he showed the impossibility of His classification With men. He called the chapter "The Character of Jesus" but any man who reads the chapter -sees that it ought to bear. the. title "The character of Horace Bushnell revealed by his capacity to estimate the character of Jesus Christ."

Just in proportion as we bring our lives into the unclouded scrutiny of the presence of Christ, we see a vision looining above us, and realize that there is a call to enlargement of human character, to great ranges of human hope and faith, the possibilities of human friendship and affection, revealed in Christ, only on the threshold of which Christian men have ever dared to begin to -stand.

But it is not only that larger apprehension of Christ as the revelation of individual character that we need today, it is the revelation of Christ Himself as the new and authentic spirit. of human society. Men on .every hand today are making a claim • Note8 from an address given at the Y. M. C. A. Convention in Detroit. R. 2. s.

87,

for a partisan Christ. The whole movement of Bourbonism is Ol.r economic life 'has tried to shelter itself behind the figure of Christ as the justification of, an economic, static order in human society. On the other hand, the whole body of wild radicals who would surrender the priceless traditions of the past and, all the slowly accumulated gains of our age long struggle are trying to thrust their banner of radicalism into the hands of the Carpenter revolutionist.

Christ will be made the head of no faction, the leader of ~o party. Christ stands for the' spirit of absolute, sacrificial f:!r~d unselfish ministry in the whole of human life, and society will continue just as we see it today, a great welter of conflicting interests across the chasms within a nation and across the ~fs that lie between the nations, until that larger Christ OOllles in, who shall lay His standards of character on every man and the spirit of His broad love on all human life.

.In the second place, we need the enlargement of our apprehen- ~on 'of Christ to recover the old apostolic faith in Him, as the liIni,tless, all-powerful Saviour. The impress that He made on His time was the impresS' of power, of fortitude, of limitless courage, of faith in the unseen: no impression of weakness in t.hat great Spirit that had burst in revolt against all the limitations and the bounds of life in the years gone by!

The great outstanding word of the New Testament is the word "power." In the Concordance it occurs nearly three times as often as the word "hope" or the word "prayer" and twice 8S often as the noun "love." The great note of Christ's work in the world, the great note of His perpetual eminence in humanity is the note of power. He was "declared to be the Son of God with power by His rising again from the dead."

We need that larger view of Christ that will not abridge or limit His power. We need His power of fearless and penetrating diagnosis of moral and spiritual need. We need that power released upon our life in larger volumes today, to break the shackles of all our old habits of acceptance of what was practicable, our habits of acquiescence in moral achievement in life, our habits of surrender to defeat and shortcoming and moral delinquency. We need to realize that there are no psychologic laws that can abridge or limit or hinder the power that raised Jesus Christ from the dead. There are no limitations around the power of God. A God who was able to conquer death by the resurrection of His son is able today to slay any foe that needs to be slain, to do any work that needs to be done, to bnild in our own generation the walls of the Kingdom of God upon the earth.

We need a larger thought of Christ's power, as unhindered, as

EDITORAL COMMENT

revealing the real modern need of humanity, to accomplish today the work that our day needs.

Once again we need the expansion of our thought of Christ to understand Him in the sense in which the New Testament conceived Him. It is the wonder of all time that the Holy Spirit was able to expand the mind of that generation so it' could appre- hend Christ. As Somerville has put it in his great book on St. Paul's conception of Christ, we need to conceive Him now more than ever in human history as the Head of all humanity.

Of course, we can say that we will shelter ourselves within the boundaries of our own nation, but we can only say it, we can never do it. We never can deny the absolute and irresistible facts .

of the world today. Life the whole world over is all one life now, and you can never tear the interests of the nations asunder again.

Anyone nation, of course, can deny itself the gains of acknowledg- ing the facts of human life and relating itself to the rest of the world, but can never escape the penalties of that relationship, nor ever again in human history dissociate its interests, even the least of them from all the interests of mankind everywhere. .

We need to pass out not only into the larger thought of Christ as· the revelation of personal character and the spirit that ought to pervade human society, as the fountain of power and the revealing of God's will which He would like to achieve through man; we need to let into our lives the thought of Christ in the relationship which He sustains to you and to me, because poten- tially He sustains that same relationship to every man. W:e must lay hold on Him and let Him lay hold on us, as the light of all the world today, and interpret the character and obligations of Christian manhood in terms of thought characteristic of Christ and be ourselves the bearers of that light to all the darkened sections of the world.

The trouble of mankind today is no mere ethical trouble; it is a biological trouble. We have not the energies of life within us and we never can draw out of our tepid wills and our moral feebleness the great energies that alone can remake the world.

We must tap the new Fountain of life, the great Fountain of God's own life, unsealed in the Cross and the open grave of Christ. We must take Him not only as the Light of the World and as the life of man, but we must take Him as our Head, and, because our Head, the Head of all humanity.

Ohrist came to be not the Head of us, one by one, in our churches, in this brotherhood alone, but He came to be the Head of all mankind. No religion of social methods, of political systems, of moral ideals, has the flexibility and the adaptation and the power to make it fit the needs of the living world. Only the personal faith, behind which lies the infinite Pers'on, our Lord

Jesus Christ, is adaptable to the needs of all men in all lands, in all times. He is sufficient, this greater Christ, for all the world now!

But our problem is not about Christ; our problem is about ourselves. Do we conceive Him in truth or have we emptied Christ of His greatness ~ Have we been satisfied with· some small, partial figure, when the iniinite and inexhaustible Lord was calling us; have we failed Him? Are we afraid to let Him make us greaU Are we so little and so content in our littleness, that we dare not pass out of it at His call, who would bid us walk with Him in the great free ranges of the unmeasured power of His Father ~ Are we timid to make this known to men; to go out into the world and tell men Who has the remedy for human sickness 1 We live today in a practically unevangelized world; l!nd yet we have a Christ adequate for every man, and He is asking us, not do we think that He is sufficient, but how far we have fallen from being even the men that He has a right to expect us to· be. Is it not time that we began now to be that kind of men; to believe in the Christ of the New Testament; today, whim He laid hold upon us in our weakness and our loneliness, became our strength and our friend T MISS ANNA T. VAN SANTVOORD O NE OF THE members of the Board of Directors of the Missionary Review Publishing Company, Miss Anna T. Van Santvoord of New York, fell asleep in Christ on the evening of December 23rd. The loss to the REVIEW and to the missionary cause is most keenly felt as Miss Van Santvoord had, by her fidelity, her high ideals, her wise counsel and her generous gifts helped to direct the policies of the REVIEW for the past year and she had made it possible for many missionaries to receive the henefit of the monthly visits of the magazine. For many years she had been vitally interested in all forms of Christian work and was a generous supporter of missionary and benevolent enterprises.

The many devoted friends of Miss Van Santvoord have suffered an unspeakable loss, but the memory of her Christlike character and radiant life, her loving service, her sympathetic and helpful comradeship, will never pass away.

Miss Van Santvoord was the daughter of the late Commodore Van Santvoord, the founder of the Hudson River Day Line, and was an active member of the Reformed Church in America. Her many natural gifts and graces were crowned by a deep spiritual life so that all her talents were used in the service of her King and of His children. Her liberality extended her ministries not only over America but to far distant lands, so that her influence was in· reality world wide.

A GLIMPSE OF THE TIBETAN TABLE LANDS AND MOUNTAIN

Unoccupied Fields in Central Asia BY JOHN R. MUIR, PENGSHAN HSIEN, SZCHUAN Missionary of the China Inland Mission GREAT CRISES produoe great heroes. Now that the world war has come to an end what will become of the martial spirit that has spent itself in military campaigns 1 Let us hope that the spirit of service and sacrifice will manifest itself in hard and dangerous tasks undertaken for J lesus Christ. One such task that calls for volunteers is to enter those fields now without a knowledge of Christ, and none of these is more in need of pioneers than the great unevangelized stretches of Central Asia.

A glance at the map is sufficient to show that there is still much land to be possessed. Practically the whole of the mountainous region of Asia lies in utter ignorance of Christ. "This mountainous country (from 1200 E. 500 N.) stretches in a southwesterly direction and is fairly continuous all the way from Manchuria (across Mongolia and Eastern Turkestan) to the 91

Tianshan Mountains of Turkestan." 1 South of this is an immense depression, in places lower than sea-level and as far ·as the Kwenlun Mountains, where the rise commences to the level of the Tibetan Plateau. It is bounded by Kashmir on the west, India on the south, .and China on the east. This enormous mountain region is to Asia what Switzerland is to Europe. From these mountains flow the great rivers which bring life to the fertile valleys of Siberia, China and India.

These mountainous wastes are not uninhabited, for men have chosen to live there. Many tribes live in Central Asia under varied conditions. There are the Tartar hordes who overran Asia and part of Europe, and the Manchus who went to China. The histories of China are full of references to the Man and the Meng, the Miao, the Yi, and the Tih-all fearsome tribes who were with difficulty kept beyond the frontiers. The Great Wall stretching across the northern boundary of China tells the story.

Not all of this territory of Central Asia is habitable. There are great deserts, as Gobi in southwestern Mongolia and Taklamakan in Eastern Turkestan. Portions' of Tibet are masses of eternal snow and ice. SOIllle districts are arid and unproductive, and many rivers flow into lakes to which there is no apparent outlet. It would not be an exaggeration to say that fifty percent of the two and one half million square miles will not support a permanent population.

But not all of the territory is a desert. There are rolling grass-lands where the shepherd nomads of Mongolia and Tibet feed their flocks. There are well-watered valleys where the peaoo~ ful Uriankhai of northern Mongolia and the warlike Nepali and Bhutanese gather rich crops. There are centers of population where the Turki traders hold their markets. These fifteen millions of· people need Christ's message of salvation.

The following countries am included in our survey: Mongolia AREA POPULATION E. Turkestan Tibet 1,367,953 sq. miles 3,000,000 Nepal 550579" " 1,200,000 Bhutan 463'320" " 6,000,000 5,000,000 54,'459" " 15,200,000 2,436,311 "

With the exception of Nepal the entire field is very sparsely populated. In some districts people may be found by the thousands while in others there are no dwellings.

• Quoted from "UnknOWD Mongolia" Carruthers.

19201 UNOCCUPIED FIELDS IN CENTRAL ASIA

A GATHERING OF TIBETANS AT A RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL Whether we approach this field from the east, the west, north 01' south, the same difficulties confront one due to the mountains and .the absence of railways. Them are no easy routes to Central Asia nor will there be till 'We are able to travel by air. Travelers who encircle the globe in yachts and cross continents in palace cars would marvel at the slow-moving caravans of awkward looking yak, ungainly camels, or obstinate mules, that cross uninviting mountains by roads of indescribable roughness. Many of the roads reach altitudes of 17,000 feet and the average day's journey is about twenty-five miles.

There are, of course, no continuous water routes. Occasionally there is a river where light craft may go down stream over dangerous rapids. Navigable lakes are almost unknown. Therefore the saddle is the traveler's Sleat month after month. There are no well built highways and many of the roads are mere caravan trade routes. The traders do not stop to repair the roads and the government is indifferent or helpless. The monotony of such traveling is happily relieved by the grassy steppes on which one finds herds and flocks under the care of the shepherds; other days are passed without a sign of "any human beings.

In these regions there are whole tribes of which we know little more than the name; and others still unknown in Europe and America. Missionaries, explorers and travelers have crossed and recrossed these mountains from the time of Marco Polo or of

the ea,rliest Nestorian evangelists, but they have usually followed i~he main highways, so that the country to the right and left still lies in obscurity. Generally speaking, the people of Mongolia, Turkestan and Tibet have many kindred characteristics, though illey may not be of kindred races. Mountain conditions have combined to produce similar types in the Tatars, Turkis and Tibetans. The people of Nepal and Bhutan though similar, have been influenced by the Aryan civilization of India.

In the main, the people of Central Asia are primitive children of nature. Their arts are among the crudest known in the world today, though they have borrowed much from their more civilized neighbors. Living much in the open air they are vigorous and athletic. Were it not for their uncleanly habits they would be healthy; but as it is, filth and immorality produce many diseases. As they have lived long under the authority of a superior government they have learned to be amenable to a degree. T1re,y are, moreover, open-minded and inclined to listen to new ideas. Being accustomed to the servitude imposed upon them by the Chinese overlords, as well as their own feudal masters, they are psychologically fitted to embrace a faith that will give them liberty. They have not yet, however, begun to l'1e,alize the meaning of freedom in Christ Jesus.

The social conditions in Central Asia vary considerably according to the location, race, tribe, or religion. Most of the Mongolians and the Tibetans aIle' nomadic shepherds, and are akin religiously. But in northern Mongolia the Uriankhai are farmers and settled in villages. The people of Turkestan are roving Mohammedan traders, following the ancient trade rout.€,s between western Asia and China. The Ghoorkhas of Nepal are a warlike race who follow agriculture for a livelihood, but ever ready for the warpath.

Mongolia may be divided into four zones: Southern zone Cerdos tribes, etc. Pop. 1,000,000 Pastureland No pop. Desert zone (Gobi) One fourth of whole area Waste Central zone South of border ranges Pastureland Uriankhai, Tartar tribes Small Pop. Northern zone 2/3 of Population Most of the country is pasture Dr desert. Recently a British traveler, Douglas Carruthers, has given us additional light on northern Mongolia, and has introduced us to the interesting peoples of that region. He says that two-thirds of the Mongolians live in the northern zone', so that if our previous estimate of 3,000,000 for Mongolia accounts chiefly for the southern tribes, the total number may be considerably larger.

In this part of "unknown Mongolia" are to be found the remains of those Tartar tribes which once oVierran the world. Kublai Khan almost accomplished what Napoleon and others have sought to do. With his capital in a remote comer of Mongolia,

UNOCCUPIED i<'IELDS IN CENTRAL ASIA

where once his ancestors dwelt in humble tents, he fixed his magnificent court from whence he ruled the world. The children of his shepherd warriors still live there, but the world is unknown to them and they are unknown to the world. To the northward beyond the ranges of the plateau in the upper basin of Siberia's great River, Yenisei, are people called Uriankhai and Kalmuk. They are still nominally a part of Mongolia, although under a strong Russian influence.

Eastern Turkestan is called by the Chinese Sinkiang, and is sometimes also called Chinese Turkestan. In common with Mongolia, Manchuria and Tibet it has been a dependency of China. It was not one of the provinces but a subject territory. Eastern Turkestan, the most western of China's territories, is divided into three zones: Southern Kashgaria Mohammedan Central Taklamakan Desert Northern Zungaria Mohammedan In Kaspgaris nine-tenths of the, people are said to be Barts, or villagers of mixed Turki extraction. Of the remainder only a very small percentage are of Chinese blood, although the country is ruled by Chinese. Zungaria shows a great admixture of tribes, including Mongolians and Tibetans.

In Tibet we find similar conditions without the vast desert areas, such as are found in Mongolia and Turkestan. The country is divided into several main divisions: North East Kokonor Pastureland South East Khams South Central Tsang Pasture and farming Western Ngari """

Pastureland Between these, and among them, are the waste places. No part of Tibet is under 10,000 ft. in altitude and the average is between 12,000 and 14,000 ft. The people consequently live in the lower valleys, but in summer the nomads may be found on the higher steppes wherever they find pasturage, Many of the social conditions of Tibet are found in the other regions of Central Asia. Practically none of thel Chinese going into these territories' take Chinese wives with them. The result is temporary marriages, with abandonment of wife and children when a changle' of location becomes necessary. Mohammedans of Kashgaria and the Mongolians and Tibetans live very immoral Hves. Polandry, such as exists in Tibet, is not so much a system of conjugal relationship as the result of utter lack of restraint in sex relations.

This custom gives woman a unique position in the household. Her male associates come and go. They may be brothers of a family, or Chinese traders or more transient visitors. She always represents the "home," such as it is, and as such is the "head of the house." The children born under such conditions' live no betiJe'r than their elders. Virtue according to Chinese standards is unknown, and youth is blighted early.

While much of the population is nomadic and moves about as shepherds, or traders, small communities are found in places where more permanent abodes are possible. The nomads have their centers where all gather for mutual protection and assistance during the winter months. They gellJerally live in tents, even in these temporary villages. A Chinese generally builds a house and even the frontier guards and minor military officers live in block houses. Where traders congregate, especially if they are Chinese, shops are built which grow into "streets." These centers are found everywhere. More permanent villages are found where mountain streams permit irrigation. The fields become very productive and as many farmers as possible locate in the surrounding valleys.

Two religious systems are found among these tribes. In Turkestan the people are Sunni Mohammedans and show the characteristics of the Moslems of other lands. Their worship of the "one true God" is incompatible with the lives they live in public and in private. They aIle' very bigoted and cannot readily be turned from their errors.

Mongolia, Tibet and Bhutan are solidly Lamaistic. This system, recognized now as distinct from' Buddhism, has spread over Oentral Asia and has resisted the encroachments of Indian, Chinese and Mohammedan cults. Many Buddhistic ideas are found in Lamaism, but it is difficult to tell where they originated.

Lamaism is a system built upon an original Animism that was probably indigenous to Tibet or to Mongolia. It recognizes the, direct influence of spirits which do good or evil to those they love or hate. Sacrifice and devotion are required to ward off evil and to secure favorable ministrations from the demons. Even the Mohammedanism of Turkestan has not freed the Sarts from this demon-worship, nor has the Buddhism adopted from India done more for the Tibetans and Mongolians.

The lamas may have taken their belief in transmigration of the soul from the Buddhists, or Gautama may have learned much of his philosophy from 'l.oetans.

The Tibetans are essentially a religious people, but as so often happens among Orientals, religion and virtue are not synonymous. From dawn till dark the Tibetan cultivates religious habits. His belief in the supernatural is profound, and he WOf-

ASIA

..OCEAN The bl-=k denotesthe portion 'Of unc"angehzed terrItory he.tcd .n the article It is almost entirely wilho .. t mlSSlonanes.

Irl~h Pr~ M A PORTION OF Plymouth Brethren UNEVANGELIZED eandreS CENTRAL ASIA D ~'shMongotianM .a~umen [ Siolf~ishA1ll11nc:elC.I"U (rvntnfu Scandlnavtan Alliance ( Chlf'la Inland M Svenska MtS5IOnsforbunck>( . Moravian, J Church of Scotland ' Norther,.. Baptist Pentecostal 'BrltlSh) Ctl MlSSiol'ulty H Chmbin iilRd Mos,s All o r0ref811 Chmtliln lot c.n<td'anM~ Froend .. Method,st £p (North) Am B.lpbstFMs..

'or " Work MongoliaM Wu;.. for Tu,1enslan … t WtwtdorT,bebfl'S I'll .Chln~WI')I'konty ~~~~~~~!6~~~[fi~~~ ~~Isslon WIW Needed SSttialllilaoRllSS ,(1"9'1.w81n thUS .c=::J missions LIne of future advuce,t—- ~~ec~::~~"::I~:dO' ~aln HDI A Note ' Only three American Sociellc' h."e work for hAonlOloha ilod Tibet.

flOlll

UNOCCUPIED FIELDS IN CENTRAL ASIA

ships everything in heaven and earth. The forces of nature and the powers of reproduction are worshipped and fignres to r ep- resent such are made for ido ls.

As a final pinnacle to their elab- orate system they have deified men who are supposed to be pos- sessed with the spirits of deities that pass from one generation to another. The Tatar Lama is the greatest of these "divine" he- ings, but there are scores of oth- ers, ca!led hutukehtu throughout the lamaseries of Tibet and Mon- golia.

rrhe lamasery, or monaster y, is generally the center of every large settlement. Fully thirty A TYPICAL TIBETAN per cent of the men of Tibet a re priests. They control everything from finance to religion. The circumstance which has brought the former world conquering Mongolians to their present position of inactivity and poverty is the reli gion of the lamas. It has robbed men of all independence, and sooner or later all the fruit of their labors finds a resting place in some huge r eligious institution.

Bhutan has now been r eestablished as a kingdom with a recognized king. Nepal has had her Maharajah and has learned Te,adily from India, but has not permitted-the missionary to become established there. Under the Republic all that the changes may mean for ·China's territories no one at present can tell.

Since the establishment of the Chinese Republic the Mongo- lians and Tibetans have demanded autonomy, claiming that they were subjects only of the Manchus. Contiguous foreign countries will probably welcome the principle of autonomy throughout Central Asia, using these smaller kingdoms as "buffer states" betWle>en themselves and China. Stable governments will be infinitely better than the old tribal systems, and foreigners will be treated with more consideration.

Large parts of Central A sia are still inaccessible to us. Into these forbidden districts the missionaries of many societies have attempted to enter during past years. The reasons for failure are many, but none of them ought to be sufficient to keep the Gospel out entirely. Isolation, scarcity of supplies, hard traveling, rough living-these are to be expected.

.. The following societies are now most directly. interested in :'·;central Asia. mth the exception of one station in Turkestan, at Urumchi (Tihwafu), all of the other occupied places are on the borders.

I IN MONGOLIA Society Nationality Station Workers Patsibolong 2 Married Scandinavian Alliance American Halong Osso 2 (7) Kalgan 3 Swedish Mongolian Mission Swedish British and Foreign Bible Soc. British ADJAC~NT TO MONGOI,IA The Brethren British rehOI ? Pakow ? Tuchiaopu Irish Presbyterian British Manchuria 2 Swedish Alliance (C. 1. M.) Swedish North Shansi 3 rhga, II IN TURKESTAN 6 6 Swenska Mission Swedish Jarkend China Inland Mission Jengi-Hessar 1 Hancheng 3 International Urumchi 2 III WORK FOR TIB~TANS, IN INDIA r(Kashmir) 10 Moravian Mission In ternational Kyelang " 1 Poo .. 1 Scotch Presbyterian Scotch Presbyterian Kalatse " 1 Scandinavian Alliance Sikkim Mission British Kalimpong 1 " Darjeeling 2 American Kalimpong ?

Independent " 1 WORK FOR TIB~TANS, IN CHINA Christian and Miss. Alliance American Taochow (Kansuh) 7 ~wei(~anSUh) 2 Pentecostal Mission British Likiang (Yunnan) 4 China Inland Mission International T'chienlu (Szchuan) 4 Christian (Disciples) Mission American Weikiu" 2 . Batang" 10 Other societies located near Tibet, but having no work among Tibetans, are the Church Missionary Society (India and Wle'st China), the American Baptists (Burma), the American Methodists

UNOCCUPIED FIELDS' IN CENTRAl., ASIA

(India), the Canadian Methodist (India) and the British and For- eign Bible Societies (itinerant workers.) In Napal and Bhutan, no di- rect missionary work is being done by foreigners, but various societies located in India near the borders of these lands are working through native Chris- tians. Traveling missionaries also come in contact with some of these peoples.

Work has been developed by ten or twelve societies that are now in a position to push their work farther afield. There are other smaller soCieties and some organizations· interested in work among the Chinese and Indians A TYPICAl, TIBETAN PRIEST who could take a share of this neglected work, and would make it necessary for any new organizations to enter the field. But if the Lord cannot induce His servants already equipped to enter the new fields it may become necessary for Him to create a new force which will accomplish His purpose. His work must be done.

All of the workers interested in the Tibetans agree that there has been as yet no decided movement among them toward the Gospel. The Christian and Missionary Alliance of the East report that only about six or eight Tibetans have been baptized in the last nearly twenty years, but the missionaries have gained a standing and influence among them which cannot be estimated.

Prejudice and hatred have given way to friendship 'and confidence.

The Moravians on the' western side of Tibet report that the great hindrance to the work lies in the fact that Buddhism (Lamaism) seems to have dulled the conSCIence of the people, so that an actual sense of sin seems scarcely to be present; and therefore they have no desire for God's pardoning grace.

lnfluences have, however, gone forth from all the stations on Central Asia. Gospels and tracts have been distributed and some of the people who live on the borders or have traveled into China, India and Persia have heard the wonderful news' of salvation.

The' plans of the Svenska Missionforbundet in Turkestan may be highly commended. One of their workers writes: "When our mission first occupied this field it was with the intention of establishing a long line of stations straight through Asia

from Tiflis, along the Trans-Caspian Railway, and so farther east along the main road from Kashgar to China proper. " These' plans have been simplified till now they have four well developed stations and contemplate entering a fifth. No less admirable is, the good work done by the Moravians in western Tibet. But in spite of the large and more spe'ctacular calls from other fields they have carried on their Tibetan work with admirable courage.

The work carried on by the societies intel'lested in Central Asia should be extended. Arrows on the map show the anticipated line of advance of each one of these societi,e's. Only lack of workers and funds prevents most of them from meeting the demands. A far more difficult task is to point out the districts in which there are no wormers at present. These are indicated by a ring around the name of the district tribe, or center where work might be started. The governments of Bhutan, Nepal and Tibet should be prevaiLed upon to allow· missionaries to reside within their borders. Some possible locations for stations are: Neglected Country Area for location Stations Suggested Mongolia Khailor Heilungkiang, Manchuria " Urga Eastern Mongolia Kiakhta " Uliassutai " Siberia (for Buriats) Kobdo " Uriankhai Western Mongolia Kalmuks Turkestan Ilifu (Kuldja) Tibet " " Hsiningfu North Mongolia " co Sungpan " " Mowkung " Northwest Sinkiang Ningyiian fu " Sadiya " Kansuh, China Darjerling " Szchuan, China Gartok Nepal Khatmandu "" Gurkha " "" Punakha Bhutan Assam (Burma) North India Western Tibet (Ngari) Nepal " Bhutan The immediate need 'is for a new and deeper interest among God's peopl1e' for the evangelization of Central Asia. There is a large unoccupied area and an opportunity, accompanied by the most strenuously adverse circumstances. To take advantage of such opportunities as are now presented, men and women must be willing to de'Vote themselves to the accomplishment of these great tasks; and others at home must be ready to consecrate their money to support the work. Above all there is the need of prayer to the "Lord of the harViest to send forth laborers into His harvest;" and that He will open the way and manifest His power by spiritual' sign~ and wonders.

I 920J UNOCCUPIED FIELDS IN CENTRAL ASIA

TIBETAN PRIESTS BLOWING TRUMPETS (1 5 F'l'. LONG) AT ANNUAL FESTIVAL Comprehensive Geography of The Chinese Empire. L. Richards. Shanghai, 1908. The Chinese Empire. M. Broomhall. London, 1908. Atlas of the Chinese Empire. C. I. M. London. The Chinese Government. W. F. Mayers. Shanghai, 1886. The Heart of a Continent. Sir F. Younghusband. London, 1904. The Middle Kingdom. Williams. New York, 1861. China Opened. Gutzlaff. London. 1838. All the Works on Travels. By Sven Hedin. Mongolia and the Country of the Tanguts. Presevalsky. S. Petersbnrg, 1885. Journey through Mongolia and Tibet. W. W. Rockhill. Washington, 1894. Journey in Chinese Turkestan. Hr. Doring, Shanghai, 1907. Journeys in China, Tartary and Tibet. Huc et Gabel. The Land of the Lamas. W. W. Rockhill. New York, 1891. With the Tibetans in Tent and Temple. S. C. Riinhart. New York, 1901. China Mission Year Book, 1912-19. Article: "China's Dependencies." Non-occupied Fields of Asia and Africa. Zwemer. The Call of the World. Doughty.

WILLIAM CLIFTON DODD. D. D

to the Tai BY PAUL M. HINKHOUSE, NEW YORK I N THIS twentieth century, with the mIssIOnary movement gaining momentum, and looking back over a century of ever-expanding, successful missionary activity, we are apt to think of pioneers as in the distant past.

One of the missionary pioneers of recent years was Dr. William Clifton Dodd. For about thirty-three years, in far-flung out-stations, hundreds of miles from the fringe of civilization, he labored among the representatives of the great Tai race, first in Siam, then in Burma, then again in Siam. Finally, after twenty years of yearning and pleading, he was permitted to labor, for one short year, in the newly opened station of Chieng Rung, China. He was in every sense a great missionary, looking forward and pressing onward, not backward, full of great plans for the future, expecting great things from God and ready to attempt great things for Him. He built well on the foundation of others, but with that he was not content. He saw rich harvests in regions beyond and he longed to preach Christ to the millionS' of unreached Tai.

The missionaries of today are building on the foundation of the pioneers who have gone before. Starting from central points, missionaries, year by year, have established new stations and have lengthened the frontier of missionary activity. Out-stations a few days journey from the nearest station are formed as opportunities and workers permit.

Who and where are the Tai 1 The Siamese call their country, "Muang Tai" or "The Land of the Free." The word "Tai" means free and is taken by a race which is of equal antiquity with' the Chinese. If we may trust ancient Chinese records as containing even the outlines of veritable history, it is found that the Tai race is mentioned as living in the western part of Szechuan Province, China, as early at 2200 B. C. The inference is that the Chinese found the Tai in China when the former first came into the country, some twenty-three centuries B. C. The pressing hordes of Chinese pushed the Tai farther and farther south. Wlhen they reached the region now included in the .southern provinces of China, and northern Burma and Siam, they set up a Tai kingdom in 629 A. D. which lasted for over six hundred years. This was overthr.own when the Mongols under Kublai Khan conquered Tai and Chinese alike, in 1234 A. D.

Since their defeat by Kublai Khan, the Tai have not been lOJ

SAM TOW A MOU NTAI N VILLA GE. CHEUNG TUN G regnant in any part of China, but they have had · flourishing kipgdoms in regions to the south. Those living in China have not lost their language or customs and the Tai1angu~ge is spoken with dialectic differences by more than twenty million peop)p. In round number s, Siam furnishes about eight million, China from seven to ten million, French Tonkin two million and Burma a million ~nd a half.

The Tai are of Mongolian origin and closely resemble the Ohinese of Kwangtung and Kwangsi in appearance. They are even more agricultural than the Ohinese. There is not the assumed superiority over foreign races which the Ohinese had in the early days of their contact with the Occident, and the entire race has shown itself open and receptive. There is every reason to believe that they are undeveloped rather than decadent. The Tai are among the few primitive races left in the world, and as such were singled out for special attention by the Missionary Oonference at Edinburgh in 1910.

In sending its representatives seventeen days from its northernmost station to begin work in a new field and in another country, the Nortb Siam Mission of the Presbyterian Ohurch in the U. S. A. made a pioneer move. When Dr. W. Olifton Dodd and Dr. O. W. Mason pushed their way into the great province of Yunnan in southwestern China to carry the message of Christ to the unreached millions of the Tai race, they were making missionary history. On cannot but feel humbled, when he reads the letter from Dr. Mason telling of the first Communion Service in that newly organized station, submerged in the darkness, ignorance and

1920J WILLIAM CLIFTON DODD, APOSTLE TO. THE TAl

TOURING IN NORTHERN SIAM-RES'!' BY THE WAYSIDE superstition of an Oriental jungle, and then ponders but a moment upon the courage which Christ instils into the hearts of His missionaries.

Under date of Jan. 29, 1919, Dr. Mason writes: "We had our first Communion Service and there were four adult baptisms, so you see we are already beginning to see results from the seed sowing. As you remember, Dr. McGilvary first sowed seed here twentysix years ago. Then Dr. Dodd had made several tours through this region. * * * "I feel that Sunday, January 19, 1919, is such an historical day that r will take time to describe it to you in some detail. In January Mr.

Beebe gave refuge to an old couple who were accused of witchcraft. I have never seen a man who seemed more sincere than this old man. He and his wife were the first two baptized here. Then two of the i1iterate Tai boys of Yunnan province were also baptized, making four. These two boys have been believers for over five years but have had no one to teach them in their own language. Counting ourselves, there were sixteen that partook of the Lord's Table. And it was a very solemn occasion, for the very presence of the Holy Spirit could be felt. We all felt that surely Dr. McGilvary must be permitted to be with us on this occasion in spirit, as he so much desired to see the Gospel given to the 'rai wherever they are found."

Dr. Dodd was a man of vision. After spending his early life on an Iowa farm, he was graduated from Parsons College in 1883 and from McCormick 'l'heological Seminary in 1886. A college and seminary classmate and a life long friend of Dr. Dodd writes: "We recognized him as our superior along intellectual and spiritual lines. We felt that he had a superior personality and were confident that * * * in the future he would hold .a much larger place than any of us. In this judgment we were flot disappointed.

"On his way to Siam, he wrote a brilliant series of letters for the Mid-Conlinent, published in St. Louis. But once on the field he became abs,orbed in his wo:k and his facile I?en was laid aside except for things whIch had to do wIth hIS work for hIS chosen people-the Tai race. For thirty-three years he was permitted to labor with a consuming zeal and an outstanding ability which put his name to the fore of the American missionary force of the twentieth centllfy. He was by natllfe and desire a missionarv of the pioneer type * * * and thus stands related to them as Living- stone to Africa, Judson to Burma, Morrison to China, Underwood to Korea and Hepburn to Japan."

Dr. Dodd reached Chieng Mai, the center of the North Siam Mission (formerly known as the Laos Mission) on February 17, 1887, and expressed a preference for work along the line of a Training School for Christian workers.

About four months after his arrival in Siam Dr. Dodd wrote his impressions following his first missionary tour with Dr. Mc- Gilvary.

"We arrived at the ·first station about the middle of the afternoon, and before bed time held religious conversation with as many enquirers as time would permit. * * >I< Our 'outward and ordinary means' of at- tracting an audience were a watch, two mariners' compasses, a magnifying glass, a stereoscope with an assortment of views and a violin. >I< * * "The religious attitude of the people was a revelation to the newly arrived missionary and doubtless would be to most of God's people in the United States. Nearly all these people had heard of the 'religion of the great God' but had never been visited by a missionary. >I< * * But their reception was marvellous * * * Without exception these Buddhis.ts confessed at the outset, or were brought to concede, the immeasurable superiority of Christianity.

"The results we cannot measure. We were absent about two weeks. Religious service or conversations were held in more than twenty homes, and in some of these several times. Audiences varied from a single enquirer to fifty. Thus hundreds heard the Gospel for the first time."

The Training School which Dr. Dodd organized was such an important part of his early work tha.t when he was transferred to the Lampun station, south of Chieng Mai, the school was moved with him and some twenty students accompanied him. He early showed great facility in the use of the language and his trips into the country districts were always used as opportunities of getting a foundation in the dialetic differences so common in the language of that country. By 1894, the Training School had grown to fifty students and Dr. McGilvary wrote: "The year of our absence had been almost a banner year as regards successful evangelistic work. Mr. Dodd's Training School had furnished a larger number of fairly well prepared evangelists than we had ever had before. Between forty and fifty of these had been actually at work on the field for longer or shorter periods during the year and their work was very successfu."

In February, 1888, Dr. Dodd was one of a party of three who investigated the feasibility of starting a station at Chieng Rai,

1<)20] WILLIAM CLIFTON DODD, APOSTLE TO THE TAl

TWO PRINCESSES AND THEIR BABIES IN JIUANG LAAM in the extreme north of Siam, about ten day's journey hy caravan from Chieng Mai. The ChiE'ug Rai station was not opened until seven or eight years later, but he had recE'ived his first great vision of the shepherdless sheE'p beyond. Dr. McGilvary who always had before him thE' vision of future work among th(~ Tai of Burma, French Tndo-Cllilla, HIllI soutll!'t'll Chilla, wrote that this station was fOUlJdcd "in the COIl'ictioll that it would prow' a stepping stone to the large northern section of the 'rai racE', established in territory which is now English, Ij'rench and Chinese." Dr.

Dodd ill' due time was permitted to open the Chieng Rai station and from it, as a centf'}" toured all the great section visualized by Dr. McGilvary. The work of tllp missionary ill Siam is essentially one of touring alld tf'achillg. Conscious that missionaries are but passing helpers amI that the work of evallgelization must ill its finality bp dOlle by native workers, Dr. Dodd's efforts were along the line of tpaching. At the same time he used his grf'at literary ability to put Christian literature into native dialects.

He felt that if the peoplf' were to be adEquately reached, tfwy Illllst haye a teacher closer to them than one who could come hut Ol1ce a year. He" saw from his frequellt tours among the Tai outside the borders of Siam, that the Siam missionaries had a distinct and very defillite problem in presenting the Gospel to the millions of unreached Tai, for they were the only ones who had any knowledge of the Tai language. For a time he was locatf'd at the station of Keng Tung in Burma, and when that was closf'd he returned to Chieng Rai, more than ever convinced that the respollsihility fur the Tai could not be shirked. He had the vision of the whoh~ Gospel to the whole Tai people and in one of his letters pleading for permissioll to advance, he says, "Millions who have grOWl! very dear to us hang upon your decision and action. "

III order to determine the strength and location of the Ta~ race in South Chilla and elsewhere, he made a tour in 1910 which lasted for five and olle-half mOllths. As a result, he proved what he had long believed that within a territory nearly half as large as HlP Ullited States east of the Mississippi, the predominant elemellt in the population was Tai and that no mission was WOl'killg among them. .

The report of his tour reads like pages from a vivid romallce, Though a mall of great physical vigor, Dr. Dodd was attacked by muscular rheumatism and when his pony was unable to carry him up the mountains he had to drag his left leg painfully after the other; and night after night he made his way into camp almost exhausted. Like Paul, he was in journeyings often and in perils often.

Nothing touched him so greatly on the entire trip as the faithfulness of the Siamese cook he had brought with him from Chieng Mai and who accompanied him during his entire journey.

"Ai Fu kept faithful all the way with me-not a grouch or a grumble. Much as I loved and respected the great historic Tai race before, I confess that my appreciation of them as a people was heightened by this day-by-day, wilderness contact with Ai Fu. When all the others, after faithful service, had gone back to their homes and rice fields, my heart was touched in our morning and evening devotions together, when Ai Fu would say, 'We two servants of God: God bless the dear fellow! What

WILLIAM CLIFTON DODD, APOSTLE TO THE TAl

[Jossibilities of fortitude, faithfulness and fervor in a race which has produced a man like that!"

The problem which Dr. Dodd :saw lwfore him wa:s olle that would tax the :slnJJlge~t hpurted. He wrote, "A field 400,000 :square mile:s ill area, a population between twelve and sixteen million, a common language, a race with a history over forty-one centuries old, and still a growing people, a race strategically related to three great world powers (England, France and Ohina) and interrelated with the destinies of nearly a half billion Asiatic neighbors, a race providentially endowed and shaped and conserved, so that even the Providence which has rendered the field difficult 1:0 be manned with misssion workers has also served to preserve A BIG BAZAR SCENE IN KENGTUNG. NEAR SITE OF A PROPOSED MISSION CHAPEL this great race free from the vices of the Occident, the most receptive of Buddhist peoples, a people one canllot help but IOVf>- this is the groundwork of the task."

The strenuous trip of 1910 was taken on his way home from Siam for his furlough. At home he plead for permissioll to open a new station among the people whom he had so much at heart. He plead as if for his life, and returned to Siam heavy hearted because the time did not seem opportune. One wonders what might have been accomplished had his work started then. But his last term spent ill the station of Ohieng Rai was a preparation for the opportunity which he .felt must soou be realized by the Ohurch at home. He made frequent tours into the region, earnestly preaching the Gospel and gathering the enquirers into temporary

training- R('hool;.:, ahya~'R longing for t1lP tilllP to (,Ollll' ,dwn hE' might, Iw as OIle with llWtll rather than a trayelpr from a far land. He improvpd I'"('ry ()Pl)()rtullit~· to Recurp illformation about the dialects of the great race he ~wanted to help. He had Ii larger first-hand knowledge of the fipld and probably knew more concerning the language, hiRtory and cm,tomR of the Tai race than any other man.

During his furlough of 1917, the long expected advanre into the Tai region of China bpcallJe a reality. He was to retnrn to the field of his choice and he W('llt hack to the field light in heart at the thought of spending his future years of usefulness among the Tai of YUllllan. On his way to the field he widened his contact with the missionarieR in China and enlisted their support for the work. Being delayed for three months by the monsoon, he spent that time with the missionaries of the China Inland Mission in the north of Yunnan. Fourteen Tai families in that reg-ion had been converted throug-h the medium of the Chinese language, but the Tai of that region clamored for hymns and literature in their own languag-e. He immediately set to work, securing a vocabularly from the people and before long he had mastered the dialectic differences. While Mrs. Dodd taught a school for young Tai women, Dr. Dodd wrote the first book that had ever been written in that dialect, using the written character of North Siam. With the aid of a manifolding machine an edition of three hundred copies was print('d.

No sooner had he reached Chieng Rung, than the, need of ,work in other places appeared to him. He wrote: ",If the Lord keeps us here the rest of our lives, we shall stay contentedly. The evangelistic opportunity is immense-practically unbounded. But we feel called to promote other stations for the as yet unreached millions of Tai. Ve are six days from a telegraph office here and our recently es:ablished post office is very irregular as to its service. Our two families are over half a month distant from another medical family. We live in temporary houses-the best obtainable with fund~ provided and the men and material available. Our lives are exceedingly primitive and isolated. When we think of the work we ought to be doing for the Tai elsewhere. we feel that we are in a pocket."

Shortly aft!'r hi:;- anivul at Chieug Rung lIP oncp more commencetl his tourillg amollg' the group!' lIP had previously organized. He startpd January 25, 1919, and wrotp that his Tai hays and Olle of the evangelists became very illterestfd in visiting some Tai Yah villages. The villagPl"s were shy and suspicious at first, but the boys seemed to yin them over to confidence and friendship. Comfort was brought to a bereaved father and mother who had recently lost an only son. This SOIl had carried Christian literature around with him everywhere, and had tried to get them to come into the Christian faith with him.

The Tai people are in the main animists. A great many of them are nominal Buddhists, 'but spirit worship and belief in spirits causes them great concern. The popUlation is chiefly rural and there is a simplicity of character and life which one would naturally expect from such people. The Tai are all their lives in bondage to the fear of demons-srpirits of the family, of the earth and sky, of fire and water, or rock and forest, of the teacher, of the home, of the village and of the whole land. They have a universal love for flowers, music and hospitality and have great respect for women.

Of the hold that spirits have upon the people, Dr. Dodd wrote: "Ve have peculiar hindrances to the spread of the Gospel. Only yesterday, I was soundly berated for not 'binding' the witch-spirit of one of our Christians. It transpired today that the heathen believe that we are Great-Demon Media: that I could, by incantation, have invoked and secured the services of a great demon who would have restrained the witch-spirit of the Christian old lady which was tormenting a young woman whom they prought to the old lady's house and who was suffering from fever. And the heathen were indignant because I refused to entertain the charge against our Christian woman and did not do anything to secure her victim against her witchery. .

"People in this region are apparently more ready to listen than people in Siam. But to listen is one thing; to believe and accept another. The Lii tribe, whose capital is Chieng Rung are very loyal to those whom they love and 'good haters' of those who cross them unintentionally. And Satan has blinded their eyes for 10 many generations. Only the Holy Spirit can deliver them from the foul spirits. God has set before us an open door and there are· many adversaries."

'The last letter received from Dr. Dodd, dated Aug. 26, 1919, shows that he felt his work was drawing to a close and, like Paul of old, he spent much time in writing from the jungle prison. He challenges the Christian Church as he pleads for workers, in order that the gains already made may be consolidated. At the same time he characteristically planned for further enlargement of the field, for mOre stations, for permanent stations and for closer contact and cooperation with the missions of Yunnan. He believed that the best thing he could do in the remaining time was to put as much of Christian literature into form for use among the yet untouched millions of non-Buddhist Tai as possible. He put the Apostle's Creed and John 14: 1-7 into prose form and composed in rhyme a, form for a morning prayer and grace at meals. He also translated the Ten Commandments in full.

For the use of the China Inland Mission, the Pentecostal Missionary Union, the Christian and Missionary Alliance, and the Presbyterian Mission, Dr. Dodd felt a great need for literature to instruct the converts among the Tai of Yunnan, Kwangsi (and possibly Kweichow) and the non-Buddhist portions

@f the Tai in French territory. He was theJl the Olily n)all 111 the world who could create that literature. He kept up evening classes twice weekly, preached 011 Sabbath and directed the four evangelists during the week. But he felt that it was most important for him to stay as long as possible in the Chinese Tai field in order that he might do all he could toward that literature for the unr.eached millions of non-Buddhist 1'ai.

Dr. Dodd was an inveterate tom·er. Being anxious to reach as many of the Tai people as possible, he spent nearly half his time on the field in missionary work away from his home station. He did not like to use the word "field" with reference to the territory assigned to him, but always spoke of it as a "circle," and his efforts to expand this "circle" led him on and on.

By caravan and by crude native boats, by chair and by elephant, by horse and by mule and by bi- cycle and on foot, he covered much territory in the unknown jungle. Delays in reaching destinations were not a source of irritation to bim for when he was held back bv high water, by reports of robber~, or by sickness, he took the oppor- tunity to start work in the un- touched villages in which he rest- ed. One Sunday seven or eight men, strangers, came into the lit- tle church service that was being held in a jungle village. When the offering was taken they were passed by, but each rose in turn, came forward and with a native obeisance dropped in his coin. When questiolled why they as strangers and Buddhists should make an offering at a Christian A CHRISTIAN FAMILY IN CHIENG RAI service, the oldest of the party answered by opening a small par- cel and taking out several portions of Scriptures which had been given to him by Dr. Dodd on a journey two years before.

Dr. C. V.l. Mason wrote that on October 9, Dr Dodd showed signs of acute peritonitis and it was decided to perform a colostomy operation. This was done in order to give the patient some relief.

Be rallied from the operation but soon sufferpd a relapOle lilli.ld Ffais8i. aw'l:Y eti Oetober .la, 1919. BY REV. EDWIN M. POTEAT, D. D., BROOKLINE, MASS.

T HERE IS an interpretation of stewardship which lays the obligation upon all-non-Christian as well as Christian. If only one acknowledge God, life itself must be corrceived as a trust from Him. The other alternative is atheism; the. atheism which sees only self and selfish interests and which has held the field for .generations with its smug and comfortable dogmatism; "What's mine is my own, and I'll do what I please with it."

The argument in reply to this atheism of selfishness has ill recent years grown to gre-at volume and cogency, and it has carried conviction to wide circles and through high ranges of intelligence. The selfish capitalist is doubtless still with us, but he has seen a great light. Generally speaking he knows pe'rfectly well that wealth must serve society or society will confiscate it. Industry is a form of social service, not a device for private gain. The factory must help men; this is its primary function. To conceive it as a means of piling up dlvidends to be hoarded in miserly selfishness or to be squandered in enervating luxuries is to acknowledge that one is hopel,e'ssly behind the times.

The appeal rings through the halls of Legislation: "Public office is a public trust." It rings through Commerce; "The only justification of profits is service." It rings through Industry; "The surplus tor the Common Good." The struggles of the present hour are struggles incident to the rearrangement of our total life in conformity with these principles; they are the birth pangs of a new social order in which, when it arrives, the love' of money will be acknowledged to be a root of all kinds of evil, and in which the ambition to be rich will be displaced by the ambition to serve. Worth will no longer be cstimated in terms of money but in terms of helpfulness, as when a young woman said: "I would rather marry a man who was worth a million and didn't have a cent than to marry a man who had a million and wasn't worth a cent." All this is part of the social philosophy now .already widely current and sure to win its way everywhere. This appears to be what .Tohn Galsworthy means when he says: "Education is the most sacred concern, indeed the only 110pe of a nation." People of education .see that cooperation is necessary to sOQial order and well-being; that in a society as complicated as ours, dnpendent as it is on a vast machinery of cooperation, a spirit 113 of cooperation on the part of all is essential. As Henry Adams put it: "The world becomes daily a vast powder plant, a power house of stupendous forces wherein a few selfish fools may at any moment bring on irretrievable disaster." Invoking the aid of science, we'may organize what Henry M. Alden called a sociological millenium, a perfect ethical system of adjustments, so beautiful in its proportion as to counterfeit the effects of Grace, deceiving even the ,elect.

One is loath to point out the defects, the inevitable inefficiency of such a scheme. But at its best, it is only an educated selfishness which is enthroned over this artificially 'constructed commonwealth. The most enlightened self-interest is inadequate for the task of conceiying and building a permanent society, precisely for the reason that selfishness is not made unselfishness by being refined, Accordingly the best social order it can build waits only a supreme test, when, lo! its most loyal citizens will desert the state in concern for self, and then the delnge!

This does not mean that it is uS2'less to teach stewardship, the stewardship of life-with all its powers and resources-in the most general way. It is in every way important to say that all men are trustees on behalf of their fellows of whateV1e-r capacities they possess. The more generally this view of life is adoptRd the better. It will pflepare us for the revelation, already plain to many, that every program of social reconstruction waits for a certain kind of person; and it will open the way for a new proclamation of Ohristianity, whose main task and achievement is the reproduction of the Jesus type of man all round the globe.

THE REALM OF REDEMPTION Here we pass into a wholly new realm, the realm of the redeemed, the twice-born, the children of the Spirit. Indeed theSie two words may stand for the two realms-Enlightenment and Redemption. There is here no intimation that enlightenment is antithetic to redemption or that redemption is antithetic to enlightenment. But from the point of view of Ohristianity redemption is fundamental, primary; enlightenment is superficial, secondary. Gautama, Voltaire, Goethe ; Paul, Augustine, Bunyan-these two groups of names will serve to point the contrast, and they enable us to see the contention of Ohristianity that not education (a la Galsworthy) but the absolute salvation achieved for men by our Lord Jesus Ohrist is the only hope of the nation and of the world. It is this because it provides for and secures the type of person we now see we must have if society is not to dissolve in a ruck and welter of putrescent selfishness.

No one who knows the history of the vernacular schools in the

STEWARDSHIP AND REDEMPTION

Westl:'Tn world will Heed to be reminded that Christianity has been a nursing motht'r to t'ducation; 1l0l' will lleed to be told that there is no conflict between the truth of religion and the truth of science. It remains true that mell who have be'en saved by faith in the forgiveness of SillS through our Lord Jesus Christ, and who have acct'pted the will of God aR the law of their life-· ,"ven without the 'f"nlightenment of the schools-such men know the ultimate ,;wcret of unselfish service; and no matter what the provocation they always stop short of relwUioll agaillRt the will of God, and 1"0 also Rhort of tllP violatioll of the rights of others. Thus restraimd by grace from violenc(; against othprs, tlwy are cOllstraillf'd by grac(; to sprve others; and this is to the ends of the earth.

Christianity prt'dicates and produces this difference ill persons irrespective of all -otheT disciplines whatsoever. It bases its program on the saved man, in whom self-interest has been slain, but who is alive forevermore. Egoism crucified, he lives in Him who died and rose again. His heart trlEmbles and is enlarged with an immeasurable gratitude for this gift of new life, and what is impossible to the natural man-pure disinterestedness-is natural to him, now that Christ lives in him to renew, to energize, to din~ct.

At the Cross-the symbol of death- he passed out of death into life, and there learned the law of the new Kingdom of Love. Beyond that no further sacrifice is possible. The' giving of life is now the joy of life. Here ifl the explanation of a man like- David Livingstone, who protested that he had never made a sacrifice in his lif'e'. Lt. Dawson in "Out to Win" writes of the flpirit of the American soldier in :B'rarice: "When Olle has faced up to all ultimate self-denial, giving becomes a habit. One becomes eager to be allowed to give all, to keep none of life's small change. The fury of an ideal fevers us. We become fanatical to outdo onr own best rpcord in self-surrendpr. Many of us, if we are alive when peace is declared, will feel an uneasy reproach that perhaps we did not give pnough."

"Hereby know we love, because He laid down His life for us; and we ought to lay down our lives for the hrethren-" (I Jno 3 :16). ThE" logic of thifl appeal is irresistible for those who accept the first half of the proposition. Compare II Cor. 5: 16-21, where the Apostle Paul gToundfl hifl whole career on the recoll(;iling lov(~ of God in Christ, and conceives of hifl life as an ambassadorship on behalf of ChriRt to all the world. Purchased unto God in tht blood of Christ lit' if:! hound ill tliP sallie bUlH.lh' of life with his Redeemer; and the life that he now lins is not his but Christ's who liYes ill him-( Galatians 2: 19-20). Possessing Christ ill this way, he possesses all things in Him, all things except his very

SPlf; that is possessed by Christ-(I COl'. 3: 22, 23). He could say as his I-,ord had said in .Jno. 17: 10, "All mine are thine, and tlliIW are mine." And ill this ahounding riches his povmty was transmuted into infinite wealth-" as having nothing, yd possessing all things-" (II COl'. 6: 10).

STEWARDSHIP IN REDEMPTlON 'What hecomes of stewardship in such all illh'rpn'tatioll of rf'dl'mptionZ It is swallowed up ill a blessed partllerHhip aud comradeship of Hel'vice. "N0 longer do I call you Hel'Vants, because the servant knoweth not what his Lord doeth. But I have called you friends, for ull things that I have heard from my Father I have made known unto you-" (Jno. 15: 15). Here a trusteeship faithfully fulfilled paSi;1es through fellow~hip into a community and identity of interest in which all inferior relatiollships are transcended in a blesslEd oneness of life and love and lahor.

Accordingly, it is to the r,edeemed that stewardship, in the New Testament meaning of the word, is wholly congenial. They are ready; and they quickly acknowledge its sway in all their life. My life, my health, my intelligence, my character, my truth, my children, my time, my property,-all these have been redeemed ill the precious blood of Christ, and they aIle mine only as a trust from God, and are to be administered in His will for the benefit of every member of the race.

A SUMMARY What has been said may be summarized as follows: 1. SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY TEACHES STEWARDSHIl'· 2. ENLIGHTENMENT CAN NEVER GUARANTEE THAT MEN WILL WALK IN THE LIGHT.

3. THE lUND OF PEOPLE WHO MUST INSURE SOCIAL ORDER ARE PRODUCED BY CHRIST.

4. CHRISTIANS ALONE CAN BE RELIED ON AS TRUE STEWARDS OF THE GIFTS OF GOD, THAT IS, FOR DISINTERESTED SERVICE ON BEHALF OF ALL MEN.

Unless our conception of' stewardship is grounded 011 tlle fact of Redemption, it is built on sand, and we arc sure to see our house tumble about our heads wh0n the floods break 100Re!

"One more rn'ival is needed-the revival of Christian stewardship, the const:cration of the money power of 'the Church unto God."-HoRACE BUSHNELL.

"Vhen a man begins to amass wealth it is a question as to whether (;od is going to gain a fortune or lose a man."-J. CAMPBELL 'WHITE.

Missionary-~Outlook in

BY REV. JAMES S. GALE. SEOUL. KOREA T H1R'l'Y YEARS ago the outlook for Korea was unpropitious. The little nation was quite by herself, differing from China on the one hand and Japan on the other. She had drunk deeply of Confucian waters and was conservative to a degree. Still, in the old teachings of the East she had imbibed much that prepared her for the coming of the missionary. God was ruler over all; His voice sounded forth from the sacred hooks calling men to listen. "Honor thy parents;" "Cease to do ill, learn to do well." The customs and habits, the joys and sorrows of the men and women of the Bible, were found to be one with her ancient people. Scarcely yet have they learned to know Dante, Shakespeare, Napoleon; while Peter, James and John have walked with them arm in arm for a quarter of a century. It was indeed a famous victory, this invasion of the Bible. The people of KOl1ea who go to church are but a small fraction of those who have read and pondered over its sacred pages. As old Korea moved out of the 20th century B. C. into the 20th A. D. this Book of books, as on a journey to Emmaus, has been flashing its light into her wondering eyes.

But thirty long years have passed and much water has run under Korea's stone bridges. Instead of the backward look towards the anciJents, her men now look forward. Old ideas are gone and with them the spirits and dream lands of antiquity. Smallpox is no longer to be warded off by incantations, but to be stamped out by Dr. Jenner's vaccine. The individual has come to his own, with every man a king.

With this awakening, however, the Government has not kept pace, but has fallen on sad experiences. Korea remained a single undivided kingdom from 669 A. D. till August, 1910, twelve hundred and forty-one years. Only twice in all that time did ller ruling House change, once in 918, and again in 1392, and never did she have any internal wars as great as those of the Roses of England. Scholars and writers lived and flourished, an army of them, when our fathers had only Chaucf'r. In 1600 an assembly of as brilliant literati as the world has ever seen, gathered in Seoul, unconscious that on the other side of this little planet Shakespeare was writing Hamlet.

The works of Ollie great scholar crossed the path of the writer recently and he offered twenty-two yen ($11.00) for it, but a Japanese bought it over his head for forty-four. The JapaneRe fairly worship the literature of this little kingdom and long that they may write such lines as these.

117

Gn>at in Il'ttc,J'~, gn'at al"o waH "lie ill porcdaill, in paper, ill pl'int.illg, ill braHH and il'oU work-a highly gifted peoplE', uuioucht'll h~' the ouie!' world. Trur, she was uomiually under the suzerainty of China, but that was only a gentleman's agl'!E'e- ment between UIE' Imperial a1l(1 Royal Houses. The Chinese lHWE'r thought of illterfel'illg with Korea's internal affairs for all these fourteen hundred years.

In 1910 Korea's independellce was lost, not by conquest, but by half a dozen officials handing over the State to Japan. They were liberally pmsioned off and today E'ujoy the fruits of their lahors while the awakened prople brhold their land in bondage.

Still we must speak a word in behalf of .Japan. While balance of power ruled the world and Korea was free to coquette with Russia, the Tokyo Govemment saw in the peninsula to the W,est a constant menace to hE'r safety. At once she struck and made it fast by annexation. The misfortune really came about oy misgovernment on the part of Korea herself, by her misguided king and corrupt officials, but that makes the present distressing situation none the less bitter.

Korea and Japan find it impossible to live together in harmony, so different are they. The Japanese are worshippers of the Emperor and count him semi-divine. The KOl'!eans laugh at the idea, To them the only ruler who could ever claim divine right of kingship was the defunct Emperor of China. The Koreans, even the loW]est classes, are all more or less gentlemen imbued with the saving truths of Confucianism, while the lower class Japanese are closely allied to the naked South Sea Islanders.

The Korean guards his Pl2rson and his women-folk from the public eye with the most rigid exactitude. The Japanese on the other hand goes nude without any thou'ght of obscenity, and his men and women bathe together in a public bath with all th{' innocence of Botticelli's Eve. This to the Korean is the limit of indecency and renders him wholly incapable of ever understanding the Japanese point of view.

The Korean is a man of, the pen while Japan is a nation of warriors. Military officials in Korea have always been rated second class, while Japan is ruled hy the sword, and admires beyond measure the Hohenzollern with his clicking spurs.

The Japanese loves infinite detail while the Korean loathes it. Rules and regulation that require Ollie to prepare in triplicate details that run into rates of half a farthing are as natural to the Japanese as the goose-step to the German. Such exactness is an abomination to Korea, and when its system is put upon her by force it hecomes a straight-jacket impossible to endure.

Korea is Chinese at heart, and while Japan also received her civilization fmm China, f;he has been touched only. superficially and iOt still a peop1p from the islandOt of the sea.

Japan is dean and neat in many ways in which Korea is disorderly; the Japanese is hard-working while the Korean is a gentleman of leisure. The former is effusive in manner and makes much of ceremony, whiLe the latter is wholly undemonstrative and counts effusiveness as insincerity.

The prominence of the pro.stitute in Japan is shocking to Korea. When a candidate for Parliament can issue a manifesto as proof of his worth and fitness for office, stating that he is backed up by the lawyers of the town, by the rice merchants, and by the heads of the prostitutes' guilds, without giving any offense or calling forth any remarks, we can judge of the peculiar view Japan has as to the "strange woman." Korea's view of her is just what the American view is, or should be. From these illustrations it will be seen how difficult it is for Korea and Japan to walk together.

It is per£ectly true that Japan has given good roads, hygienic benefits, has brought order out of confusion, has made the desert to blossom as the rose; and yet J apaIl. has not begun to win the Korean. It begins to look as though she had on her handH an Ireland of nearly twenty millions of people, and no Ulster. Ireland has never had an undivided, independent kingdom, but Korea has had one for thirteen hundred years and knows what independence means. Today Japan sits upon the safety valve while the boilers beneath her crack from expansive pressure.

Consider missionary work under these conditions. Many sympathize with the Japanese in his fear of Christianity. He'I'e is a propaganda that brings the foreigner into intimate relation with the Korean, his life, his inner heart, his soul. The missionary ii'! in the land to comfort, to guide, to help onward and upward. How will this appeal to the Japanese who holds the sword that rules, who wants the Korean to be a loyal subject of the Mikado, hut cannot win him oved .At once he becomes sorely offended at Christianity which forms a link between the Korean and the foreigner such as the Japanese can never hope to forge. If Christianity must exist in Korea, the rulers would wish it to be of a Japanese type, whel'1e the worship of the Emperor and the worship of Christ go side by side.

The upper officials and Japanese of the better sort accept the situation and are willing in a kindly spirit to make the best of it, hoping that the missionary will aid them; but the lower offieials and the military have no such idea. To them Christianity is a nuisance and must be suppressed. This too has been the tone of the average newspaper since annexation.

The result of this conflict of ideas was the" agitation. The·

Cltuse .f it was the weariness and exasperation felt by the Korean !it all things Japanese. In the forefront of the agitation were many Christiamo. Ere March passed nearly all the llf>aders of the Church were locked up. Immediately the prison walls began to echo with singing, and the cell became a house of prayer. Judging from results orue might say that the prison outside the west gate of Seoul is the greatest reviyal center in the country, a true theological hall in fact. Many who enter in darkness come out believers in Christ. Here again the Japanese see Christianity persistently on the side of the offending Korean. They feel that since persuasion is of no avail and all public benefits done are regarded as nothing, there remains but the use of force, and so force in every conceivable way has been used. This only hardens the Korean in his determination to ride out the storm.

One result of the agitation in which Christianity is indinectly involved is that the whole Government has been changed. It is doubtful, however, whether this will bring any real respite. The Koreans will probably become a sullen, dogged nation, biding their time. Women too are active in the uprising as well as the men, noble lords as well as simple folk. Those who face the fury of it are he1'oes, be they Christian or otherwise. The women who thirty years ago were prisoners in their homes, unseen by outsiders, are now out in the open, sharing with husband and son the fortunes of the day. Women form the larger proportion of those in the Christian congregations, and remain our hope for the future. Today many of them are in prison and have been subjected to unspeakable insults at the hands of the police and gendarmes. Their courage has been a wonder.

Will the agitation cease1 We think not. The very efforts of the Japanese to instil patriotic ideas into the Korean students, that is ideas of loyalty toward Japan, is only firing his soul the hotter for his own country.

In order to show the missionary outlook more clearly we may summarize the situation under the following headings: 1. The thought of independence occupites the Korean's entire mental horizon. Can we get Christian truth home to the heart under these conditions? It is very difficult. There have been years when political fermentation had much to do with filling the churches but with very little result spiritually. The Korean is essentially a man of one thought. If it be a large thought it fully occupies his mind to the exclusion of all others. Accompanying present conditions, however, is the consciousness that God lives, that He is on the side of right, and if they but do the fair and honest part He will swing the fortunes of the day in their favor. They nave no fire-arms; they have always discountenanced violence. What is there left for them but prayer to God? Since, ill tho llIiml:-; of many, Chri"tianity may contribute something towards tllP dPKil'('d ('IH1, UH'Y will ta]{][· an illterPRt ill it and listPll.

~. The pn~s('lIt g'PIH'l'alioll of l:orpaJlK is no IOllger imbued with Ow old Confucian tenet" that protIJptpd their Hoarcll for ChriHtiall truth. School amI lIeWHpapl'r <U1d modern books all inclinp tlwm toward mat('l'ialislll ill which then~ is no God. The first joy of the Christian faith has worn off and the Koreans are out 011 an ullcharted sea, where the peering eye and questioning soul takes the place of old-fashiolled simple faith. In a word this is not as favorable a gelleration to work upon as the last.

3. The Japanese GoVel'lllellt, however courteous and just it may be-and the high officials have alway;.; been most courteous-'-will never view with favor the pre;.;ent Christian propaganda. While Ow)' may llot forbid it, they so easily throw out hints concerning advantagr, safety, SI"curity, and prosperity outside the Christian propaganda that mallY will conclude that the advantage i" on the' other side. In fact during recent years there has been a marked falling off of attendance at church on this account. If the Koreans are inclined to move along lines of least resistance we can see how a little police prpssure will have much to do with the size of a congregation.

4. The Korean estimate of the foreigner has changed. In old days Americans and Europ2aJis were sages in possession of the Book. Today we a're but ordinary W psterners, survivors of the great war, The real rule of the Church has passed from foreign hands and more and more missionaries recede into the place of quiet counsrlors. This is really good for the missionary as it throws him back on personal character and makes inner worth his chief asset.

5. The world has swung on illto a lIew cenner where everything is out of date, Christianity as well as civilization in general. ,( Cease to do what the· fathers did and strike out into something new. We of the new generation are the people. Let all old fogey notions go to the winds; eat, drink and be merry." rrhere is much of this madness in the air of East Asia today. "Who would think of sitting dOWll and droning over a worn-out hymn in Church~ Away with it!" Like the miasma of the "flu" this t:pirit more or less encircles the whole earth and takes in Korea also.

From this brief discussion it will be clear that we have a great task before us, the outlook being somewhat like what it was in days of trench warfare. A united effort, however, when denominational diftierences cease to hinder and denominational nnity increases, with the blessing of God will win and He will make His presence and power felt. May God guide us so that the days of faith and hope and love may not be lost to poor old Korea!

Reconstruction in West

BY EDWARD A. FORD, LAMBARENE, GABON, WEST AFRICA O N~j OF THE important mission fields, which the conquest of German colonies hy the Allies for a time left unoccupied, is the northern part of Kamerun, west Africa. Missionary work in this region was begun by English Bruptists in' 1843, and one of them, "Father" Saker, first reduced the Duala langauge to writing and began the translation of the Bible. A German naval force took possession of Kamerun in 1884, and in 1885 a conference of missionary societies, held at Bremen, appealed to the Basel Missionary Society to begin work in that country. This was done the following year.

The English Baptist missionaries turned over their buildings to the Basel Society, together with the care of those native Christians who were willing to accept the change. Later, German Baptists from America began a separate work, which was eventually taken over by a Baptist Society founded in Berlin. Before the war a third Society was preparing to enter the field.

The extent of the work appears from the following statistics of the two Societies, (Basel and Berlin) taken from their reports for 1911, and in ]914 the number of stations was considerably larger. In 1911 there were 17 stations, 308 out-stations, 112 missionaries, 287 native helpers, 211 churches and 6149 communicants, 193 schools and 11,057 pupils. There were two hospitals and four dispensaries. Roman Oatholic missions were. also established but had fewer missionancs.

When the French and English forces landed in Duala in September, 1914, the missionaries were taken away as prisoners and for over two years the eastern section of the field, comprising eleven stations of the Basel Mission, was left without a Protestant mISSIOnary. The Roman Catholic forces replaced their' German missionaries by French as soon as the French administration was established. The." Journal of Catholic Missions" did not hesitate to say that the French government intended thus to "do away with the foreign influence of the German and American missionaries in Kamerun."

The Paris Evangelical Missionary Society was also awake to the responsibility of shepherding these 6,000 Christians and of providing educational advantages for the 11,000 pupils, in order that those who wished to learn French need not be compelled to enter the Roman Catholic Schools. They sent a delegation, headed by Monsieur Allegret, who had been for many years a missionary 122 of the Ogowe. Landing at Duala in February, 1917, the deputation found the conditions so favorable that they concluded that their coming was" divinely arranged in every detaiL"

The Protestants had feared that under the French govern- ment they might not have liberty of worship, but were now re- assured. The native Christians had suffered much and "word had been spread through the towns that the Mission was dead, and that God's work was destroyed." Three native pastors of the Basel Mission, Ekolo, Kuo and Modi Din, had done nobly amidst the general collapse and had replied, "If Basel is dead, God is not dead!" Patiently and faithfully they toiled to conserve the work.

Along with the reorganization of the churches, ecclesiastically and financially, and the providing for placing and supporting catechists and for training others, there was the urgent need of immediately giving them and others a working knowledge of the French language. Two normal schools, each with 60 pupils, were opened on either bank of the river by the two other missionaries and in addition night classes were formed, which quickly had an enrolment of 250, comprising the choicest of the young men of the place. When a commission of the government made a preliminary examination of 80 out of the 120 pupils, they were amazed with lhe progress made in five months. .

M. Allegret itinerated in every direction, bringing comfort and assurance to the Christians of all the tribes, helping to gather and reconstruct the native churches, whether Basel or Baptist.

Everywhere there were fresh evidences of the Providence which brought them to the rescue of the work at the critical moment.

At Sakbanyeme, on the Sanaga river, nearly all the work was destroyed during the war. Here M. Allegret found a chief to whom it had been said: "The Basel Mission is finished. Now everyone at Duala is French and Catholic: you must all become Catholics."

He replied: "I am first going to send two of my sons to Duala to see how it is. i' These messengers brought him the news of the arrival of the Protestant missionaries.

An important feature of the situation has been the opportunity to meet and, to some extent, to forestall Islam in its southward march. More than a hundred miles to the north are the Bamoum, whose king or sultan is a man of remarkable character. The Basel missionaries had established a station on the outskirts of his territory, and had a number of converts from among the Bamoum; but they denounced him as having joined the conspiracy of King Manga Bell Duala to massacre all the Germans. During the war the Sultan has become hostile to Christianity, but notwith- standing this a number of Christians remained faithful, while those about them were turning Moslem.

M. Allegret waR ahle to stpm tll(' tide and had the satisfaction of reopening schools and im;talling teachers. To thll ('xhortation of the misRiollary after the communion servicp, showing thpm that they bore the respollsihility of the Kingdolll of God ill their country, these Christialls replipd: "1Ve were lost ill the bush, you cam(~ and we have emerged. You have made a garden, the corn is growing, do not let it die!"

Thus a barrier is established, feeble though it be, to stay the advance .of Islam, and not a day too soon. The Sultan, at the beginning of the war, proclaimed himself a Moslem in order to secure Moslem support. The Hausas helped him to regain his throne and his ministers are Moslems but the country as a whole is not. At Fumban and the two out-stations there were two hl).ndred children and youth in the schools, with a class of eleven men who wish to become catechists.

The Sultan of Bagaute, a very intelligent and open minded man, has asked for Christian teachers and agreed to build a chapel and a pulpit in the market place. Another catechist was placed with the Sultan of Bangalap, who also had begun building, and was well disposed toward the Evangelical Mission.

Thus the occupation of the country by a Protestant Christian Mission has been established, and another field reclaimed that had once been occupied by the Basel Mission, but from which the Christians had disappeared almost completely. Furthermore, the placing of the catechists prevented the establishment in one of the towns of a group of Hausas, aud another obstacle was opposed to the Moslem invasion.

Within a year after landing, the four missionaries of the commission had rescued and reorganized fifteen mission stations of the two Societies formerly at work, putting them practically on a self-supporting basis. America has had her part in this work of conservation, for it has been financed almost entirely by special gifts made to the Paris Society through Dr. John R. Matt. In this way it has not been a charge on the general budget, which the Christians of France are striving to meet nobly and with great self-sacrifice.

Alexander the Great had a famous, put poor, philosopher at court. Being pressed for money he made application for relief to his patron who, commissioned him to draw whatever cash he required from the treasury. The philosopher presented a request for £10,000. The treasurer refused to honor it until he consulted with his royal master, adding that the amount was exorbitant. Alexander replied, "Pay the money at once, the philosopher has do:;/e me a singular honor. By the largeness of his request he show the high idea he has conceived both of my wealth and munificence."

We honor God by believing what He says.

MACHINERV:—JAPANESE COOLIE WOMEN COALING

Japan.Working Out Her Problems BY REV. GEORGE W. FULTON, D. D., OSAKA, JAPAN Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

MOVEMENTS of the greatest importance, not only to the Orientals themselves but to m~lllkind at large, are rapidly going forward in the Orient, as those nations work out the problems affecting their relations with the world.

. Japan is the leader of the Orient, and that progressive people, under a stable government, have been inaugurating changes that are very significant. Having embarked on a career as a world power, the Japanese people are facing fundamental problems, which they are trying to work out.

1. THE PROBLEM OF DEMOORACY The early Japanese were essentially democratic. Later, militarism developed, flowered into feudalism, and became autocracy run wild. The restoration of the Emperor to his throne in 1868, and the abolition of feudalism. were the first Flteps toward a return to their original democracy. The llation had to be unified, organized and made fit for dmnocratic institutions. We know that the same patriots that overthrew the slIog-ullate and put the Emperor on his throne, also procured from their Emperor a national consti- 125

tution in 1889. The determination of the people to rule was evinced in the first parliament assembled in 1890, and the fight for this divine right has continued for twenty-eight years against a selfconstituted oligarchy, which grew up around the throne. and which threatened to perpetuate a form of autocracy. The battle has at last been won by the representatives of the people, and the fall of 1918 witnessed the installation of a cabinet responsible to a majority in the lower house of parliament. This significant event was scarcely noticed in the daily press of America, and yet it is of vast importance to the cause of democracy ill the world.

Mr. Hara, the present premier, is all untitled man, who has risen from the ranks of the common people, and who still identifies himself with them. The members of the cabinet, who share with the premier the responsibility fO'r ruling the country, are of tlw same democratic bent. Unless these representatives of the peopl~ fail in the performance of their task, the way"is now clear for the perpetuation in Japan of democratic institutions, such as have long' operated in Great Britain.

2. THE LABOR PROBLEM.

AfteT several centuries of feudalism, Japanese laborers were reduced to a condition of submission and subservience from which they are only now beginning to rebound. Twenty-five or thirty years ago labor organizations were attempted but their mismanagement caused their failure and, because of the evils and practical dangers connected with them, they were prohibited. Today .Japan has no labor organizations similar to those in America and Europe but strikes have been occurring with terrible frequency within the last tWf' or three years. In 1917 there was an average of more than me a day throughout the year. The rice riots of August, 191b, were of the nature of a demonstration of massed labor against the powers that be for permitting the markets to be manipulatE'(1 so as to cause the pricE' of rice to go soaring beyond HIe reach of the common peoplE'. The riots not only resulted in the destruction of several hundred thousand dollars worth of property in the leading cities of Japan but caused hy the Terauchi military cabinet to give place to a democratic, civil regime. This popular demonstration of spirit and power on the part of the labor masses has also wrought changes in public sentiment hitherto undreampil of in .rapan.

The "Friendly Society" for mutual aid, education, and general welfare of the laboring classes, is spreading- rapidly through the country, and is helping toward improving the conditions of labor as well as putting it on an' intellig-ent basis, This society has the moral support of mallY lE'ading bnsillE'ss men and statE'smen of Japan. Its leadE'r is a Christian man.

1'J20J JAPAN WORKING OUT HER PROBLEMS

THE INTERIOR OF A HOME IN THE SLUMS OF TOKYO The central government also has recently established within the Home Department, a "Bureau of Local Affairs" whose chief aim and purpose is to guard and improve the conditions of working people in the different localities. Some of the leading officials in this bureau are Christian men, who are endeavoring to apply Christian principles in the work under their charge.

For a number of years, a factory law has been in process of formation in parliament, and in 1916 was put into operation. Factory laborers in J apall are now numbered by the millions, and a a vast number of women and children are employed. Largely through Christian agitation, factory conditions had been exposed, and the situation called loudly for reform. The new law provides some relief, but it is confessedly inadequate, as there are so many loopholes of escape for unscrupulous employers and superintendents of labor.

However, the important thing is the recognition that labor problems exist, that their satisfactory solution is vital to the welfare of the nation, and that a good beginning has been made. N ow that the employees have a taste of the good things possible, and public opinion has begun to take notice, agitation is sure to cont.inue until satisfactory amelioration has taken placf'.

3. THE PROBLElI1 OF' Exc};ss POPULATION It i8 difficult for an AnlPrican to I'palize thf' congestion of population, and the living conditions in a country like Japan. There

are a little less than 150,000 square miles of territory, or about the size of the two Dakotas, and only one-seventh of the total is arable or habitable. Within those narrow bounds a population of approximately 58 millions are compelled to eke out an existence, since the doors of most western countries have been practically closed to Japanese immigration; while towards the East there is scant opportunity for expansion.

Twenty-seven hundred people cannot well subsist on a square mile of ground without intensifying somewhere. Since her territorial borders were not elastic, and her family was increasing at COOLIll WOMEN WORKING IN A LUMBER YARD IN JAPAN the rate of three-quarters of a million a year, Japan found it necessary to foster industrial enterprises in order to. enable her people to live.

The wonderful development of industry in Japan during the last two decades has not been me.rely a vain ambition, but has h'J0n a necessity. It was a matter of life or death for her rapidly increasing population. Her resources in soil and natural products were limited, but her resources in men and women were abundant. The intensive cultivatioll of thesp produced tIll' pl'espnt l'f'lIlarkabJe growth in the uumber and variety of factories, as wf'll as of ppopk "lorking in them.

In '1'okyo, 3,600 new factories sprang into existf'IlCe during 1917, and the rate of factory increase in that city for the last three

JAPAN WORKING OUT HER PROBLEMS

~'ears has approximai.Pfl two hnnrlred a month. III Osaka, the increase has bef'n equally as gTPat, or greater, ~whilf~ other cities have shown rPHult." HcarC!~Jy less st.rikillg. 1'11(',,(' factorif'H located ill or around the leading citirs of .Japan have been drawing the population away from the country districts in a drift estimated at 300.000 a year, s'o that already fa; inlands are beginning to feel its effects.

There can he no question that Japan's new industries have helped wonderfully toward the solution of tllP problem of her excess population, though how long this will prove effective is uncertain. The cost of living has more than doubled since the beginning of the war, according to govprnnwnt figures, and doubtless many of' the new enterprisE'S will suffer, following thp termination of the war. But there can be no question that the Japanese are henceforth to be reckoned an industrial people and are to have a large share in the world's husiness and commerce.

Moreover, it is desiI'l'lbl(' that their entry into this new sphere should be recognized as entirely legitimate. They should not be decried as usurpers, supplanters, nor should the bogey of the "yellow peril" be raised, inasmuch as they are simply working out the problem of national subsistence to which they have as good a right as any other people of the globe.

4. SOCIAL PROBLEMS The place of pre-pminf'nc(' among social problems in Japan just now belongs to the position of woman and her relation to the other sex. Advance in education and the example of the West have conspired to produce a dissatisfaction with the conditions forced upon womanhood by the tE'achings of Buddhism, reinforcpd by Confucianism, during a period of a thousand years or more. W ompn are not any longpr content to marry any husband ~ that may be picked out for them, to rewre him regardless of his moral qualities, and render an abject obedience to his slightest whim, without any recognition of her own rights and social claims. During the past decade, Japan has been floodfd with the light literature of Europe, particularly from Rm;sia, in which the problem of the relation of the sexes is given radical treatment. Ibsen's" Dolls' House" waR translated and almost universally r0ad, producing something like a furore in Japanese society. Very radical movements were initiated in some quartets, and the question of the new woman was the leading topic of discussion in papers and magazines. This agitation has moderatpd somewhat, but it has had its effect, and the movement for the emancipation of woman to a position of social equality, once started, will undoubtedly move forward to final realization. As is well known, Japan was slow to encourage higher educa-

tiOlJ 1'01' womell. Ii ww.; 01l]~' aftE'l' mi""joll I'choo]" had hef'1l l'uccf'sRfril1y carried on for a df'cRf]p or two that the Government finally was comp( HE'd to yipld to a unnaud more or less general for the establishing of girl's high schools throughout the country. There are now ;150 of these institutions with an enrolment of approximately 100,000 girls. Again, the mission schools are in the lead with collf'ge departments for women of two or three years, and recently a Union Ohristian Oollege, fully equipped, has been established in order to provide full college courses for the graduates of high schools. The remarkable initial success of· this college will. doubtless furnish an incentive for the government also to enter this field. The point is this higher education, and especially its Ohristian form, creates standards and ideals for women which cannot but revolutionize Japanese social life. An educated J apanese woman is fitted to become more than servant-in-chief of the man's household. She seeks the place of companion and helpmate. And fortunately the better class of Japanese men are beginning to sec the advantage of this new relation and to welcome it.

Also educated young people are chafing under the restraints which prohibit social mingling of. the sexes, and are calling for a freedom similar to that of the West. Doubtless the suggestion would he to let thEm have such freedom and not resist the demand which is according to nature and for the good of society. But social customs cannot change so rapidly, and it must be said that neit,her the young men nor the young women have aK yet been educated to the responsibilities of social intercourse. The young women have not reached that self-respect and strength of character which wonld enable them to protect themselves, and the y0ung men have not attained that self-control, that chivalry, which in all circumstances would qualify them as protectors of the opposite sex.

It is a fundamental prohlem of social life which is claiming insistent attention in Japan, and it is questionable whether it can safely he solved any more rapidly than Ohristianity can spread to provide the atmosphere and the sanctions under which social. intercourse between the sexes may unhesitatingly he encouraged.

5. THE RELIGIOUS PROBLEM Japan has heen gradually shifting from an atheistic position to one of recognition of religion as vital to the welfare of her people. On the one hand there is evidence of pessimism among the educated youth, leading frequently to suicide; on the other hand there is excess and riotous living, linked with dishonest and shameful practices among the people at large. These have awakened widespread fear that the foundations of their national life were being undermined, and a conviction that religion must he encouraged and cultivated as a pra~tical necessity. The conference of representa"

1')20] JAPAN WORKING OUT HER

tin'H of Buddhism, Rhiuto and Christianity, cOllvokl'd hy the govc:>rnmc:>11t a few y(>arH ago, a1ld urg'C?d to c:>xert t hprnt;f'h~f'H to the uttermost for the social and moral wC?Hare of society, marked a distinct change of front all the part of the government towards religion.

Shinto's answer has bC?pn an attE'mpt to persuade schools, from primary upward, to escort the pupils to shrines of famous heroes, to lwnr an~w the story of their illustrious deE'ds and to n:ake tlwir obeisances to the spirits of the departed.

Buddhism's answer has been a campaign for the establishing of Sunday-schools, in imitation of those conducted by Christians~ with the result that the temples over the country presem the new spectacle of groups of children assembling for singing, memorizing Buddhist texts, receiving reward cards and listening to talks from the priests concerning ancient Buddhist heroes'.

Christianity has answered not only by renewed effort along ordinary lines of work, but by inaugurating and carrying through a stupendous program of evangelism calculated to reach the whole country with the gospel message in some form. This national evangelistic campaign, a union effort of all denominations and extending over a period of four years, has heen a ulliquedemonstration, not only of the unity but of the power of Christianity in Japan. It stirred the churches. It awakened widespread interest among non-Christians. It gave the impulse of new life to thousands of men and women who had been in seart'h of the rea) rC'ligion for mankind.

In recent years, the non-Christian religions in Japan have been awakened to new exertion to save themselves from collapse and ruin, but Christianity has not wavered in its onward march toward final victory.

The Japanese realize their religiouR problem as one of many which they. are working out, and the most thoughtful are keen enough to see that its sOlUti011 rests with Christianity, toward which the drift is markt'd from every sidt' of their life.

"ONLY THROUGH ME"

By JOHN OXF,NHAM "Only through Me can come the great awakening! Wrong cannot right the wrongs that Vrong hath done; Only through Me. all other gods forsaking, Can ye attain the heights that must be won.

Oniy through Me shall Victory be sounded; Only through Me can Right wield righteous sword; Only through Me shall Peace be surely founded; Only through Me! * * * Then hid Me to the Board!"

A German Plea for German

"WHAT WILL HOLD us FAST TO-DAY TO FOREIGN MISSIONS?"

Translated from a letter issned by the German Missionary Society, Berlin T HIS question certainly arises from the souls of many. It sounds as if there were nothing more to impel us to continue after the conclusion of peace to offer gifts, prayers, work, and love to missions among pagans and Mohammedans. And many will even say that there is nothing more. That is chlefly due, however, to the fact that today there are even more incorrect views in currency concerning foreign missions than in the period before the war. One often hears the question today: "Is there still any German missionary work? Have not all missionaries bE'E'n driven out by the Englishf Why do we continue to go to the aid of the heathen now that we no longer have any German colonies 1 Shall we still work in behalf of the blacks after they fought so savagely and so wildly against us in the English and French armies f Have we now, when our enemies are trying to draw the last farthing from our pockets, money left for foreign races? Have we still any right to bring' the Gospel to the heathen when our own people is often enough conducting itself as though it were heathen1"

In such questions many errors lie concealed. Those who do not wish to cling capriciously to preconceived opinions, however, but who wish to see the truth, we can convince, we believe, that there is much to say to hold 'Us still to German missions and that God's will more clearly today, and even really beginning only from, today, demands that we think with 1tndiminished loyalty of the heathen.

1'. It is not true that German mission fields represent only a great waste. Missions in the Dutch colonial empire, or, in other words, a sixth part of the former German Protestant missions, have been practically untouchrd by the war. In wonderful revival movements God has richly blessed in several of these fields of labor, particularly on the island of Nias, the work of German miR- Rions even during the years of war. Furthermore, in the former German colonies of the South Seas the majority of the German missionaries still remain successfully engaged in their activities. The Boer Republic, both in German Southwest Africa and in South Africa, allowed the German missionaries, for the greater part, to continue their work. Neither Japan nor Ohina has expelled German missionaries. In Rpite of the peace trea,ty, in spite of the attempt of the English to deal a death blow to German missionary work in all parts of the world, the Berlin Mission has thus a well 132 founded hope that it will be able to continue its work in South Africa and, of still 1nm'eintportance, among the fmtr hundred millions of the Chinese.

2. To be sure, there is at the present time no longer any German colonial mission. Germany has indeed been robbed of all her colonies, but were we friends ~f missions only on account of the colonies f The first German colonies were won in 1884. The birth of German missions, however, dates back more than a century. Our Berlin .Mission has been sending its emissaries of the Gospel out among the heathen since 1834. Then the will of our Saviour sufficed to make missions a duty and a joy to believing Christians. Is th(~ command of the Lord, "go into all the world," "proclaim Ole Gospel to all creatures," not to continue to have rorce today? If German Christians should ceasp to carryon missions because of the lost colonies, they would have to become subject to the reproach that they had carried on missions, not for the sake of God, but in order to bring their colonies to a flourishing condition, or. in other words, out of a motive of selfishness, refined though it might be. No, even now lpt us show that we have still remained disciples of the Lord who gave His life for all mankind, and children of God who wills that all men be helped. Only so much the purer and more bea7~tiful will our missiotlary work become when the appearance of national selfishness cannot be ascribed to it.

3. But have the rae-es out there deserved it of us ~ Have not many of our dead fallen on the battle-fields, victims of the knives of inhuman blacks 1 'Well, and even if this were true, we should exercise that Christian revenge which has so often given to missions the consecration of a true work of God. The Christian churches of Samoa, in time gone by, avenged the murder of their missionaries on the New Hebrides by sending out constantly new missionaries until the murderers and cannibals had hecome Christians. Should not German Christians be able to exercise such magnanimity in the spirit of Christf BeRides that, however, the war has not seen the blacks on the Ride of our enemies alone. Among the bravest deeds of German troops in this war was the heroic fight of the little band in German East Africa under Lettow-Vorbeck. But for the unparalleled loyalty with which the black sol· diers stuck to their German leaders and to the German Empire they would never have been able to hold out until the armistice against the ten-fold superior forces of their enemies. Do we German CMistians want to be less true than these blacks? Or who was it who protected our missional'ies in China against being driven out of their stations and heing spnt back home ~ It was the Chinese, heathen as well as Christian, who by a storm of indignation compelled their Government to def('at the will of England and to allow the German missionaries, already assembled in the

harbor cities for embarkation, to return again to their fields of work. Can we ever forget thi8 of the Chine8e? They declared that the German missionaries were thpir friends and had given unsplfish aid. Shall this judgmmt latpr be brought to shame through the indifferpnc{' alld the littlp faith of thp Christians in the homeland r 4. Primarily, how{'vpr, WP are held to missious hy the loyally of the Christian boliie8 brought together hy our missionarif's. In German East Africa, in South Africa, ill Kiaochow, and in the Province of Canton, they haVf~ givPll our miRsionarips countless proofs of their loyalty, tllPiJ' confidence, their resppct, and their love. Tpachen; and pn'achers have oftpn carried on thpir work with half their meager salaries, oJ', indeed, without auy remunera- tion, instead of looking ahout for oth('1" better paid positionR. The churches have increased their free-will offf rings in order to make up for the falling off of gifts from Germany. In public service and in the closets the prayers of our black and of our yellow Chris- tians during the war have mounted up to God for us. If only WI'

could thank them all without exception! If we could only re- assemble our far-scattered churches in German }<jast Africa! But if that should be forbidden us, one thing is certain, our missionary work has stood the test of fire. In the homeland we have to weather the storm against the Church and religion, but on th(~ mission fields God shows us that the GOSl)Pl is still a vital force and that our Church has brought forth living issue in the churches on the mission field. Do we want to destroy this same comfort and this means of strengthpning of our faith by replying to thp faith and confidence of our black and of our Yellow brethren with lack of faith and with indifferE'l1cef· .

5. Missions, of course, cost money, and mOllPY will soon be scarce enough ill Gprmany. But as YE't it is not. And is the work which we do in God 's caus(~ tIw first which must feel the pinch of povert~'? So 10llg as the crowds go to tIlE' cinE'ma and the theater, and so long as we have mOlley Pllough left foJ' thousands of hobbiE'S, GE'rman Christians cannot say with a good conscience that it is our poverty which prevpnts. our making any offering to missiolls. What we formerly gave to missions we gave in most cases out of our ahundance. OftenE'r than formerly our missionary gifts will now have to represpnt real sacrifice. 'Will they really have less value in God's eyes for that rpason1 Love is resourceful. If we give up missions, we do it, honestly, not fundamentally from lack of money hut from lack of love.

6. Must love really cross land and sea in ordpr to find sufferings to alleviate! (h: to filld ullhelipw'rs who llPpd the Gospel? We have, to be sure, at the presel1t time l1E'E'd E'nough at home, and the worst need of all arises from the fact that our own people

1')20) A GERMAN PLEA FOl{ GERMAN MISSIONS 13S

know the Gospel so little. That iR all very tnH'. Our nation must again become a Christian nation or we are lost. Our nation needs the Gospel as urgently as it needs daily hread. But who can bring it to thpm but Christians who themselves possess a living faith 1 But there is no 70tlller any livinrJ faith where the clear will of 0111' S(u}iour is not relJardt'd,. where there is denial of his world-embracing love; when] one tUrJIS indifferently aw·ay from the need of the foreign nations with their millions of souls. God has in many places blessed the work of our German missionaries and with it the love of missions of Christians in the homeland, even during the war, beyond our .prayers and beyond our understanding'; and should our gratitude for this be shown in withdrawal of the daily bread from this work? God helped the Christians of the black and of th(, yellow race:'; to perform their miracle of loyalty, and should there revprberate to them from the Christians of the homeland in return for this an echo of disloyalty? God has thwarted in many ways the counsel of our enemies so that the English have not been able to eradicate German missions everywhere in their world dominion; and we should be showing little faith if in allSWfr to this we had only to ask if German missions were not at all nld. No, here is a question of doing one thing and not omitting another: We must with all our forces strive to the end that in our nation the Gospel should again become a power; but at th(~ samp time we must show that for us God's name, God's kingdom, and God's will really extend over all. And therefore we must I'pmain active and self-sacrificing friends of missions.

These are the causes, in a word, that hold us to foreign missions; the lO1)e and loyalty which echo to 11S from Africa and China, the blessing and the protection of God which we are experiencing, the wish to show our own people the vital to/'ce of the Gospel, the need of thl'- heathen, and the holy will of our God which remains ever the same, on whose aid we rely for ourselves, for our missionary work, and for our fatherland.

THE CENTENARY OF MEDICAL MISSIONS In 1820 Rev. John Scudder, M. D., began his work as a medical missionary in Ceylon. Fifty years later Clara Swain, M. D., went to India to begin medical work for women and children. The Committee of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America has appointed a special committee of one hundred to arrange .a suitable celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of the establishment of Medical Missions. The celebration will be educational. and the printed program will include valuable historical material arranged by Mrs. Caroline Atwater Mason; an interview with Dr. C. H. Patton who has iust returned c. trom the Orient; a dramatic presentation entitled "The Doctor Dilemma,"

by Mrs. E. Cronk; and an appeal to young men and women by Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery. (Write to Mr. F. P. Turner, 25 Madison Ave., New York.)

"A Foreign Devil of The Second Degree"

A Picture of Chinese heathenism as it really 18 BY REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT Author of "China from Within"

A gift from America enabled me not long ago to open a girl's primary school in a certain mountain village. That village had never seen a school, either for boys or girls. One of our Girls' High School graduates was sent there to teach. Being vastly beyond any of the villagers in education, not to speak of the gulf that separ<'tcd her from them as a Christian, her intelligence and attractiveness. along with her modesty, speedily won the hearts of some of the. women, and made the village men take note that a girl could attain such heigh~s.

Among those who came to see her was a young woman, an only child, whose mother died soon afterward. Her father was a headman of the village, a rough, coarse, brutal fellow, who blamed the death of the mother on the ill-luck that resulted from the daugh- ter having any intercourse with a Christian teacher. They call a Chinese Christian disciple of a missionary a "foreign devil of the second degree." The daughter was charmed with such a Christian teacher and found her sympathetic and loving in her sorrow as no one else could be. .

The girl began to learn of Jesus, the Rest Giver, and learned that there was a better way than the time-honored heathen custom of betrothing a baby girl to a baby boy. From babyhood, she had been betrothed to a country boor, whom she had never seen, and who had become an idiot through his ljnbridled excesses. An engagement is as binding among the Chinese as a marriage with Americans, and the time was fast approaching for her to wed. Practically everybody in China marries. An unmarried woman! Vhoever heard of such a strange and disgraced creature! But the girl had been absorbing ideas from her teacher friend. The teacher did not tell her not to wed; but tbe Gospel wbich promotes true liberty began to work in her soul. She realized that tbe living deatb to wbicb she was bound was unnatural, outrageous; and what little of the Gospel she had absorbed caused her nature to rebel and gave her will strength to resist the demand of custom. She told her father that she would not marry the young man. In a rage, he beat her and then in disappointment and anger went off and got drunk. He came back and abused her more, taunted her with unfiliality and laid her new and unexpected stubbornness to the "foreign devil" religion. He blamed her mother's death on her turning away from the good old customs of the ancestors to listen to the foreign religion. There is no law in China to curb such a parent's brutal authority.

Disgraced beyond measure in the eyes of all, the girl awoke in the night from her stupor of. pain; she soaked Japanese match heads in water and drank the poison. The result was another woman's heart broken by heathenism; another life sacrificed to the Moloch of "llonorable custom"; another one of the myriads of inarticulate women sufferers strangled by the heartless system in . which they are enmeshed. A little gleam of the Gospel she had, but too late, and not enough. Whose fault? This is another of the multitudinous cases referred to in Ezekiel 6 :33.

136

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARMER, Montclair, N. J.

A NEW WAY FOR A NEW DAY up to the tasks there must be a THE EDITOR'S MItSSAGt a" League of Churches as well a THE Interchurch World Move- League of Nations. Cooperation is in the air. The gem' us f th e I n- ~~icmh eint.t is a product of the age in has been born. Although 0 terchurch World Movement is ~Ito IS an mcorporated body, it is not found in the weaving together of much an organization as an f?rces with an emphasis and effi- Ideal, an emphasis, a way and an clency never before realized.

atmosphere in which to carry out It will furnish what Tyler Denthe program of Jesus Christ. It nett calls "a new definition of what h.as come out of the great tribula- the Church can do." In the past tlOn of war. It seeks to capitalize some of the experience of the war there has often been a waste of c£- for the Kingdom of Love. It faces fort, both spiritual and cmooapteerraiatl~ because churches did not an over-organized world, in need in America even as much as on of bold reconstruction, suffering from a starvation that is mental the foreign mission field. All of and. spiritual as well as physical. tthhe~msa were doing many things of Vlewmg the critical situation in me character, such as devel- opmg intercession and miSSIOn every country, many have asked study, furnishing literature and whether the Church had no solu- publicity, making surveys of fields tion for the problems. Christian- at home and abroad, and raising ity h~s the message-who will make It known? Is the voice of money' through special drives; but they had no plan for unified and Protestantism strong enough to be cooperative effort, such as achieved heard above the swirl of the rapids e.x!raordinary .success in the pub- in which humanity is caught? Not hClty and drives of the various unless it be a unanimous, consen- war relief funds.

tient voice. Years ago Dr. John To centralize all this denomina- R. Mott said, "An unconvinced tional activity within the space of world is the price we are paying a year would have seemed frankly for our divided. Protestantism." impossible before the war. But the There are more than a billion people in the world (two-thirds of church world is wiser to-day than it was five years ago. Leaders of the population of the earth) to all communions have endorsed the whom the truths of Christianity have not yet been brought home. Interchurch idea from the first We stand, and with difficulty presentation of its aim and scope.

Scores of organizations have offi- maintain our balance in a flood of cially approved. Training confer- ~r<?blems-industrial, political, rehgIOUS. Men, women, and children ences have been held, and soon a are all affected. No class is ex- great series of campaigns and con- ventions will reach states, counties, empt, no country, no race. and local churches with definite We face tasks immeasurably plans.

greater than the task of the war. Much depends upon the exten- The Church and its agencies may make this day more glorious in sive surveys of home and foreign opportunity than any preceding mission fields. The basis will be epoch. But in order to measure geographical, not toecicnlcelsuiadsetictahl~ and, in endeavoring 137

whole body of facts there will be number of workers on the field, presented an entirely new study of and other details could be easily the present situation. worked out."

The total budget to be raised in Within eleven months Dr. Vance the campaign of April, 1920 will of the Southern Presbyterian be computed after these needs have Board had called to New York been tabulated and presented to the the representatives of home and General Committee in January, foreign mission boards to pray and 1920. All the funds contributed, plan for an Interchurch World except a small percentage (prob- Movement.

ably under 5 per cent) taken for That. was in December, 1918; overhead expense, will be admin· the following month saw rapid istered by the cooperating boards. development. Vanous conferences, The running expense is being met councils, federations, boards and now by extension of credit offered other groups heard of the idea, by some of the missionary boards, learned the name, and endorsed the banks requiring neither casn both. The general committee of nor collateral, for, they say, "The 150 and the executive committee Church is the best credit in the of 21 members, of which Dr. John.

world." R. Matt is chairman, held meet- A Bit of History ings, chose temporary headquar- ters, and began the selection of a The genesis of the Interchurch staff.

ideal cannot be discovered. It Would you like a glimpse of the was enshrined in the prayers of many departments? The task of making until the war made united drives a survey of world needs, with all seem both practical and spiritual. the necessary maps, graphs, pic- The first public utterance was tures, lantern slides, statistics, reprobably the answer to. th~ ques- search, publicity and literature re- tion "How can we mamtam, de- quires a carefully chosen and well velop and direct the new measure organized personnel, and much of beneficence which has come to persistent development of respon- the front in the war?" This was sibility among clergy, laymen and at the Garden City Conference, women for intercession, life serv- January, 1918. ice and stewardship. Stirring all Mr. James M. Speers said, church members into a burning de- "There must be a far larger meas- sire to evangelize the world would ure of cooperation among the de- justify the existence of the Inter- nominations than ever before if we church World Movement even if expect people to give liberally. there were to be no financial cam- We shall get all the money we paign. But to find the needed funds need for foreign missions when a ill April, 1920, will call for tremen- united Church presents its united dous promulgation through campaigns appeal. * * * Why should we not in all parts of the country to be inassign to Montclair, for example, stituted by the field department, where I live, and to every other whose offices are on the twelfth floor town and city in the country its of 222 Fourth Avenue, New York.

portion of that budget and hav:C On the sixth floor of the same the Christian men and women of building are the publicity and. liter- each community, without regard to ature departments. Other branches their denominational affiliations, of work are in the Greenhut Build- undertake to raise their quota? ing, New York, while the executive The money thus raised could be force and personnel division are at apportioned to each organization 111 Fifth Avenue. When all the cooperating in accordance with the varied forms of activity can be

WOMANS FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

housed under one roof much time Personal research on home and and effort will be spared, and the foreign fields. Important depremarkable effectiveness of the utations have already gone to steps taken thus far will be bettpr the Orient, women traveling at their own expense, and inappreciated. vestigating the interests of women and children in seven Relating the Wowen commissions on- And what of the part women Primary and secondary euucamay play? Are they factors and tion for girls.. coefficients? Instead of a separate "woman's department" we have Collegiate education. in the Interchurch World Move- Religious education and evangelment a "department of women's activities." This is a distinction ism. and a difference. As a policy, it Social service. recognizes the remarkable achieve- Christian literature. ments of the past fifty years of Medical work for women in Chiwoman's organized work for home and foreign missions, provides for na and India. their conservation and develop- Problems in administration. ment, and hopes to make the advance of all Protestant woman's II. Spiritual Resources. boards more effective than ever. Women already form one-third of At the same time it declares that the list of special in tercessors, the day for the segregation of and are helping give this imporwomen is pa.st and gone, that a tant emphasis to all the activiwoman's ability should be recog- ties of the Movement. Volunnized as that of a church member teers are being sought for state without regard to sex. This pol- and county directors of spiritual icy offers a great field for initia- resources. tive and should result in mobilizing the largest possible number of III. Industrial Relations. those whose sympathies have not yet been roused to meet the needs Women are serving in this deof the womanhood of the world. partment in research and serv- It also calls upon women to co- ice. They are helping to shape operate with men without sacri- a program that shall bring ficing individual opinion upon the Christian principles to bear a altar of superselfconsciousness. significant part in settling so- In this new era we should be able cial unrest, in bringing justice to march together, as we did in to women and children who war activities. are the greatest sufferers in war and its aftermath, and in The Interchurch World Move- educating church members to ment aims not so much to set up adopt the program of Jesus new machinery as to furnish a Christ in national and intergreat belt by which many impor- national justice and good will. tant and well oiled wheels in var- Valuable correspondence coursious places may be geared on for es will be offered about J angreater efficiency and production. uary 1.

To interpret in concrete terms IV. "Life Service and Stewardship. with reference to some of the departments and divisions of the There can be no sex line in these movement it means: departments, for women are 1. Surveys as regards work for being challenged to-day quite .as much as men to give them- women. selves and their property to Kingdom tasks. The success of "Rainbow recruiting" in many cities has proved the

valtie of that bit of womanly teer service near their own homes. Before that date the Budget of needs initiative. to be presented in the financial Cam- paign will be closed, and the Board V. Missionary Education. of Review will hold its first meeting since the World Survey Conference. In this field women have made There are no adjectives strong important contributions both enough to convey adequately the quality of enthusiasm and faith evi- at home and abroad. Such an denced in that Atlantic City gather- ing. It will go down in history as expansion of mission study an epoch-making event. With many it wil! mark the passage from distrust might be assured as would stir to confidence, from narrow views to broad, from separation to cordial all Protestantism to meet ade- cooperation.

quately every need presented The Interchurch World Movement does not intend to commission any in the surveys. It cannot suc- missionaries or to dispense any mis- sionary funds. Such duties will still ceed unless a large volunteer be in the hands of the boards. Organic union or the doing away with de- force of women who have a nominational lines, is not being con- sidered. It is a line-up and a forward genius for teaching and organc march of Prdtestant evangelical churches, in which each communion izing can be mobilized. In the maintains its own banners, traditions and responsibility, but in a spirit of paucity of hospitals, nurses, united prayer and study, cooperative effort and sympathy, take pride in doctors, school faciHties, means the success of all, and .honors with unified devotion and adoration its of self-support and self-expres- one Lord and Master Jesus Christ. sion in the lands of pagan Send to.

faiths can be found a strong Women's Activities Department, Interchurch World Movement, 111 appeal to women of America Fifth Avenue, New York City for free literature on Stewardship. that justice may be granted- 1. February Stewardship Period. a fair chance given-to all 2. A True Story of a Live-Wire Read- ing Contest. women everywhere. 3. A Catechism of Christian Steward- ship by Ralph S. Cushman. Plans are now underway subject to the approval of the Federation and the Council that should result in the organization of many more local Fed- erations for women, an effective education in Stewardship principles through reading contests on the topic in churches of all denominations, and a great series of Conferences for women ill' which the entire program and message of the Interchurch World Movement may be presented by women trained to speak on the subject. .

The County Conferences (3000 in number) will call for 700 women speakers who should devote two weeks after February 16th to volun-

FROM MANY

CHINA made good is worth more than ten good men made better." Princeton Center in Peking Gradually the whole prison atmos- SEVERAL American colleges have phere has changed. Dormitaries planted centers of _Christian in- have taken the place of cells, a lec- fluence which have cultivated a sym- ture hall has been built, and definite pathetic understanding between the work is provided for the men, on countries they bring together. One which they receive a percentage of the of the most active of these is the profits. One man has, since his re· Princeton University Center in Pe- lease, found employment with the king, which is organized under the Yangtse Engineering Company; and Y. M. C. A., with Bible'discussion sent a letter to his prison associates, groups, classes in economics, business urging them to heed what the mis· methods and foreign language; and sionaries teach, since 'it has the power especial stress laid upon evangelism. – to change lives as proved by himself. Much interest has developed in prison work, and prison conditions have been Results from an Industrial Experiment greatly modified. In one of the large prisons is a chapel, in which the pul- THE Jenshow Industrial School of pit is surmounted by pictures of the West China is in the center of five religious leaders who have exerted the la-rgest influence on the an agricultural section compnsmg Chinese,-Confucius, M 0 ham m e d, Buddha, Laotse and Christ. Priests nearly 5000 square miles, and has of all five preached on successive days, but gradually the first four been blazing a new trail in the religions fell into disuse, and an open field was left for the teaching of Christian development of West Christ. .China. When it was found four A summer conference is conducted in North China at an old temple of years ago that twenty-five of the "the sleeping Buddha," now become the temple of the living Christ, and thirty-two boys who had completed many have been won to lives of Christian service there. the lower grade were unable to con- A Prison Transformed tinue in school unless some scheme WORK for Chinese prisoners III could be evolved to supplement their H wangpei Hsien is carried on jointly by the London Missionary funds, and therefore would be lost to Society and the American Church Mission, each being responsible for Christian -influences, it was decided one visit a week. Beginning with individual talks, and tract distribu- to challenge the time-honored prejution, the work has now expanded to include teaching organized classes, dice of the Chinese scholar against and regulaT preaching. The Magishate, although not a Christian, is in manual labor, and to introduce farm hearty accord, and shares the work work as a self-help opportunity for by giving occasional lectures. He is of the opinion that "one bad man the boys. Further opportunity has been offered by the introduction of certain types of industrial work, such as weaving, wood-carving and some manufacturing.

As a result of this experiment, out of twenty-nine graduates fifteen have professed faith in Christ, having en- tered the school non-Christian, and all but five have entered work under Christian auspices. Two only have so far been impervious to Christian :nfluence. Chinese Recorder.

Work of a Chinese Woman Doctor ABOUT twenty years ago a Chi- nese woman doctor went with a 141

foreign missionary to a large interior outline the objects of the series town to attend a patient. While there which were: she was stoned and driven into a 1st-that these Jews might band house for refuge. This incident so themselves together into an organiza- impressed her with the need for tion, so that they might not be ut- Christian work in that heathen center terly absorbed by the Chinese round that a few years later she came, with about them, and lose their identity one nurse and no financial backing, as Jews; 2nd-that they might hear to start work there. the wonderful history of their fore- What are some of the results after fathers, that it might stimulate them a few years of service? She has the to hope in the purposes of God, and finest property and hospital in her that they might determine to con- Mission in Central China, and not stantly bear in mind how God dealt only that but the land was given to with their own people; 3rd-that her almost entirely by the people of they might understand the foundation the city, and she has a yearly grant truths of the Jewish religion which from them as well. When the local for centuries had been witnessed to Red Cross Hospital gets a cut-throat by their fathers here in Kaifeng, and case from the police c:;ourt which' that they might return to the One they dare not tackle, they send it True God of their ancestors, and to over and in a short time the patient His Word; 4th-that they might has recovered. know something of the great move- When a woman in the country ment Zion-ward that is taking place over forty Ii distant cuts her throat today, and that in this return of in most ghastly fashion, the doctor is Israel, some of these "from the sent for, and arrives on the sixth land of Sinim" might have their al- day with her nurses, after braving a lotted place; 5th-that they might winter sleet, in order to succour the know that Jesus Christ was a Jew, sufferer. Not only does the doctor and that He came to save the world.

go farty Ii into the country, but she has been known to go over four hun- The Missionary Touches SDk Industry A dred and fifty li, and patients come NOVEL means of spreading the Gospel was employed in South to her from a radius of over nine hundred ii. China, where an association has been This Christian hospital furnishes formed for the improvement of the an example of what a mere handful silk industry. The first aim of the of Chinese Christian women can do Association is to rid the country of for their community. diseased silk worms-a serious un- Chinese Recorder. dertaking. The Chinese are natur- ally suspicious of being duped, and Attempt to Reorganize Chinese Jews are wary of new methods. This is I N MAY, 1919, the Rev. J. H. where the missionary's chance comes Blackstone, with a band of work- in, for the Chinese know the Church ers, held a series of meetings in con- is there for no other reason than to nection with the Kaifeng Church of help them. Accordingly, the mis- the Canadian Anglican Mission for sionary pastor posts advertisements the Chinese Jews of Kaifeng, with a of the new method, and Rev. E. C.

view to bringing them back to a reali- Howe writes that recently he made a zation of their position as a part of trip, carrying with him 120,000 silk the "chosen people" of God. Most worm eggs which had been micro- of the Jews, it was found, have scopically examined, and found that dropped all Jewish customs, being he could create an interest in follow- practically idolators. ing instructions, where business men The first meeting served to intro- could not get a hearing. Those who duce the Jews to each other, and to bought the healthy eggs were so

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

elated over results that immediate re- and one Bible woman. A one-doc- quests ~ame in to the Association for for hospital means: 1, that the doctor more-what the Society desired, but has to do all the administrative work could not bring about. to the detriment of his- missionary and professional work: -2, that the The Coolie Women Left Behind doctor has no time for personal work along Christian lines: 3, that the W HEN the Chinese coolie trans- patients will not get the scientific portation to France began, some treatment that his medical ideals tell misgivings were felt by missiona:ries him they should have: 4, that hos- as to how their work would be af- pitals are closed when the doctor is fected. Time proved, however, that at annual council, medical confer- instead of being a hindrance the ence, or on furlough: 5, that some movement served to bring Chinese doctors give up vacation and annual women, left behind, nearer to the meeting to keep institutions open in missionaries. In the personal work the summer months, when the popu- following tent services, often the first lation is depending so much on the point of contact was the fact that hospital for help. Dr. Martin hopes a husband or son had joined the that the Forward Movement or the Labor Battalion. Interchurch World Movement will make possible an addition to the "This is the fi'rst time I have heard staff. the Christian doctrine," one would say, "but I have a husband who has JAPAN. CHOSEN gone to your country, so I thought I would like to come and hear your Parable of the Seed Illustrated teaching." MR. YI KAI 0, of the village of The women were told how their Unmooruni, Korea, was, about absent ones were hearing the same five years ago, the reluctant host of Gospel, and that they ought to learn a Bible colporteur, who succeeded in it so that when they returned they leaving a copy of the Gospel. For might be Christians together. four years the book remained un- noticed, then suddenly the desire to MissIon Hospital in Manchuria study it became a passion with Mr. Yi. His son was despatched to the THE St. Andrew's Hospital of the nearest town where a "Jesus Canadian Mission, Manchuria, preacher" lived, with orders to found its In-Patient Depa'rtment bring him home. Here the Bible taxed to its utmost last March as a teacher was received with the utmost result of the Korean independence respect, and remained several days, demonstrations. Dr. S. H. Martin, explaining the Way of Life. the Superintendent, in his report of six months' work, says that of the Mr. Yi was anxious to know how patients who were discharged cured to worship God as he ought, how to all returned home Christians. The pray, how to induct others into the men came in with terror-stricken faces fellowship, and many other sundry and left with smiling countenances, questions had to be answered. He and the light in their eyes revealed had seen sacrifices to spirits of moun- the new hope that had come to them tain and sky; he had seen the wor~ in Christ. More than half the dead ship of SO'rcerer, but how to worship died non-Christian, yet their friends the true and living God was his chief all asked to have the Christian burial concern, for he had never seen a service for them. Christian church. Arrangements were made for regular visits of a The great handicap is the lack of circuit preacher, and today there is a adequate hospital staff. At present church of fifteen members, with a there are two Korean surgical assist- congregation increased to fifty or _ants, one druggist, one preacher and secretary combined, two pupil nurses,

more when the missionary goes to large number of smaller congregathe village~ tions gathered, a few ministers and other Christian workers discovered Industrial Help for K~rean8 and fitted for a life of Christian serv- ice, a still larger number 9f isolated To TEACH industrial methods and scattered Christian brothers won; among the poorer Christians of and a Christian public sentiment has Southern Korea the Australian Pres- been fostered. byterian Mission employs a man who organizes cooperative societies. One Christian Commnnlty at Pompira especially successful experiment has been to purchase machines for rope TWO or three Christian families of making and lend these to Christian Sapporo, an island of Japan, people in various places. Once hav- united with three or four more famiing learned to operate them, they lies from Japan proper and pushed soon earn enough to support them- into the remote, and undeveloped selves and pay for their machines. region of Pompira, where they drove It follows also that the churches are their stakes in the forest and founded enabled to cancel debt. new homes. Among the company of pioneers was a young man who had Country Evangelism been a Bible student in Sapporo. No sooner had the little colony JAPAN delights in expositions, his- formed in Pompira than this young torical or industrial, and such an man .began to organize the children occasion provides an opportunity to into Sunday-school. A year or so carryon an active campaign of evan- later a church was founded and a gelism among the visitors. A tent meeting house built. All this was is pitched in a convenient location. accomplished without a pastor-in Volunteer workers are always pres- fact they have had no minister except ent to welcome, to serve tea, to check a theological student in vacation. parcels for the day, to advise or entertain, to answer inquiries of every Japanese Christian Laymen sort. Room for rest and reading is provided in the cool tent. Each af- ONE of the hopeful indications ternoon hymn singing, crisp preach- that Japan will some day measing, liberal tract distribution and ad- ure up to the idealism of the new vertising are the oTder-hard work era is the fact that Christian busibut far-reaching. ness and professional men are taking the lead in important undertakings. A special literature is produced for Mr. Suzuki, the Gompers of Japan. the country evangelist-up-to-date, is a Christian, and is the head of a for even in the country in Japan, new Society numbering 30,000 working things are sought afteT. A loaning men. He was technical advisor to library reaches the rural districts by the Japanese delegates at the Paris post,-books of Christian biography, Labor Congress. The Japanese chief expositions of the Sermon on the engineer cooperating with the Ameri- Mount and autobiographical sketches can engineer in charge of operating of well known Japanese who have the Siberian Railways is an earnest found the Way of Life. Growing outspoken Christian gentleman. The out of this distribution of literature efforts of such men supplement the is a little monthly of four to eight direct preaching of the Gospel, and pages, "The Northe'rn Brotherhood," have a vital influence in interpreting whose columns answer questions, the spirit of Christianity; and beand record the experiences of the in- cause of the prominence and ability quirers. of these Christian leaders, the news- papers are eager to give filII publicity· By the use of all these methods, to their activities. Thus the 'rural five churches have been planted, a

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

districts are impressed, and en- In view of the fact of the great movecouraged to attempt reforms in their ments against the use of intoxicants in own communities. various countries of the world, the Gen- eral Assembly of the SOl1th India United Impressions of an American In Japan Church, in meeting assembled, requests the Government of India to place such DR. CORNELIUS H. PATTON, restrictions upon the importation, manu- Home Secretary of the American facture and sale of intoxicants as will Board, who visited Korea, China and lead to the total prohibition of the traffic. Japan in 1919 to gather material for Interchurch World Movement sur- The South India United Church veys, found heathenism a staring reality everywhere in Japan; and this has nea:ly 200,000 members, and repin spite of her modern educational system, with a high degree of literary resentatIVes came to this meeting of and scientific learning among her the Assembly from aU parts of Madras Presidency, Mysore, Travan- core and Ceylon.

Dnyanodaya.

A people. The word heathen is sup- Problems Revealed by Eddy Meetings posed to be taboo in cultivated, beau- HINDU leader said to an Indian tiful Japan, one of the five great Christian not long ago: powers, but the denunciatory Psalms which inveigh against idolatry might "Christianity has conquered China apply there with startling vividness. and Japan, but these are only In Tokyo, Dr. Patton witnessed two primary schools; India is a college temple processions. In one of them and here you must do much mare to the god, of hideous form, was being conquer." carried on a platform by a company Rev. H. A. Popley, in summarizof sake-filled youth, who transported ing the lessons which emerged from the deitv from side to side of the Dr. Sherwood Eddy's tour of India street, aiternately lifting it up and in ~919! says in the first place that down and all the time yelling like IndIa will never be won by giving to demons. At Kobe there is a Shinto evangelism only a little spare time shrine devoted to the rice god, now and then. In many places it was found cthhautrcnheimtheemr bmerissshioadnatriiems~ guarded by two foxes; a very popu- pastors nor lar deity, where worshipers are to be found at all hours, pilgrims, farmers, for definite, personal evangelistic and especially the rice merchants of work. A second impression was the 'he city, who seek the favor of the need for continuous, follow-up god in their transactions of the day, work; a campaign covering several and go through their rigmarole with years, and not merely a few months. Third, the value of evangelism in great assiduity. But Dr. Patton is convinced that promoting union was made clear. this is not the Japan which is to be. The first Conference on Unity of In- Two great movements are sweeping dian pastors was held in connection across the land, and the people of with Dr. Eddy's campaign in Tran- Japan are discovering their close re- quebar. Another need revealed in lationship., They are Democracy and' the campaign was that of outstand- Christianity, and they are taking pos- ing Indian workers, whose word carries authority. Such a one was session of the Japanese mind. Mr. N. V. Tilak, who died since the IXDIA series of meetings. . Resolution on Prohibition A L T a meeting held at Calicut in Oc- Commission on Village Education tober, the South India United c;hurch .passed the following resolu- E~DING missionary organiza- tions of Great Britain and tIOn whIch was communicated to the America have appointed a Commis- Government of India through the sion to look into and report upon the Government of Madras: problem of village education fnr In-

dia, and all branches of work for de- ion in regard to the establishment in pressed and backward classes. The India of a Central "Language School central purpose of the Commission is for Missionaries. It was pointed to advise concerning the best means out that the average efficiency of misby which a truly strong Christian sionaries as regards language is be- Church may be established in India, low what it ought to be, and that and made a power for good in that the general knowledge of the people, country. This will carry the inquiry religions, government, etc., of India, beyond questions of curricula and which a missionary needs to begin school management, and will lead to his life work, is usually acquired only a study of political changes and after many. years of service. Betheir probable bearing upon econom- cause o.f the enormous expense of ic, social, moral and spiritual life. properly equipping a dozen or more Plans will be built, as far as prac- language schools throughout India, ticable, upon work already done, and the advantage of one central School every effort made to cultivate sym- is obvious. pathetic understanding with Indian Christians. A Christian Steward Members of the Commission in- MR. E. W. FRITCHLEY of Bom-' clude among others Rev. Alex. bay was, as a boy, poor, un- Fraser, Principal Trinity College, schooled and handicapped socially, being an Eurasian. But under the Ceylon, Prof. D. J. Fleming, for- influence of Bishop William Taylor he gave his life to Christ; and with merly of Forman College, Lahore; an income amounting to $20 a month the Bishop of Dornakal; K. T. Paul, he set apart a tenth, saying: General Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. "Lord, if Thou wilt bless and help for India and Ceylon and Rev. J. H. me, I will give Thee a tenth of all I make; later I will give a fifth; and Maclean of the United Free Church later I'll give Thee everything I earn Mission. to, help build the Kingdom."

Social Work for Factory Employees He is now one of the leading architects of India. Splendid build- I NDIA is falling in line by organiz- ings in that city and in many parts ing social work for factory em- of India bear the marks of his rare ployees. A large shoe manufactur- skill. In all his life and business he ing concern at Cawnpore has agreed recognizes he is first a steward of the to station a missionary and his wife Lord, and has been untiring in planin the factory to ameliorate the con- ning buildings, holding conventions, dition of their 4000 workers. Cawn- distributing tracts, fighting the liquor pore is one of India's largest manu- traffic, encouraging worthy undertakfacturing centers, and practically all ings and even serving the Church the employee class are illiterate. often as lay preacher. The splendid They need to be taught to keep flies building for the Poona Orphanage, off the babies' faces, to find amuse- costing $25,000, and a new church ment in something more exalted than at Kalyan are results of his energy, the nautch and to send their children generosity and Christian consecrato school at least a few hours a day. tion. One advantage is in the fact that 900 of Cawnpore's working class are Iiv- Record of Christian Work. in'g in a model self-governing village adjacent to the city, where it is vastly easier to begin work.

Need for Central Language School Race Lines Disregarded THE American Presbyterian Mis- FOR a world in bondage to race sion in India in May, 1919, sent prejudice, here is an example of a circular letter to other Missions in mutual confidence. The University. India inviting an expression of opin- of Cambridge Mission at Delhi has

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

made an Indian Christian the Prin'- about it. One of the wives could cipal of the Mission College, and the not rest until her husband joined her English missionaries, all of whom are in her new found joy, and by prayer graduates of Cambridge University, and persuasion led him to Christ.

serve under him, The Mission Then the Hindu leaders became school with its 800 Hindu and Mo- greatly stirred. They gathered the hammedan boys and large staff of Bibles of the women and burned teachers is now under purely native them, beating the women and forcing supervision, save in matters in which them to sign a letter to the Bishop English and Indian alike a:re bound stating that they were no longer to submit to the Mission Council. Christians, and asking him to take An atmosphere of mutual helpfulness their names from the church roll.

has resulted. But a little later the women man- aged to get a letter to the Bishop, Preaching in the Telugn Area telling him that the former letter THE America:n Baptist Mission in had been signed under compulsion, India supports a group of twelve a:nd no attention was to be paid to native itinerant preachers, who, in it; that they still loved and followed 1918 pitched camp in 31 different the Saviour. The Indian Witness. centers, visited 194 villages, and in addition made four long tours aver- SIAM AND THE LAOS aging ninety miles each. A Siamese Missiona.t'Y Society These twelve- men, in addition to their primary education, have been THE first foreign missionary sotrained four years in the Ramapatam ciety in South Siam was or- Bible School. In preaching, they use ganized at Petchaburi last July with illustrations very close to common ten women present. As they have life, as the following will show: studied about their sisters in Africa, India, Chosen and Japan they have "The house-fly differs wholly from begun to realize what women can do the honey bee. The one frequents in the way ,of teaching others. filthy places, the other loves the fragrance of rose and jasmine; the one A Woman's Training School was takes for its food decayed life, the held in June and continued through other the sap from life's bloom; the July, at which a course was given on the Gospel of John. The women one eats and dies, the other lays up in attendance were especially interstore for others. Those whose na- ested in memorizing Gospel songs. tures are unchanged are like the fly; those that are reborn become in na- The White Elephant.

ture like the honey bee. Salutary Discipline Record of Christian Work. THE official court circular, issued from the palace of the King of INAn Incident of South India Siam, is worthy of emulation by a village of South India the edu- other governments. This circular is . cated high caste women became in- published daily in the English newsterested in Christ, and fearing that papers of Bangkok, and not infretheir husbands might not consent to quently the frank announcement aptheir being baptized, fifty of them pears that a titled official had been decided to be baptized and tell their dismissed fO'r laziness, or that a husbands afterwards. On hearing of royal page was discharged for faulty this, the men met together to decide morals. what they should do. After consultation, in which they stated that they The Gospel by Way of Med1icine W found their wives just as they were ITH eighty per cent of the Malaysian population suffering before, except more loving, kind and gentle, they decided to say nothing from some form of disease, the short-

est route by which to lead them to Assyrians and Chaldeans back to Christianity is by way of the hospital. their own homes. The Peace Con- Ten new hospitals are accordingly ference refused to take this matter provided in the Centenary program up, as all internal affairs were to be fOT this island world, one to be at decided by the individual countries. Singapore, the strategic point where Through the influence of a mission- East meets West, and the other nine ary, the sister of the present religious distributed about the islands which head of the Assyrian people has gone make up Malaysia. to London to try to get help. The . . Wherever the hospitals are lo- Assyrians are looking to England. cated on Dutch territory, the Dutch A British consul has been appointed Government is paying three-fourths to Urumia for the first time. Thouof the cost of building operations, sands of refugees have not yet been prov.iding for equipment, upkeep and able to return to their homes, those the salaTies of one American doctor having done so finding them empty and a nurse. In addition, the native or destroyed. Although $50,000 a tonverts are themselves raising large month is being sent for relief work sums. among these people, many thousands more are needed to take care of the Christian Advocate. Christians who cannot be sent back to their own countries. Village for Lepers The Presbyterian. THE village for lepers at Chieng Mai, Siam, is named for Mary A Missionary in Bonds L. Stoner, a Pennsylvania woman, whose gift made possible the erec- MR. ARCHIBALD FORDER, a tion of ten cottages as a nucleus for missionary to the Arabs in Palthe institution. Soon after this be- estine for many years, and author of ginning had been made a man in "With Arabs in Tent and Town," Chieng Mai provided the money for suffered long captivity under the three more cottages. Then a well- Turks, but has finally been able to known physician in Bangkok gave reach England. Soon after Turkey's another, and a Siamese Christian fol- declaration of war, Mr. Forder, who lowed in the list with a gift of was living in Jerusalem, was imenough money for another cottage. prisoned in a stable, and confined There are fifteen in all. Interest in four months without trial, or even the endeavor has spread widely, and any intimation of the charge against the viceroy has already told Dr. Mc- him. He was then transferred to Kean that he too wishes to erect a Damascus, to be court-martialed. building, and that he will also ask His trial, conducted in Arabic, lasted two friends of his each to put up a two and a half hours, and each time cottage. All the leper people occupy- he answered a question he was ing the houses, about 215, are Chris- bluntly called a liar. At the close of _ tians. the trial he was offered his freedom upon payment of £200. Being un- MOSLEM LANDS able to do this, he was dispatched to the criminal prison and a few days Persia StU! Chaotic later informed that he was to die. For seven months he was in daily WITH the exception of a small expectation of this fate, and no com- area on the eastern front, Per- munication with -the outside world sia is still in chaos. Massacres have was allowed him. At length the begun anew since the armistice was death sentence was revoked and three signed, and there is not a single years in a dungeon substituted, and Christian in Urumia at present. Be- for the next nine months he lived tween six and eight hundred went underground, with 150 others. Mr. from Urumia to Tabriz. So far, no plans have been made to bring the

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Forder's next change was to a cell present eight converts from Islam at with thirty others, where he barely work.

existed until he was able to smuggle Zionist Plans Delayed a note to Jemal Pasha, asking for justice, and in due course a discharge ON THE second anniversary of was obtained. But although he was the day on which the British at liberty, the Turkish police so har- Government declared in favor of the assed him by night and day that he establishment of Palestine as a nafinally begged the officials to take tional home for the Jews, the Zionists him again into prison. At last Da- issued a manifesto stating that the- time has not yet come when they calli mascus· fell into the hands of the begin their work, because of the strain. British, and Mr. Forder's sufferings which the sufferings of war has put ended. His wife had meantime died upon the patience and endurance of from cholera, and little of his heme the Jewish race. Their claims have was left. For some· weeks he as– meanwhile been confirmed by other sisted in relief work and after his governments, and the Zionists hope restoration to health he plans to re- that it will be a matter of <lnly a few turn to Palestine. months before concrete promises can Medical Missions in Egypt be realized.

DR. F. O. LASBREY of the C. M. Scottish Memorial in Jernsaleln S. Medical Mission in Cairo read a paper at the Medical Mission- I N GRATEFUL remembrance of ary Conference held in Cairo some Scotland's sons who gave their months ago, in which he explained lives for the liberation of the Holy the paramount importance of medical Land from the Turk, a memorial in work in Mohammedan lands, par- Jer-usalem is planned. It will be ticularly Egypt, as compared with erected jointly by the Church of other foreign fields. Other regions, Scotland and the United Free Church such as western China, are more in of Scotland and will take the fornl need of medical aid, for the Egyptian of an Institute for Biblical Research government maintains a dispensary and a Presbyterian Church. It will ·in every market town, with one or be called The Scots' Kirk and Col– lege in Jerusalem. more well appointed hospitals in every province. While there exists AFRICA in many parts of Africa a de- Work for Tunisian Jewry I sire for social uplift and an open- N a recent number of the Journal des Missions Evangeliques, pubminded spirit of inquiry; and in China an excessive curiosity to hear lished in Paris, is an account of the the foreign teachers' doctrine, in Society's work for Jews in Tunis.

Egypt the reverse is true. To the This work comprises a Book Depot, Mohammedan, it is unthinkable that a Boys' School and a Girls' School.

anything could be lacking in the re- David Amar, a Hebrew Christian, is ligion of their prophet, or his moral in charge of the Book Depot. Lo- code. Medical help, therefore, opens cated in a busy section of the Jewish doors for evangelistic work which quarter, the book shop arrests at- would otherwise remain closed, and tention with its window display of it is the in-patient and itinerant de- Hebrew and French Bibles. Many partments to which the workers pin Jews frequent the place to ask ques- their faith. – Two or three weeks of tions or start an argument. Mr.

daily contact bring results, and the Omar also journeys to the interior ex-patient are particularly accessible towns, often encountering sharp op- when the itinerating doctor follows position, but not infrequently he is them up. aided in the Scripture distribution Old Cairo Medical Mission has at by the rabbis themselves.

The Boys' School has an attend- the trouble to come from America ance of about one hundred; while the to put it out in Kamerun.

Girls' school numbers one hundred When he commenced to use his in- and twenty. The subjects taught are struments, they wanted to know if he the same as in government schools, was looking at God's town on the but in addition, emphasis is laid upon sun. What did God's town look Bible study. One hundred selected like, what did God look like, whom texts, which have the "three R's" did he see, what good did it do to (Ruin, Repentance, Redemption) for look anyway, could he see the road their theme, are a part of the re- to heaven, was it hot in heaven be- quirements. Meetings for women cause it was hot on the sun?

and a free dispensary are held in connection with the Girls' School. Africans' Need of Organized IndustrT S 'rhus in a variety of ways, the GospelO IMPORTANT in character building does the American Presis 'penetrating the homes of Tunisian Jewry. byterian Mission at Luebo, Belgian Frencb Protestant Mission to Basutos Congo, regard steady and regular work, that a man is refused church "DRING the recent visit to Eng- membership if he does not cultivate land of a group of Basuto chiefs, a garden of his own, following the a meeting was held in London on be- Scripture rule: "If any man provide half of the Societe des Missions not for his own and especially for Evangeliques de Paris in Basutoland. those of his own house, he hath de- The resident Commissioner of Basu- nied the faith and is worse than an toland was present, and gave cordial infidel."

testimony to the influence of the mis- However, the requirements of sion from an administrative point of Christian natives are vastly greater view, and highly commended the edu- than those of the raw heathen, whose cational work. Rev. M. Mabille, one wants do not include houses, clothes, of the missionaries, reported that the books or postage stamps j and the native church has a present member- majority find it a problem to make ship of 40,000, and that the con- ends meet. Since agriculture alone tributions last year amounted to cannot be depended upon to support £7,000. Although the Mission is the rapidly growing population, it French, it has not taught the people seems reasonable that the natives that language, but all the work has should develop along manufacturing been conducted in English; and both lines, and missionary forces are hop- missionaries and natives are thor- ing that some industrial corp0Tation oughly loyal to the British regime. may be formed and operated as a Life o-f Faith. Christian business enterprise, safe- guarding the natives from exploita- Men of Science in Bululand tion by financial pirates.

ON MAY 29, 1919, at Metet, Kamerun District, West Africa, EUROPE there was witnessed a total eclipse of Temperance Edu('ation in England U the sun. It was in the afternoon. NDER the war-time restrictions of the liquor control board the All the boys ran to their houses, locked the doors and went to bed. number of convictions for drunken- Some were sure they would die if out ness fell from 183,828 in 1914 to of doors. An observer for the Car- 29,075 in 1918. As soon as the re- negie Institute came to take notes on strictions were modified the figures the sun's location, and the inclination leaped forward again, e. g., in Eng- of its rays. The natives called him land and Wales there were three "the man who put the sun out," and times as many convictions in Sep- were puzzled to know why he took tember, 1919, a.II in the same month

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of 1918; and in Scotland the in- in London in November and Decemcrease was fivefold. The national ber, under the chairmanship of Mr. drink bill has risen to £400,000,000. J. H. Oldham; one group meeting to The Wesleyan Methodist Church is putting on fresh energy for the task confer on China, another on Africa of preparing Wesleyans to do a large aild a third on India. Attendance share in the work of reform. It is was limited to missionaries on fursending out an appeal "( 1) To teach lough from the respective countries, the principles of total abstinence to and the discussions centered around the children; (2) To work for a the effect of constitutional changes 'total abstinence' Church: enroll upon missionary work, together with every Methodist in the Abstainers' the relation of the Church at home League, and, (3) To help in a great and missions. campaign for a sober Britain." The appeal is being printed as a full page Irish Evangelization Society display advertisement in the Methodist papers. AN OLD and honored society, the Irish Evangelization Society, Christian Advocate. which has worked successfully in Ireland for many years, is about to Christian Power House in Paris take on new life. After prayerful consideration, it has been mutually STRONG support is being given agreed to start a Northern branch of the plan to put the American the Society j while the Dublin com- Church iIi Paris in a position to min- mittee has carried on a part of the ister more effectively to the perma- work of other days in the center and nent and transient population of South of Ireland, the Northern com- Paris in the critical years just ahead. mittee is to concentrate on Ulster. Not only have Americans pledged generous support: French Protestants The Society has taken offices at 61 are so keenly interested in the project Royal Avenue, Belfast. that many are giving out of limited resources. An expenditure of $1,- George Muller Orphanage 000,000 is contemplated for a new church edifice, parish building and THE eightieth report of the George pastor's home, to be strategically lo- Muller Orphan Homes is a tricated only a block from the Champs umphant record. The total receipts Elysees. The plans include also the for the past year are larger than ever erection' of a great social service before. After all needs have been building, costing perhaps $500,000, met, a balance of £6,000 remains. in the Latin Quarter close to the residences of thousands of American There are day-schools, eight enstudents, of whom 4,000 are already tirely supported or assisted by the enrolled at the forbonne, with the Orphanage, in this country as well as probability that several thousand in Italy, Spain and British Guiana; more will soon resort to Paris for thirteen Sunday-schools have been architectural and musical studies. helped; Bibles, Testaments, and This building is to contain living Scripture portions have been sold or quarters which may be occupied by given away, and tracts and books in young women just arriving from various languages have been freely America until they can establish distributed. themselves permanently. During the past year 1,467 little Conferences of lIfissionaries ones have been cared for, educated, and brought under the influence of A SERIES of interesting and help- Gospel teaching. Seventy-one boys ful missionary conferences were and sevel ty-ei~ht girls have been adheld at the Church Missionary House mitted during the year, at ages vary- ing from seven months old and up- wards j and sixty-nine have left, fitted to earn their own living.

An Appeal· for Prayer its educational department and the students of the Commercial School.

THE National Committee of the Its Sunday afternoon meetings are Italian Student Federation issues well attended, where messages of an appeal for sympathy and prayers. vital educational, moral and religious The General Secretary is now trav- worth are presented. It has a Life eling through Italy, with a view to Study Club _of 28 young men, who reestablishing work disturbed by the study from week to week economic war. Intercession is asked especially and sociological problems from the for the instituting of student homes Christian standpoint, and an Inner in Italy; for the success of the bu- Circle group of about 20 men who reau for foreign students in Naples are gradually coming to exert a pow- and Florence, established with a view erft>l influence on the whole spirit of to facilitating for these foreign the Association movement in Mexico students life in a foreign country and City. Membership in this Inner Cir- offering them help, sympathy and cle group in"olves the making of the familiar surroundings; for a greater following public declaration: interest on the part of students in "I accept Jesus Christ as my Lord social activities; for the raising up of and Saviour, according to the Holy a special literature of the movement, Scriptures, and desire to be His almost entirely lacking in Italy; and disciple in my doctrine and in my life for women students, that they may and to unite my efforts with the become associated with the movement other members of the Triangle Club in the right spirit of consecration. for the extension of His Kingdom among young men.

LATIN AMERICA "I hereby pledge that I will abstain· Seminary Opens in Porto Rico from the use of intoxicating liquors THE Evangelical Seminary of of any kind as a beverage. Porto Rico, representing seven "I pledge myself to respect at all denominations, opened its doors at times the innocence and .purity of Rio Piedras last fall, with twentY7 womanhood and to abstain from all four students in attendance. The habits and associations which in any course offered by the new institution way violate these virtues.

includes the essentials of a regular "In order to hold true to the ideals seminary course, with provisions for of the Young Men's Christian Asso- those who can take only a partial ciation I shall seek to understand the course. Friendly relations have been teachings of Christ bv reading and established with the nearby Univer- studying the Bible and by communi- sitv of Porto Rico, and arrangements cating with Him in prayer.

made by which students can secure "Recognizing the fact that Christ the B. A. degree from the university came to minister and not to be min- and the diploma from the Seminary istered unto, I will endeavor to serve in six years. Dr. J. A. McAllister my fellows in His spirit whenever the opportunity presents itself." is head of the institution.

Mexico City AssoCiation Work Mexico Suffers From Volcanic Distur- NOT only has the Y. M. C. A. in Aba11iCC Mexico City assumed a place of SERIES of violent earthquakes leadership in physical education, but and volcanic eruptions began in it has come to be known as the one Mexico on January third and conout-standing organization that is do- tinued for more than a week. The ing constructive work for young men city of Jalapa, half way between along moral and religious lines. It Vera Cruz and Mexico City, reports has a membership at present of over fifty dead and more than 200 in- 1,700, including the young men in jured. At this place, the Presbyter-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ian Church and Mission House were vides that the corps "shall be adentirely destroyed by one of the ministered by a staff of three chapearthquakes. Rev. Charles Petran, lains fairly representing the religious treasurer of the Mission, reports that forces of the country." the contents of both buildings were being saivaged. No resident mis- The bill further provides that chapsionary is at present in J apala. San lains shall be appointed in the pro- Joaquin, a village of 3000 inhabitants portion of one to each 1,200 commisin the Jalapa district, was wiped out sioned officers and enlisted men, deby a fresh earthquake on January 13. fines their rank, pay and allowances from colonel down to first lieutenant, Several towns in the state of and restricts the commissioning of Puebla' were entirely destroyed, but chaplains to those under thirty-five the Methodist Board of Foreign years of age. Missions which has charge of that field has had word that none of their The South Awakening property in Puebla has been damaged. THE campaign which Julius Rosen- Institutional Work in Yucatan wald of the Sears-Roebuck Company, Chicago, is backing has PRESBYTERIAN work was be- already resulted in the erection of gun in Merida, Yucatan, in 1915, 609 new schoolhouses for Negroes in and has grown steadily in spite of the rural South. The Negroes themdisturbed political conditions. A selves raise a portion of the 'amount' definite work for men, students, busi- needed and Mr. Rosenwald donates ness and professional men, was soon the rest. The money is gathered in found to be imperative, but scant community meetings in which nearly funds made only a limited equipment every family of the neighborhood is possible. English classes, enrolling present. Pledges are made in cash, over 100 students helped support labor or material. the work; friends donated furniture and books, and a piano was loaned. Educational authorities of the A physical culture club for boys South manifest, a changed front in was added. One man after another the matter of Negro education, as has expressed his appreCiation of the evidenced in North C:lTolina, where help he has received, spiritually and the Department of Education promorally, and particularly of the poses to provide a good high school higher and more generous outlook in every county for Negro boys and on life he has been taught and the girls; South Carolina has approhigher ideals set before him. Prac- priated $74,000 for a -o!ared agricultically every one remarks: "Unless tural College and Louisiana the funds you have had to live without these for a new state normal school for things, you cannot comprehend what colored youth. These advances promthis place means to. us." Many of ise to have a bearing upon the misthe regular frequenters have formed sionary educational problems of the habit of attending church ser- Africa. ices. Disciples Unite In MIssIon Work NORTH AMERIOA THE rpost significant action taken New ChapJains' Oorps , at the General Convention of the Disciples of Christ, held in Cincin- THE war has brought out the im- nati, Ohio, October 13-20, was the portance of an Army and Navy org:rization of a: United Christian corps of chaplains, with the result Missionary Society which is to abthat a recent bill has been introduced sorb the Home, Foreign, Women's in the Senate and House to provide Benevolent, Church Extension and in the new regular army a permanent Ministerial Relief organizations ;-in corps of chaplains. This bill pro- fact all except the Board of Educa-

tion. It is believed that this unifica- an Ecuadorean girl recently received tion will preclude overlapping of ef- her Master's degree. Many are here fort, and bring more closely together as an indirect result of the war. the 9,000 churches of the denomina- Their fathers have been shut off tion. Dr. Frederick W. Burnham, from business dealings in Europe, president of the Home Missions So- and hence the daughters no longer go ciety, was chosen as head of the to that continent for study. United Society. Because of their ignorance of liv- Buddhism Grows in U. s. ing conditions and legitimate prices, many of these students have formed SINCE the Panama Exposition, false impressions of the United Buddhist aggression in America States; and it is to provide attractive' has been marked. The fact that Christian surroundings for them that there are seventy-four Buddhist the Y. W. C. A. has opened a Fortemples in the United States should eign Women's Students Club on 74th cause more .concern than the indus- Street, under the care of Miss K. B. trial competttton. California has George. twenty-four of these temples, with a membership of 10,240. Every large Council of Organic Union city on the Pacific Coast has its places of heathen worship. But the DELEGATES from Methodist converted Orientals are fervent Episcopal, Protestant Episcopal, Christians, and are not only a chal- Presbyterian, Congregational, Relenge to greater activity on the part formed, Disciples and other Evanof American Christians, but their re- gelical Churches are called to meet in turn to the Orient means a multipli- Witherspoon Hall, Philadelphia, Febcation of Christian influence there. ruary 3-6, to discuss organic union. A year ago, representatives of eight- Mohammedan Challenge in U. s. een denominations met in the same place to consider this question, and MOHAMMEDANS are to be the sentiment for union was so strong found in almost all the big in- that an ad interim committee was dustrial centers of the United States, appointed. This committee has held particularly in Detroit, Mich., Chi- several meetings and will submit a cago, 111., Milwaukee and in Racine, plan of federal union at the council Kenosha and other cities of Wiscon- called for February 3d. sin between Milwaukee and Chicago. No missionary effort of any kind is National Conncll of Women's Societies being made to give them the Gospel. They are in touch with only the THE first meeting of the Episcopal worst side of American life, and National Council of the Church some of them have expressed the Service League was held at the opinion that it was impossible to live Church Missions House, New York a religious life in their environment. City, on Friday, December 12. This Council was called into being by the Club for Foreign Students Woman's Auxiliary at their meeting in Detroit last October. It consists THERE are one hundred and of three members from each of the twenty foreign women students existing natiqnal women's societies of studying in New York City, who are the Church, elected by tehir respecin touch with the Young Women's tive organizations; and of nine mem- Christian Association. South Ameri- bers at large. The aim of the Councim and Mexican women students are cils was outlined as follows: constantly arriving. Eight French students are coming soon. Among "The purpose of the National the sixteen nationalities represented Council of the Church Service are Chileans and Argentinians, while League shall be to federate existing nativnal women's societies of the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Church for mutual understanding and in order to bring rain, and practicing coordination of effort and further to give such publicity to work already all kinds of charms to drive the evil undertaken and to develop such new opportunities for work to be done spirits out of sick people. Since his that it will attract the attention and enlist the sympathy and receive the conversion he has memorized great response of every woman in the Church." numbers of texts, in fact, whole Conference for Colored Women chapters of the New Testament; and THE fourth annual conference for the pivotal texts and chapters of the Colored Women was held at Stillman Institute, Tuskaloosa, Ala., Old Testament, so that he underin September. Work for rural communities was a live topic under dis- stands God's plan of the ages as recussion; classes were conducted in practical nursing, sewing, home vealed in Scripture. As the old man making and Bible study. Seventyfour delegates from fifty-five cannot read h_ has learned most of churches were in attendance, representing seven denominations in eleven these passages at the quarterly constates,and the mutual exchange of experience was a matter for much ference for Bible study when he satisfaction. pesters everybody who can read, to ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC He read the lessons to him over and over Philippines Decide for Prohibition again. spends days soul-hunt- THE Council of State of the Phil- ing, usually after one at a time, with ippine Islands has memorialized the Congress of the United States to great success. permit the Filipino people to decide the question of prohibition for them- Record of Christian Work. selves. Acting Governor Yeater has announced that the question of pro- MISCELLANEOUS hibition will be considered in his message to the special session of the The Y. M. C. A. Abroad legislature; and it is reported that, in the event that the national prohibi- "AS THE agent of the Christian tion amendment is held not to apply to the Philippines, the Philippine Churches," says Dr. Sherwood Legislature will itself enact a prohibi- Eddy, Secretary of the Foreign Detion measure for the islands. partment of the International Y. M. C. A., "the Young Men's Christian National Advocate. Association is called upon to render a definite and unique service in the Filipino Pagan Becomes a Soul Winner present periods of world wide unrest.

N OLD Filipino who cannot read "In Japan it is reaching the leaders A was, before his conversion, known and affords a practical demonstration as the king of the dewatahan, or of united Christianity. In China it worshipers of an old system of has an unprecedented access to idolatry in vogue before the Spani- students, officials and commercial ards came to the Philippines. He classes. officiated. as a kind of priest, sacrificing pigs at night on the mountainside "In India its field includes some 60,000 English speaking students in the colleges, the million English- speaking leaders of the great cities, and nearly 300,000,000 scattered in rural India, which it is beginning to reach through its rural department and agricultural banks. Many among the one million returning Indian sol- diers are asking for the Association . in the villages of India.

"In the Near East it furnishes a common platform and rallying cen- ter for the graduates of the Christian colleges, both Christians and non- Christians. It can make a practical demonstration of Christianity which is absolutely essential for the win- ning of prejudiced Moslem leaders.

The Q4een of Roumania has ear- Missionary Society was suddenly connestly asked the Y. M. C. A. to open fronted with the need for a medical permanent work in her capital. The man in ~ashmir, and Dr. Neve ac- Metropolitan of Athens has asked the cepted the call, going to Srinagar in Association to enter Greece, not to 1881. He was joined by his brother, proselytize but to vitalize. In Russia and other countries where Catho- Dr. Ernest Neve, in 1886. As long lic and Oriental.Churches are found, ago as 1912, it was said that more the Y. M. C. A. has a unique oppor- people came to their hospital for help tunity to win for Christian leadership the masses of young men in than there were inhabitants of all the these great national Churches. valley of the Kashmir. It was not uncommon to find patients from more than a hundred villages in the hospital at one time.

Lutheran Council and German Missions Bishop Camphor of Liberia ARTICLE NO. 438 of the Peace BISHOP Alexander Priestly Cam- Treaty provides that "the proper- . phor, the only active Negro ties of former German Mission So- bishQp of the Methodist Episcopal. cieties shall be continued to be used Church, died December 10, in South for religious purposes, and therefore Orange, New Jersey. He was fiftyhanded over to Boards of Trustees four years old. Bishop Camphor of the same faith as the mission was born of slave parents in Loui5whose properties are involved," thus iana, was educated at New Orleans imposing upon the Lutheran Church University and at Gammon Theologioutside of Germany the duty of tak- cal Seminary, and held pastorates in ing over the support of the various Germantown, Pa., and Orange, N. German Lutheran Missions, wher- J. In 1897 he carried out his ever the former workers are not al- father's dying -request by going to lowed to continue. Africa, and until 1907 served as president of the College of West With this understanding of Article Africa in Monrovia, Liberia. He No. 438 of the Peace Treaty, the was for five years Vice-Consul Gen- National Lutheran Council has ex- eral of the United States to Liberia. pressed as its opinion that the Lutheran Church of America should in C. L. Ogilvie of China so far as possibk be ready and willing- to assume the support and con- REV. CHARLES L. OGILVIE, a trol of former German Lutheran missionary of the Presbyterian Missions in territory now under the Board in Peking since 1911, died of control of the Allied Governments. pneumonia early in January, soon Foreign missions conducted by the after his return to China from his Germans include Lutheran, Re- . furlough in America. formed and Catholic.

OBITUARY NOTES Dr. Hunter Corbett of China Dr. Neve of Kashmir REV. Hunter Corbett, D. D., a former Moderator of the Pres- DR. ARTHUR NEVE, medical byterian Church, and missionary to missionary to Kashmir of the China for fifty-seven years, died at Church Missionary Society, died on Chefoo during the second week of January at the age of 84. Of Dr. September 5, after a brief illness. Corbett's children, four are mission- aries in China, one a missionary in Dr. Neve was born at Brighton, India, while two others represent England, in 1858; Wl!S educated at the Standard Oil Company In China. Edinburgh University, and while a student decided upon missionary service in Africa. But the Church

Aspects of Chinese Life and The author of this

Thought. 12mo. 186 pp. Kwang l~ttle volume has been for twenty Hsueh Pu.blishing House, Shanghai, years a missionary of the Protes- 1919. tant Episcopal Church, and de- scribes life and mission work in the Those going as missionaries to a islands in a delightful way. His work would be improved with foreign land must not only learn chapter titles and an index. the language but must also learn to know the people before they can Light and Shade in Sarawak. By R. B. be effective missionaries. The Pe- Dawson. I'amphlet. Illustrated. 36 pp. 6d. net. S. P. G. London, 1919. king Language School, therefore, Few Americans know much of arranged for a series of lectures during the winter of 1917-18 and a the Dyaks of Borneo. They have number of well known and well been chiefly famous as "head-huntinformed speakers lectured on Chi- ers," but today many in Sarawak are Christians. This little pamphna, the Chinese Religions, Educa- let tells the story of the S. P. G. tion, Conservation, Tibet, the' Ro- mission work which was founded man Catholic Church in China and seventy years ago. The story is other topics. Among the lecturers a conclusive argument for foreign were Hon. Paul S. Reinsch, Dr. missions. Arthur H. Smith, and C. L. Ogilvie. The. information is valuable to any student of things Chinese.

Light in Dark Isles. Compiled by MOWlg Tin. The Story of a Burmese Alexander Don. Pamphlet. 2s 6d. Boy. By Mary C. Purser. 12mo. Presbyterian Church in New Zealand, 112 pp. 2s net. S. P. G. London, Dunedin, New Zealand. 1918. 1919.

The story of Christian work in This story, founded on fact, the New Hebrides is full of won- shows the kind of education rederful evidences of divine power ceived by Burmese village boys, and of human courage. Dr. John at home and in the monastery. G. Paton made the islands famous, The story has atmosphere and the but many others also have con- descriptions of the Christian hertributed ~to their Christian pro- mit, the false prophet and the gress. Mr. Don, the secretary of white missionary are illustrative the New Zealand Society, has giv- of rthe religious forces at work in Burma. en us in this Jubilee Record a yaluable but somewhat scrappy Conscripts of Conscience. By Caroline history of the work, an interesting study of the people and their re- Atwater Mason. 12mo. 156 pp. $1.00 ligion, and fifty-two brief stories net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1919. to illustrate the ,twelve chapters. The story with a purpose has a -New Life in the Oldest Empire. By distinct place in literature and in Charles F. Sweet. 12mo. 185 pp. religious life. Too often the pur- $1.25. The Macmillan Company, pose is good but the literary quali- New York, 1919. ty is lacking. Mrs. Mason com- bines literary ability with inspira- Japanese believe that their land tional. idealism and her former and the goddess of the Sun were stories have won for her a place in both born from the same parents, literary and in mission circles. The the two self-generating crea'tive present narrative illustrates how deities. Therefore their Empire the spirit of heroic sacrifice develis considered the oldest in exist- oped in the late waF may be ence and the country and the Em- -turned into the channel of medical peror are inseparable. mlSSlOn service.

157

of Medical

Selected by Belle M. Brolin ETERNITY LONGER THAN TIME • In 1896 Dotor Ida Kahn and Doctory Mary Stone, two young Chinese girls were graduated from the University of Michigan and soon after began their work for their sisters in China, pointing them to the Great Physician who is able to make them every whit whole.

"I am glad you are going back as a doctor," said a lawyer in America to Doctor Ida shortly before they left. "Doctors are more needed than missionaries."

" No, sir," she replied, "I do not think so. Eternity is longer than time!'

Though zealous in their profession, these Chinese Christian doctors feel that the soul is even more important than the body, and the great purpose of their faithful ministTation to the sick and weary bodies of their sisters in China is to lead the sin-sick soul to the Great Physician.

THE CROSS IN THE SNOW· • In the report for 1912 of Doctor Martha Sheldon, who spent twenty heroic years at Bhot on the Tibetan border, we find the following: "Again medical work has opened the way for me to spend two weeks in Tibet. I was called to Lake Manasarowar to operate for cataract upon women living near the monastery, and performed the operations in the stone house built for pilgrims and traders outside. Just before reaching the Lakes we saw the symmetrical Kailas Pahor Mountain. The snows had so melted as to cut a huge, black cross upon its white surface. The effect was wonderful.

"It seemed as if the Christ had gone before us, as indeed He has. I am reminded.that fair, wooded Nepal and bleak, wind-swept Tibet lie almost wholly unevangelized. Right here in Rhot, which with Tibet is the tramping place and trading place of nations, there are indeed souls to conquer for Christ's Kingdom.

"As we walked slowly over the mountains up and down, I –,—– unit:t1;;~tdf ~~oMi~5~~~~'s ~~~ ~alJ~o~J, 1d~~. Taylor Headland. The Central Committee on the •• From "A Crusade of Compassion." Com~lied' by 'Belle T. Allen, M. D. Edited by Carolina Atwater Mason. The Central Committee of the Untted Study of Foreign Missions, West Medford. Mass.

158

STORIES OF MEDICAL MISSIONARIES

pondered whether I was living out of touch with the world in thus traveling so slowly in these days of lightning speed. I decided it all depended upon one's life work. Mine is to reach and to win the Bhotiyas, and those allied to them, to Christ. They travel with their great flocks of loaded sheep slowly. I, in traveling thus, come more in touch with them. So I content myself with a very humble work, in a very humble corner, in a very humble way."

WHY DOCTOR SHEPARD OAME· In 1882, when Doctor Fred Douglas Shepard and his wife who was also a physician, arrived at Aintab, Turkey, they found multitudes of sick persons awaiting their help, suffering from all manner of diseases.

At first the Mohammedans said Doctor Shepard had come to Turkey because he could earn more money there than in Ameriaa; that he must be very rich, too, since he owned a fine horse and lived in a large house.

A Mohammedan priest, however, argued that, had the doctor remained in America, he would have earned ten times the amount of his salary as a missionary. He explained the doctor's hard work in Turkey on the theory that he was seeking to save his own soul; that he had made a vow, or had committed some sin for which he sought to make atonement by leaving his native land.

A patient who had just been treated by the doctor then spoke up and told the priest that he and the others were mistaken; that an inmate of the hospital that had been there two months had explained it all in these words: "These Americans and their Armenian helpers have a strange way of talking about Hazret'i Eesa (Jesus of Nazareth). He seems to be their master and they act as if he cared for us."

The patient also said that while his wife was at the hospital, he went there every day and found out something for himself about Hazreti Eesa. He had been given a copy of a Gospel which explained Doctor Shepard's motive. In conclusion he gave his audien~ this advice: "If you want to know the real reason why Doctor Shepard and these other Americans come to Turkey, you must read that book."

In 1907, at a great gathering held in honor of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the coming of Doctor and Mrs. Shepard to Aintab, the doctor himself told why he had come.

"If one who did not know me had listened to what has been said about me during the last two hours, he would think that Doctor Shepard must be some great man; but you and I know that it is not so. A farmer's son, I grew up an orphan. I finished school • Condensed and adapted from "Ministers of Mercy," by Jame. H. Franklin. Missionary :EducauOll Movement, 1919;

with great difficulty. I have not marked intellectual ability. Yet this great gathering on a busy week-day afternoon must have a reason. I know that this reason is not myself. It is one greater than I am-God and His love. For one who knows how God loves men and how Jesus has saved us, not to tell others about His love is impossible. Because I have understood a little about this love, I try to let others know about it. This is the purpose of my life. I did not come to this country to make money or to win a .reputation. I came to bear witness to this, that God is love. And if, by my work or life, I have been able to show this to you, I have had my reward, and for it I thank God."

Medical Missions in China-A Contrast ONE HUNDIU;D YEARS Aco TODAY Less than one hundred years Turn from that picture to see ago, China, with one-fourth of the improvement today. all the people in the, world, was 1. Medical missionaries and 1. Without a physician, for- trained nurses from America and eign or native, who had ever seen a medical co11ege, or had medical Europe, native physicians and training of any description. nurses; educated in America, 2. Without a surgical instru- Europe and China, healing the ment of any description other bodies of men and women, have than needles. gone to every section of China, and show forth the benevolent 3. 'Without an anaesthetic of any description. side of our Christian religion. 2. Surgical instruments and 4. 'Without one dispensary or hospital. apparatus are available. .3. Anaesthetics, serums and S. Without one trained nurse. modern medicine are available. 6. Without a medical school or 4. Modern hospitals and disclass of any grade. pensaries are in many sections. 7. Vithout any knowledge of S. Many Chinese have been scientific or research work. trained as physicians, surgeons 8. Vithout any knowledge of and nurses. quarantine, or how to prevent the spread of contagious diseases. 6. Medical teaching is conduct~ ed in well equipped colleges. 9. 'Without any true knowledge or anatomy, physiology, hygieut.., 7. Scientific and research work surgery or sanitation. is being done in every important 10. Without a Red Cross of center. any nationality. 8. Quarantine is being enforced to prevent the spread of con- tagious diseases.

9. Some of the latest modern text books are available for Chin- ese study.

10. A well organized national Red Cross has been established. A GREAT BOOK ON Dispensational Truth or God's Plan and Purpose in the Ages THIS BOOK CONTAINS 41 SPLENDID PROPHETICAL CHARTS, EACH 9×20 INCHES, AND 22 CHAPTERS OF DESCRIPTIVE MATTER, AND IS SAID BY LEADING PROPHETICAL SCHOLARS TO BE THE GREATEST BOOK ON "DIS- PENSATIONAL TRUTH" TN THE WORLD."

TIle book is sane, not a "time-setter," contains no speculative matter, is based on the "Futurist School" of interpretation, is timely, will be of permanent value and a standard authority on Dispensational Truth, and is of incalculable value to all who are in any way interested in Prophetic Truth. Its charts are unique, simr:le, clear, uniform in size and style and present every phase of Dispensational Truth, without a knowledge of which no Bible stUdent can "Rightly Divide the Word of Truth."

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The Book of Revelation THIS BOOK IS THE RESULT OF TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF STUDY OF THE BOOK OF REVELATION. THE BOOK IS INTERPRETED FROM THE FUTURIST STANDPOINT. THE WRITER'S PURPOSE IS TO SHOW THAT THE BOOK IS TO BE TAKEN LITERALLY, AND THAT IT IS WRITTEN IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER. THE TExT OF .THE OLD VERSION IS USED, AND IS PRINTED AT THE TOP OF EACH SUBJECT. THE TEXT AND DESCRIPTIVE MATTER IS EMPHASIZED BY THE USE OF CAPITALS AND BLACK TYPE.

The book is illustrated with over 30 charts, maps and diagrams. There are also numerous cuts of the symbols, beasts, etc., spoken of in the Book of Revelations distributed through the book. These help to elucidate the text and add to the value of the book and save much explanatory matter.

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The Second Coming of Christ THIS IS A "BOOKLET" OF 46 PAGES, SIZE 61 x9", AND IS ILLUSTRATED WITH EIGHT FINE CHARTS, 47!;"x8", AND IS BOUND IN AN ORNAMENTED BROWN PAPER COVER.

Price, Postpaid, Sinl1.1e Copy, 25 Cents. 5 Copies for $1.00 PUBLISHED AND FOR SALE BY THE AUTHOR CLARENCE LARKIN Pastor Bethany Baptist Church FOX CHASE, PHILA•• PA.

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On the platform were seated as many as attended the first Student Volunteer Convention in Cleveland in 1891. Above the platform hung the Watchword of the Movement. "The Evangelization of the World in This Generation." At the back was the map showing the mission fields into which over 8000 Student Volunteers have £,one in the past 33 years "Here I Am Again!"

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The American Christian Literature lNo Other Typewriter Can Do This Society for Moslems No matter who (Incorporated In 1915 you are, what you are. or where you This Society is Interdenominational. are,theMultiplex Committees of Missionaries Cooperate on Hammond is the the Fields. m~u~acA~t The Literature is Adapted to Moslems. The Messages are Thoroughly Evangelical. the coupon for The Tracts are Printed Attractively. free folder. They go where no Missionaries are allowed. They can be read in secret and repeatedly. Also a PORTABLE Model Many Moslems have been converted Full capacity. Weight about 11 pounds. through tracts. Ask lor special folder. Ma.iled free. Will you help give Moslems theCo.pel? Inquire about specl.1 terrns Write for information IS to memberl!blp, need8, sam.. to profe.slonals pte 1raOtI. mee1.1D1'B of &USlJlarlet. ee.• ., ____________ .Free Folder____________ _ MRS. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Seeretarr THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. Box 888, New York City 577 Eas. 69th St., New York City. Ploase send free Folder to: Name._______________________ Adclrees,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ ~upa~on__________________ MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

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THERE ARE OVER 200,000,000 MOSLEMS One-eighth of the World's Population.

The Moslel11 World is Disintegrating – The Christian World is Expanding Do You Know the Fa'!ts? You can Read Them in "THE MOSLEM WORLD"

Edited by Rev. Samuel M. Zwerner, LL. D., F. R. G. S.t Cairo, Egypt YOU NEED THIS MAGAZINE BECAUSE CONTENTS FOR JANUARY I. The crisis in Mohammedan lands today I Corinthians, Chapter Thirtten. presents unique problems and opportunities. ~n~:!a~ ~1:Ct~'fed and In th~U~ ~·.p~evi~g~ 2. THE MOSLEM WORLD is the only magazine that deals with the problems from and the Rosary. Samuel M. Zwemer, D. D. a Christian standpoint. Moslem Literature in Swahili. A. Werner The Mohammedans in the United States. 3. THE MOSLEM WORLD provides the forum needed for research and for united In Constantinople During the War. M. M. Aljlan action. Elizabetb Dodge Huntlngton 40 This quarterly supplies a Christian review of The Need for Arabic Christian Liter.tore. current events,literature and thought among Arthur T. Upson Moslems. The Growth 01 the Mohammed Legend. Josef Horovitz The Abmadiya Movement. W. R W. Gardner The Raymond Lull Home in Tangier, Morocco.

H. E.. Jonea Village Evangelization in Oman. G. D. VanPeursem Unoccupied Central Asia (The Law of the Strong.) . Reprint from "The Times" ¥h,:;", M~~!','.!:,~a%ty·M.?~':!.ant~d~""h~llgD.t~e Eightlenth Century. Bishop J. Ta.ylor Hamilton Book Reviews Current Topics PE INFO~ED AS TO THESE FACTS.-SEND TODAY FOR THE LATEST NUMBER.

THE MOSLEM WORLD, 156 Fifth Ave., New York $1,25 a Year 35c a Copy PI……e ·mentlon TH:a MISSIONARY REVIEW 01' THill WORLD In wrltlnr to advertise" Let Them Starve and Die!-IF -you care nothing for the teachings of the Christ who was born only a few miles from the land where these 250,000 orphans are facing death from starvation-Armenia.

-you think you can enjoy for yourself the few dollars that may be the price of a baby's life.

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-you can sleep in comfort in your warm bed whlle thousands of children wrap thin tattered rags about their shrivelled bodies when they seek a little rest in the roadside caves.

But You DO Care- You WILL NOT Let Them Starve The offering for the aid of these 250,000 homeless victims of Moham- medan persecution Will be taken in the Schools of your church as early in the new year as possible. See that your church is not silent when America re- sponds to the appeal of the children of Bible Lands.

NEAR EAST RELIEF (Formerly the American Committee:for Armenian and Syrian Relief) CLEVELAND H. DODGE, Treasurer 1 Madison Avenue New York City This advertisement is privately paid for by a friend of the Armenian people. Please mention TBII MI8&lo"…." Rllvl:JIW O. '1'BI WORLD ill writing to adTertl.era

– – ~ • •~ ~ • • ~~ .'" .. .. •4::-1

~ Is the Near East at Ute Zero Bour?

Mustapha Kemal Bey sets up a government in opposition to the Sultan's at Constantinople! Halideh Hanum, beautiful and remarkable woman leader of Turkey, calls on the people to burn Constantinople before it shall become the creature of Europe's old-time diplomacy! Enver Pasha, friend and chief agent of the Germans, suddenly reported out of hiding, as King of the Wild Kurds! The native nationalist parties of Egypt, Arabia, Turkey, threatening unionand appeal to religious fanaticism I And Bolshevism beckoningalluringly!

Asia The American MAG A Z I NEon the Orient sec~~;tfn~~f~:s~ri~t~fheN~r ~v:t:nf=~~Yvi~t:~~faE~r~~~~pfl~ on one hand and of the unspeakable corruption of the Turkish ruling class on the other. The old lands of the origin of man are in the melting pot–a boiling cauldron of suspicion and race jealousy. America can give them the necessary lift. You cah decide. From no other source could you get so well rounded-and absorbingly entertaining-a picture of Con tents of theH:rtt!~IA~:!~ t;i°b~~:SS:rl~:~tth:~~~i~:~~~JS!U:rk. Ings of Turks he has known. Philip Marshall Brown, memo ber of the Peace Commission, tells of the Sultan. Talcott ASIA lor JANUARY, 1920 WnIiams, born in Turkey, one of America's leading journal. ists, and Paul Monroe. educationalist, who knows bow America. acted in the PhilipPines, tells of our fitness as a Men and Thing, .. the Turk See. Them mandate power. This special Near Eastern section is a magazine In itself. H.,~erl A'."" Ciu,,", Itisonfya part of ASIA for January which has in its other The UtO Hour in the Near Eut • • JdC~1On Flcm{nt s*gel a story h,Y an American. engineer of little-known Af· ghinistan now 1D the world's c:-aldum Iigbt at war with Great America The Sultan Looks Weatward – PAilip MOT"'." BT""'" :~'~w1~~wtb~~lJ,!b!~~~=t~[l~~l~!:e:An~~~ A MaMate-Does Qualify~ stimulate the Imaa1nation.

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The Missionary Review of the World — January 1920

XLIII

THE MISSIONARY EVIEW~ JANUARY, 1920 SOME SIGNS OF THE TIMES PLANNING FOR A BETTER ENGLAND OUTLOOK FOR THE Y. M. C. A THE CHINESE IN AMERICA RELIGION IN SOVIET RUSSIA POLITICS AND MISSIONS IN MEXICO THE CHALLENGE OF THE WORLD'S NEED HOWARD AGNEW JOHNSTON THE MISSIONARY OUTLOOK IN ASIA MINOR JAMES L. BARTON THE PURITY MOVEMENT IN CAIRO ARTHUR T. UPSON THE REDEMPTION OF ALASKA S. HALL YOUNG THE GARDEN REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AMERICA WILLIAM H. RAINEY $2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COpy MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK AND 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK CITY

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DELA VAN L. PIERSON. Editor.

CONTENTS FOR JANUARY, 1920 FRONTISPIECE-MAKING THE BEST OF POOR EQUIPMENT.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES . • . . . . • • • • . . . . . . . .

PLANNING FOR A BETTER ENGI,AND RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT IN SOVIET RUSSIA CHRISTIANIZING CHINESE IN AMERICA THE CHANGING MOHAMMEDAN WORLD POLITICS AND M,SSIONS IN MEXICO EVIDENCES OF INDIA'S PROGRESS NEW OUTLOOK FOR THE Y. M. C. A. OPPOSITION TO CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA PoSSIIDLITIES IN SIAM EDITORIAL COMMENT . . . . . . • 11 THI~ WORLD'S NEED FOR LEADERSHIP RELIGIOUS WORK FOR THE ARMY AND NAVY THE COST OF THE WAR THE CHALLENGE OF THE WORLD'S NEED By REV. HOWARD AGNEW JOHNSTON, D. D. 15 A view of the appalling need of men in all parts of the world for the things that only Christ can give.

THE MISSIONARY OUTLOOK IN ASIA MINOR By REv. JAMES L. BARTON, D. D. 21 A report of conditions and prospects as seen by the chairman of the Near East Relief Committee, who has recently returned from Turkey.

THE KNOWLEDGE OF GOD. . . . By REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D. 28 A missionary Bible study, showing the sources of belief in God through Christianity.

THE PURITY MOVEMENT IN CAIRO. . • . • By ARTHUR T. UPSON 29 A description of the fight against sin in the metropolis of Egypt during th" .war and after.

1'HE PRINCIPLES OF WAR APPLIED TO MISSIONS By G. S. EDDY, LL. D. 34 THE REDEMPTION OF ALASKA. . . • By Rm. S. HALL YOUNG, D. D. 35 THE BELGIAN GOSPEL MISSION. . . By MRS. RALPH C. NORTON 43 THE GARDEN REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AMERICA By WILLIAM H. RAINEY 47 A NON-DENOMINATIONAL COMMUNITY CHURCH . . . . • • . 53 BEST METHODS FOR THE NEW YEAR . Edited by MRs. E. C. CRONK 54 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN Edited by FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 61 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS . 65 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY .. . . 80 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published Monthly. Cop.yrighted, 1919, by Missionary Re,ojew Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

PUBLICATION OFFICE:. EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE:. COOPERSTOWN. N. Y. JS6 FIFTH AVE•• NEW YORK CITY.

RoBItRT E. SPI!ltR, Prtsident DltI.AVAN L. P~ON, Secretary FRANK L. BROWN, Vice-President W Ar.ntR McDOUGALL, Treasurer Our National Service-International Obligations As in the Christmas rronth the Presbyterian Church is stressing through its Board of Foreign Missions its great responsi1::ility to the lands overseas, so in January throl'gh its Board of Home Missions it will center its attention on its solemn 0 bligations for NATIONAL SERVICE.

"That man's the best cosmopolite who loves his native country best." God's love and grace know no native country; they are not delimited by racial boundries. But-and let's think deeply of this-the more profoundly impressed Christians become with the need and power of Christ's Gospel in their own lives, home and country, the more certainly they will recognize their inescapable obligatio'll to carry this Gospel to all other lands.

America's Hour Has Struck She needs, the world needs, IMPERATIVELY, adequate leadership to deliver mankind from a turmoil of trial, sucb as it has seldom known and to guide it into plains of noble aspirations and dynamic deeds, failure to attain which in the past caused the crisis. There is only One hope of such leadership. It's the overpowering· truth of the Christian religion.

Here is the supreme NEED of the world and the supreme OPPORTUNITY of the church. And not alone opportunity, but responsibility as well, solemn and insistent.

Are we A mericans enough to catch the force of this striking hour? Are we Christians enough to hurl all that we have and all that we are into the response? General Assembly calls on all Presbyterians to study their INTERNATIONAL OBLIGA- TIONS in December and in January their NATIONAL TASKS.

Study to know-know to do.

THE NEW ERA MOVEMENT OF :THE PRES- BYTERIAN CHURCH, U. S. A .. 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY.

PI….. mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writIng to advertls6r11 EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS CHAT DON'T MISS BY WAY OF INTRODUCTION Caroline Atwater Mason's I T IS always enCl:!uraging to receive letters from our subscribers telling LATEST STORY us how they have been helped by THE REVIEW and how it has been an Conscripts of inspiration to them. Those letters do a great deal to bind readers and Conscience publishers closer together and strengthen the feeling that we are all A STORY PLEA FOR one, working, and planning, and WORLD MISSIONS praying for the same great cause. We are glad to have your letters and Mrs. Mason's previous works hope that even more wili be sent. have created for her an enviable reputation for pungont, witty, There is another way you can ex- humorous, pathetic writirg. Her press your appreciation of THE: RE- latest is a fascinatirg tal~ of to- nF.W Telf your friel1ds about it. day that will hold you as has no You know how it has helped you and other story in a long time. a few words from you will do ml1ch more than many from us, because it It is a plea in story form for hI; been personally recommended by volunteers for Medical Mission a friend or fellow-worker. THE RE work in the Orient by a writer 'I£W ret:ds you as its friend and co- of recognized literary gifts. It vorker if its influence and usefulness has to do with the heroic and is to spread as widely as it should- sacrificial, much like that which and could with your cooperation. has been in continual evidence Every new subscriber represents to during the World War. us deeper interest, larger gifts, more earnest prayers, and greater service. It's a parallel field of oppor- Will you help us in our effort to tunity here presented and a reach more people with its monthly theme which has every promise message? Who is the fi rst person to of equal stimulus to times of whom you are going to introduce peace. Here is a book that you THF: RevIEw? wouldn't miss for a great deal, if you knew its contents. Join those who have formed "In- troduction Committees of one" to se- GET IT TODA Y! cure their friends' subscriptions for THE ReVIew because of its value to AUTHOR OF them in theiT work and personally. vVhen you send us your renewal send THE LITTLE GREEN GOD, etc. us the subscription of someone who does not receive "The Indispensable Only $1.00 net Missionary Magazine." If your re- newal is not due yet, don't wait; but send that friend's subscription im- mediately. We are counting on you Will you join the Introduction Com- mittee?

TOOKER MEMORIAL HOME At aU Booksellers or of th~ Publishers Tn the November ReVIew, page 895, is a statement in regard to the FLEMING H. REVELL co. Tooker Memorial for Chinese Chil- chen, which has caused much concern New Yor., 158 Fifth Ave. Chicago, 17 N. Wabash Ave. to .Yliss Cameron, the head of the Continued on page VI Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisQr! Desire Duty So often they are opposed. Perhaps they seem irreconcilable- You want to help the splendid BUT You have your wife–perhaps work of Missions; you want a dependent relative–to proyour money to serve humanity vide for. If you devote your by advancing the Kingdom of money to the. Church, who God- will fulfill this obligation?

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For complete details of the plan address: George M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Fifth Avenu ( New York city. or W. ]. Elliott. Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 1701 Arch Street. Philadelphia. Pa.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers CHAT Continued from page IV Ul appeal for a study oj Home, The little building now oc- the Bible. No other cupied in Oakland, California, cost- Book oj any kind eVer ing seven or eight thousand dollars, written haa 80 affeded was purchased largely with funds furnished by Miss Mary Tooker and the whole l i f e 01 a her sister, whose generous gift made the home possible. The new Home, people~11 which is very much needed, will cost $150,000, and all of this money is Theodore Roosevelt. yet to be raised.

M EN whose lives were shaped 8 Bible STUDENT VOLUNTEER CON- by the Bible laid the founda· Study VENTION tions of American freedom. Courses Thia marvelous Book ha~ moulded The Student Volunteer Convention earth's loftiest characters. It meets which meets in Des Moines, Iowa, the deepest need and every need of December 31-January 4, God willevery man and woman, It charts ing, expects to have a record attendthe only path to rea1 and lasting success. ance of delegates from the principal educational institutions in the United NGI/ilng ;. m…. neetkd in Am·eritJa toooy tlwn Bibl, Study, and States and Canada. Over 6,000 trw the great lIl&Jority the most satisfactory method is by members of faculty and student CGmsiK>ndaaoe, The bodies have expressed their intention to attend. The moming and even- Moody Bible Institute's ing sessions will be in the Coliseum, and the afternoons will be devoted to Correspondence Department section meetings which will discuss =w ' " JIMIOIIi! under instruction the past year in one or more various phases of mission work, the .. jUCar.ieIpoJuieDce Cour~8. More than 40 oocupations and different countries, and denomina- .any ages and nationalities were represented. There tional enterprises, Dr. John R. Mott will be chairman, and among the . . t Courses from which to choose. speakers expected are Dr. Robert E, Speer, Miss Una Saunders of To- , Bible students are in great demand for Christian MTioe at home and abroad. Whether in the home, ohurch ronto, Dr. J. H, Franklin of Boston, Rev. J. H, Oldham of Great Britain, lWIwolor the business world this tmining is of inestimable value: Mr. Sam Higginbottom of India. Dr. Enroll N.ow! ~~. ~~ce~nd ~;:~~~1 of~f~ld; Samuel M, Zwemer of Cairo and Mr. under your own control. Send at once for Free Prospectus Sherwood Eddy.

desoribing our eight Courses in detail THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE Dept. 5781 153 Institute Place, Chicago MAKING MISSIONS REAL Interpretations and Map-Talks for Teen Age Groups By JAYS. STOWELL INCREASING THE PRICE AND OTHERS You would not be surprised if the price· of the REVIEW were in- "We believe it will meet a real creased to $3.00 on January 1st. need in the missionary education of Would you object? The cost of onr young people,"-R, D, Webb, labor, of rent, of manufacture have General Secretary, South Carolina increased from 20% to 100% in the Sunday School Association, past four years. It would be fair to increase the subscription price Net, 75 cents postpaid 20%. The directors of the REVIEW have decided, howev,er, not to in- THE ABINGDON PRESS crease the price at present because we wish to help our subscribers NEW YORK (Founded 1789) CINCINNATI keep down the high cost of living. In return you can help us by getting new subscribers at the old rate of $2.50 a year. (Foreign subscriptions are $3.00 or 12 shillings, including postage,) Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD In writing to advertisers

THE BEST OF POOR

Inside the Old Dispensary of the American Mis-sion in Koweit, Arabia

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL JANUARY, 1920 XLIII PLANNING FOR A BETTER ENGLAND W HAT NATIONS have learned the lesson that God would have them learn from the war1 In America national prohi- . bition of intoxicating drink has been established, money is – given more freely, but there is still the same extravagance, unrest and selfishness. ]'rance has suffered and at first turned her thoughts Godward, but now is again becoming thoughtless in religious mattel's; Russia has overthrown the Czar's autocracy but knows nothing of law and freedom; Italy and the Balkan States are turbulent and self-seeking; Turkey is dismembered but unrepentant, and is uninstructed in righteousness; Germany and Austria are defeated but are hoping some day to retaliate. England, with problems almost too great for her to grapple with, is torn by factions and disputes. Will Great Britain learn her lesson ~ Recently the Council of Christian congregations representing one hundred and twenty churches of Manchester drew up a manif,esto urging the establishment of a better England, socially, industrially and religiously. The objectives sought include (1) an adequate wage, so that families may be brought up in health and vigor; (2) l'easonable leisure for every man, for the development of life and the use of things God has given all men richly to enJoy; (3) dwellings and surroundings which shall make for virtue and happiness; (4) a liooral education, based on a religious foundation, within the reach of all.

As disciples of Christ these congregations are committed to the following principles: (1) that every soul is of infinite and equal value, because all are children of one Fa,ther; (2) that while the production of wealth in the interests of the community is a Christian duty, the pursuit of personal gain as a main ·end of life is not only un- Christian but anti-Christian; (3) that as Christians are members one of another, therefore they have mutual obligations of service; 1

(4) that society has the duty towards its members of seeing that all have the opportunity to live a good life; (5) that there is a grave responsibility resting upon every man to labor with all his strength for the common good, constrained and inspired by the great love wherewith Christ hath loved us.

The. spirit of distrust and suspicion will be removed as Christ's teachings are followed, and to this He is calling all people everywhere. It is not enough, however, to see the ideal. There must also be the power to attain that ideal.

CHRISTIANIZING CHINESE IN AMERIOA A T our own doors in the Metropolis of America and in the Metropolis of California there have been for years Chinese quarters where temples, or ' ,Joss Houses," theaters, opium dens and other Oriental institutions that have been looked upon by Americans chiefly as curiosities. Christian work has been carried on in these quarters in a small way but no adequate organized p-ffort has been made to Christianize them. The earthquake in San Francisco destroyed Chinatown but it has been rebuilt and is again a heathen show place for sightseers. New York's Chinatown has been affected by a different kind of earthquake. It has now a Christian Chinese Mayor, Lee Tow, and has been transformed if not wholly regenerated. Not all the people have become Christians but the Joss House has been closed and the public idols destroyed or dethroned.

Some years ago when this picturesque but vice-ridden quarter was the haunt of the "white slave trader" and the opium and gambling joints flourished, Lee Tow came to Chinatown and began. to seek out those Chinese who wore Christians. Gradually he gathered a following, although it was slow work, and recently the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association elected him as President, the first Christian who ever held the office in Chinatown. The former "Joss House" is now the headquarters of the Benevolent A ,sociatum and the old bell with which worshippers -ere wont to drive away evil spirits and the gilded carving on which they tried their "luck" before embarking on any enterprise, are only relics of the past superstition.

Another encouraging sign of the fruit of Christian influence on. Orientals, in America is the work among Chinese students at Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. For more than five years members of the Chinese Students Club of the University have met regularly each Sunday afternoon to study and discus.s the Christian religion and other vital topics with the General Secretary of the Y. M. C. A., J. Mark Frey, as their leader, these men are endeavoring to absorb the best that the western world has to give so

SIGNS OF THE TIMES J

as to qualify themselves for positions of responsibility upon their return to China. Such topics as the following are discussed in the class: "How did we get the Bible ~ ", "Christian Internationalism," .. The Difference between a Moral man and a Christian man," "The Christian Ideal of Service," " Unity of Protestant Churches," .. Christianity and the War," and "Prohibition." As one result, .mch year one or more of these young men havu become Christians, Church members and effective missionaries among their fellows. One of them who recently entered the University as a pagan became in his senior year Chairman of the Missionary Committee and upon his return to China, has continued his Christian work.

A NEW OUTLOOK B'OR THE Y. M. C. A.

A LITTLE over fifty years ago, in 1868, the American Young Men's Christian Association held its llat lonal convention in Detroit. There were then 257 associations in the United States and Canada, with a membership of about 50,000; and property and funds amounting to some $700,000. There were only about twenty emploY(ld officers giving all their time to the work. At that Convention the first General Secretary of the Association was elected. The program of work included only general religious activities, and was confined to the United States, Canada and the British Isles.

On November 19, 1919, the' International Association met in Detroit again to hold its fortieth Convention. 'l'here are now 2,077 associations in the United States and Canada, with a membership of over 750,000 and property valued at $107.870,000. The number of employed offioers and staff, giving all their time to Association work is 5,076. These men conduct not only general religious and. social work, but physical training, educational classes, Bible schools, and various vocational and cultural classes. There are 129,000 men enrolled in Bible classes alone. The work has spread over all the world. The International Committee has 164 special secretaries on the home field, and 196 abroad. At this Convention, there were present some 4,500 delegates from Canada, from the various states of the Union, and from many foreign lands.

The outstanding f(lature of the Convention was its emphasis on the evangelical Christian basis and purpose of the work. It was frankly acknowledged that in many cases the physical, social and intellectual activities have obscured the r(lligious; and that in some cases there has been a tendency to make the Association a substitute for the Church. The repOl:ts of Committees and the speakers at the Convention stood firmly for a return to the higber ideals and standards of the Association.

FIRST: The supremacy of the religious purpose of the enter-

prise was proclaimed, with itf' dependence on spiritual forces and the need for deeper prayer life among employed officers and members.

SECOND: The maintenance of the evangelical basis was agreed upon. All officers and active members must be full members of evangelical churches-those accepting Christ as the Son of God and only Saviour of men. Dr. John Timothy Stone gave a power" ful opening address on the text: "I am not aRhamed of the Gospel of Christ, for it iR the power of God unto salvation." The Convention voted in favor of giving special aUention. to the selection and training of secretaries, with emphasis on thorough training in the religious aims of the Association, the meaning of the Christian doctrines, and in religious activities.

THIRD: The evangelistic aim of the Association was brought forward. On the la.st evelling of the Convention fifty evangelistic meetings were held in various churches of Detroit, under the general direction of Dr. Sherwood Eddy. At these meetings evangelistic messages were given, and men were invited to make a definite decision for Christ.

FOURTH: In connection with Dr. W. Douglas Mackenzie's careful report on "The Relation of the Y. M. C. A. to the Church- .es," some failures of the past rwere mentioned, and several constructive recommendations were proposed. The local associations were instructed to work in closest harmony with evangelical churches, cooperating with them in all forms of Christian activity and avoiding any spirit of rivalry. The Convention authorized the appointment of a Commission to enter into negotiations with the various evangelical denominations with a view to a careful study of the relation between thE' churches and the Association, and to outline a program of work for the coming year.

The Young Men's Christian Association has been a mighty force for good in the life of young men, not only in America but all over the world. It has, through its buildings and secretaries, made homes for many who were strangers in cities and torwns. It has brought the claims of Christ to uncounted multitudes; has conducted hundredR of thousands of Bible classes; has given many educational opportunities to thoRe who would otherwise have been deprived of them; has assisted many thousands of young men to select careers of Christian service; has developed a boys' department. which has touched the lives of many boys in their teens.

With a new emphasis on the religious and the spiritual, and with the exercise of greater care. in the selection of secretaries, we look for a period of fltill larger usefulness for this great organization. The Young Men's Christian Association will succeed in proportion as its leaders sYf'tematically put "first things first."

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

POLITICS AND MISSIONS TN MEXICO POLITICAL complications between the United States and Mex- ico are hindering the return to normal conditiowl. This is true religiously as well as politically. There are, however, signs of real missionary progress in the rpdistribution of territory among evangelical missions and the reestablishment of evangelistic and educational work, which has been interrupted by the years of revolution and unrest.

The Mexican Secretary of State now proposes to rescind the stringent anti-religious educational provisions of the new Constitution. The present law provideR for freedom of teaching, except that it must be non-sectarian, not ollly in schools and colleges under Government control but in private institutions. No religious association or minister may conduct or teach ill primary schools. This provision prevents Protestant as ~well as Roman Catholic religious teaching in schools. The new article reads: "There shan be full freedom of teaching, but it must be non-sectarian in [he official educational institutions, and prima"." and secondary education given in the same centers must he gratuitous. Priv2te educational institutions must be subject to official programs and supervision."

This permits priva.te schools, both Protestant and Roman Catholic, to trach religion; and will open the way for increased activity by both Romanists and by evangelical mission workers.

'rhe fcar felt by Roman Catholics hecause of growing evangelical sympathy among the people is sern ill the recent edict, issued by the Archbishop of Chihuahua, relative to the excommunication of all persons who send their children to Protestant schools. This seems to show that the Roman Catholic clergy are alarmed by the success of the various schools in Chihuahua, such as Palmore College and Chihuahuense, the International School, and the German College, in which no Roman Catholic instruction is given and two of which are Protestant institutions. The Mexican paper, "El Mundo Christiano" says: "Weare surprised at the lack of humor displayed by the Roman Catholic prelates. To excommunicate for aims of this nature ill these times is not cause for fear, but for amusement. But even if a Roman Catholic prelate believes that he is not required to have a normal sense of humor, he should be practical Ll1 his defence of the Roman faith. In Yucatan, the threats of the archbishop served to advertise a Protestant school. You should be more careful, Messrs. Archbishops; it is necessary to be practical. You should not give advertisements gratis."

Because of this publicity, many families sent their children to Protestant schools in Yucatan.

As for tIle political unrest, American busines.s interests generally favor the establishment of stability in Mexico by the armed intervention of the United States. The spokesmen for these in-

teresis think that American patience has been exercised long enough, and that the time has come to act energetically so as to put an end to the reign of terror from bandits, and the destruction of American life and property. They believe that intervention must eventually come in the interests of world ·peace and progress, and that the sooner it comes the better.

Protestant missionarips on th8 other lmnd are opposed to such intervention. They sympath~ze with the Carranza government in the difficulties that harass it, and report that the country is quieting down and gradually returning to normal conditions. These mis- sionaries have no fillancial or pol ltical aims, but only seek the good of the people. They repr8sent millions of dollars and hundreds of lives that have been invested in Mexico with an unselfish purpose. They have been the most influential force to raise the standards of liberty, justice, altruism and education among the Mexicans. As a result, the present government recognizes the value of .evangelical missions and many graduates of their schools are in positions of authority or influence. The missionaries know the people and the situation, and thpir advice is unselfish and in harmony with the higher ideals of modern times.

A Mexican Protestant preacher recently declared that intervention in Mexico by the United States would mean the destruction of all American mission work. Protestant pastors in Mexico have been accused by their enemies of having been bought with Yankee gold, but they have continued their work in the confidence that the Gospel of Ohrist is Mexico's greatest need. In case of intervention these pastors would be obliged to take their stand against their American friends. Under Oarranza '8 government there has been general religious freedom, and a growing interest has been manifested by the people in the Gospel. The Protestant churches of Mexico Oity, Puehla, Guadalajara, Monterey and elsewhere are crowded. A recent report of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, declares tllat "Those in government circles are decidedly in favor of encouraging the development of Protestantism; many of the restrictions that served to retard mission work in the past are being removed, such as prohibiting the teaching of religion in primary schools, denying foreign clergymen the privilege of preaching the Gospel and forbidding the ownership of property by religious corporations. Students from the theological school in Mexico Oity say that a few weeks ago members of the Senate spent several days discmsing the superiority of evangelical religion, and advocated its acceptance throughout the country. The almost deadly blow that has been given Romanism during the recent revolutions gives evangelical churches an opportunity for spreading the Gospel such as h:;ts never been known before. Possibly there can be no clearer· evidence of Divine interposition in the affairs

of Mexico than the readiness of the people to buy and read the Bible. They are hungry for the Word of God."

Evangelical Christian work has been carried on in Mexico almost entirely under American auspices, and many believe that it would be set back one hundred years by an American invasion. Mexicans are willing to accept spiritual help from the United States in working out their problems, but they bitterly oppose political interference or armed intervention. This is a crucial time for evangelical missions in Mexico. Opportunity means responsibility.

RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT IN SOVIET RUSSIA A MEMBER of the British Military Mission at Omsk writes that, as a Christian, he cannot see without regret the dis- appearance of Ohristianity among the gifted people of Russia, who will probably become one of the great races of the 'World. There is danger of the further retrogre.ssion of the Russians religiously. because evangelical Christians of England and America are taking no adequate steps to give them the Gospel and to train leaders.

The legal obstacles, that formerly prevented evangelical work among the adherents of the Russian Church, have now disappeared, but in the mean time the masses of the people are without religious instruction.

A strong movement has recently begun among the laity and clergy of the Russian Church in Bolshevist Russia. The Muzhiks are convinced that Lenin is Anti-Christ, and as a result the Soviets are alarmed. In Omsk, a detachment of crusaders has been formed to fight against the Reds in defense of the Christian faith as menaced by Bolshevism. These Crusaders wear a large cross on their uniforms. The vice-president of the movement has asked the British Military Mission in Siberia for Bibles in Russian, and other non-sectarian religious literature will be welcomed.

It is time that adequate assistance from America and England be given to these Russians who are groping for the light. A "Russian Bible Evangelization Society" has recently been founded in America with Mr. George C. Howes of Boston as President; Dr. Howard Kelly of Baltimore, Mr. Sidney Smith of Oanada, and Dr. David J. Burrell of New York, as Vice-Presidents; Col. E. N. Sanctuary, of Washington, as Treasurer; and Mr. Pertelevitch Raud of Russia, as Secretary. This Society plans to conduct work for the giving of the Gospel to Russia. The Gospel Committee, founded to distribute Christian literature among Russian prisoners of war, is sending Gospels and other literature to Omsk and elsewhere. Another enterprise is Pastor William Fetler's "Russian Missionary and Educational Society" which is now training Rus-

sians in America to become Christian teachers and evangelists in their own country.

Russia has in its vast domain 180,000,000 people, most of whom have never been educated to know the true significance of the Gospel of Christ. It is time that American Christians extend a helping hand to these distressed people in their hour of need. The workers will face difficulties, but none greater than those faced by the Apostles in the first century.

THE CHANGING MOHAMMEDAN WORLD MOSLEMS can never be what they were before the war. They are being modernized, and it rests largely with Chris- tians to say whether they will become more dangerous neighbors or better world citizens. They are not only adopting new ideals of government and business, and calling for modern books and machinery, but they are changing their social customs and religious ideas. The people are seeking western education. Women long suppressed; are breaking away from their ignorance and seclusion. Cairo recently had a Moslem women's parade, where women lowered their veils and addressed crowds on the street corners. A talented Christian woman preached a sermon in a conservative Cairo mosque that had previously excluded all women. European dress and institutions are being copied throughout Egypt, Syria and Turkey. Will they take also the higher spiritual ideals with the intellectual and material f "Official state religions, " says Professor Wendell Cleland of Cairo University, "have collapsed in the Near East, Moslems have lost confidence and old leaders are desperate. There was never before such a spirit of inquiry into religious matters."

Unrest is everywhere, and as the leaders of the people and the proletariat seek better things for themselves they must be guided to distinguish between false and true ideals and values. They must see the worth of honesty, the blessing of unselfishness and the necessity of Godliness. That there is a trend toward Christ among many Moslems is shown by the efforts of mullahs to keep the earnest and intelligent Moslems from deserting Islam.

EVIDENCES OF PROGRESS IN INDIA"

O NE effect of the war, says Dr. H. D. Griswold, has been to break down the natural isolation of India, as nothing else has ever done. The rapidly increasing literacy in English has contributed to this, as well as the number of Indian students who have studied in Britain and America. The rank and file of India's population, from multitudes of villages all over the land, have now * Based on an article by Dr. Griswold in the Indian Standard.

SIGNS 'OF THE TIMES

come into touch with the outside world so that India will be more closely bound up with the other nations. One result is a larger preparedness on the part of the Indian people to listen thoughtfully to all sorts of messages, including the Gospel message. In order to meet the new and enlarged situation there is need of better equipment and large reinforcements. We must devise large things, expect great things and attempt great things. The only limits are those that God places.

The British Government's policy to foster "the progressive realization of responsible government in India as an integral part of the British Empire" is a most momentous pronouncement. Responsible government is to come gradually, so that it is hoped that by the time this is introduced the Indian Church may be able to carry much larger responsibilities'than now. As there is to be "the progressive realization of responsible government" in the State, so there must be in the Church. The presence of the national spirit in the churches is proved by the large number of articles appearing on the relation between Church and missions, and by local difficulties in various places. A spirit of self-assertion is a sign of adolescence. It is a sign of growth. There will be numerous changes in mission organization in the near future, so as to allo'W of a larger degree of initiative in the Indian Church. The Church is to be magnified as the permanent instrument of evangelization in India.

Women of India are finding a larger sphere of service, and constitute a special field of effort for the 'Women of the West. India's womanhood must be raised, educated and helped to advance along with the womanhood of Britain and America. For this great task there must be suitable training, normal, medical and collegiate. There is reason to expect a great development of education among Indian women during the next twenty-five years.

Lastly, there are sign,; in India of many social reforms along the lines of temperance, child marriage, temple prostitution, and the improvement of child training and home life. But what India needs most of all, and the requisite of all true success, is the knowledge of God and the power that comes through a true acceptance of Jesus Christ.

OPPOSITION TO CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA SOME reports from miss:ionaries and travelers in China would seem to indicate that the whole country is ready to receive Christ and to join the Christian churches. This is far from true and it is fortunate that there is no wholesale reception of untrained church members, otherwise the new converts could not be assimilated and educated, but would form a weak and semi-Christian Church.

While there are many reasons for encouragement in the number

of inquirers, including educated leaders that are accepting Christianity, there is still determined indifference or opposition on the part of the multitudes. Dr. E. W. Smith, who has recently returned from a visit to China, says that to the superficial observer the progress of the Gospel seems to be amazingly slow, but to one who understands the difficulties of the situation the wonder is that there is any progress at all. The worship of ancestors, and other laws and customs are so deeply rooted that it seems impossible for the Chinese to break away from them. There are also temporal difficulties. For a merchant to become a Christian and to close his store on Sunday is to invite be~gary for himself and his family. In one city of 50,000 inhabitants the arrest of progress was due to three facts: (1) The moneyed class, whose annual income is divided among the members of the clan on the annual ancestral worship day, agree that any member embracing Christianity is to be cut out and his portion divided among the others. (2) The laJrge clerk and employe class are not permitted by their employern to become interested in the meetings, for the employers know that acceptance of Christianity will be followed by refusal to wO'I"kon Sundays, which means dismissing a trained employe and breaking in a green one. (3) The soldier and police class have been forbidden by the higher authorities to become attendants on pain of dismissal. Dr. Smith says that there is no sign of whQlesale transformations.

There aire many encouraging signs, but mis'sionary work in China must be ,carried on, not because Qf the prQspect Qf immediate and large returns on the investment, but because of-Ioyalty to Christ and faith in fr3 power of His Gospel.

POSSIBILITIES IN SIAM T HE Siamese call themselves "free" people; hence, they 'will adopt no benefit-economic, educatiQnal or religious-which would tend to bring them under subservience to another race. The missionaries, understanding this, have made it a point never to interfere in civil affairs, and have proclaimed the Gospel of Christ in a spirit of loyalty to the Siamese government and people.

The war has stirred the national conscience in Siam, and has prepared the way for a more general acc;eptance of Christianity. Buddhist forces will, on the other hand, probably make a strenuous resistance. Heretofore, they have hardly taken the Christian Iillssionary program seriously. Buddhist priests outnumber Christian missiQnaries and teachers mQre than a hundred to' Qne. But the Siamese peeple have demonstrated that they are capable of understanding Christianity to the extent of cenferming mere literally to' the example and teachings ef Christ than any other Oriental peeple unless it be the Koreans.

~ EDITORIAL COMMENT:® ~

• ova ' … . {$ &HriI _ ~, , • U"<N" OiJ"U'J OUU1JO 0 0 UVJO THE WORLD'S NEED FOR LEADERSHIP T HE present world situation is a moral challenge to America" says Dr. Sherwood Eddy, who has recently returned from a tour of the world. He gives a brief survey of conditions and forces as he found them. "Japan is at the parting of the ways, facing the second great crisis of her history. In Korea and Shantung she must make her choice between autocracy and democ- racy, between militarism and freedom: The Japanese are one of the three great expanding and dominant races of the world. The 630,000,000 of the yellow race, or nearly 40 per cent of the world's population, may become a yellow peril, but they are today our golden opportunity to Christianize the Far East. .

"China is facing her darkest day politically but her brightest day religiously. The Government is in danger of breaking down.

One of four things will happen to China. There is one last chance to save the country from within, or second, the Government may fall, or third, Japan and other nations may try to divide China upon the spoils system, or fourth, she may pass into a temporary receivership under the control of a League of Nations or a ,group of the powers. Here is our supreme opportunity to raise up a moral Christian leadership which alone can save the nation and give it a lasting foundation for personal and national life. .

"India, divided between eight great religions, 147 different languages, and 2,000 different castes, is being united into one burn- ing unit of a new national consciousness. She is entering upon a new era of responsible government. Hinduism and the non- Christian religions cannot furnish a lasting foundation for national life. Now is the time to raise up the Christian leadership which alone can save India.

" The Near East is still the danger zone of the world. Egypt is in unrest, Palestine is seething with Zionism, Mesopotamia is a bone of contention between the French and the Ar.ab Hedjas, and Turkey is awaiting her fate. The whole Near East is under the shadow of Islam, and there is no hope apart from a Christian control. The whole Near East needs help.

"Europe, crippled by the war, is suffering from under pro- duction. Industry is paralyzed through vast areas of destruction; transportation, both by land and sea, has partIy broken down; there is a serious coal shortage which has left many countries in Europe without sufficient fuel or food to face the winter. With the lack of raw materials, the disappearance of credit, and the 11

destruction of markets, industry is threatened over wIde areas. These together with demoralization of labor, the high cost of living, and lower morale as the result of thE' war, threaten several countries in Europe with hankruptcy, famine or revolution. The Government of Poland with its twenty-four millions is in imminent danger. Russia is in a welter of Bolshevism. Germany and Austria are largely bankrupt and demoralized. Italy is rent and divided in her industrial, social and political life, and is on the thin crust of a volcano over the difficulty of Fiume. The position of the Jugo-Slavs and the Greeks is precarious. Every country is facing a great crisis, either industrial, social, political or military.

"For the whole distracted world today there is nothing but the Christian solution adequate to meet the present world situation. There is need of a united Church to face such a divided world. There is need of an advance of the Christian forces all along the line."

RELIGIOUS WORK FOR THE ARMY AND NAVY E VER since the Christian Commission undertook to carrv on work for the soldiers during the Civil War, the Young :Men's Christian Association has been active in providing Christian opportunities for the men in the American Army and Navy. A department was established for this work at the time of the Span- . ish-American 'Val', and special secretaries have been called to give their whole t.ime to it. Wben the trouble arose at the Mexican border the Y. M. C. A. was the first religious or welfare organiza- . tion on the field. Since that time, however, welfare work has been taken up for soldiers and sailors by other religious organizations, including the Salvation Army, the Knights of Columbus and the Jewish Welfare Board. Regular religious services have also been conducted by United St.ates Army and Navy chaplains, drawn from different. religious bodies. Their work has sometimes been very effective and in other cases has been more or less professional and unsatisfactory.

The service of the Young Men's·and Young Women's Christian Associations during the recent war was unusual in its character and scope. The Y. M. C. A. ·had 4-82 secretaries at work in forty- nine naval cent.ers; 4,309 paid secretaries in American Army areas; conducted work at 2,000 point!' abr()ad, with a. total personnel of about 12,000 workers. Their service in maintaining the morale of the army and navy is of inestimable value.

Now, however, beginning with November 1st, the United States Government has begun to take over the work of all the out- side welfare organizations connected with the army and navy, on the ground t~at Church and State are separate, and that the Gov-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

ernment is the "father" of the men in service and should look after their welfare.. This means that the Y. M. C. A. must give up their established work on Government reservations.

On October 31st there were 593 temporary "Y" huts and 1300 Y. M. C. A. secretaries affected by this order. The, buildings and equipment cost $4,500,000. For the present, the ten permanent Y. M. C. A. buildings erected in Army Reservations before the war will not be affected. The result of this Government order will be to se'culai'ize the welfare work for men in service, and to put the educational, physical training and social activities under control of men in the employ of the Army and Navy.

Some millions of dollars of the money contributed to the "Y" work in the United War Fund are still unexpended. The money was given for a specific purpose, for work conducted under special organizations that are still trustees of the fund. What shall be done with the remainder of this money1 As Congress has not yet made a sufficient appropriation to care for the welfare work, the Secretary of War has asked the War Work Council of the Y. M. C. A. and the other organizations to hand over their unexpended balance, and at the same time suggests that "Y" secretaries offer their services to the Government for non-religious welfare work. This plan, however, offers serious difficulties, as the war work organizations are trustees of their funds and most of the secretaries have given themselves to the work with the understanding that they are free to do religious work. The proposed plans both in the Army and Navy are experimental and there are reasons why the experiment of conducting such work directly under naval and military supervision is not likely to be successful. The Navy plan emphasizes the neceRsity for religious work in its welfare program and expects to continue in close relationship with the Young Men's Christian Association. It is to be hoped that in both the Army and Navy some arrangemE'nt will be made whereby the long experience of the Association may ,be utilized in such a way as to insure the largest Christian service to the enlisted men.

Since the principle of the separation of Church and State is recognized in the United States, it is conceded that the Government cannot conduct sectarian work. The need of the men for instruction apd encouragement in religious life, and activity is, however, undeniable. What then shall be done to supply the place of the Y. M. C. A. in the Army and NavyT Apparently the solution is in the chaplains. In the past, these men have been appointed by the Government, selected too often without reference to their special fitness as religious leaders of mm. There has also heen an insufficient number and there liaS been no systematic cooperation with the churches in thE' effort to make their work effective.

With the practical elimination of outside religious organiza-

Hons from the Army and Navy reservations (except as the men in service form their own Association) the responsibility for religious work must fall on the chaplains. Steps should be taken immediately to increase and improve the personnel of that body of men, and to insure their appointment on the basis of fitness alone and not as a political "plum." These chaplains should represent the churches and might, with advantage, be nominated by the various denominations and obliged to report to them on the character and results of their work. Their equipment might be increased and other plans of cooperation devised, so that the men in service will feel a close affiliation with the churche,s from which they or their parents have come. The men in service need physical, intellectual and moral training, but if their spiritual life is neglected they will be no better than human machines.

THE COST OF THE WAR P ROF. ERNEST L. BOGART, in a volume prepared for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, states that all of the wars of the nineteenth century, from the Napoleonic wars down to the Balkan war. show a loss of life of 4,449,300; the dead of the recent world war reached 9,998,771. If each human life is yalued at an average of $3,400 the total economic loss of this life would be thirty-three billion dollars. The property loss on land is estimated at about thirty billions, and at sea $6,800,000,000. The indirect cost in the loss of production is placed at $45,000,000,000. These figures added together give the total financial loss due to the war as the incomprehensible amount of $115,000,000,000. These figures stupendous as they are, do not take into account the effect of the war on human vitality, on economic well-being, on morality and on social unrest. Is it not time that the world sought to follow the "Prince of Peace"? The cost of Christian activities throughout the world is estimated at approximately $500,000,000 a year. On this basis the money wastel of the war would have supplied funds for all Christian churches and missions for over 200 years. The number of men giving all their time to Christian work in all lands is estimated at not over 500,000. On this basis, the men killed in the' war number twenty-times this number and four hundred times the number of Christian missionaries.

Nothing has taken place in the world which has invalidated one of Christ's claims or weakened one of His principles. Christ never was so necessary, never more unique and never more sufficient. He came not only to proclaim a message, but that there might be a mes- sage to proclaim. Thank God He stands strong among the weak, erect among the fallen, clean among the defiled, living among the dead.-Jesus Christ, our Lord."-lohn R. Matt. BY REV. HOWARD AGNEW JOHNSTON, D. D., CHICAGO, ILLINOIS "The sobbing of a thousand million of poor heathen sounds in my ear, moves my heart; and I try to measure, as God helps me, something of their darkness, something of their blank misery, something of their despair. Oh, think of these needs! I say again, they are ocean depths; and, beloved, in my Masters name, I want you to measure them, I want you to think earnestly about them, I want you to look at them until they appal you, until you cannot sleep, until you cannot criticize."

S O wrote the Rev. Charles Inwood, revealing the compassion of the Master Himself when He looked upon the multitude, in a desert place, without bread, and night coming down, because they were as sheep without a shepherd. After nineteen centuries of Christian history the same picture challenges our compassion on every side, and in every land: thousands, yea millions of men, women and children, in spiritually desert places, without the Bread of Life, and night, eternal night, coming down upon their souls.

In throbbing earnestness, Dr. J. Campbell White declares: "We thought we were going on to a millennium of education and ~ivilization, and God has shattered that lie, and revealed to us that'only a civilization founded on His truth can ever satisfy the aching hea.rt of the world, and ever make a decent human society on earth. Never has there been revealed in such lines of blood and fire the necessity of God in human life and in all human relationships. If people cannot hear the voice of God in a war like this, how can God get His thought across to men at a1l1" The emphasis in this statement that nothing short of a radical work of regeneration by the grace of God in redeeming love will ever solve the problems of men, helpless in the slavery of sin, is reenforced by the following forceful word in the TVester·n Christian .Advocate: "Jesus Christ did not come into the world simply to make decent people better, or to provide conveniences for the discontented. He came to save the world, and the whole world, from its sin. Was its sin ever greater than at the present time 1 'Vhat prophet of God will pray that he may be brought to see it, and call other men to come with him and preach it for the healing of the wounds of the nations 1" Many utterances of kindred nature are appearing in all sorts of publications, economic journals, philosophic reviews and daily newspapers, as well as religious periodicals. But the general statement is liable to make only a very. general impression. The IS student of the world's life should note somewhat· in detail the actual facts which make strikingly concrete this vigorous assertion of the need of Christ's Gospel of salvation for a dying world.· There are. those who discourage the suggestion that we look the facts in the face, intimating that the policy of hope and encouragement should always be adopted, acC"ording to which we shall not look at the dark places, but emphasize whatever is in evidence to indicate the progress which is being made in the admitted task of the Church to evangelize the nations. But our Lord warned those who had a great task to achieve to measure carefully the obstacles to overcome, declaring that he only is wise who will frankly face every fact and appreciate its significance as related to the great objective of the Church of Christ. Therefore let it be remembered that we are nOlW1 considering the world's need, and are looking at the dark side, rather -than trying to gloss over whatever should be probed to its deepest center. Superficial thinking that would consider the task as well-nigh accomplished is fatal to an adequate conception of the stupendous, staggering burden the Church has scarcely begun to lift.

A GLIMPSE AT THE NON-CHRISTIAN WORLD If we should set aside twenty-five thousand people to every missionary in the non-Christian countries, (a pitifully inadequate provision), there would still remain five hundred millions for whom no messenger of Christ has yet been provided by the Church, with its vast wealth and large numbers of young men and women. After nineteen hundred years of Christian Missions, we can imagine what the apostle Paul 'Would say to us, when he said to his easy-going fellow Christians of his own time, "Some have not the knowledge of God: I speak this to your shame." A recent author has quoted from "Whittier's Almanac" figures to the effect that out of a total world population of over 1,600,000,000, there are 564-,000,000 nominal Christians, or about one-third the total population of the globe. He makes this report a basis for the statement that "Christianity has grown more in the last one hundred years than in the preceding eighteen hundred." But included in this total are the inhabitants of all Roman Catholic countries and all Greek and Oriental sects. Christianity has made no such genuine progress in these countries in the last century as would justify the intimation that a triumphant development of its redeeming truth is now apparent in the life of those people. Such a statement cannot possibly be taken as an estimate of the exact status of Christian progress.

If we glance at non-Christian countries, we have to note, not simply the degree of progress actually made by Christianity, but what yet remains to be done. Moreover, we must note the real attitude of controlling governments toward the Christian propa- ganda. Crossing the Pacific, 'we find that about 70,000 Japanese now dwell in the Hawaiian Islands, with scarcely any attempt to Christianize them. They out-number all the rest of the population. In Japan itself, with all that is encouraging, there are not yet two per cent of the population Christian. Nowhere else in non- Christian countries are the Pllgan shrines and temples kept up so perfectly. The Mikado still goes to Yamada to worship the ancient gods of Japan. In recent months Japan has revealed its true attitude toward Christianity in its policy toward the Koreans. From the time .Japan entered Korea, the Japanese have looked upon Christianity there as making its occupation more difficult, for Christian Koreans are more intelligent and have protested against acts of injustice on the part of the Japanese military power. Recently a friend, who was an employee of the Japanese Government, was discovered to be an earnest Christian. His res- ignation was demanded, and with a stinging denunciation of his interest in the Christian re lig-ion. No careful student of Japan's present ambitious spirit will entertain the sanguine hopes enter- ·tained twenty years ago by Christian missionaries concerning the • future spread of Christianity among those people.

PROBLEMS OE' CHINA AND INDIA China's and India's millions are devotees of Confucius, Buddha, Krishna and Mahomet. The followers of Christ in those lands are fewer than two per cent. We are in danger of imagining that the material signs of civilization such as modern buildings, sanitation, commerce, schools and industries indicate that the religion of Christ is equally widespread. On the contrary much of this material progress and even intellectual culture represents interests that look upon the presence of Christianity as an intrusion. It is a scandalous fact that, in the port cities of Asia, the immoral influences of many sojourners from so-called Christian countries are among the worst hindrances to the progress of Christianity. The natives do not distinguish between non-Christians from socalled Christian countries and actual followers of Jesus Christ.

China today is still a staggering problem, with its inertia of centuries of exclusive and inclusive assumption of self-sufficiency, which it is now realizing that it must surrender. Torn in its civil strife, with its illiterate multitudes unable to unite intelligently in a constitutional government, and dominated by a small group of self-seeking leaders who ignore the present constitution in their ambitious effort after power, the former "Celestial Empire" is being sliced into "spheres of influence." China is today embittered, for it looks upon the Peace Conference as evading plain justice in failing to honor the plea of its representatives that the

principles involving the consent of the governed should obtain in Ohina, as well as elsewhere. It looks upon the so-called Ohristian nations as untrue to their professions. This interferes with the kindly spirit which, at times, the Ohinese have manifested toward missionaries of the Gospel.

No less serious is the situation in India. It is agreed that India is better off under British rule than it was before; but intelligent Hindus complain because of Britain's failure to do many things that might help the Hindus toward intelligent self-government. They point to what the United States has done in the Philippines in twenty years, as being far more than Britain has done for India in a hundred years. The" 8wadeshi " movement, whose slogan is "India for the Hindus," is developing deep-seated feeling of resentment on the part of many Hindus, and is steadily ,gathering strength. In India, while encouraging progress has been made among the low caste people, the vast millions still remain untouched by the Gospel. Krishna is still the highest object of their worship, notwithstanding the unspeakable records of his unholy lust. Ohrist is still far from being King in India.

IN MOHAMMEDAN LANDS There are Ohristian converts from among Moslems, but since the time when Ohristian missionaries began their work among the Mohammedans, the followers of the Prophet have increased by sixty times as many people as have accepted Ohrist from their number. This is the most intensely persistent of all non-Ohristian religions. Thousands have been converted from paganism to the faith of the Prophet in Africa within recent years. True, these are low types of people, as are most of the uneducated Mohammedans; yet the task of the Ohurch is rendered far more difficult because of their fanatical antagonism to Ohristianity. The Turkish atrocities against Armenians, Syrians and other ancient Ohristian sects, reveal the age-long hatred which Mohammedans bear to all professors of the Ohristian faith. The compromises of the early Ohurch made it possible for the Orescent to supplant the Oross in the very region where the Ohurch began its labors. Some believe that when the Turkish government no longer controls these people, many of them wilJ eagerly turn to Ohrist. But for many years millions of Mohammedans have been entirely free from the control of the Turkish government. Most of them have been under the British Government in India, Africa and elsewhere. But these Mohammedans have not been turning to Ohristianity in any notable numbers, even though Great Britain presumably stands for religious liberty. Rather has Great Britain more than once favored the Mohammedans, as against the OhristianS'. Only a few months ago British missionaries in Nigeria were forbidden by law, issued by the British Governor, to live within a certain distance of the native villages, thus making almost prohibitive their work among the people. Persistent demands for explanation of the reasons for these' laws finally elicited the statement that the natives in their ignorance and superstition were more easily managed than after they are somewhat educated and Christianized. That is to say, the ideals of all Christian governments, looking toward intelligent self-government, will not be favored in certain sections because it would involve sacrificial service on the part of the controlling government. The Christian ideal is to have the most backward peoples elevated and advanced until they enjoy all the rights and privileges of the most favored peoples on the planet. France has denied such privileges to Madagascar. Great Britain has refused to interfere with Mohammedan fanaticism in the Sudan. We know the history of Belgium in the Congo. It is not denied that most difficult and perplexing problems were involved in these situations, but it is noted that such are the facts, and we are not justified in any sanguine notion that they will be less stubborn until the Gospel of Christ has a fuller sway in those lands.

THE GIGANTIC UNFINISHED TASK OF THE CHUROH Our purpose in noting the above, facts is not to paint a darker picture than those facts warrant, but to stir the Church to an adequate appreciation of its great responsibility, beyond anything it has been willing to acknowledge since the first Christian century. The challenge of the war time service given by the Allies, in money and patriotic devotion, has discovered us to ourselves in certain directions. We do not forget that subscriptions to Liberty Bonds are not benevolences, but splendid investments; yet our actual gifts to war-service ministries, such as Red Cross and the various organizations that have ministered to enlisted men, and to the peoples of devastated countries, have revealed to us how much more we might have done for the cause of Christ in giving men and money through the years in which we have been playing at the business of advancing the cause of Christ. We may no longer assert our inability to go far beyond the past. In fact, the present response to the challenge sent out in the various denominational drives proves that in the direction of larger giving of money the Church is planning for a sacrificial effort never before approached.

Having realized this much, we must go further in search for evidence that the Church is awake to its gigantic, unfinished task, with some honest repentance because of its lethargy in the face of its supreme duty. What signs of spiritual power are evident in the life of the Church at home 1 The degree of brightness with which the light shines at home determines the extent to which its rays will reach out into the darkness. During the war, many min-

isters seemed to confuse Christianity with patriotism. The Church should always champion every patriotic service, but recently the Church was challeJlged to suggest anything in its message during the war that was not in the daily newspapers. Let us note the result of the activity of the Church during the year 1918. '1'he total church membership in this country is less than 42,000,000, being considerably below one-half of the popUlation. The gain in communicants was smaller than in ally of the previous ten years, being 284,540, for the Christian churches of America, or 1,055,017 less than in 1917. Many ministers were a~sent in various forms of service, but the total number of ministers increased 1922 over 1917, while there were 560 more places of worship.

THE NEED OF CHRIST The most conspicuous failure in self-government among leading nations is found in the cities of this country, indicating the failure of so-called "good citizens" who are not good citizens at all, however good they may be in other walks of life. Christian men have not been the outstanding leaders in anything like a widespread effort to solve the industrial problems that perplex and threaten us, until millions of people who work with their hands believe that the Church has no sympathy with them in their problems. But enough has been indicated to show that the Church '8 greatest need is to have Christ t'nthroned as its Lord and Master before it can ever possess that vitalizing quality that always exists when the Holy Spirit has been given His placfl in the leadership of the Church. Too widespread is the tendency to advocate a general culture, without the positive emphasis of the necessity on the part' of individuals and congregations to give the personal Christ His supreme place in our lives. TIlt' hopelessness and fatality of sin are not magnified, and some leaders in certain quarters of the visible Church are openly teaching that conversion is simply a natural experience of adolescence and that when we give fail' valua,tion to the good things in the non-Christian religions, we may fairly question whether Christian missions are justified. Evidently such teaching saps the sense of the neEd of Christ as the only Saviour of the world, both at horne and abroad.

He that hath an ear to hear, let him hear the sobbing of the lost millions that Charles Inwood heard. Many- of them do not know that their very darkness and helplessness are crying out to God and to redeemed men to give them the Light of Life. Their complacent ignorance of their hopeless conditi1:Hl is the deepest element of pathos in their helplessness. Surely, if anything has been written into history, it is that Jesus Christ, and He alone, is the world's only hope and only Saviour of ma.nkind.

REFUGEES IN A BARRACKS IN AI,EPPO

The Missionary Outlook in Asia Minor BY REV. JAMES L. BARTON,* D. D., BOSTON, MASS.

I N defi11ing the area which naturally comes under the discussion of this article I would like to bound it by the Aegean Sea on the west, the Caspian Sea on the east, the Black Sea and the Caucasus Mountains on the north, to Syria and the Mediterranean on the south. This area embrace" a mixed population, consisting -* Dr. Barton has recently returned .from an extended tour of investigation in Asia Minor and the Caucasus, where be had tinusual facilit ies for a study of the situation.-Edit?r.

21

of Greeks. predominating on the west coast of Asia Minor; Turks predominating in the central areas; Armenians, Kurds and Turks in the eastern section of what was true old Turkish Empire; Georg- ians, Tartars, Kurds and Armenians in Transcaucasia. The Ar- menians dwell in considerable numbers in central Asia Minor and something like 500,000 of the former population of the eastern part of Turkey ar,e now refugees in Northern Syria and in Trans- caucaSIa.

During the entire period of the war these fields were not abandoned by the missionaries, although some died at their posts, while others came home in order to be prepared to return for a full term of service as soon as the war should end. rn only one or two instances were stations left with no missionary in charge, while in many cases more than one person remained at his post until relieved, and some are there now who were on the ground during the war. The fact that so many missionaries and educators :r.efused to withdraw from the country has made a profound impression upon all· classes of people within the country. As one goes from the Aegean Sea to the Caspian, meeting all classes of people, official and peasant, Mohammedan and Christian, he hears only:words of profound appreciation of the missionaries who defied all hardship and personal danger in order that they might stay with the people at a time of great uncertainty and in many :;;2ctions, like the areas occupied by the Armenians, at a time of terrible suffering. The missionary name today throughout this region is a glorious name which has lost none of its lustre from the fact that all of them there, reinforced by a large number of our best young people of America, are engaged in relief work in many forms. As some of the miBsionaries and workers have lost their lives in this service and others are broken down in health and have been compelled to withdraw, while all have shown a deep personal interest in every measure that is taken to alleviate the terrible suffering of the afflicted peoples, the impresBion has been deepened that the Christianity of America, from which the reli,ef funds and the workers come, is genuine, manifesting itself not in empty expressions but in self-sacrificing de.eds.

THE ARMENIANS In my experiences in the area above outlined, covering a period of something more than six months, I have come to the conclusion that the Armenian nation has never been so ready as now to cooperate in every good form of missionary work, medical, literary, educational and evangelistic. The Armenians are discussing whether or not the Gregorian Church shall be the National Church of the new Armenia or whether they shall organize 0:n the religious basis of American national life. They feel, as they have never felt before, the necessity of a thorough educational system, of better sanitation, of an industrial and technical training which shall enable them best to develop their country. Many of them put sU12reme em.phasis on the necessity of the nation's standing four square to Chri."tianitv as the basis of its very e:xlstenc;, whether they have a national Church or not. The Armenians are ready to cooperate with the e Christians of America in bringing to their people the best we possess of Christian civilization.

THE GREEKS The Greek Church, both ill Greece and in Turkey, has bEwll a problem hard to solve. The GrHeks have not been as ready to · accept modern education as have THE MARK OF THE FALSE PROPHET the Bulgarians and the Armen- ians. Greece is unique among the Christian nations in that the BibLe in modern Greek is forbidden by the Constitution to be printed or circulated anywhere in Greece. But present-day Greece is beginning to think more than ever before in world terms. The Metropolitan of Athens was in America last winter and in March, discussing the question of missionaries and Greeks, he said: "Our refusal to permit the circulation of the Holy Scriptures in the spoken language, and, in consequence of this, the State's intervention through seizure and des'truction of such translations, gave the missionaries apparently reasonable grounds for proclaiming to their countrymen that the Greek State persecuted the Holy Scriptures and that Greece was a gospelless land. If we add to this fact our excessive conservatism regarding non-essential or even entirely dead religious fOrn1s which one may not touch by word or deed without finding himself criticised by the over pious; and if we add the increasing religious ignorance of a large portion of our people, which even strangers see clearly in the absence from our educational program of adequate religious instruction; if we add besides the lack of education among ninety per cent of our clergy, the diseased religious point of view which marshals dozens of images of one and the same saint ;n order to save a sick king, as veII as the religious indifference of a large pllrt of our educated classes-

ARMENIAN REFUGEES RETURNING TO THEIR RUINED HOME IN OURFA if, I say, you add this to the professional motives of the American ·inis-_ sionaries, you have nearly all the sources of their dislike for the Greek nation."

This, it seems to me, is an over statement of the critical attitude of the missionaries toward the Greeks, but it i~ a most significant statement from the highest ecclesiastic in the Church of Greece and one which was discussed, and not unfavorably, by the Bishops in Salonica alld in Smyrna at the time of my call upon them. The Metropolitan closed his interview with the following words: "If, therefore, we wish as nation and Church to have the esteem of so great a people (as America), we 'cannot remain indifferent in the present crisis, much less in our future national development, to any opinion favorable or unfavorable which America may form con~erning us. It is, therefore, our duty in the first place to dispel foreigners' opinions regarding us, and in the second place to improve our religious life, teaching the people the essence of the orthodox faith, cleansing our Church's life of the rust engendered by the slavery and ignorance of the past, and ridding it of its load of dead forms, in order that our Church's life-giving spirit may shine forth anew. I cherish the belief thalt we already stand on the threshold of this new religious life."

Such an utterance from the great head of the Greek Church cannot fail to have influence, not only in Greece itself, but among the Greeks throughout the Near Ea.st.

1920J THE MISSIONARY OUTLOOK IN ASIA MINOR 2S

ARMENIAN REFUGEES LEARNING A MOTION SONG THE GEOR(lIAN NATION Another Christian race recently organized into a republic is the Georgian, reaching the Black Sea on the east and extending north to the Caucasus Mountains. This ancient people are said to number something like three million souls, with a Church of their own, but a Church which has lost most of its spiritual significance. The Georgians are hardy mountaineers who have endured great persecution, but through it all have stood firmly by their national Church. This nation, now formed into the Georgian R,epublic with capital at Tiflis, is beginning to realize its need of something more in the way of heart religion and the civilization that necessarily follows. The Georgians have appealed to the American Board, but would probably welcome any similar organization, to come among them and establish the same kind of religious institutions which have been so long in operation in Turkey. The national representatives in Paris at the Peace Conference made earnest appeal to representatives of the American Board there at that time to begin a missionary work among their people. They promised every kind of national aid and cooperation. Here is certainly a field that ought not to be ignored. It will not be an easy one to work. Religious prejudices are deep-seated and will not easily capitulate. But the people are worthy, the field is easily accessible, and a welcome is assured.

We have heard a great deal about the Kurds, their cruelty, their attitude toward Christianity, and the part which they have played in the Armenian massacres which have ooen so prevalent in Turkey during the last generation. We discover, however, that the Kurd is more of a friend of the Armenian than he is of the Turk. During the recent deportationR, when the Turks were sending Armenians by the thousands down across the plains to the south, the Kurds came in as the saviours of that stricken people and convoyed tens of thousands of them across their own country into Transcaucasia, where they are today awaiting opportunity to return to their homes. The Kurds have r,epeatedly declared themselves anti-Turk, and they were known to the Turkish officials, at the outbreak of the war, as not favorable to Turkey. When the deportations of the Armenians began it was the plan of Turkey to include the Kurds with them and a beginning was made at Harpoot in Eastern Turkey. A delegation of the leading Kurdish chiefs appeared at Harpoot and announced to the Governor that unless he oeased persecution immediately the Kurds would make a concerted attack upon him and his government. As they are powerful in that region, their warning was heeded and contemplated atrocities against Kurds were not perpetrated. It was this incident which led the missionaries and relief workers in that region to see that they had faithful allies in the Kurds. While many of them ar,e robbers by profession and confirmed thieves by practice, it can be assumed that large numbers of them, including many of their leaders, are vastly more in sympathy with Christianity and Christians than with Mohammedanism and Turks. !n fact, the Kurds occupying an area north of Harpoot and eastwards toward Moush and Van are probably descendants of Christian races, possibly of Armenians. Their Mohammedanism was forced upon, them and has sat very lightly during these centuries. The Kurds of Turlmy and of Persia form a most promisi,ng population for missionary endeavor and, so far as one can judge, the field is decidedly ready for a positive beginning.

MOHAMMEDANS IN ASIA MINOR Mohammedanism has met with marked changes since the outbreak of the war. The Arabs allied themselves with Christian England and the Turks with Germany, proclaimed as a Christian state, and thus the Arab and the Turk wer,e arrayed against each other. The solidarity of Mohammedanism has met with a great shock. Just what the outcome will be no one can predict, but it is evident to the traveler in Turkey today, especially to one who converses freely with the officials over a wide extent of country, that Mohammedanism is not looked upon by the Mohammedans themS€lves as a force adequate to meet the religious requirements of this age. Repeatedly the Turkish Governors' and sub-Governors declared that Turkey must have modern institutions of learning under Western leadership in order to sav<e her from dissolution. Many of them argued with great unction that if the Mohammedans and Christians of 'furkey had been educated in institutions that gave them unprejudiced und2Tstanding of religion and nationality and government, there would be no contest between them, but they would live peaceably together, each in his own rEligion, recognizing the right of the other and working in perfect harmony. Among the great number of leading Turks and officials I saw no one who did not urge a more aggressive educational work for all of the races in the country.

Among the Mohammedans there is a manifest feeling that the old restrictions against changing religion are no longer in operation. There were not a few cases which came under my observation where Mohammedans of standing and of influence had turned to Christianity and had made public profession of their faith. One case was that of a Hodja of a large mosque, himself belonging to a family of Hodjas for several generations. who made public profession of his belief in .1esus Christ. When I talked with him of his new found faith and joy he told me that he was besieged every day and all day by Mohammedans, urging him to J'leturn to his ancestral faith. He said the only argument they used with him was that unless he did so every Mohammedan of that important city would become Christian. Six months later word came that not only was he living a most devoted Christian life but that he had formed a class of inquirers, all of them Mohammedans, who were making careful and systematic study of the Bible.

The work for Mohammedans will be hard. The old spirit of fanaticism and opposition will rally and will present a formidable front to the Christian approach, but we may confidently believe that the spirit of fanaticism will not be backed and supported by a .powerful government with authority of life and death over its subjects. The. Christian schools unquestionably will have an increasing number of Mohammedan pupils. Already the movement in that direction is well under way.

What is true of the situation among the Turks is also h'ue of the condition that prevails among the Arabic-speaking peoples. Many old things have passed away and many things have become new. If now the Christian Church of America will manifest its readiness to enter into this land and possess it in the name of the Christ the victory is assuI'ed.

Knowledge of

A Missionary Bible Study BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D D.

"This is life eternal, that they should know Thee, the ollly true God, and Him whom Thou didst send, even Jesus Christ."-JoHN 17:3.

"Because that knowing God they glorify him not as God, neither gave thanks, but became vain in their reasonings, and the,ir senseless heart was darkened."-RoMANs 1 :21.

The Bible teaches that there is only one true God, that He revealed Himself to man, and that the knowledge of God which we possess is not acquired by man's own genius, but is a revelation from God Himself.

Heathenism is on the downward path. M"Onotheism came first and polytheism was a deterioration. "Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, and changed the glory of the incorruptible God into an image made like to cor:-uptible man, and to birds, and four-footed beasts, and creeping .things." The only full and true knowledge of God is found in the revelation of His personality and character and will in the Old and New Testaments. When we consider what this involves we see clearly how Hinduism, Buddhism, Shintoism, Animism, Confucianism and Islam have all failed by commission of over emphasis. The result is that in the non-Christian religions we have a distorted view of God and of our relation to Him.

The following outline can be applied to each of the non-Christian religions as a test of its real character, and a proof of its inadequacy.

1. THE OBJECT OF OUR KNOWLEDGE-The only true and living God.

(1) He is a person. Theism vs. Atheism, Pantheism, Agnosticism.

(2) He is Triune in essence-Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

(3) His attributes include all perfection possible to our imagination, and all glory and power beyond human comprehension.

(4) God is related to the universe as Creator, Preserver, Provi- dence.

(5) God became incarnate for man's salvation.

(6) God dwells in His world, and in the hearts of His people.

II. THE METHOD OF OUR KNOWLEDGE OF GOD.

(I) Intuition-His image-Conscience-Spiritual Hunger.

(2) Observation-God in nature-Psalm 19.

(3) Revelation-Heb. J:l. "By the Prophets in His Son." (4) Experience-Reg-eneration-Adoption-Santification. III. THE RESULT OF OUR KNOWLEDGE 01" Gon-Eternal Life. "He that hath the Son hath life"-the true life revealed; the true life imputed; the true life imparted by Jesus Christ alone. Eternal life is knowledge of the Eternal-experimental knowledge. Without Christ is to be not only without hope but in the deepest sense without God. None of the great religions of the non-Christian world give an adequate knowledge of God. Only Christ has lifted the veil. As Dr. Alexander Maclaren says in a sermon on John 14:1: "The God whom men know outside of Jesus Christ is a poor nebulous thing; an idea and not a reality.

You will have to get something more substantial than the far-off God of an unchristian theism if you mean to sway the world and to satisfy men's hearts."

28

Purity Movement in Cairo"

BY ARTHUR T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT Superintendent of the Nile Mission Press T HE place "where there ain't no Ten Oommandments" is the somewhat startling and sweeping phrase in which the re- viewer of Mr. Whitehair's book "Out There" sums up the author's description of Oairo. As to whether this description of our city is justifiable depends upon one's viewpoint. Let us look at this city of 810,000 souls (791,000 at the 1917 census) as we know it, who have worked in it for some years; and then let us try to seA it as our soldiers see it.

Weare proud of Oairo as not only the largest city of Africa, but the sixth or seventh of the British Empire; we look upon it as the brain center of the World of Islam, and we are iuterested in the Moslem inhabitants. We think of its electric trams, its telephones, its aerodrome, its twenty daily newspapers, its hundred printing presses and other enterprises.

We remember the upright life of the really high authorities, such as the Oommander-in-Ohief, the High Oommissioner and the heads of the Egyptian Government, and· we thank God for the Y. M. O. A., Ohurch Army, Soldiers' Home, and a score of other institutions to aid the men.' We think of missionaries' homes open to them, and of evangelistic campaigns resulting in spiritual conversions to God. We know of not a few earnest Ohristian men among the soldiers who have decided to give themselves to foreign mission work after securing their discharge.

But how does the average "Tommy" look at it ~ Hundreds of thousands of these men have come from home for the first time in their lives. The aVE'rage man has never seen the inside of the famous Egyptological Museum and cares but little for ancient mosques and Ooptic churches. He knows that the strictness observed in Jerusalem by General Allenby is greatly relaxed in Cairo and Alexandria, and that hundreds of officers throng the brothels; and he says, "What's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander."

The average soldier has views upon "seeing the sights" or "seeing life," phrases that represent merely "barrack talk," dished up and handed out to every newcomer. I have been told that almost every man is advised that he must not fail to see the prostitutes' quarter (the Ezbekiyeh), just at the back of the American Mission Ohurch. Once there, he goes round and round the • Since the above article was written there has been some improvement in the conditions. due larfelY to the response of high officers to the Purity Movement appeals. Last]une, several lanes were put' out oi bounds" to troops, then others, then three large streets. One result 15 that there is more movement in ;:'J g;~':f;::,:lr~":t ~:i~ i:'a~be~~hd:.~ei;ft11"li::e:. re~e:iif1:,'~dcr::;;ayfl~ot~iat~fJ::b~~e ~h!~; f~;~ff tremendous need for prayer and effort.-A. T. U.

20 to 25 filthy brothel lanes, and visits them time after time. The average "Tommy" does not set out to commit sin, but he goes to "see the sights," and is enticed, sometimes pulled inside. When he comes out he is a fallen man.

These men know that unnatural vice flourishes there as it has always flourished in such quarters. There are one or two hundred persons who practice it, in spite of legalized vice. Many times soldiers have us,ed these very words to me: "Since these brothels are provided for us by the Government, or by the Army, why should we not visit them 7" When I deny that assertion, he merely alters a word, "tolerated, then!" Scores have said, "If this is right, let me go in, but if it's wrong, why does the Go·vernment license it?"

Thank God for men here and there brave enough to speak out against the non-intervention of the military authorities, and the legal protection given by the Egyptian Government. One such is Rev. John Giffen, D. D., who, preaching the American Thanksgiving sermon (with H. E. The High Commissioner present), uttered these memorable words: "As the liquor evil has ·been abolished by prohibition, so let other evils .be prohibited. So let the twin of the drink' evil be slain outright at a single blow. Outlaw it absolutely. As the seventh commandment stands between the sixth and the eighth, so let its violators be treated as equally criminal with the one who steals or slays. Let this be done and those horrid dens of infamy, that are too patent to need mention, will vanish from our streets. Who would think of licensing a gang of burglars, or of highway robbers? Why then license, and by state officers assist, a gang that is infinitely more damaging to the communitY1 Let no state legalize any crime by licensing it, but outlaw it and abolish it. Let state law say, as God 's I~aw says, "Thou shalt not kill," "Thou shalt not commit adultery," "Thou shalt not steal," and let him that does one or the other answer to the law."

The purpose of this article is not to expose the weaknesses of the .A.dministration but to urge the need of prayer, and to tell something of our efforts to "convert the sinner from the error of his way" and to "save a soul from death."

In the early days of the Great War troops poured into Egypt on an unprecedented scale, and it is small wonder that the authorities were unable to cope with the hugeness of the social problems involved. As a result many thousands of men were soon down with venereal disease and many died. In revenge, the Australians burnt down several of the chief blocks of brothels.

One chaplain sacrificed his health by personally witnessing day after day against SIN, going for that purpose into the vilest brothel quarters of Cairo. Capt. Rev. Guy Thornton, C. F., waged this

THE PURITY MOVEMENT IN CAIRO

noble fight in 1915, and many a soldier was persuaded into better things and sllf,'ly guided out of that district. At last, however, the strain of ~ne scenes witnessed, the stenches endured and the heat of the Egyptian summer broke down Captain Thornton's health and he was obliged to return to England. Thousands of men have accepted salvation by faith in Christ as the result of this ~haplain 's faithful preaching since returning home.

Capt. Rev. Sydney Morris· was almost equally courageous in: Alexandria, running up the stairs of buildings to buttonhole men, many of whom were the worse for drink. Other chaplains have had faithful talks with individual men, but very few have ventured to follow Thornton's example. Still, they have distributed tens of thousands of purity Gospel tracts, printed by the Nile Mission Press.

In the early days of the war I published an edition of 10,000 leaflets called "Wine and Women," aild decided to distribute them personally to men on the street every Saturday afternoon, and at such other times as my duties would allow. These tracts were offered one by one until my stock was exhausted, and not more than two per cent were returned to me or thrown down. Such aggressive use of purity literature-in the lion's den, so to speaksurprised some of the Christian workers. This, the first form of my Appeal, has been continued and after I had worked for five or six months alone, I had two or three voluntary colleagues.

There is no need to dwell upon the great difficulties of such work. One must bury one's reputation, and covenant with the Lord to "die daily" before facing drink-maddened lustful men, to protest against the SIN they have committed, or are about to commit. The sanitary conditions in these quarters were not exactly what one would choose for hot summer days in Egypt; but perhaps the heaviest handicap was the loneliness of ti:lOse days, for many of God's children have the mistaken notir;n that it is wrong to speak of such things. But we will never save men from sin so long as we are afraid to witness against sin.

There have been some interesting and encouraging results. Many a man has given a start at hearing an English voice sayingperhaps on the brothel stairs, perhaps in one of the inner rooms- "Be sure your SIN will find you out." Some have immediately turned and gone down the stairs and off the premises. Many another who has been with a harlot, either in the street or in her doorway, has felt a hand gently laid upon his shoulder and has heard the inquiry: "What· would you do to the man whom you found treating your sister like that 1 This poor fallen woman is somebody's sister." Sometimes the man has tried to reply and to make out a case before the onlookers, but more often he has forced his way out through the crowd.

In some cases I have been al)l(~, in spite of my deafness, to start an impromptu discussion. Papers and pencils have been handed to any able to write down three or four reasons for 'indulging in sin. Usually I have not needed to state the case against it, for the slips of pappr have been handed hack with the remark, "There's no particular good in it!" Thereupon the challenge is' given: "Then who will follow me out of it to the main street1" and perhaps six or seven men have followed me out.

Appeals to the Author'ities. It soon became clear that we could get on in the work much faster if the high authorities would issue an Army Order, putting a few of the worst of the brothels "out of bounds," so we made the attempt. Dr. MacInnes, Bishop of Jerusalem., backed me up and most kindly presented to H. E. Sir Reginald Wingate, the High Commissioner, my detailed letter of complaints as to the immoral state of Cairo. Some six principal points were dealt with, and one has had no reason to complain of the courteous and even sympathetic hearing given to numerous letters of protest. The difficulty has been lack of action, or rather lack of drastic action. The highest authorities, both military and civil, were shown the detailed charges which I made, and there was a great buzz in General Red Tape's office to stop the most outstanding public scandal, but only so much was done as they could not help doing. Three street nuisances were given a death blow: (1) public touting (or soliciting), (2) dragging the half drunken soldiers into brothels, and (3) women exposing themselves on the street. Not all of thes.e were completely stopped, but they got a sort of "knockout blow," after my protest.

On the other hand, I found the authorities quite immovable on the matter of putting some of the lanes "out of bounds." The G. O. C. Force in Egypt said that he could not do this without orders from the Commander in charge of the E. E. F., and apparently those orders were never issued. Brothels were not put "out of bounds" for soldiers except when some big row called attention to them as a public nuisance.

In July, 1918, I sent to the High Commissioner a detailed oomplaint concerning affairs in Alexandria which seemed to be almost worse than Cairo, and gave names and addresses of no less than 46 flats in the best business part of Alexandria which, being Officer's Brothels, were allowed by the authorities to advertise themselves as "Pensions" (Boarding Houses). In some cases they had been supplied by the municipality with "hotel registers" which, needless to say, never had any entries! An American lady, the wife of Dr. Chorlian, resident in the street, made a prolonged and spirited fight for her children's sake, but alas! up to the time of this writing nothing has been done.

1920J THE PURITY MOVEMENT IN CAIRO

In Oairo, some assistance has been given by increased police activity ahd much more by the issuE) of a proclamation prohibiting inducement to enter, obscene dancing, and the use of alcoholic liquors in licens.ed brothels. This has been a real help, and by prosecuting some of the worst of the women, and by turning out men collected for the purpose of witnessing the dance, a certain amount of wholesome respect (or fear) has been created, which enables one to enter any of the brothels. Also, increased powers were given to the civil police as the result of my agitation.

General Sir E. H. H. Allenby, the new Commissioner, has, in response to my letter, issued a fine appeal to all ranks, of which we quote one paragraph: "In these countries special temptations exist with regard to wine and women. Both must be resisted. Our relatives and friends are anxiously awaiting our return home, and they will expect to Dnd all those of us who have escaped wounds in action with our physical and our moral energies unimpaired. Treat all women with courtesy, but shun all undue intimacy. Remember that temptation, which when encountered is hard to resist, is often easy to avoid…. "

.Appeals to God. "Put not your trust in princes," said a wise man of old, "for there is no help in them." We have learned in this movement to depend upon' our Eternal God, the Rock of Ages. When we found out the strength of the opposition, there seemed but one way out-that is God. Accordingly, some ten monthly (or fortnightly) circulars were issued to missionary colleagues and others to beg them to pray this thing through, and such success as has been already obtained is in answer to their intercessions. More than three hundred Christian workers joined in fighting this thing upon their knees, while many others, unknown to me, have joined us in prayer. A hundred women in Michigan, others in the Blue Mountains of Australia, in the villages of England and among the lakes of New Zealand, have joined this prayer league. Some of the high authorities whom I have approached are Christian men, and have been impressed by my statement:;; that these three hundred men and women really mean business.

Let no one think that the end of the War solves our problem in Oairo. We still need strenuous prayer for the men of the large standing anny that is left here. Only when the majority of the soldiers have departed shall we realize how far immorality has spread among the native population, yea, even to the young men who attend Christian churches! Let no one shrug his shoulders and say "To your tents 0 Israel; Cairo ought to be burnt up;" but rather "To your knees, 0 Christians," for God has "much people in this city."

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I!= Principals 6f War Applied to Missions I~= Iii Dr. Sherwood Eddy calls attention to Marshall Foch's !ii I lectures on the "Principles of War," as offering a striking I I parallel to the underlying principles of modern missions and ~ i~ the spiritual warfare of the Kingdom of God. The lessons are ~ I obvious. I I. Three Factors 01 Success. I ~~ ;!!; I~ i~ 1. MORALE-corresponding-to the spiritual life In the Church. iiii! Intellectual and Spiritual fitness are necessary. ~ I 2. :!~;:eLdi~!:~i~~~I~~ivi~I~;n~~~d ~sb:~:::~,toa~!~;ne~ I situations. I iI 3. PHYSICAL FITNESS. Moral and physical exhaustion leads III! =I;= to failure.

I II. Three Conditions 01 Victory. ~ Ii !§! ~ i~ii! 1. ADEQUATE PREPARATIONS. Study and plans should II come before the battle. A leap into the unknown is dangerous. .1I 2. CONCENTRATION. Forces must work together and attack I i IiIii in unison at a given point. Strategy is the art of using time I I;~;; and space. I ii 3. FREEDOM OF ACTION. All troops should be engaged. iii Every individual must do his part. Idleness is disgraceful. ii;§ Guard against surprise. =iii III. Three Tactical Rules. I= ;;;;; ~ Ii II!IiIi 1. A CLEAR OBJECTIVE. A reason for every move. Decide, II then act.

I;;;;; 2. A STRONG OFFENSIVE. There is a spiritual superiority in I=i the attacker:over the defender. There is no victory without I ~ II battle. Do not flee, charge! Ii L 3. A DECISIVE BATTLE. Expect victory. Have faith in God, in your cause and in the outcome. The victory is yours when iIi! you com jnce your opponent that his cause is lost.

The great omissi.on i.n these principles is the recognition of God's I part in the Campaign. He does not work according to human strategy ~iii but in superhuman ways. When we have done our utmost, our depen- dence I.S s11'11 on H1' m. I!Iii!!

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DRILLING IN IVORY AND MAKING MUKLUKS AT PORT CLARANCE

The Redemption of Alaska BY REV. S. HALL YOUNG, D. D., NEW YORK Author of "Adventures in Alaska," etc.

T o one who studies mission work in Alaska from detached accounts of travelers and missionaries-a sympathetic stud- ent, who sees all that there is of good in the natives and more-the work seems romantic and full of thrills, but to those of us who have labored long among the aborigines of the Northwest, the history of Christian progress has its discouraging phases as well as its triumphs.

The most valuable bit of advice I received when beginning my mission work in Alaska, more than 41 years ago, was from the chief factor of the Hudson Bay Co. located at Victoria, B. C. He was on the vessel when I made my first trip to Fort Wrangell, and I found him much interested in my mission. As we were nearing the wharf, upon which squatted a score of blanketed natives, most of them with faces blackened and tousled hair, he laid his hand upon my shoulder and said: "Let me give you a bit of advice. Don't become an Indian." I was nettled and I have no doubt my face flushed. Waving my hand towards the natives, I replied: 35

"Do you think I am in danger of becoming like those creat- ures ¥"

•• Now don't get mad!" he answered, "Let me tell yon some true stories."

Then he poured into my astonished ears a tale that seemed incredible about missionaries who had gone to different parts of British Columbia and Northern Canada, where they were cut off from association with white people, and who had gradually lost their pride in the cleanly and civjhzed habits of their kind, and had adopted the easy going, hand-to-mouth and often filthy habits of the natives. Later I grew to recognize this backward pulling influence as the most dangerous thing that meets the Alaskan missionary.

The Russian missionaries, who until very recent years had the most missions and the greatest number of followers of any Christian denomination at work in Alaska, yielded quickly and very fully to this downward influence of· the isolated life. The Russian priests were at first of pure blood, many of them from the aristocratic classes of Russia; and had Father Veniaminoff's devotion and zeal. But the isolated life and association only with natives proved too strong for them, and after forty years there were very few true Russians left among these priests. The great majority were of mixed blood and some of them grossly ignorant.

Most of them were hard drinkers. .

Of late years, in the great majority of these Russian Missions, about all that the Russian priests have done wa!? to visit the villages once or twice a year, baptizing the infants, consecrating the graves and collecting tithes, which the Eskimos and Aleuts regarded as the price of their soul's salvation. The natives in these places continued to live in the same filthy, squalid, unsanitary way, and in the old fashioned sod houses, under the shadow of the Russian Church; and believed in the same heathen superstitions as their forefathers, with absolutely no change in their way of living.

Such facts as these justify the statement that when our first missionaries reached Alaska there were 35,000 heathen natives in the Territory ",-.jth less than 200 white residents, and among them were practically no Christians.

There were four groups of these heathen natives in Alaska.

The first and most important were the natives of Japanese origin, found along the southeastern coast of Alaska-the Panhandle extending from Mount St. Elias to Dixon's Entrance. These na- tive~ spoke two languages, the Thlinget and the Hyda, the dia- lects of different tribes being quite diverse in each group. There were about 9,000 Thlingets, divided into thirteen or fourteen tribes, and about 1,000 Hydas. The Hydas occupied the southern part of Prince of Wales Island and the smaller islands of this south- 1920] THE REDEMPTION OF ALASKA 37 western shore. They were distinctly bC'tter formed, better looking and more advanced than the Thlingets.

All of these people lived in large community houses, built of split red cedar plank and gathered in villages. In front of the houses were tall totem poles. There were no roads in the whole archipelago, the villages all bordering on the sea and along the rivers, and the only conveyances being red or yellow cedar/" dugout" canoes.

YUKON INDIANS, RUBY. ALASKA They worshiped the spirits of the glaciers, mountains and sea, and more especially the spirits of their dead ancestors and medicine men. These medicine men were the law givers and virtual lords of the country, even the chiefs holding them in reverence. They practiced sorcery and the foundation of their system was the fatal belief in witchcraft. They tortured the witches and sometimes even burned them to death.

They learned from the United States soldiers, and from the Russians, to make rum out of black molasses, and were universally drunk and dissolute. They had many slaves, most of whom they had captured in raids down the Coast, as far as Puget Sound.

Of morals they had none, as we count morality. Marriage was a matter of barter. Intertribal wars were very frequent, and fear was upon the land. There was no organized gov,ernment, no courts, no civil officers, no protection of life or property, no means of punishing crime in all Alaska. Our first Protestant mis- sionaries had been there seven years before there 'was- a vestige of civil government in the Territory.

Owing to the fact that the Presbyterians were the first to enter the Territory and were almost the only Christian workers in Southeastern Alaska for many years, the Thlingets and Hydas are nearly all Presbyterian Christians. The Episcopalians have ,two small missions in Southeastern Alaska among the natives, while the Presbyterians have eleven large missions and as many branch missions in the Alexandrian Archipelago. Father Duncan's famous independent mission at Metlakahtla has become disor- ganized since his death, but the Presbyterian native missionary, Edward Marsden, is in charge of the religious work there. The Sheldon Jackson Institute at Sitka has been gathering the brightest youths from all the tribes, training the young men in useful trades and the young women in domestic science, nursing and school teaching.

There is a Government school in every tribe and village, entirely manned by Christian teachers, white or native. Few of the natives live now in community houses, but have built neat cottages where each family may live alone. They use the white man's furniture, implements, dress and food, and speak his language. Some of the native towns have cooperative stores, saw mills and salmon canneries. Their tribal customs and superstitions have almost faded away. Witchcraft and the medicine man are things of the past. They are Christians-civilized Christians. But much work remains to be done. It is impossible to change a dirty, ignorant savage in a few months or years into a cultivated Christian gentleman, but progress is being made. Of course, demoralizing influences are present. Evil whites have hindered the work as much as the ages of superstition and ignorance. But the United States will yet be' proud of her native Alaska citizens. The Church rejoices in their wonderful progress from the carnal to the spiritual.

Among the second group of Alaskan natives, the Tuksuk Indians who inhabit the whole Yukon Valley with its large tributaries, Christian work has been more difficult and the results less encouraging. These tribes are the only true Indians in Alaska. They are akin to the Crees, Sacs and Foxes of Interior British North America, and to the Apaches of Arizona. The Tuksuks are thinly scattered over their vast territory, and live in small villages of log huts, placed on the banks of streams up which the salmon come.

THE REDEMPTION OF ALASKA

The Church of England, which had missionaries at work among the natives of this Athabascan stock in Canada, had somewhat explored this Yukon country as far as Fort Yukon before Alaska was purchased by the United States, but they had not estab- lished any permanent missions on Russian soil. Abont 1880 the Roman Catholics sent Arch- bishop Seghers into· Alaska, who descended the Yukon and estab- lished missions at Nulato and Holy Cross. The Holy Cross Roman Catholic Mission has done very good work, and pre- sents a fine appearance to travel- ers descending the river on steamboats. There are large boarding schools for both boys and girls and an attractive farm where they can contribute to their support. The Episcopal Church also sent missionaries down the Yukon in the early eighties and missions have been AN ALASKIAN INDIAN BABY established at Eagle, Fort Yu- kon, Tanana, Nenana, Chena, Salcha, Anvik, St. John-in-the-Wilder- ness and qther points. Bishop Rowe and Archdeacon Stuck have been untiring in their efforts .to evangelize these Indians.

The third and, from an anthropological viewpoint, the most important of the Alaskan groups of natives, is the Eskimo. This strong maritime people inhabit the shores of Bering Sea and of the Arctic Ocean, and are found two hundred miles up the Colville, NQatak, Kobuk, Yukon, Kuskoquim and Nushagak Rivers. The Aleuts of the Aleutian Islands and the Alaska Peninsula are so closely akin to them that Stefanssen classes the two groups as one. These people are also found on the eastern shore of the Alaska Peninsula, on the Shumagin and Kadiak groups of islands, and a people at least closely akin to them are found on Cook's Inlet, Prince Williams' Sound and the Susitna and Copper River Valleys. All of these many tribes speak dialects of the same lan- guage.

The race is hardy, good natured, brave and naturally intelli- gent. The brave fight, which they are compelled constantly to

make against hard circumstances, has stiffened their moral as well as their physical fiber. They are eager to learn and by nature intensely religious. I have not heard of a case when the Eskimo turned away with distrust from C h r i s t ian missionaries when they first came among them.

Of the Protestant denomina- tions, the earnest and self-sacri- ficing Moravians were the first to heed the Macedonian call of the Eskimo. As early as 1789 their missionaries began to go on A CHRISTIAN INDIAN GIRL OF ALASKA revenue cutters or whaling boats to the region of Bristol Bay and Kuskoquim Bay. They established missions on the Kusko- quim River and near its mouth that have been carried on ·with. increasing power and influence ever since. One founded by them at Nushagak, on Bristol Bay, was given up on account of lack of funds and the opposition of the Russian Church.

There are no more devout and spiritually minded people any where in all that Northwest than the Moravians at Bethel, Qui.nhagak and other missions along .the lower Kuskoquim. Th(~ government teachers bear testimony to their high character and to the great progress they have made.

About 1890 the Congregationalists founded a mission at the large Eskimo village at the Point of Cape Prince of Wales on Bering Strait. This mission continues and, with its large herds of reindeer to provide a comfortable living for the people, its government schools to instruct them, and especially the religious teaching of faithful missionaries, has transformed this wind swept, bleak village into a model Christian community. During a trip to the Eskimo villages on opposite sides of Bering Strait I could not but contrast the filthy, degraded, lost, hopeless and dying Eskimo of East Cape, in Siberia (for whom no Christian work has ever been done) with the well kept houses, bright faces and cleanly Christian deportment of their brothers and sisters only forty miles distant at Cape Prince of Wales.

Preceding the Congregationalists, as early as 1887, the Swed- ish Evangelical Church and the Norwegian Lutherans established missions among the Eskimo of Unalaklik and Golofnin on Norton Bay, and Teller on Port Clarence. The Swedish Evangelicals also founded a mission among the Thlingets at Yakutat, at the base of Mt. St. Elias on the southeastern coast. Reindeer herds and

government schools have helped the faithful workers at these stations and, although the epidemic of measles in 1900-01 and of influenza last year have wrought terrible havoc, they' are making fine progress, often showing °a piety and comprehension of spiritual things that is astonishing to the visitor. The Congregationalists at Nome, and later the Methodists who succeeded to their work, have missions at Nome and Sinuk. The Presbyterians did work for a few years among these people at Teller and Council. 0 PAGAN CEREMONIES OF THE ALASKAN INDIANS On the Arctic shore the ]~riends have a prosperous mission at Cape Blossom on Kotzebue Sound, the Episcopalians at Point Hope and the Presbyterians at the extreme northwest point of the Continent, Point Barrow.

The latter mission is much the larger of the three. The settlement is pronounced by Stefanssen to have the largest number of Eskimos in it of any Arctic community anywhere. These three missions were all established in 1890 at the instance of Dr. Sheldon Jackson, then U. S. Superintendent of Education for Alaska.

In spite of the hard conditions of life and the very great difficulties of reaching these points with necessary supplies, building material and food, the spiritual work has advanced to a remarkable degree. The Presbyterian missionary at Point Barrow is a physican as well as a minister, and there is soon to be established at that point a large hospital to combat the dreadful disease of tuberculosis. At all these points in the Arctic the missionaries have taken such care of their natives that the epidemic of in-

fluenza which was so fatal in the Nome region and along the southern shore of Seward Peninsula passed by the Eskimo of the Arctic Alaska shore. An instance of vital Christianity is given by the Friend's missionary at Cape Blossom. The Eskimo in the vicinity of their mission, at the mouth of the KobUk and Noatak Rivers, are said to have adopted 250 orphans left desolate on the southern shore of Seward Peninsula by the deaths of their parents from influenza during the past year. These are but a few of the fruits of Christian teaching out of many like instances that might be given. "

At Unalaska, on one of the Aleutian Islands, is a large and successful mission of the Methodist Episcopal Church, where the native children are gathered into the Jessie Lee Home and trained in useful arts, as well as in the English language and vital Chris- tianity. The same kind of work is done by the Baptists on Wood Island, adjacent to" Kadiak, and this denomi.nation expects soon to enlarge its work among the natives north of that point.

Although the majority of the natives of Alaska have thus been reached by earnest Christian workers, whom they have al- ways welcomed and followed, yet there is still a considerable native population by whom the Gospel message has never been heard.

Dr. Claxton, Commissioner of Education at Washington, reported three years ago that there were at least 8,000 Eskimos in south- western Alaska, among whom there were no Christian missionaries or teachers. It is likely that this number of "heathen natives is diminished by about one half on account of the epidemic of in- fluenza. It is also probable that this loss of life could have been averted had the churches done their duty in the past by estab- lishing missions among these people.

Alaska is yet in its infancy. The diseases that too often accompany the advent of white men, such as tuberculosis, venereal diseases, measles and smallpox have made sad inroads upon the natives. The first census taken in 1880 reported 35,000 natives in the Territory; the' last census, that of 1910, reported but 25,000.

Among many of the Christianized tribes the pendulum is now swinging the other way and the population is increasing. The intelligence, prosperity, general civilization and Christianity of these natives among whom" the missionaries have been working have assuredly increased to a wonderful degree. Let the churches unite at once in an effort to carry the Gospel to the neglected places of Alaska by strengthening the missions already begun, and to work and pray so that these interesting peoples, so susceptible to Christian influence and so eager for the Gospel, may be helped up to the full stature of men and women in Christ Jesus.

ELIZABETH OF BELGIUM AND MRS. RALPH

The Belgian Gospel Mission*- A Result of Christian Work for Belgian Soldiers BY MRS. RALPH C. NORTON, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM O NE dark day in December, 1918, a Belgian military auto- mobile brought us to the threshold of the Hotel Astoria in Brussels. As we traversed the streets of the city, they seemed scarcely less sad than the desolate region of war wreck which we had left behind us in the country. Why did we come to this stricken land at the earliest possible moment, when only a military pass could gain us entrance ~ We had come at the • In a meeting of our Committee in America, called in Philadelphia a few days after the signing-of the armistice, we made a declaration of our intention to come to Belgium to continue there the work begun under God amongst the soldiers, and in counsel and prayer together the name, the BelQian Gospel Mi.ss1on was chosen to succeed the title of our earlier war work, tbe British and Allied Soldiers' Evan- J F. N. gelistic Campaign.-E.

43

bidding of the One who sent us out on London streets on a search for the soul of the Belgian soldier.

Today we look back with deep thankfulness to that which God has wrought. The work inaugurated in the Hotel Astoria has overflowed from the two small rooms until now we find ourselves in a large pleasant building in the heart of the city at 17 Rue du Gouvernement Provisoire.

We came to Brussels unknown, with no credentials but those supplied by the returning soldiers scattering to their homes throughout Belgium. A wonderful opportunity for service opened up at once. The Belgian Government, always kindly inclined toward us, permitted us to buy from their stores in Antwerp supplies of Quaker Oats, chocolate and condensed milk, and put at our disposal motor trucks for the distribution of these provisions" Thus we had the great privilege of giving to many little whitefaced children in the industrial regions of Belgium, when need was sharpest, their first taste of chocolate and milk after four long years of near starvation. On the Grande Place at Mons, ragged scarecrows of men and women fairly mobbed us in January, crying for monlels of chocolate for 'mes petits enfants.' Some of these experiences left ineffaceable scars upon our hearts.

In the late winter months supplies of clothing began to come from America, sent by our Amprican Committee of ladies. Now, at our own big house, we have a little cobbled court-yard, a roomy stone garage and stable, in one part of 'which our skilful concierge has constructed shelf after shelf to hold the Gospels and Testaments, Bibles and tracts which form our chief ,stock in trade; and in the other large room which was formerly used for the garage we keep our stores of food and clothing. We have sent many boxes to Protestant pastors for distribution among their people, but we follow usually the plan of having people come to us certain days to receive gifts of clothing.

What sort of folk are these who so gladly receive gifts from our hand ~ Madame Pierard is the, mother of seven, and only recently widowed. Her husband was a Christian worker with a mighty faith in God. He was killed through the explosion of a hand grenade which he had picked u~. We have given her shoes and underclothing for all her little family and when she comes to get these gifts there comes with her an old half-blind evangelist who carries the parcels home for her. He has been a cobbler in his time and though now nearly blind he repairs her children's shoes and walks two hours across the country to preach for the little flock that the going of her husband has left without a paEltor.

We have a staff of six workers, and others will be joining the Mission as soon as demobilization is completed-soldiers like Peter Van Koeckhoven, who will begin as colporteurs. One of the first

THE BELGIAN GOSPEL MISSION

IN FRONT OF T H E BEI,GrAN GOSP EL MISSI ON, BRUSSELS things we purpose is the bring'ing together of the members of the Ligue des Saintes Ecritures (Scripture League), of whom there are over fifteen thousand in the Belgian al'my at different centers in Belgium, for reunions, Bible study and prayer. Mr. Barnhouse has started a Bible Correspondence Course for these soldiers and many men are already enrolled.

A Bible Class for women meets in our building, and numbers about forty-five in attendance. When I suggested to these women a holiday in summer they.begged me not to discontinue the class' if it were not too much of a strain for me.

Perhaps our keenest interest centers in our Gospel meetings which take place each Sunday on the ground floor of our house, where we have seating space for over a hundred. Fortunately all our party are musical, and we have purchased an organ. ·Will not American friends pray that to these people-many of them unsaved-the Gospel may he brought with power and blessing, and that they may he led to cry out "What must I do to be saved 1" It is for that that we have come to Belgium, and we rejoice in many who .have already found Him in our private min-

istry; but we are looking for a real outpouring of the Holy Ghost upon these people and we pray that it may come soon. .

Weare working independently of other agencies in Belgium, but in entire accord with all those who believe in the atonement of Ohrist and in the authenticity of His Word. Never a day passes without visits from pastors and evangelists. Many come desiring to be employed by us and some who come do not return when they find how sharply defined is our evangelical position; but those who are standing for the whole truth, are rallying to us with gratitude and hearts of praise. Wle are constantly supplying these Belgian evangelists with Gospels and tracts for free distribution from our own large stores. We hope and pray that the glad light of the Gospel may be brought to thousands of homes in Belgium where as yet Ohrist is not known as Saviour and Lord.

BELGIUM BEFORE AND AFTER THE WAR.

When the waT broke out industry and commerce were flourishing in Belgium; trade in iron, steel, coal, flax and other products was extensive and profitable. Everywhere signs of prosperity and activity could be seen, but below the surface there were evidences of discontent, restlessness and irritation. There was a strained and distrustful relationship towards one another in all classes of society; class distinctions were sharply defined and unlovingly expressed; social, clerical and political affairs were hotly discussed in parliament and in the press. The Roman Catholic party had reached the zenith of its power and its influence, laws were made to favor that Church, while reform movements without her approval met with no success. The masses of the people were ignorant of Christian truths as taught in the Bible. Spiritual life was dormant or dead; religious wo'rk was artificial and party-spirited; education was superficial and sectarian; morality was at a low ebb. The country was nominally Roman Catholic but the majority of the people never availed themselves of her services. Many thousands were free thinkers o'r infidels. Such was the situation before the war.

What Belgium needs today is a new Reformation, a true revival of spiritual religion. The Church of Christ must declare in clear, unmistakable terms the doctrine of justification by faith; in the atoning work of Christ; the private study of the Bible as the inspired Word of God. The Christian Church, through humiliation and prayer the witness of earnest Christian living, may, in the mercy and grace of God, bring a revival of religion that would bring new life to the Belgian people.

There are already signs of improvement in the minds of the people as the direct consequence of the war. The priest has lost very much of his power over the people,while contact with the Protestants has enlarged the minds and changed the views of many Belgian refugees with regard to the Protestant religion. The people have .become much more serious minded and Bible colporteurs declare that they have never distributed so many Bibles .and religious tracts as at the present time. Many evangelical churches and chapels, which have been destroyed or damaged by the war, should be rebuilt as centers of evangelical influence.

A. WItLLESLlty FRATItR, M. A., Pastor of the Protestant Church at Courtrai.

A STREET SCENE IN GUAYAQUIL

The Garden Republic of South America A Picture of Ecuador and its Needs BY REV. W. H. RAINEY. CARACAS. VENEZUELA T HE traveller, weary of the parched, sandy, coast line of northern Chile and Peru, is charmed at the sight of the shores of Ecuador, covered with an exuberance of tropical vegetation. At the estuary of the river Guayas, the pilot is taken on board. As the ship ascends the stream, dense forests are observed on either hand; a little later on, some tracts of cleared land are passed, dedicated to the cultivation of the cocoa bean, one of the principal prod. ucts of Ecuador. On the left we pass the forest-clad island of Pumi, famous in pre-hispanic times as the abode of a proud and vicious king named Tumballa, who, in the words of the historian, "possessed many women and children, and offered blood and human hearts to his gods."

Two hours later pur vessel let fall her anchors in front of the port of Guayaquil. The first view of the city is picturesque, with clusters of houses along the front, backed by verdure-clad hills and the broad surface of the river beneath. The long series of white buildings, with curtained balconies, looking upon the water, give what may be described as a Venice-like aspect to the port. The town stretches for about two miles along the low banks; and the harbor, two and a half miles in length, exhibits considerable com- 47

mercial activity. Quaint looking narrow canoes and broad rafts bring down produce from the rivers, and mix among the steam- launches and sea-going steamers. From Guayaquil steam-boat connection is regularly maintained with the rich, agricultural dis- tricts of the Guayas fluvial system, the boats running up as far as Bodegas, eighty miles up the river of the same name. For smaller boats the aggregate length of navigation is about two hundred miles.

The population of Guayaquil is about 60,000, of which about 5,000 are foreigners. The principal articles of export are cocoa or chocolate beans, followed by rubber, coffee, tobacco, and "Panama" hats. The principal streets are broad and handsome thoroughfares, lined with brick buildings of three and four stories in height. However, outside of this small area the state of the city is lamentable; the buildings are flimsy structures of bamboo, often the canes are not placed closely together giving the place the appearance of a birdcage rather than a human habitation. In the houses of the poorer people there is usuall:; but one room, the' family sleeping on the floor or in hammocks' slung from the roofs. In the wet season, and here it rains torrentially, the streets are converted into rivers, and in some districts the water covers the lower floor of the houses. It is these unsanitary conditions that have given Guayaquil a world-wide reputation as a yellow-fever center and as a death-trap to Europeans.

TWo missionary societies are working in Guayaquil-the Ecuador Coast Mission. represented by the Rev. W. Reed: and the Kansas Gospel Union, under the charge of the Rev. W. Woodward. Unfortunately both these missions are poorly equipped, and have their halls in suburbs remote from the center of the city. Thus they have been able to reach but a small part of the population.

Guayaquil is also the center of the Ecuador work of the British & Foreign Bible Society. From here, the colporteur, Senor Zoilo Irigoyen, reaches the towns on the Guayas river system, and on the Guayaquil-Quito Railway. For many years he has done faithful service and has circulated a good number of Scriptures in spite of the pestilent climate and the illiteracy of the people. His special field is the "malecon," or system of docks along the river front. Here he bQards daily the steamers that leave for the interior, visiting the numberless villages along the banks of the rivers which flow into the estuary of the Guayas. Moreover, beside the regular traffic of the steamers, there is a large floating population on the river, living in canoes and on rafts, many coming from the far interior for trading purposes. Some of these primitive craft return, bearing a copy of the Word of God to give light in deepest darkness to some .houses in the crocodile and fever-haunted marshes of central Ecuador.

ICt CUAM stLLER IN

49

During my stay in Ecuador Mr. Reed and myself accompanied Sr. Irigoyen on a journey up the river Guayas as far as Bodegas. On another occasion I accompanied Mr. Reed to Duran, where the workshops of the. Guayaquil-Quito R. R. are situated. After a preliminary open-air service, we adjourned to a little hall, which the workmen had rented and fitted-up at their own expense, and preached the Gospel to some seventy persons. Quietly and reverently they listened to the Good News, and we felt that here were those who fulfilled the condition of the fourth Beatitude.

It was now my desire to make the journey across the Andes to Quito, the capital, but I found it no easy matter to leave Guayaquil. Yellow-fever was rife in the town, while bubonic plague had broken out in the interior and the people were panic-stricken, and it was not easy to get the sanitary pass without which travel was impossible. However, a few days later, all difficulties overcome, I found myself sitting in a carriage of the Quito train. I was now on historic ground, full of jnterest to the student of missions, following in the footsteps of David Thomson, Luke Matthews, and other heroic pioneers.

On leaving Guayaquil the train follows the windings of the river, on the banks of which crocodiles may sometimes be seen basking in the sun; then it turns north and traverses a dense tropical forest where the humming of myriads of insects E/-mounts almost to a roar, and brilliantly colored butterflies and birds are seen fluttering from palm to palm. Then the train begins to ascend and by mid-day we arrive at Huigra, 4,000 feet above sealevel, and therefore above the yellow-fever zone. The progre~s is now continually upward, through ever changing belts of vegetation. By 6 :30 the convoy pulls up at Riobamba, (9,020 feet), where we spend the night. Riobamba is a dreary little town of about 12,000 inhabitants, surrounded by barren grey hills, and presents no animation except on a Sunday when thousands of gaily dressed Indians flock in from the surrounding country to sell the products of their farms. Missionary work is represented here by two lady workers of the Kansas Gospel Union, who frequently take their stand in the market-place and sell copies of the Scriptures. Frequently they are insulted; several times they have been stoned; but they persist in their endeavor to make Christ known. At night I addressed a small gathering at their house, and, as I left the meeting, one of the great volcanoes which surround the to·wn, Tunguralma, by name, suddenly became active. All through the night at frequent intervals, the volcano thundered, and next morning the sky was darkened and ashes began to fall over an area of nearly one hundred miles.

The following morning we were astir early. for the train left at day-break. From Riobamba right to Quito, a distance of

THE GARDEN REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AMERICA

180 miles, there is no mission work at all, the population being entirely dependent on the visits of peripatetic Bible-sellers, who are to them true messengers of the Word of God. At 11 0 'clock the train draws up at Latacunga, where we alight and lunch under the shadow of giant Cotopaxi. Evidences of volcanic activity are everywhere visible; even the houses are made of pumice stone, which gives the town a sad grey appearance. In pre-historic times Latacunga was a great city and possessed a celebrated temple to Suq, as well as a royal palace. It is said to be near here that the Indians hid the remainder of the gold which had been gathered to complete the ransom of Atahualpa, when the news arrived of the tragic death of this unhappy monarch. In recent times many expeditions have set out in search of this hidden treasure but have in every case returned quite unsuccessful.

By 3 0 'clock we were in sight of Quito-Quito the Beautifulas it is called by its inhabitants. One who has seen other cities can hardly call Quito "beautiful," although it contains buildings worthy of any modern city. It is illuminated with electric light and has a good service of street cars. The capital of Ecuador has been called the city of "seventy churches and one bath," but although sanitary conditions have been improved during the last few years they are still far from ideal. Quito is situated at an altitude of 9,500 feet, and the climate is "perpetual spring," yet the death-rate reaches 36 per thousand. In the evening the temperature is rather low than high, and overcoats, or "ponchos" are extensively worn, the former being a sign of socia] distinction.

Quito is full of churches. Some of them have beautifully carved facades, and are filled with gold and silver ornaments. The most beautiful is that of the Jesuits, which is also notable as containing the tomb of General Flores, "the Father of his Country," as the Eucador,eans love to call hjm.

The Christian and Missionary Alliance of New York has a work in Quito in charge of -the Rev. Charles Polk. On Sunday night I addressed this congregation, together with that of the Seventh Day Adventists, who combined for the occasion. The congregation, although not large, was very representative of the different grades of society, varying from the newspaper editor, to the little ragged Indian child. For in Quito "all sorts and conditions of men" may be seen, from the gentleman in frock coat and silk hat, to the stolid Quichua in his multi-colored "poncho," and the almost naked Indian from the hot forest region of Archedona. It is in its people that the chief interest of Quito consists, rather than in its buildings, or geographical situation.

During my stay in Quito I visited all the principal booksellers to ascertain if they had the Bible on sale. At last I found a shop that had on its shelves one copy of the Scio version in

Spanish and Latin, price 58 sucres, nearly $30 gold, and two copies of the New Testament in Greek and Spanish, for which they asked $2.50 each, and I have no fear of falling into error when I say that in all Quito, a town of 80,000 inhabitants, there were on sale only these three copies of the Word of God, apart from the stock of our Bibles in the hands of the evangelical missionaries. If it were not,for the Bible Societies, the Bible would be even less known today in South America than it was in Europe in prereformation times.

The total number of foreign missionaries working in Ecuador is stated by the Panama Congress statistics to be twelve, with an additional force of seven native workers; but evidently the missionary force in the country has been sadly depleted since the figurto were collected, for the. total force of Christian workers is today very much less than the figures given. However, presuming them to be correct, how insufficient is a staff of nineteen workers among a scattered population of one and one-half millions, not including the numerous forest tribes of Indians inhabiting the vast territory to the east of the Andes.

During my twelve years' missionary service in Latin America, I have obtained at least some first-hand knowledge of conditions in all the South American republics-except Paraguay, and of all these varied lands, Ecuador apw'als to me as the most needy, the most difficult in which to work all'! vp~ not the least open to the Gospel message. The Constitu… gWll'H n!peS religious liberty, the power of the Roman Catholic Cnurch is curtailed, and, on the Coast, a fine liberal spirit prevails. The "sierra, ". with Quito the capital, is still under the shadow of a corrupt and mediaeval form of Catholicism, but even here there are signs of progress, and at least the intellectual classes are willing to listen.

Quito badly needs at least two married Protestant missionaries, and a primary school. Native pastors should be placed at Latacunga alid Ambato, towns of from 10,000 to 15,000 inhabitants on the Guayaquil-Quito Railway, and supervised from the Capital. Guayaquil also needs two missionary families and a school. Many river-side towns and villages, could easily be worked from here. Then Cuenca, the intellectual center of the country, with a university and a population of 30,000, should be occupied by at least one foreign missionary with special gifts for work among the cultured classes.

"The harvest truly is plenteous but the laborers are few." "Pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest, that he will send forth laborers into his harvest." Thes:e words seems to me to apply with special force to a country such as Ecuador; open to the Church of Christ, yet neglected and unoccupied.

A Non-Denominational Community

Amherst Community Church, College Hall, Snyder, New York This church was started four years ago. The Pastor and Director is the Rev. R. Carl Stoll. There are about 1,200 in the community, and the Church, started with a memberslrip of 100, has now 300 members. There is only one other church (a Lutheran) in the community. The membership of the Amherst Church includes Methodists, Baptists, Congregationalists, Presbyterians and fourteen other denominations. The basis of fellowship is not a creed but a covenant, which reads as follows: "Thankful for God's abundant goodness and for His great gift of salvation through Jesus Christ our Lord, we covenant and agree together to seek to know and to do His 'Vill, and to promote, as far as we can, the interests of Christ's Kingdom.

"Accepting the Bible as our supreme standard of faith and duty, the Holy Spirit as our Guide and Comforter, and heartily believing in the province of private judgment in the interpretation of the Scriptures, we covenant together to recognize as Christians and worthy of our fellowship all who devoutly love the Lord Jesus Christ and accept His standard of teaching and conduct as set forth in the New Testament.

"Realizing that the success of the Church depends upon the con- secration of its individual membership, we covenant together to attend the services of the church, to contribute according to our means for its support, to labor together to maintain its peace and harmony and, as far as possible, in every way to promote its temporal and spiritual welfare."

The mode of baptism (sprinkling, pouring or immer- sion) is It'ft to the choice of each candidate. The Lord's Suppt'r is open to all who have a desire to follow Christ.

The church services include a morning preaching ser- vice, a church school and an eVEning service of r,;ong and social fellowship for young people. This latter service begins with religious music and ends with popular songs.

The annual budget was la~t year about $7,000. The salaried workers include: the pafitor-director and the office secretary who is also gymnasium director.

Gifts for benevolencE'S are appropriated to any object in which the people take an intt'rest. The aim of the ·"church·-is to givf' a::: much for othf'Yr,; m~ is spent on the community work.

The Church server,; as a commullity center to furnish wholesome recreation for the people, and about 90% of the community are touched III this way.

53

MISSIONARY EXHIBITS AT LANCASTER

A WORLD MISSIONARY

AND HOW WE DID IT Time: Three days (Nov. 6, 7 and A representative of the National 8.) Y. W. C. A. Commission, who re- cently toured the Orient in the inter- Place: Lancaster, Penna. ests of women and children, was also Selling: Y. M. C. A. Building. in attendance and imparted valuable Participants: Representatives fro m information in this line. every Evangelical Church in the City. Organization: Chairman. Secretary. Exhibits were open and free to the One key-woman appointed for each de- public during the day until eightnomination. Key-woman Committees; as thirty, at which time the Auditorium large as they saw fit. program of lectures, pageants, lan- tern slides and missionary hymn Working Funds: None. singing was presented. Object: Missionary education, (not entertainment) . Some of the distinctive features were as follows: Exhibits: An exhibit represented a mission field or nation; and was assigned Tea served by a native mother and to the respective denomination who had child in the China exhibit. attained considerable success therein. Japanese national airs and songs by a Curios: Solicited through the medium native, in Japan exhibit. of local papers and personal visits.. A unique collection. (Not one item of the Serving of native breakfast dish in entire fifteen hundred and ",ighty-six ex- Africa exhibit. hibits or curios was secured outside of Lancaster County.) Real Japanese rice served with chop- sticks in Japan exhibit. Free Literature: Supplied by the various denominational boards and generously Camouflage prescriptions distributed in distributed. medical mission room.

Expenses: Paid from free-will offer- Zenana scene at f.requent intervals in ings made at the evening Auditorium the India exhibit. events. Striking posters, presenting concrete This entire affair was planned and mission facts and information were everyexecuted within the brief pe~iod of three week s. I twas t he speC.lalm'ls- whe-e in evidence. sionary feature of the Religious edu- Through the medium of impersonations, ..:ation Committee program for 1919 short talks, dialogues and demonstrations and 1920 of the local Y. W. C. A. the many and great needs of mission Nine rooms and one large hall, work in all fields was most strikingly po'- trayed, and the visitor in going the also the Auditorium were utilized rounds was edified with a constant suc- cession of features and facts as they for the exhibits and programs. The passed from one exhibit to another.

exhibits occupying the rooms repre- In the medical exhibit room one of our fi ld C.h'ma, townswomen told the story of leprosy in sente d the of 11ow.mg s: such a compelling manner that a small e bowl placed on a table contained at the Africa, India, North American In- end of the third day enough money to dian, Mexico, South America, the SUPPO"t one leper for a whole year. The entire scene was truly cosmopoli- Moslem World, Japan and Medical Missions. tan. for despite the fact that various countries had their respective locations Five adults and five child·ren, re- in the building, a Mexican beggar was seen at times rubbing elbows with Chinese turned missionaries on furlough from maidens, in their bright-hued coats, while Persia, India, Japan and China were >l. shy Moslem woman conversed with a dark-~kinned native of India and a in constant attendance at their re- ~pectt. ve .. . . roJapanese lady was paying her respecti iln- In-dian squaw, exhIbIts, lectuTlng, expla1l1mg, instructing and demonstrahng.

S~ "'-.._.__ _

The exhibit was developed for the field for the year, e. g., China, Lat.in community, and was strictly inter- America, Negro Africa; or, on one denominational. That it accom- topic, e. g., Islam, Hinduism, Indus- plished its object seems evident from trialism, the Conservation of Human a remark made by a local divine, who Life (Medical Missions).

stated as he left the building, "that Operation. The full schedule runs enough mission facts, conditions and for eight months-usually from Oc- needs had been presented to him tober 1st to June 1st. On the first during his brief visit to supply him Sunday the pulpit deals with the with data for six months of sermon- year's theme in popular introductory izing." fashion. At the close of the year of Missions have had a new interpre- study an appropriate pageant of two tation to this community and we or more days' duration is presented.

hope that many other communities Preliminaries. To save space, we will try to use the same medium. will here deal only with one depart- MRS. C. N. McHoSE, ment concerned, that is, the Sunday- Chairman. school. The various parts of the program are placed in the hands of MISSIONARY EDUCATION AND THE a competent director, or a committee LOCAL PARISH on Religious Education. Some John Clark Archer months in advance of the inaugura- Department of Missions, Yale tion of the program a bulletin should University be issued to the teachers and officers: (a) Setting forth the plan in gen- Missionary education, from the lo- eral for the year.

cal point of view, should include the (b) Suggesting preparatory read- whole parish. A program of studies ing.

and methods should not be of so ( c) Indicating methods of class rigid a character as to deprive local work and ways of coordinating regu- users of their own initiative or pre- lar Bible lesson materials with ma- vent the full use of home resources. terials of missionary education.

One of the chief merits of any pro- The preliminarv. reading is mainly gram must be its adaptability to local from books in the small reference situations. library from which most of the in- In the plan suggested here the structional matter will be drawn.

initial point of view is the whole lo- Bulletins which are· the backbone cal parish. This plan calls for an of the program are issued monthly.

inventory of resources and then seeks The first is ready to pres.ent and from outside sources whatever is discuss at a preliminary teachers available to supply its needs. meeting, or when the plan is actually The following plan has been car- launched. These monthly bulletins ried out under various conditions in cover all the lessons used by the the past five years, and is now in va'rious classes from the Tunior De- operation in a New Haven parish. partment up, and furnish 'illustrative Scope. The whole parish is in- missionary materials for use in the cluded with particular attention to regular Bible lesson. The bulletin young peoples' organiz.ations, the references are graded according to mid-week meeting of the church and the needs of the departments and with special emphasis on the Sunday- are of consecutive cha'racter, as far school. Place is left for the co-oper- as possible. While the missionary ation of the missionary societies and materials used in one lesson do not for the formation of mission study bulk large, the cumulative effect is classes. very marked. The whole school is Study Themes. The best results being directed in several months'

come from a concentration on one study of one theme.

BEST METHODS

An extract from a department bul- dertaking. It is not narrow and dogmatic, but an experience and exletin for one week looks about as hib!tion of the widest sympathy. Its mam purpose, however, is to win the follows: world to Christ.

(Dept.) (Year) (Class) (No.) (Date) (Lesson Title) (Suggestion of point in lesson at which to introduce missionary ma- SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUP OR- GANIZA'I'ION terials.) (An actual paragraph of material, The Group Plan of the New Era Movement of the Presbyterian Church or references to paragraphs, pages or offers such great possibilities for every church that the REVIEW has chapters in books or magazines avail- asked Dr. Barclay Atchison to pass i~ on to thousands of other congregaable to the teacher. These refer- tIons.

ences beaT in mind the grade of the 1?here are two views of a congre- gatIOn. Some pastors rega'rd their pupils, or depend on the teachers for chuTch membership as their field of labor. The New Era organization proper adaptation.) within the church should transform the membership from a drain upon (Reference to general or special t?e pastor's ~nergy to an organiza- tion. led by hIm, capable of ca:-rying expressional activity.) Chnst's Message to every individual within the parish. hach teacher is given references There are at least two great reafor a month or they might be sup- sons for organization within the parish. In the face of the great plied the whole year's at once. world crisis of today, in the face of the challenge before us, the Church The monthly meeting of officers and needs all of its resou:-ces. The dif- fe~ence between a reeling, emotionteachers furnishes opportunity to dis- dnver; m.ob and an efficient army is cuss problems and methods and to orgamzatlOn.

improve the program. The second reason for organization is the need of the church members Such a plan leaves room-indeed theJ?selves for an outlet or oppor- tumty to express their -religious lives. provides a real background-for We cannot grow spiritually any more than we can physically without exerbrief missionary addresses, special cising our faculties.

programs, and intensive courses of As to the methods of organization, only a word can be said. study for stated periods, etc. It is plia~le enough for any circumstances, and serves to coordinate the varied methods and materials which rightly fall within the year's effort.

At the very beginning there is need of a survey of the local field, of taking stock of available re- sources. The coming year's Bible lessons are scanned and brought be- fore each teacher as a unit. A small reference library is acquired. The teachers do some preliminary reading and familiarize themselves with the method of handling materials. All ~he time, outside resources are used, such as occasional speakers, mission- I. We approach a church through the ary fiction and missionary pamphlets, regular channels. The program is programs and pictorial illustrations. ~rst prepared by the presbyterY.in Aims. Its general scope, then remodeled 1. Instruction. An adequate knowl- . and adapted by .the presbyterial edge of the field. committee, and, in this final form 2. Expression. To support mis- brought by the pastor before the session for consideration.

sions by various ways, includ- We recommend that the session call ing lifeseTvice. the trustees and deacons into a Systematic missionary education is council and if thought beafdovriesabtlhe~ that the matter be laid a very attractive and profitable un- whole congregation.

II. After this careful consideration by 5. Twenty copies of "Day by Day" dis- officers and congregation, the first tributed and Fa11l11y Altars estab- step'is the appointment of a com- lished. mittee of seven. This is a func- tional committee carrying down to 6. Sunday-school greatly enlarged: fifteen the various organizations within the teachers, all members. :hurch the suggestions that orig- inate with the seven functional de- 7. Young people's conference in moun- partments of the New Era National tains: thirty-six attended for ten days. Organization that have been chan- neled down through the distr-ict These are some results. But look hereI secretaries, presbyterial committees Next year we will pay $500 toward the and then to parish committees, for support of an associate minister who will the sake of adaptation to peculiar handle our outlying work in the county. We will probably also undertake to sup- local conditions. port a missionary. III. The whole parish should next be di- Tonight we "kick off" on a drive for vided into areas. In the case of a $10,000 to build a community house with city or village a certain number of playroom, reading room, gym and swim- blocks can be apportioned to the 11Iing pool. It is sure to go through in group leaders. In rural communi- fine shape. Have three $l"qOO subscrip- tions and si.r or eight for ~OO. All this ties, certain areas. in a town which had a damaging flood Group leaders are appointed for these last year and has had three crop failures in succession to contend with. Our areas for the sake of supervision. church will direct and own the Commun- A first-class group leader may be- ity House. come almost as valuable as an as- sistant pastor. His duties should be I feel next :year will be one of great blessing for us. I am finishing my a. To know every church mem- fifth year here next month. Found twen- ber living within his area. ty-nine members who paid $1,000 salary. Have now one hundred forty-one who pay b. To know every member of the me $1,900, congregation within his area. I am aNew Era enthusiast. c. To know every unchurched man, woman or child within PRAYER AND CONVERTS his area. By George A. Huutley, M. D., Oberlin, He (the group leader) should be chiefly a man who can deal with Ohio people, furnishing in the councils of the church that intimate knowl- During the Christmas vacation, edge of the parish that is needful 1886, I was preaching at a small for the execution of any plan. Baptist Church in the West of Eng- land. At the close of the morning IV. This simple organization, if it would service, a young school teacher, who be successf'Ul, must have monthly was aware of my keen interest in round table meetings. These round foreign missions, requested me to table meetings are opportunities for join with her in praying that God reports, thus fixing the responsi- would give a hundred converts on bility for the laying and making of the Congo before mid-summer day. plans, thereby bringing all of the organization resources to bear upon I reminded her that that was a their execution and for mutual ex- big prayer, for although the Bap- change 0 f ideas and understanding. tist Missionary Society had been working on the Congo for fully ten Just as fire burns when the sticks are years there had been practically no brought together, so the organiza- visible results. Many lives had been tion takes life from its monthly laid down, Hartland, Doke, Butcher, gatherings. Comber and others had made the supreme sacrifice, but converts were What the plan is accomplishing in practically nil. To pray for onp. hundred converts within six months local congregations is suggested by seemed like praying for the impos- sible, but "all things are possible to the following letter from a Montana him that belh~veth" and with Mat- thew 18:19 before us we covenanted pastor: together to pray thus, definitely for You asked me to write about our progress in New Era Work. May I put it briefly in statistics? 1. Church additions will total 100 for this year: 100 per cent increase, 2. New Era benevolence will total $1,400: our quota $400. 3. Twelve men' and fourteen women studyin!?, "Money the Acid Test." 4. Men's B,ble Class. Nl!'IJer had one be- fore.

1920"] BEST METHODS

God's blessing upon the work up till but considered that it would be then attended with so much danger wrong to take a collection at such and discouragement. a moment. Some with emotions deeply stirred may perhaps give Long befoTe mid-summer GDd's more than they ought, while others Spirit was outpoured upon the may give less than they ought. He Church at San Salvador and there gave the Mission's address and re- was a great ingathering. I believe quested his audience to go home and the actual number baptized was one pray, "Lo'.:-d, what wilt Thou have hundred and one. me to do?" If after that they de- sired to contribute to the work they It is significant that when Elijah could use the mail or call in person. on the top of Mount Carmel prayed for rain, after many intercessions Next day there came a letter to the and much waiting there came "a office of the China Inland Mission little cloud out of the sea, LIKE A from the chairman of the meeting, MAN'S HAND." Why like a man's admitting that on the previous even- hand? I do not know, unless it was ing he was inclined to be irritated at to show that man had a hand in the Mr. Taylor's persistence, but as re- coming of the showers which were quested he went home and prayed so soon to fall upon the parched about it and now enclosed a check land. for one hundred pounds; and added that if the collection had been taken We need more pair meetings as he desired his contribution would which become prayer meetings. "If have been a nve pound note.

two of you shall agree on earth as r heard Mr. Taylor relate this intouching anything that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my cident at a small gathering of mis- Father which is in Heaven." siona'ry workers in London many years ago. PRAYER AND MISSION FINANCE TITIDNG METHODS In the early days of the China Inland Missiop, Mr. Hudson Taylor, its FiTst Methodist Episcopal Church, founder, was asked to address a Cleveland, 0., Dr. E. L. Waldorf, larg-e missionary gathering at Exeter pastor, has a notable record in the Hall, London. The invitation was stewardship of service, life and accepted on the distinct understand- money, covering the past four years. ing that no collection should be taken. The membership has increased The historic hall was packed with from 600 to 2,100 members, with ackeenly interested hearers who were cessions each Sunday but three dU'!'ing stirred to the -depths as the speaker the entire period. pleaded China's spiritual needs and claims. The benevolences have been multi- plied by five. Five hundred tithers At the close of the address. the have been secured. The Centenary chairman of the meeting insisted that quota of $95,000 for the next five Mr. Taylor forego his condition that years was over subscribed, and there should be no offering. He reached a total of $207,000 for that went on to state that the people were period. so moved that some would be glad to give even their jewelry for so Thirty young people offe:-ed themgreat a cause. It would be a mis- selves for specific Christian service. take not to give opportunity at so Two of them are now on mission psychological a moment. fields and four are ministers of the Gospel. Mr. Taylor, in his quiet, inimitable way insisted that the condition These results have been made pos- .should be observed, was glad that sible by tre1ting a growing atmosthe people were stirred about thei::- phere which is more powerful than responsibility to Christ and to China, argument, by a recognition that life

is not in compartments but must be lives wisely by holding before them served as a whole; and by careful in a study class the world needs, the organization, so that no one in the home needs, and the qualities essenchurch is overfed and underworked. tial for Christian service. The membership is divided into forty groups of fifty members each. Each This four-fold program underlies group serves a mid-week supper the multifarious activities of the once during the yea';: at 25 cents per church and has resulted in quickenplate. The supper is followed by ing the people mentally and spiritu- ally, and in making it possible to study classes. mobilize quickly any of them or all Each group is divided into four of them for concrete service.

committees, with twelve members on Could the story. be told of particua committee. The forty Intercession lar incidents showing the beneficent Committees develop Intercession working of this program on inplans for the church and are respon- dividual lives it would furnish wonsible for the personal workers' train- derful inspiration and reveal victories ing class. The forty Tithing Com- and triumphs most beautiful and mittees inspire the people to tithe worth while. We must mention the and are responsible for the Mid- man who was dividing a one dollar Week Bible Study Class.. The forty gift each Sunday between the current Education Committees circulate the expense and the benevolence sides of church literature and maintain a his church envelope, who now puts Current Events Discussion FO'rum in $20 a week on the current expense side and $60 per week on the benevoan effort to apply the Gospel to lence side. And the young idler who present day .problems. The forty was shirking every responsibility who is now an enthusiastic minister of an Life Service Committees, secure the active church in a difficult field. enrolment of voung people for special service and help them to invest their Eternity Longer Than TIme* SELECTED BY MISS BELLE M. BRAIN In 1896 Doctor Ida Kahn and Doctor Mary Stone, two young Ohinese girls were graduated from the University of Michigan and soon after began their work for their sisters in Ohina, pointing them to the Great Physician who is able to make them every whit whole~ "I am glad you are going back as a doctor," said a lawyer in America to Doctor Ida shortly before they left. "Doctors are more needed than missionaries."

"No, sir," she replied, "I do not think so. Eternity is longer than time."

Though zealous in their profession, these Ohinese Ohristian doctprs feel that the soul is even more important than the body, .and the great purpose of their faithful ministration to the sick arid weary bodies of their sisters in Ohina is to lead the sin-sick soul to the Great Physician. ….:..-_._._.- ~ ,.~. Adapted ofrfomM. is"sCiohnisn.a'sWNeeswt ,MDeadyi"ordb.y Isaac Taylor Headland.. Tke Central Committee on the United ..~tldy Mass.

Woman's Home Mission

Edited by Florence E. Quinlan, etc.

DAY OF PRAYER FOR MISSIONS be widely distributed. They are now ready and may be secured, free, from February 20, 192[1 the denominational women's boards.

"TOGETHER" is the keyword of A CALL TO PRAYER the present area. We have wit- "The World to Christ We Bring nessed nations accomplishing mighty things together,-things impossible if Will you Pray attempted separately. We have also seen the conquering power of a That all Christian women may respond united front attacking the citadels of to this Call to Prayer and meet in cities, sin. Councils and federations have towns and villages, Hmorning, noon, or in been born and waxed strong. An in- the evening," to ask God's mercy upon ternational mind and interdenomi- the troubled and confused nations and national vision have come into being. His blessing upon His servants as they The line of demarcation between seek to bring the world to Christ; Jerusalem, Judaea, Samaria and the uttermost part of the earth is fast That the women who have in their ceasing to be a line of cleavage. care the preparation and plaus for the meetings may have clear vision and loving For many years, missionary so- zeal as they con~er together; cieties have been observing, interdenominationally, a Day of Prayer That all the Christian women of our for Foreign Missions and a Day of land may strive to promote all agencies Prayer for Home Missions. Now, and organized effort looking towards the at last, together the thanksgiving, development of the spiritual resources of petition and intercession for home the Church of Christ and the purification and foreign missions will arise. The of our national life. first Friday in Lent has been chosen by the Federation of Woman's Prayer Boards of Foreign Missions and the Council of Women for Home Mis- "Behold what manner of love Thou sions for the annual observance of hast bestowed upon us, our Father, that this united Day of Prayer. we should be called Thy children. We thank Thee for this precions relationship. Together these two organizations We thank Thee for the sense of pardon, have prepared a program for Feb- for the peace and power and joy and Tuary 20, 1920, based on the happily- knowledge of Thyself which comes to us inspired theme "The World to Christ when we walk as Children of Light an!! We Bring." Copies may be secured, remember our Father's commandments to one cent each, Hom the various de- do them. nominational women's boards, home and foreign, the Council of Women "Forgive us, 0 God, that we so often for Home Missions, 156 Fifth Ave- and so easily forget. Forgive us if the nue, or Miss M. H. Leavis, West memory of the great war fails to lead us ::fedford, Mass., agent for the Feder- to a deeper devotion to Thy service. ation. This program will be ready Save us, we beseech Thee, from falling and on sale January 1. "A Call to back into easy and trivial ways of living Prayer," a two-page card, contains when the needs of a suffering world cry topics for preliminary, preparatory to us for help. prayer. This card, a portion of which is given below, fits an O'rdinary "Lord. touch my heart and the hearts correspondence envelope, and should of hosts of women who claim to be Thy children with the same divine pity which moved Jesus with compassion for the multitudes. Let these coming weeks for us be a time of preparation for a united effort to make this a better world at home and abroad. Bless especially all mission- aries of the Cross of Christ and give unto them their heart's desire.

"Remind us daily of Christ; assure us that nothing is impossible to faith. Keep 61

up prayerful and obedient. Show us the II. A poster bearing the title of the shame and folly of living unto self, and paragraph on page 108, "Enrichment the joy of being laborers together with of America," may show a list of ilour risen and glorified Lord. So bless us lustrious names of our foreign born and make us a blessing, for His sake, citizens with photographs of some Amen." notable ones. "World's Work" and "Review of Reviews" will be found All boards are urged to bring the helpful in preparing such a poster. matter befoTe their constituencies as widely as possible; speakers and III. A demonstration-"Path of Progress" leaders are asked to announce the -may be shown on a raised platunited Day of Prayer for Missions, form or long table, each helpful and to impress upon women every- agency being represented by a where that each feel a responsibility, miniature brick of paving stone if no one else is taking the initiative, placed by one who describes the to call together women of all denomi- work of that organization. "The nations in the local community by Americanization Bulletin" gives such January 15 to plan for the obse:"v- information. ance of the Day of Prayer; and pastors are requested to insert a notice IV. A chart called "Rules of the Road" in church bulletins and to call atten- could summarize the guiding printion from the pulpit for at least two ciples of Christian Americanization, Sundays before the Day of Prayer, such as: that we may all be together "with I. Turn to the right when meetone accord in prayer and supplica- ing traffic. (Don't turn away tion" on that day. from the crowds of foreign born.) SUGGESTIONS ON THE BOOK 2. In case of accident stop and se- cure facts. (If there is trou- "Christian AInericanization, A Task for ble in a foreign community, try to understand the reason.) the Churches" 3. Drive with special care in crowded tho r 0 ugh far e s. By Eva Clark Waid (Study racial animosities and their remedies.) Chapters V and VI 4. Blow your horn at chnrch cor- Progress and Purpose of Christian ners where the view is ob- Americanizati@n. Thus may we char- structed. (Awaken the church acterize the last chapters of our to her duty in Americaniza- Home Mission textbook, and, as we tion.) have studied in p,evious articles the perception of our task and the diffi- 5. .clearly displav your license culties of our task, we may in Chap- numbers. (Have churches ters V and VI, study the perform- op en ed and Iighted, an d a ance of "a task for the churches." welcome ready.) Each chapter may be considered 6. Use special care in school from three standpoints: t~e pictorial, streets. (Realize the value the program, the practical; and the::-e- of public schools and help in bv a variety of uses is made possible. their enterprises.) Chapter V-"The Path of1 Progress"- This chart could be explained with could be considered pictorially as follows: illustrative incidents or the "Rules" could be interlined. I. Place upon a burlap screen or against a wall three groups of pictures V. A map of the local community or a showing the development of the copy of the Interchurch Survey map immigrant from his landing at Ellis of the region could be displayed and Island to his present position as an explained, showing the agencies of American. "World Outlook," Wom- help and progress. en's Home Missienary Magazines, "Everyland," and "National Geo- The program treatment of chapter graphic Magazine" will supply ma- terial. V might well take the form of analysis, argument, anecdote. Give a c1ea'r view of the whole chapter in a concise analysis, preferably placed on chart or blackboard. Follow with arguments for and against certain points suggested in the analysis; fo:"

instance, "Is discontent a hopeful symptom of progressive Americaniza- tion?" "Are public forums a help

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

in Americanization?" "Can foreign the Council of Women for Home language clwrches assist the progress Missions for 50 cents. This set of, of Americanization?" "What agency posters can be used to illustrate the does most for Americanization ?" paragraph on page 134, "New na- tional morale."

"Is religious tolerance needed in our II. Secure original posters by a contest, newer immigrant communities ?" asking for an Americanization illus- "What signs of progress in Americanization have you noted?" tration of the theme: "Who is my neighbor?"

III. Present before the study group a re- Close the program with a well- cruiting poster for Christian service planned series of incidents and anec- or send a post card invitation with dotes of Americanization, drawing an illustration or sketch calling to material from daily papers, the "Sat- service for the foreign-born. For instance, a group of Italian chil- urday Evening Post," "Survey," the dren sketched on a postcard stretch denominational weekly papers, out their hands and say, "Meet us "Christian Endeavor World" and at the Italian mission, 24 Genoa the "Americanization Bulletin." Ask place, next Sunday morning at 9 :30 and tell us a Bible story." Such a a number of people to tell these inci- poster could be hung in the church dents, and arrange them in such or- vestibule or on the bulletin board. der that they carry out the idea of progress in Americanization. IV. Make a large circular frame modeled after a penny, with "E Pluribus Unum" at the top. Within this The program might also center on frame exhibit foreign types making some one theme of the chapter, since up America. the field of study is so extended, and V. At least a dozen simple charts, made be built up from such suggestions as on manila paper with crayons, could bring to the eye great patri- these: Progress in Industrial Ameri- otic sayings as to the price of nacanization; The Public School as an tional unity : Interpreter of America; The Immi- "The virtues of our mingled blood grant's Contribution to America; In one new people blend."-Van Dyke.

Music, an International Interpreter. "They must upward still, and onward, Trades journals, educational maga- Who would keep abreast of truth." -Lowell. zines, the "Etude" and "Literary Di- " * * • From sun to sun gest" will give material. That clarion cry, 'My country' makes men The practical treatment of Chapter one."-Burton.

V should include visits to citizenship The program treatment of Chapter classes, clubs, churches, institutes, VI should summarize the study of patriotic meetings where the actual the preceding chapters and bring Tesults of Americanization can be some clear conclusions. Definition, seen. It should also include efforts Development, Duty might be the dito hold exhibitions of foreign. handi- visions of a program, using the mawork and art, or special musical programs by the foreign-born. The terial of the earlier chapters for the neighborhood pageant and the play- first two and basing the third diviground celebration, the closing ex- sion upon pages 135- 137, 154-156. hibit of the Vacation Schools and the . Three speakers could thus give a opening of American homes to complete analysis of the chapter. groups of foreign born men and A quiz could follow, each person women are all practical methods of writing the answers to the follow- ing: "Define Americanization in a studying the Path of Progress. Chapter VI-"The Price of Na- brief paragraph." "What signs of development in national unity can tional Unity"-could also have its you mention ?" "What are your pictorial study. ideals fOT America?" "What special 1. Use the Liberty Loan posters and thing can the Church do in Ameri- other war material. The poster, canization which no other agency "Americans All" can be secured in the set of six posters furnished by can accomplish ?" "What do yo"

think you can do?" "What connec- effect of the use of the peyote. tion is there between Americanization The paramount need of native Inand an International mind?" "Explain the real motive of Christian dian ChTistian leaders, to interpret Americanization." Christianity according to the racial soul of the Indian. ECHOES OF THE WICHITA INDIAN The urgency of a unified program CONFERENCE of religious education, with trained religious wmk directms in the gov- By Mrs. John S. Allen ernment non-reservation, and other government and mission schools. A Conference of Christian Workers Among Indians held at Wichita, The need of Christian education Kansas, September 24-26, attested for children under twelve years of this growing breadth of interest. age, in order that a basis may be To this conference came Indians and laid for Christian ideals. whites, field workers and secretaries, women and men, from the Sioux, The inappropriateness, if not the ilthe Kiowas, the Winnebagoes, the leg-ality, of assigning funds from the Apaches, the Navajos, the Pimas, the United States treasury for the edu- Nez Perces, the Crows, the Osages, cation of Indian children in sectarian schools. the Cheyennes, the Cherokees, * * * The desirability of permitting com- Baptists, Congregationalists, Dis- petent, restricted Indians to conciples, Friends, Methodists, Presby- tribute reasonable amounts of their terians, Episcopalians, Reformed, own property or possessions to re- Lutherans, Indian Rights, the two ligious and benevolent purposes for Home Missions Councils, and the Indian welfare, if properly safetwo Y's, out of their respective cor- guarded. ners to join hearts, hands and voices, to pray and plan for the whole task The need of an adequate social of saving the American Indian for and health program and propaganda Christ, for America. for himself and among Indians. for the world. Since the Indian boys lie in Flanders Field, Indians The Conference urged appropriate are members of the United States action on all of these matters, adding Congress, and other Indians are pro- a number of valuable general findducers of music and literature, it is ings concerning the desirability of not too much to claim for them a conferring immediate citizenship on world' reach. all Indian soldiers and sailors en- listed in United States service during While it might not be objectionable the last war; concerning provision to review in detail the scope of the for native-born Indians being merged Conference program and discussion, into the citizenship of the State, beit would be a needless repetition of ing given the protection of, and being an effort already worthily and ade- subject to the State laws. quately perfmmed. (Send for free pamphlet, "Cooperation for Indians," The Conference also reaffirmed its Home Missions Council, 156 Fifth belief in the primary importance of Avenue, New York City.) a native Indian Church, with an or- ganization of life and worship devel- One of the many satisfactions of oped under competent native leaderthe Conference was the fact that ship. It reaffirmed the necessity of those actually doing the work, those a thorough-going policy of comity who daily meet the Ind.ians and their and cooperation between Christian problems were the chief participants evangelical agencies that will secure· in all of the discussions. Such ques- the largest measure of efficiency, econtions as the following were among omy and success, and wiII p~ovide those receiving especial emphasis: adequate care for every tribe and every group of Indians within the The social, physical and religious national <'omain.

– …. ~ r•- NEW. S FRO~ M~ M- ANY…..l-L.A:N;-D.S ~

'GENERAL immediately to raise $1,000,000 in the next five years for the purpose 'Missionary Possibilities of establishing a Hebrew Christian Headquarters and Training School FOR less than the cost and equip- for students preparing themselves ment of a single battleship, the for Christian service among Jews at following work was conducted last home and abroad. They also wish to year in foreign lands: send out Jewish Christian evangel- ists, and to render practical and spir- Thirteen hundred and sixty-six itual help to Hebrew Christians missionaries and 6,870 native work- everywhere, but especially those in ers were employed during the enti;'e Russia, Poland and Palestine. Rev. year in spreading the Gospel. H. L. Hellyer of New York was elected president of the. Alliance and Four thousand four hundred sixty- Rev. S. B. RohGld of 165 Elizabeth seven congregations, with 172,325 Street, Toronto, Canada, Secretarycommunicants and 406,587 adherents, Treasurer. were kept at work. What the American Red Cross Did Two thousand and sixty schools were conducted for twelve months, SINCE the memorable day in 1917 training 777,680 young people in when the United States entered Christian cha.:-acter and good citizen- the war of nations, the American ship. people have either pledged or paid into the treasury of the Red Cross Eleven prmtmg presses threw off in money or materials a net total of 59,740,420 pages of Christian litera- $325,000,000. This general response ture. to the call of service for suffering humanity has been accompanied by One hundred and seventy-five hos- a devotion and enthusiasm in the dopitals and dispensaries treated 704,714 ing, and a spontaneity in the giving cases. The missionaries ministered which cannot be measured in terms to lepers, sheltered insane, cared for of dollars or time. Up to July of orphans, taught the blind, the deaf, last year, the Red Cross work rooms and the dumb, promoted moral re- of the United States turned out 490,- forms, and made the Gospel of 120 refugee garments; 7,123,621 ho&- Christ a living force among multi- pital supplies; 10,786,489 hosDital tudes of people. dressings. Subscriptions to the first garments and 192,748,107 surgical Arthur 1. Brown. war fund ar.lounted to 115,000,000. and to the second. $176.000.000. To Fellowship of Reconciliation this is added $24,500,000 from mem- bership dues. T HE Fellowship of Reconciliation is a Christian world movement The figures showing expenditure~ within the churches, seeking to put are equally interesting. In France, emphasis upon the necessity of un- $36,613,682 were spent for military -compromisingly following. the ethical activities and civilian relief. In standards of Jesus Christ. It be- Italy, more than $12,000,000' were lieves that a social and industrial set aside for service work, up to evolution of wide sweep is now in January, 1919. $11,989,097 have progress. A national conference been expended for various activities was held at Highl:md, New York, in connection with camps and canand an international conference in October in Utrecht.

The Hebrew Christian Alliance· AT A recent meeting of the AlIi- anc~ !! was voted to set about 65

tonments in the United States, and time on such places, even if they a considdable sum was used in car- were mentioned in guide books. The ing for Americans imprisoned in business man admitted that this was Germany and Austria. partly true, but offered a few sug- gestions in line with business effi- Health and the Rockefeller Foundation ciency, among them: up to date guide books; attractively illustrated, THIS philanthropic organization cleverly written circulars giving in- was established by Mr. John D. formation about schools, kindergar- Rockefeller to promote public health tens, and other places of interest in and medical education in many lands. Christian work, which might be dis- Last year the various departments tributed to San Francisco, Seattle conducted the following activities and Vancouver, in the cabins of outwith an expenditure of $15,000,- going- ships; nicely bound books il- 000, a campaign against tubercu- lustrating the usual places of interlosis in France, for malaria con- est to tourists, but also prominent trol in Arkansas and Mississippi, to missionary institutions, churches, check yellow fever in Guatemala and schools, etc., to be placed on the Ecuador, to root out hookworm in tables Of ship libraries. the United States, and encourage sanitation, to improve public health in Japan Evangelist. Brazil and Australia. A school of hygiene was opened in connection NORTH AMERICA with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; fifteen buildings were pushed The Decalogue to the Fore toward completion in Peking, China; twenty-four missionary hospitals and THE practical character of the schools were aided in China; South Christian work being. put into American institutions were aided in effect by the young people of a establishing research departments in Methodist Church in Charleston, W. South America; maintained sixty- Va., is shown by four hundred poseight fellows and scholars in Ameri- ters, displaying the Ten Commandcan medical schools; supported ments inconspicuous type, which studies in mental hygiene; made ap- they have placed on the walls of propriations for the care of infantile .schools, stores and public offices of paralysis and for medical research, the city. To offset objections by made surveys for the Red Cross and Jews or Catholics, the paragraphs contributed largelv to various war- of the text are not numbered. Those work agencies. who find themselves obliged to face the Ten Commandments at every Advertising Ml"slon Work turn will find less excuse for violat- ing them. ANEW YORK business man who had crossed the Pacific many MIssionary Education Movement Abtimes visited a missionary friend in Tokyo and remarked that mission sorbed work ought to be better advertised. THE Missionary Education Move- "Why shouldn't mission work be ment, which was founded in advertised the same as Buddhist 1902 by the Mission Boards of the temples and pagodas and all that larger Protestant denominations, and stuff? You read up in the guide which has done a .vast service ever book about Kobe, for instance, and since in publishing interdenominayou find everything mentioned except tional literature, and holding sumthe fact that it has two of the finest mer conferences and classes, has Christian schools in the Empire, now been taken over by the Inter- Kwansei Gakuin and Kobe College." church World Movement and will hereafter be known as the Mission- The missionary ventured that the ary Education department of that 0':- average tourist would not spend any ganization. Dr. Miles B. Fisher, formerly secretary of missionary

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

education for the Congregational musical and dramatic spectacle will Education Society, is the new direc- be staged in Madison Square Garden, tor. with soloists, costumed participants, and a chorus of 1,000 voices. "Everyland," the children's missionary magazine, will be published War Recruits for Missions as befDTe. THE Presbyterian Board of For- The Continent. eign Missions reports that more than 500 young men and women who Inter-Church State Conferences have served in the war have, since the signing of the armistice, applied SIXTY-SIX state conferences were at Presbyterian headquarters for held in December under the service in the foreign mission field. auspices of the Interchurch World Movement. These were planned to In addition, fully 1,000 young present the program of the Move- people have sent in applications to ment to the "key" lay and clerical be considered as candidates for the leaders of the United States. Each missionary force. This in spite of conference extended over three days the fact that the largest missionary and was addressed by one of twelve reinforcements in the history of the "teams" of National leaders, trained denomination are being sent out this in a Special Conference in Atlantic year. City last November. Those attending the State Conferences are to The Christian and Missionary Alliance carry back the inspiration and information to their local churches. A DURING the four years of war Speakers' Bureau has also been or- the Alliance received gifts ganized to send speakers to business amounting to $954,701.22 for foreign men's conventions, civic clubs and work-over twenty per cent more other gatherings. Another plan is than in the preceQing four years. the organization of many thousands The missionary work abroaQ is conof "minute men" who will be ready ducted in sixteen fields and twentyfor service in every town and city two languages-in India, China, T~bet, in the country. French Indo-China, Japan, the Phil- ippines, Palestine,West Africa, the Student Volunteer Convention Sudan, and South America. It was not interrupted and the missionary THE Eighth International Student staff increased from 259 in 1914 to Volunteer Convention, which 300 at the close of last year; there holds a session every four years, a:re also over 600 native workers. will meet in Des Moines, Iowa, De- The baptisms on the field numbered cember 31, 1919, to January 4, 1920. 5,630 during this period and the mis- It is expected that the attendance sion stations and out stations inwill include six thousand students creased from 271 to 497-a gain of and professors from more than a 83 per cent. One missionary in Inthousand educational institutions. dia reports having preached the Gos- There will also be present missionary pel to over 20,000 people during one leaders representing various lines of touring season. Congo native mis- Christian work in foreign lands. sion workers conducted 23,370 Christian services in villages. "Wayfarer" in New York Schools under the care of the Alli- ance number 261 with 5,878 pupils. THE pageant of "The Wayfarer," which was the outstanding fea- This organization has a parish of ture of the Methodist Centena:ry over 40,000,000 heathen souls for Celebration at Columbus, is being which it is exclusively 'responsible. given in New York City daily for It is looking to God for an increase fiv(j weeks, (beginning December of its missionary income during 15) under the auspices of the Interchurch World Movement. The

1919 from $300,000.00 to $50~,000.OO, ~IonTOe, Slacum, Jay, Tilden, Hamilto cover its program of rem force- ton, Hancock and Leavenwarth; and ments and' projected advance. at Honolulu, Hawaii and Fort Wil- liam McKinley, Philippine Islands. New Temperance Board Program The Lumberjack and the Church ON ACCOUNT of the adoption of national prohibition in the United THE lumbermen of the Pacific Coast have some picturesque States, the Board of Temperance of opinions upon things spiritual, as disthe Presbyterian Church h~s changed covered by the recent Interchurch Survey of the IUJ;l1ber regions. . its program to emphasIze ot~er One man gave as his reason tor phases of moral welfare. These In- not attending church that p:eachers "never preached any more about clude social hygiene, amusements <:nd sin, evaded the truth, and were too recreation, delinquent and d~fectIve anxious to please people." He added that he knew that he himself was a classes, the family, and juvemle wel- sinner and would be lost without Christ. A woman in one of the fare. They are giving publicity to camps declared all '~he der:ominations were putting fram SIX to. mne preac?- the effect of cigarettes on youth, and ers in small tawns, whIle people III -remote sectians were being allowed other lines of physical and mOTal to "go to' the devil," the little chil- dren particularly growing up as gadeducation. They hope to help bnng less as heathen.

young people into closer relation. to Education for the Southern Negro itdheealsChouf rmc~hrriaangde to promote hIgh THE greatest cause of unrest and home-making. among the colored people of America is probably the SOCIal and The headquarters are Columbia Bank industrial limitations that face them. An indicatian of the failure of the Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. South to deal fai'rly with the Negro is seen in the inequality of educa- Y. M. C. A. Activities Transferred tional privileges. The per capita ex- penditure for white and fOJ:" Negro I N COMPLIANCE with govern- children in public schools vanes from ment orders the War Wo'rk Coun- $14.29 for white and $9.96 for col- cil of the Y. M. C. A. on Novem- ored children in Oklahoma, to $10 ber 1st transferred its welfare work for white and $1.44 for colored in activities as conducted in the tem- South Carolina. Only in Kentucky porary buildings erected. during w~r does the allowance, for Negroes equal times within the camps 111 the contI- that for white children. In mast of nentai limits of the United States. the states Negroes have only a per The Y. M. C. A., also at the request capita expenditure of from 14% to of the Government, will transfer, 50% of the amount allawed for white without reimbursement, its 593 tem- children, porary huts withi~ the Army camps, together with theIr complete eqUIp- What the Negro Needs ment valued approximately at $4,- 500,000, for continued use by officers 1. Equal educational facilities with and men. white children up through the gram- mar school. At the time of the signing af the 'armistice, the Y. M. C. A. was oper- 2. Suffrage rights on the same basis as that adopted fur white peo- ating in the United States 1171 huts, ple. with 5717 secretaries and other wurkers.

will Permanent buildings of the Army and Navy Y. M. C. A. which continue to operate include the fol- lowing; Brooklyn Navy Yard, N. Y.; Newport, R. I.; Norfolk, Va.; Charleston Navy Yard, Boston, Mass.; Vallejo, Cal.; at the Presido, San Francisco, California; at Bre- merton, Vashington, D. C.; at Forts

NEWS FROM MANY LA:NDS

3. Equal justice in courts of law, Christian press. Practical printed and protection from mob violence. hints for successful fanriing do much to break the force of superstitious 4. Opportunity for employment in ideas about the failure' of crops, government positions and in all and thereby win an open-minded at- forms of industry, skilled and uri- titude for the Christian viewpoint skilled, with wages and opportunity exp'ressed in the same publication. for advancement according to ability. The Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, under the auspices 5. Protection of colored women of the Interchurch World Movement, from insult and wrong on the part is issuing a new magazine in Spanish of white men, with .diligence equal for Latin America, La Nueva Demoto that used to protect white women cracia, which purposes to fill this from wrongs perpetrated by Negroes. need. The price will be $3.00 a year, and with each new subscription 6. Opportunity to travel and live is given a dictionary or a choice of in accommodations in harmony with some educational book. cleanliness, good behaviour and ability to pay. Nothing less is demo- A Vindication of the Golden Rule cratic or just. MR. Benjamin P. Clark, Vice- 7. Adequate welfare work for president of the Plymouth Cord- Negroes to promote physical, moral age Company, cites his experience and religious health among Negro for ten years with a mining commen and women, boys and girls. pany in Mexico, as a testimony to Nothing less is Christian. the loyalty and reliability of the Mexicans. The danger of supposing LATIN-AMERICA that all Mexicans are brutal and treacherous, and that it is useless to Newspaper Evangel'lsnl Needed expect reasonable dealings with them is apparent in our present relations. REV. John Ritchie, for a number M'T. Clark says: of years edito'r of a South American religious periodical, writes "We have tried to treat the in The Biblical Review, that while Mexicans as human beings, We told the large percentage of iJliteracy them that in all ways we should in South America raises .a ques- respect them and their wives and tion as to the value of the 'reli- familie~ as we would our own. We gious periodical, persons in almost went to it as a human proposition. every community can be found who The effect was prodigious. will read aloud in the family or in groups; and the very scarcity of "This attitude brought out the best reading matter whets the appetite there was in those people and the for more. Railroads are few. the best there was in us. For eight years era of good roads is not yet, and and a half of revolution the ro;r:- of the people are too scattered to be our mills never stopped, Today, reached by the force of missionaries 7,000 men operate them, of whom now available; so that only meager 57 only are Americans, (less than results can be secured from large one per cent.) . We have fed them, expenditures of time and money in fought. typhus and influenza with itinerating. The prejudice' against them, fought everything with them, Protestantism. prevents many from and they have done their part like entering a church, whereas the print- men. Two things I must say. After ed message quickly gains a hearing, Vera Cruz we insisted that all our The relation between Christian prin- Americans leave Mexico. The p~op­ ciples and civic justice, the counter- erties were left in absolute charge of acting of false teaching and the Mexicans for eight months.. They building up of Christian.character stole nothing; they allowed no one a're some of the aims that may be realized through an extensiQnof the

else to steal. anything; they operated specified, and the Bank of the Rethe plants successfully, and returned public, a government institution, them to us in as good condition as closed in honor of "Virgin's Day." when our Americans came out." Atheist newspapers continue to de- nounce proselytism. The number of Is it inconceivable that a similar those who seek true liberty is slowconfidence between employer and em- ly increasing-. and only when the ployed in our own country, a cor- masses obey this higher call will the responding application of Christian republic be free indeed. principles, would prove the solvent of our present labor unrest? EUROPE New Woman's Organization in Cblle African Races Association THE "Club de Senoras" in Santi- GLASGOW has an "African Races ago, Chile, attests the awakening Association," organized to prosocial consciousness among South mote closer union of Negroes and American women. It is a purely Negro descendants in the British cultural organization in its aim, but Isles; to discuss topics affecting the is the only organization for women welfare of the Negro race, and to of the better class in South America, present papers from time to time and is typical of the growing desire upon some particula';' colony of for a broader horizon for women. Africa. The Association also offers to supply information regarding suit- Child Mortality in Chile able places 6f study, cost of living, conditions of life and such other in- THE Chi I d h 0 0 d Conservation formation as may be required by League for Mexico, Central and African students planning to take South America, under the auspices courses in Great Britain. of the Methodist Episcopal Church, plans to strengthen missionary work General Assembly of French Protestby means of the hospital and dispensary, especially adapted to the antism needs of women and children. A beginning is to be made by estab- THE Fed era I Co u n c i I of the lishing a hospital in Santiago, with Churches of Christ in America branch dispensaries in outlying ter- sent representatives to the General ritory, in the hope of diminishing the Assembly of .French Protestantism present appalling death rate. It is which convened at Lyons, France, estimated that 75% of the children November 11-14. The significance in Chile die under two years of age. of such a meeting will not be lost on those who are familiar with the -W. H. TEETER. history of French Protestantism, and are in sympathy with the desire to Religious Freedom in Uruguay aid it in assuming a more influential part in the life of France. SECTION I, Article III of the new constitution for Uruguay declares Protestant Efficiency that all forms of religious worship are free, that the state sustains no Les N oltvelles Religieltses, a Cathoreligion, and exempts from taxation lic publication of Paris, voiced a all houses of religious worship. It tribute to Protestantism, not to say a concedes to the Roman Catholic reflection upon the fruits of Roman Church all temples and chapels built Catholic training, when it said: totally or partially by public funds, except such chapels as ·form part of "The most cultivated Italian fampublic asylums and hospitals. ilies apply to Protestant pastors for servants because of the reputation But this religious freedom does these have fOT honesty, industry, and not mean religious equality. Catholic courtesy. The royal family, though mass is still said in the chapels Catholic, intrusts its little ones to the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

care of Protestant nurses and gov- sula and they have been imprisoned, ernesses. All doors open to Protest- their work has been spoken against, ants." they have been stoned in the streets. They, however, continue to work -Record of Christian Wark. tirelessly to build up Christian char- acter in the people. Methodist Church of France Missionaries at work in the Bal- AT the French Methodist Confer- kans hope that the government and ence, held recently in Paris, rep- political parties in that part of the resentatives from the Wesleyan world will sometime get rid of some Methodist Conference made arrange- of their selfish ideas and learn to ments to assume part of the direction live together peaceably without hate of the work, in view of the increased and avarice and envy one toward need of the French churches. The another. "No American missionary arrangement has been accepted, and of Bulgaria, Greece, Albania or it is hoped that a new era of recon- Serbia," writes Dr. King, "wishes to struction may now set in. The see any injustice done to any Bal- Methodist Church of France has de- kan state or section and Bulgarian veloped from the missions established Protestants often times pray for by the Wesleyan Missionary· Society, those who are considered Bulgaria's though, since it began its separate enemies. There never will be ariy career in 1852, it has never been en- olive branches picked off a bramble tirely self-supporting. bush and there never will be a real peace for the Balkan states until The Christian. they lay aside their hatred one toward another and come together Protestant Missions in Bulgaria with a determination to maintain order and see that each tribe re- CHRISTIAN Missions in Bulgaria spects the rights of life, liberty and were conducted under great diffi- conscience of all the others. The culties during the war. Touring was impossible. Nothing was kept mISSIOnary work in Bulgaria, in up but the mission schools and the Greece and in Serbia is seeking to native pastors' work in the churches. There were many times of perplex- correct the undesirable conditions ity, especially when the missionaries of character and living that obtain had great difficulty in finding sup- in those countries and the work deplies for the boys and girls in their schools. Living was very expen- serves hearty sympathy and supsive and there was no way of. com- port of all Christians. municating quickly with the American Board headquarters in Boston. Salvation Army in C:recho-Slovakia Since the truce was signed teachers are in great demand. ALTHOUGH the people of Czecho- Slovakia are intelligent and in- American missionaries kept aloof dustrious, theiT moral standards are from the political embroilments of the war, since. America did not de- low, and the country offers wide clare war against Bulgaria. Dr. H. scope for social and spiritual work. B. King, a missionary in Samokov, declares that there is no vestige of During last year in Prague alone 913 truth in the statement that the American missionaries showed pro- children have been arrested for thiev- German sympathy. The Bulgarians ing. There :rre also 5,000 friendless, who have no sympathy wLth the mission work feign to believe that degraded girls in Prague. General the Protestants are trying to under- Booth recently commissioned Col. mine the faith of the people so that Larsson to open up Salvation Army American missionaries generally are not popular in the Balkan Penin- activity in this country, and the gov- ernment has agreed to be responsible for the rent of all buildings needed fO'r the Army's work.

Budapest Mission to Jews nople Armenians organized relief NOTWITHSTANDING the fact work for their destitute fellow coun- that Bolshevik authorities in trymen and started orphanages for 3udapest addressed a communication over 2,000 orphans. Homes for to the Director of -"the late Scottish Armenian girls rescued from Turkish Mission," the grave has not closed Arabs have been started by the over this Free Church Mission to American Young Women's Christian Jews, and it manifests many signs of Association worke:-s.

life. Between January 1st and July 31st no fewer than 224 Jewish peo- Importance of Aleppo T ple-114 men, 63 women, and 47 HE S y ria n missionaries have adopted resolutions calling f()r the ch!ldren have been baptized. For months on end the principal native immediate acceptance of Aleppo as a missiona'ry has been occupied from mission station.

early morning till late at night in- (1) It is a city of 250,000 in- structing inquirers. The trials of habitants, with a large adjacent terri- the workers have been severe. Many tory.

times the Communists essayed to lay . (2) It occupies a strategic situa- hands on the Mission property, but tion at the junction of the Syrian every attempt was thwarted by the. railway with the Bagdad-Constanti- staff. Food, fuel and clothing have nople line.

been unbelievably difficult to obtain, (3) It is the most northern center but the Hungarian workers have of A'rabic-speaking people.

faithfully upheld the cause. (4) It is now occupied only by -U. F. Record. small, weak missions.

MOSLEM LANDS ( 5) There are indications of special preparedness on the part of Constantinople During the War the people.

ELIZABETH Dodge Huntington, The missionaries of the various who was in Constantinople during societies hope to carry out a cothe war, tells of great suffering operative program for the occupa- among its more than one million tion of Aleppo. This will include population of Moslems, Greeks, Jews, schools far boys and girls; a church Armenians and Europeans. The city building suitable for use of foreign- was full of German officers and their ers and for Arabic-speaking peoples; families who lived ext:-avagantly, but evangelistic and educational mission- most of the others were obliged to aries. Medical work is already pro- sell all they had to buy bread. Even vided through an excellent hospital.

then they became emaciated and ill from want. Oppression from the How AmerieR Cares for Orphans C Turkish authorities was everywhereAMP Wilson at Derindje near Constantinople may be taken as apparent, and bribery was almost llliversal. Multitudes of women and typical of hundreds of others which the Near East Relief has organized children were destitute. The brighter side of the situation to care for orphan children in was seen in the efforts to relieve Armenia and Turkey.

suffering. Some Germans, Turks, The camp has a popUlation of 400 Greeks and Americans conducted boys and they are divided into three soup kitchens at great expense. Amer- groups, consisting of Armenian boys ican missionaries continued thei'T edu- who speak only Armenian, Armenian cational work. Robert College, Con- boys who speak only Turkish and stantinople College and Gedik Pasha Greek boys who speak only Greek.

School were kept open and the Several native workers who have been students did good work. After the educated .in American colleges, act as armistice was signed many Constanti- interpreters for the groups.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Camp Wilso~ is located in a build- iNDIA – ing which. was once a palace of the Christian Education in India Turkish Sultans. The grounds stretch from the hill down to the shore of TIDES and cur Ten t s of new the Gulf of Ismid, where the boys thought and life are sweeping swim. The pupils are enthusiastic through India-political, social, eco- about their work and learn quickly. nomic, moral and -religious. The Instruction is in charge of Americans problem is baffling. With nine-tenths and is carried on by native teachers of the people in blank illiteracy and who received their education in India divided into a dozen faiths. American missionary schools in Tur- 147 languages, as many races and over 2000 different castes, the key. educated leaders are demanding seIf- Of children alone in this stricken government and home rule. The problem is, can the non-Christian land there are a quarter of a million, faiths produce the honesty, efficiency, many of whom, having lost both unity, and leadership necessary for parents, do not know their own responsible government? Great Britain is committed to a large advance in names. self-government in each Province. American and British officers, India must now face the terrible strain of responsible government under pres- thoroughly familiar with conditions, ent day conditions. Her hope will estimate that not more than twenty- lie largely in the Christian Colleges five percent of these refugees can which are centers of Christian liberty survive through the winter except as in the darkness of illiteracy, super- stition, idolatry and poverty. help is given by the Allies. G. S. EDDY. Sunday Schools In Asia MInor Sudras Look for a Saviour THE Sunday-schools of twenty-six Protestant churches of the Aintab THE Sudra or farmer caste of India expect a Saviour of the station, with a member.ship of more world to appear in the near future. They say that He is now doing penthan 8,000, as well as the Gregorian ance in the Himalaya Mountains and that accomplished He will reign for a schools were literally shattered by the thousand years, when tiger and lamb shan eat from one rice bowl. Somedeportations. In Aintab all the Sun- how the Christian hope has permeated the life of this caste. day-schools and day school buildings German ~Iiss1ons in India were wrecked by the Turks' wanton THE government of India has destruction, sacked and tom down made permanent arrangements for the future conduct of German mis· for the value of the desks and win- sions in India by creating intermediary Boards of Trustees to which the dow frames, floor and roof beams. property in each Province will be conveyed. This provision includes What is far more serious, nearly all the property of the Basel Mission and Trading Society. The properties are the teachers, men and women, were to be held until such time as these trustees can transfer them to any put to death or died of disease and Protestant mission or missions, church or churches that may be apexhaustion in the deportations. In proved by the Governor-General or some large churches, such as Urfa, where there were at least thirty Sun- day-school classes befOTe the war, no . Sunday-schools are left, and only four or five of the old teachers.

This coming year is an all important period. A good strong start will re- store the courage and faith of the churches: .

The Armenians in Aintab have sent a request to the World's Sunday School Association that Rev. Stephen Trowbridge be appointed to direct the Sunday-school reconstruction work in that part of Asia Minor.

Council. The intermediary Boards of chairman of the meeting, boldly an- Trustees ilhall be constituted with a nouncing to the audience of a thou- chairman and two non-official mem- sand non-Christians that he had ac- bers, nominated by the National Mis- cepted Christ as the only hope of sav- sionary Council of India; also, two ing China. Wr. Wang contemplates official members nominated by the resigning his post to enter Christian iocal government. work.

With regard to the Gosner Mission An Official Enters Y. M. C. A. Work of Chota Nagpur, a commission of i.nquiry has been appointed to visit EIGHT years ago Mr. Wen, a the field and ascertain whether the Chinese official and adviser to the Christians wish to become independ- Governor of Foreign Affairs, came ent and self-sustaining, to be in to Shanghai as a Confucian official charge of American Lutherans, to be to meet Dr. John R. Mott and Dr. :supervised by the National Mission- Sherwood Eddy to request a Y. M. ;ary Councilor to unite with the C. A. building for his city, Nanking. Anglican and Lutheran Missions. Four years later when Dr. Eddy visited his city, at a banquet given Jlindo Missionary Organization by the governor and after an address on "Christianity, China's Only Hope," A HINDU Missionary Society was this man made a decision to enter the formed in Bombay in 1917, for Christian life and was baptized the the purpose of building up Hinduism. following Sunday. He then stated his Its weekly paper, the Hindu Mission- position boldly before a theatre ,ary, tells us that "Hinduism is great crowded with students. Last winter and noble and true. In the bosom Dr. Eddy went to Nanking to ask Mr. of Hinduism is the perfect expressi'on Wen, at great sacrifice, to give up of the science of the divine." official life, forego his large salary, his chance of promotion and a possible According to its own confession, the governorship in order to enter Chris- :Society came into existence through tian work as a Y. M. C. A. Secretary. fear of the influence of Christian He accepted the call, and Dr. Eddy missions, and with this motive un- went with him to the Governor to derlying it the prime object has been obtain his release. After an hour's to induce Indian Christians to return interview on the present crisis in to Hinduism; and they claim that in China, and the need of developing the this work of recovery they have been moral character of China's young IVery successful. However, in the men for future leadership, the Goverannual report of the Society, issued nor gave his consent. 'last July, three such instances only ;appear. Chinese Increase Contributions The headquarters of the Society are THE increased liberality of the in Bombay, with branches in Poona, Christian Church in China is most Nagpur and Bagdad. It also operates in South India. Their magazine is encouraging-. Taking into account the published in both English and Marathi. present difference of exchanges, last CIDNA year's total contributions were more Christian CommIssioner of Police than five times the amount reported A CHINESE official, Mr. Wang, before the war, or five years ago. attended Dr. Sherwood Eddy's meetings in Nanking a few years ago, The question of self support is before and sat in the front seat with fifty other Confucian officials. At the last the Chinese Church as one of its chief '0 meeting he left the other officials to problems. China's Millions.

,eOme the platform as the Christian INStudent Conference 10 Shantung Shantung, focus point of present world interest, the Grinnell College group held their first summer con-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 7S

ference, gathering their preachers and 3. A hymn should be sung and a teachers for three weeks of close study prayer offered, also at least one verse and inspiration and inviting workers of Scripture read. The use of the from the neighboring missions, in- "True Spiritual Food" calendar with cluding the London Missionary So- its verse for every day is recomciety. The list of topics discussed mended. Where no member of the furnish answer to the query some- family can read, repeat whateve: times raised as to whether mis- Scripture can be remembered. sionary methods are interesting. They included: How Psychology Helps 4. Before "eating rice" a blessing the Preacher-How May a Church should always be asked. Where there Get to Work-The Function of a are children a verse of a familiar School as a Social Institution-China hymn may be sung. as a Teacher of Nations-How Reform Movements Develop, including 5. Remembrance of God's mercies prohibition, political democracy, and should be made. In times of special industrial democracy in series- difficulties special prayer for help Modern Views of Heredity-The should be offered. League of Nations-Home Hygieneand all of these in addition to steady The Continent. daily work in Bible Classes and conferences on church methods and high Phonetic Script Wins Favor purpose. THE new Chinese phonetic script Presbyterian (Jhurch in China is sweeping every thing before it. The Governor of Honan has sent two VARIOUS Presbyterian organiza- representatives to Peking to learn the tions have united to form The system and to come back to teach it Presbyterian Church in China. This in the normal schools. The Governor church will prepare its own Confes- of Shansi requires that one person in sion of Faith and Book of Church each family be able to read the Order, which will probably be based phonetic script. Over 5,000,000 pages upon the standards of the churches were printed in less than six months. represented by the missionaries who The Gospel of Mark is finished and have built up the Chinese churches. is being sold at four coppers; the Representatives of the churches of the Gospels of Luke and John are half London Mission and of the American through the press. 70,000 New Year Board have requested that they and folders in phonetic script have been their churches be permitted to join printed. At Chefoo the Chinese cooks ill the organization of the General put phonetic symbols on the pies. The· Assembly. There are twenty-five pres- Governor of Shansi is issuing a newsbyteries in China. paper in phonetic script. The slogan "The Chinese Church a Bible reading The Presbyterian. Church within the next two years throughout China" has been taken up. For the Family Altar It is estimated that China's non- T HE . following suggestions for Christian illiterates number 324,000,- family prayers were recently 000, and Christian illiterates, 188,- made by Chinese Christians and 000; while the non-Christian literates adopted in Kochow-Youngkong: are given as 36,000,000 and Chris- tian literates 125,000. 1. A quiet retiring place shall be found in the house where the family JAPAN-CHOSEN may be by itself. (In the Chinese household to find the "place" for Emergency Call prayers is a real problem.) THE Japan Mission has sent a 2. A fixed hour should be set aside; circular to the American Board preferably 7 o'clock, or just before constituting an "Emergency Call to going to the day's work. Prayer." They ask for missionary reenforcements, for additional native

workers, for financial aid and for government, and of the Christian spiritual awakening. Japan's ne~d for denominations in the city. the Gospel 'and for spiritual gmd.ance is emphasized in a few admomtory Life of Faith. "don'ts." Work (or Women in Japan DON'T turn down Japan because she has shown a selfish spirit in dealing FOR every ten factory laborers in with China. the United States, two are wo- men and eight are men. In Japan, DON'T turn down Japan because she seven are women and three are men. has committed atrocities in Korea. In most of the factories in Japan, ap- Turkish atrocities against Armenia prenticeship, low wages and dormi- never stopped missionary effort in tories are in vogue, with twelve to that land. sixteen hours in a day, seven days to the week. A third of a million DON'T turn down Japan because of girls and women pour into the fac- her militarism. Her struggling demo- tories every day. Because most fac- cratic spirit needs as neyer before t~e tory owners know nothing of the friendship of the Amencan Repubhc. value of human life, the employees are used full speed with insufficient DON'T turn down Japan because food and no care, then tossed aside (you think) sJ1e is. already ~hristian­ and new material taken on. ized. Japan IS still esse~tlapy no~­ Christian. The Church wlthm her IS Japanese leaders, realizimg that the fighting against fearful odds. strength of the nation is being sapped, are inducing factory owners Missionary Herald. to offer unlimited opportunity to the Y. W. C. A. to come in and set up Religion and National Life welfare programmes. Because of the unfit condition in which these THE Japanese Minister o~ Home girl workers in the factories are Affai'rs, Mr. Tokonaml, feels housed, the secretary of the Y. W. greatly concerned over the ~ocial and C. A. in Kobe is planning a Chris- economic unheaval occasIOned by tian dormitory, with Japanese men the War, and recently called into and women readv to cooperate. conference the heads of local govern- Tokyo has 30,000 young women away ments, requesting their support in an from home. The Y. W. C. A. has dor- effort to strengthen the moral charac- mitory space for eighty. The plan ter of the Japanese people. includes beside accommodations for Japanese business girls, a few bed- He invited religious leaders repre- rooms for missionaries and rooms . sentative of Hinduism, Buddhism, and for some of the five thousand Japa- nese wives who leave Japan each of Christianity to a conference for the year to make new homes in the same purpose. At th~s gathe:ing United States, It will cost $25,000 there were present. besides vanous to carry out the plan, but t~e value Government officials, representatives is permanent and far-reachmg, and of thirteen Shinto and fifty-eight deals with "life eternal." Buddhist . sects, and six Christian denominations. The Minister stated Japanese Make Observations of Chris- that he had come to feel deeply that legislation and economic regulati':lns tianity were of no avail in strengthemng national character, and he begged re- BISHOP Tucker, of Kyoto, Japan, ligious leaders to add to their ser- writes that the special Japanese mons words that would awaken the commission sent to the United States consciousness and guide the people at to study the influence of Christianity this critical moment. on American life reported that "While education, commerce and industry A similar meeting was held in have been developed to a wonderful Osaka, under the auspices of the Mayor, which was attended by seve~al other representatives of the C1ty

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

degree, there is little evidence that the to use the word colony for Korea, Christiap. religion is regarded as im- since it is a country with its own spe- portant by most 9f the people." cial historical development. The recent unfortunate disturbance in Korea, It is in accordance with the Nip~ which was due to a lack of under- ponese turn of mind to wish to reach standing,. will turn out to be a great an accurate estimate of the practical blessing to us, because it has aroused working value of Christianity in na- in us a renewed purpose to do our tional development, and if the report best for the improvement of Korean had been favorable, it is reasonable affairs. I assure you there will be to suppose that missionary effort a remarkable change in the adminis- would have received material en- tration of Korea." couragement. The Commission was presumably an honest and thoughtful Korean Missionary Society group of observers, but the question at once arises as to where their ob- NATIVE Korean women show servations were made, and how ex- themselves to be very capable in tensive was their investigation. conducting the business of their mis- John Jackson Memorial sionary societies. The explanation is l..TEGOTIATIONS are proceeding that the Korean woman is nothing if 1 ~ toward the establishment of a not practical, and is naturally evangel- Home for Untainted Children of istic in spirit. Lepers in Tokyo as a memorial to The women of six Presbyterian the late John Jackson, but the chief difficulty lies in acquiring a suit- churches in Pyeng Yang have been able site. The need of such a home in Tokyo is greatly urged by mis- united in one society for a number sionaries, who suggest that a moderate beginning be made with funds at pres- of years under the leadership of the ent available, trusting that as time goes on the means for enlargement first woman to receive baptism in that may be secured. city. Bibles for New Year Gifts The society employs eight women I N the Island of Formosa, a promi- nent Japanese official not as yet a to go out two by two to villages and professed believer in Christianity, spent the sum of 50 yen (about $25) districts where there are no churches. in the pu'rchase of Bibles and New Testaments to give to his friends as Four of these women are engaged in N ew Year gifts. "The entrance of Thy Word giveth Light." preaching and teaching all the time.

A Japanese View or Korea The other four are sent out on special THE Commission on Relations trips. one trip lasting perhaps three or with the Orient of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in four months. A church recently or- America recently received a letter from Dr. K. Ibuka, President of a ganized largely owes its existence to Christian College in Tokyo, in which ·he referred to Japanese administra- the faithful work of one of these tion in Korea as follows: women. "In annexing Korea it was our purpose to better the condition of the Korea Mission Field. people without any idea of discrimination. To my thinking, it is wrong AFRICA The North Africa Mission DURING the past thirty years the North Africa Mission has been working in Morocco, Tunis and Al- giers. They have now 64 mission- aries who are loyally seeking- to win the Moslems to Christ. The force has recently been depleted while op- pOrtunities have increased so that there is a strong can for reenforce- ments. The work includes Bible de- pots, evangelistic meetings, schools, medical work, and training of con- verts. The address of the secretary

is 18 John St., London, W. C., Eng- a better substitute. On the other land. hand, if the white men stopped the importation altogether, so much the Egyptian Life Unified better.

THE Egyptian uprising against C. M. S. Review. England in the summer of 1919 involved great loss of life and property Barotseland'B Christian King -there were nearly three thousand casualties on all sides, one-third being LITIA Yetta, Barotseland's Chrisfatalities-and many barriers to mis- tian king, appointed a day of sion work were raised. Politically, humiliation and prayer before choos-· the revolt sealed Egypt's fate, since ing a new prime minister. The man England will hardly consider a nation selected was Tawila, baptized with the ready to govern itself, which has ex- name of Abrahama in 1899. At his. hibited such riotous tendencies. Many investiture, King Litia caused all the Egyptian leaders who in good faith people to assemble and addressed contributed funds toward the move- them in remarkable terms. "Tawila," ment as a righteous and worthy cause, said he, "What I say to you I say deplored it when they realized its true to my whole nation. What was our significance. country? A little unknown land gi~en over to disorder and anarchy, rushmg On the other hand, the ill-fated to its ruin. If we have not perished, movement has not been without hope- to whom do we owe that? To the ful portent. Apparently it has united m[sslOnaries. You have been in- Moslem and Coptic in the country's structed by them. What is important, cause, and has demonstrated that, with above all, is to cling to what has .saved a motive, the Egyptians can act cc;m- us, to the Gospel, to God. It IS He certedly. It has brought Egyptian who has given us peace. You have to womanhood out of orientalism into make the nation live, and in oyder for active life and has given all Egyptians that you must lead it to Life. It is a new sense of responsibility which the Gospel that has made us live." io the foundation of real progress. Life of Faith. Prohibition in French Colonies Tribes Becoming Independent THE governor-general of ~'~ellch Equatorial Africa, who [S also I N the Bechuanaland Protectorate. governor of all French colonies in where fifty years ago all mission West Africa-from Senegal to the work was supported by outside Congo-has decreed that after Janu- agencies, there are now many native ary 1, 1920, the importation of alcohol colored churches, quite independent of is prohibited, as well as the sale or foreign aid. The Tiger Kloof Nat.ive distribution to the natives of spiritous Institution is sending out a successIOn liquors. From the same. date all of well trained native pastors and drinking places kept by natives are to teachers who are taking increasing rebe closed. sponsibility for the evangelization of South Africa. Liquor ou the Gold Coast Samoans Believe in Prayer I T is reported that the Accra abocuhtietfsh~ when asked their opinion THE Prayer Union of Samoa has liquor traffic, replied that been of immeasurable value in educating the natives in Christian the white men had imported spirits service. Its membership has increased tenfold during the past nine years. from time immemorial as an article The Union is equivalent to an in- formation bureau, as the following of trade. If they had now found summary of its activities will show. out that the stuff was poisonous, and Paragraphs requesting prayer on wished to stop its importation .the chiefs were ready to accept the Situation. They were willing to accept

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

social, political and missionary mat- in 1911. In the years between his ters are inserted in the monthly mag- withdrawal from active missionary azine of the Samoan Mission. During service and his going to Kuling, Mr. the annual missionary conference, Foster acted as honorary pastor of united prayer meetings are held. Hankow Union Church. He was in Nearly 800 persons were present in the fore front of the many social 1919. An annual booklet is published and moral movements in China, and in Samoan, describing missionary ac- had a prominent part in the fight tivities, not only in Samoa, but on the against the opium traffic. Gilbert Islands and those in Papua and northern New Guinea. Fifteen Baron Nicolay of Russia hundred copies of the 1919 edition had to be printed to meet the demand. BARON Paul Nicolay, whose death occurred at Wiborg, Finland, early The Prayer Union is a source of in October, was one of the contribuhelp and encouragement to the native tors of this REVIEW. He carried on Samoan pastors. an important work among students in Russian universities and at the time Queensland Aborigines when students were forbidden to hold public meetings, was in the habit of THERE are, it is estimated, 17,000 inviting small groups to his home, to aborigines in Queensland, grouped bring them under the influence of the in three settlements. Ten mission Gospel. When Dr. John R. Mott stations, subsidized by the British visited Russia, and held large gather- Government, are engaged in educating ings of students, Baron Nicolay acted and uplifting these aborigines. The as interpreter. system aims at settling the natives on small holdings of their own, with a The war compelled Baron Nicolay view to their becoming self-support- to leave Russia, and his last two and ing. Surplus produce is disposed of a half years were spent quietly in at cooperative stores, each settlement Finland. having one of these under supervision of the government. Frederick N. Jessup of Persia OBITUARY NOTES A cablegram received on Decem- ber 9th announces the death of Arnold Foster of China Frederick N. Jessup, an American Presbyterian missionary in Persia. THE death of Mr. Arnold Foster, Mr. Jessup was the son of the late missionary to China of the Lon- Henry H. Jessup of Beirut, Syria don Missionary Society since 1871, and was graduaed from Princeton took place at Kuling, China, July 30, University in 1897. He has been 1919. Mr. Foster's field of service in Persia for nearly twenty years was in Hankow until 1899 when he where he has been one of the most was transferred to Wuchang, and highly valued workers. He died there he served until his retirement of pneumonia after a brief illness.

MISSIONARY

The Christian .Movemc:nt in the Japa- stor.J:' wit~. a st<l;tement in regard to hIS rehglOus Me. This is char- + nese Emplre. EdIted by Edwin acterized by service for mankind and by the will to do God's will. Tay.Ipr ~gIehart. 12mo. 4S0pp. There are statements and posi- XXVIl wIth charts. Conference of ti~ns in this chapter that may be Federated Missions. Tokyo Mis- mIsunderstood and misinterpreted, but they are the honest statements sionary Education Movement. New of a useful Christian man. Dr. Grenfell seems to believe in a re- York. 1919. ligion of good works, not only as a test of true Christianity, but as This new volume of a valuable the basis of salvation. He says that what Mr. Moody did for him year book is packed full of infor- at his "conversion" was "just to show that under all the shams and mation in regard to Japan, Korea externals of religion was a vital call in the world for things that I could and For~osa. While chiefly con- do." A man's intellectual -attitude toward Christ does not now rtrouble cerned With Christian missions and Dr. Grenfell, and his own theologi- cal views seem to be hazy. N everviewing all matters from a Chris- theless he says: "Christ now means more to me as a living tian viewpoint, the authors and presence than when I laid more emphasis on the dogmas concerneditors contribute much general in- ing Him."

f<?rmation. There is a general re- While we cannot agree with Dr. Grenfell in minimizing the imporview of the year in Japan, written tance of what a man believes the truth for which one stands and the by the editor, and a history of authority on' which he bases the convictions that determine conduct, sixty years of Christian progress n~vertheless we fully agree with hIS emphasis on the necessity for by Rev. H. S. Wainwright. The a Christlike life and in good works as an evidence of living faith. No evangelistic, medical, eydouucnagtiopneaol~ doubt Dr. Grenfell really gives a literary, social service, larger place to creed than he ac- knowledges. pIe's and union work are described The book is written III the by various authors in an illuminat- charmingly informal style that is ing way. Here we learn for exam- characteristic of Dr. Grenfell. It ple of the institutional church is entertaining and stimulating-a work in city evangelism, the recent bo?k which men especially will enJoy. labor movements in Japan, and the Christianizing Christendom. By Rev. Chosen Christian College. There S. L. MO.rris, D. D. 12m~ 206 pp. PresbyterIan Committee of Publiare also missionary directories and cation, Richmond, Va.

statistical tables of value. There This text book, by the Executive is almost nothing on the Korean Independence Movement.

A Labrador Doctor: By WiIfred T.

Grenfell. Illustrated. 8vo. 441 pp.

$4.00. Houghton, Mifflin Co., Bos- ton. 1919.

Many friends of Dr. Grenfell, the picturesque and heroic mission- ary to Labrador, will welcome his -own story of his life and work.

It is a book of facts, of confes- :sions, o~ adventures, of hardships; 1t descnbes the home life and the training of school days, the young doctor's experiences in East Lon- don, the influence of D. L. Moody's preaching, the work for North Sea :fishermen, the lure of the Labra- dor, the tours and ltehcetureus~iqthuee ice-pan adventure, courtship and marriage, and the war work. Dr. Grenfell closes his Secretary of Home Missions of the leyan Methodist, first takes up the Presbyterian Church in the United necessity of girding ourselves to States, is an able exposition of a new battle-a battle at home for Home Missions. Dr. Morris starts righteousness and brotherhood. If with the teachings of Christ as the the world is to be saved from disbasis for his study an Christendom, aster, the Church must keep her cooperation, unity, Arne ric an soul awake. He calls for a league churches, the present crisis, race of churches to promote unity in problems and the new era. _As a Christian work. He asks for a new study of principles and problems it test of a Christ'ian-namely, the is naturally less picturesque than likeness of the individual to Jesus some other studies of peoples and Christ. He emphasizes the need places, but the arguments are con- for Christian ideals in social and vincing and the principles enun- industrial relationships. Here are ciated are fundamental to a right chapters to stimulate thought and eonception of missionary responsi- life and to furnish material for biJi,ty. sermons. Dr. Morris uses telling facts and charts to show that Home Mis- The Social Gospel and the New Era. sions in America constitute a large By John Marshall Barber, Ph. D. factor in world evangelization. He 12mo. 232 Pp. $1.75. The Macdefines Christianity as "the Spirit millan Co. 1919. of Christ in action" and differentiates between evangelizing and The Church, on the one hand, Christianizing. He makes the ar- and society, on the other, are the resting statement that "America is two chief factors considered in this being paganized faster than the well balanced study of the "Social world is being evangelized" and Gospel." It is a comprehensive shows conclusively that while some and careful presentation of the subtowns may be over-churched, ject from the Christian point of America is not over-churched. view of a professor in Boston Cni- Those who come to this land must versity. He treats of the Kingbe brought under the s~ay of dom of God as "a subjective state Christ and this country must become Christian or she will be a of the individual, * * * a present menace to the world. objective state in society * * * and Social Christianity in The New Era. a future event," emphasizing the By Chaplain Thomas Tip 1a d y. social idea of the Gospel rather 12mo. 190 pp. $1.25. Fleming H. than the more fundamental rela- Revell Co., New York. 1919. tion of the individual to the King- dom of God. Both phases of the The author of "The Cross at the subject need to be emphasized, for Front" has written a new message while the basis of all Christian to explain the lessons he has social service is a right relationlearned from the war. Mr. Tip- ship to God, through Christ, this lady describes some things he saw must produce a right relationship and draws his conclusions as to" the between man and man. Granted' state of society, the needs of men, that men agree upon an ideal, the and the opportunity and responsi- one thing needful is power to realbility of the Church. He calls for ize that ideal. Here is where many a practice of Christian idealism in preachers of the "social Gospel'" business, in the State and in social fail. They try to change men's life; in the relations of capital and lives before they change their labor, the relations of the sexes hearts. and the training of children. Dr. Barber gives some very prac- Chaplain Tiplady, who is a Wes- tical suggestions for the promotion of organized Christianity, the de- velopment of Christian leadership, the relation of the Church to so- racial characteristics and the politcial and economic life and the ical, economic, social, religious and religious education of. children. He educational phases of their life. rightly defines religious education These factors must all be taken as "the effort to impart a knowl- into account in order correctly to edge of the ideals and teachings analyze and to understand the of Jesus Christ and to develop such problem. loyalty to them as will induce the individual to maintain a conscious The book is well written and is fellowship with God and to prac- pervaded by a spirit of fairness tice Christian helpfulness." He and by a w.holesome optimism. It voices the need for a high order suggests plans which are construcof Christian teachers and of Chris- tive and practical, though there is tian leadership in our churches and no attempt to outline a compreother educational institutions. He hensive program for a complete quotes Professor Athern who says: solution of the probelm. "15,000,000 children in America receive no religious guidance what- Ruling Lines of Progressive Revelation. ever" and that "over 35,000,000 By Rev. W. Graham Scroggie. people over ten years of age are l2mo. 144 pp. 4s. 6d. Morgan outside the membership of any and Scott, London, 1919. church." Dr. Scroggie, a reverent and con- In view of these and other facts servative Bible student, has writit is essential that ,Christians take ten several helpful books on Bible up more seriously the task pre- study and prayer. His latest volsented in the unchurched or over- ume is a series of studies to show churched rural communities and in the unity and harmony of the Bithe congested and foreignized cit- ble. These studies include, beies. The volume is worthy of care- sides an introduction on the unity ful and discriminating study. of Scripture, The Dispensations, the Advents, PrGlphecy, The Types Our Italian Fellow Citizens. By Dr. and the Kingdom and Church. Francis E. Clark. Illustrated. 12mo. They are brief outlines with many 217 pp. $1.50. Small Maynard, Bos- quotations from Scripture which ton, Mass. offer an excellent basis for more complete investigation and for ad- The national life of America will dresses on these subjects. be profoundly affected by the admixture of Italian blood, and the The Soul of America. By the Rev. interests of this country demand Charles L. Thompson. D. D. LL .D. that the Italians who come to our 12mo. 251 pp. $1.25. Fleming H. shores be Americanized and Chris- Revell Co. 1919. tianized. Dr. Francis E. Clark, the founder of the Christian En- Home Missions have been a deavor movement, has written this mighty force in the development of book for the purpose of creating a America, and the one agency that sympathetic attitude toward these has prevented America from los- Italians. This sympathy is an es- ing her soul. Dr. Thompson, who sential prerequisite for the success was for some years secretary of the of Christian work among them, and Presbyterian Board of Home Misis born, not of mere sentimentality, sions, gives in this volume the but of a better acquaintance with main contributions of Presbyterian the people themselves. The author Home Missions to America's presvisited the districts and towns ent strength. He goes back to ·the whence our Italian immigrants early days of the Puritans and have come, and there had oppor- guides us along through the years tunity to study at close range their of growth and progress as the representatives of the Church swept westward, touched the Indians, entered the Yukon, endeav- speaks from knowledge gain.ed. by ored to regenerate the immigrants, residence in Mexico as a miSSIOnto rejuvenate the country churches ary, by travel in these troubled and to reach Spanish speaking peo- days, by study and by interviews ples. Dr. Thompson is a lucid and and correspondence. He is now forceful writer, a statesman whose secretary of the "Committee on view point is to be sought. Cooperation in Latin America."

The Foundations of Mormonism. By Mr. Inman reviews the various Wm. E. La Rue. Illustrated. 12mo. aspects of the Mexican problem, 243 pp. $1.25. Fleming H. Revel! and gives facts with which we Co. 1919. ought to be familiar. There are many conflicting reports and opin- Mr. LaRue writes as only one ions, and a layman needs a guide brought up in the Mormon church to find the way out of the intricould write. He has brought to- cate maize of the puzzle. With gether facts from original docu- many illuminating facts and fitting ments and from first hand knowl- incidents Mr. Inman shows the need edge that will greatly strengthen for reliable sources of information. those who wish to combat the If this is true of Americans, it is Mormon propaganda. The book much more true of Mexicans. With contains a challenge to Mormons less experience in international reand a warning to those Who are in- lations, with few reliable newsdifferent to the Mormon menace. papers, and with multitudes un- able to read, it is little wonder After a brief description of the that they misjudge American incharacter of Morm@nism, Mormon tentions and are easily led to behistor:y, Joseph Smith and the Mor- lieve that the United States wishes mon sacred books, :,Mr. LaRue to swallow up their fatherland. (who is now a Baptist clergyman) Mexico is emerging from autocexplains clearly Mormon doctrines racy, and has not yet learned and institutions. The book is not self-control and eplightened selfas extreme in its denunciations as are some other anti-Mormon writ- government. Mr. Inman assures ings, it is not so entertainingly us, however, that order is coming written as Mr. Cannon's or so full out of chaos, and that the Caras Mr. Linn's volumes, but it ranza government will make good makes an excellent practical and if America will be patient. Alauthoritative handbook on the sub- ready Mexico has won in its conject. test for the breaking up of landed estates, for a readjustment of taxes, Intervention in Mexico. By Samuel for the right of suffrage and for Guy Inman. 12mo. 248 pp. $1.50. the elimination of the Church from The Association Press, New York. politics. They now need educa- 1919, tion and self-control.

Mexico is a live topic today in The progress made in the past political, in business and in re- decade. is clearly outlined in Mr. ligious circles. It is a thorn in the Inman's volume, and the character side of Uncle Sam, and of the of Carranza is held up for admira- Roman hierarchy. Few Americans tion. On the other hand the faults understand the Mexican. people or of the United States and of Amerthe Mexican problem. They only icans in dealing with Mexico are know what some of the newspa- exposed, and many acts of injuspers print, and that is either wholly tice are rightly condemned. – false or only part of the truth. "The Americans who have re- Looking at Mexico through Mr. Inman's eyes we see the country, mained in Mexico," says Mr. Inthe people and the Carranza gov- man, "are the ones who now seem ernment very sympathetically. He to have the most hope for the and forces. Among these are the country," and h'e backs up this influence of foreign missions on hope with concrete facts. He also the war and vice versa; the relagives us his program for the solu- tion of Christianity to the race tion of the Mexican problem. It problem; the relation of medical is worthy of careful consideration. work and education. to evangelism; In a word, no one who wishes to western civilization' and theology judge Mexico fairly, and to speak and eastern life and thought; miswith a knowledge of facts, can sionary life and ideals and the reafford to overlook Mr. Inman's lation of the Church to present valuable contribution to the dis- day problems. cussion of the question. "Shall America Intervene in Mexico?" The battle th~t is still being waged all over the world is the Ruling Lines of Progressive Revela- old battle between selfishness and tion. By Rev. W. Graham Scroggie. service of others, between worldly l2mo. 144 pp. 45. 6d. Morgan and ideals and Christian ideals, be- Scott. London, 1919. 'tween shortsighted human ambi- 'These studies in the unity and tion and the all-inclusive Divine harmony of the Bible as a divine program. But as Dr. Speer says, revelation, will be helpful to min- "If ever there was a time when isters and missionaries who wish selfishness in individuals or in nato be strengthened in their con- tions appeared mean and insufferfidence in the Bible and to study able, that time is now." There are the Advents, Dispensations,-Proph- however, still multitudes of men, ecies, and types of Scripture. The who claim to be Christian, who book strengthens belief in the au- are distinctly provincial, for their thority, practical value and uniqueness of the Bible. practical interest in humanity ex- tends only to their own nation. The Gospel and the New World. By Robert E. Speer. 8vo. 313 pli. Jesus Christ came to save the $2.00 net. Fleming H. Revell Co., world, and men today are in as 1919. much need of His atonement, His salvation, and His Lordship as This volume presents no new they ever were. The great need Gospel for the old world as so today is for the Gospel of Jesus many others profess to do. It is the world and not the Gospel that Christ. changes and there is no new remedy for the disease that has always The Christian Life and How to Live affected mankind and appears in It. By W. H. Griffith Thomas, D. D. different forms. 12mo. 127 'pp, 75 cents net. B. 1. Colportage Ass'n. Chicago. 19T9. Dr. Speer describes some of the signs of change, especially those These practical studies in Chriswrought by the war. He points tian life will appeal to many who out some evidences of the new age would not be helped by contro- -physical solidarity, economic unity, and political rapprochement. versy or apologetics. He shows that the Church of Christ has today a great task and The Modern Conflict Over .the Bible. responsibility as a witness to the By G. W. McPherson. 12mo. 214 truth, to God's love, to man's hu- pp. $1.25 net. Published by the manity, to righteousness, to serv- author. Yonkers. N. Y. ice and to the power of God to transform the world. This volume deals simply and di- rectly with the inspiration of the The author deals with some Bible, the evidence gathered from great facts, principles, problems experience, from science, from the Bible itself; touches briefly on the Second Coming, the Resurrection, the Judgment, and opposes the at- tacks on inspiration waged by new theology, rationalism, etc. MISSIONARY PERSONALS HON. ROBER'I' LANSING, Secretary of State, hal;' accepted the chairmanship of the General Committee of the Interchurch World Movement, succeeding Mr. F. W. Ayer.

••• REv. MII.ES B. FISHER, D. D., has resigned from the Congregational Education Society to become Missionary Education Secretary of the Interchurch World Movement.

*** For my sermons, I use the large, bold type. BISHOP CHARI.ES SUMNER BURCH was in- Then by "Just turning stalled as head of the Protestant Episcopal the knob" t~ ~ Diocese of New York, to succeed Bishop Greer, on October 28. Representative t'l1ae loa "&a.iI. ~c,. "' clergymen of the Presbyterian, Reformed, Methodist Episcopal, Congregational and ~,.'~a.t& cc",,&&~c~il.e~o&. Lutheran churches were present. Ny Sunday ~choo£ .Qtic,s, *** REV. W. C. WILLOUGHBY, the first principal of the London Mis;>ionary Society at Tiger Kloof, South Africa, has been appointed professor of African Missions in the Kennedy School of Missions ;:It Hartford, Conn.

••* "Many Typewriters In One"

REv. C. A. R. JANVIER, D. D., President of M~T:.t~I~x 11:~ln!:~~d it~ sok~~~~~~l1 ~~~ Ewing Christian College, Allahabad, India, is spending his first furlough in America ALL clanell 0/ people' We can tell since he accepted the presidency. you in /011." words: ••• Because of it. ve,.satility!

REv. K. U ZAKI, Pre~ident of the Metho- The M ultlplt::Ix H ammon.oJ does everydist Episcopal Mission School "Chinzei thin c any o thi rer typewriter will do, Gakuin," at Nagasaki, Japan, has been and bnide, you ,.Just turn the elected Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Japan, to succeed Dr. Hiraiwa. knob" you can chan~6 trom one style or type, or (rom one 'an~ua!{e. to an- *** ,la, other. ' Note the abo-e specimen MISS REN HAMAGUCHI, who exerted a (slightly ….od"'·ed) all writ',n on wide influence on the life of Japan as Bible SAME ma~hine woman, died August 15. Miss Hamaguchi's varied service covered a period of almo~t No Other Typewrite,: Can Do Thl. twenty-eight years, and included that of Sunday School Superintendent, worker among No matter .IIA. women, pastor's assistant and interpreter for missionaries. you vet wha' you are, or wh.re you • •• ……. the Multiplex Hammond is the PROF. MARAIS of the Theological Semi- wrltID g machine nary at Stellenbosch, South Africa, died at for YOU. Mall the end of August. Prof. Marais helped to the coupon for found the many educational institutions free folder which have made Stellenbosch a center of learning for South Africa. Also a PORTABLE Model ••• Full capacity. Weight.hout 11 pounda. Ask for opociaJ folder. Mailed tr_ MR. BASIl. MA'I'HJ;WS, editorial secretary' of the London Missionary Society, has been Inquire ..bout .peelal term. to invited by the Conference of British MiE- prol…donal. sionary Societies to establish a missionary press bureau, including the fouhding of a ____________ Free Folder ____________• general British missionary magazine. THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. 577 Ea.t '9,h St.., New York City.

NuPneI____s_e_nd__f_re_e__F_o_ld_e_r_&_0_:_______ A~___________________ Occupa1ilon _ _ _-'-_~,__– (Continued on page xi) Pleiure meliflGn TD~·. . . .'1jjp'" 'iciii:»';."_ _ to;~y….u""'· NEW BOOKS II NEW BIBLE Approaches Toward Church Unity. By TEXTS Newman Smythe and Williston Walker. 12mo. 170 pp. $1.25. Yale The Building of the Kingdom University Press. 1919.

By Abnira Holmes Living; Christ and Some Problems of A discussion course. The foundation Today, (The). By Charles Wood. stones for Building the Kingdom of 12mo $1.25. Fleming H. Revell Com- God are: Faith in God, Faith in Christ, pany, New York. 1919. Faith in the Bible, Faith in the Church, Prayer and Vision. A text which will Manual of American Citizenship. By be welcomed by teachers and workers E. N. Hardy. $0.50. American Tract for individual study and for use in Society, New York. 1919. class work. Net, Paper, 25c. The Negro: An American Asset. By S. J. Fisher. 12mo. 186 pp. $0.60 Board of Freedmen. Pittsburgh, Pa. 1919.

Winning the Jews to Christ. F. B. Solin. 108 pp. $1.00. Christian Mis- sion to Israel, Chica.go. 1919.

Studies in Knowing Jesus Christ 6000 Country Churches. By Charles Otis Gill and Gifford Pinchot. 12mo. By Helen Thoburn 237 pp. $2.00. The Macmillan Com- Eight lessons on finding the way to pany, New York. 1919. God as one grows up. .The principles of Jesus translated into school-girl Your Study Bible. By John Weaver language. This will be eagerly wel- Weddell. 12mo. 184 pp. $1.00. The comed by all teachers of younger girls. Sunday School Times. Philadelphia. Net, Paper, 40c.; Boards, 6Sc. 1919.

The Golden Word The Ministry of the Word. By G. Campbell Morgan. 12mo. $1.25 By Katharine L. Richards Fleming H. Revell Company, New Studies in some great personalities of York. 1919. the Bible~prophets, heroes, lawgivers -which show that Jesus was the end The Acts of the Apostles. By T. and the beginniug. "Who do men say Walker. 12mo. 586 pp. $1.60. The I am? Some say John the Baptist; Macmillan Company. New York. some Elijah; some Jeremiah, or one of the ·prophets." Not for younger 1919. girls, not for advanced Bible students -just "in between. J) Progressive Ideals of Christian Work Net, Paper, 7Oc. in China. Edited by Frank Rawlin- son. $0.60. Edw. Evans & Sons. Shanghai. 1919.

New Missionary Map of China. $1.00 (Mex.) Kwang Hsiieh Publishing House, Shanghai. 1919.

Paul the Conqueror New Life in the Oldest Empire. By Charles F. Sweet. 12mo. 185 pp. By Mary Redington Ely $1.25. The Macmillan Company. New York 1919. The story of Paul's 'life of conquest; o Hana San, A Girl of Japan. By conquest of his earlY training, heritage C. C. A. Hutchinson. 12mo. 160 pp. and environment in the moment of 2s. net. Church Missionary Society. London. 1919. revelation and decision on the Damas- cus road, and then the conquest of Africa-Slave or Free. By John H.

endless hardships and opposition in Harris. 6s. net. Anti-Slavery and the long .years of establishing the Aborigines Protection Society. Lon- Church. don. 1919. .

Net, Paper, 60c.; Boards,8Se. Conscripts of Conscience. .A Plea for BOOKSHOPS EVERYWHERE, or Medical Missions. By Caroline At- water' Mason. 12mo.· 156 pp. $1.00 THE WOMAN'S PRESS Fleming H. Revell Company. New 500 Lftmllon An., York 1919."

*Korea's Fight for Freedom. By. F. A. McKenzie. Fleming H. Revell' Com- pany, New Y.ork. 1919.

Please mention TmI' JIlBBIOlll'AJI'I' R8VdIW or 'tID Wou.o Ill. 1t1ftIng to adl'ett…… MISSIONARY PERSONALS Continued from page IX S. EARL TAYLOR, FRJlD B. FISHER and CHARLES H. PRATT, who sailed for Europe late in October on a mission connected with the Interchurch World Movement in Great Britain and the Continent, have recently re- turned to America.

'" * * MR. FRANK L. BROWN, general secretary of the World's Sunday School Association, has recently returned from a brief vis-it to England. He went to confer with British representatives of the Association concerning the Sunday-school work in Europe, and to discuss plans for the World Sunday School Convention in Tokyo next October.

'" '" * MR. CHARI,]S ROBlRTS, Under Secretary Standard but Portable of State for India in Mr. Asquith's cabi- net, has accepted the presidency of the The only Portable Projector that meets all Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protective Church, School, Hall and Theatre require- Society. ments.

'" '" '" Just as much difference between the Zenith and other Standard projectors as there is be- REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D. D., has re- tween Grandfather's Clock and the Wrist turned from a two months' trip to Europe Watch, where he served as chairman of s.everal committees on foreign mission work and The Zenith will show a picture as far, as Protestant relief work. large, and clear as any projector, regardless 01 size or price. '" '" '" Practically Indestructi ble. Fireproof, dust DR. BORCHGREVINK, a distinguished mem- proof, and fool proof, having fewer parts to ber of the Norwegian Mission in Madagas- wear out Or to get out of order. Any man or car, recently passed away, after more than woman of average intelligence can set it up forty years of medical mission service. and have a picture on the screen in five minutes. '" '" * Equipped with high grade Gundlach Lens I and Condensers, Universal Motor, operating on direct or alternating current, Speed Regu- BISHOP WILLIS, of the C. M. S., Uganda, lator, Framer, Automatic Fire Shutter, has received the Order of the British Empire Handowser and Safety Fire Valves. in recognition of his mis~ionary service in East Africa during the war. The Stereopttcon attachment is perfect for Lectures, Advertising and School Purposes. * * '" Operated by hand or motor by attaching MR. FI,ETCHER S. BROCKMAN, of the Iu- it to any electric light socket. ternational Y. M. C. A., and Mrs. Brockman have recently sailed for China on a five Reels can be rewound without removing months' tour of inspection of Y. M. C. A. from magazine or exposing to fire. work in that country. Mr. Brockman is one of the great spiritual leaders at the head- Set it in your Buggy or Automoblle and quarters of the International Committee. take it to your Mission, to Church and School * '" * ::tbcln;;:rl: bl Picnics, to Lawn Parties and Bazaars. The Zenith is sold on its merits Blld backed a guar- REv. A. W. HOWEI,LS, an African pastor ;::f~~b~t;ok~k~::::i~':t ~h~::gw~ in the Niger Delta, has been selected to succeed Bishop James Johnson in the diocese recommend higher priced and inferior machines. of WestemEquatorial Africa. Mr. Howells has- done valuable work as a translator, and No profiteering on the Zenith has issued several publications in the Yoruba language. Elfclrie motor drive machine is $235.00. The hand drive maehine is $195.00. The stereopticon is $25.00 extJ:8. Electric Motor dri~and Stereopticon can be attached at any time.

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. At The juggernauts of diplomacv and> commerce t he Crossroads plunge across Turkey's hills and plains. For Tur- key lies at the crossroads of the world. Death and " destruction hang over her former subject peoples o f the W or and her own. War once more threatens, unless Id 'I'urkey's problem is solved. Today 'I'urkey and her (ld subject peoples turD to America, begging us to bring order and construction out of chao" and decay. But in "1onstantinople seethes Imperia] intrigue, a.nd the Allied censors aJ.low DO American news to be published. Yours Is the responsibility to decide. Shall America hold out her ha.nd to the Turk and the Armenian, the Arab aD~h~~,!e:ri,o~:3~~~~:~Jat~~r~~~~r ~eh!rr;og1~h~~~r~of: ~oU~ke;~e ~1~f;~~~~e~~rg~~~d <!'~JoW~:~ all demand a slice. You can learn the reality-in the December AS I A The American Magazine on the Orient Jackson Fleming, 8 speCial correspondent for ASIA in "'the Captain Alan Batt. Brittab 81rman who escaped trom a Turkish Near East, Is one man who Is on the spot IlDd Is t.elllng the whole prISOn, tellF.I the strange story of tbe dereltcta of war-time Constantistory to America. nople, opium smuggling and bUlUan rreight–"Stowaways. Inc." Maurice Brown tells ot the memories or men a.nd women, and rom- The Story that Postponed the ance in the adventure or Eastern Days and nights-oil Remem ber" London Opera Season a Month Walter B. Harrls bas 8 most amazing story or the old Sultan 0; Morocco. Lowell Thomas. telling tn LondOn his great awry at Col. Lawrence, Prince of Mecca. and Arabia. has so thrilled tremendous Asia the Beautiful Brit18l1 a.udlences from the merest Tommy to Lloyd George. twIce dally at Convent Garden, that London has: postponed Its opera sea- ASIA Is not Just a. magazine-it Is a thing ot beauty with It!!! SOD ODe montb to continue to hear him. HiS relIl&rkable story 1~ runntng in ASIA. ~£~t~ar~en:~:ia~ff~rrta:H~ut:i~r~YISrefo~~~:~b~C; CONTENTS FOR DECEMBER who has dlscrhnlnatioD and a love of the beautifUl-and who wanta to know what is going on in a. new·old world of 900,{)OO.OOO people. Portraits-Emir Fei.al, Archayne Torcom, Sir Bhupendra Singh John Dewey, now l1vtng In China, explains to you the pay·ehol- ogy of the Chmese and its bearing on their international position. uMan Is a Shadow on a Crumbling Wall" Frontispiece HiS contributions to American education a.re beyond price, because J Remember …………….. .By Maurice Brown he understands the human mind. Now he has performed the dlm- cult teat at understanding the Chinese mind and explaining It. Illustrations by Willred Jones Mandates. for Turkish Territories .. .By J. Fleming This month he shows how the tuture or a.ny new world order 18 Charle. Lang Freer and His Collectlon .••……. involved In Turkey.

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The Missionary Review of the World — December 1919

~ Catalog of

THE MISSIONARY ILE'VIEW.fr6get DECEMBER, 1919 SOME SIGNS OF THE TIMES CHURCH UNION IN INDIA CHINESE HOME MISSIONS THE JAPANESE IN SHANTUNG A MESSAGE FROM SYRIA RECONSTRUCTION AND THE CHURCH CHARLES R. ERDMAN , THE PROBLEM OF ASIATICS N AMERICA CHARLES D. HURREY A WOMAN DOCTOR IN INDIA ELIZABETH G. LEWIS MORAL AND RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN JAPAN c. J. L. BATES JEWISH EVANGELIZATION IN AMERICA THOMAS M. CHALMERS $2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COpy MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK AND 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK CITY Brings the Orient to Your Door enables you to rest comfortably in your easy chair. and. at your leisure. select by mail, with absolute confidence. from the largest collection of Oriental goods in America. present- ed by an establishment which for over half a century has been the headquarters for the best the Orient produces. Write today for this free book. Simply send your name and address on a post card-addressed to Department 5 and the book will be forwarded postpaid by return mail.

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Pleas. mention Tllll MISSIONAlIT ~BVIEW 01' THII WOaLD In writing to advertise.. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor.

CONTENTS FOR DECEMBER, 1919 FRONTISPIECE-WAITING TO SEE THE; DOCTOR, MISS SAHIBA, IN INDIA.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES . . 903 CHURCH UNION IN INDIA CHINE:SE: HOME: MISSION MOVE:ME:NT A ME:SSAGE FROM SYRIA OPPORTUNITIES IN FRANCE: THI<: ]APANE:SE: AND MISSIONS IN SHANTUNG EDITORIAL COMMENT . 912 THE: COST OF PRAyn MISSIONARY DIPI,OMACY RECONSTRUCTION AND THE CHURCH By REV. CHARI,I(S R. ERDMAN, D. D. 915 A clear statement of the responsibility of the Church in the present crisis to maintain the p'roper balance between spiritual and social ideals for human betterment. THE PROBLEM OF ASIATICS IN AMERICA. . By CHAR~ES D. HURREY 920 The facts in regard to Orientals in the United States, and the Christian in- fluences brought to bear on them.

A WOMAN DOCTOR'S OPPORTUNITY IN INDIA By ELIZABETH G: LEWIS, M. D. 924 A well written account of a medical missionary's experience and some of her conclusions.

MORAL AND RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN JAPAN By C. J. L. BATES 928 The facts that Americans should know in order 10 understand the problems and dangers of Japanese domination in Asia.

AN AFRICAN'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY. . . . . . . By DONALD FRASE:R 923 The remarkable story of Daniel Uklane, an African Christian, as told by himself.

JEWISH EVANGELIZATION IN AMERICA. . By THOMAS M. CHAI,MIlRS 946 Important facts about tke 3,000,000 Hebrews in America, and the steps taken for their evangelization.

A RED CRESCENT NURSE IN TURKEY. . . . By MRS. 1. T. ME:RRILL 949 A thrilling star}' of how an Armenian girl became the "Boss" of Turkish officials.

BEST METHODS FOR SHUT-INS. . Edited by MRS. E. C. CRONK 953 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARMB;R 963 A MESSAGll RINGING BnI,s THE: DEPU'tATION NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 967 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 981 THE INDEX FOR 1919 . 983 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1919, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y, under the Act of March 3, 1879.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

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ROBItR't E. SPEER, President DEI,AVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary FRANK L. BROWN, Vice·President WALTER McDoUGAI,I" Treasurer December IO!!! L a s t Day! MARK TWAIN .

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MARK TWAIN 25Volumes Into Chinese and Russian, into Polish and French. into the years from now-the demand for his books "is so heavy that we languages in every queer corner of the world Mark Twain has will always make them. no matter what the ,cost. But we will been translated. have to charge a pri.ce for them so high that they will hecome a luxury beyond the reach of most men. No American home can be without Mark Twain, for he is the spi.rit of America. Get your set while the price is low. GLt your set now. Go back with Mark Twain and be a boy again. You can always get a set of Mark Twain—-rtext year. ten 'Jf.f!i"'T.!I.)r)oW,~&cllPi aMinarek'TswLailnfe…o…f " Large Vols.

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PERSONALS

The DR. G. SHERWOOD EDDY, who has made "tl eleven months' tour of Japan, China, Underwood-Dixon fndia and the Near East, arrived in New AMERICANIZATION SERIES York in October. Dr. Eddy expecb soon to issue a new book "Everybody's World,"

reviewing political and religious condi- tions in the countries visited.

*** R8V. JAMes L. BARTON, D. D., of the American Board of Foreign Missions, has Teaches patriotic citizenship and love of coun- returned to Boston from his mission of try; but that country must be a free country; a country where law and order reign supreme; mercy to the peoples of Turkey. Dr. a country where, because of its adherence to justice according to law, the salety and Barton organized. relief work with headhappiness of its citizens are made secure, and quarters in Constantinop1e, and personally every individual has the opportunity of developing the best that is in him, without visited much of the region between the regard to race, eolor or social standing. Black Sea and Egypt. He is convinced that America should assume a mandatorv for Armenia. – It must be a country where anarchy, mob- * * * MR. K. T. PAUL, a leadin<; member of law, and the designing few are unknown, because Justice-the supreme end of all the South India United Church. is in government-is administered with exactness, according to just and equitable laws, enacted America after spending some weeks in by the people and carried into execution by them, or their representatives, in " lawlul England.

way. * * * Rr.v. WII,LIAM FE'fLER. Director of the Russian Missionary and Educational In- stitnte and formerly an evangeli 5t in It must be a country, the government of Petrograd, expects to return to Russia which is a representative democracy, resting early in 1920. with the first group of mis- 'primarilY upon the will of the whole people, sionaries to be sent from the Institute.

constitutionally enacted, and lawfully exe- *** cuted. . MR. WILI,IAM SLOANE COFFIN, a brother of Dr. Henry Sloane Coffin, the pastor Our of Maoison Avenue Presbyterian Church, Americanization Course New York, has been elected to the presi- Visualizing United States History oency of the New York City Mission So- ciety, to succeed the late Dr. A. F.

covers the six most important periods in the Schauffier.

Evolution of Freedom *** REV. E. C. LOBICNSTINE, Secretary of the China Continuation Committee, who has been spending a year in New York City, Make your bookings now. returned to Sham;hai in September.

6 sets of 50 beautifully colored slides * * * DB. JOHN. R. Mon has been cited bv each, one rental, with manuscript $6.00 Secretary of Vvar Baker for "espe~ial1y Sellinlt price complete with manu- meritorious and conspicuous service."

script, per set $75.00 * * * EVANGF.LINE BOO'fH, Commander of the Lecture Sets for· Sale Salvation Army in the United States, has b~en awarded the Distino;uished Service We must make room for the constantly growing number of new sets and are therefore medal in recognition of her service duroffering a number of complete lecture sets at a discount, ranging from 25 to 75 per cent- ing- the war. at a price less than cost. Send for particulars. Price list in preparation. *** MR. J. GoFoR'rH, missionary to China of the Canadian Presbyterian Church, has decided to give up his local, denomina- tional work, in oroer to respond to calls Special Overstock Offer from all parts of China.

Send for particulars of our special over- * * * HON. JOHN WANAMAKER has been stock clearance offer. Slides at eight to. twenty-five cents each in lots of 10, 25, 50 cbosen chairman of the Executive Comand 100 on many countries and ,subjects. Large values while they last. mittee of the World Sunday School UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD Aswciation, to take the place so long Dept. uMR" occupied by H. J. Heinz.

417 Fifth Ave., New York City Rev. H. 1. ** * of the workers HEI,LYER, one connected with the Home Mission Board of the Presbyterian Church, was elected President of the Hebrew Christian Alli- ance. REV. S. B. ROHOLD was made Secretary-Treasurer.

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WAITING TO SEE THE DOCTOR SAHIBA IN INDIA

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL DECEMBER, 1919 Nmmma XLII TWELVE CHURCH UNION IN INDIA O NE of the most significant developments of church union on the mission field is taking place in South India, writes Dr. Sherwood Eddy, who has just returned from an evangelistic teur in Asia. The Anglican and the South India Churches have taken steps looking to the formation of a United Church of India. The South India.United Church already embraces in one organization all the Indian Christians formerly connected with the Congregationalists, the Dutch Reformed, the Free Church of Scotland, the Established Church of Scotland, and the Basel Missions of South India. The present movement ~s another step toward the ideal object of missiona.ry work which is to establish in every non-Christian nation one united Church of Christ.

A conference of India ministers was called last May at Tranquebar to consider the question of church union. Indian ministers of the four principal denominations working in South India were present, the Lutherans, Wesleyans, the Church of England and the South India United Church. After two days of prayer and conference a desire for organic union was manifested among the delegates of the two largest churches present, the Anglican and the South India United Church. They felt that they should now come together as followers of one Lord, united in the common task of winning India in this critical period of reconstruction. They came finally to unanimous agreement as to union, not on a basis of compromise but of IlOmprehension. These men included High Churchmen and Protestant Evangelicals, extreme Congregationalists, Presbyterians and . former members of Reformed Churches. Above their own denominations, they placed Christ and His Kingdom, and unanimously desired to form one United Church for India.

The plan recommended for the Church of the future in India includes three elements, the Congregational, utilizing the rights and 903

power of the laity and recognizing the universal priesthood of all believers, the Presbyterian or organized element, enabling the whole Church to come together in Synods, Councils and a General Assembly, and the executive, or Episcopal el'2ment, to strengthen the unity, continuity and efficiency of the united Church. In the early Apostolic Church there were these elements and nearly three-quarters of the Christians of the world are in Episcopal Churches (Anglican, Protestant Episcopal, Roman, Greek, Lutheran Episcopal, Methodist Episcopal, etc.) and the remaining one-quarter are divided into hundreds of different divisions, no one of which had the power of uniting the others. The hope of ultimate union on the mission field seems to be to return to a simple primitive basis, where the bishops shall be chosen by the Church and their powers limited and defined by it. A subsequent meeting of the foreign misl3ionaries of the South India United Church voted by twenty-nine votes to one to leave the decision of the question of union to the Indian Church and approved of the general basis adopted by the Indian ministers.

The statement agreed upon by the ministers in conference manifests a noble Christian [spirit and purpose. It is in part as follows: "We believe that union is the will of God, even as our Lord prayed that we might all be one that the world might believe. We believe that union is the teaching of Scripture, that 'There is one body, and one Spirit, even as also ye were called in one hope of your calling; one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all, who is over all, and through all, and in all.'

"We believe that the challenge of the present hour in the period of reconstruction after the War, in the gathering together of the nations, ;md the present critical situation in India itself, call us to mourn our past divisions and turn to our Lord Jesus Christ to seek in Him the unity of the body expressed in one visible Church~ We face together the gigantic task of the winning of .India for Christone"fifth of the human race. Yet confronted by such an overwhelming resppnsibility we find ourselves rendered weak and relatively impotent by our unhappy divisions-divisions for which we were not responsible and which have been, as it were, imposed upon us from without, divisions which we did not create, and which we do not desire to perpetuate.

"In seeking union, the Anglican members present Istand for the one ultimate principle of the historic Episcopate " .. .. The members of the South India United Church also make one condition of union, namely, the recognition of spiritual equality, of the universal priesthood of all believers, and of the rights of the laity to their full expression in the Church.

"Upon this common ground of the historic EpiJscopate and of spiritual equality of all members of the two Churches, we propose union on the following basis (1) The Holy Scripture of the Old

SIGNS OF THE TIMES 90S

and N~w Testaments, as containing all things necessary to salva- tion. (2) The Apostles' Creed and Nicene Creed. (3) The two Sacraments ordained by Christ Himself-Baptism and the Lord's Supper. (4) The Historic Episcopate, locally adapted. This' does not involve the acceptance of any theory of the origin of episcopacy nor any doctrinal interpretation of the fact. It is further agreed that the terms of union should involve no Christian community in the necestsity of disowning its past, and we find it no part of our duty to call in question the validity of each others' orders."

The plan proposed includes the consecration of bishops from the South India United Church, but not the reconsecration of other clergy by the bishops. Some means will be devised to permit minis- ters of either body to celebrate the communion in the churchel3 of the other body.

A conference of missionaries of the South India United Church, held at Kodaikanal May 13th, adopted a resolution unofficially ap- proving of "a constitutional episcopacy for the Church of India, provided it is desired by the Indian Church and provided that the l'esultant Church be autonomous and an independent entity, and remain in communion with oUwr rva1lgelical Churches of Christendom."

Further promise of progress towards union is seen in the cordial reception of an invitation to the Reformed Syrian Church of South India to join in the movement. The tradition is that this Church was founded by the Apostle Thomas in A. D. 52. For centuries this Church has maintained its existence in spite of persecution, and during the lm;t century has been thoroughly reformed and has returned to its apostolic simplicity. It has a married priest· hood, an open Bible, a simple evangelical faith, and is maintaining active and efficient missionary work in other parts of India. No Church has a mon~ d(jyout and spiritual leadership.

The coming together of thel3e three Churches upon the mission field would unite in one body the converts of the mission work of England, of Scotland and of America. The Anglican would contribute the strength and world-wide communion of the Western Church, the Syrians would bring their loyalty to primitive and apostolic simplicity, while the South India United Church would bring its evangelistic fervor, its d2vE'lopmpnt of the laity and the evident seal of God's blessing upon its ministry in its abundant life and service.

THE CHINFJRJiJ HOlfl1J MlRRIONARY MOV:BJMEWr F OR some time there has been a growing missioiHJ,ry spirit among Chinese Christians. This has led to the formation of Chinese Home Missionary Societies. One of these in Nanking is not only entirely a Chinese organization, but is inter-

denominational and aims to evangelize distant and unoccupied parts of China. Its officers and members are prominent Chinese Christians, and it is entirely supported by the native churches. They have sent out the following appeal: " Christ's instructions are, 'Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature. He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved, but he that disbelieveth shall be condemned.' These are not words to be idly reppated, but call for action. Nor are we to limit ourselves to anyone corner and take comfort thprcin. When we think of the multitudes to whom life is but it drunken sleep and death a fateful dream, whose is the responsibility if not that of the 300,000 Christians of China ~ Day and night this thought presseil on one with increasing agony. Jesus is the world's Saviour and His disciples must share His task. His word abides as a sacred commission for us and glad tidings for mankind.

Besides, Christianity stands for progress. * * "

"The idea of a Mission to Yunnan has gripped the hearts of many of us, including Dr. Mary Stone of Kiukiang, Drs. C. Y. Chen, W. P. Chen and Mr. David Yui, who have organized the movement. There are now seventeen foreign advisers. " * '* "Of the 12,000,000 people in Yunnan, there are only 7,413 Christians, with some ]50 chapels, 120 male and 5 f,emale evangelists, and 75 elementary school teachers. Foreign missionaries are proportionately few, and there is not one ordained Chinese preacher nor western-trained doctor. "Christians of China! Does not such a pitiful situation quicken your benevolent instincts? Or will you continue to 'sweep the snow from your own front door while neglecting the frost on your neighbors tiles ~' If the latter, then what advantage is there in your being one of the 300,000 Christians in the country? When we think of the 11,992,587 unbelievers in Yunnan and the sins by which they are threatened, it strikes us with horror. We cannot all go to Yunnan, but each can help. To you this may mean a small self-denial, but for those reached it will mean soul-salvation. Jesus said, 'It is better to give than to receive.' "

This Home Missionary movement is manned and sustained by the united Chinese churches, with a group of the strongest Christian leaders forming the committee which guarantees the maintenance of the work for one year. At the end of this time, it is hoped that sufficient momentum will have been acquired to carry the work forward. -Six trained and tested Chinese Christian men and women were consecrated for the work on Sunday, March 16th, at Martyr's Memorial Hall in Shanghai, when a crowd of deeply interested friends gathered. Chinese of the old school, with black satin skullcaps, sat side by side with young' students in foreign dress. Elderly Chinese women with "lily feet," were in contrast with rosy, basket-

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

ball, young Chinese girls from the mission schools. Behind the platform, on which sat the new missl0naries, was a large picture of a Gospel bell, the chosen emblem for this home missionary movement. The deputation consisted of Pastor and Mrs. Ding Li-Mei, Misses Chen and Lee and Pastors Sang and Lee, and Mrs. F. D. Gamewell, who was especially asked to accompany the party. Mr. David Yui, national secretary for the Y. M. C. A. iu China, presided, while representatives of different denominations and mission boards took part in the service. The Commission report was read, in which subscriptions and prayer was appealed for. One-half of the $6,000 asked for had been received.

Pastor Ding is an evangelist and a man of prayer, who, for twenty-three years, ~as longed to carry the Gospel to unevangelized portions of China. Mrs. Ding has been a kindergartner and expected to teach the Yunnanese children. Miss Chen has been a secretary of the Chinese temperance movement. Pastor Sang is a man of vigorous strength, which fits him to meet hard, primitive conditions in country places.

The charge to the missionaries was given by Dr. Cheng Ching-yi, secretary of the China Continuation Committee, also secretary of the committee financing the Movement.

The party looks for difficulties, hardships, perhaps even persecution, "to be driven from place to place." But they expect to work and fight for God, as God fights and works for them, in their new sphere of service. The year will be .spent in surveying the field, in conducting evangtelistic services and in strengthening and enlistiug the cooperation of Chinese Christians. On their return, the Commission will report to the entire Chinese Christian Church, and make arrangements for the establishment and maintainence of a permanent mission.

THE JAPANESE AND MISSIONS IN SHANTUNG- A NY who think that the activity of the devil is diminishing in his opposition to Christian mlssionary work should read the story of the antagonism to Christianity shown by the Japanese military authorities in Shantung. We can quote only a few of the items reported by a special correspondent living in the territory occupied by the Japanese. His account· gives another reason why Japanese control of Shantung should be terminated as speedily as possible. Our correspondent writes: "Shantung is the pivotal province between North and South Ohina; whoever controls it has also entrance to the vast coal deposits to the west. Since coming into Shantung Japan has consistently carried out a program of dispossessing the Chinese from their property and business, and of making things so uncomfort-

able for Americans and Europeans that they would leave Tsing- tao arid its environment. The .JapaneRe authorities have also apparently systematically sought to break down the morality and strength of the Chinese and to brpak up Christian mission work. When the Chinese labor battalions returned from France and when allotment money was paid by the British authorities to families of the laborers, the Japanese rushed in large numbers of prosti- tutes to entice the Chi1lese and obtain their money at the expense of their morals.

"The Japanese also interfered with the work of the public hospital i"n Tsingtao by so taxing the institution as to compel a large reduction of the staff of doctors and nurses. Nuisances were established· near the hospital that made it impossible for nurses and patients to sleep. These nuisances included a large house of prostitution which made the nights hideous. At the same time the Japanese silenced the bell of the Christian Church on the ground that it disturbed the patients in the Japanese hospital.

"Hostility to the American Presbyterian MiRsion, founded in Shantung in 1863 by Dr. Hunter Corbett, was manifested by the establishment by the Japanese of a large "red-light district" in Tsingtao across the road from the mission compound. The missionaries protested politely and strongly, but to no purpose. The entire Japanese population, including officials in uniform, attended the three days' opening of this Iihell-on-earth," including Sunday.

"Another evidence of .JapaneR8 desire to get rid of the American missionaries has been their insults to the ladies of the Mission on the streets; the unexpected intrusion of Japanese gendarmes in the Mission buildings; interference with Chinese servants employed in the Mission; unfounded accusations of seditious activity against Chinese teachers, followed by banishment; and the closing of the Mission School. Missionaries returning from the interior have been prevented from going to the Mission Compound. The self-supporting native church at Tsingtao has been broken up and its leading members have been driven away. The Mission will probably be compelled to sell its property for a nominal sum and move elsewhere. The Mission high school for girls, though outside the bounds of former German territory, has hem visited several times by Japanese soldiers who have annoYf'd and threatened the teachers and pupils.

"The Japanese have also imported Chinese ruffians into the district apparently for the express purpose of creating a false revolution to give a basis for new demands on China. Hobber bands have also been very active and there has been much murdering, torture and blackmail in connection with riots and robberies.

"Especial antagonism to Christianity is shown by the Japan-

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

ese effort to break the spirit of Chinese Christians. Fines are imposed on Christian villages; schools are entered and threatened; letters are opened and used for terrorization; travelers are searched for tracts and Bibles; and evangelists are seized and imprisoned.

" The Japanese are carrying on an active anti-American propaganda, accusing the missionaries of trading in opium, charging sedition, attacking the Shantung Christian University at Tsinanfu, and inculcating suspicion of Americans."

The storm of protest and indignation is rising among foreigners in China. Merchants, professional men, diplomats and missionaries are united in their condemnation of these Japanese policies and methods in Shantung. While it is not in the province of missionaries to put down wrong by political and military measures, Christians may unite in protest to the authorities and in prayer to God in behalf of China and the Chinese Christians.

A MESSAGE FROM SYRIA R EPRESENTATIVES of thirteen British and American Mis- . sionary Societies gathered for conference in Suk-el-Gharb, Mt. Lebanon, last summer (July 16 to 18) and carefully discussed the present conditions and outlook. They made recommendations and plans that should be brought to the notice of others interested in the Christian development of Syria and Palestine.

First: attention of American Peace delegates in Paris was called to the fact that while missionary societies are ready to accept governmental regUlations. and standards, still, in harmony with guarantees of religious freedom, private organizations should be guaranteed the right to give religious education and in the language best fitted to make the work effective.

Second: attention of Mission Boards and societies at home is called t9 large districts in Syria and Palestine that are inadequately occupied or unworked fields. These include Kasrawan (Lebanon), Damascus, Aleppo (with 240,000 inhabitants), the Nusariyeh Mountains, East of the Jordan and North Arabia. In these districts are large numbers of Moslems, Jews and backward Christian sects.

Third: favorable opportunities for Christian work have resulted from the expUlsion of the Turkish Government. Travel is fiwilitated and the people are eager for education and advancement. The relief work has openednlany hearts to Christianity.

Fourth: in order to promote unity and harmony in mission work among native churches, the Conference recommends such a nnion or federation of churches on the field as shall obviate existing difficulties.

Fifth: a permanent organization of the conference of mission-

aries was effected and to the Contjnuation Committee were en- trusted arrangements for future meetings, the incorporation of the Educational Union of Syria and Palestine, the arrangements for occupying new territory, the union training of missionary work- ers, the promotion of united publication interests, the development of Sunday-school work and the adjustment of financial questions of common interest to all missions.

Syria and Palestine have suffered unspeakably from the de- structive blight of the war, massacre, famine and pestilence, and the Christian Church in .America cannot be urged too earnestly to come to the' rescue. Over 600,000 people in Syria and Armenia were killed, and another 400,000 perished from hunger, exposure, disease and abuse. Thousands have not enough rags to cover them. The sick are without doctors or medicine and there are 200,000 orphans to be fed, clothed, sheltered and educated. Some of the noblest leaders of today are the orphans who were saved from the massacres of 1896 and trained for service. Relief work helps break down bigotry and to open human hearts to God's message. New liberty may be expected in education and for the printed page-already books and Bibles are in great demand. The great question is what will be the policy of the new government toward Islam? If French influence is paramount in Syria ,""ill they be solicitous lest the "religious susceptibilities of Moslems" be injured or will the new government stand boldly for truth, justice, mercy and progress in all matters relating to the physical, social, intellectual and religious life of the people7 THE OPPORTUNITY IN FRANCE ONE of the fields that calls for Christian evangelism today is France. Anyone who has been there during the last year, !Who has talked with the outstanding Protestant leaders, or has studied the situation, must have come to this conclusion. Either France will continue to be a country in which organized Christianity is a nominal factor in the life of the people, or it will move forward to a far larger recognition of the power of Christ.

At present it is said that only about Qne in three of the thirtyeight million inhabitants of France has even a formal relationship to the Roman Catholic Church, and about one in sixty a similar relationship to the Protestant Church. There are about 12,000,000 Roman Catholics attached to their Church and about 600,000 confessed Protestants, to whom may now be added 300,000 more who live in Alsace and Lorraine. There is in addition to these a mass of over 25,000,000 people upon whom neither church has any compelling hold. They are, nevertheless, more open-minded toward a simple, vital Gospel than ever before since the age of the Huguenots. The government, which for a long period has been anti-

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

clerical, is not anti-Christian. As never before the country needs the moral undergirding of a simple, vital religion.

With two million m!'n killed and wounded and as many more widows and orphans; with factori!'S and mines destroyed, with farms and orchards and cities laid waste in the northeastern ter- ritory; with taxes oppressive and prices for necessities of life out of reach, the plight of France is sad indeed. With God's help, however, she may rise on the stepping stone of her dead self to higher things. France has suffered not only in material and human loss, but in the retarding of many forms of Christian activity. The Protestant churches, the McAH Mission and many other Christian agencies have lost largely in workers and supporters. They are impoverished, at least in material resources, and need help.

Chaplain Daniel Couve, a' Huguenot by descent, assistant director of the French Evangelical Missionary Society, a member of the Continuation Committee of the Edinburgh Missionary Conference, and one of the leaders of Christian thought and activity in France, is optimistic about the spiritual future of ]'rance. He bel:i:eves that there is now an unusual opportunity to reach men and women with the Gospel. There is no reason to expect that Protestants and Romanists. will come into closer fellowship, nor is it desirable until the Roman Catholic hierarchy is radicallv changed. There is much less sympathy between the leaders r:f these two churches in France than there is in the United States, but the rank and file of the memherships are coming to understand each other more fully. The Roman Catholics have been broadened and liberalized by their contact with Protestants and the 1!-'rench Evangelicals have come out of the war with new vitality and earnestness. They are educated and are destined to exert an incl1easing influence in France and in the French Colonies.

A new France is in the procf'SS of construction and American Christian leaders have offered the }wlp of American churches. The Methodist Episcopal Church and the Methodist Church, South, the American Lutherans, the Northern Baptists and others have sent representatives to ]1-'rance to strengthen their work in differeI).t parts of the country and to offer help in other directions. But the Baptist, Methodist and Lutheran churches constitute only a minor representation of the Protestant forces·in France. The two branches of "L 'Eglise Reformee" represent the bulk of the Protestant believers. These churches have suffered the loss of at least $3,000,000 worth of property in the war. In the work of reconstruction they should receive substantial help, and all evangelical forces should come into close cooperation to avoid overlapping and competition. France, in the years just before us, may furnish an example of complete subordination of denominational plans to Christian ends.

·JBDXTOruAlL

~HE OOST OF PRAYER D AILY, almost hourly, come new requests for prayer. The Week of Prayer for Oolleges has recently passed; a day of prayer is set for Bible distribution, another for Moslems, another for American Indians, and others for various .objects. The "Universal Week of Prayer" will inaugurate the new year, (January 4th to 11th). Nearly 600,000 people are reported as enrolled in the "Fellowship of Intercession" connected 'with the Joint Oentenary of the Methodist Episcopal Ohurch; and the Interc}mrch World Mov:ement plans to enroll millions of intercessors in its campaign. The" Great Oommission Prayer League" of Ohicago has enlisted a multitude of men and women to pray for spiritual awakening among Ohristians, and for a world-wide revival and the conversion of men to Ohrist.

How much does all this prayer mean to God and to the petitioner1 How much does it really benefiS the world ~ Real prayer costs in the offering, in the answering and in the enjoyment of the results of the answer, If it was right for David to say that he would not "offer unto the Lord that which cost him nothing," it is equally trlle that no man or woman today has a right to expect fruit from prayer which costs nothing, even when there is a certain degree of faith in God. It is easy to ask for prayer and easy to promise to pray but how much does this mean ~ First, real prayer means holy living. "The fervent prayer of a righteotts man availeth much in its working." The petitioner must either be living in communion with God, or he must be so earnest in his desire to come into that fellowship that he will permit nothing to stand in the way. Known sin must be abandoned, if we would pray.

Second, true prayer costs time. If our Lord spent whole nights in prayer alone with the ]'ather, can we expect answer to petitions, uttered hurriedly because we are more interested in other things 7 There is 110 merit in much speaking, and a brief petition may be most effective, but time is a large factor in communion with God.

Third, true prayer costs spiritual energy. Some prayers are uttered as casually as if we were asking a servant for a glass of water. Ohrist, in prayer, sweat as it were great drops of blood in the agony of His Spirit; and the Ohristian's earnestness will be indicated by the whole-heartedness with wnich he devotes himself to prayer. There is labor in such intercession.

912

EDITORIAL COMMENT

Fourth, true prayer costs cooperation. How can a man pray for food if he will not work; how can he pray for the needy if he will not give; how can he pray for the conversion of men if he will not witness; how can he pray for the coming of the Kingdom of God if he ii'l not doing all in his power to help hasten that Kingdom1 .

Fifth, true prayer means study of world conditions. A man cannot know how to pray as .he ought if he is ignorant of the needs of mankind. Carey pray( d with a map of the world before him; a book or a magazine presenting facts is an excel] ent prayer- book. We must visualize the condition and the possibilities of multitudes before we can truly have Christlike compassion on them.

Sixth, true prayer means knowledge of God. The knowledge of His program and ideals, familiarity "vith His promises, and sympathy with Him are essentials.

Seventh; truE' prayer means identification 'with Christ. "Whatsoever ye ask in my Name, that will I do." (John 14:13) The indorsement of the Son of God means the certain granting of the petltion, but such indorsement means that the petitioner is identi- fied with Christ in desires, in life and in service.

More of such prayer is needed-individual prayer and group'

prayer, in private and in puhlic, for personal needs, for national welfare, and for world~wide revivals. If men are really ready to pray, there is no doubt ahout God heing ready ·to answer.

MISSIONARY DIPLOMAOY H OW far should we depend on human strategy and diplomacy for success in Christian work~ Without doubt, much may be learned from every sphere of human experience that will be valuable in spiritual service, but is there not grave danger lest a desire to avoid conflict and to secure popular approval may lead to compromise, secre<?y and a lowering of God's standards f .

In some religious and missionary movements, the desire to develop a great organization overshadows the purpose to have the work marked by spiritual vitality. The· effort to obtain the help of "bIg men," who arE' not spiritually-minded, leads to over emphasis on human resources and ideals. Ohristian workers have learned much from secular financial drives, but it is questionable whether God's cause has been helped by soliciting money from those who have no real sympathy with spiritual aims. The use of diplomacy in Christian work may prevent a fearless testimony, and lead to a secrecy which prevents large cooperation in prayer, in giving and in service. Tact is a valuable asset in Christian work, but when diplomacy obscures the truth, or takes the place of candor it becomes a liability. We cannot afford to hide our light under a bushel because of fear lest others may dislike the

glare. At times camouflage has been used to avoid giving offense to opponents of mission work, but any subterfuge resorted to must bring discredit on the work of Christ.

It is well for us repeatedly to check up our methods and ideals with those of Christ and His apostles in order that we may not be led astray in the adoption of unworthy tactics in Christian work. The early apostles, and those who have accomplished most for God in all ages, have depended on the power of God, thf' vitality of His truth, and the guidance of His Spirit to produce results. Jesus Christ did not place His hope for success on the size of His organization, on financial strength, or the worldly standing of His disciples; His apostles went fearlessly among His enemies and bore witness to the life, death and resurrection of the Son of God. They testified to His power to transform and save men from sin, and declared that nothing short of full surrender to Christ would bring salvation.

It would be strange indeed if we read in the early chapters of the Book of Acts that, when the chief priests and Sadducees objected to the preaching of the Gospel, the disciples had replied: "We are not seeking to proselyte, to win converts from Judaism to Christ, but we wish to improve the social conditions of .Jerusalem, and would like to have your cooperation as Hebrew leaders." What would be our impression if, after the disciples Wife threatened for preaching in thfl temple, they had gone to their own company (Acts 4 :23) and had prayed for tact and diplomacy in order that they might quiet the opposition of the Jews?

No, what we need today, in the face of all the opposition to the Gospel of Christ outside the Church, and the tendency to selfindulgence 'and compromise in the Church, is more Spirit-filled Christian witnesses whose strategy is that "they speak the Word of God with all boldness," and whose diplomacy is born of se1£- sacrificing love to Christ and to mankind.

It is Almighty God, the Maker of heaven and earth, Who is the chief factor in the work of winning men to Christ, and we may depend on Him to do His part. The nation may rage and the people. imagine vain things; kings and rulers may gather together against the Lord, but God can disdain their plots, for they can do only whatsoever His hand and His counsel determine. How often has God "chosen the foolish things of the world to confound'te wise, and the weak things of the world to confound the things that are mighty; and the things that are despised, yes, the things that are not to bring to nought the things that are,- that no flesh should glory in His Presence . … But of Him are we in Christ Jesus, who of God is made unto us wisdom and righteousness and sanctificatio.n and redemption; that, as it is written, He that glorieth let him glory in the Lord." (1 Cor. 1 :17-31)

Reconstruction and the

BY REV. CHARLES R. ERDMAN, D. D., PRINCETON, N. J.

S INCE the outbreak of the great World ",Var the Christi:m Church has been the object of renewed criticisms as severe and bitter as, for the most part, they have been unmerited and unjust. '['he Church was held responsible for allowing the war to begin; the Church was blamed for not assuming more definite leadership during the conflict; and some are now asserting that the Church lies supine and helpless before the great tasks of reconstruction. On the contrary, the part played by the Church has been beroic; she has not appearf'd always as a distinct society, nor operated under denominational names, but great Christian organizations have furnished millions of dollars to support and strengthen the armies in the field and to keep alive the starving nations of Europe, while countless men during these years of testing have received strength and inspiration for achievement and sacrifice through faith in the living Christ. Even before peace has been assured the Church has been formulating far-reaching plans for the future, and has subscribed funds for Christian work at home and abroad on a scale unprecedented in any other age of the world. Among other illustrations may be :sug~ested the "Inter- Church W orld'Movement," the " New Era Movement" of the Presbyterians, or the centenary campaign of the Methodist Episcopal Church in which they secured pledges amounting to one hundred and fifteen millions of dollars (payable in five years), twentysix million dollars of which are appropriated to a nation-wide effort to meet immediate requirements for various forms of social service.

Noone claims, however, that the Church has been faultless, nor that its members have attained the Christian ideal, nor that its leaders possess the wisdom to Rolve the tangled industrial and social and political problems of the time. What must be insisted upon is that the Church has been and is faced in the right direction: she regards her supreme and unique function as spiritual and religious; whatever may be her subordinate social or benevoleut activities, she refuses to be diverted either by criticism or by praise from her task of making J,psus Christ real and regnant in the lives of men and of nations.

Other methods of bringing ill a better age have been att(:'mpt(:'d. Education, science, philosophy, efficient political organization, all have failed; not because they are not in themselves· valuable, but because human nature iR selfish and sinful. 'W:ar has been a hideous demonstration of the instability of a civilization which 915

was not based upon Christian principles and was not instinct with Christian faith. The incomparable need of the world is the knowl- edge of Jesus Christ as Divine Saviour and Lord. A recent editorial in the Manufactnrers Record has been quoted widely and with deservEd approbation: "Above all else this country needs a nation-wide revival of old fashioned prayer-meeting religion-a religion that makes men realize that if there is a heaven there must also of necessity be a hell-a religion that makes a man realize that every act is recorded on his own conscience and that although it may slumber, it can never die-a religion that makes an em- ployer understand that if he is unfair to his employees and pays them less t han rofbabirerw. ag*es. *me*asuIrnedshboyrth, isweabinleiteyd and their efficiency and zeal, he is a a revival of religion which will make every man and woman strive in every act of life to do that which on the great judgment day they will wish they had done as with soul uncovered they stand before the judgment seat of the eternal."

Another similar editorial also quoted from a secular journal makes the same contention: "The need of the hour is not more legislation. The need of the hour is more religion. More religion is needed everywhere-from the halls of Congress to the factories, mines and forests. It is one thing to talk about plans and policies, but a plan and policy without a religious motive is like a watch without a spring, or a body without the breath of life."

This is like the message given by Colonel Watterson: "Surely the future looks black enough, yet it holds a hope, a single hope. One, and one power only', can arrest the descent and save us. That is the Christian religion. Democracy is but a side issue. The paramount issue, underlying the issue of Democracy, is the religion of Christ and Him crucified; the bedrock of civilization; the source and resource of all that is worth having in the world that is, that gives promise in the world to' come."

If then the Church is the divine agency for giving T2ligion to the world, she must be kept true to her task in this period of reconstruction, and must concern herself chiefly with the problems which relate to the efficient and complete accomplislnnent of this task.

THE RETURNED SOLDIERS Among these prohlems which confront the Church of Ohrist in America, the one which has heen most frequently mentioned ha>l been the return to civil life of the two or three million men who were enlisted in our armies at home and abroad. During the war numerous and sensational pr'Edictions were made as to what the returning soldiers would demand of the Church with ref- erence to its faith and order. Most of thes~ predictions were . made by men who had Jleve~' enjoyed contact with soldiers, and who merely phrased their pet theories or veiled their criticisms in the form of sage prophecies. Even in one of the Jargest

RECONSTRUCTION AND THE CHURCH

camps in France the writer heard a preacher declare with an air of oracular solemnity: "I teU you sirs, these soldiers will re-write all our theolop;ies." In reality, exactly the last thing that soldiers desire to do is to write theology, and, in spite of all the books which have been written to the contrary, the religion of the average soldier is surprisingly nebulous; and the prophets of what he would demand of the Church are proving to be like certain newspaper men who were creditfd with giving "intelligent and accurate predictions of events that never happened."

As to the men ,YllO experienced actual service at the front and who passed through tlw baptism of fire, it is undouhtedly true that many were brought into a new experience of faith; many others, however, are conscious of no spiritual change. The words of a chaplain are probably true: "Battle is to a man what developing solution is to a photographic plate. It brings out what is already in him. It gives him n9thing new.' '"

Of course, countless soldiers have had their convictions deepened by these years of stress and strain. Many have ., found God in the trenches," others have suffered an entire eclipse of faith, and yet to vast numbers religion is a matter of no concern whatsoever. All of which is to say that our returning soldiers cannot be dealt with in the mass, but must be treated as individual souls, each needing a personal and vital relation to .Jesus Christ. 'Ehe first great task of the Church, in this era of reconstruction, is to make bctte1" men; and it does not matter much whether a man has been a soldier or a civilian, his need of the transforming p-ower of Christ is quite the same. On? great danger at the pres('nt time is the tendency to forget that while many things have been changed by the war, human nature is the same in its great possibilities and also in its selfishness, its weakness and its sin. The one remedy is in the Gospel of divine grace. Thus the first duty of the Church in the present crisis is to perform her unique prophetic function of sounding forth t]1e truths of that supernatural revelation which has been given as a sacred trust.

This prophetic function, however, must be exercised with a view to the needs of the time and to the actual conditions and daily problems of men. S.oldiers, and civilians as well, have been justly dissatisfied with the remoteness and the unreality of many messages which have come to them in the name of the Church; they are rightly demanding a religion of reality. Thus the social, indust1"ial and political alJplication of the Gospel must be emphasized as neve1" before. Men must see that religion relates not only to quiet hours of worship, but to every sphere and experipnce of life. The nation seems to be on the eve of a great conflict in the world * The quotation is from a recent number of the Atlantic Monthly in which B. T. Bell reminds us that our problem in America is after all not so much with OUT returning soldiers as with the civilian young men.-C. R. E. .

of industry; the only possible escape lies in the application of the teachings and principles of Christ to the vexed questions involved in the relations of capital and labor. So too in the sphere of politics, safety and security depend wholly upon Christianity. An adviser of President Wilson in France remarked: "We must at- tempt to train a generation of men who, -in international politics, will act as Christians." The present peril is in placing undue confidence in treaties and leagues between nations whose individual citizens do not submit to the will of Christ. The world is weary of war and impatient of autocracy; but a czar or a kaiser is to be preferred to the tyranny of a Christless mob. Democracy, of all forms of government, most depends upon citizens who are dominated by the Spirit of Christ, and who are being continually taught the principles which Christ has given to govern men in all spheres of human life and endeavor.

For the exercise of her prophetic function, and to thus apply the Gospel to the political and social problems of the day, and further for the development of efficient methods of service, the Ohurch must have strong leadership. It is no reflection upon the great numbers of able and consecrated ministers, who have kept the Church true to her great tasks in these days of trial to say that there is now a pressing need of a large number of men of unusual ability to direct the great work of the Christian Church at home and abroad. More serious stm, possibly the essential element in this problem, is the imperative necessity of a more adequate support for the Christian ministry. Does the Church of Christ in America realize that it is paying its trained leaders salaries which average less than the wages of unskillrd laborers T Does it realize that the present attitude of indifference to this condition in the individual congregation spells disaster for the whole Church 1 The present problem of the Christian Church is not the gross budget for its work, so much as the individual salaries of its officers.

To solve this problem of leadership demands also a new emphasis upon Christian education. To the home, to the Sabbath School and to the institutions of higher learning, the Church is now looking for those influences which will produce strong leaders, both among laymen and in the ordained ministry. Homes wherethere is no family altar, no religious guidance, Sabbath Schools which at best provide instruction for only a half hour of each week; colleges and universities which have no place for th(" Bible and are devoted wholly to secular edueation, can n('ver meet the pressing needs of the Church in these days of reconstruction. Here is a problem which must be faced calmly, courageously and with intense seriousness. If the returning soldiers constituto a problem for the Church, it is quite as true from another aspect that they

offer the Church a great opportunity. Oth('r things being equal, they are to be the men of greatest infinence, in thiR present gen- ('ration, ill their 'arious RphereR of activit~·. From among them Rhould be found leaders worthy of the' great taRk committed to the Church. Every effort should ho madt', and that speedily, to enlist them in active and definite ChriRtian service.

The demand for church union is another pressing problem of the hour. The "returning soldiers" have not voiced this deRire so loudly as was predicted, yet criticism is still jURtified and dis- Ratisfaction is widespread in view of many unnecessary divisions among the followers of Christ.

Nor is the Church indifferent to the need, or content with her present division. Plans for a "World Conference on Faith and Order," delayed by the war, are now maturing; and meanwhile, in the immediate future, a National Council is to meet to effect if possible the organic union of the evangelical churches of America. The term "organic union" should be intelligently interpreted. It is not intended to imply the necessity of an absolute merging of denominations: the "organic union" may he "federal" or "confederate." Noone can predict the exact form which may issue; but no one can deny the longing to closer fellowship which is felt throughout the Church, and no one should fail to further every wise endeavor to secure such a relation as will bear to the world a corporate witness to the spiritual unity which already exists among all the followers of Christ.

Among many other problems which are familiar should be mentioned that of keeping clear in the consciousness of the American Church its duty and privilege in the task of 'World evangelization. In some carefully limited sense it is true that" America won the war;" the same could be said of England or Belgium or France; it was a united victory; yet it is correct to say that, when the armies of the Allies were in dire need, it was given to America to hurl against the enemy her fresh, brave forces, and to turn the tide of conflict. Much more is it true that, while our sister churches in Protestant lands arE' depleted of men and of money, it is given to the American Church, with her unhoundecl resources, now to move forward with triumphant confidence, to unite the followers of Christ and to achic've thE' evangelization of the world.

ORIF,NTAL STUDENT CONVENTION, TROY, N. Y

The Problem of Asiatics in America BY CHARLES DuBOIS HURREY, NEW YORK General Secretary of the Committee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students T HE eyes of Asia are upon Arneric.a. One hundred and fifty new students from China have recently landed in San ]lrancisco; two hundred and fifty Filipino students are en route to this land that opened the doors of opportunity for them; each ship from Japa·n is bringing a delegation of her student sons, increasing the student representation of the Japanese Empire in the United States by at least three hundred this year,-a significant fact due to the .recent additional appropriation of 40,- 000,000 yen for education. Eagerness for study in America is widespread in India, Ceylon and Siam. Truly the eyes of Asia are upon us,-eyes of disappointed and grieved Chinese; of jealous and suspecting Japanese.; of suffering and appealing Koreans; of admiring and wondering Hindus; of grateful and longing Filipinos.

rrhere is no concealing the deep hurt and bitter disappointment experienced by the Chinese. They feel that their best friend has forsaken them; that their contribution to the cause of the Allies has been in vain because the principle that "might makes right" has been vindicated and that, therefore, the only reasonable thing for Ohina to do is to begin at once the creation of a mighty military machine with which to defend her rights. Here are quotations from some of the ablest Ohristian Ohinese students assembled in national conventions III September at Oolumbus, Ohio, and Troy, New York: 920 "American Christianity is superficial and feeble; the Christian religion is being exploited for selfish ends; American preachers, with apparently untroubled conscience, stand in their pUlpits decorated with the flags of autocratic monarchies and preach sermons on democracy. Our Christianity must be higher than the American. Russian Bolshevism has shown the world a higher type of Christianity than the complacent nominal American Christian has exhibited. China has been too polite in the past and unpatriotic. Crippled by internal strife and threatened by an external enemy China. has done the best she 'could for the cause of the Allies. When we entered the war we were told that it was to right the wrongs of Europe and in defense of weaker nations,-why, then, is thIs great wrong done to emr country?"

In discussing relations between China and .Japan from the Christian viewpoint, these students declare; "That Japan is trying to keep China weak and divided; "Jap'an wants to be boss; "China does not resent the Japanese developing our industries, but we do resent her dominating them; "Japanese militarists are promising the mass of their people great relief if the province of Shantung can be occupied. "Christ taught that we should love our neighbor and our enemy,- but he also taught that we should not oppress nor exploit. "W'e should try to understa:nd Japan's problems; she needs territory; America has closed the door to her people and she can only expand ih our direction. "We should pray more for Japan than we do for China. "We are much to blame for our present sad condition becau8e we have allowed our own corrupt officials to sell out our best interests."

Many Japanese students frankly express the feelings of jealousy and suspicion' regarding America which are widespread among their people. They say; "America does not understand our problems; according to a 'Gentlemen's agreement" the doors of the United States are barred to Japanese immigration. American interests are eager to develop the resources and industries of China, but at the same time they would restrain Japan from gaining larger influence in Chinese territory. By sending out mission- 921

aries you profess to be desirous of hE'lping us meet the unusual spiritual needs of the hour, but your government not only legislates against our interests abroad but fails utterly to help us readjust ourselves to the new demands of demccracy. Our people are alert and progressivc; there is overcrowding and thousands are looking for a place to live; our manufacturers are searching for a market for their products and in their hearts they are saying to America,–'lf you cannot help us then do not hinder us.' "

Taught by missionari( s to be lieve in justice and fair play between nations, the Korean people are turning their appealing eyes toward the Christian leaders of America. There can be no doubt that they are sufferinr; greatly under the oppression of a stern, milita,ry power; their integrity as a nation has been destroyed; freedom of speech and of the press and of travel are denied them; students must abandon the study and use of their own language and are denied the privilege of study in the United States. It is only natural that their r<>presentatives should cry out to Christian America,-·" You, who profess to represent the Saviour of Man- kind, why do you not hElp us now f"

Students from India admire our democratic institutions and the wonderful opportunities for success which all enjoy, but they too are wondering whether by our rush and drive and preoccupation with material development we are really advancing civilization as much as the deep-thinking meditative men of India are doing. They are asking,~" Do you people really know what prayer is ~ Can you find and maintain peace by organization and military trainingf Do you really bdieve that the white race is superior to colored races in soul quality ~"

Over five hundred Filipino students in the United States are loudly praising the efforts of America on behalf of their people, but they make no attempt to conceal their deep longing for complete political independence. We hear them say,-"Your money and genius have given the Philippines more advancement and prosperity in twenty years than they had gained and enjoyed in all their past history, but now let the crowning achievement of your administration be the granting us full rights of self-government."

The presence of the Asiatic in America is not in itself a menace, but the congregating among us of any considerable number of those who are physically diseased, morally corrupt or mentally deficient might easily become a curse. Happily the danger of such a calamity is very remote, and by our attitude as Christian people we can see that the men and women of Asia who live among us shall enrich our economic, intellectual and spiritual life.

The Christianization of Chinatown in San Francisco or New York will help spread Christian truth throughout China, and our efforts to live the Christian message in colonies of Japanese, and

THE PROBLEM OF ASIATICS IN AMERICA

Hindus in America will deepJy influence the reception of Christ's teaching in their native lands.

In facing the challenge presented by students and others from Asia now resident within our borders let us freely acknowledge our mistakes. We admit that we have generally been more zealous to promote denominationalism than to present Christ in our approach to Ohinese and Japanese colonies; we are genuinely sorry for the waste and confusion which have resulted; further, we recognize that our preaching is often vitiated by the unchristian treatment of Asiatics within a stone's throw of our churches. ,Ve confess in shame that too often we have assumed an attitude of superiority in our condpscending missionary work among the "heathen. "

For these sins let us ask forgiveness and now resolve that henceforth we will: 1. Seek the acquaintance of our friends from Asia in a brotherly fashion. 2. Endeavor to win to Christ some doubting Oriental student.

3. Open our homes to these promising student leaders, now so far away from their own home circles.

4. Battle consistently against race prejudice and discrimination on the part of American Christians. 5. Invite Oriental students to assist us by giving talks and enter- tainments in our churches, Sunday-schools and missionary societies. 6. Enlist educated Orientals in practical service among their own people in the teaching of English and elementary subjects, health talks, thrift campaigns, leadership of boys' clubs. etc.

7. Offer employment to help those students who must earn part of their own support. 8. Interpret the meaning of Christmas and Easter by arranging social and religious gatherings for Oriental people in our churches and homes. 9. Endeavor to win for Christian life work some of the most promising Oriental student leaders. .

10. Present a book or pamphlet to some discouraged or aspiring youth which may introduce him to the riches of the Scrip- tures.

In the past, America has bepn rpgarded by the Orient as a land of freedom, opportunity and Christian democracy. Let us hope that leaders in the Chur(,h will not permit the forfeiting of this high degrep of confidencp through any neg]pct or hypocrisy in our dealing with Oripntns.

A Woman Doctor's Opportunity in

BY DR. ELIZABETH G. LEWISc AMBALA CITY, INDIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

I F you stood by the shore of a great pool of water in which a thousand children were struggling and gasping for life and you were able to save only one, would you call it an opportunity or a tragedy7 Oh! women physicians of America, come over and help us make an opportunity out of this great suffering tragedy in India!

It is a June day in the Panjab with a wind blowing so hot, so dusty, so life-taking that the street-dogs refnse to be driven from the shelter of the compound. They fear our sticks less than they fear the scorching heat. The women who have come miles with babies who wail and fret and refuse to lift their faces to the light are restless and impatient to get back to their mud huts. I wish you could see th('m as they push and crowd and again and again are driven back hy tll(' woman who guards thf' gatf'.

"Sit down.. Give the Miss Sahiba air. Can't you see she can only give medicine to one at a time?"

So they come-Jannat who can scarcely lift her dark chaddar away from her poor eyes, so sensitive is she to the light-Fatima who crawls and hobbles to yom feet-Pajiihf whose one desire in life is to have a child.

(There are so many Pajabfs. They will undergo any kind of treatment, op<:'ratiyp OJ' othprwi~(' if YOU ill hut prornisp a son!) Nasibau has a long tale to tpll. Shp has begun perhaps a dozen times, leaning far over the railing to get in front of the . other women, interrupting each time she is able to get her face a little hearer than the patient you are treating. She wants to tell you all about herself and he1' ~Ulcestors and, standing quiptly at your elbow is Sakima, a bahy hiddrn in her" chaddar." You suddenly realize that Sakimahas been waiting a long time. You turn and rpach for lwr dispmsary slip. Quickly she slips the chaddar off the babv's face.

"Ankh' nale kan," sl1(' says laconically. "Eyes and ears" and one glance shows you pus running from ears and eyes swollen and red. Little Sardar Begam presents a hottle that could not possibly hold more than a teasponful with the request for 10tio11 to bathe six pairs of eYPR, while Radia demandR a quart of nwdicine worth rupees ten to the ounce. Azzizan has come twenty miles in an ox cart and she begs you on her knees, clinging to your feet to take a knife and rpmove from 924 her abdomen a tumor which in size rivals a Kansas squash and al- low her to return to her "tiny, tiny, children" that very night. When you tell her she must stay in hospital for three weeks she unties a corner of her torn and dirty chaddar and carefully ex- tracts a four-anna bit hoping to bribe you into consenting to do this little thing for her.

Azziz Begam, clear of skin, beautiful to look upon, stands by, catching up her gauzy, iridescent draperies with a tinkle of silver bracelets. She wants you to remove a wart from her finger but you must not cut her nor put on any medicine that hurts. After much coaxing, explaining and making of promises the tiny wart is touched with caustic and Azzlz Begam makes place for a shy, young thing who whispers to you that a "two months' hope" has vanished away leaving her very miserable and full of pain.

Make way for a stretcher case! They have been traveling all night. Take her at once to the operating room. In fifteen min- utes the thing is done but another little life is gone that need not have gone had there been any help near by.

Who does the medical and surgical work in India ~ A few names an' famous. ThlTe are certain centers where in season people flock in thousands for cataract and other special operations. The British Government has done wonders in placing hospitals for both men and women. The various missions have hospitals in many places and I have been astonished to see how far from overcrowded many of these hospitals are. We read of medical mis- .sions in India and picture women's hospitals too full to shut the doors, of women begging for op0ratjons, women begging to have their children treated. The need is greater and more fundamental than an over- crowded hospital. It is too often the doctor Miss Sahiba who is doing the begging. She is begging women to accept health at her hands. She is entreating men to let their wives stay in: hospital until they are cured. She is pleading with mothers to come into hospital and let the babies' lives be saved. I have known a missionary doctor to walk the streets of the village trying to coax the sick to take her medicine when no one came to her dispensary. That same doctor, MisR Sahiba has a full hospital today.

Some hospitals pay the women for coming in for their confinements.

Medical women in India must bo both physicians and surgeons and if, as is often the case, they are alone in a hospital they have to specialize in every branch, especially eye and gynecology.

As a rule chronic cases come to hospital rather than acute ones. Hence an epidemic of plague, cholera, small-pox or influenza may mean empty hospitals and patients dying in their homes.

Gynecological cases are in the majorit~T anil tpese poor WOU1eli will

undergo any length of treatment, medical or surgical. Hence the opportunity for pelvic surgery is almost unlimited. The women are learning rapidly bow much benefit can come from operative treatment and strange to say they have little fear of taking chloroform. So opportunities for surgical work are multiplying by leaps and bounds and whrn one contemplates the size of the field and the limited number of workers it may well make any surgically ambitious American woman spize a sralprl and book her baggage for India.

In my judgment the largest field and perhaps the most discouraging is that of obstetrics. Here we try to put our finger on the most vital and sensitiye point in all Indian woman's life. She lives for three things-to bear rhildrpn, to eat, and to sleep, and it is not chance that makes me place the childhearing first. She herself is willing to sacrifice eyerything for that. She is full of weird ideas and customs, and places her faith not on any new fangled Doctor Miss Sahiba, but on the omnipotent and omnipresent dhai or midwife. Go where you will you will always find the drai preceding you, leaving a trail of fever and inflammation.

The dispensary patients' begin tlJPir complaints with "'rhe dhai told me this and that," etc. Called to the home no dhai is to be seen hut they tell you that since the dhais haye been unable to help them they have called you.

The dhais may be indigpnous, meaning professional dhais born to their position just as dhabis and sais!'s and khansaumans are all laundry men, groomR and cookR.-bpcauRe thpir fathers are. These dhaais may bp trained or untrained. Government, especially in the Panjab, is trying with money and with patience to train all dhais away from the barbarous cu::;toms of their forebears. .

But it is slow work! They do not wish to learn and the prospective mothers do not care whether they learn or not. Hence, an untrained dhai is often raIled in prefpreTlcP to a traiTlrd one, be- cause her fee will be smaller. What part does a woman physician play in this sad drama T She may be called "the last resort." She takes over a small percentage of abnormal cases. The rest die. But the future has work in store, an enormous task These dha-is simply must be trained and trained well and it means years and years of deter- mined effort. The time will come whpl1 Indian dhais can take their place among the world's professional women, but it will only come by the self-sacrifice and perseverance of women physicians and trained nurses. At present they are an illiterate group of dirty, superstitious old women, often blind and sick, and the only Indian women today capable of handling properly a normal, midwifery case,

A WOMAN DOCTOR'S OPPORTUNITY IN INDIA

are the non-indigenous, usually Christian women, who have taken the regular course of training in medicine and surgery, midwifery and nursing in one of the established hospitals, and these women are too few even to fill the vacancies in our hospitals and dis- pensaries, let alone touching the great mass of humanity in their homes.

Speaking of training of dhais, makes me think of the need of sub-assistant surgeons and nurses. It is pressing. Who is going to help train them'

Gray's Anatomy is with us in India. Come on over and help us learn itl The rule in India is one medical woman to a hospital and that means" she runs the whole show." She is hospital superintendent, matron, head-nurse, undertaker, preacher and the entire board of directors in one. It is a very poor rule and will be changed.

A few women are in private practice, not connected with a hospital, mostly in the large cities, Bombay or Calcutta. Their practice is largely consultatory. 'l'hey are called in by men phy- sicians to see and examine parda nishins whom the men cannot see. They are expected to state their findings and are not asked to prescribe nor to follow up the case. The time is of course coming, when fuller confidence will be placed upon them and nor- mal medical practice can be established.

The need for medical women in India is much more than an opportunity. It is a triple necessity. First, we must convince the women that they need help. It is simply appalling how they sit in filth and ignorance· and in disease, and never dream that any thing could be different.

Second, we must be ready to give the help when they come for it, and oh, the hours in the dispensary, and the fast flying hours in the operating room where the good old U. S. A. smell of ether is 'usually only chloroform!

And third-wait, don't be in a hurry for third! It is such a sad third, this great army of incurables! Cancer, tuberculosis, deformities! They cling to your feet. They throng the hospital.

They offer you bribes from a pice to a thousand rupees!

God grant clearness of vision to every doctor Miss Sahiba in India to see beyond the "Gate," and courage of heart to hold these poor unfortuuates lovingly by the himd until they have passed through.

Do not come for money or for fame, but if you can come for love of Christ and humanity, come quicldy. There a,re so :wany waiting for you! -. .

and Religious Conditions in

BY REV. C. J. L. BATES, TOKYO, JAPAN I N 1910 Marquis Okuma wrote in his "Fifty Years of New Japan," "The old religions and old morals are steadily losing their hold, and nothing has yet arisen to take their places." President lbuka of the Meiji Gakuin, one of the leading Chris- tian educators in Japan, wrote in 1P~_f, "With the influx of western thought, not only have the ethical maxims that ruled the life of old Japan to a great extent lost their former power of command, but the foundations of the old systems have been shaken and new foundations have not yet been securely laid."

A student of the Higher Normal School of Hiroshima, who called on me at my home in Kobe, brought a bundle of English books, among which were Carlyle's French Revolution, a volume of George Bernard Shaw, a volume of Maeterlinck, and two or three other modern works of literature. He was a very intelligent fellow, and before long, we were discussing the deepest problems of morals and religion. Suddenly he said, "Sir, I think that morality is not necessary. It is only a prison house to bind us. All we need to do is to live from our sincere heart."

Thus, in rather quaint English, this young man gave expression to the characteristic mood of the Japanese student classes of today. It is the result of a reaction against the severe restraints of the old .rapanese systems, and of the influx of European naturalistic and materialistic art and literature. The religious and moral life of the old Japan was expressed in the four systems known as Shinto, Buddhism, Confucianism and Bushido, the former two being more largely religious, and the latter two more purely ethical. In fact. in these four we find the religious element in decreasing, and the moral element in increasing ratio.

SHINTO is the systematization of certain naIve old Japanese religious ideas and practices, under the influence of Chinese philosophy and literature, which entered Japan in the early centuries of the Christian era. It is a purely national religion found only in Japan, and is based npon nature worship centered in the Sun, which in Japanese tradition was personified as a female deity, and was recognized as the progenitor of the Imperial family. To this nature worship was added a worship of heroes and ancestors.

S}1i.do emphasizes cleanliness of body and soul, and inculcates patriotism and loyalty, but it has no code of merals. This was regarded by the great Shinto scholar of the eighteenth century, 928 Motoori, as a mark of its superiority. .' Systems of morals," he said, "were invented by the Chinese, because the Chinese are a people without morals. But in Japan there is no necessity for a system of morals; for every Japanese will do right, if only he consults his own heart."

This naIve conceit must not be regarded as the deliberate judgment of the Japan('se at large, for they accepted Chinese ethics, and, for centuries, made them the basis of their moral cul- ture.

Shinto is highly polythristic, and teaches that the gods of heaven and earth watch the conduct of men, rewarding the good and punishing the evil. It also inculcates a belief in the reality of the soul and of its existence beyond the grave.

BUDDHISM has to a far greater extent ministered to the religious life of Japan than Shinto. It entered Japan in the sixth century, coming first from Korea and later from China. Japanese Buddhism belongs to the northern school, the so-called "Mahayana," or Greater Vehicle. In Japan, it is popularly considered as of two kinds, "jirki" and "tariki," meaning "selfpower" Buddhism, and "other power" Buddhism, referring to the method by which salvation is secured. The former is salvation through one's own power by means of meditation, which is taught and practiced by the Zen sects. The latter is salvation by means of faith in "Amida" Buddha, and is taught and practiced in the great Hongwanji sects, whose magnificent temples in Kyoto challenge the admiration of visitors from allover the world.

The former type is truer to original Buddhism. It reveres the historical founder, Gautama, but is without any definite thought of God. The latter is so different that it would seem more appropriate to call it Amidaism. It not only reveres but elevates to a position of supreme deity Amitabha Buddha, who, according to tradition in the remote past, when about to enter into his rest, made the great vow that he would not enter into the full bliss of Buddhahood until he had made provision for the salvation of all who would call upon his name. He remained true to his vow and, after many incarnations of self-sacrificing lives, he finally succeeded in heaping up so much merit that he became the great Amitabha Buddha of Eternal Life and Light, who offers to every man birth into his pure land of bliss.

In this highly developed doctrine of salvation by faith in " Amida, " Japanese Buddhism has traveled a long way from the atheistic religion of self-salvation, preached by the Indian saint Siddhartha. This later type of Buddhism, which holds the allegiance of the vast majori'ty of Japanese Buddhists, approximatesRo remarkably to Christianity that some are cnnvinced that there must· have been some historic connection. It makes room for the

God idea and teaches salvation by faith into a future life where the indiVidual retains his identity, and is not merely absolved into Nirvana. It is indeed a schoolmaster to lead the nation to Christ.

As a leading Japanese Christian scholar said to the writer some years ago; "Buddhism reveals the needs of the human heart, but Christianity alone is able to meet those needs."

Buddhism has a strong hold upon the unf.ducated and ignorant classes because of its emphasis upon salvation as a way of escape from this evil world, which it likens to "a house on fire," but it has little to offer as a system of morals for the life that now is, and hence has not greatly influenced the moral life of the educated classes.

CONFUOIANISM is regarded, not as a religion, but as ethical culture. During the feudal period Buddhism was established in Japan as the authorized religion, and the Chu Hsi School of Con- fucianism as the authorized system of moral culture. The great exponent of this school in Japan was Fujiwara Seika, who was born in 1561. He renounced Buddhism and gave himself wholeheartedly to the study and exposition of the Chu Hsi Commentaries on Confucianism. He recognized Heaven as supreme and emphasized virtue, the central idea being loyalty to one's rulers. Doubtless because of his emphasis on loyalty and conformity to regulations, his type of Confucianism was accepted and authorized by the rulers.

A century later a very different type of Confucianism arose, which was founded on the teaching of the Chinese philosopher, Wang Yang Ming. The great Japanese exponent of this school was Nakae Toju, the Sage of Omi. Nakae believed in God, sometimes calling Him" Heaven" and sometimes "the Supreme Ruler," describing God as transcendental, yet dwelling in the soul of man. He made a religious view of the universe foundational to his ethical teaching, in which conscience was central, and filial piety the supreme virtue.

Confucius has had a great day in Japan and has left a great legacy. It is recognized, even today, as having made the greatest contribution to Japanese ethics. The Imperial Rescript on Education, which forms the basis of moral teaching in the schools, was founded on Confucian lines.

Nevertheless, Confucius' day has passed. A few years ago Professor T. Inoue, the foremost philosophical critic in Japan, wrote an article on the Renaissance of Confucianism, which was in vogue some ten years ago. In it he defined the strong points of Confucianism as: (1) Being without superstition and withOut belief in miracles, (2) Teaching moderation as based on common sense, and (3) Being concerned with this world; and its weak points as: (1) Obscurity of the sense of individuality, (2) Lack

MORAL AND RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN JAPAN

of teaching as to the rights of man, (3) Lack of philosophical ideas,(4) Lac.k of scientific knowledge, (5) Reverence for the past without desire for development in the future, and (6) Imperfection as to public virtue. Despite the weakness of Confucianism, it was Dr. Inoue's opinion that the this-worldly form of morality, which was characteri:>tic of Confucianism, would be the future form of morality. In this we have not only a commentary on Confucianism but a re"cla~ tion of the attitude of one of the leaders of thought and most influential educators in modern Japan.

JAPAN AND THE WEST W#h the opening of Japan to foreign intercourse in 1853, streams of influence rushed in from western lands as a veritable flood. Intercourse with foreign countries was not only permitted but encouraged, and, in accordance with the coronation oath of the· Emperor in 1868, Japan proceeded to seek for wisdom and knowledge throughout the whole world.

The democratizing of the armies and the schools, by the establishment of universal military service and education, laid the foundations for the marvelous change and progress which we have witnessed in the past half century. The masses of the people have been emancipatedj but at the same time the high standards of the ruling classes that characterized the "Samurai" have suffered.

Japan is being commercialized through her contact with the West. The" Narikin," the parvenu of Japanese business, is the ideal of the youth of Japan today. "How to get rich" is the all-absorbing ambition of the great majority of Japanese young men.

Contact with the West has also led to the deterioration of Japanese artistic and literary standards. Quantity rather than quality is the watchword of production, and continental naturalism has been the most potent influence. Contact with Russian officers and soldiers during the Russo-Japanese war opened the way to a flood of Russian, French and German naturalistic literature that has been the bane of the students of Japan for the past decade. At the same time reaction from the severe social restraints of the past, which kept good women in the background and excluded them from the society of men, is bringing movements which are alarming not only to the more conservative, but also to the most liberal.

Japanese women must be more completely emancipated, and be given larger freedom in the social and even political life of the country, as well as large freedom in the selection or rejection of candidates for their hearts. But with the present chaotic condi-

tion in tl).e realm of moral and relgious ideas, liberty too often is license. One of the most alarming tendencies of the times in Japan is the decline in the spirit of reverence which was once so character" istic. Reverence for parents, for teachers, and for rulers was formerly the prevailing spirit. With the growth of individualism and commercialism, self is looming larger on the horizon of Japan.

Fortunately for the political life, Japan in these days of transition, has had a worthy center of loyalty in the person of the Emperor. In her moral and religious life she needs just such a center of loyalty and authority. The greatest need of Japan today is a permanent unchanging moral and religious standard. The appalling fact is that ninety per cent of the graduates of the universities and colleges in Japan today are avowedly without religious faith. The makers of the Japan of the past fifty years believed in "Heaven" or "the Supreme Ruler." The coming makers of Japan are to an alarm- ing extent without belief of any kind in God. What kind of a Japan will these men make~ In her Constitution, granted by the Emperor in 1889, it is written, "Japanese subjects shall, within limits not prejudicial to peace and order, and not antagonistic to their duties as subjects, enjoy freedom of religious belief."

Shinto and Buddhism will not meet the needs of the new day in Japan. They strengthened the community and family life in Japan, and in their teaching of loyalty and filial piety have left an invaluable legacy. But there is needed today a religion that will recreate the individual heart, that will present an adequate standard of life.

Shortly after the Russo-Japanese war, Professor T. Inoue delivered an address on, "Religion after the War," in which he said that the religion of the future must be universal, moral and rational. These criteria represent the demand of the student mind in Japan today. Shinto and Buddhism cannot meet them. We must prove that Christianity can.

The universal intoxicating beverage in Japan is sake, as the universal non-intoxicating drink is tea. Sake is a clear yellow liquid, made from rice. It is sometimes called rice-beer, sometimes rice-brandy. It is a fairly strong liquor, but is free from drugs and adulterations, and, therefore, only moderately harmful in its effects on the system. In Japan even– one takes sake, at least nearly everyone who has gotten past childhood. The tax on sake produces an annual revenue of about Yen 100,000,000 ($50,000,000). In 1915 saM was manufactured to the amount of Yen 460,000,000 ($23,000,000) using rice to the value of Yen 48,000,000 ($24,000,000). It must be remembered that a dollar in Japan means as much in wages and in living expenses as five dollars in America. The ordinary laboring man is estimated to spend three yen a month on saM, or about one-sixth of his wages.

AT DANIEL'S HOME-BUILT BY THE PEOPLE IN CEN'l'RAL

An _African Autobiography A FRAGMENT BY DANIEL UHLANE. A CHRISTIAN CONVERT Presented by Rev. Donald Fraser. Nyasaland Chapter III-War After these alarms the elders of the village called me home to join a war party that was about to set out. So I left the mis- sion honse, and marched with the army.

This expedition had been called out by a man who had a quar- rel with his fellow villagers, and had come to the Ngoni to ask them to work out his revenge. He offered his services as a guide.

We made for Karonga, and spent ten days on the way, for it was our strategy to take a round about way so that the enemy might not hear of our coming. One day when we were building our sleeping sheds a cobra appeared in one of them. A witch- doctor was called, and he interpreted the omen in this way.

"Stop, this is good luck. You will also find an elephant in a game-pit on the path that leads to the lake. These are Chipatula and his son who go along with you." .

Then we rejoiced to know that our father was with us. And 933

indeed in the morning we did find an elephant in a game-pit, and took its tusks with us. Mter we had passed Nkata, and knew that we were getting near Karonga, we traveled only by night. Arriv- ing before the village we were to attack, we found that no. one suspected our approach. As the dawn broke we saw the village headman lifting up the stakes that had been placed in the path, lest his own people should receive a hurt from them. Then he entered the village, and returned with a pot of beer, and placed it outside the stockade. (This is a shameful story. But in these days. people lay in wait for their fellows as if they were wild game of the bush.) So he opened the village gate, and left it standing- open.

In that stockade many were slain. The chief, Karonga, fled to a neighboring hill. Girls, boys, and men were blotted out, but some were saved alive to be slaves, and were marched forth in the midst of the regiments. When we came to our booths, the slaves were divided out among the claimants, but the village was burned to ashes. Some of the people had fled to another stockade near Mbwana; further south, and there remained two days only, for the Ekwendeni regiments followed, and the refugees found there was no salvation for them.

We now returned home, and while we were still on the road, messengers were sent ahead to the chief to tell him that the army was approaching. They only told the chief's head wife and in- duna, and then returned to the army. As the fighters approached the chief's village, each one who had killed a man plastered his body and face with white clay, and those who had only wounded, plastered the right arm and one side of the face.

On my return I entered school again. But the school did not flourish in those days, for we were too occupied with war-war that slays men made in the image of God.

We had only been back a short time when again we heard the herald's call, "Uyezwana T", and then the summons to gather, and prepare food for the journey. .

This time we assembled at Solola hill, and there having built our sheds we waited the coming of the other regiments. When all had arrived, the great induna of the army, Msukuma Ndhlovu, sent out his heralds to proclaim: "Uyezwana 7 Tomorrow we go forth."

Then all the regiments got their loads together, and the free- born girls who were with us carried their calabashes of beer. Thus we marched across the Belele marsh. But here an angry quarrel broke out between the Moho regiments and those of Embangweni.

The dispute was over the right of precedence in following the companies from the royal village. We claimed first place, and so did Embangweni, but the induna decided that we should follow the

AN AFRICAN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

royal village, and then Embangweni, the Eutini, then Ekwendeni, and so on.

We marched across the Lundazi, where the Government station is now, and descended to Kazembe, but pll.ssed these villages for they paid tribute to the Ngoni. At last we came to Chipemhere. On the way we saw many elephants. The general ca:lled up th~ witch-doctors to explain why these elephants had passed through the chief's army, for there were witch-doctors accompanying us. They gave this meaning to the omen.

"As great as has been the number of elephants which have passed through the army, so great will be the number of captives that you will take. But sacrifice first the gnats you seized at Solola to the spirit of Zungwendaba [the reigning chief's father], that he may lead to victory the army of his child."

That evening all the men gathered and worshipped. Next morning the heralds proclaimed, "Uyezwana! Cook now, for tomorrow the army will attack the stockade of Chipembere." Then the air was filled with smoke, for the booths of the army stretched out in a line for about four miles. When we had eaten, we slept near a river Mangalozi, and when the cocks began to crow, the army flowed round the stockade like water. . Soon two men came from the village, going forth in the morning to hunt game. They passed right into the midst of the army suspecting nothing. For we had not begun to beat our shields, as the command had not been issued. They saw the general walking about among the regiments in hiding, and quickly it dawned on them that the Ngoni were there,' and they cried out. Then the general shouted, "Catch them." Immediately the army hearing the general's voice, believed that he had commanded to assault, and raising one yell together, and blowing their pipes, they rushed to the attack. The village was taken without much loss to us, only about ten men being killed. I had a narrow escape from being wounded, but the arrow that was aimed at me was caught on my shield. Msukuma now ordered the army to withdraw, for there were still four stockades to assault, and the river before us was full of crocodiles. Besides we now heard the beating of drums in Chipembere's village, and the alarm cries of the women. So all the regiments were ordered to approach the chief's village. We sat down surrounding the stockade. Above us great numbers of human heads were transfixed on the poles of the palisade. These were the heads of the Ngoni army of Mpezeni, who had attacked this stockade and had been defeated. I counted thirty heads on the stakes above me. When Msuknma saw this ghastly sight, he ordered us to re-

tire a little, lest our courage should melt away when we saw these heads. So we waited till about nine 0 'clock. Then the warriors murmured, saying, "Why have you left us under these slaves ¥ What are we waiting for1 Why are we sitting staring at one anotherT Let us fight at once."

Soon after ten 0 'clock the general ordered us all to st"and up ",ith our shields in our hands. Then he passed through the regiments giving them their places, while they shouted their defiant war-cries, "Mosi! Mo!", "Mwana mwana Kwichi!", "Nkabi! Nkabil Nkabil".

At last he cried: II Charge as one man."

With a shout the regiments rushed forward. But out from the stockade burst a volley of gun-fire. The bullets pierced the shields, and the bodies of the Ngoni.

This was bad for us Ngoni. Our fellows fell around us. Many were killed. We did not even touch with our hands that stockade of Chipembere.

The general now ordered us to retire, and while we rested a little he worshipped, and then ordered another assault, but with· a like deadly result. A third time we charged, but only to see . our men killed. Thirty of them were now lying dead.

Again the general worshipped the ancestral spirits, and then said to all the regiments, "Are you afraid?" They answered, "We fear nothing. We don't wish the heads of our men to be transfixed on poles. Let us charge again, and if anyone wishes to run away, he is no man of Mombera." So we rushed with one mind right into the heart of the village. Down had come the stockade, and in a moment we were within. Now the danger increased, and I was almost killed. A bullet from a gun smashed my spear, and passed through my left arm. But my life was saved for the bullet had spent its force on my spear. Had it not hit my spear, I should have been killed. A huge number of men and women were slain in Chipembere's, for the army had completely surrounded the stockade. The captives raised a great cry for the dead, and the army retained their wailing as a song which they chanted on their return. When the chief heard the news of the army, and all that had been done by the way, he smeared himself with black and white medicines, and came forth to see his soldiers. Then they reported to him the names of those of each regiment who had been the first to enter the stockade. The first was presented with an ox. The second with the hind leg of an ox, the third with the fore leg. I received the ox. Then the chief derided the elder warriors, because

AN AFRICAN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

they had allowed a mere child to go before them. When I rose and danced before him, he gave me further presents.

Chapter IV-An Awakening Mind Now I must cease to speak of war. I said that I was tn danger when the bullet struck me, but I had met a greater danger, in that I had given up school for war, and I was leading many lads astray. For it was a shameful thing not to be a reputed fighter, and the girls did not love a coward.

"If we marry a coward," they said, "who will help us with our work, our grinding, and our cooking1 The fighter gets slaves, and these will be our helpers. " So girls came to our village to be my wives. But my heart had no desire for them. I sent other girl messengers to them. to say that I did not wish to marry yet. I wanted to be a warrior, and feared if I married my power would vanish. This I did ten times.

Some of the elders then began to hate me, because I refused to have their daughters as my wives. But as for the lads, their sole desire was to be fighters, so they would have nothing to do with school. They said, "See Mtusu, [Daniel's early name] he has great reputation with the chief. Don't let us be silly by going to school."

Alas! I destroyed many souls that God woUld have drawn to Himself. I But a great thing happened to Daniel Mtusu.

One day I was sitting in the boys' house alone whE'n I remembered my Testament. I opened the basket in which it was kept, and taking the book, began to read in the Gospel of Mark. When I came to Chapter 1 verse 15, I heard these words, "The time is ful- filled, and the Kingdom of God is at hand. Repent ye and believe in the Gospel." I only understood a little these words, "The time is fulfilled,"

What was the meaning of "is fuIfilled"T I began to think, "Is this why the white man is saying that God desires our hearts that we may know Him T" It was Saturday when I thought of these words. But all this time I hated going to church to worship on the Sabbath. Next morning I saw the white flag that told us' that the day was Sabbath, so I rose and went to worship in the church. That day Dr. Elmslie was preaching from John 10:9, "I am the door, by me if any man enter in he shall be saved." These words entered my heart, and I was startled. I said: "Here is a great thing, greater than everything else, I must try to find out what this big thing is."

On Monday I went to the Europeans and said, "I want to teach in· school. ' , "All right," they answered, "Teach in the school at your own place Chinyera."

So on that day I entered on the work of teaching. But I wanted far more to be taught than to teach, so that I might understand those words of Mark 1 :10, and .John 10 :9. They stuck to me, and I wanted to find out what this big thing was.

One day we had a great dispute about the things that had been taught on Sabbath. We were speaking about the death of Jesus Christ. Some said, "This man Jesus whom the Europeans talk about as dying, died for the white man."

I answered, "You lie; that is not how it is. Jesus is the Son of God. God sent His Son into the world to die for the white men. They came to tell us the words they have received from God. Then when the late Mtusane died, he died for us Ngoni that we might worship our Mtusane.

Mtnsane will bring our message to Jesus, and Jesus will tell them to God His Father."

The dispute grew hot, alld at length we said, "Let us go to tbl' white man, and ask him."

So we went to the mission house and asked there. "You are all wrong," they said, "Mtusane was only a man, and he had not such authority. But Jesus is God and He died for us all, white and black alike." When they had finished speaking, I remembered John 10 :9, and I said to myself, "Does He ask that I should go to His dood He must be very gracious, if He thinks of black people. May I come to His door! How I wish I could see Him!"

Now I began to love being near the teachers, and I separated myself greatly from my fellows. Every day I returned very late to the boys'house, and all the villagers began to ask, "Why is it that when there is so much fighting, we do not see you' Have you become a slave of the white man T" I could only sit silent with shame. Sometimes my spirit rose within me to start off again to the wars. But in the mornings I always found mys,elf making my way back to the Europeans.

One day I took my gt;ln and went to shoot guinea fowl. When I arrived at the Kasitu river I killed ten wild ducks, and then having cleaned my gun, returned, and passed through the village of Chivnkutu Baloyi. Just as I got to the outskirts I heard Chivnkutu's induna, crying from the top of an ant-hill: "Muyezwana 7 Why are you sitting still. Maheyn has died at Moho." Then I saw the people moving out of the village with their shields, and saying:

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"Let us make for Chinyera, and kill the people there, together with the white men."

I threw away my birds, and ran home with all speed and told Matandane [the other Kaffir teacher]. He climbed on to the top of a food-shed, and saw a war party approaching. Seizing his box, he fled for the hill Chituntali, calling out.

"Wait a bit, and you'll see how I shall shoot when they come up." We were rather surprised at him, but our wonder was greater when we saw the whole of the warriors scattering, for no cause that we could see. Some were even throwing away their shields and spears. Mterwards we heard how as they approached the mission house the glass windows were shining brightly in the sun. The men had never seen glass, and they cried out, "The house has turned into water. These people are wondermakers. " And in their awe the indunas came to make their peace with the Europeans.

But these marvels only isolated us Moho people from the rest of the tribe more than ever. No place was allowed for us in the common gatherings.

One day some Moho people crossed the Titimira stream to visit their friends. On their return a number of men lay in wait for them, and killed one of them, just because of our friendship with the European. Another day the same people killed yet another of our fellow villagers for the same reason. They accused us of having allowed the white men to settle in the country. They said, "you could have killed them, when you met them on the path at their coming. But now that they have settled among us they are constantly saying that we must give up raiding. They are bringing us all to poverty. Our wives are broken down with the hard work of drawing water and fetching firewood." So we Moho people became strangers to our own tribe, and the stigma is on us still. Now that the British Government has come into the land, we are accused of having invited them, and of having received money from them.

But we take comfort from the story of Jericho. For Rahab befriended the spies, and though she was a wicked woman, when the walls fell she was not forgotten. She alone was left in peace. The soldiers, perhfLps did not know about her, but the captain Joshua had not forgotten her friendliness to his messengers.

To return to niy story. After I had been teaching for a short time I was very glad when the Europeans called us to Njuyu to be taught there. At first I was the only one called, but afterwards another followed. Then we were each paid six yards of calico. We had no idea at that time of the values of money. On our way home carrying our calico my companion said,

"Let us sit down, and spread out our cloth th~t we may see it. " Thi's was done.

"See now," he said, "they have given us this calico, but we brought nothing to buy it. Let us show it to our elders that they may know that we are in disgrace with the Europeans because we are in possession of cloth that we did not buy. We shall be in difficulties if our elders refuse to pay up for our quarreL"

"If you know that this is how the matter lies," I said, "it would be better for us to go back now with the cloth, and return it to the Europeans. I don't want to be in disgrace because I have cloth which I did not buy. They gave it to us, we did not steal it."

" No, no," said my friend, "don't let us go back with the cloth. At Bandawe I saw a man going up to speak to the white man, and he set his dog on him to bite him." Just let us keep quiet. We won't tear up the cloth, only let our elders see it."

So home we went, and gave the cloth into the safe keeping of our parents.

Next morning I sought out my teacher Mr. Scott, and I asked him, "Why did you give us the cloth 1 Do you wish to buy sheep or goats with it, and bring them to you 1"

"When did I give it to you 1" he asked. "Yesterday you gave us each six yards." Then he roared with laughter. "No, no, my child," he said, "It's yours. You have been helping us to teach the children in school. That is your pay." Now I understood, and went and explained it all to my companion. Yet in spite of all this, we did not venture to divide that cloth for four months. Another story of my ignorance. It was about that time that we began to build a brick school at Chinyera. I am ashamed to tell the tale of my treatment of my teacher who tried to open my eyes to see the Bright and Morning Star. Mr. Charles Stuart was building the school, and he had chosen me to be a foreman to go with a band of men to get bark for binding the sca,ffolding. Twice I went out with my men and brought back bark. But there was a great noise of beer-drinking in my village. So I entered the house where the beer was. In the morning I had not been there, and my friends had set aside some beer for me. I drank until I was intoxicated, and then I forgot all about my work. I took up my "gubu," and climbing to the top of an ant-hill, I sat down, and began to sing. Now some people went to Mr. Stuart, and told him that Mtusu had left his work, and was sitting on an ant-hill, playing his "gu-bu" and singing. Mr. Stuart started off to see me, and cried out, "Come here." I laid down my "gubu," and came to him.

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"Why have you left your work, and why do you sit here idling?" he asked.

"I made two journeys, and am now drinking," I answered.

"I am sitting here because the beer is here."

"Clear out," said Mr. Stuart. "There is no more work for you. " And he took me by the scruff of the neck and ran me off.

But my temper was up, and I got hold of an axe, and deter- mined to cut at him with it. We had a fierce struggle, and I ran away.

When sense came back to me after the effects of the beer had passed, I saw the evil thing I had done to my teacher. Filled with shame I went to Mombera, the chief, and stayed there for four days until my mother came to fetch me back. Then I went to Mr. Stuart's house, and said to him, "Teacher, I have done you a great wrong. It was all because I was drunk."

He quickly answered, "Yes, you did wrong. Get back to your work." I So I started work again. But I am still filled with shame when I remember these things. Black fear gets hold of me lest these passions grip me again. Beer was my great enemy. I fear to touch it lest it steals my sense, and my life, and sends me back to serve the devil as his soldier. '

Chapter V-The Decision Althofigh I was a mission teacher, I was really a teacher of Satan. For in these days I was betrothed to five girls besides having the wife who is still with me. Here I am filled with wonder, for I was the most ignorant of men, yet God came to my ignorance using the simple ways for the ignorant. For though I taught I knew nothing.

Thus it was that one night in 1894, while I was asleep, these words came to me, "Daniel, how many wives have you?" I answered, "I have five girls betrothed to me, and one wife who is with me." Then the word said, "Stop." A second time I heard the word, "Daniel, how many wives have youT" "Five and the wife who is with me."

"Stop." Six times that night I heard the message, and when I had replied, the word said, "Stop." In the morning I told my wife about these matters. Then she knew that I wanted to leave off these girls, because of the words that had come to me in the night. So she said to me,

"If you renounce these girls, I shall go back to my own home. I don't want to cook and sweep alone. I refuse to do it." I ar- gued with her, but she only said, "No."

Now I was greatly troubled, and I wrote to Mawerera [the head teacher and the first Ohristian] asking him to try and instruct my wife, and I told him what had happened in the night. But although she was called by him, and taught by him, she refused to change her mind. She continued to say, "I will go back to my home, if Daniel gives up these girls."

This greatly depressed me, but I remembered the words of Matthew's gospel that a man's foes shall be those of his own household. Yet I could not get that word out of my mind, "Stop." I thought I should wait till I should see whether my wife would not change her intention. But the village elders confirmed her, for they had no wish to see me with only one wife.

At this time we had one child, Aaron, who was still a little distressed lest he should die. I was rea.ding about the works of Jesus Ohrist how He healed the sick, and raised the dead. I read baby. He became terribly ill, and my wife and I were greatly in the gospel of Luke, chapter 7, verses 1 to 10, but without much faith. I doubted and feared, yet wished with much wondering that He might hear my prayer. So o",?-e night, when we were broken down with the constant cries of the child, I said, "The child will die, but let me try to pray." To this my wife agreed, but she would not listen to my prayer. Indeed up to that night she had never prayed. I said, "If Thou didst so to the child of the centurion, and if Thou art the Author of everything, as it is taught us, then save my child quickly. If Thou wilt save this child, I will be thine, and my wife will be thine and the child will be thine. And so my wife and I shall have one mind, and I will renounce. those to whom I am be- trothed. Amen. "

We sat quietly, and then to my wonder, for it was not vex:y seemly, we both slept. A long sweet sleep came to us, and to the child also. As the dawn drew near I seemed to dream, and then wakened suddenly. I remembered the child and his great sickness, and I rose weeping, for I thought that the child had died while we slept. When I looked at him, the mother was still sleep- ing, and the baby was in a heavy sweat, the perspiration running like water on to the mat. But the life of the child had returned.

I took him up, and did not wait to blow up the fire. Then the mother wakened, and cried, "Is the child deaM Water has been pouring from him."

"Take the child," I replied, "He is alive. That water is his . sweat." She wept, and asked me to blow up the fire. I did so,

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and then we were able to look on our boy. We saw that he was well, and' we gave him milk, which he drank nicely.

I sat quiet, looking at my wife. At length she said, "I greatly erred about that dream of yours. And see the child has recovered because of your prayer. I shall stay with you, though you give up all the girls you have betrothed. Should my father and mother come to confirm me in myoId refusal, I shall answer them nothing. Serve God along with me."

So I prayed again, and said, "Now I know Thee, and I am Thine. I swear I will not leave Thee. Keep me till I rest in my grave. The child is Thine. Keep him till he grows to know Thee and to be Thy slave. Thou hast shown '1'hyself to me, the chief of sinners. I will be Thy slave forever."

That morning I went to Dr. Steele, and told him the whole story of my wife, and of the sickness of my child.

"Let us pray," he said. "All, no! you will pray."

So I prayed with a great peace in my heart, and then he prayed, and said, "Thou revealest Thyself by many ways. Thy paths we cannot measure. Be with him all the time, and with the child. Amen. " '

Now the marriages of these girls had been arranged by their parents, and they were about to be sent on to me, so I asked Dr.

Steele to help me when I told the parents that I would not have them. But he was not at all sure about my duty, and spoke hesi- tatingly about polygamy.

"No! no!," I cried. "All 'night long I struggled with that question, 'How many wives have you?' I cannot go back."

"Well," he said, "th~re is going to bea meeting of the mis- sionaries at Ekwendeni. Dr. Laws, and Dr. Elmslie are coming.

I shall speak with them, and if they agree that you should leave off these girls, I shall write you a letter at once. But if they agree with me you will also obey."

So I waited as my teacher had told me, and he went to Ekwen- denio On the fourth day he wrote to me to say that all the mis- sionaries agreed that I ought to do as I had determined. I sent off messengers to the parents of the girls at once, to tell them that they were not to send their daughters to me, for I did not wish to marry them. When the girls heard this they came to me, asking me if it was true that I had sent such a message to their fathers, and I told them, "Yes, it is true. Go away, and marry other husbands, but you won't marry me."

Then they all wept. It came of their ignorance. But I was set free, and the parents raised no objection, for I had not yet sent the cattle for the dowry. In those days, you understand, it

was the women who chose their husbands, and men who had a great reputation were picked by many girls.

Chapter VI-Baptism Now after some days had passed I asked for baptism, for at that time we had no catechumens' class. On the 5th of February, 1895, I was baptized. No others were received on that day but myself, and my child.

When the service was over I returned home with joy, and entering my house began to read in the Gospel of John. While I was still reading I saw a vision. I was not asleep, my eyes were open, and I saw a Person.

He said, "I am He in Whom you have believed. Yau need not ask. See, I am that Jesus Whom you have covenanted to serve and love." In the room there was a great light, and my heart was filled with a great joy. I began to sing the hymn, "Oome to Jesus just ilOW. Then I knew that I was with the li"ving Jesus, and my heart cried out that He might not leave me. I began to read in my Bible and see there the excellency of Jesus. I called to my brothers to come to my house that I might tell them the wonderful things of this Gospel that filled my heart.

Three of my brothers began soon after this to teach in school, and one who was a polygamist, began to put away his wives. So the goodness of God, when one was clinging to Him just a little, began to cleanse everything about one. So in our village people began to follow Ohrist, and my three brothers applied for baptism.

They were called to Mora, and there along with Jonathan Chirwa they were baptised. Oh the joy, when I saw my brothers entering on the good way! .

But the old people of the village were not pleased, and they said that Daniel is leading many astray, and they counted me as a murderer, a real murderer. Yet we had nothing but peace, though people said many things against us. Our hearts drew near to the gate of the knowledge of the sweetness of the Gospel. And there is nothing in the world that beats the sweetness of it.

Now I taught every. morning in the Chinyera school. At mid: day I went to Njuyu mission station to be taught there myself, and in the evening I taught in the Maumba school, and then returned home. This return journey in the evening was to prove a little dangerous to us. For one day when David and I were on our way home, a man met us on the path and warned us to be careful, for there were many who plotted to kill us, because we had taken up customs that were different from those of the country. "Beware,"

he said.

His words depressed us somewhat, for already others had been killed for this very reason. So I said to David,

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"Come let us pray. God will deliver us so that no one will kill us. Let us sit down and have prayer."

So we spoke with God, and then I said, "Come along. What does it matter though danger appear.

God will protect us."* .

As we passed through Chiwazo's village we found that Muzi- kobola Jere was there along with a number of young men, drink- ing beer in a house. We had just gone beyond the confines of the village when we heard some one shouting, "Is it you who tell the people that they are not to become polygamists ~ You are ruining the chief's country," he said.

As soon as my friend heard these words, he bolted. .It was getting dark now, and some cried, "Let us kill him."

But the others protested, saying, "No, no. Let us thrash him soundly." So they beat me, and forced open my mouth, and fed me with spittle. The villagers thought I was killed, and they sent off to Njuyu to spread the news. My friend, too, confirmed it, for he told how he had seen me caught and threatened.

The affair roused the indignation of my fellow villagers, and they cried, "Come let us fight these people."

So they gathered in the night, and as they drew near they found me, and asked me all about my treatment, and I told thelllj in detail. They then surrounded the village under the leadership of Mawelera. We agreed not to use our spears to hurt anyone un- less we were attacked. We only wished to seize the cattle, and Mawelera warned us that in no case must any woman be hurt.

We drove the cattle from the kraal, and though the villagers at- tacked us, none of us were wounded, for they seemed to aim at our bodies with their clubs, and not at our heads.

Next day they went off to Mperembe (the late chief's brother), and told him how the people of Moho had entered their village.

Mperembe expressed great surprise at this, "for," he said. "all the children of Moho have given up beer. You must have started the quarrel. Wait till I send my men to enquire into this affair."

Presently his messengers came to us and asked us about the matter and when they had heard all we had to say, they told Chiwazo's people that they were clearly to blame, for they had begun the quarrel and now they should pay up to the village they had wronged.

So they brought a cow and a goat, as payment. The cow we returned, but we accepted the goat, and there the matter was ended.

Evangelization in

BY REV. THOMAS M. CHALMERS, NEW YORK Director of the N~w York Jewish Evangelization Society A FRIEND said years ago in a letter to the writer, "It seems to me that intercessors for Israel have always been men of tears. " It is a striking thought. One recalls at once Moses, Samuel, Elijah, Jeremiah, Daniel, Jesus, Paul. Out of blood and tears has come every victory for God in Israel. Where much is put intQ the work, there is great gain. No victory can be expected without struggle; no fruit without tears and death. "Except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abideth alone; but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit."

Jesus Christ died for Israel. Other men, following in His train, have given strength and life for the Jews. The result is a great harvest. The Jewish mission field has been the most fruitful mission field of modern times. In proportion to the total number of Jews in the world, the converts to Christianity since the year 1800 have been much larger than the percentage of converts among heathen or Moslems. Here is the encouragement of actual victory. God's promises reveal that the Jewish mission will be the first to arrive at its goal in the actual conversion of the entire nation. After Israel's conversion the nations return to God. (See Romans xi; 12, 15.) The trumpet of divine providence calls for advance.

There are about fifteen milllions of Jews in the. world. Nearly 3,500,000 of these find their homes in America. They have spread all over the country, so that 161 cities and towns have at least 1,000 Jews each. Greater New York has over 1,600,000 and unless hindered by the government a new immigration will soon begin. In Poland alone 400,000 Jews are awaiting transportation to come to America. Five years of unrestricted immigration might mean a Jewish popUlation here of five or even six millions.

Here are Jews now from all parts of the earth. They represent all conditions, all trades, all grades of intelligence from the most ignorant pedlar or fish-woman to the university professor. Nearly every form of philosophy ever taught has its Jewish students here. These millions are without Christ-"lost sheep. " There is for them no salvation but by the Cross. As a believing Jewish friend said to the writer lately, "No people is so shepherdless, no race so dissatisfied with itself '01' so little fed by its leaders." God has brought these millions here that the Christians of America may give them the Gospel. Their leaders propose to dechristianize America. Are Christians ready to meet the issue T 946 Consider the difficulties of this great field. The first is the separateness of the Jews. They count themselves, and God counts them, exclusive. Seldom wili they enter a church. They need the Gospel presented in different form from the Gentile nationalities. There must be separate mission work in behalf of Jews, as with Poles or Chinese, only with stronger reason. Difference of language requires this, also, while their scattered condition makes it difficult to maintain missions for them except in the larger towns. It is not easy for the few missionaries to reach out and touch the scattered units in ten thousand towns and villages.

Other difficulties grow out of the amazing Jewish ignorance of the Scriptures, their unbelief and atheism, self"righteousness and self-sufficiency, contempt for the Christian missionary whether Jew or Gentile, the new national spirit due to Zionism, and the awful prejudice against Christ and Christianity, because of centuries of persecution and ignorance of what true Christianity is. These hindrances, with others unmentioned, render the Jewish mil3sion field, after the Mohammedan, the most difficult in the world. This array of difficulties should convince everyone that ihis field calls for master workers, men of ability and spiritual power, fitted by special training to lead such a people to Christ. At the same time there is room for all sorts of talent, but above all every worker must be upright in character and full of the love of Christ.

On the side of the churches there are hindrances due to ignorance of the Jew and of Israel's place in the plan of God. The unkind attitude of many so-called Christians toward the Jews greatly injures missionary effort. The indifference of pastors and of great churches holds multitudes of Christians aloof from all interest in efforts to evangelize the Jews. Sentimental overdoing of kindness to Jewish converts also helps to unsettle them, puffs up their pride and often leads to the wrecking of their Christian profession. All this greatly hurts the cause of Jewish missions.

In the face of all these discouraging aspects of the field there are reasons for great encouragement. God has given particular promises to the Jews and they stand in a special relation to His plan of blessing for the world. They often receive the Gospel message with great eagerness. The converts have peculiar zeal for Christ, and three times as many converts enter the Christian ministry as of believers from among the heathen.

Important work is being done for the Jews in America. Although totally inadequate to the need, yet nearly thirty missions are at work from sea to sea. They reach the Jews by preaching in mission halls and on the street, by visitation work and the scattering of Scriptures and other literature, and by medical work and

classes for women and children. The mails are also used to send tracts to many Jews all over the land.

These forms of work have had larger results than would be acknowledged by .Tews or recognized by many Christians. The impossibility of gathering converts into separate congregations makes it difficult to "show" results. Besides, the influence of this sowing of the seed reaches far beyond the present reaping of con- verts. The Jewish mind and conscience are being sub-soiled with gospel truth in preparation for the future mass conversion of the nation. This is the most important consequence of gospel work among Jews. The bitter opposition of Jews, especially of the leaders, reveals what they fear from this work. This is eloquent testimony to the effectiveness of this gospel effort.

For true advance we need urgently more prayer, more trained workers, the spiritual upbuilding of converts and larger resources of money and equipment. Other needs are important, but these are first and imperative.

There should be more prayer in the churches, among the workers and by the converts. The deepening of spiritual life in the workers would mean far more power for the work. Such life would strengthen the converts and lead them to a firmer grip on God. When converts and laborers lead lives of victory the re- sult will be far greater influence with the Jews who hear the Gospel.

A higher standard of Christian living is demanded for mission- aries and converts.

More workers are urgently needed. Men of heroic mold will find here a sphere for true sacrifice. Trained workers, able to undertake real work for Christ in close grips with bitter foes, are in great demand. Women filled with the tender love of Christ are needed to reach out to the suffering and needy. A training school is a great necessity to fit workers for their work. This is a matter for united effort by mission boards. A way must be found to train future laborers, or 1he Jewish work will go on only in a stumbling fashion. – Larger investments of money are sorely needed. The Chris- tians of Great Britain have for many years expended far greater sums for work among the Jews than we in America have done.

About ten times as much money is yearly invested in the Jewish field abroad as in this country. Their greater success is due in part to this fact. With better equipment and more laborers there could be an immediate large extension of the work all over our land.

The outlook is most hopeful. The Jews need the Gospel.

Many of them are hungry for something better than they find in Jewry, and many are accepting Christ.

IN AN AMERICAN MISSION HOSPITAL IN

A Red Crescent Nurse in Turkey· The Effective Work of a Graduate of a Mission Training School BY ISABEL TROWBRIDGE MERRILL. AINTAB. TURKEY A T the entrance of Turkey into the great war, our mission hospital at Aintab was requisitioned by the Red Cross for military purposes. Ever since then it has been constantly filled with soldiers, but it has not been the only military hospital in the city. As cases of disease increased in the army, our American hospital was set apart for surgical cases only, and all others were sent to the six or seven Red Crescent or government hospitals. The government had no competent nurses and as Miss Trowbridge, the superintendent of the American hospital, was aln!ady overworked they tried to find a native nurse.

A class of Armenian girls had just completed their course in our Nurses' Training School, but even before they received their diplomas, one member of the class, Annitsa by name, consented to accept the position of head nurse in the main Red Crescent building. She had had some years' experience in our hospital and training under American doctors and nurses.

The position which Annitsa undertook to fill was an unusually difficult one. The doctors, orderlies and most of the patients were • The TlIrks could not bring themselves to use the Christian term "Red ero…. ao call their OrpniutiOD for the service of the sick and wounded soldiers the "Red Cl'escent." It baa often cooperated with the American Red Cross and in some places has done efficient aerrice.

Tnrks, while she was an Armenian, a Christian and "only a girl." There had been no supervision of the wards. Everything was in chaos. Moreover it was impossible to get anything done without an enormous amount of red tape, for the hospital was under the Fourth Army Corps with headquarters at Aleppo, the capital of the province, sixty miles away.

The conditions in the hospital almost defy description. Most serious of all was the criminal disregard of the nature of the disease in the housing of the patients. She found the wards so crowded that five patients to three beds or three to two was the rule. In one building the dead were buried at night, supposedly in the yard, that outsiders might not know the fearful death rate. Typhus, cholera and other contagious cases were in bed with cases of pneumonia, malaria 0 .. <lther less serious fevers. Of ·course the lighter cases soon contracted the contagious diseases and died. There were no sheets on the beds in some buildings, making a change impossible without ripping, washing and making over a mattress, and this was seldom done. There were no bathing facilities beyond the pump in the yard and sick soldiers were driven to it stripped, while a convalescent pumped or splashed cold water over them. The clothing of contagious cases was thrown out on the hillside; the sewers of the hospital emptied on the surface of the ground just outside the hospital gates. The wasfe water from the washroom collected in fetid pools dug by the soldiers. In some buildings there were no toilet arrangements, unless possibly for the able bodied patients. The common practice was to use the floor of the ward; an9 for many weak pat~ents who could not leave their beds there was no provision. The stench in the wards and all about the place was unspeakable. Flies swarmed everywhere. An empty Y. M. C. A. room was being used in a feeble attempt to segregate the cholera cases, but this was in such a condition that, both because of the filth and also because of their horror of the disease, the doctors refused to enter the room. They would stand at the door, with their hands clapped over their noses, roaring out questions, orders and abuse at the ignorant orderlies. There was one thermometer for two hundred patients and Annitsa was expected to take all the temperatures herself. Had she done this. morning and evening, it would have fully oCcupied her time.

The arrangements for feeding the poor wretches were utterly inadequate. There were very few utensils or dishes. Food was carried and even served in old kerosene cans cut in two. A weak patient would often be brought in and left twenty four hours without food, becanse, forsooth, the Ser Tabib (head doctor) had jnst been there and given his orders and would not come again till the next day, the rule being that no patient might have food until the

A RED CRESCENT NURSE IN TURkEY

doctor had seen him. Often they were past all need of food or medicine when the doctor finally came.

There were storerooms in the hospital piled to the ceiling with copper dishes, clothing and silk and satin covered bedding, taken as loot from the wealthy Armenians who had been exiled, but owing to mismanagement and lack of coordination these stores lay un- touched, while the patients had to be put to bed naked for lack of clean clothes, and to lie in beds which the indifferent orderlies would not or could not cleanse.

One of our students, whose father was one of the most im- portant and wealthiest Beys in the city, came to see me one day.

He had been working in our pharmacy in order to learn the pro- fession and had recently been drafted and was working in the Turkish hospital. I asked him if he was in the drug room. "Oh, no," he replied, "I am a clerk. The rule is that the druggists not only make up but administer the medicine, and it is so dirty there that I cannot do that." Then he added with a smile, "It is not like our hospital."

This was the state of affairs that our young Armenian nurse had to face almost singlehanded. Her only assets were a fine cli- mate, good weather and her own courage and capability. There were also several Armenian women who tried to help, though they were hardly more than scrubwomen.

Annitsa first told the head doctor that the contagious cases -must be removed and segregated.

"But we have no room-no place to put them" was the ob- jection. .

"No matter, lay them out on the ground" was her instant reply, "that would be better than this."

Strange to say, the self-important, pompous officials did as the Armenian girl told them. They secured army tents and Imt the typhus cases out on the ground, and so hardy were these men that, once out in the pure air, some of them recovered. There was an almost immediate change in the death rate, as those in the hospitals now had some chance to recover. Annitsa then called in a number of Armenian exile women and had them clean up. They did it every day and all day. Some of the satin bedding, and rich cloth- ing was sold and the proceeds use to buy cotton cloth. Six or eight women were employed to sew. Sheets were made and night shirts and towels-by the dozen. The scrub women were gradually trans- formed from ragged refugees into neatly dressed nurses. Uni- forms were made for them of white homespun cotton with blue pin- stripe; even caps made their appearance. Annitsa planned, cut out and fitted all the aprons, and uniforms. At first she received in- sults. and the vilest proposals from the men about the place, even from officials, but her dignity soon put a stop to this and she be-

came "Annitsa Hanum" (lr Lady Annitsa. ""What she says goes" became the attitude of all, from the doctors to the meanest worker.

She asked for brushes and disinfectants. "Those are things which we cannot give you" was the reply. So she sent to Aleppo for brushes, in the meantime having the women scour their hands with earth and sand. When she insisted on the need of boric and carbolic, the head doctor told her to "get some potted plants for the windows; they will take away the smells" t It was soon no longer true that" no one left the hospital except on a bier," as the soldiers used to say.

Much pleased by the new regime, the doctors decided that .Annitsa could do still more, and added building after building to the number under her care, until she became superintendent of seven buildings, some of them a quarter of a mile apart. She spent all of her time from early morning until after sundown in going from one to another, supervising, taking temperatures, looking after the sewing, the meals and many other things.

In all matters Annitsa had to act cautiously, lest she should displease the authorities and be dismissed and then exiled. Whenever possible she was given her Sunday afternoons off and at her request the sewing women were not required to sew on Sundays. This was granted only after repeated requests, but shows how much Annitsa was respected.

What was her reward for all this Herculean labor, for I am sure the Augean stables were not comparable with her task1 Her salary was the princely sum of three liras a month, on a generous estimate the equivalent of $6.60, as paper money had dropped to less than half its value in gold. But this is not all. Deportations had begun in our city. All Christians were being exiled except those in government employ as soldiers, druggists and some artisans. The people of Annitsa's city ward were told to go. All her relatives were among the number. In vain she saw the doctors, the important men of the ward and of the city, the police, in vain she pleaded for her aged mother. It was of no avail, "They must go," and go they did into the southern deserts. Two young children of her brother were spared and, in addition to her work, she had the care and support of these little ones. She used to cook the children's food after coming home at night, making enough to last them for breakfast and lunch the next day. Yet with all this she was not bitter, only hurt that when she was doing so much, she had not been given the consideration afforded even the common soldiers whose families were not deported from the city.

The willing service of Annitsa and of her assistants to the soldiers, all of whom had suffered inconceivably at the hands of the Turks, is one of the finest examples of Christian grace and training that I have ever seen.

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EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 224 FOURTH AVE., NEW YORK MISSIONARY METHODS FOR SHUT-INS THE FOUR WALLS OF OPPORTUNITY I ~ "To the east a wall, to the west a wall, to the north a wall, § tthoetsheesasomuethfoaurwawll,a'l'lsSaOhvdeo sboemcoemlievebsust eeemntratoncbees btooubnoduend,dlyesest _=.:=._=_.– opportunity for those who entered in to minister, and to those prisoners whose unconquerable spirits have defied four-walled == confines and gone forth into world-wide service. IIIIDII Ida Gracey's Dream of careful examination, he shook his head hopelessly, and Ida Gra- THE quick tap of crutches was cet knew that he was trying to on the stairway. The faces of tell her very gently that the four walls of that hospital room' would the girls who. waited lighted with henceforth be the boundaries of eager, spontaneous welcome. her life.

"Here she is 1" one of the group Never was there a girl who acclaimed joyfully. "We're sure to loved light and laughter and God's have a good time if Ida goes," and outdoors more than did this girl they were off for a jolly boating who was to be shut in from it all. party. Bravely she heard what the great doctor had to say. All of the The tap of Ida Gracey's crutches heroic fortitude which was hers by was never a bid for sympathy, but right of inheritance from both her a forerunner of the entrance of a father and mother, who had done radiant personality. The attack of valiant missionary service in Inscarlet fever which left her lame dia, was challenged now. Then her for life when she was but a tod- unconquerable spirit flashed forth dling baby, did not rob her of one and she said: whit of her vivacity. Liveliest of the lively party of girls at the "I will not be cut off from my beautiful Thousand Islands on the customary life and buried before St. Lawrence was she. Swift as my time. This room shall be my the swiftest was her boat, merry parlor where my friends may come as the merriest her banjo. as usual."

During the years of her early Noone ever felt that it was a girlhood she took her part in the duty to go to that "parlor." From world's work and play. Always that day forth it became a popular there was the hope that some one resort. Said one friend who linof the many eminent specialists gered there: whom she consulted would find the cure. "There are people who would pay more for a seat at this bed- Then came the day when, after side than for a box at grand she had gradually grown more and opera." . more helpless, a great surgeon came to her room in the .Clifton To that room came the strong Springs Sanatorium. After hours and the well to find cheer and ~

comfort and blessing unspeakable. little, broken, suffering, crippled Eager children, sure of a welcome, girls,-into this first home for cripbrought their dolls, their Teddy ples in all China. Shut in one Bears, their kittens and their little room, shut out from all chance for chicks. Flowers, autumn leaves, active work, as the world would the Jack-o'Lanterns of Hallowe'en, say, she steadfastly faced the door the glories. of red and green of the opened to her, and never was she Christmas time, the lilies of East- disobedient to her heavenly vision. er, came from far and near, vying With all the earnestness of her inwith each other in making the tense, unselfish soul she prayed for seasons glorious in that lame girl's the establishment of this home for crippled girls in China. With all room. The little Italian boy who the winsomeness of her radiant danced and sang for guests below personality she told her dream to wanted to go up to dance and those who came to her bedside. sing for "her." A judge of the Empty handed she gave herself to Supreme Court stopped off on his the task. As she prayed, gifts came. The superintendent of the way across the State to his bench, sanatorium brought his tiny that he might have the privilege daughter close to the bed and a of a few moments in that room. big gold piece dropped from the baby hand to the pillow beside the "She was the jolliest girl, and white face with its shining eyes. nobody else ever could be so Women of wealth brought their patient and sweet" said the. win- jewels to her. In answer to her dow cleaner. prayers gifts came from far and near. "Never," said the medical super- It was the great year of Jubilee intendent as he came from a half of the Women's Foreign Missionhour in her room "have I seen ary Societies. Meetings were begreater suffering or greater brav- ing held in hrge cities all over the ery." country. In a darkened room in the Clifton Springs Sanatorium a Invariably those who went in to thin white hand exultantly waved "cheer her up" found that it was a check for one thousand dollars. she who cheered them. "See," she said to a friend, During the days and nights as "don't you want to look at it-my she lay on her bed suffering such check for one thousand dollars excruciating pain yet surrounded which I am sending to buy the always by such love and care, land. I am having a jubilee all Ida Gracey's thoughts turned con- of my own." stantly to the crippled girls in China. She saw them in her Joyfully she sent it to China. dreams-baby girls cast out to One thousand dollars was the die in that terrible baby pond price of the site on which was that· back of Dr. Mary Stone's hospital in China; helpless girls crippled baby pond back of Dr. Mary for life by disease or cruel treat- Stone's hospital. The site was ment, with no tender arms. about purchased. With faith unwaverthem, no flowers along their way, ing, the frail, suffering girl in no love and care. She thought of America persisted in the work for them by day, and at night in her the suffering girls of China. Now dreams they were before her. Then that the land had been purchased, the terrible dreams changed to she began to pray for funds that beautiful visions. Behold, she saw the home might be built. That laborers come to fill in the baby darkened room seemed to have pond. She saw carpenters come wireless connections with the ends to build a house on that site. She saw doctors and nurses and teach- ers come to gather in tenderly the

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of the earth and with heaven their mother and said: "Don't you itself. Gifts continued to come un- think ,it would be nice to put it in til the two thousand dollars need- your cripples' fund as mother's ed for the building fund was in contribution ?" hand. Ida Gracey's dream had come true. By faith through "Why, yes! Lovely I" she said. prayer she had accomplished the And with that key word of her work given her to do. life on her lips, Ida Gracey en- tered into life eternal. One night in the stillness her At Kiukiang on the banks of the sister bent low over the frail "lit- Yangtze stands a home for criptle white lilac" as a friend called pled children-Ida's dream – come this flower-like girl. She spoke of a small sum of money left by true, her prayer answered.

"Teil us about them"-we asked of a group of missionary leaders- "about some of those beautiful lives that have been made perfect in suffering. Hidden away from the light have been many who have wrought marvelously. Tell us what you do to reach the "shut-ins" and give us some of the rare stories of what they have done to reach the world." In the answers that have come are humor and pathos and enough methods of work to give a new program to missionary societies and churches.

SWITCH BOARD SERVICE FOR In addition to letters of inspira- tion, assistance is needed in prac- SHUT INS tical lines. Our doctors should be kept in touch with doctors at The switchboard in the tele- home, ' our mIsSIOnary, teachers phone office is the link between crave the stimulus of contact with folks who need each other. It con- progressive educators. Our nurses nects consumer and supply. Such and hospital workers require hos- service is possible for the Shut In. pital supplies, our Sunday-school From the confines of one house to leaders over there would be re-in- the breadth of the world, from forced spiritually and mentally, association with only the little cir- were they in correspondence with cle of home to contact w:ith alert modern leaders here. Teachers men and women of big hearts and would welcome simple gifts for big tasks, sharing their activity, their pupils. We suggest thereone with them in the upbuilding fore to Shut Ins this opportunity of the Kingdom of God,-is not for invigorating service-personal this a proposition that invites to correspondence with missionaries fregh air and broad spaces? and the direction of the service of their church in upholding their Keep Up the Morale missionary by means of letters and practical helpfulness. Our missionaries in distant fields too often feel cut off from the "Like Opening a Window in a Stu.)' church at home. They need letters assuring them of upholding Room" friendship. -The morale at the front, in time of war, was kept up Of the need for such service, the by letters from home. Just as following selection from a recent truly do our soldiers in the battle missionary letter leaves no doubt: front of the ChuTch need expression of our constant thought. To "The difficulties seem greatest our younger missionaries, espec- and hardest to bear during the ially, such letters are a vital neces- second and third years. It i. then sity. the novelty has worn off a.nd one

begins to realize the awful, de- educational material to the mis- pressing influence of heathenism. sionary teacher, and your Sunday- Others are busy with routine work, school enthusiast to send copies of but, because of the language, the the helps he finds most satisfac- new missionary can have little tory, each writing a note about part in this activity* * * It is dur- the material. Link all the special- ing this period that friends at ists of your church with the spec- home can be of great help to the ialists of your mission station. new missionary * * * When wea- Architects could help the mission- ried by the dreary drudgery of ary who must superintend mission language study, depressed by the building; there are problems of squalor of heathen surroundings, 'oreign finance on which our mis- wearied by too close contact with sion treasurers may like to con- the same small group of com- sult your bankers; questions of di- panions, the coming of the home plomacy that would interest your mail is like the opening of a lawyers. Be their telephone oper- window in a stuffy room. One ator. Keep your switchboard act- cannot measure the value of a Ive. newsy letter, full of little home gossip, a description of a social Over the offices of our electric event, a discussion of a new book. power stations we read the sign, or even a description of the latest "Light-Power." Pray, pray, pray, styles in dress. Just to know over every feature of this .beauti- what other people are thinking ful task, that you may receive and talking of, goes a long way "light ~nd power," and that, by towards helping her get back a means of your switchboard, you wholesome train of thought." may connect wires that shall di- rect the light and power of your Have an Active Switch Board church to that other· arm of the church; across the sea. , If your church supports its own missionary, and you have not yet A Power House–Direct the Curren~ entered into the privileges of cor- respondence with him and his wife, Your Sunday-school is waiting by all means, begin now. If you your service. It is a power house enjoy letter-writing, ask your of energy,-direct the current Board for the addresses of young abroad! Suggest to each class a missionaries whom you can cheer definite date when it shall remem- with your friendship. Do not look ber your mIssIOnary. Magazine for long letters in reply-consider pictures that illustrate American your letters a bestowal. Suggest life would be welcomed by mis- merely that while an answer would sionary teachers; Perry pictures of be gladly received that all you ask the Life of Christ make attractive is a postcard to assure you that and useful scrapbooks; photo- your message was 'Yelcome. This graphs of your .pastor, your is your first opportunity and the church, your town, would be en- second is like unto it,-stimulate joyed; light, simple new little gifts, your church members to letter sent by parcel post, such as little work writing and to practical service of bags, are all desirable; picture post- their missionary or of some mis- cards, pasted together to conceal writ- sion station. ing, may be mailed in quantity. We Ask the doctor to write a mes- know of one Shut In who greatly sage of comradeship to the doctor enjoys preparing postcards in this of your station and to send him a way; of another who kindled mission- late medical review. Ask your ary fires by circulating bright mis- school teachers to mail stimulating sionary books among boys and girls, offering a prize to the one

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who read the most. Have little of the different classes mentioned copies made of your missionary's above who promise to read the maphotograph, and give one to each terial. A call to prayer and an pupil who will promise to pray for envelope in which to place gifts him every Sunday and to write of money are also enclosed. and tell him of this. Suggest that the women and girls who made The visitors who have been sehospital supplies during the war, cured in local churches report now prepare such for the hospital quarterly to the Extension Departof your mission station. They ment on visits made, whether the are grievously needed. Ask your literature has been read, and missionary how best you can help amount of money collected. All him; tell him that it is the desire money collected goes to the local of your church people that they church for its regular missionary and he may be "workers together apportionment.

with God." What can shut-ins do? Through This path of service will yiel,l the Extension Department we .hope to give them the joy of helpblessing to yourself, to your ing in the White Cross work church, to your missionaries. En- which is an effort to supply needs ter into it with joy! of missionaries, such as needle work, bandage cutting, knitting, LEILA ALLEN DIMOCK, etc. Board of Foreign Missions of the INA E. BURTON, Presbyterian Church in the Extension Department Secretary. U.S.A.

BAPTIST EXTENSION DEPARTMENT ONE WOMAN'S WAY The Woman's American Baptist She had been ill for two months Home and Foreign Mission Socie- in a hospital of a distant city. ties have united on a plan to reach Alone, amid strangers, the days shut-ins and others who for var- and nights of weakness and pain ious reasons cannot attend mis- had seemed endless, unendurable. siona.ry meetings where they will To an active, busy young woman receive inspiration for service with friendly and' social instincts, which comes from interesting pro- the bare white walls of her room grams and social intercourse. The were like a prison from which she plan is known as the Extension might never escape into the Department. When fully worked cheery, work-a-day world. Sunout it hopes to have plans for day, the day she loved best of mothers of little children, business all the week in her home town up women, invalids, rural churches, among the new England hills, was dying churches whose members especially lonely now. The hallwill be lost to the cause if no ways echoed with the footsteps of effort is made to hold them, unor- visitors, but they never stopped at ganized Baptist women in union her door. She longed, oh so much churches in small towns, and un- for flowers, but none ever came. organized women in small Baptist churches. Once she had been secretary of the woman's missionary society of The whole plan is worked on her church. She felt a pang as the quarterly idea. Beginning with she thought how seldom she had January and each following quar- ever called on the sick and shutter packets of interesting leaflets in; how little the society had done including letters from missionaries to make the days brighter for old on the home and foreign fields Grandma Blake, who was paraare sent to women called visitors. lyzed, and sat by her window hour They give the packets to women after hour; for little Marion Grey,

with the wistful black eyes, who children and helped make articles had been a cripple ever since her for layettes. It was suggested that fall long ago; for Mrs. Brown who letters be sent with the articles. had always wanted to come to a missionary meeting, but was never As a result, several long distance able because of scarcity of clothes and abundance of babIes. One by friendships were begun between a one they passed before her, fretful lcnely invalid in the New England or patient, cross or cheery. And she vowed earnestly if she ever got village, and a lonely minister's wife well, and went back home, "things would be different." And they in the far frontier. 'Were different, for God gave her her chance! A member of. the committee vol u n tee red to "mind" Mrs. At the first fall meeting of the Brown's babies, so she might atsociety she launched her plans, and her eagerness and enthusiasm "car- tend a meeting of the society-a ried" the others with her. A committee for shut-ins, later called a real event in her life. home league committee, was ap- A big bundle of old magazines pointed. Calls were made on all the shut-ins of the parish, and they was carried to Mrs. S-, who was were invited to become associate propped up in bed most of the members of the society. time, but could cut out pictures, and paste them on cambric scrap Once a month an envelope con- books. taining several bright, interesting missionary stories and leaflets, a Little. Marion Grey made gay copy of a missionary magazine, a colored beads out of magazine covletter from a missionary, and sev- ers, and dressed dolls, provided by eral post cards illustrating the the society, for a Christmas box country or people-the subject of for a Southern mission school. The the society's study-was left at the teacher of the school, on being indifferent homes. These were kept fermed about Marion, asked the in circulation and the following children to write to her. The day month passed on to another. the mail man left her a package of letters from "way down South," a In the fall a bowl of partridge happy look came into her eyes, berries or a pot of woodsy, ever- which remained there for many a green ferns was given to each; and day, for she loved children, and in the early spring, a few lily had always wanted to be a teacher bulbs. herself.

Sometimes a typewritten pro- So little by little the good work gram of the next meeting was sent prospered. A spirit of friendliness out, with the request that the shut- and fellowship, such as had not been in pray earnestly for the leaders known before prevailed in the church and the success of the meeting. and society. And the originator of the Occasionally it was possible to plan felt that her 19n9 lonely days hold the missionary meeting at the of illness had not been in vain. home of the shut-in. EDITH SCAM MAN. lt was found that Grandma Blake and several others were fond THE HOME LEAGUE of knitting. Before long, stockings, sweaters, and mittens found their In one of the State Unions that way into the "box" for the mis- form the constituent parts of the sionary pastor on the western Congregational Woman's Home plains. Another knit reins for the Missionary Federation, a plan has been developed for reaching the shut-ins and keeping them in touch with the missionary interests of the church that may prove sug- gestive to other workers. A leaf- let prepared by the originator of

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this plan outlines its form and pur- making of articles for missionary barrels and boxes, or to share in pose as follows: the preparation of material for the "For many reasons, there IS a Societies' program meeting.

vast company of women who can- MIRIAM F. CHOATE, not attend. the program meetings, and so neglect or refuse to become Gel1erai Secretary, members of the local auxiliary. It Congregational Woman's is for the aged, the infirm, the in- valid, the professional woman, the Home Missionary FederaJion. business woman, the mother of lit- tle children, in fact, for all shut- A SHUT-IN TREASlTRER ins and shut-outs, that the Home League has come into existence. Is frail health a liability or an asset? Noone douhts which he ··The Home League is a depart· would choose. However, those of precarious health often live long ment of the regular auxiliary, and useful lives. One such I re- where the missionary interest is call was from young womanhood kept alive by means of literature confessedly frail, delicate as fine and calls. A member of the auxil- china. Everyone knew it, and iary should be chosen director of spared her, but she was not se1£- . the Home League. She should centered, and tried to keep as well have helpers who will each month as possible so as to be the least distribute the envelopes containing care to others. She early discov- the literature among the four or ered the limits of her strength and five members of their respective the regimen which best agreed with her. These once settled, her group.. life was lived with least mention "While each Home League is of herself, and with constant thought as to ways of most ef- free to use methods best adapted fectively helping others within the to its needs, it is suggested that limits of her strength. sc,me form of the Every Member Canvass be used for the invita- She became the manager of her tions, and that each envelope con- household of six or more.. Though tain but little literature, possibly unable to attend half the meetings three or four leaflets, a missionary she became treasurer of the mis- ionary society and for years was letter, paper or magazine and pic- corresponding secretary. tures. If all envelopes contain dif- ferent r('ading matter, they mily be So it has turned out that one circulated among the members. who was so frail that friends shook Occasionally a shut-in may enjoy their heads ominously has for forty preparing a missionary scrap-hook, years been rendering the service of or a box of missionary pictures il- wisdom, of accuracy and of a fa- lustrating some phase of the work. cile, friendly pen. All about us, These 'will also be helpful for cir- hearty men and women who could culiltion." have carried her in their arms, haye stepped a~ide or are the "late This plan, which is both simple lamented." Always prudent, she and practicill, admits of many va- continues prudent sti II. and having riations and adaptations. It pro- little strength has made it serve vid('s a regular and systematic way wonderfully, not in breadth, but in of reaching the shut-ins without length and thickness. leaving it to the chance impulse of kind hearted members of the so- WHAT THE "SHUT-INS" CAN DO ciety. Mite boxes could accom- pany the envelopes in which the FOR THE KINGDOM memhers of the League could place their gifts, and those who are Back of D. L. Moody and his able should be asked to aid in the wonderful work, which no mortal

can measure and which only an upon her bed through rnd-ny hours endless eternity can disclose, was a of the day and night and often in devoted "shut-in" who had been the middle of the night, during dark and silent watches, we were at the Throne of Grace pleading compelled to lift her into a chair for the messenger to be brought to where she might get relief from her beloved church. her bodily pain. The prayers that she offered during those days and The story is a familiar one. This years can never be counted, and Christian the shut-in had long been their influence can never be known cut off from activity in the church until the great books are opened. and had given herself over to inter- This work of intercession was not cession for the work which was so all she did. We used to bring to dear to her and to her Master. She her room members of the congrehad read in those quiet hours in her gation who were ·banded in society home of the Spirit's quickening that organizations, and there she would had been manifest in the church at talk and work among them. We Chicago, of Moody's wonderful would bring together the neighpower with men, and she began to bors in an evangelistic prayer servpray that Moody might be brought ice or cottage prayer meeting. from Chicago to London to speak There she would continue in her in the church that was so dear to way to advance the Kingdom of her heart. She kept on praying Christ. Missionaries home on furweek after week, month after lough, elders from the church sesmonth, and year after year. At sion, the pastor and all who came last one day when her sister re- testified that while they came to turned from the service she ques- bring cheer and gladness and good tioned her as usual about the serv- wishes they went away as under a ice, the text, what the pastor had benediction, because of her consaid, the people who had attended, tinual communion with the Masand what was the attitude of the ter. "She daily companied with people toward the message of the H 1· m." pastor. On this day the sister said, "Oh, the pastor did not preach to- It was while the Countess of day. Such a wonderful man spoke. Huntingdon lay upon a bed of pain The man was very plain, and sim- and weakness that the Spirit of ple in his talk, but it seemed as God spoke to her heart and though the Spirit was speaking." prompted her to call together the leaders and suggest to them the "What was his name?" said the organization of a society to send sister who had been praying for the Gospel to the South Sea Isjust that kind of a man to be landers whose condition had so brought to her church, "Moody," touched her heart. To such a Sowas the answer. ciety she pledged her influence and financial support. Soon the great "Moody! Moody from Chicago?" London Missionary Society was "Yes, Moody from Chicago." organized and it sent out the arti- Then the interceding "shut-in" san band to Tahiti, and later to different parts of the word a Mofknew that God had honored her fat, a Williams, a Morrison and a prayer and had brought that man Livingstone. with his power and his blessing to the church for which she had been It is said that during the late praying so long. war the whole of Great Britain was guarded from aeroplane in- When I think of the service of vasion by a cordon of watchers the "shut-in" I think of my own along the coast, who day and precious mother as she sat in her chair, unable to place her foot upon the floor for years before her death. She was also unable to lie

BEST METHODS

night remained at their stations Such a thing was far from my listening fnr the whirr and the thoughts at that time, but after noise of the aeroplanes in the dis- Edith had gone, her message resttance. A Zeppelin could be heard ed very heavily on my heart until many miles farther away by a finally it became very clear to me blind man than by one who had that there was a definite necessity all his faculties, and so these laid upon me to give my life to watchers along the coast were Christian service. It seemed such blind men whose sense of hearing a tragic thing that this gifted girl, was correspondingly acute. who had so joyfully consecrated her life, could not live to realize In this day when the future of her dream. Through her the call the Church and the missionary of God came to me very clearly. cause. seems to depend upon th-e I wrote her telling her that I would try to do double duty if, prayers of God's people, the army so long as God permitted her to of reserves is certainly in the stay, she would be the prayer homes of our people, "shut in" partner who would intercede confrom other activities. Perhaps the stantly for the work that we were victory, that must surely come, to do together. will be brought by these "shut-ins" of Christ's army who give them- Notwithstanding the verdict of selves to intercession. the physicians, for five years this sunny faced college girl has lived ANNA MILLIGAN. a life of power through inter- cessory prayer. At the foot of old MY PRAYER PARTNER Cheyenne Mountain, near Colorado Springs, she has wrought won- From a Field Secretary who is being drously, going before and followwonderfully used of God in enlisting ing after in prayer my schedule of many new workers and securing an en- field work. There have been spelarged support for the work, comes this cial seasons of prayer for those inspiring story of how two lives have most important days and for the been joined in the service. hard problems.

When I was in college I was In the front of my note book is always this poem, which she not interested In missions. The adapted: announcement of a missionary speaker in chapel services was a "Now send in my place, 0 Master, signal to me to make use of one of those ten precious chapel cuts per- Someone I dearly love mitted each girl for the semester. To the people who sit in darkness I t was not so with my chum, a sunny, consecrated Norwegian girl. With a message from above. She had one sister in Africa and another on the home mission field, I have learned my own unfitness and she hailed the advent of every missionary speaker at chapel with For the task I vainly sought. the genuine joy of sincere anticipation. During her freshman year But others are ready and willing at college she, too, volunteered to And the work will yet be wrought. give her life for definite Christian service. At Christmas time a very But since in the grand fulfilment, serious cold developed into tuberculosis. Consulting physicians I still wouJd have a share shook their heads and said that it Choose one in my pla-ce, 0 Master, was not possible for her to live longer than a few weeks. Before Whom on my heart I bear. she went to the train she took my hand very gently and said: "Helen, Her work and her aspirations I want you to do the work in m,y Her hopes my own shall be place."""'" And around by the way of Heaven I'll reach each W. W. G, When her hands are worn with l~bor, My "linees s'hall be :worn with' prayer

And to one who loves to listen, Once a week-prayer meeting I'll tell' Him every care. days-the mission study classes And when on fields she planted would meet in home units. As- She sees no quickening sign, signment questions and notes re- I'll enter into the closet garding the conduct of the study And plead for power divine. would be printed each, week in the And if we labor together, daily papers. – Says one of the chosen band Each family at the hour named We'll reap and rejoice together -prayer meeting hour-was asked Oh, the joy of that other land." to meet as a family unit to take up Her interests are world wide. In the study and discuss the quesweakness her prayers and her heart are strong. There on the tions. mountain with God she follows and shares in the field. Her phy- Being about the only thing that sician said last spring that he could not understand her wonderful had found a way out from being spirit and her intense interest in life. "She seems," said he, "to have tightly closed, the mission study something to live for and that keeps up her strength." "So it enterprise soon became town talk. is," said she, "and I am so glad and so thankful that I have a great There was a rush for books. The work to live for." assignment questions and discus- H:.;:r,:';:N CRISSMAN. sions were eagerly sought in the INFLUENZA, PROMOTER OF MIS. papers, and in that one church SION STUDY about two hundred "shut-ins" had It all depends on the role you assign to the epidemic. There are a mission study course that was few eyes sufficiently keen, however, to see the blessing through record breaking in both interest the disguise, and to proclaim the "flu" a promoter of mission study. and attendance.

The Pacific Coast is often in ad- CARRY ON vance of the East in missionary insight, also in foresight. From Miss i'This program is too good to Gertrude Schultz comes this story: stop here," said one president of a missionary society; and this is how A "Church School of Missions" she carried it on: was conducted during the influenza epidemic in California last year. She asked a girl who recited an Just after the School had been or- especially lovely poem if she would ganized the whole town was sud- make a call on a lonely woman denly closed by the health authori- who had been shut in for years, ties. The pastor was determined and who would be cheered by just that the mission study must go on. that message. The more he thought about it, the more he was convinced that the She arranged that. two women "fiu" might be made pro instead of who sang a duet should sing it anti mission study. Why should again at the Sunday afternoon not all the people who were shut service at a hospital. in have an exceptionally fine opportunity for a course of study at A dialogue that had been very home? Accordingly, he announced effective simply had to be repeated his plans through the daily papers: at the home of a former president who was intensely interest~d, but who was encased in plaster of paris, following a fall.

She organized a "Reading Club" not to read to itself but to others. Every girl who joins offers to read to some one as assignment is made by the Committee. A careful sur- vey of the community is made and a constantly up to date list kept. The pastor, doctors, nurses ane on the Consulting Committee.

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARM£R, Montclair, N. J.

TIlE EDITOR'S MESSAGE nearly all the physicians are her,.

THE rapid sale of our study. book, But hark! two bells are ringing- "A Crusade of Compassion," leads us to believe that there will a surgical call. A hurried operation be an encouraging increase in mis- to save a life! Yes, but the operasion study classes this winter and tion will not be performed, the life spring. There are many helps to will not be saved. That summons assist leaders. "How to Use," will came from Siam, and there is no for ten cents suggest several pro- medical missionary at hand. What grams for each chapter. The Oc- is the answer to the two bells? tober issue of the "MISSIONARY R£- "Enough to do at home." VIEW OF THE WORLD" is full of practical hints and information, in- Three bells-how they startle! A cluding the Hymn by Mrs. Copen- medical case. Yes, a child in conhaver. vulsions, but do not hurry. The sound of three bells comes from Here are two picturesque medical Africa. A witch doctor prescribes anecdotes to use in print or speech. for her, a red-hot probe is pressed through her head to let the demons The Ringing Bells out. Well, they are gone, but the soul went with them. The child is In some of our city hospitals a at least free from suffering. bell is rung each time that an ambulance case arrives. Listen! there But I hear three bells ringing in is a bell ringing at this moment. the home land. It is a child in One bell-an emergency case. But America that is ill-one of om own this bell has a distant sound-it is darlings. Soon the doctor comes. ringing in China. A man has fallen There is the quiet footfall of the from a tree. There he lies, mangled nurse, the shaded lamp, and all that and suffering. Why does not some skill can do to relieve the little sufone hear his groans? Where is the ferer. One hour passes, two-yes, needed help, the physician, the am- she will live! But this is Amerbulance? Ah! we are in China ica. Why this difference? Does now; there is no physician here. Many look at him and pass on, God love American children bestr leaving him to die. They do not But four bells are 'ringing nowknow what to do and they do not care. The knowledge and' the ringing in the home land. Quick, sympathy are in anothe:- land. doctor!

Clang! The bell rings once more, Hmry, nurse! Two lives depend but in our own city. Ten minutes upon your skill. It is a charity pass by; the man has been care- case, yet how careful the treatment fully carried into our city hospital. bestowed on mother and child! An anaesthetic is given, the X-ray is used, and the patient wakes to But listen! Four bells ringing out find a limb gone, but his life is loud and clear from the zenanas of saved and there is prospect of a India! 0, women doctors! Can speedy recovery. Why the differ- you not see the agony, the foul treatence in these two cases? The last ment, the needed help? But there bell rang in a Christian land, the is no one to help. The child lives, first in a foreign country, and but it is only a girl; the girl mother too, but only a life of misery, pain' and contempt is in store for her, with no one to comfort, and no on' to care.

963

o the ringing bells! It seems as if work, for she cringed and shrank behind the older woman whenever they will .madden the brain and we came near. An operation, much break the heart with· their unan- suffering and many weary days in swered appeals. "Lord of the har- bed. Never a smile, and only a vest, send forth laborers!" But how haunted look in those big, dark, vain our prayers unless with them liquid eyes. We tried everything, goes the answering cry, "Here am and at last a doll was suggested. I, Lord, send me." We picked out the very prettiest one that had been sent out in the Sew- Woman's Missionary Friend. ing Guild boxes and took it in to her. I wish everyone of you could have AMEENABEE seen the change in that face. It was all aglow with pleasure and ex- By Dr. Ida S. Scudder citement. She reached out those little arms and took the doll and Early one morning everyone was hugged it up to her cheek, and then busy in the hospital. The white- she looked up, and a sweet, gentle robed nurses with the touch of blue smile lit up her face-her first in their uniform were going hither smile, and we all felt so pTOud for and thither, silently and swiftly, as we had been working for that smile there was much to do. The dispen- for a long time. It was soon folsary hall was filling fast and all lowed by others and before long were eager to be treated. In the her face was always wreathed in outer waiting room stood a silent smiles. She went home to get strong man, a tall Mohammedan of about and was told to come back again fifty, with his gold and white turban in a month's time. The days slipped and long silk coat. On the Gosha by and one morning as I was on my veranda a middle-aged Mohamme- way to the hospital I heard a silvery dan clothed in dark purple stood laugh, and looking I saw the most awaiting her turn, and behind her, animated, excited purple and gold a tiny figure of a little girl bedecked saree, and I wondered who it could in a lovely purple saree all covered be. Then I heard a little voice with gold spots, a green jacket and saying, "Oh, there she comes, there yellow and ted skirt. Her face she comes!" and looking again I could not be seen for she kept cov- saw Ameenabee jumping up and ering it up, but now and again, down and clapping her little hands she would peep out and there was in the greatest glee. I hurried to the look of a frightened, hunted her and she cuddled down in my deer about her face. Ere long their arms in the sweetest, most satisfied turn came and when they entered way. The tears came as I held the consulting room the tall man that little figure and she could not was called in also. He wished to understand why there were tears, consult us about his wife, who, he but my heart was too full for exsaId, had not been well since the pression. What a change! What wee baby was born. I looked at the a contrast to the first day that I two women. Surely the older one saw Ameenabee! After her second was the wife, but no-we are mis- operation it was difficult· to get past taken. The little girl in purple and her room for one was sure to hear gold is the wife. Can it be pos- a little voice calling. She often had sible? She is almost a baby her- flowers to put in our hair or around self, but we are again assured that our necks, or an orange tucked unshe is the wife and mother. Such a frail, cringing child who shrank der her pillow which she would give from our very touch. She needed us and beg us to eat, and she alvery careful, tender treatment-that delicate child, and we were deter- ways wanted us to sit down just mined to do all we could to win her love and friendship, but it was hard

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

a minute when we went out to say leges are all under interdenominagood-night. She was a universal pet and it made us all sad to bid her tional support and control. Madras goodbye and it was hard for her to go. We hope to have her come holds an international relation as back and see us again some day, but she lives in a distant village. well. In this college twelve Boards The words of the Master often unite, six in Great Britain, one in come to my mind. "Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the Canada, and five in the United least of these my children, ye have done it unto Me," and we sent up a States. It is suitable then that these little prayer of thanksgiving that the Master had given us the privilege of women specialists of va'rying c,Omserving Him through one of these little ones. munions, invited because of their THE DEPUTATION rare ability and experience, should The Federation of Women's go out and bring back to us a Boards of Foreign Missions of North America has enlisted a re- report with recommendations. markable group of women who are going this fall to the Far East to President Thomas of Bryn Mawr, study certain institutions, types of is making a tour of Egypt and Inwork and problems in administra- dia, and has consented to serve on tion. A committee was appointed the Commission there and repoTt the in May by the Executive Committee Woman's College in Cairo and the of the Federation to secure the aid colleges for women. in Madras and of experts along various lines. The Lucknow. It is hoped that she. may results have been most gratifying. also find time to inspect the medi- In addition to several Board secre- cal schools in Vellore and Ludhiana taries and missionaries of experience as they are to be so largely dependselected by the Committee, Presi- ent Jor their students on graduates dent Pendleton of Wellesley Col- from our women's colleges. lege, Miss Conant, principal of Walnut Hill School, President Thomas Dr. D. J. Fleming, now in India, of Bryn Mawr, Dr. Gertrude A. Walker, Dr. Marion E. Manter, has been asked to serve on the Edu- Miss Ella F. Martien and Miss Ber- cational Commission, and Dr. tha Harlan, have consented to serve Walker and Dr. Manter will give and will sail early in November. special attention to the medical situa- When women of this type will take tion. leave of absence from very important duties here and go at their Two groups have already sailed,- own charges to study our Foreign Miss Mabel Howell, with Dr. Love, Missionary problems it emphasizes of the Methodist Episcopal Church, the growing sense of the dignity South, Mrs. Edgar Geil and Mrs. and importance of the Woman's William Schell, of the Presbyterian Foreign Missionary enterprise. The Board, sailed in the summer. Miss rapid development of higher educa- Helen Calder of the Woman's tion for Oriental women, indicated BoaTd of Missions, Congregational, by the opening of three women's Miss Nellie G. Prescott of the Womcolleges since 1914 in Madras, In- an's American Baptist Foreign dia, Nanking, China, and Tokyo, Mission Society, Miss Josephine Japan, marks an epoch. These col- Ramsay and Dr. Josephine Lawney sailed September 18th.

These groups will all spend some time in Japan and as many as pos- sible will return to Japan the last of January fOT a conference. Dr. Walker, Dr. Manter and Miss Cal- der will go on to India and Egypt. The Young Woman's Christian As- sociation will be represented by one of its national secretaries, Miss Henrietta Roeffofs. Robert Woods of South End House, Boston will

also serve on the Social Service head of department. Commission. Dr. Josephine Lawney, a graduate of The deputation is divided into Woman's Medical College, physician at groups which will take up the fol- Pittsburgh Tuberculosis Hospital. She lowing study: will remain in China.

Primary and Secondary Education for President Pendleton, of Wellesley Col- Girls: Miss Charlotte Conant-Chair- lege. man. iVIiss Charlotte Conant, Principal of Collegiate Education: President Pendle- Walnut Hill School for girls, Natick, ton-Chairman. Mass., and Trustee of Wellesley Col- lege. Religious Education and Evangelism: Miss Helen Calder-Chairman. Miss Ella F. Martien. Dean of Stet- son University, DeLand, Florida, will Social Service: Mis$ Henrietta Roel- study dormitory systems for girls and lofs-Chairman. will remain in the Philippines.

Christian Literature: Mrs. Edgar Geil Miss Mabel- Howell, secretary of -Chairman. Southern Methodist Board, Professor of Sociology for seven years in a Woman's Medical Work for Women in China College. and India: Dr. Gertrude Walker- Chairman. Miss Helen Calder, graduate of Mount Holyoke College, and secretary of the Problems in Administration: Miss Christian Association, secretary of Wo- Nellie G. Prescott-Chairman. man's Board of Missions, Congrega- tional. Miss Prescott, Miss Martien and Miss Nellie G. Prescott, graduate of Miss Ramsay will later visit the Wellesley College, head of Science De- Philippines in the interests of dor- partment, High School, Rochester, N. Y., mitory plans for girls. later secretary Woman's American Bap- tist Foreign Mission Society. The groups will meet in Shanghai immediately after Christmas and Mr. Robert A. Woods, head of South spend two weeks with a body of End House, Boston. missionaries selected on the field for their special fitness and experi- Miss Henrietta Roellofs, national secence. Some of the BoaTds which retary of the Young Women's Christian have not sent out members have as- Association, especially chosen for her exsigned certain well qualified women perience in lines of social service. on the field. Mrs_ Edgar Geil, graduate of Welles- As these groups of women go out ley College, member of Philadelphia as our representatives our hearts go Board of Presbyterian Church. with them. We are thrilled at the possibilities which are sure to de- Mrs. Wi'liam Schell, graduate of Smith velop through their first hand study College, member of the New York Board, and reports. Let us follow them Presbyterian. with our prafers. They are truly a commission of good-will to these Miss Be~tha Harlan, secretary of NorthotheT nations in this new day of field Girls' Conference. internationalism. Other deputations have gone, men and women who Miss Josephine Ramsay, graduate of have studied their denominational in- Smith College, secretary for Young Woterests, but this is the first of its men's Christian Association, will assist kind, an interdenominational group the Social Service group, and study pos- sibilities of community music. of women. May God speed them. The Toute will be from Pacific Who's Who In the Deputation ports to Yokohama, through Japan Dr. Gertrude A. Walker, a well-known specialist in diseases of the eye, a gradu- to Peking, Tsinanfu, Shantung, (if ate of Smith College, and the Woman's Medical College, chairman of the cam- conditions permit), to Hankow, paigns for the Woman's Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa. Kiaukiang, Nanking, Shanghai. A Dr. Marion E. Manter, a graduate of part of the group will return to Bates College and Woman's Medical College, resident at Bellevue Hospital, and Japan via the Philippines and the others will go on to India.

Please make this a prayer list, remembering the deputation as a group and individually, asking that no harm may befall them, that they may be blessed in their own spi·;its and that they be guided in all their deliberations and reports to the furtherance of the Kingdom of God.

FROM MANY

NORTH AMERICA Dr. Baylor rose to the occasion and offered the use of a hall, and thus Open Air Work Among the Jews the Russian Mission began. When the vacation period ended, the stu- THE Chicago Hebrew Mission in dents returned to Philadelphia, and its Open Air Campaign among other students went in turn, until a the Jewish people, has used a Gos- permanent work was established. pel auto this summer and the stu- From an attendance of about twen- dents of the Moody Bible Institute ty-five at the initial meeting, bhe held meetings in one of the three numbers have grown to 200 and large Jewish districts of Chicago more. There have been fourteen nearly every night, and often on confessions of faith and eight have Sunday afternoons. Between May been baptized. Five are studying 25th and October 1st, 138 meetings at the Philadelphia Institute and were held, and approximately 42,450 one is back in Russia proclaiming people were reached with the Gospel the Gospel in that dark land. messalle. The audiences averaged from 200 to 400, and on several oc- Giving to Missions at the Moody Church casions there were as many as 800 present. Large numbers of tracts AT the Fourth Annual Missionand Gospels were distributed, and ary Rally of the Moody Church personal conversations were held congregation, Chicago, five thousand with many Jews. people were present and the offering and pledges for world evangeliza- Many showed that they were anx- tion amounted to nearly forty-four ious to listen to the preaching of ~he thousand dollars. The Ushers' Band Gospel and good order was main- gave $7,500, the Young Business tained with the assistance of the po- Women's Class $6,000, the Christian lice. At times men made hostile Companionship Club of young peodemonstrations, but a Jewish wo- ple, $1,800, the Young Women's man said, "Do not be discouraged, Bible Class $1,450, the Moody even though yon have things thrown Church office force $1,300. The at you, for the people are thinking amount of gifts ranged from fifty seriously. Your preaching caused cents to $1,000, while several people me to become interested in Chris- threw their jewelry into the offering. tianity." One hundred and fifty young peo- Russian MIssion In Baltimore ple answered the call for volunteers to go as missionaries to the regions THE sliory of the Russian Mis- beyond. sion in Baltimore is an interesting one~ Just before Christmas, One Result or Rural Survey" 1917, three students of the Russian Bible Institute of Philadelphia ONE benefit of the international walked into the office of Dr. W. H. missionary surveys, now under Baylor, Superintendent of Baptist way at home and in foreign lands, Missions in BaltimOTe, and acquaint- is the discovery and publication of ed him with three striking facts: facts showing neglected areas and (1) there were 3,000 Russians liv- over-occupied fields. In eastern Ne.w ing in Baltimore; (2) there was no York State-not three hundred miles evangelical mission work among from the headquarters of Home them and (3) the three students Mission Boards–one region was were ready to spend their vacation discovered where there are nine in organizing mission work for them.

churches without a minister. These viated version of the Ten Commandchurches are Wesleyan, Baptist, two ments; introduces prayers for the Presbyterian, three Methodist and President, and for the army and two Disciples. Some of the build- navy, for social justice and "for ings are in good repair and others every man in his work." It also are dilapidated. Two maintain small recommends a prayer for the dead, Sunday-schools but most of the or- which the Church of England reganizations are practically dead. jected at the time of the Reforma- The valley eight miles long was once tion. It also makes provision for full of life, but is now dormant. faith healing. Most of the changes Strong drink has caused degenera- seem to be. a revival of usages contion. Few of the people knew what demned by the leaders of the Engwas meanli when asked as to their lish Reformation. denominational preference, and the children did not even know the The Religious Needs of the South Lord's Prayer or the Ten Commandments. Some of the parents had I T is estimated by Dr. J. W. Gilnever been married.. lan of the Southern Baptist Con- vention that there are thirteen mil- No Church for Twenty-two Years lion people in the southern states who are in need of the Gospel of I NDIAN CREEK, in' Jackson Christ. Many of these are dou1>t- county, Tennessee, is said to have less within reach of evangelical been without any regular religious churches, and others live in out of work for twenty-nwo years until one the way communities where there year ago when a Sabbath school are very limited opportunities for was organized by a Sunday-school inskuction,-religious or secular. missionary, S. A. D. Smith. Fol- Many of them are colored people lowing a week's series of meetings who profess a type of Christianity last September, there were twenty- that is only a step removed from four conversions and eighteen acces- paganism. Dr. Gillan reports sevsions to membership in the mission enty-four county seats that are withwhich is conducted as a branch of out any churches or meeting houses. the New Bethel Church. These county seats set the pace and the standard for other towns in the Christian and Missionary Alliance county, and here men gather for business, and for legal and political THE Christian and Missionary Ale reasons. There are also innumerable liance is at work in sixteen for- churches in the South that need strengthening. eign fields and is preaching the Gospel in twenty-two foreign languages. The Bible in the Far West During the first four years of the war it sent out eighty new mission- THE American .Bible Society rearies, added 214 new native workers ports that one of their colporand occupied 226 new stations and teurs at the age of fi fty-seven is still out staJtions. This agency is the only tramping the country with his supply evangelical mission in French Indo- of Bibles, reaching places which China, where there is a population most people would consider inaccesof 20,000,000 people. sible. His field is a section of the west which includes the Rocky Changes in Order and Worship Mountains and the Sierra Nevadas. Fearing neither man nor beast, he HE Commission on Revision of carries no weapon, but travels T the Protestant Episcopal Book of equipped with a quilt, a water bag Common Prayer has published a re- and a little food. His only companport which has been submitted to the ion is a Scotch collie. He and hi~ General Convention of the Episcopal Church. It suggests an abbre-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

dog bivouac under the stars or in the have proved themselves capable of. snows, share the same food and culture, while others show signs of drink or go hungry together- having once been much higher in civilization. They are not citizens: He has' crossed the Mojave Desert they are merely outlaws in the eyes on foot, 112 miles of sand and sun, of the government, which seems con-. and has sought out the lonely places tent to hold them in check if they from Kansas to the Pacific and from chance to appear within civilized Mexico to Canada, with the one ob- bounds. ject of distributing Bibles to those remote from civilization. The South American Missionary Society (Church of England), has Bible Society Record. tried all possible plans to reach these wild tribes, with appreciable suc- Virgin Islands Reveal Their Needs cess. The Paraguayan government has agreed to admit Christian In- THE War and its attendant prob- dians to full rights of citizenship. lems have turned attention from Laws have been passed relating to the Virgin Islands, or Danish vVest t!he drink traffic. The Argentine Indies, which t!he United States pur- and Bolivian governments are also, chased a few years ago. Recently, friendly to missionary work. some unsatisfactory conditions have come to light in this new territory. Religious DQgeneracy in Mexico Danish customs, Danish laws, I F the' papers of Mexico should Danish methods of judicial proced- publish a program of a Protes~ant ure, are still· in vogue in the islands. Church Convention somewhat along The natives own but three per cent the following line, it would be charof the land. The rest is owned by acteristic of the order of events at a Danes or by those to whom the Ger- great festival of the Virgin of Guadmans have llransferred title. An in- alupe, the Feast of the Conception, or come of $300 per year is required of any of the religious festivals of. in order to exercise the right of suf- Mexico. frag-e. Under this only 321 people in the islands can vote. "Morning Worship, Bible Study, Quiet Hour, Discussion on Sunday One great need is a law that will School Methods, Christian Endeavenable the.people to acquire land. or, Bible Work, Missions, and Evan-, The Americans, since their occupa- gelism. tion, have done considerable work along line's 6£ sanitlation. Appar- "There will also be Horse Races. ently there has been no improvement Cockfighting, Bullfighting, Balls, Rafas to education. The people are fles, Roulette, Monte Games, Latpleading to be Americanized. teries and Open Air Saloons.

LATIN AMERICA "Drunkards, gamblers, sharpers, women of bad life are welcome.• The Indians of. South AIner~a There will be special trains run- ning." WHILE the history of the North American Indian is generally The same customs prevail in Panaknown, and the Incas of Peru have ma and farther south. The local' attrac'1ed interest because of their priest often arranges for the bull unique civilization, very little is fights, cheap vaudeville and the gamknown about the aboriginal Indian bling resorts. population ·of South America. Thousands of them have never even seen Record of Christian Work. a white man, nor ever heard the name of God, and tJhe outside world Chile Distillers Favor Prohibition is to them a blank. As nearly as it is possible to, number them, they I F the sentiment which now seems probably exceed three million. Many under way in Chile continues to grow, the United States may not be

1IJe only "dry" nation on the west- French ~on in London ern hemisphere. THE Mission to French-speaking The Chilean Government recently people in London has just com.- enacted laws restricting the making pleted its fifty-eighth year. All the and sale of liquor, and this has agencies of the Mission show enbrought the question of total prohi- couraging results. Two hundred bition strongly to the frOlit. Chilean children, representing eight different distilleries represent a capital of nationalities, have been under tuisome 12,000,000 pesos, and many of tion and nearly ten thousand govthem have accessory industries en- ernesses-French, Swiss, Italians, gaged in the manufacture of food. and Swedes-have at various times Some Chilean leaders are advocating made use of the Bienvenue Home, that the importation of liquors be obtaining situations in Protestant prohibited entirely. families. Many French-speaking Belgian refugees in London entered Even some of the distillery own- heartily into the Mission's activities ers are reported to favor a "dry" and have now re~umed to their own nation. These say they would pre- country with a deeper understandfer to transform their plants into ing of Christianity. some utilitarian industry, such as the production of liquid fuel or ether. The Christian.

American Methods" In Uruguay ChrIstian Federation of French Students CHILD welfare work has made THE French Students' Christian little progress in Uruguay as Federation suffered severely yet, but Dr. Alice Armand Ugon through the War. Of the seven of Montevideo, an expert in chil- hundred members in 1914, 143 have dren's diseases and head of the fallen in battle. But the present children's clinic at the University forces have now increased more than of Montevideo, attended the inter- one hundred per cent, and the Movenational Conference of Women Phy- mf'nt gives promise of being an imsicians held in New York September portant factor in the evangelization IS to October 30. While in New of France. York Dr. Ugon made a special study of the Children's Bureau, and at the There is an extension of the work request of her g-overmilent will or- among women students and school ganize a Child Welfare Bureau for girls, which has grown to include Uruguay upon her return. twenty-six Associations and 480 members. New activities· are con- EUROPE stantly being opened up, in the realm of social service, vacation camps, Methodist Union In England and other avenues through which the Spirit of Christ is brought into PRELIMINARY agreement on common relationships. In Algeria, Methodist union in England is a member of the Federation whose practically complete, and although military duties have called him there, it m~ y be three years before the has organized a group of Arabs and legal tletails are arranged. the out- Kabyles, and is teachin;::- them to come seems assured. There are know Christianity. three denominations to be combined in this merl!er-the Wesleyan Meth- French Protestants as Le.,dt>rs odist, the Primitive Methodist and the United Methodist Churches. A "SALT of France" is the sobriaerious obstacle to a united Method- quet used to describe French ism in America is the attitude of the Methodist Church, South, which de- Protestantism by the late Emile dines to participate in any union in- Faguet, though not a Protestant himdudiu& Negroes. self. A recent publication, "Hand- book of French Protestantism," ,…

NEWS FROM MANY

veals how these people have stood at them live in Transylvania, which the head o·f the achievements in art, borders on Roumania, and is claimed science. education and reform,' and by that nation on the ground of as evidence cites such names as Cu- racial affinity. Roumania is over- rie, the physicist; Bartholdi, who de- whelmingly Greek Orthodox in re- signed our Statue of Liberty; Baron ligion, and does not enjoy a reputa- de Stael, who first protested against tlion for tolerance toward other be- the slave trade; Jules Siegfried, who liefs. It follows that the Transyl- led in factory legislation and many vania Protestants fear with some others equally well known. Tl'aSOn that they may be severer'

In spite of their diminutive num- from their Hungarian brethren, and bers (about 800,000 out of 40,000,- be deprived of religious freedom.

000), French Protestants today sup- port over fifty orphanages and as Lost Children of the Urals A many homes for the aged. In Paris LITTLE colony at Lake Tur- goyak in western Siberia is fairly alone, where they are but one in twenty-five of the population, they swarming with the twelve hundred maintain not less than sixty benevo- children who have been rescued from lent institutions besides their purely the Ural Mountains, where they had religious ones. run wild since being deserted by their A Christian Leader in Spain teachers and guardians in the tur- moil of escaping from the threatened REV. CIPRIANO TORNOS, who sweep of Bolshevism. Throughout died recently in his 86th year, the countryside, these little wander- was at one time a court preacher in ers had been starving until picked up Spain. He' threw all his energy into by the American Red Cross and the fight against religious freedom placed in the care of its six workers in that country and especially against at the colony. This colony is sit- Protestant teaching. But one day a uated seven miles from a railroad devoted Catholic brought a few Prot- and is bordered by a number of estant trac~s to Father Tomos in the houses whose owners have fled.

confessional. These were promptly Through the cooperation of the Rus- confiscated by the priest, but upon sian authorities, the site and the reading them he was so much im- houses have been secured for the use pressed that he sought for more, of the children. They will be fed, and throu~h these traots he was clothed and educated.

turned from Catholicism to evangelical Christianity. As might be MOSLEM LANDS supposed, his conversion aroused bit- Armenia's Last CaD H ter denunciation and his chapel was ON. James W. Gerard, chair- man of the American Commitdynamited by fanatics. However. he continued to publish and distribute tee for the independence of Ar- Christian literature throughout Spain menia, has issued the following ap- and for more than forty years was peal to Christian America to save an ardent member of the Evangel- Christian Armenia: ical Church in Spain. "Two hundred thousand Armen- ians fou!!ht in the ranks of the Protestantism Threatened In Transyl- allipd and associated armies. One vania million Armenian men, women and HUNGARY, although ranked as children have been slaue-htered by a Rnm;m Cathnlic country. has . the Turks because of their fidelity two anrl a half million memhl'rs of to the faith and cause of America.

the Hl1nn-arian Rpformed Church. And now at this, the most critical the second hr~est Presbyterian body junc!Ure of her history, Christian- in the world. Large numbers of .Armenia makes a supreme call to

Christian America. If we permit potency of his Oriental learning and the Armenian people to be extermi- civilization. He realizes that tIo esnated, the Christian Church will cape stagnation he must possess be dishonored forever. An Armen- Western learning. ian State in Asia Minor is bound to be a decisive factor in the task (3) Egypt has become a British of civilizing the peoples of Near and Protectorate instead of merely oc- Middle Asia, and it is also the best cupied territory. Great Britain will guarantee against the dangers of now be able to plan for the uplift Pan-Islamism and Pan-Turanianism. of the people by methods that are Christian Armenia will be a watch- more progressive and modern.

dog of Christian civilization in the Ground for the University has East. We must save her. been purchased in Cairo, plans have been drawn for the buildings, a cur- American University at Cah'o riculum has been outlined and a fac- CAIRO, t?e intellectual center of ulty secured. Dr. Robert S. Mc- Islam, IS a City of 750,000 in- Clenahan, for nine years Presiden~ habitants and the capital of a country of 12,000,000 people. It is more of Assiut College, Egypt, is to be progressive than any other O~iental the head of the collegiate departcity; papers are published there that ment. The immediate need is for are more influential in the Near funds to begin the work. This can East than are London papers in be secured only as men and women England and Paris papers in France. who are God's stewards shall feel In Cairo is the great Azhar Uni- the call to supply ~he means for versity for Moslems. with its ten equipment, endowment and for run- ning expenses.

thousand studen~s from every part INDIA of the Mohammedan world. FreOOom of Worship Und..r British Protestant Christians have long Rule A maintained lower grade schools in MONG the witnesses before the British Committee on the India Cairo; and Greeks, Catholics. Jews, Copts and Armenians have all con- Reform Bill was Mr. A. H. Chowr- ducted schools; but tihe great need ryappa, representing the Indian for this Moslem stron/rhold is a Christian Associatfion of Macllras. modern Christian University to train He said that of all the innumerable Egyptian young men in Christian blessings of British rule in India, ideals. Such a University is the none had been more prized than one planned by Dr. Charles R. Wat- freedom of worship. If the protect- son, who was born in Egypt and ing hand of British rule were to be whose fa~her was a pioneer mission- gradually withdrawn, it would mean ary in that field. While the War the handing over of power tJo a temporarily halted the plans of priestly caste, who for long ages Oairo University, things of incal- had subjected the people to the most culable value were accomplished by shameful indignities. It was un- the four years and a half of world true to say that the caste system conflict. was breaking down in India. The (1) The political power of the Christians were not allowed to stand Turk was destroyed, and therefore erect before a Brahman; they were the temporal power of Mohamme- 'not allowed to live within the vil- danism. This ushered a new spirit lages; they were not allowed into into the Moslem world. many public schools; and they were (2) A new value has been set not allowed to draw water from the upon Western learning. The Arab village well.

has become conscious of the im- The Christian.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Training Christians in Hyderabad Two years ago that missionary would have suffered violence, but HYDERABAD District has two in this case several admitted the coeducational schools, a High force of the analogy, while others School, where the boys take care merely laughed and said nothing. of the garden and the girls cook vhe food, wash and mend the clothes; Christian Advocate. also a primary school of nearly a hundred boys and girls. This dis- ASalaries of Indian Workers trict has also three training schools N Indian Christian catechist thus for Christian village workers. describes the way the war af- fected his living conditions: "My The Hyderabad Bible Institute is salary is eleven rupees a month, tJhe higher grade and is at present but after paying all my dues to the full to overflowing of men and mission I have only seven rupees women who have been out on trial, and a few annas left. I get about have made good and are returning one and a half rupees a month from for further education and training. school fees. I have about a quar- The two other schools are at YeI- ter share in an acre of 'rice land, landu and at Narsingpet, and are from which we get less than' two steadily hewing diamonds III the months' supply of rice in a year. rough. I have a wife and five children. Cloth is two or three times ·what it How Much Is in a Name was in price; rice is only two and a half measures for a rupee, and THE American Board Mission at my entire salary is about nine ru- Madura can furnish concrete pees for a month." illustrations of the transformation wrought by the Gospel. With ob- The Missionary Herald. vious propriety, ~he spiritual change which the outcastes experience is Christian Poetry in India proclaimed by a significant change of name, as for example: THE PANJABI village Christians sing the metrical Psalms on their Mrs. She-Devil becomes Mrs. Happiness; Mrs. Whitewoman, Mrs. way to weddings and funerals, and at Jewel-of-Religion. Mr. Nosepricked all other occasions that have to do is transformed into Mr. Servant-of with family life. The life of Christ Jesus; Mr.Worm becomes Mr. Ful- from St. Luke's Gospel has been put ness (suggestive of Christian ex- into Panjabi verse, and is sung with perience): Mr. Beqgar becomes Mr. eager fervency. From one of the Child-of-the-Church; and Mr. Black- villages a singing party, full of evanman, Mr. Eye-of-Wisdom. gelistic enthusiasm, went out to the nearby non-Christian communities Idol Worship Falling into Disrepnte and sang the story of Christ's life. Constant repetition is a feature of MANY people in the centTal their music, a wise arrangement in provinces are abandoning their view of the great majority of vil- lagers who are unable to read. faith in heathen gods because of suffering in sickness and famine. Bibles in Burma A Methodist missionary of Basim, touring through some of the vil- BURMA, although it has only lages, .said to the people: "You about 12,000,000 inhabitants, have seen litule children making- men has so many different ~ribes that a of mud, and pretending to feed them hundred different languages, to say and give them flowers, etc., and nothing of dialects, are spoken withthen, when dinner time comes they in its boundaries. In fifty-one of wipe it all out and go home. That these languages the Gospel is being is just the way you are in your idol worship."

supplied by colport.eurs of. the Brit- passed on. In place of ancestral tab- ish and Foreign BIble SocIety. lets many Christians are carefully As a rule the Burmese colporteur preserving and placing in prominent is not a very well ~ducated man; places in their homes pictures of yet his replies to inquirers and ob- those who have died. All these and other adaptations to Chinese condijectors are often very much to the tions are indications of promising virility and power of adaptation in point. . the Christian Church.

"Dogs' books," said a scornful young Burman, wearing English boots and carrying an English walk- ing-stick, as he p~sse~ a small crowd By-Product of the Plague of village folk hsten,mg to t~e col- DURING the plague preve,:tion porteur. "Yes, do'gs books, If you work in some of the provinces of China, the fact was brought home call them so," said Colporteur Mg. to the authorities tihat in many in- stances the proclamations they had Thwai "but even dogs have sense posted in infected districts were to kn'ow where food is buried." pveaolupelleess~erbeecuaunsaeblelartgoe :neu:;tmd.bersTh~osf hTehenl~okweidth a twinkle in his eye as outstanding proof that Ilhteracy IS down at his own home- an obstacle to safety and progress so forcibly impressed the governor made wooden slippers, "and young of Shansi that he has applied him- self to a soluti.on of the problem. men who adopt English costume He proposes to make attendance at school compulsory, and all the temshould not jeer at English bo~ks." ple property in the city of Sinc~ow is to be sold ,and the money reahzed Curious reasons are sometimes will be devoted to the building and maintenance of schools. The siggiven for refusing to purchase the nificance of this from a religious standpoint is apparent: Every Chi- Scriptures. "Don't buy those books," nese city of any importance has a temple devoted to the worship of the exclaimed a looker-on. "All who read those books become Christians, and all Christians have to go to the great war." O~hers are more bla- tantly superstitious. "If you so much as touch the books," said an Araka- nese woman, "our god will send sickness t:o the family. If you read them he will send an earthquake."

, The Bible in the World.

CHINA deity supposed to be the protector of that particular city. The patron Nationalizing the Chinese Church deity of Sinchow, together with otber less important gods, was locked A TENDENCY seems to be grow- up in one room in the temple, the ing among the Chinese to drop rest of the building being convertef formal connection with missions and into class-rooms for the school. No found independent Chinese churches, public outcry resulted, nor has any such as the one in Tient-sin. One disaster occurred. If the crops are of the problems connected with it large, and all goes well, tbe case, centers about the attitude of Chris- against idol worship will be won. tianity toward ancestor worship, and al that practice involves. Chinl"se, leaders feel that whatever is good A SingIng Colporteur in this custom should be preserved, and that for whatever seems incon- COLPORTEUR La Lau, i"n the sistent with Christianity some sub- Chinese province of Kwangstitute should be supplied. In many tung, has sold over 16,000 Scripplaces Ea!>tt'r Day is now set apart tures in twelve months. He is fond to a memorial service to the dead. of sinl<in2", and uses this as a means In some churches tahlets are erected of advertisement. As soon as he to members of the church who have comes into a street, he begins to sing

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

some Gospel song, and soon a crowd carry with it practical sympathy and of people gathers about him. When help if it wishes to develop the power the song is finished, he begins to of appreciation of its higher truth.

preach, telling his audience enough of the Gospel story to arouse their JAPAN-CHOSEN interest, and then he starts selling Gospels in print. His spiritual zeal Light That Cannot Be Hid is blended with business shrewdness, and he wins people wherever he THE Christian village of Chausugoes. bara in Hyuga stands out as a shining example of what Jesus of Bible Society Gleanings. Nazareth taught and lived. The Okayama Orphan Asylum is located there and its 270 cho of land is di- Chinese Concordance vided into nine plots each with a cottage, house-mother and family of DR. FENN'S Chinese Concord- twelve or thirteen children. There ance of the entire Bible is al- is primary school on week days and most completed, and it is hoped that Sunday-school on Sundays. There the brook will be issued by the end are the homes of those connected of 1970. The new Concordance will with the work-the teachers and have the following advantages: it is others in charge of the institution; based on the latest revised Manda- and in addition to tJhese are thirty rin version, is all in one volume, homes of the Asylum graduates, in and is not so exhaustive as to prove most cases both the young father imprac',kal for the average searcher and mother having been trained in of Scriptures. The book has been the Orphan Asylum. They earned much delayed on account of the ad- their little piece of land and were ditional work necessitated by the helped to build their home, adding recent re-revision of the New Testa- to land and buildings as time went ment. on. The police stationed in this vil- The Tibetan Borderland lage found theirs a superfluous job and were transferred elsewhere. The REV. ROBERT FITCH, secretary vilJage is known for miles around for of the Hangchow Union Com- its high ideals.

mittee, who has lately arrived from Japan Evangelist. China, presents a lantern lecture entitled "To the Tibetan Border- Christian School'S Wide Influence land." Mr. Fitch says: GOLDEN GATE SCHOOL AT "In the Tibetan borderland there is Nagoya, Japan, radiates wholean unparalleled opportunity for mis- some influence in more than one sionary work. One should begin direction. Mr. Ichimura, the princiwith the families of the local chief- pal, has been in practical charge of tains who control each a score or the School for five years, and puts more of walled towns, some of them into effect many valuable ideas. almost inaccessible on high mountain For example, the large and centrally peaks. By studying their needs, help- ing them in their agriculture, dairy located schoo! chapel was not being cul~ure and mining-, together with used enough to satisfy Mr. Ichimura, Riving them the Gospel, one would so that some years ago he began have almost an unlimited opportun- gathering subscriptions to support ity for influence for p'ooo. The a popular lecture 'course in the bl1iJrlmere preaching of the Gospel with- in~. As the speakers are usually out the riving of practical help Christians, they often get in a rlnj;- would he like presenting to them a inl; Christian message to back up disemhodied spirit. The spiritual is and base their moral propositions.

fundamental, but Christianity must Another measure, introduced by

the principal, was a limited form of in 1915 reveals some interesting side student government. A leading news- lights on the subjects which are repaper of Nagoya published a series ceiving the attention of Japanese of editorials contrasting the fine free readers. For example, books on atmosphere of the school "which de- industry head the list, with 6,697 velops the pupils naturally and volumes; policics comes next with brings out the best that is in them" 6,132 titles, while books on religion with the management in government number 2,895. Japan evidently beschools "which turn out, not men, gins to realize her need of religion, but manikins." if an advance over the number the previous year can be taken as sig- Christian Observer. nificant. Educational subjects reach 2,696 and general literature, 2,210– Oita Newspaper Evangelism much of the lattJer being of a de- basing nature. REV. ALBERTUS PIETERS, of Oita, during the past seven years Christian Literature Songht in Korea has developed newspaper evangelistic work in Japan, which has branched ALL KINDS of devotional, bioout in a variety of forms, and has graphical and theological books, been the means of extending a commentaries, books on Sundayknowledge of Christianity in the out school organization, and magazines of the way places of Japan. On the are in demand at present in Korea. eve of his departure for America on In the hope of supplying this demand, furlough, Dr. Pieters sends some in- more than thirty small Christian book teresting facts about this work. stores have been opened in various parts of the country, entirely aside There are now more than three from the regular mission book rooms. hundred members enrolled in the Loan Library Association. The col- Another comparatively recent deporteur of the Association has not velopment has been the launching of been idle, and has sold an average of two Christian magazines, The Theothree hundred books and tracts logical Review. a quarterly, and The monthly. The attendance 31t weekly Bible Magazine, bi-monthly.. meetings where weekly printed sermons are used, in the absence of any Exodus of Koreans Into Manchuria preacher, is now regularly over sixty every Sunday, and sometimes rises to DURING these days of trial in seventy or eighty. In one of the Chosen, many Koreans are miplaces where this is done there are grating into Manchuria. Three hunnow thirteen candidates for bap- dred thousand of them have settled tism. The amount taken in for in North Kando and some 200,000 books sold during the first six in West Kando (Manchuria). Rev. months of 1919 was larger than for W. 'T. Cook, a Presbyterian missionall of last year. This does not mean ary in Mukden, reports that there is financial gain, but is very significant an unusual opportunity of Christianas proof of a widening constituency izing that land through these Koand increasing evangelistic influence. reans, most of whom are Christians. The American Presbyterians (U. S. On account of great advance in the A.) and the .Scotch Presbyterians have a joint work in Hinking-, the cost of prinlting and advertising, the strategical center of the ';Vest Kanda newspaper work has been temporari- field, and there are there 40,000 ly suspended, but all other forms of Christians and 40 self-supporting staextension work have beeen actively tions. At Yongjung, the central carried on. station of North Kando field. there is an encouraging- work of Canadian What Japan Reads Presbyterians. The climate is ex- A SCRUTINY of the lish of 24,- 448 books published in Japan

1919J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tremely cold in winter and the immi- the equipment of native doctors for grants have suffered greatly from cold all Africa. and hunger. Over 75,000 Koreans have crossed the Yalu river into The Zulu is keen for medical Manchuria during the past year. training, and is capable of receiving There has been a great scourge of it. The young men' and women who influenza among them and the work have entered European or American of the missionaries has been impeded universi~ies have shown that in abilin many ways, but the outlook is ity they are little, if any, inferior bright if the church at home will to white students. The school prorise to the opportunity. posed must be small enough at first to allow for individual attlention to AFRICA each student, and must comprise at A Century of Christian Work In Sierra least five years of intensive study.

Leone Topoke TrIbe and Christianity I T is an "eye opener" to the average AMONG the villages in the Congo tourist to Sierra Leone-too apt region keenly alert totihe Gosto judge a place by the types around pel are those of the Topoke tribe, the harbor-to find a cathedral near an independent people along the the wharf, whqse clergy possess the south bank of the Congo river. The degree of either M. A. or B. A. Fur- Christian agencies most effectively thermore, an excellent university employed among them are the daily stands just outside the town, and a school and evangelistic services. At large number of African students present, sixteen Topoke villag-es are avail themselves of its privileges. under the care of native Christian Christian work has been going on workers, while a few other groups in Sierra Leone for more than a have erected school buildings and century, beginning with 1816. Uni- are expectantly awaiting the arrival versity degrees have been conferred of teachers. One of the Gospels and upon successJul students of Durham several hymns have been translated University for tlhe past forty years. into their own tongue.

The Christian. A cheering feature of this enter- prise is the friendly rivalry in the French Mission in Africa Transferred matter of regular contributions for the support of' teachers and evan- THE Methodist Episcopal Board gelists. of Foreij!"n Missions is to have control of a French Evangelical Mis- Andrew Murray Memorial sion in North Africa, accepting a suggestion to this effect by the THE missionary occupation of French colonial government. 200,000 square miles of terri- tory in Portuguese West Africa is Supplanting the Witch Doctor being maDped outl as a memorial to the late Dr. Andrew Murray. The DR. James B. McCord of Durban, proposed field extends westward South Africa, is planning, upon from the Zambezi to the Atlantic his reflurn to Natal. to open a medi- Ocean for a distance of 600 miles. cal school for Zulu young- men, so It is under Portuguese rule, and th.at they may g-o out among- their comprises the largest unevangelized own people and set them free from area south of the equator. It is imtheir age long bondage to the witch possible to make an accurate estidoctor. The Zulus excel other Af- mate of the pOPulation–probably rican tlribes in intellect and initia- between two and three million. tive, and Dr. McCord believes that this beginning will in time result in The plan provides for seven or eight principal centers at a distance

of 100 miles Of' more apart, each cen- Secretary of the Interior and Mr.

ter to have a staff of six to eight Jorge Bocobo, Dean of the Law workers whose chief duty, after School of the University of the learning the language, will be to Philippines, spoke with the same train native workers. _The laying appreciation of Protestant Missions out and equipping of each station and the work of Bible distribution.

will involve an expenditure of $4,000, with further sums for sta- France and the New Hebrides tions with medical or industrial THE following letter has come to workers_ The total amount needed Rev. Frank Paton, a son of John for equipping, sending out and the G. Paton. The writer was a painted, first year's maintenance of forty naked cannibal twenty-three years workers will be at least $125,000. ago, and as destitute of education as ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC of clothing. The letter voices a pro- Japan and Vatican Discuss 3lissions test against the turning over of the New Hebrides Islands to France.

JAPAN has administered the Caro- "I, lavis, desire to write this letter line, Marshall and Marianne is- to you, Frank Pa:on. I have heard lands of the Pacific since capturing again that France wishes to take them from Germany early in the Tanna, but I do not desire France on war. Captain Sato Yamamoto, Jap- Tanna. Formerly this land of Tan- anese naval attache in Rome, has na was dark with all sorts of evil now taken up negotiations with the ways but the Lord Jesus sent you to Vatican in regard to German Catho- Ta~~a with the help of the Holy lic missions on those islands. It Spmt to rescue me and Lomai and was reported that the Pope favored the whole people of Tanna. God an international corps of mission- has called away Lomai but I desire aries to supplant the German work- to say to you that if France comes ers. to Tanna she will destroy the work of Jesus on Tanna. For this reason The Bible in the Philippines I do not desire France on Tanna.

AT a recent luncheon :-,i~'en in This is my word and the word of all New York by the American Bi- the chief men of Tanna which I am saying to you, Frank Paton. ble Society to the Philippine Mission to the United States, the Secretary "Finished is my word to you. of the Society, Dr. Wm. I. Haven, Farewell. The Lord Jesus keep you called attention to the fact that dur- in your work." ing the American occupation of the The Presbyterian· Witness.

Philippines for the past twenty years the Bible had been translated into Missionary Association in HawaH eleven languages and dialects of the THE descendants of the early mis- archipelal!o and that two and a half sionaries to the Hawaiian Islands million Bibles, or portions, had been have formed themselves into an as- sociation which now includes nearly distributed.

Mr. Manuel Quezon, President' of 1,000 members. Most of these men the Philippine Senate and Chairman and women are interested in the of the visiting Mission, spoke with missionary work begun years ago enthusiasm of the results of Prot- by their ancestors, and aid the pres- estant Mission work among the Fili- e!1t day workers in every way pos- pinos; and assured the representa- SIble. Rev. Henry P_ Judd, one of tives of American Christianity that, the field secretaries of the Hawaiian a fter complete independence. every. Evang-elistic Association, which is effort would be made to assist the responsible for scores of churches various missions. Mr. Rafael Palma, and Sunday-schools in the islands, is

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

a descenda.nt of one of these pioneer foreign methods of cultivation of missionaries. The Continent. the soil. Too much food and too little work bring deplorable results.

Third, The white men's diseases Missionary Prospects in Java and epidemics that sweep off the NEARLY every native of Java, people by hundreds. if asked what his religion is, To counteract these conditions, the natives must have technical, phywould reply without hesitation that sical and moral education. Marriage laws should be observed by both nahe was an "Orang Islam," but in tives and foreigners. Both native point of fact the religion of most and Christian laws are now violated Javanese is a heterogeneous mixtu,e by the system of recruiting labor for .of Buddhist and Hindu rites, with the plantations. Boys and girls edua thin veneer of Mohammedanism. The average native is quite ignorant cated in mission schools come under evil influences on the plantations .of Mohammedan faith-he does not wi~h disastrous results. eat pig's flesh, and there the matter -ends. His religion is more of a The natives should be brought social and political factor in his life, more under Christian supervision, which possibly explains his bitter an- not only for intellectual and spirit- tagonism to Christianity. The Dutch ual instruction, but for training in missionaries have solved this prob- practical industries and for employlem by setting up separate Christian ment under wholesome conditions. villages for their converts, as soon Technical schools for industrial as the.·e are enough to form a nu- training would be a great help to both men and women in enablin~ deus. them to become self-supp-orting. An- All the Java missions under the other great need is for Christian planters, traders and builders who jurisdiction of the Established Prot- would endeavor to surround their estant Church of the Netherlands- employees with good influences and Indies include 25.000 Christians. In opport'Unities. addition, the Methodist Episcopal Church of America has been at work· The joint French and British Con- in Java for fifteen years, the Salva- vention for the New Hebrides is tion Army for twenty-five years, the very unsatisfactory and all who are British and Foreign Bible Society has work on a large scale, and there interested in the welfare of the naare other British and American mis- tives hope for some better form of sions. Java has a popUlation of Government. 33,500,000 natives, and only a be- gin~ing has been made in evangeli- zatton. GENERAL NEWS Deatll.~ in the New Hebrides The Palestine Bureau.at Work T A HE rapid destruction of the peo- CENTRAL Palestine Bureau of ple in islands like the New Heb- the Zionist Organization has ..ides is due chiefly to three causes: been established, and will decide under what industrial, administrative First, foreign clothes to which the native is not accustomed. When and other conditions the forthcom- ·wet, he does not change and so ing large scale colonization of Pales- tine shall take place. It will also catches cold and contracts consump- serve as central agency for the regution. He also has no facilities for lation and organization of Jewish imwashing clothes properly and the) migration into Palestine.

become filthy. Very little clothing The whole Zionist organization is needed. Second, .The lessened! necessity has been recast and transferred to for work due to the introduction of London since the close of the w,ar,

and has been divided into five ad- banks made famous by the ICansas ministrative offices: Political and boy who supported "mother's tenth Jewish Rights in the Diaspora, Gen- leper" by raising a pig and selling it eral Organization, Finance, Educa- for a sum sufficient to care for a tion, and Palestine. J.eper for a year. The teacher knew The Palestine office will deal with the Sunday-school had many' causes the problem of colonization in all to be presented but she knew also that its bearings. Its work consists at the Lord Jesus always found a place present in preparatory labors and in His full life for the lepers, so she measures which will pave the way told the story of the Kansas boy and for drawing up a complete program his pig and put the little bank down of colonization in Palestine. This on the table for special gifts. They office will undertake at once a sys- began to come in every week. Then tematic survey of agricultural Pal- some one wanted to take the pig estine to determine which areas should home for a week. On the next Sun- be put under cultivation and in what day he came back well fed. The manner. This is but a small part money was taken out and the pig'

of the varied work planned for the spent the next week in another home.

present year to prepare Palestine In a short time $25.00 had been for the new nation waiting eagerly given, and an interest in the lepers of the world had been begun in ~any to return to its old home. homes that had never given a The Sunday Scho~l Times.

The World FrIendship Alliance thought to the subject before. Such a bank with the story in a leaflet, AN American branch of The may be secured on application to Mr. World Alliance for International W. M, Danner, 156 Fifth Ave., New Friendship through the Churches York City, was organized last May with Dr.

William Pierson Merrill as president OBITUARY NO'l'ES and Dr. Henry A .. Atkinson as gen- Isaac Pierson of China eral secretary. The offices of the REV. ISAAC PIERSON; fot organization are at 70 Fifth Avenue, N ew York. The American Alliance – twenty years a missionary ill the is a part of a world-wide movement. American Board in Yu-cho and,P;J.(}~ The International Committee of the ting-fu, China, died at Berkeley~' Alliance met recently in Holland at The Hague. Cal., July 16. Mr. Pierson wa'sdis-'

The purpose of this organization triet secretary for New Engla'nd df is to foster just and friendly relations among the nations by means the American Tract Society .£tom 1904 until November, 1918,Wlien he resigned because of ill health.'

of conferences and an educational A. B. Simpson of New York propaganda through the Christian churches, schools, the press, and THE honored founder and Presi~ proper legislation. The , American dent of the Christian and Mis- Alliance will cooperate closely with sionary Alliance died at Nyack, the Federal Council of Churches, N. Y., October 29th, aged seventythe Interchurch World Movement four years. Dr. Simpson was born and other interdenominational or- and educated in Canada, came to. ganizations in the U~ited States. New York in 1881, and in 1887 founded the Christian Alliance which Cleanse the Lepers came to include the International During this year there will come Missionary Alliance. This organiza- ~any opportunities to think of the tion has sent out hund:-eds of foreign lepers and work for them. missionaries who are working in One woman took into her Sunday- many lands. A Missionary Training school class one of the little pig Institute is maintained at Nyack.

Spread of Christianity in the Mod- Christianizing of the world accord-

em Wodd. By Prof. Edward C. ing to that Gospel we must some- Moore. 8vo. 352 pp. $2.00 net. times think, in the center of Chris- The University of Chicago Press. tendom or in the days of the Great 1919. War, that we have hardly done more than to make a beginning." As Professor of Theology and Christian Morals at Harvard, and God's Responsibility for the War.. By President of the American Board Edward S. Drown, D. D. S6 pp. of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- $.60, cloth. The Macmillan Com- .sions, Professor Moore has unique pany, 1919. qualifications for writing thi~ survey of the extension of Christianity The subject of God's "responsifrom Apostolic days to the out- bility" for evil and suffering is here break of the World War. It is discussed in the light of the great the work of a student for students war. The discussion is chiefly conof history. Professor Moore re- cerned with the omnipotence of lates the progress of Christianity God. If God's power is not limto political expansion and educa- ited, why is it that He, a loving tional advancement. After dealing and good God, permits evil? Prof. with the early expansion. of Chris- Drown contends that we have ofttianity in the Roman Empire, he en had false conceptions of omnitakes up Europe from the middle potence, and becaus.e of such conages to the present day; the ex- ceptions "have made God responsipansion of Christian civilization ble," attaching limits to His power in America, Asia and Africa. in order to account for His good- ness. The author maintains that The second section of the book even if there is a limit to the powdeals with the Christian movement er of God, (he does not acknowlin the various mission fi.elds. It is edge that there is) it is rather a a brief but thoughtful treatise by cond.ition of His goodness and His a broad-minded, scholarly student moral greatness. Having estabof world movements, their causes lished a universe of unchanging ,and relationships. Many impor- law for the benefit of man's moral tant topics are omitted or very in- development, His .greatneo;s of adequately presented: such as the power is manifested in His self- Armenian situation, Egypt and restraint in not interfering. Being Arabia, the Chinese revolution, the a moral God, He cannot escape the Japanese political situation and the risks that are inseparable from Indian Mass Movements. Malay- every moral adventure. The ausia, Australasia, the Islands of the thor pleads for the belief that Pacific and Latin America are very goodness is itself omnipotent, and lightly touched upon; and modern that believing in the God revealed missions in Arctic regions are in Christ, Who suffers with us, omitted. In fact, the problems and and in "the omnipotence that is progress of Christianity in the last His alone-the omnipotence of a half century are much less satis- righteous and loving will," we can factorily treated than are the de- i/:>ravely work with Him, assured velopments of the preceding cen- that He will help us to the end. ;turies. The book is logical, concise and Professor Moore concludes by interesting. It stimulates thought, saying: "Of the mere proclamation even though the reader may not of the Gospel in all the world we agree with all the conclusions. have nearly made an end. Of the

The Opportunity for. Religion in the founded St. John's College, Ran- Present World Situation. By Har- goon, which is now the leading ry F. Ward. 12mo. 66 pp. $.60 educational institution in Burma. Some 15,000 pupils, including pau- net. The Woman's Press, New York. 1919.

This after-the-war book deals pers and princes, came under Dr.

with the "opportunity for religion Marks' remarkable personal influ- to lead humanity into a better way ence.

of living." Prof. Ward looks to a The story of Dr. Marks' work common religious dynamic to make is exceptionally interesting, as a world-democracy effective. He gathered by Rev. W. C. B. Purser, believes in Christianity as the re- from documents left by Dr. Marks ligion of hope and of the social and from letters and reports. It gospel, but he seems to base his is not a study of the Burmese or hope in the power of the Christian a dissertation on educational mis- ideal, rather than in the power of sions, but a simple, entertaining Christ Himself. and stimulating story of the mis- sionary's experience and observa- ::ealth and the Woman Movement. tions. On the occasion of his first By Clelia D. Mosher, M. D. 12mo. interview with King Mindon, Dr. 45 pp. 60 cents net. The Woman's Marks and some of his pupils were ushered into the throne room and . Press, New York. 1919. conversed with the king, while all Dr. Mosher, the medical adviser -.f women at Leland Stanford Junior University, in this lecture has the Burman officials knelt with given some excellent advice to elbows on the floor. Before the monarch were placed the "emwomen on being "racially fit and blems of royalty," a sword, a gold at the same time economically effi- betel-box and a gold spittoon. The cient." She believes that a woman King readily promised permission may overcome her physical limita- for Christian missionary work, and tions and cites the experience of offered to give land and buildings women in the European war to for a church and Christian schools. show that they can fight and work under constant and nervous physi- He proudly refused contributions cal strain as efficiently as men. from outside, saying, "I wish no Dr. Mosher does not advocate assistance in my works of merit." .women becoming masculine, but The king also promised that if his only that they attain the ideal of own sons wished to become Chrisa perfect body as a suitable recep- tians he would not oppose them. Dr. Marks died in 1915 at the tacle for a beautiful soul. age of eighty-three.

Forty Years in Burma. By J. E. Marks. Illustrated. 8vo. 307 pp. $3.50 net.' The Making of the Church of England E. P. Dutton & Co., New York, 1917. A. D. 597-1087. By Thomas Allen Tid- Forty years (1859-1899) in the ball, D. D. 8vo. 227 pp. $2.00: The mission field is a long time-long Stratford Co., Boston, Mass., 1919. enough to give a thorough knowl- This is the substance of a course edge of the people, long enough to of historical lectures given by the note the influence of the Gospel on author to his classes in a Southnon-Christian peeple, long enough ern University. It covers in a for tremendous changes to take most interesting and helpful manplace, long enough to test a man's ner the five centuries mentioned value as a missionary. All of in the title, and shows clearly the these advantages are manifest in parts played respectively by Kentthis record of Dr. Marks' life and ish and Northumbrian Christianity work in Burma. He was one of and by the Irish, Scotch and British the great educational missionaries .churches in the progress and de- of the Church of England, and velopment of English Christianity until at length the com- cially because a missionary accoming of the Nomans led to the panied the authors on this tour. definite union of the English The impartiality of treatment of Church with the Continental and missionary work is obvious, to- Roman influences prevalent at that gether with a good deal of caution. time. The book will prove a dis- Thus on one page it is said that tinctly useful guide to those who the question of how much the wish to study this period. missionaries are able to accom- plish from a religious standpoint The main objection to the au- the "writers do not wish to disthor's position is that Wakeman's cuss," though it is admitted that book is regarded as authoritative, the missionaries are potent factors when those who know English in the educational development of church history best are fully aware the people. 'hat it is written with a very strong bias against everything Reunion in Eternity. By W. Robertson Protestant. It has been well de- Nicoll. 12mo. $1.50 net. 292 pp. scribed as " a novel with a pur- Geo. H. Doran Co. 1919. pose." Then, unfortunately, the proofs of this book have been in- The editor of The British Weekly adequately read, with the result has produced a delightful book perthat there are misprints of names taining to the future life. The and 'other terms, which are unwor- work is eminently sane, and the thy of so good and useful a work. treatment of the theme is sug- In the second edition, which it is gestive rather than dogmatic. Sir much to be hoped and rightly ex- Robertson Nicoll has a way of pected this book will demand, stating truth which makes a diffithese errors should certainly be cult subject clear, and at the same corrected. time carries conviction.

Camps and Trails in China. By Roy For those who have recently Chapman Andrews and Yvette Borup been bereaved this book will be Andrews. Large 8vo. 334 pp. $3.00 not only a comfort, but a spiritual net. D. Appleton & Company, New tonic. It cannot fail to stimulate York, 1919. faith, and quicken the desire of the reader for a more intimate fellow- This is a story of exploration ship with Christ here as a prepinto unknown and wild parts of aration for the wonders of the life Northern China, told by the lead- which is beyond. er of the expedition. He was sent by the American Museum of Nat- The rapid rise of spiritualism, ural History to explore and to caused by the war, and the natural collect specimens. His wife, who desire of friends to communicate is an expert photographer, accom- with those who have died, has -led panied her husband, and secured many into strange and unwholesome most interesting illustra- some practices. The perusal of a tions which are reproduced in this book of this character is a correctvolume. The authors mingled with ive for any such inclination. Its over thirty little known tribes, and sanity as compared with the vasecured a vast assortment of rare porings of some publications on the animals. The book contains a rec- them that are called according to ord of many thrilling experiences His purpose." during their journey of a thousand miles _ by caravan into districts Part one uf the book contains a where news of the outside world number of essays, most of which is said never to penetrate. It is have appeared in The British Weeknatural to look carefully at the ref- ly. Each essay is complete in erences to missionary work, espe- itself. The main conclusions are that the believers at death pass into the immediate presence of Christ; that they are purified, en- mention the names of those who lightened, perfected, and that they report .these answers, but they have blessed reunion with those state that each case can be subthey have loved and who have stantiated. This of course strengthgone before. In peace these souls ens the impact made by the book. await the Second Advent, Resur- An index adds to its usefulness. rection and Judgment. The sec- The division into chapters, contion closes with quotations from taining such headings as, "The Re- Tennyson, Dante, Luther, and oth- covery of the Sick," "For Finaners on the future state. cial Aid," "Deliverance in Time of Danger," and "For Guidance," Part two is a series of testimo- make an instant appeal· to the nies on the subject of reunion with reader. Such a collection is like loved ones, grouped under relation- a note-book of the results of laborships as parents and children, atory experiments. brothers and sisters, husbands, wives and friends. This likewise The White Eagle of Poland. By E. F. concludes with testimonies from Benson. l2mo. $1.50. 255 pp. Geo. history and literature. The very H. Doran Co. 1919. fact that the book is not formal in tone, or systematic in treatment, Poland has had a complicated makes it the more easily read, and history which is made plain in gives a sense of freedom and nat- these pages. With real insight and uralness to the thought. perfect candor the author pictures the tangled situation, and shows God Over All. By Dr. A. T. Schofield. clearly that Poland is of vital im- 12mo. 109 pp. Pickering and Inglis. portance to the Allies. This un- Glasgow, 1919. fortunate country, which has played battle-dore and shuttlecock These brief and rather sketchy in history, is now to be a part of chapters are written to bring the cordon of states which are to brightness and cheer to those who thwart German expansion eastare suffering or sorrowing. The ward. The danger, however, of aged especially will be pleased with falling under the influence of the this as a devotional book for the Teutons has not passed, and the quiet hour. The busy pastor seek- author makes this very real. He ing for a little present to send to has given us a readable· account a shut~in, or to one who is de- of this Polish problem which has prived of sight, will find what he been called the most gigantic quesis looking for in this· little work, tion of international politics. for the key-note is, "We know that all things work together for good The Realities of Modern Science. By to them that love God, and to John Mills. 12mo. 327 pp. $1.50. them that are called according to His The Macmillan Co. 1919. purpose." This well named book for the I Cried, He Answered. 12mo. 127 pp. general reader affords a picture of Bible Institute Colportage Association. molecules, atoms, electrons, etc., in Chicago, 1919. modern dress. There is no at- tempt at text-book style, but the This is a compilation of remark- effort is made to introduce the reable and newly published answers cent applications of science in a to prayer. The circumstances are readable way. The plan of the augiven in each case with a view to thor in the opening chapters is strengthening faith. They serye historical and social, while the rebes't who pray, and they serve mainder of the book gives the apwhile they are praying. This is plications and relations of the the motive of the book. The edi- forms of energy which are contors have thought it wise not to sidered. For those who seek a mindedness." Chaplain Keable non-technical introduction to mod- seems to be somewhat of this type, ern science this volume will prove of interest. The analogies with the with additional emphasis on Jesus spiritual world, while not brought Christ as friend and the Saviour out by the writer, will be appar- of men. His weak point seems to ent to the reader whose mind is trained to observe such parallels. be that while he emphasizes the need for church unity and calls Fundamental Doctrine of the Christian attention to some very real failings Faith. By Rev. R. A. Torrey, D. D. of the Church, he does not point 12mo. 328 pp. $1.40 net. Geo. H. out the real basis of Christian Doran Co., New York, 1919. unity, surrender and loyal obe- dience to Jesus Christ in letter and Christians need to have truths in spirit. of the Bible and the Christian religion restated from time to time Dr. Elsie Inglis. By Lady Frances by one who believes in them. Dr. Balfour. 8vo. 264 pp. $1.50. George Torrey, evangelist and teacher of H. Doran. 1919. Los Angeles Bible Institute, is well qualified to do this in a way The life of Dr. Elsie Inglis was to help young Bible students. He laid down in the great war as a takes up the Deity of Christ, the sacrifice for her beloved Serbia. Holy Spirit, Regeneration, Sancti- Born in India, reared in a cultured fication and other doctrines, so Christian home, educated in Edinmuch discussed and so often mis- burgh, Glasgow and Paris, Dr. understood today. Inglis developed into well rounded womanhood. As a pioneer woman Standing By. By Robert Keable. 8vo. in the study of medicine, she was 271 pp. $2.00. E. P. Du.tton & Co. enabled to attain success in her New York, 1919. profession through the encourage- ment of a wise father, and her This British Colonial Chaplain- own indomitable will. an African Missionary-gives us the benefit of his war time re- When the war broke out, the flections in France and Flanders. call of suffering Serbia became so They are human~too entirely hu- insistent in her heart that she man perhaps for a chaplain~but could not restrain the desire to they give a man's view of the serve where the need was so great, causes of "the desolation of Eng- and pushed through every political lish religion" and the remedy he barrier until she had blazed the believes will come in the reunion trail for the British Women's Hosof the Christian Church. Chaplain pital Service, and had taken her Keable shows the good and evil own well .equipped unit to Serbia. effects of army life. "Nine Eng- But her service was not long. In lishmen out of ten," he says, "no 1917 she developed the disease longer desire the religious system which caused her death, and after in which a special order of minis- a long and painful voyage to Engters is a necessity. All they ask land, reached a hospital only a of a padre is that he shall be a few hours before death. genial, all-round, broad minded, good chap, a smoker, not averse The spirit which enabled her to to a glass of whiskey and soda, overcome obstacles is the same athletic and a speaker who will spirit which leads pioneer missionspeak straight out on common aries into fields of greatest ignor- "sense things like clean living at bot- ance and distress. The story of tom," duty, honesty, patriotism, gen- her life cannot but be an. inspiratlemanliness, good humor, broad- tion to young women who are planning their lives for the great- est good to humanity. ONE PHYSICIAN AGAINST FIF- out of their hands, so I said we TEEN MEDICINE MEN must first pray to God to help us, The chief wife of the native Shan for unless God helped us and ruler of Mongnai State had an ab- blessed our work it would all be in scess form over her left shoulder, v;lin. After prayer we got busy- which gradually grew worse despite fulfilling the prophecy of the British native treatment. She told the local official by using the knife very free- British official about it and he ad- ly indeed, not once but on several vised her to call me to treat her, different occasions before she got but she demurred, saying, "But he well, but thanks be to God, she did will cut me!" To which the British get well and is now as strong as official readily assented, saying it ever-but she will carry that scar must be cut in order to get well for the rest of her life!

again. This frank statement as to For four months we went to the what I might do to her was not palace daily and worked for an hour sufficiently attractive for her to each day in treating our royal pa- abandon her native doctors until tient, who rapidly became free from three weeks had passed from the pain, and was able to sleep and to time the abscess had become very eat whatever she wanted. At first painful; and when she was suffering I had to lay the law down very em- day and night with the.pain, which phatically about those fifteen na- kept steadily increasing, and when tive medicine men and myself-I her condition made her an object of simply would not stand co-laboring disgust to those around her, she fin- with them; it was either my services ally called me to treat her. When alone, or else I would go and she she did call me she had fifteen of could have them all back again!

the best medicine men she could get After two days' treatment, however, in the country treating her, and she she felt so much better that I had was so weak that she had to be held no trouble whatever with my medi- up in a sitting posture by four fe- cal rivals, who disappeared from the male attendants. The abscess was scene, much to my relief, for one can now almost as large as one's two never tell out here what is going on hands held together, while her gen- behind the scenes! Day by day I ~ral condition made me despair of was able to preach a little to the saving her life. The large abscess Princess and her attendants, and . had had no washing or any anti- also prayed with her and taught her septics whatever, and was covered to pray. Of her own free will and by a large green leaf I The native without my urging it, she promised doctors had all said that the abscess to attend once each month the was due to an evil spirit which had preaching services in our chapel- entered the Princess, so their treat- which promise she has partially kept, ment was confined to sprinkling at least. Prayer was mClde for her by powered bark over the abscess, cov- our people both in private and in pub- ering it with green leaves, and in lic, so we did not depend ~ 11 medical muttering incantations over their un science alone. The woman has not fortunate but loyal and obedient pa- yet accepted Christ. but we have tient, whom they had also nearly labored and prayed and soW'n the starved by denying her many foods. sed, so who can say it wiH never A very hasty inspection of the ul- bear fruit? Certain it is that out ceration was enough for me to see medical work has achieved some what I was up against with fifteen prestige from this case and the na~ hostile medicine men around just tive ruler and his wife are maR wanting a chance to. put in their oar grateful and friendly to us than ever and to make trouble for one who before.-From a letter of Dr. H. C.

was taking a very profitable patient Gibbens, Mongnai, Burma.

l'The Crisis in Church and College"

A STIRRING BOOK FOR THE NEW ERA BY THE WELL KNOWN WRITER Dr. G. W. McPherson, of Yonkers, N. Y.

(Author of "The Modern Conflict Over the Bible" 25,000 In Second Edition,Cloth) Supt. of The Old Tent Evangel Evangelistic Committee. New York City. The Crisis Vol Cloth. 1919.250 pages. Price $1.45.

Distributed by Yonkers Book Co., Yonkers, N. Y. G. W. lV.lc.Ph~rson.

This book gives results of correspondence with 211 Presidents of Colleges. theological seminaries and preparatory schools. submitting excetl>t. and letters in full on every vital religious question as. the history of the Bible. inspiration. higher criticism. evolution, missions. students and tea.chers problems. social service. place of Christ in modern thought. and is endorsed by clergy. educators, laymen. men and women everywhere, It is the book for the thinking people of this new age. Would make a deairable Holiday Gift.

Testimonials tbat Count Dr. James M. Gray . Los Angeles Bible Institute Dean. Moody Bible Institute: "I have read your Dr. R. A. Torry, Dean: "Rush by express 100 copies otirring book and am preparing a commendatory review of it for the "Christian Workers Magazine." In this of.your Crisis volume. I am profoundly stirred by review Dr, Gray said: "It is the only book of its kind." this book," Telegram sent by Rev, Dr. Horton, Supt. of this institution of 400 Bible students.

Dr. Len G. Broughton Dr. Mark A. Matthews Noted Northfield Speaker: "It is one of the ablest",res- Ex-Moderator, Presbyterian Church of America: entations of the religious questions that has appeared "Send 100 copies of your book to my church in Seattle. In our Bible Conference here your great book was in our day, I shall study this book further." praised and 100 copies were sold, except a few which —- I am sending to some friends…

Rev. Paul Rader ~D~r-.~A-.~C~.~D~i'x-on———— Pastor. the Moody Church. Chicago: "I have been praying three years for this book. I think the Moody Church will want 1.000 copies. In this first " have read lour book with profound interest. It is great chapter built of excerpts from the radical text-I a message an greatly needed today, With the ex· books and reference books used in our religious edu- ception of one or two minor matters, I give it my cation, you have all the serum." hearty endorsement."

"Please print the following words on the front page of your book Entitled, THE CRISIS IN CHURCH AND COLLEGE; The time has come for every Chrj,otian to be counted. The roll callis now going on and everyman who pretends to be a Christian must answer YES or NO to the question, "Are you absolute!y loyal to Jesus Christ, the eternal Son of God?" It is lolly for us to make an attack upon the athe.im, agnosticsbn, skepticism and anarchy being preached from the street corner or the soap boxes, when we are pennilting teachers in our schools and colleges to produce .uch ecclesiastical and politic"l anarchists. To make an attack upon the effect and not uproot the cause is superficial work. To attack the soap box orator who has been created by the anarchistic teachings of our schools is not striking at the source of the evil.

The schools or this land must he purged; the public school must be redeemed, the colleges and universities and seminaries must be purged, cleansed, purified, fumigated and saved from the infamous teachings of the va..t. W~ do not want "nything in this country that carried the label, "~!,>de in Germany."

We are cursed today with the rationalism, the socialism and anarchy of rationalistic Gennan teachings We have sa,'ed the world from German autocracy. we. must save America's schools, homes and children, and political factors from the infamy of rationalism. 'socialism and German anarchistic t~achings.

The book written hy Dr. McPherson, one of the most loyal men in America, entitled The Crisis in Cht'rch and College ought to be in the hands of every patriotic American citizen. It should be on the de..k of every preacher. and it should he in the home of every Christian.. J commend to all and urge everyone to read it carefullv. Dr. McPherson stated the fact" (Signed) M. A MATTHEWS.

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Ple&I!e mention TBli loIJ8BIONAlIY RSVlEW 01' THB WOBLD In writing to advertisers NEW BOOKS ON MISSIONS The Truth About The Foundations of Mormonism. By Wm. E. La Rue. 12mo. 243 pp. $1.25. China and Japan Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. 1919. BY B. L. PUTNAMWEALE An Introduction to Rural Sociology. A uthor of" The Fight for the Republic in China," By Paul L. Vogt. D. Appleton & "Indiscreet Letters from Peking," etc. Co., N ew York.

The 'author has lilled in China since Immigrant Problems and Hopes. By childhood and lor the past twenty years W. E. Purvis. Board of Home Mishas held official positions 01 high im- sions, United Presbyterian Church, portance in the Chinese Government. Pittsburgh, Pa. He is one 01 the greatest authorities on the Far East and his book is 01 vital The Country Church in the New importance at this time. It lays bare World Order. By Edmund Des. the whole situation. Words are not Brunner. $1.00. Association Press. minced and China's case is given in a truthful and vigorous presentation. The Gospel and the New World. By Robert E. Speer. 12mo. $2.00. Flem- 8vo. With Mapa. Price $2.00. ing H. Revell Co., New York. 1919.

Descriptive circular ~on-::requeat The Soul of America. By Charles L. Thompson, 12mo. 250 pp. $1.25. DODD, MEAD & COMPANY Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. 1919. PUBLISHERS NEW YORK The Church We Forget. By P. Whit- well Wilson. 8vo. 359 pp. $2.00. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. 1919.

A Labrador Doctor. By Wilfred T. ere n f e I . 8vo. 440 pp. $4.00. Houghton-Mifflin Co" New York. 1919.

The Social Gospel and the New Era. By JO'hn Marshall Barker. 12mo. 232 pp. $1.75. The Macmillan Co., New York. 1919.

Intervention in Mexico. By S. G. Inman. 12mo. 248 pp. $1.50. Associa- tion Press, New York. 1919.

–THE- The Truth about China and Japan. By B. L. Putnam Wea1e. 12mo. Scripture Text Calendar for 1920 247 pp. $2.00. Dodd, Mead & Co., New York. 1919.

The Call of China. By C. T. Paul.' 105 pp. ColIege of Missions, Indian- apolis. 1919.

Some Aspects of Chinese Life an1 Thought. Addresses before Peking Language School. 16mo. 186 pp. Kwang Hsueh Publishing House, Peking.

,Padre, a Red Cross Chaplain in France. By Sartell Prentice. 12mo. 328 pp. $2.00 E. P. Dutton Co., New York.

THE TABlE OF STANDARD TIME The Christian Life and How to Live It. By W. H. Griffith Thomas. 16mo. ca." By which YOII tell the appro:urnato time in th. twelve 127 pp. $0.75 Bible Institute Col- portage Association, Chicago 1919. lreat t-itia whee jl is nOQn in the U. S. And The Modern Conflict over the Bible. ROPP"S 200 YEAR REFERENCE CALENDAR By G. W. McPherson. 16mo. 214 By ,mKh ODe C<ln tell on whim :Jay 01 lhc wlllck • ceruin pp. $1.25. Published by the author, Yonkers, New York. date fdJ ,~ 200 yea… Sene! for )'OU' ulendars AT ONC£. W. upecl • •__• The Victory Life. By John T. Fari.. 12mo. 220 pp. $1.25. American Tract rue 1JPOD them. thP year. Be IU~C )'4)U eet ),0,,"" Society. 1919.

.:2 PRICES Continued on page xv $"1:-!;:…:~.~~~ _…_.• us ~'"!'.:.~~~/s. ~~-=.;: I~:: THE BIOlA BOOK ROOM Please m~t1oD THE M[88IONABY RIIVDlW 01" TIm WOllLD In ~tlna: to advertisers

1CJI1

MissionaryBooks for Christmas Gifts A Better World By TYLER DENNETT A new and vital book on Christianity and World Missions in the Reconstruction Period. Among the timely topics discussed in the book are "The League and the Changing World," "Christian Democracy and Internationalism," "Europe, the War, and Religion," and "The New Patriotism for America." Ready soon. Probable price, cloth, $1.35; paper, 60 cents; prepaid.

Foreign Magic By JEAN CARTER COCHRAN The "magic" is wrought by Christian physicians in China. The scene of many of the stories is the region surrounding a great mission hospital. A book that will appeal to a wide circle of readers by reason of its delightful humor. Illustrated. An ideal gift-book. Price, $1.5D; prepaid.

The Honorable Crimson Tree By ANITA B. FERRIS Boys and girls will welcome this delightful new book of stories about China,-the China of today. It tells. in eight chapters, the astonishing things that up-to-date boys and girls of China are doing today; such as forming corn-clubs to raise com by the latest methods, waging a ruthless war on flies, as well as many other tasks new to China. Illustrated. Charming cover-design. An ideal gift-book. Price, boards, 60 cents; paper, 40 cents; prepaid.

Order from your denominational Mission Board or from the Interchurch World Movement of North America Missionary Education Department 160 Fifth Avenue New Yark City YOU CAN STAY AT HOME Did You Ever See a and BLIND BIBLE?

PREACH THE GOSPEL TO We have Bibles for the MOHAMMEDANS blind, also in 53 Ian guages. Some immi- through grant, soldier, sailor, or poor person is waiting The American Christian Literature for a Bible. Will you supply it? Society for Moslems Send your donation (Incorporated in 1915 today.

This Society is Interdenominational. Committees of Missionaries Cooperate on the Fields. The Literature is Adapted to Moslems. The Messages are Thoroughly Evanl'elical. The Tracts are Printed Attractively. They go where no Missionaries are allowed. They can be read in secret and repeatedly.

Many Moslems have been converted Every kind of Bible for sale; Oxtord, Bag-ster, Cambridge, Holman, Nelson, at through tracts. SPECIAL DISCOUNTS. Will you help give Moslems the Gospel?

Write for mformatlon as to memberShiP. needs. sample tracts, meetings 01 auxlliari es, etc., to MRS. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Secretary Universal Bible Sunday Dec. 7.

Box 888, New YOY'k City Endorsed by official bodies of nearly all churches. OTHER O'PICERS QP THE SOCIETY Free Literature DRer.v.RSoabmeruteEl .MR.vZewere. r0n1erN, Dew.DY.,oorkf. Cairo, President. Vl(1e-Prealdent. Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, VIce-President. Dr. Jamefl L. Barton. Mrs. Wm. Borden•• Dr. Frank Muon North. Mn. Wm. B. HUt. Mr.. Fennell P. TumBr. Mlss Anna L. J)awes. Dr. Charles B. Tyndall. Mrs. Finley J. Shepard. Dr. Charles R. Watson. Mrs. D. L. Pierson. NEW YORK BIBLE SOCIETY SBND Gins ro . 675 MadiBon Ave_ – Mft!, E. E. Olcott. 322 W. 75th St,. New York, Trea8. (1I0th year) NEW YORK Pl….e mention THII MISSIONARY RBVIEW OF THE WORLD In writing to advertisers

__- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -____________,XN

The War WANTED The Flu And the Sunday-schools One of our advertisers who manufactUM'8 a product desired by church.., and who has Startling statements have been go- found the advertising columns of the Review ing the rounds as to great losses in very profltable, desires the services: of some Sunday-school membership in the last c1f'rgym~n. la.ymen and women who can furtwo or three years. ther the enterprise•.

Are these statements true? He will pay. Substantial Commi·.ion For the Servi~es Performed If true, just what are the facts? If you are Interested we will he ~Iad to put you And if true, what is the remedy? in touch with this advertiser. The oppor- tunity is worthy of your Investigation. Do you know what successful steps have already been taken by Sunday- Business Department schools to make up war and epidemiclosses, and to hold or restore member- Missionary Review Pnblishing Go., Inc. ship and attendance? 156 Fifth Ave. New York. There are some Sunday-schools, you know, that have not only held their own but have STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP, MANAGE· actually increased their membership and attendance during these times. MENT, CIRCULATION, ETC., REQUIRED BY THE ACT OF CONGRESS OF AUGUST 24, Have you investigated the condition of 1912, OF THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF your own school, so that you know ex~tly THE WORLD, published monthly at Cooperstown, what the need (r loss or gain is there? N. Y., for Octobet, 1919 For some months past The Sunday School State of New Y Ot"k, County of New York, ss: Times has been investigating this subject that is of such vital importance to the very life of Before me, a notary public in and for the county the Sunday-schuo!s of North America. aforesaid, personally appeared Delavan L. Pierson. who having been duly sworn. according to ~a~. deposes ~nd Every section of North America is being says that he is the EdItor of the MISSIonary Revle~ scoured for authentic material that will be of of the World, and that the following is to the best of hiS tremendous value to your school. knowledge and belief, a true statement of the ownership, All kinds of Sunday-schools are being in- ~a~h!e~~~~s~iddp~biic~ti~~ 1f~~e~h:hda~;r~hl~~~n?n e~h~ cluded in this investigation, small and lat-ge, city and country, so that all may move for- above caption, required by the Act of August 24, 1912, ward together in the new era of opportunity. embodied in section 443, Postal Laws and Regulations, printed on the reverse side of this form, to wit: You can get the benefit of the full results of this investigation in only one way: by 1. That the name and addresses of the publisher, pt~lrs'h~~nMf~~i~n~~~oRe~~wbP~b[is~hl:;n~~fne;a~;~ :Inc., 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Ed:tor. Delavan L. Pierson. 156 Fifth Avenue, NeVI York City.

2. That the owners are (give names and addresses of IT'dividual owners, or if a corporation. give its name and the names and addresses of stockholders owning or holding 1 per cent or more of the total amount of stock.) in your home and school. Missionary Review Publishing Co., Inc.• 156 Fifth Ave., The articles covering this whole subiect will New York City: ~{rs. Wm. Borden, Englewood. N. J.; commence this autumn, and continue into the winter. Tbey will give a wealth of practical, M'"ss Eli7abeth Bi1Iin~s, 279 Madison Avenue, New York soundly successful material, showing how any and every school can more than overcome the City; Edwin M. Bulkley, Englewood. N. J.: Ralph L. set-back of the last few years. Cutter. 219 Clinton Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.: R. A. Doan, And in every issue you get a dozen unusual 3944 Forest Avenue. Norwood. Ohio: H. N. Dougherty, lesson-hell] feaf'lres, on the International Improved Uniform Lessons, by the best Bible Brooklyn. N_ Y_; Mrs. C. R. Erdman.. Princeton, N. J.; teachers in North America. ~amt1el H_ GiJ1espie, Odgen Place. Morristown, N. J.; D. R Gamble, Cincinnati. Ohio; Manly R. Hubbs. Hunt- }~~d~nc~n~;; ~~rW~_ ~~wH~i. 6~~~~k!e;~f:.etN~Y~; Wm_ A1bert Harbison, Pittsburg, Pa.; Aliee MeD. Kort. right, Huntinfrton, L_ I.; Mrs_ John S_ K,.nnedy, 400 Park Avenue, New York City; R. A_ Long, Kansas City, ~'N~iI[asi43HW~~c~~ilirt'St;~~~~bNl~' {;,~k? C~~; N.Ut~ P;erson, Trustee, 10 Elston Road. Montclair, N_ J. j Jas. H. Post, 129 Front Street, New York City: Mrs_ A. F.

Schauffier, 400 Park Avenue, New York City, Robert E.

~~:d'e, ~I~~:J~~3: ~hi(r; Jr~~nJ. SLi~i~:;~n:8~ayT:t"~ Clevehmd Ohio; Mrs. C. P_ Turner, 1506 Walnut Street, But the ..ry best tWng about tWo Every- Week Interd6nominatioJlal .Jourm".l for Philadelphia. Pa .· Mrs. Wm. Reed . ;ThMnmisspsoMna, ~54R45. OQ Aoults in Birle Study and Telching, Northumberla nd Ave., P ittsburgh, Pa a~~~~Je 2~o;k=~~28nE;~~:~e;ap'a?:.aE~~·t ~r!~ke. ~~ e" '" « Sunday-School Management, and T-: John C. Wick, Youngstown, Ohio; C_ E. Welch, the Christian I ife and Service, l' i. that it stands for the whole Westfield, N. Y. j WaIter McDou~l1, 191 Lorraine Bible as the infallible '1('9 ~:ir~uN. ¥.~n~isi:. H~~rl~lta AR;~~PJ 51rw.eri4rS~:: THE Qi j,~l'..", W ord of God, and the New York. ,<', shed blood of J ems 3. That the known bondholders, mortgagees.. and other SUNDAY SCHOOL OJ?: as the only way security holders owning or holding 1 per cent or more of TIMES COMPANY 01 salva.tion. total :.lmount of bonds, mortgages and other securities are: None. 1031 Walnut 51., Phil.. (Signed) Delavan L. Pierson_ 74 " ,~O For the 25 cents enclosed plea.se send The Sunday t,. … ~,. Sworn to and subscribed before me this 6th day of '0 "'$ School Times for to.weeks to November, 1919.

N a m e – – – – – – – _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ('..~ Caroline Bahr, ________________________ t,. N~~iifi~a~~Iifiierf:t~~s~.r g~~n~. 167, Also in register's office No. 1292, Address My commission expires March 30, 1921.

Please mention THJII MISSIONARY R:Brvmw 0::8' THE WORLD in writing to advertiser& NEW BOOKS ON MISSIONS BOOKS WITH the mark of a book Ca'l'!linued from page XII PURPOSE written to meet a need The Acts. By Charl.es. R. Erdman. V 16mo. 176 pp. Westmmster Press. 1919.

Jesus and the Young Man of Today. THERE IS a growing feeling By John M. Holmes. 170 pp. $1.00.. that the books of Association ,The Macmillan Co., New York. Press are books published 1919. . "for me"-that they really are "Books with Purpose, Gcd's Highway. By W. Y.· Fullerton. 12mo. 199 pp. 35. 6d. Morgan & Scott.

Failure and Recovery. By Harrington C. Lees. 16mo.· 120 pp. 25. 6d. Mor- gan & Scott.

The Christian Movement in the Japa- written to meet a need." nese Empire. Year BODk for 1919. Conference of Federated Missions, Have you these NEW books? Tokyo. That One Face (Cloth $1.25) Christian Doctrine. By R. W. Dale. 12mo. $1.50. George H. Doran Co., Richard Robert. New York. 1919. Intervention in Mexico Student Witnesses for Christ. By S. Ralph Harlow. 94 pp. $0.60. Asso- S. G. Inman (Paper Board. $1.50) ciation Press, New York. 1919. The New Spirit in Industry Missions Overseas. Edited by H. U. Weitbrecht Stanton. 126 pp. 2s. 6d. F. Ernest Johnson (Cloth $ .75) Society for the Promotion of Chris- tian. Knowledge, London, 1919. Building on Rock (Cloth $ .75) The Religion of Israel. By George A. Henry Kingman Barton. 289 pp. $3.00. The Mac- millan Co., New York. 1919.

Jewish Contributions to Civilization. By Joseph Jacobs. 334 pp. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia. 1919.

The Encycoipedia of Islam. A diction- Sex and VEe (Cloth $ .60) ary of the geography, ethnography, and. biography of Mohammedan peo- T. W. Galloway ples. Two volumes, 64 pp. each. 4s. each volume. Luzac, London. 1916. Relillious Experience of Israel The Land of Promise. By H. G. Hard- William J. Hutchin. (Cloth $1.90) ing. 116 pp. 2s. Christian Mission- ary Society, London. 1919.

Cooperation in India. By Henry W. Hearth and Altar (Cloth $1.25) Wolff. 352 pp. 12s. Thacker, Lon- don. 1919. O. L. Joaeph The Story of Serampore and its Col- Between Two Worlds lege. By George Howells and A. C. Underwood. 85 pp. Serampore. 1919. John He.ton Willey (Cloth $1.25) Social Ideals in India. By William Ask your bookstore Paton. 112 pp. Is 3d. U. C. M. E. or write to U8 London. 1919. ASSOCIATION PRESS Moung Ting. Story of a Burmese Boy. 16mo. 112 pp. 25. Society for 347 Madison Avenue, New York the Propagation of the Gospel, Lon- don.

Tama. Diary of 'a Japanese School Girl. By Florence Wells. 16mo. 63' pp. $.0.75. The Woman's Press, New York, 1919.

Plee.ae mention. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW 011 THII WORLD In writing to advertisers

A Great

At the forefront in these troubled times, facing a race antagonism of inten!'e bitterness, with frequent o~inou:;. outbreaks of mob violence-a. situation becoming daily graver and inOl:e tense, stands The American Missionary Association The Age-Ld,ng Friend of The Lowly and Oppressed Over against the hatred, contempt, injustice, bru- tality, and clueItyof the day it sets the religion of Jesus Christ With bve at its heart,-a religion which inevitably m!J,kes for the highest moral standards: for justice, fair play, sympathy, brotherly kindness.

forbearance. and chivalry.

This great faith the Association expresses chiefly in the terms of Christian Education. .

For more than half a century it has been deep in the task of tr3.inihg Negro youth for freedom and for citizenship. It is the founder of seven notable insti- tutions-Fisk, Hampton, Atlanta, Talladega, Touga- loo, Straight. and Tillotson-and of scores of lesser RAW MATERIAL schools. It is now sustaining wholly or in pal t five colleges for Negroes besides twenty-five secondary schoolb (nor~al, indu~trial, and agricultural) with a.

teaching forc~ of about five hundred and with nine thousand pupils.' .

a The Association has from the first been a Teacher of Teachers and Leader of Leaders. Its graduates are to be found ~verywhere among the foremost men of the race. .

While unsecta:f.ian, our schools are deeply Christian.

They admit no $habby work, but insist upon high standards of: scholarship in both teacher and pupil.

They aim at sylmnetrical manhood, training head, hand. and hel),rt together. To the development of the intellect they add the discipline of self-reliance. sin- cerity, indust.fY. reverence. pat.riotism, fitness for life.

The commUnities in which our institutions stand are distingui!'hedfor;morality, prosperity, high standards of living. and ~hat self-respect which wins the respect of others. I~ alp!ost every case they are marked by kindly. neighborly relations between the races.

To the AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION The Association asks its friends to sup- Dept. MR, 2.87 Fourth A"enue~ New York City port its earnest purpose,- Desiring a share In your great task of peacemak· ETEADILY to carryon our work in the ing, I send the enclosed contribution. fa! of advancing prices; Amount •••……….• USTLY to increase the salaries of five hu dred devoted missionary teachers; Name ……………………………….. , .. PROMPTLY to repair or to replace outworn buildings and equipment; Addr…………………………………… ,.

BOLDLY to meet with new undertak- . inlts the challenge of the new day.

. : , Pl…..e mention THIll MISSIO>lAllY R",.Vll!lW. OF THIll WORLD 1n wrltlnl( to. ad….rtI…,..

following announcement was sent to e~ry Presbyterian Pastor in NO#ember

Has your Church adopted the program?

MAKE IT KNOWN IN DECEMBER THE NEW ERA MOVEMENT in its CHRONOLOGICAL PROGRAM for 1919-1920 .Iecommends that the FOREIGN MISSIONARY WORK of the ChUlch be especially emphasized puring December. THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS therefore presents for adoption by all Presbyterian Churches the following program: SUNDAY, December 7. PASTOR'S DAY.

lHEME: "The New Era Foreign Missionary Task of the Presbyterian Church." Every pastor to preach on this theme in his own pulpit. or another PuiEit by exchange.

AVAlLABLE LITERATURE; Annual Report of the Board which all ministers receive from the Stated Clerk of the General Assembly. Items of special value are marked on the margin. Lake Gerieva Address of Rev. A. W. Halsey, D. D. This address is for Pastors of Presbyterian Churches only until after December 7th. After that date it can be secured in quantities for free distribution. It will be sent to all pastors.

SUNDAY, December 14. LAYMEN'S DAY.

rnEME: "Near East Facts." Five-minute addresses by laymen at the regular church services in place of the sermons. FCUR LAYMEN in each of the 10,000 Presbyterian Churches at the morning service-FORTY rnOUSAND LAYMEN. FOUR LAYMEN at each of the two service_EIGHTY THCU~AND LAYMEN.

AVAILABLE LITERATURE: A Laymen's Packet of five-minute addresses on the needs and opportunities in the war-torn countries of Syria and Persia where the Presbyterian Church has a Spiritual "Mandatory."

SUNDAY, December 21. SUNDAY SCHOOL DAY.

rnEME: "Christmas Land." An exercise under that title. for use by Sunday Schools.

has been prepared by Lt.-Col. John H. Finley. President of the University of the State of New York and American Red Cross Commissioner to Palestine and the Near East. Sample copies and order blanks are being sent to all Sunday School Superintendents and Pastors.

The annual Christmas Sunday-school offering for Foreign Missions authorized by the General Assembly, and part of the New Era Budget and Program will be for the children of Syria made homeless by the War, for whom the Presbyterian Church is responsible.

OrtIers for ..Allailable Literature" IlhoultI be sent to December Department Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City

the Gre, National MOlement to Perpetuate

the. Names of Those Who Served in the Great World War SURELY; you will honor perma- nently those from your Church or Sunday School who helped defend i our cou~ti-y. in the most stupendous of all wars.

R.eplace your temporary service flag with an ex- quisite testimonial of imperishable Bronze which faith- fully reproduces the sculptor;s best workmanship and is in true accord with recognized fine art standards.

We make many handsome designs and each tablet is individually made to ~ntain any number of honor names, also an in- scription of your • own choosing, and such a testimonial .will dignify any room or building.

ONE OF OUR MANY HANDSOME DESIGNS Liberty Honor Testimonials, in addition to being best for the purpose, cost less than other tablets of inferior appearance. We offer a wide range of styles, sizes and prices for your selection.

Write for illustrated Catalog No. 19 A, st(ltillg num- ber of stars in service flag and character of organ- lzation contemplating erection of testimonial tablet.

Liberty Bronze Works General Offices: 611 W. 49th St. ,New York "KNOWN PROM COAST TO CCMSTu

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1919

A RELIC OF THE BARBAROUS ·IN

EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS CHAT FREE, FOR THE ASKING IT is always gratifying to us when For my sermons, I use subscribers ask our advice or the large, bold type.

write for information which they Then by "Just turning need in their work. The number of the knob· tl.& {>G~t inquiries increases constantly and we are always pleased to have our read- tv'l>e· 8 l'e ..Q.~ ~Ol' ,,~ ers feel that we take a very real interest in them and the work they are J~l'~ ..e 00l'1'88~o~Q.e~o8. doing. The pages of THE REVIEW Ny Sund~, Sch~oL notic.s are all designed to be helpful to you -an encouragement to greater effort 4tMany Typewriters In One" and the source of wider knowledge in missionary matters. We appre- Would I/O.. like to know why the ciate that there must be many problems which confront you and ~~tiP!~!:.am:o~~o~ie~O lW~ul~!n wl!t~ upon which you need guidance-perhaps it may be how many mISSIOn- you in Jour words: aries are in a certain place or what is the location of a certain mISSIOn- Because of its veraatiUtyJ ary society. Feel at liberty to write us concerning anything that will help The .Multiplex Hammond does everyyou and be sure that we will be in- thing any othor typewriter will do. terested. The closer our relations and bU1du, il you ·"Just turn the with you become, the more satisfac- knob" you can change (rom one style tory will be our work. of type, or from one languagt-, to an- other. Note the above specimen Our business department is at your r~~~Ym:c~:~~d) all wriil." on the service as truly as our editorial and circulation departments. We will No Other Typewriter Can Do Thi. gladly answer inquiries concerning books, mission study courses, mis- No matter who sionary training institutions, church you q,re, what you furnishings, household articles, equip- are. or u'here you ment for best methods, personal re- are. tha Multlplax quirements, etc., such as those inter- Hammond is the ested in missions may need. Perhaps writiD'" ma.chine we can aid you in finding some ar- ror YOU. 1Jall ticle for which you are looking. The the C"oupon for advertisements in the REVIEW may Craa lolder. contain just what you wish and by patronizing our advertisers you will Also a PORTABLE Model help yourself and will enable us to better the REVIEW. Great care is Full capacity. Weight about 11 pounds. taken to accept only trustworthy ad- Ask lor spc'CiBI loldar. 11 ailed Iree. vertising and to study the special needs and interests of our readers. inquire about apecial term. to profea.lonals ____________.Free Folder ____________.

THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. 577 East 69th St., New York City. Pletl.sa send lree Folder to: Name __________________ Addnws______________________ Occupation Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW 01 THE WonD in writing to advertisers An lncian Medicine Man and his Wife with two visitors at their summer home. (See page 491.)

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL JULY, 1919 NUMBER s"VEN XLII ANTI-AMERICAN RIOTS IN JAPAN I T is difficult for Americans to understand the Japanese view- point in politics, ethics or religion. Their history, their insti- tutions and their beliefs are radically different from those of western nations. They practically deify the Emperor, they justify prostitution and they glorify suicide. The Japanese are a proud and a.mbitious people, and naturally see no reason for accepting inequality with Europeans and Americans. They do not acknowledge that they are any more selfish or any less able to govern than are the Christian nations. Consequently the attitude of the allies at the Peace Conference toward Japanese ambitions in China, and the criticism of their rule in Korea has aroused Japanese ire. Riots have occurred in Japan which might have caused serious international complications.

A recent letter from an American resident in one of the Japanese ports, written on April 24, describes one of these riots as follows: "Yesterday about. 6 p. m. one of the foreign teachers oame over and said that word had come that there was a lecture advertised in flaming handbills and posters with part of the subject destruction of this .A.meriom School and of Ithe .A.mericansbecause America was acting as an enemy to Japan at the Peace Conference and in Chosen, in influencing the Koreans.

"Some young Japanese in the church offered to be present at the lecture and 'phone up to let us know how· things were going. We ladies put together a few little things that we could take with us if it seemed necessary to leave the house. The two maids came in and sat in the room with me and I told them Bible stories while we waited for news. The policeman who was sent up came on the rnn and seemed so troubled and the Japanese teachers and Christians seemed so much so that I thought there must be some danger.

"Last night there was another meeting and lecture in a Bud- 481 dhist temple on the same topic and some rough young fellows during- the evening came up and attempted to pass through the grounds, but the students called to them that it was not allowed and they could not come through. The fellows shouted "Why not T Maybe your school will burn." In the lecture the previous evening the lecturer had said "If the law did not interfere it would be a good thing to burn down the school, but as that is not permitted it would be the thing to boycott it and thus destroy it."

"There is a great deal of feeling, even among Christians, over the race equality question and jealousy of America because of the belief that she is trying to preempt the commercial advantages in China. The newspaper men stir up the people, though the government publishes corrections of mistaken ideas, both here and in Chosen where most absurd things are charged against the missionaries as a body."

Japan is in a transition stage and, like a young man who is just beginning to take his place in the world, is extremely sensitive. The country is crowded and feels the need for expansion, there is much social unrest and a growing party is opposed to militarism and imperialism. -The government is trying to suppress socialistic speeches and publications. Some of Japan's leaders, like Baron G~to, are acknowledging that in Christ and His principles alone is there hope for Japan. Non-Christian Japanese can never win Koreans or adopt an unselfish and righteous policy of government.

THE CRISIS IN PERSIA T HOSE who have read the uncensored letters of missionaries in Persia realize something of the unspeakable sufferings through which they and the Christians of various sects in that country have passed. Northwestern Persia has been the battle ground for wild and untamed Kurds, bloodthirsty Turks and r~lUgh Russian troops. At one time missionaries were called to protect Armenian and Assyrian Christians, and at another time the Moslems. Noone who has not been through it can picture the ferocity of the Kurds and the beastliness of Turks, driven by lust and the thirst for blood. The Christian villages have been ravaged, so that in many of them the people have been driven out or murdered, the houses are entirely destroyed, or have been left without doors or windows. The killing of hundreds of members of Protestant churches, including Christian pastors, have left the churohes practically without leadership. Four years and a half of warfare, pillage and rapine, have exhausted the strength of the missionaries, so that most of them have been obliged to return to the United States in order to regain their health. Those who remain are overburdened, and there is an appealing call for workers and

SIGNS OF THE

for money to reestablish the work, and to save the lives of the remaining Christians.

Conditions west of Lake Urumia are still very unsatisfactory. Three thousand Christians in one district were massacred and two thousand homes were destroyed. Five hundred were forced to become Moslems, at least outwardly, by threats of death. The Persian government is so weak and powerless to establish order that the Urumia missionaries have been obligfd to go to. Tabriz, and their work has been discontinued with the exception of three schools for refugees, carried on by the native workers. The buildings are damaged, some of them almost beyond repair. Presses are broken, type scattered and missionaries' homes looted, so that it will take hundreds of thousands of dollars to repair the damage. Many of the Americans in Persia believe that the only hope for the establishment of peace and security is intervention by the Allied forces. This will be welcomed by intelligent Persians, but with the establishment of peace there must be a strengthening of the forces that make for righteousness. Persians, Moslems and Christians alike recognize the missionaries as such a force. If the present appeal is not responded to promptly, it will mean that Christianity in Persia will be retarded at least twenty-five years.

PEACE AND UNITY IN INDIA A CHRISTIAN Memorial has been proposed for India which will represent the great sacrifice which the Christians of India have made on behalf of their God and country in the great war. At the same time it will embody another great ideal which has been brought prominently to the front during these years of suffering. Never before has Christian unity been so much to the front as during the war. Each month for the past two years large meetings have been held under the Bombay representative Council of Missions, at which thousands of Christians have gathered to pray for God's help. The meetings have been held in various churches and have been conducted by the ministers of several denominations. To give but one example-when the meeting was held in the Bombay Cathedral, it was conducted by a Church of England Bishop, a Methodist elder and a Presbyterian clergyman, a thing which would never have occurred five or six years ago.

This co-operation has been shown also amongst the chaplains of the different denominations. The Government recognizes only four bodies with chaplains, namely: Church of England, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian and the United Board, this last comprising Methodist, Congregational and Baptist. This distinction has been with the Government only, for both on and off the field these men have worked together with the utmost brotherliness, and many a

wounded man testifies to the help he has received at the han4s of chaplains other than those of his own Churoh.

In view of all this what more fitting way of celebrating peace than for this spirit of unity to be put into some tangible and permanent form 1 The Lord Bishop of Bombay proposes that this be done by building a church in which all the denominations can come together and worship. He says, "Let us build the four arms of a great church in t.he shape of a cross, assigning one to each of the great religious divisions known to the army.. In the terminal wall of each church toward the center let there be an arch, designed so as to ultimately support a great dome over the central space. At present the four arches in the end walls of the four buildings would be built up, but they would remain ashng, as it were, to be opened up, and asking for the dome to be built which would complete the structure and make it one. Christians of any race starting from India and meeting their death in the war would be commemorated in these buildings, which would symbolize the united efforts of Christians in the war, and at the same time the unity of Christendom which has been advanced. Meanwhile each body of Christians would decorate its own building internally according to its customs, and keep it in order in its own way.

We do not wish a lifeless memorial of the immortal dead, but a peace that should act as an incentive to Christians not to rest till the unity of Christians is again visible.

To non-Christians nothing is more perplexing than the different denominations, and to the missionary it is very difficult to explain. Will India lead in this great movement for Christian unity? If she does, the missionaries will rejoice in this sign of the approach of the day when "all shall be one."

H. INGRAM, Bombay.

UNITING TO CARE FOR NEGLECTED INDIANS O UT of the 336,000 Indians in the United States (exclusive of Alaska) the Home Missions Council Committee on Indian Missions estimates that 47,569 are entirely neglected and unprovided with facilities for Christian education or an opportunity to hear the Gospel. Of these, 4,500 are in Arizona; 6,250 in California; 526 in Colorado; 500 in Idaho; 1,138 in Kansas; 2,000 in Michigan; 2,500 in Montana; 2,600 in Nevada; 4,500 in New Mexico; 300 in North Carolina; 800 in North Dakota; 1,000 in South Dakota; 6,800 in Oklahoma; 800 in Oregon; 700 in Texas; 1,600 in Utah; 2,200 in Washington and 2,800 in Wisconsin. In addition to these there are 100,000 Indians unclaimed as adherents to any Christian Church or mission.

The Home Missions Council has assigned responsibility for

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

these neglected Indians to various ev:angelical mlSSIon Boards. The immediate evangelization of these neglected Indians is an obligation resting upon the Ohristian Ohurch. There is comparatively little overlapping and the few instances reported are being investigated. It will be a testimony to the unity of Protestant Christians if the forces at work can be so divided as to care for all the unreached Indian tribes.

Of the 29,173 Indian children in schools only 8,560 are provided with any religious instruction. Over 16,000 Indian children of school age are entirely unprovided with school facilities.

Among other interesting and noteworthy facts reported is the fact that there are 225 Indian ordained Protestant ministers and 222 salaried Indian helpers. There are 460 organized Protestant churohes with a membership of 32,000; and 18,000 children in the Sunday-schools.

The Indian Oommittee of the Home Missions Council proposes a vigorous program of action to care for the neglected tribes and communities. This program includes (1) the starting of evangelical work among unreached Indians, (2) the appointment of ministers to give religious instrucHon in government schools and (3) the establishment of day schools for Indian children in neglected communities.

Here is a great opportunity for an example in Ohristian unity and cooperation, and the evangelical agencies are planning to remove any causes of friction and waste due to overlapping in the Indian mission fields. If they can also provide sufficient forces and funds to occupy the neglected fields, it will be a sign that Christians of varying names and creeds can work together harmoniously to wipe out the record of "a century of dishonor" due to the exploitation of these "wards of the nation."

OOOPERATION IN JEWISH MISSIONS A N Inter-Society Conference was held in Edinburgh, Scotland, April 22d to 24th to consider the present crisis among Jews and the need for closer cooperation among Ohristians in giving them the Gospel of Christ. The Oonference was held under the auspices of the Continuation Oommittee of the World Missionary Conference and twelve British societies having work among a Jews were each represented by delegates. The only representa- tive from North America was the Rev. S. B. Rohold, member of the Editorial Staff of the REVIEW.

Plans were discussed and adopted to promote comity and cooperation among workers for Jews, and should help materially to E!trengthen the work. These plans include arbitration in matters of dispute between missions; conferences on methods of work and

points of disagreement; arbitration where agreement cannot be reached otherwise; territorial division to avoid overlapping or disregard for the best interests of the work as a whole; cooperation in institutional work; agreement as to the employment and salaries of mission agents and the reception of church members and mission converts. There was also an urgent appeal for more missionaries to the Jews and for special schools to train them for the work.

The timeliness of these conferences is especially marked at the present day, when the're are unusual stirrings among the 12,000,000 Jews of the world. There is a crisis in Jewish affairs, due to the war, the renewed oppression and murder of Hebrews in Europe and the liberation of Palestine from Turkish rule. The vast bulk of Jews in Europe are sunk in deepest poverty and have known nothing from their neighbors but hatred and abuse. Many of them have nevertheless risen to positions of wealth and influence. Their spiritual state is worse than their physical and social condition. While many Jews are of noble character they are still blind to the Light of the World and attribute their unfortunate condition to Christian hatred rather than to their own unbelief. They do not know their own Old Testament,and their religion is largely legalistic formalism and traditional superstitition. Many of them have become atheists, and religion, even with the orthodox Jews, has generally become divorced from morality. Most of them have ceased to look for a Messiah and consequently have no hope beyond this life.

Nevertheless the .Jews are still God's people and heirs to His promises. Their hope is not in Zionism but in Jesus Christ. Many Jews have come to see this and have become true Christians in faith and practice. The late Professor Nicol estimated that during the nineteenth century between 250,000 and 300,000 Jews united with Christian churches. This is a larger proportion than the converts from any other non-Christian faith. It requires every method of opposition and intimidation on the part of Jews-family, influence, persecution, boyootting, etc.-to prevent young Hebrews from turning to Christ.

Surely it behooves Christians to pray and work more earnestly for the conversion of God's Chosen People through whom we received the Old and New Testaments and Christ Himself. Christian agencies should work unitedly to give the Gospel to the Jews, and a demand should be made that civil and political disabilities be removed from Hebrews in. Europe.

® ~ E?auDrI:T:..ORaIcAL…C.OMUwMuwE:iN.T~.·U

CHURCH UNION, REAL AND ARTIFICIAL U NIONS and reunions are the order of the day. Not only are there Interchurch Movements in the United 'States and Canada, but there are movements to unite Christians on a basis of faith regardless of denominations, and there are larger plans for the ultimate union of all Christendom. Bishop Charles P. Anderson, Bishop Brent and Bishop R. H. Weller of the Protestant Episcopal Church went to Europe about March first to make plans for a conference in which the Greek, Roman and Protestant churches of the world would discuss matters on which they agree and disagree. They went to Italy to call on the Pope-the first time since the reign of Henry VIII when Protestant bishops have officially called upon the Pope.

The conference in Italy was the outcome of a General Church Conference in Cincinnati in 1910, where plans were laid for a conference of all Christian Churches. But "Can two walk together except they agree?" Dr. James M. Gray, of Chicago, warns us that Biblical Prophecies predict a league of nations whose head is a secular despot, but side by side wi~h him is an ecclesiastical head who exercises his authority.

There is always danger in wide spread movements for union among Christians who differ, that. conviction will be replaced by compromifre, and thus character will be weakened and standards. as to truth and righteousness will be lowered. Union must not be at the expense of spiritual truth and power.

No Christian believes in bigotry which is born of ignorance and narrowness, nor do those who have the Spirit of Christ sanction sectarian divisions and bitterness. The essential foundation of Christianity is loyalty to Jesus Christ and His standards as revealed in the Word of God. Any other basis for unity is quicksand. There is, however, room on the One Foundation for differing types of structure and differing methods of work. There may be differences of interpretation, but the same spirit, and differences of administration under the leadership of the same Lord. One group may prefer government by bishops and another by representative assembly or a democratic "town-meeting;" some may interpret baptism to mean immersion, while others are convinced that it is a rite which requires less water. The essential element .of faith is 487

the conviction that Christ is the only Way of life and His Word is the infallible guide. Each one of the great denominations has contributed something to the 'understanding of Christian truth, and God has honored each one of the great evangelical bodies with the evidence of His presence and' power. If God has accepted the Baptists, the Methodists, the Presbyterians, the Congregationalists, the Disciples, the Episcopalians, the Lutherans, the Moravians, the United Brethren and others as part of His Great Body, why should one part claim to enjoy His especial and exclusive sanction 1 Many sects were born in revivals and came into being because some branch of Christians had lost sight of important truth or had become a dead member of the body of Christ. The call today is not for organic church union, especially with non-evangelical bodies, or even for a united interpretation of Christian truth; but the great need is for closer, more vital union with Christ, the Lord, and a greater separation between the Christian and the world. Even the desire for larger results in church membership is not the most commendable ambition. The eternal need is for eternal life,-the life in a grain of mustard seed is more powerful and transforming than the mass of weight in a dead tree or a lifeless machine. One Spirit-filled man will do more to turn the world upside down than a regiment of nominal Christians.

The dangers to be avoided in church union and cooperative movements are the dangers that come from power without divine control, the danger of the energy of the flesh without energy of the Spirit, the danger of emulation of the world in attempting a great program because it is great in size, and the danger of mistaking applause of the world for approval of God. Nor must we mistake the by-products of Christianity for Christianity itself; the regeneration of society cannot be secured without the regeneration of the individual. Reform movements are good, but they may hinder the work of Christ if they cover up the putrefaction caused by sin. The gifts of large sums of money to the work of the Church may be a curse instead of a blessing if these engender self-complacency and lead men to depend on gold rather than on God. Sin-disease is not a skin-disease, and apart from God men are lost. The only remedy is new life imparted by Christ Jes!Us, the Great Physician of souls.

True Christian union must be vitalized by the Holy Spirit. Christians cannot afford to ignore each other or to antagonize one another. They must maintain the spirit of love in the bond of peace, so that they may unite effectively in their opposition to the enemies of God.

Harmony and cooperation among Christians'does not depend on agreement in non-essentials, but upon recognition of the great essentials that "one is our Master, even Christ," and that "the blood of Jesus Christ, God's Son, cleanses us' from all sin."

MOSL:mMS AND RELIGIOUS SUSCEPTIBILITIES

T HE Governor of Bengal has recently declared "forfeited to his Majesty all copies, wherever found, of a book entitled 'Islam, a Challenge to the Faith,' by Samuel M. Zwemer and all copies of all other documents containing the matter of the said book, on the ground that the said book contains matter which is calculated to wound the religious susceptibilities of Moslems."

No charge whatever is made to indicate any untruthfulness in the volume referred to, and there is no accusation of a lack of charitableness or fairmindedness. The only ground for putting Dr. Zwemer's excellent work on the "indexexpurgitorius" is that the Moslems do not like it. On the same ground they might object to criticisms of their slavery, polygamy and their "Holy wars" and to British laws and regulations in Egypt and India. Moslems are very sensitive to some things.

The British Government does not, however, have any solicitude for the relLgious susceptibilities of Christians. "The Islamic Review," published in Woking. England, recently printed a blasphemous article relating to the sufferings and death of Jesus Christ, but since no political disturbanoe is likely to result no official objection is made. A venomous tract was recently issued by Bengal Moslems entitled "Is Jesus Sinless", but the Governor representing a Christian Government makes no objection to these false and misleading representations of Christianity and its Founder. On the other hand, the publication of the truth about the false claims of Mohammed and the errors of Islam is forbidden.

All this is additional evidence of the fact that huinangovernments as such are not Christian, though they may be Moslem or Buddhist or Hindu. They are concerned, not so much about truth or falsehood, as about the effects of an act or statement on the people they govern. A Christian and truthful "Life of Mohammed" may be put under the ban because ignorant Moslems object to the statements, while a Moslem and distorted "Life of Christ" may be published freely in the same land because Christians are intelligent enough to know that it is false, and are selfrestrained enough not to cause a political disturbance.

Might not both Christians and Moslems be more solicitous for the truth and more anxious to avoid "wounding the susceptibilties" of God who is grieved at unrighteousness and unloveliness in character, word and deed T May not even the most upright governments overstep their authority and be over solicitous about the feelings of men who suppress truth and foster error, while the gov~rnments seek to please men with more eagerness than they seek to please God. Suppose that Jesus Christ Himself had governed His utterances according to the religious susceptibilities of 489

the Jews. Fortunately the Roman Government was not as fearful as the British Government. It put down disorder while it permitted testimony to the truth.

QUESTIONABLE CHURCH FINANCING SHALL money be extracted from people's pockets for God's work by means of tempting bait or threats of disaster' Shall those who profess to be followers of Him who gave His life for them, be coaxed and tempted by fairs, suppers, dances and minstrels to support His Church and the work of His Kingdom 1 Yet here is the financial report of a church for 1918.

RECEIPTS Pew rents and monthly collections ………………………………. $ 2,777.20 Special offerings and collections.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,038.67 Sales at the church fairs etc……………… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,673.48 Card parties, minstrels etc………………………………………. 1,422.64 Total for local church expenses…………………………………. $17,911.99 Gifts for charity and missions…………………………………… 266.55 EXPENDITURES For charity and missions……………………………………….. 266.55 For new church……………………………………………….. 36,718.61 F or clergy and other expenses……. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,639.75 Is it any wonder that the church was obliged to borrow $20,- 000 to provide for the deficit 1 God's people should not be coerced or coaxed into giving, but should be trained to understand and experience the joys and responsibilities of stewardship. We must begin with the children at a very early age. Most of them are trained-if at all-to take, not their own, but their parents' money. They learn to spend ten cents for candy or fifteen cents for a moving picture show, or a dollar for toys, which in the same week they ask for an extra "penny" for church or Sunday-school. They never learn proportionate giving or the meaning of sacrifice. There can be no joy in doling out money to God, in treating Him as a beggar or His house as a bazaar, but there is joy in helping His needy children and in the sense of partnership in His work, even giving to the point of sacrifice. A young boy of six said to his father one night: "Father, this is the happiest day of my life." ·When pressed for the reason he told of a poor boy whom he had made happy by the gift of a bright new ten cent piece which he had received that day. Since that experience the lad has grown to manhood and has continued to experience the joy of "hilarious giving. " New joy and stimulus will come to the followers of the Master, who obey His instructions to give as freely as they have received.

'rIlE O L D AND 'l'1-IE NEW IN

Ancient and Modern styles in transportati on- th e birch bark canoe and the motor boat. The owner of the houseboat brought hi s chil dren from th e l nnoko region, about 200 m ile s, to be baptised Signs of Progress in Alaska The Indians of Alaska, 'l'wenty-five Years Ago and Now BY REV_ JOHN w. CHAPMAN, ANVIK, ALASKA Missionary of the Protestant Episcopal Church T HE aboriginal population of Alaska has been roughly de- nominated by the census of 1910 as Indian and Eskimo, the Aleuts being regarded as an offshoot of the Eskimo. If we were to start at the northeastern corner of Alaska, and, traveling westw-ard, keep to the shore line of the entire norther~ and western coast, past the mouths of the Yukon and Kuskokwim rivers, and round the Alaskan Peninsula, turning eastward towards Kodiak Island, we would everywhere encounter the Eskimo element nntil we reached the neighborhood of Mt. St. Elias. From there southward until we reach British territory, we would be among the coast Indians; Haidas, Tlingits, Tsimpshians and other tribes.

These Indians of South Eastern Alaska are widely known on 491

account of their carvings, totem poles, war canoes and other strik- ing products of native ingenuity. They form a different group, by language and culture, from the Indians of the vast interior of Alaska, who alone are considered in the present article.

The tribes of the interior are known variously as the Tinneh, Dene or Ten 'a. They have no totem poles, almost no carvings, in language and culture are very different from the Eskimos, and in art expression are distinctly their inferiors. Thcir language stock known as the Athapascan is more widely diffused than any other native language stock in North America. It is in use over the greater part of the interior of Alaska and Oanada, and appears as far south as the Mexican border, among the Apache and other tribes, as well as in Oalifornia.The Tinneh thinly scattered over a vast area, live entirely along the great water courses. In 1910 according to the census report, they numbered 3,916.

Dr. Dall has given us an account of the Tinneh of the Lower Yukon, as he knew them soon after the purchase of the Territory by the United States. At that time caribou and moose were abun- dant, even to the regions where the Indians of the Yukon impinge upon the Eskimos of the coast. Piamute, some three hundred miles from the coast, is the Eskimo village farthest inland on the Yukon river. Some thirty miles farther up, one comes upon the first of the Indian villages, formerly called Koserefsky, but now known as Holy Oross. Dall tells of the caches .near Koserefsky, groaning with caribou and moose meat, as well as with dried salmon. He may have added that the country abounds in ducks, geese, cranes, swans, grouse and rabbits, and that cranberries, raspberries and red and black currants are everywhere in profusion; also, that a summer hardly ever passes without a few bears being killed.

At the period of the Klondike excitement, speaking generally, conditions had not greatly changed. The Indians of the Upper River lived in tents in the winter, following the moose and caribou and coming down to the rivers in summer, to fish. Those of the lower river lived in a less sanitary way, in dugouts, indescribably filthy and covered with ve~n, and chewed dry fish until their teeth were ground down to an even line at the gums. Both sexes were much out of doors in the winter, the men hunting and the women snaring rabbits and grouse; otherwise it is hard to see . how they could have survived.

Tuberculosis was prevalent among them thirty years ago, if the ordinary indications of that affiiction are to be taken as evi- dence. It is prevalent now; but the conditions conducive to its propagation and diffusion, though bad enough, are better than they were. There is less overcrowding; and the old-time under- ground shacks have been replaced by log cabins. In nearly every instance the cabins are provided with a ventilator, and while there

SIGNS OF PROGRESS IN ALASKA

is often much that is offensive, conditions in the worst of them are better than in the best of twenty years ago, and some are irreproachably neat.

RELIGIOUS LIFE OF THE INDIANS Most of the Indians of the interior of Alaska are now nomi- nally Christians, but to say that they have made a radical depar- ture from their old beliefs and practices would perhaps be stretching the truth. In their native state, their religion was the same system of animism that is all but universal among aboriginal tribes. It is the root from which spring such observances as ancestor worship, cannibalism, head hunting, libations and sacrifices to the dead, the immolation of slaves and horses at the burial of warriors, suttee, and everywhere the glorification of the medicine man under one name or another."

The culture of the natives in contact with the Eskimo is more affected by the observances of the latter than that of the groups farther north, at Nulato, Tanana, Fort Yukon and elsewhere; but all observe the feasts for the dead, when presents of food and clothing are made to living representatives of the deceased, with the idea that the latter receiv:e a corresponding benefit. All, too, have their potlatches, where expensive presents are made to invited guests. Whole compmnities are included in the invitation, with the expectation of a return invitation to even the score. There is much formality about these affairs. It is a style of entertainment that combines the advantages of social intercourse–a welcome variation to the monotony of a long winter-with the excitement of a gambling game, and too often with the disappointment of one. Whoever else loses, the medicine men aTe winners.

With the lower river people there is a feast in mid-winter for propitiating the spirits of animals, and even of inanimate things, that success may attend the hunting and the other business of the coming season; and there is· a "feast of masks" in early spring, which may have the character of a thanksgiving. It may on the other hand, be hardly more than a joyous festival, affording an opportunity for the exercise of much ingenuity and for the expression of the artistic faculty that resides, in some form, in every people. This feast likewise enhances the prestige of the medicine men.

All these feasts have been observed with greater or less regularity up to the present time; but there are indications that they are losing their hold. . Most of them were the expression of an unaffected belief in things that the people can no longer continue to hold; and there are signs of revolt on the part of the *A succinct account of this is given in Dr. Tylor's 'Trimitive Culture," and it may be traced through a dozen volumes of Dr. Frazer's ''"The Golden Bough.1I

THE OLD STYI,E HOUSE IN ALASKA . An old fashioned Kashime. or Council H ouse, at Shazelnk. These buildings served for all gath~ enngs-aJso as work shops, guest hou ses ( fo r men) and sweat houses. T h ey -ace falling lnto d isuse; or undergoing s uch modifications resulting from the use of stoves. as makes ODe like this somethin& of a rarity.

younger generation who, as wage earners, feel the burden of their maintenance. No system organized and maintained under the direction of the medicine men could be anything else than oppressive. The system was based upon fear of occult powers, and it was hedged about with a multiplici.ty of taboos. There was constant appeal to "the traditions of the elders." For many years there was an undercurrent of resistance to the influence of the missions and the schools, from an instinctive feeling that it was hostile to the old institutions. This has broken down to a great extent. One reason for this relates tp the treatment of disease. The missionary or the school teacher has, usually, a more or less intelligent apprehension of the principles of medical practice : less, that is, than the regular physician, but far more than the native medicine man. This is quickly apprehended and the prestige of the latter is undermined. When the medicine men themselves come for treatment they can hardly hope to maintain' their influence unimpaired.

Again, the taboos break down. For example: There is an annual run of lampreys, late in the fall.' The catch, however, is uncertain; and doubtless for this reason there were a great many restrictions regarding the methods of taking them. No one whQ

19191 SIGNS OF PROGRESS IN ALASKA

A NEW STYLE HOUSE IN ALASKA bu1id:~~e~r~a~:;o~~~ f~~ P!Of:~~:~~: :~d f:e~i~ _~~ :l;:y~i:~oa~, P:::::s~hea!u!~~~' fis~l~gthhe:d been dODe before the 5now came. . The man wO,rked single handed. These removals are very frequent.

had lost a relative during the previous year was allowed to go upon the ice. Iron was not to be used upon any of the implements employed in the fishing. Young women were not allowed upon the ice. It was not permitted to make shavings on the ice, in . the probable direction of the approaching run. All these restrictions are now disregarded. There is an ·occasional murmur from some. exponent of the old school; but it produces no effect, and the younger men open the fishing holes with the miner's pick with a total indifference to the supposed disastrous results that may ensue.

There is a notion that the Indian is naturally reverent. It would be quite as true to say that he is naturally superstitious or to say that he is naturillly deceitful or ' lascivious. He is naturally very much like the white man under similar circumstances. The problems of the missionary in Alaska are not essen-. tiaIly very different from those of the pastor in the home church.

The chief difficulty of the missionary who does not expect to compromise his religion, is to get into, sympathetic cooperation with the people for the welfare of the whole. This is no more difficult, however, in Alaska than in New York.

~ RECORD OF THIRTY YEARS PROGRESS The first permanent mis- sion founded among the Indians of the Yukon val- ley by representatives of any society in the UnUed States was opened at An- vik, on the lower Yukon, in 1887, by missionaries of the Protestant Epis- copal Church. A recon- naisance had· been made the previous year by rep"

resentatives of the Ro- man Catholic Church, and the same site had been selected for begin- ning operations. In the following year, 1888, they established a permanent mission at Koserefsky, forty miles below Anvik.

This mission has grown into a flourishing estab- AN OLD TIME INDIAN OF ANVIK lishm~nt, with ru farm, cattle and horses, a staff of about a dozen missionaries and a boarding school reporting one hundred and four pupils in 1916.

The missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church have been extended to the Tanana and Koyukuk rivers. Doubtles,s the ma- jority of the Tinneh in the valley of the Yukon and its tributaries acknowledge this Church and look to it for its ministrations. It maintains a boarding school at Anvik and one at Nenana, on the Tanana river, with a total of fifty pupils. It has, also, a large hospital at Fort Yukon and another at Tanana. It maintains day schools at Anvik, at three points on the Tanana and at the mission on the Koyukuk.

The Russian Church established a mission at a point some eighty miles below the first of the Illdian villages met as one as- c('..nds the Yukon. Some of their missionaries became familiar with the Eskimo language, but their work among the Indians was done by means of interpreters. The Russian missionaries were held in reverence by the Tinneh, who accepted their baptism; and had their initial advantage been followed by a vigorous effort to enlighten and educate their converts, the history of Christianity

1919J SIGNS OF PROGRESS IN ALASKA

in the Yukon vahey might have been different. But their influ- ence has declined, and there is no indication that they expect to undertake serious work among the Yukon Tinneh. English has entirely supplanted the Russian language as a medium of communication.

In 1887, the missionaries of the Church of England had already made a deep impression upon the Tinneh of the Upper Yukon. They had taught the na- tives on the Porcupine and at Fort Yukon, and had established a station as far down the river at Tanana. This was taken over by the representatives of the Episcopal Church in the United A YOUNG INDIAN GIRL, WITH NUBILE ORNAMENTS-ANVIK States, sQon after their entrance into the field.

The Tinneh of the Yukon are Christians in name, at least.

They desire baptism for their children and have definite views as to their religious affiliations.

There are encouraging instances of devotion on the part of in- dividuals. There are discouraging instances of unfaithfulness. But .evidences of widespread and pro- found influence of the Spirit are sadly wanting. One hears of whole communities having been debauched, and o~ the efforts of those who would have befriended them having been rendered futile.

On the other hand, other commun- ities during the trying period of adjustment, have maintained their "AN OLD INDIAN WOMAN self-respect and their community A remarkable Christian Indian. At her death life has been characterized by in 1918, she was "the oldest inhabitant, having sobriety and industry. reached the age of 78·79 years. She was Qur first communicant at Anvik

REASONS FOR ENCOURAGEMENT Looking to the future, there are some grounds for a hODe that it will be brighter that the past. That a new country like Alaska should have passed a stringent liquor law, reveals a state of public sentiment that is a cause for thanksgiving. Again, the administration of justice through the medium of the courts, and ~he interests of the judiciary in the progress of the native races gives the native a new incentive to pursue higher standards. Signs are not wanting that this kindly interest is appreciated. All over Alaska the formation of local native councils has begun and is making progress. These councils may be able to act only in an advisory capacity; but they exercise a great deal of influence, nevertheless. – They give tone to local sentiment and furnish an education in the art of self-government. Instances are not lacking where members of a local council have called their own relatives to account for practices that were harmful to the community. The friendly cooperation between the natives and the white population, that has been brought about through these councils, promises to become one of the most beneficial and far reaching means of helpfulness that has been brought to light. It involves self-help, effort and sacrifice; and where these are present success is by no means a vain expectation.

A word in conclusion, as to the relation of the American Government to the Indians of Alaska.

Interference with the old manner of life of the Indian is inevitable, but two or three things are a source of confusion to the Indian mind. He is required, by the existing law, to procure a marriage license before he is permitted to marry. As things are with us, this involves a winter journey of two hundred miles for both parties and no favors from the weather, as one of the amenities of the courtship. Are we trying to put a premium on immorality'

Game laws in some fonn are necessary; but is a blanket law for the whole of Alaska necessary, and might not the Indian himself properly be consulted as an authority as to its necessity in his own 10caiityT He knows as much about local conditions as anyone else, and more than the men who make the laws. The native councils might very well be permitted to have something to say about such a matter. Again, lax or partial administration of the game laws must have the effect of making the Indian contemptuous and tricky.

SOMJ;; OF THE; CHILDRJ,;N OF ALL NATIONS-A CLAIM ON CHRISTIAN AMJ;;lUCA

A Church of All Nations THE STORY OF THE MORGAN MEMORIAL IN BOSTON BY REV. E. J. HELMS, BOSTON, MASS.

T HE Rev. Henry Morgan, an inde.pendent Methodist preacher, founded the Morgan Chapel some sixty years ago. While Mr. Morgan was converted at a Methodist altar and for the most part believed in Methodist theology and discipline, in two particulars he differed so radically that he could not be received into the New :BJngland Oonference of the Methodist Episcopal Ohurch. First, Mr. Morgan insisted on immersing all his converts, and second, he insisted on staying in one charge as long as he pleased. He was therefore ordained an independent Methodist preacher. .He felt called to the poor and sinful of the city. When the Church of Disciples, of which Dr. James Freeman Clarke was pastor, was leaving the south end of Boston because of the incoming of a lower type of citizens, Mr. Morgan, with the help of Governor Clafiin, purchased the old place of worship on Indiana Place and sought to stem the tides of sin. Other churches and helpful institutions moved away, and the coinmunity became the notorious red light district of the south end.

Mr. Morgan died, but his church could not be moved, for in his will he had left it to a Unitarian Board of trustees on condition that they should maintain the work in charge of a Methodist preacher of the New England Conference. In case Unitarians· or 499

Methodists should fail, the property was to revert to the Boston Y. M. C. A. For more than a quarter of a century religious services of the conventional order were carried on iu the building, but without any visible results.

More than twenty years ago a new pastor was put in charge of the work and came with a burning desire to save the community. For ten years his chief contest was with organized vice. In time, righteousness won and into the houses where licentiousness and gambling had reigned there came multitudes of poor foreigners.

To deal with the abounding childhood a children's settlement was organized, with day nursery, kindergarten, industrial schools, music s(lhool, gymnasium and many social and educational clubs and classes. Work for children could be carried on in English, but to reach the adult community other languages must be used. A survey of the community showed that over 93% were foreigners. Twenty-eight nationalities were registered in the children's settlemerit. The leading people were Russians, Italians, Syrians, Greeks, Negroes and Irish.

Sixteen years ago the old chapel had become unsafe and the Unitarian trustees erected a new building, which was soon overfull with many activities. The expense of the work was greater and the character of the industrial mission was not such as the Unitarian trustees cared to continue, so that they allowed the property to be sold under the mortgage and the trust was brought to an end.

A new Board of trustees was formed under the Methodist Episcopal Church, the property was taken over and soon freed from debt. The progress during the past ten years has been remarkable. The children's settlement has been greatly enlarged and now ministers to more than 1200 children weekly. The industrial work occupies two large buildings containing seven floors with 8000 square feet on a floor in addition to several smaller buildings. About 4000 destitute persons are given work every year and those capable are taught trades. They also make over discarded shoes, furniture, clothing, etc., contributed by the public. Last year these poor folks were paid over $75,000. in wages. AU come asking for work. This department has been adopted by the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Other great cities of the world are to have Goodwill Industries on this order established in their midst. Missionaries in Chiria, Korea, India and South America are also asking for similar enterprises.

Three years ago the pastor was allowed to carry out a long cherished plan for rescue work. The plan grew out of years of experience with the outcasts of society. As a .memorial to the late Sheriff Seavey, his sister, Mrs. David Floyd, has made it

THE PEOPLE OF ALL NATIONS LIVE IN BO

KEEPING THE CHILREN OFF THE STRE:ET AND 'rRAINING THEM FOR LIFE SOl A COMMUNITY MJ<;J<;TING OF ALl:, NATIONS-OUTSIDE THE CHURCH S02 TEACHING THE BOYS OF ALL NATIONS '1'0 BE USEFUL CI'l'IZENS S03

possible to erect a seven story building known as the Fred H. Seavey Seminary Settlement. On the two upper floors married students of the Boston University School of Theology live with their families. Three floors below are used to lodge rescued men in different grades of development. A library and social room occupies the second floor, and a dining room is on the first floor. In the Mission Hall in the basement Gospel meetings are held every night.

In charge of this work there is a carefully selected staff. A ·social secretary gives an understanding welcome to the "downand-outer. " He was a bartender in Boston four years ago. He is assisted by an industrial director who finds work for unfortunates and places them at the right jobs. The resident physician examines and prescribes for every man; a dentist looks after the teeth .and a psychologist gives to each one before promotion a careful test, such as the government has been giving to its officers during the war. A minister from the Church of All Nations also is on the staff at Seavey Settlement, and no man can be there long without coming into helpful contact with every one of the staff. The resuits are phenomenal.

Last s.ummer the new $200,000" Church of All Nations" was completed and dedicated. It is a beautiful Gothic structure on Shawmut Avenue. The exterior front contains the identical stones used in the Second Unitarian Church of Boston when Ralph Waldo Emerson was its pastor. When that structure was being demolished on Copley Square an admirer of the English Gothic front purchased it, had every stone marked and stored until the Church -of All Nations was built.

The interior is even more beautiful than the exterior. Every part of the auditorium speaks of worship, and appeals to the religious instincts of the people who live in the neighborhood. Pastors who use the various. tongues are being installed to work among their people. In the chapels, classes are held during the week for groups who are taught English and are trained for American citizenship. All join the one democratic Christian "Church of ~tll Nations." Two services are held in English for ,all who can understand. Holy Communion is observed every Sunday morning.

The results are most encouraging and the. work is filling a manifest need. Its ministry is constantly sought by the community for spiritual as well as for material and social needs. It seeks to make American democracy Christian.

Tithing Worth While?

BY HARVEY REEVES CALKINS, NEW YORK CITY Editorial Director of the Stewardship Movement in the Methodist Episcopal Church I s worship worth while' Does loyalty pay? And fellowship, and character, and honor, have they abiding value 7 Slowly, very slowly, the principle of the tithe is emerging out of the mental mist that has obscured it. Without question this anciently designated portion is being reinstated in the working program of the Kingdom, from which it was severed in past centuries by a legalistic interpretation. But, before the tithe can come back in its primal simplicity azid strength, it must be freed from a modern incubus that has been laid upon it-that it is "God's financial plan for maintaining His Kingdom."

Granite is an enduring foundation, but it makes an indifferent grindstone. When the foundation principle of the tithe is pressed into a financial campaign, in order to turn money into depleted church treasuries, or provide for a missionary budget, it is an act of violence against the whole structure of Christian doctrine. Nevertheless, in spite of petty notions concerning it, the tithe still abides. When a minister preaches the tithe for the sake of the budget he has cheapened a. great message. It is for this reason that many ministers will not preach the tithe at all, and many laymen will not accept it. Even truth, when proclaimed for revenue, awakens suspidon.

First of all, our view-point must be Christian. Jesus Christ did not teach merely the words of a Book; He taught the heart and spirit of things hidden in the depths of the Book. Hate in the heart is murder; a lewd look is adultery; love is the fulfilling of the law. Such teaching gets into the marrow of things. Christian doctrine is not confined to the letter, it is the Spirit that gives life. Therefore when an intelligent Christian speaks of "the law of the Lord," he means that hidden but vital element of truth which proceeds from the nature of God Himself. The form of it may be ex- pressed in words, but not the living heart of it. For this there is no speech nor language; its voice cannot be heard.

Whatever may have been the Old Testament requirements concerning the tithe of Jehovah, and whatever may be the New Testament suggestions concerning this same separated portion, we are to seek with knowledge to discern the wide meaning of it all. If the tithe is to have any place in Christian propaganda there must be found for it spiritual depth and permanency.

To set apart and administer a tenth of one's income, as an acknowledgment of God's ownership, is fitting. It is God's "way"

505

and to the intelligent Christian this is final. The legalist looks for a statute, the verbalist runs his references, but the Christian, with whom is the mind of the Master, seeks a principle of life.

The principle of the tithe springs from two root theses in re- ligion and ethics and from a single corollary in historic criticism.

1. The Fact of Divine Personality. Divine ownership, in which the whole program of Christian stewardship has its rise, in meaningless apart from divine Personality. Pagan and semi- pagan theories, in place of God, crowd impudentlY-"universal reason," "natural law," "cosmic force," "divine principle," and . the rest. But Christian thinking is not to be caught in a Stoic or pagan interpretation of God-"the Supreme Pers~:m in a world of persons."

2. The Nature of Property. Property is value related to per- sonality; that is what makes it "property." Human dominion, which may be called derived ownership, postulates human personal- ity. In a high and exalted sense, as between God and man, the nature of property remains unchanged because the basis of it reo mains unchanged. It inheres in the fact of divine personality. In the Stoic, or Greek conception, which disastrously has influenced Christian ethics, property is a human institution, because in the Stoic conception Deity is conceived in terms of impersonality, and "ownership" is an impossible postulate. Christian stew- ardship insists that the Christian basiE of property, divine owner- ship, shall be made the practical basis of a Christian program. Only thus shall be erected social justice and human brotherhood.

3. The Corollary of the Separated Portion. God's ownership must be acknowledged. How~ In any way that the sovereign Owner shall determine. The simplest way and easiest for the "other person" to understand-the way God ordained ages ago- is for the Owner to designate a certain portion of the possession and say, "Do not touch this, it is intended for a special purpose." The reason is perfectly apparent. Unless the dominion of the Owner constantly is kept in mind, the "other person" will confuse possession with dominion. The doorway of the mind constantly must be guarded.

The corollary of the separated portion is illustrated perfectly in the old Eden story. The separated portion, the portion named by God, is the Father's memory token to safeguard the man whom He has made. . To confuse possession with dominion is to obscure the fact of divine ownership, and thus to become unaware of the divine Personality. The fogs and mists of paganism-thinking of Deity in terms of impersonality, with idolatry as its inevitable accompaniment-will close round the spirit created for comrade- ship with God. But the Father safeguards his child. It is not the value held, it is the value withheld, that challenges attention

19191 IS TITHING WORTH WHILE?

and proclaims ownership. Every day, conscious of the portion that he may not· touch, the man remembers God the Owner of all– until, one day, he abused his trust and separated himself from the heavenly communion. The old Eden story is majestic and changeless in ethical and religious teaching!

The corollary of the separated portion is illustrated further by the fact that the tenth of income, as a uniform portion to be set apart for religious use, was recognized by several of the ancient nations and suggests a common tradition. The tithe of Jehovah definitely was commanded at the beginning of the Jewish nation and was observed throughout the history of the chosen people.

Now, in naming the tenth, there is no suggestion of legalism, that "eternal triangle" (the law, the curse, the blessing), which always is the same hard and pagan thing no matter whether it is found in a Hindu temple, or a Mohammedan mosque, or a Christian church. "With freedom did Christ set us free." No compulsion, as of the law, shall entangle us again in a yoke of bondage. Nevertheless, while a Christian must be free, he is not at liberty to look away from reasonable evidence.

The case is this: A Christian man holds in possession certain values which he recognizes to be the Lord's. To him Deity is not a philosophic conception but is the personal and living God. He desires to acknowledge God's ownership and is fmniliar with the principle of the separated portion. As to the amount which he shall separate he asks with open mind, "What amount would be fitting 1" The history of Israel enables him to set down certain facts that bear upon his inquiry; Because Christian intelligence seeks to discern the loving desire of our Father, and Christian loyalty leaps to perform it, the tithe emerges as the basis of his acknowledgment and the beginning of his stewardship. This is the realm of high spirtual ethics.

Two conclusions seem unavoidable. First, if a man omits acknowledgment of the divine mvnership, except in such amount as may sult his present convenience, he has committed the sin of presumption and is entitled to the stinging rebuke of the prophet, "Will a man rob God1"

Second, if, in the face of God's revealed will and of voluminous human testimony, a man insists that he has received special illumination to set apart some other portion, rather than a tenth, he is fairly entitled to ask himself if he be not self-deceived.

In the case of those kingly s'Ouls who say, "I should give a fifth of my income, or a half; a tenth does not represent my ability to give"-they simply have confused acknowledgment with steward~ ship. The former is an obligation of honor, the latter is a program of partnership. If a man is poor in substance, though rich in faithfulness, the living Lord will make up to him whatsoever he

shall lack. Let him therefore pay his tenth ungrudgingly and thus humbly challenge the faithfulness of God. If a man's material wealth increases, a tenth still is his acknowledgment; after this is rep.dered, let his gifts be according to his partnership. But let poor and rich together acknowledge the sovel'eignty of their cammon Lord.

In the furtherance of the Christian Stewardship Movement, it is possible that enthusiastic tithers may have pressed Old and New Testament teachings farther than the Scriptures warrant. Surely such enthusiasm may be treated with indulgence, especially when we remember the abysmal indifference against which stewardship principles must make heudway. No demand is made concerning the separated portion, except this: That the Christian shall, after study and prayer, have reasonable assurance in his own mind that the portion set apart as acknowledgment is one that is pleasing unto God.

It is here that the tithe "bites," as Robert Speer trenchantly remarks, and the preaching of it compels attention and sometimes disquiet. The. non-tither is required to state clearly to his own mind his reason for withholding the portion definitely recognized to have been the will of God in other centuries and suggestive of our Father's desire for His children. It will not do to beg the question and say, "Some men can give much more," and "Some ought not to give so much," for this is not a question of "free will offering" or beneficence but of acknowledgment.

At bottom the difficulty is this: most of us, though we talk largely of "democracy," have not yet learned the democratic principle of team-work under majority rules. We carry our protestant insistence on private judgment to an autocratic and destructive conclusion. We insist on private signals though we spoil the game J But to men who are accustomed to take counsel, and who study God's dealings with other men "by way of example," it comes as a compulsion of Christian loyalty to set apart the portion which they are sure God did name until they are very sure that God has named for them another.

The Church has no call to separate a man from his money. To attempt it under whatsoever name of human betterment, or in furtherance ·of any so-called "financial plan," is to commit violence against a righteous human instinct, the instinct of possession. But the Church has a call to set forth the profound and intimate relation which exists between a man and his money. That relation constitutes a trust. The terms of the trust already are established and the trust itself is defined and developed in the Christian law of stewardship. The rendering of the tithe is the acknowledgment of the trust and the beginning of its administration.

Is tithing worth while? If the foregoing paragraphs are cor-

IS TITHING WORTH WHILE?

rect in 'principle and clear in statement, then it is superfluous to revert to the question which stands as a caption at the head of this article. The tithe will take care of the Kingdom-that is plain, although church support is not the basis on which the tithe is builded. The tithe is one hundred per cent efficiency-that has been demonstrated, times over, although efficiency is not the keyword of this life-giving program of the Lord. Tithing is "worth while "-not the results of it, but tithing itself-as worship and honor, and loyalty are worth while.

Christian testimony has established two facts of general experience-tithing, as' a financial plan, brings personal prosperity and church efficiency. But these facts of experience should not be over-stressed. Habits of thrift, care and accuracy, encouraged by tithing, would tend to produce these results, in any case, without claiming for the tithe a special or divine sanction. It does not require mathematical genius to "cipher" the sum total that would be brought into the Kingdom if OhriJstian people would set apart a tenth for this purpose-the average of income in America is known, and church members have their equitable share.

It is quite possible to produce an argument that tithing is worth while purely as a financial expedient. Unhappily such arguments frequently present the tithe as a painted jack-in-the-box, quoting Scripture, in order to cajole unintelligent and unwilling church members into supporting the Kingdom, and yet with scant reference to spiritual and Christian ideals. For the sake of reverence let such arguments be built up-for they can be-without ex parte quotations from the Word of God. With the principle of the tithe recognized in Christian ethics, its efficiency and expediency readily will appear. From any large Christian viewpoint the tithe is "worth while," as in ancient days, because it is the acknowledgment of God's ownership, of' His sovereignty-lest a man fall into the easy mistake of thinking that he "owns" what he is given only to "possess," and sin lift its head of pride in God's own presence. . But the tithe is worth while for a different reason, a more human reason, than any we have named. It is the "heaven side" of a majestic sphere. The tithe reveals the goodness of God. The purpose of it is to enlarge the man himself. The blessing of obedience enriches the Kingdom only because it enriches the man.' The tithe is God's memory token. It is the Father's sweet care for· a man when most the man needs caring for-when he is maki ng and spending money.,

ARMENIAN REFUGEES COMING DOWN FROM Ml'. ZION, JERSUSALElI1

(Note old woman carrying her grown daughter)

of Liberated

BY MAJOR STEPHEN TROWBRIDGE, ALEPPO, SYRIA Member of the American Red Cross Commission to Palestine A BIG British transport steamed slowly through the Surz Canal, approaching Port Said. The decks were covered with men in khaki returning from Mesopotamia and along the rails of the lower decks were crowded 586 Armenian refugees from Bagh- dad. Scarcely a man was to be se£'n among them and very few middle aged or old women. The majority were young women and children. Here was one of the waves of the war, started upon its course by the tempest of cruelty which raged in Asia Minor, Ar- menia, Kurdistan and Northern Mesopotamia. The Turkish Gov- ernment, with calculating malice and brutal effectiveness, had driven southward and eastward into exile hundreds of thousands of the Armenian race. The British forces entering Baghdad and Rama- dieh found many fragments of these Armenian people shut up in Arab huts and tents and city houses. Orders were issued to lib- erate every refugee and gather all in Baghdad. The widows and orphans were placed under the care of Dr. Lavy, American Consul and representative of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief. In seven or eight months thousands of the de- portees were set free from their humiliating bondage in the plains of Nineveh and Babylon and many found employment in the mar- ket of Baghdad or in the camps about the city. But the girls and young women had been ~hrough such an odyssey of suffering, and so many of the little children were orphans, without even a relative to volunteer to care for them, that the British authorities decided to send these 586 down the Tigris and around Arabia to the refugee camp on the sands at Port Said-a name meaning "the Blessed Haven." Scarcely any of these Armenians wish to emi- grate to North or South America. From every corner of the prov- inces of Turkey have these people come and they are intent upon returning to their home towns. This is the desire, although they know that their houses have been looted and occupied by the Turks or have been burned to ashes. They look to the British to protect them and have strangely bright and persistent hopes that they will find at least some of their men folk still in the land of the living. .

The tragic narratives of these people show what a shame it would be if America and the Allies should compromise with the Turkish Government or deal leniently in the final terms. It is not a question of restricting the Turks. They should not be allowed to maintain any fraction of power, for they do not govern and do not know what government is. The Turks, the Circassians and the Sl1

DISTRIBUTING BIBLES TO THF; RF;FUGF;ES The Gregorian priest is distributing Bibles of the British and Foreign Bible Society to the school , children at Port Said Kurds wreck and ruin everything they touch. They are never con~ structive, but only destructive and their alliance with Germanyhas made them worse than before. The Arabs, too, have used the dreadful opportunity to violate and steal. Let the Armenian women and girls give their own statements. And I who have seen their scars and have watched their faces and their eyes as they speak, can vouch for the veracity of the witness they bear.

. Aghavrii came from Solos in the province of Brousa. Aghavni means "Dove" in Armenian. Solos was an entirely Armenian village of more than eight hundred families.

"All of us were driven out in the deportations of the summer of 1915. My husband was drafted and sent to the Dardanelles. Whether he was killed or not I do not know. I have lost him completely. Chazar was his name and he was a stonemason by trade. I was still counted a bride though we had been married three years. My little boy .could . not stand the marching in the summer heat and he died on the road from sunstroke. My father, mother and sister were ordered to stay for a time in Konia. I was told to move on. Later I heard that my father had died at Masken near Aleppo. My older brother, twenty-two years of age, died of hunger, and my little brother, a lad of ten, perished from the cold in December in the foothills of the Taurus. My third brother, age eighteen, was seized by the Circassians at Dier Zoar on the Euphrates and cut to pieces. I was made a servant iI an Arab hut. From that house I was roughly turned out and taken by another Arab to Ramadieh, far to the southeast. When the British advanced from the direction of Baghdad the Arab locked me up, but I knocked and called and at last they heard me."

STORIES OF LIBERATED ARMENIANS

"What is your idea of the British" I asked.

"God bless them one and all. They saved our lives, and had they come · sooner they would have saved thousands more. I can never express to you how very kind they were. They took us to a large comfortable house in Baghdad where each of us was given a bed. The American Consul, Dr.

Lavy, took care of us."

"What are the scars on your forehead, your cheeks and your chin?"

"The Arabs had tatooed me with indigo, after the manner of Moham- medan women and when I was set free I felt the .shame of these marks so keenly that I persuaded a British doctor to cauterize each spot. I ·would rather be disfigured than branded as I was before." .

The story of Kronik, the wife of Toros Karasarkisian of Bilejik near Brousa is as follows: "My husband was a carpenter and was sent by the army to work at Kerkuk, near Baghdad. Then our family made the long journey and joined him. My brother-in-law, who was a sergeant in the Kerkuk garrison, was taken to Bitlis. One night he was strangled, then slashed to death, as I know from eye-witnesses who escaped. A telegram was sent to his wife to say that he died in hospit.al." (Note the craft of sending this telegram to avoid any punishment after the war, if the British should make an enquiry.) "My little girl Anna was scarcely two when the Turkish mounted police came and tied my husband hand and foot and dragged him AMBIAN WOMF;N RF;FUGF;F;S FLF;F;ING ACROSS THF; DESF;RT

off to Mosul. They charged him with being a spy. This was utterly false. He always stuck to his trade and never mixed in political affairs. I have never since heard a word from him.

"Beautiful young girls., even some five and six years old, were violated by the Turks, especially the Army officers, and were then passed on to the Arabs, Circassians and Kurds. They dragged the girls by the hair and arms. Everyone over eight was violated and they were then thrown out, in a terrible condition, crying bitterly and were left to wend their way into the towns to beg for bread. Ve were tatooed by force, our arms and feet being firmly bound beforehand.

"The English sought out every house in Baghdad and freed the women and children. They opened an orphanage and Consul Lavy, who was put in charge, cared for us with gifts from America."

Santoukht of Sivas is a most attractive girl, fourteen years of age, with an inexpressible sadness in her face. Her father died of typhus before the deportation. Her brother, twenty-five years of age, was drafted into the Turkish army and has not been seen since.

Santoukht and her mother were ordered to take the road to Aleppo. They were driven purposely by waterless routes from Aleppo to Deir Zoar and the mounted police kept them away from the wells so that they were obliged to drink foul water. Her mother became exhausted and was just able to drag herself along. After two days without water they came to a filthy greenish pool, into which a corpse and a camel had been thrown the day before. The mother was so weak and so parched that she bowed herself down and drank of this awful water and soon afterward died in great pain.

Santoukht had a sister with two babies, and on the way to Aleppo the soldiers separated the sisters saying, "Let whoever will have these two." At Kerkuk (near Bagdad) a Turk sent his wife to the bath one day and dragged Santoukht into his house. For nearly a year he kept her secretly as a slave. When the English entered the town she escaped, pregnant, and appealed to an English officer who rescued her and took care of her like a father.

Angele of Akshehir, province: of Kania, fourteen years old, is a large plump rosy girl with blue. eyes and soft brown hair, a good evidence of Dr. Lavy's generous care during the months of convalescence. She told me this pitiful story: "My father by paying a £45. tax according to Turkish law had been let off from military service, so VI hen the deportation orders came my mother and father, my sister eighteen years old, my two brothers and myself all went off together. Most of the Armenians leaving Akshehir had to walk or hire wagons, but by paying one pound each through a brakeman on the railway we managed to board a cattle car as far as Bozanti in Konia province in the Taurus Mountains. 'I'hence we marched to Osmanieh and Maskanieh. By paying two pounds each we secured a raft and floated down the Euphrates, for our orders were to proceed to Deir Zoar.

"From there we went on foot to Miadin where the Arabs tortured my father until he died of fever and fear. The Turkish guards now drove us off into the Eastern desert, a fearfully hot waste, with no trees or grass, or inhabitants. The guards picked out all the boys above ten and shot them.

e..n

en MAJOR STEPHEN TROWBRIDGE TELLING BIBLE STORIES TO RESCUED CHILDREN IN JERUSALEM

My big brother was also dragged off in this way and put to death. We were withdrawn by the Circassians one hour from the village, to a certain hiIl, twelve or fourteen were taken at a time, heads cut off and the bodies thrown into a large hewn tank which had served as a reservoir or well.

"When my group was taken the well was full. The Circassians had become tired of the horrid work and they threw me unwounded into the' reservoir where I fell in the midst of the bleeding corpses. By and by some Arabs of the worst sort came and dragged out the bodies to steal the clothing, They stripped off my dress and threw me back again. I was too nauseated and too terrified to speak or to resist. The cries of the living were awful. Some were suffocated by bodies thrown in by the Circassians. When I cried for mercy an Arab came and slashed my arm, and as he' climbed past me he struck me on the head. Then a Circassian noticed that I was slowly crawling out and he fired, wounding me in the foot.

"For six days I was in that terrible place, without food or drink. My lips became cracked and parched from thirst so that I rubbed blood on them to moisten them. I longed to die and prayed to God mercifully to shorten my agony. After the first day there was an awful stench. The Circassians, looting and reviling, ordered the Arabs to gather brushwood and burn the bodies in the tank. 'Ve who still survived dragged ourselves to the farthest corner. Brush was thrown in and then splashed with petroleum and set on fire. There were piteous cries as the smoke and flames spread in our direction.

Here the girl broke down and it was some time before she could continue her narrative.

"Finally an Arab came and found me and declared that he would take me to be his wife. An Arab woman standing at the mouth of the tank said, 'Leave her alone. She is smeared with blood and she is. deformed bv her. wounds. She will die anyway.' But the Arab replied, 'If she lives she is ours. If she dies what do we care? I am going to take her.' He carried me to a stream, utterly exhausted and nauseated. Here he brought me some water to wash, and some coarse bread. But I could not eat it that day. For six months I lay sick and wounded, outside the Arab's goats' hair tents. My wounds festered at first but slowly began to heal. An aged Arab took pity and bound them up and changed the rags once in a while. At last I recovered.

"These Arabs migrated and sold me for three lean sheep to people of the town of Ramadieh. A small Armenian boy went and told the British soldiers that a Christian girl named Angele was held as a servant in a certain Arab house in Ramadieh. The British came into the house and gave. me medical treatment and set me free. They put me in a lorry and sent me to Baghdad. And now God has given me strength to recover and to make the journey to Port Said."

Seranoush Ghazarian of Tokat is a beautiful girl of thirteen, with clear skin and dark eyes and curly brown hair. She bears conspicuous tatoo marks upon her forehead, nose, cheeks, chin and wrists. B~ nature she is a graceful, gentle girl, and through her. experiences an infinite sadness has come into her face. It was with. an effort that she controlled her sobs and told of her experience in the deserts. She was nine years old when set out on the march with her mother, aunt and cousins. Her father was bound and carried

~TOl{!ES" OF LIBERATED ARMENIANS

off to Sivas where he was killed. Her aunt died of thirst in the mountains.

At last they came to a stream and drank and drank. The Turks commanded them all to become Moslems but they refused to deny Christ.

The Turks took the young cousin by force, after beating the mother for objecting. One of the Aflab women seized Seranoush by the arm and threw her into the stream, but afterwards dragged her out and made her a slave.

She WIllS so ill from exhaustion that she could not eat and was so wasted and thin that the Arabs counted her as good for nothing and abandoned her. Then an Arab from a different tribe found her and an Arab woman took care of the child after a fashion. Later she was given in marriage to a cer- tain Arob who sometimes petted her "and again he beat her. He was forty years of age and kept the ten-year-old wife for about fourteen months.

An Armenian steward from Dr.

Lavy's orphanage came to buy dates and discovered Seranoush and several other girls. An Ar- menian young man was sent from Bagdad on horseback to rescue her, but as she was dressed in ragged Arab clothes and her skin was tanned and tatooed, he did not know that she was an Armenian girl when he passed her in the mar- ket-place. As she walked by him SAVE;D AT LAST I a second time she quickly made the sign of the Cross and in a moment On;re~fo~~~ ~~~di~3 – ~r~e:r~sio~rl:ch~~r i~ad he had her with him in the saddle her old mountain home and galloped away. This young man rescued perhaps forty young girls. The older girls had Amb babies and for utter shame they dare not go to the home provided by the American Consul. So they remained in Felluja for some time and refused to disclose their identity.

Among the 586 survivors who have reached the shelter of the

refugee camp at Port Said there are 200 women, five infants, six- men, 186 girls and 189 boys. The American Red Cross Commission to Palestine and the Near East maintains a diet kitchen where 1,235 convalescents and young children are provided for daily. A group of industrial shops have been started where embroidery, refugee garments, army shirts, wooden combs, blue cotton cloth, woolen rugs and many other useful things are made. The Red Cross has also provided baths and school tents, and has built a children's ward as part of the camp hospital. In a large tent near the Suez Oanal eighty lively children have the happiest kind of a time in their day nursery. The camp is administered by British officers serving under General Allenby, but much of the actual relief distribu.tion and the employment of more than one thousand of the refugees is entrusted to the American Red Cross. Oaptain J. A. Brown, formerly of the faculty of the Syrian Protestant College, Beirut, Syria, i.s the Red Oross officer commanding. He is ably assisted by Lieutenants Loehr and MacQuiston and by Miss Kinney, Miss Putney, Miss Blake and Miss Oampion. There is a good team spirit, and America has, through these representatives, won the esteem and affection and fervent gratitude of these eight thousand homeless Armenians.

A Christian Service Program for Europe BISHOP THEODORE S. HENDERSON, DETROIT, MICHIGAN Executive Secretary of the War Emergency and Reconstruction Department of the Methodist Episcopal Church .

M ILLIONS of people in every country of Europe have no connection with any church. ,These people should be in- cluded in the reconstruction program of the American churches. The idea of social service also has been omitted from European religious systems, and this should be interpreted to them from a definitely Ohristian angle and put into practice with com- mon sense. .An investigating committee of the Methodist Episcopal Ohurch went to Europe recently and were received by both the president of France and the king of Italy, as well as by many local officials. Marshal Joffre, himself a Protestant, expressed his personal joy that the Anlerican Ohurch was going to aid' in reconstruction. In speaking of the needs of the French people, he said: "They will need not merely material assistance. Moral help will be required also, for there is bound to be a tendency to let down morally in the face of such great losses and destruction."

Both the French and Italian g'overnments furnished official

A CHRISTIAN SERVICE PROCRAM FOR

RF;SULTS OF THF; WAR AT NOYON, NORTHERN FRANCE-THE BIRTHPLACE OF JOHN CALVIN cars and guides so that the deputation might go through the devastated areas and form some idea of the physical needs .of the people. What we saw, we can never make the people at home realize.

In restoring the villages and relieving the population, we must in many cases help existing agencies rather than establish

additional work. For instance we are helping the Committee of llilhabilitation of the French Protestant Church, and are contrib- uting to Signor Bergamini's hospital for the care of Italian tuber- oular children.

As the result of the recent studies in Europe, the Methodist Episoopal Church has decided to engage in three main lines of service; namely, work among the orphans, in large cities, and- rehabilitation of devastated areas.

Care for the orphans was naturally one of the earliest forms of relief work. As the children came across the Swiss border or d9Wll from northern France, Dr. Bysshe, of the Frenoh Methodist mission, made a home for them in an old chateau at Grenoble.

•. One typical case is that of an eleven-year-old Alsatian girl ntwied Katherine, the eldest of five ohildren. At the beginning of the war a bomb struck their home and killed her father. Later, the mother aided a French soldier by giving him some of her hus- b~nd's clothes and for this the Germans shot her as a spy. As the head of the family, Katherine gathered her brothers around her, took the baby in her arms, and joined the throng of refugees who were hurrying toward Nancy. Just before they reached the oity, one of the little boys died of fatigue. The others reached Nancy and a French Protestant chaplain sent them to the Grenoble home.

At the close of the war there were four of these orphan homes in France and one in Italy. What shall be done with· regard to tl).ese institutions? The problem of the children is, fortunately, only temporary. After a few years, they will be able to care for themselves, but foundations for other work have been laid and must be conserved. At Charneu, near Lyons, orphan boys are cared for on a 250 acre farm, where they are trained and where the practical application of religion to agriculture is demonstrated. The old French methods of agriculture will have to be modified as a result of the war, and at this farm the people will learn to use machinery in place of the destroyed man-power. One orphan- age is to be established on the Marne battle field to commemorate the victory won with the aid of. American forces.

We expect also to establish a general trade school and a de- partment to train some of the boys for leadership in rural churches. Another agricultural experiment and demonstration station is to be founded in Sicily, one in the Jugo-Slav state, and one in Bul- . garia.

Naples is a type of the city work of the Methodist Church in Italy. The mission has been there for a number of years and has a four~story central building, two floors of which are being used for orphans. Signor Riccardo Santi a year ago took two children into his home and he now has eighty. The boys and girls should

A CHRISTIAN SERVICE PROGRAM FOR EUROPE

be moved to the suburbs and the space used for other work more needed in the city. One immediate necessity is for a day nursery. A clinic will naturally follow the establishment of the nursery.

Since Naples is a great port, there should be work for sailors and emigrants and we are going to establish a sailors' home with gymnasium, shower baths, and a canteen. For the thousands of Italians who come to the United States we hope to open a bureau which will teach the beginnings of Amerioanization. We 'are going to have classes for teaching simple English so that when the Italians reach the United States they can be understood.

Much of the work of rehabilitation will be in the devastated regions of Italia Irredenta. The Methodist Episcopal Church hrus been established in Italy for forty years, and we can rely upop native leadership to carry on much of the work of reconstruction. A FRENCH GIRt~~~NING AGAIN TO These Italians are intense patriots and are eager to take up the· work of rebuilding their country. More than a year ago during the darkest days of the war, when the Austrian army was oooupying northern Italy, they expressed their faith in ultimate victory by voting to hold their 1919 Conference in Trieste. Another reason for working in Haly is that fewer relief agencies are operating in that territory although the need is equally great. Where the Austrians invaded Italy there are places where not one house is standing and others where there was not left a window, not a piece of furniture. The farms have been stripped of everything-live stock, implements, everything. How can a man rehabilitate his home when he has nothing to start with, no implements, stock furniture, or windowsT Naturally in regions like these the religious appeal must come first through milk and blankets rather that through sermons and tracts. Throughout the devastated country relief stations have been opened under the charge of an Italian pastor and, if possible, a district nurse. Later we may begin the organization of churches, but first we must relieve physical distress.

Interview With Dr. Ebina of

BY THE REV. WM. J. HUTCHINS OF OBERLIN Mr. Hutchins is on a tour of the Asiatic mission fields with Dr. Sherwood Eddy and sends this illleresting item from Tokyo, describing his conversation with one of the leading Japanese Christian preachers.

The day after Christmas Mr. Davis escorted us to the home of the able and eloquent pastor of the most important Congregu.tional (Kumai) church in Tokyo. Dr. Ebina is a pupil of the elder Dr. Davis of the Doshisha. At the door of his dainty home, we took off our clumsy western shoes, and were welcomed to a room, in which were European chairs and table, a reed organ, and a revolving book-case filled with theological and philosophical books. The pastor met us with beautiful grace and talked in better English than we could command.

We asked him of church federation in Japan. He said, "We are getting along very well together. TJJ.ere are some laymen who would like to have one united Church of Christ in Japan, but I do not think that this will come." "Would you say that more missionaries were now needed in Japan1" "Yes; now more than ever. The old Japan died in 1868. Then came the new Japan of Father Davis's time, the Japan wllich welcomed the new material civilization of the West. Our statesmen went first to America, but found her t60 democratic. They then studied England, a monarchy, but soon discovered that she was a democracy. Then Marquis Ito went to Germany, and found what he wanted, and framed a constitution with Germany in view. Soon our. educational and military systems were fashioned on the lines drawn by Germany. In reading German books, I have seen that our teachers have used German philosophy to support their ideas of government. Until last July, most of our leaders believed that Germany would win the war. They thought that Wilson. and the English leaders were hypocrites. And now that Germany is defeated, they do not know what to do. The Japan of Father Davis's time is now dead, and there is a new Japan, with new ideals and new hopes. America began the work of enlightenment in Japan i but she has not kept it up. She has simply made good the losses by death and retirement. She must now complete the work which she began. If she does . not, I dread to think of the developments of the next ten or fifteen years."

This prophet of the new social order has in his church a resident membership of 600, and ministers to many teachers and students of the capital.

522

Aspects of Modern

BY A RESIDENT OF SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH T HE Mormon leaders having full authority in the church are able to launch surprises or to do unexpected things. In view of the whispering among certain members of the Mormon church that new plural marriages are being winked at by the authorities, and in view of rather outspoken surmises by freethinking outsiders in the East that the war will open the way for a re-valuation and perhaps for the sanction of plural marriages in some quarters, the action of the leaders of the Mormon church at the last October Conference was rather sensational. At this Conference Apostle Penrose, speaking for the First Presidency of the church said: "Any man who claims to hold the priesthood and who goes about whispering that it is all right to engage in plural marriage is a rebel against the church and the law of the state. He is an outlaw. Such marriages are not marriages at all. Advisors are equally culpable with actual offenders. Both are displeasing to the Lord, to the authorities of the church and are offensive to citizens by whom they are surrounded."

President Joseph F. Smith and others approved Apostle Penrose's denunciation.

There is here no repudiation of the principle ·of plural marriage "and no renunciation of belief in its holiness in these outbreaks of counsel. The teaching and practice of the principle is discontinued, though not without hope that in good times to come, the eyes of the nations may be opened. Brigham H. Roberts unveils the attitude of the Mormon church clearly when he writes: "If the labors and sufferings of the church for this principle have done nothing more, this much at least has been accomplished-the saints have borne testimony to the truth-and it is for God to vindicate His own law and open the way for its establishment on the earth which doubtless He will do when His kingdom shall come in power and when His will shall be done in earth as it is in heaven.'"

Roberts, who as a polygamist was refused a seat in the Congress of the United States, was appointed to serve as a chaplain in a United States regiment somewhere in France, t.hough he has never severed his relation with his plural wives. Apostles Penrose and Grant have been polygamists, though now through death bereft by Providence of superfluous wives. Joseph F. Smith, the President of the church, lived until his death with three or four wives. It is evident that the leaders of the church are embarrassed by the disposition of some of their people not only to stand by them in theory but to follow their example. It is also probable that they S23

are beginning to realize that the polygamous repute of the Mor- mon church troubles the 12,000 Mormons boys in the army, as well as the Mormon missionaries who are sent forth to win proselytes. One Mormon zealot in the army complained that he had been called down when he wished to testify to the divine authority of Joseph Smith in a Y. M. C. A. meeting at one of the training camps. Com- plaint was made in a public meeting in Salt Lake Oity that several Mormon elders had been rejected as chaplains or Y. M. O. A. secretaries on the ground that the Mormons were not Christians.

n is more to the point to say that they consider themselves as the only Ohristians and speak of non-Mormons as "so-called Christians. " The American Government has been more than fair, it has been gracious to the Mormons. There are at least three chaplains of the ~formon faith in the U. S. Army,-Brigham H. ·Roberts, Calvin S. Smith. son of the late President Smith, and Herbert B. Maw. These Mormon chaplains are supposed to be assigned to Utah regiments.

One of the most aggressive sectarian movements of the Mormon church has been through lectures and reading advertisement articles in Eastern cities and Eastern papers. Apostle Talmage, a professor in the State University in Utah, has been set apart for such work. During August Apostle Talmage lectured on "Mor- 'monism and the War" in Ohicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, Minneapolis and other cities of the Middle West. For some months he has been writing a column each week for a string of prominent newspapers. This they print, the Mormon church paying the usual advertising rates.

Despite the fact that the Mormons unchurch all outside of their own ranks, they are eager to be recognized as Christian by the various families of the Christian Church. A young Mormon, when he finds himself in a non-Mormon company is apt to say when asked his religious affiliations, "I am a Protestant." This is in spite of the fact that only Mormons believe that Joseph Smith was a prophet of God; that the Book of Mormon, and Doctrine and Covenants, including the chapter on plural marriage, were given by inspiration of God; that there are many gods and one may become a god, and that the president of the Mormon church is "the mouthpiece of God, Christ's vice-regent on earth, II and His will as sent down through the Mormon priesthood is final in all matters of faith and practice.

There are in the world perhaps 500,000 Mormons. This includes Mormon children, the Reformed Church of J osephites, and all nominal Mormons. Of this number not more than 250,000 have close connection with Mormonism as a religion. At least fourfifths of this Mormon population is resident on a line extending from Alberta, Canada, to Colonia Juarez, Mexico. More than

SOME ASPECTS OF MODERN MORMONISM

three7fifths of the Mormon people are settled in Utah. In southern Idaho, where the Mormons are strongest outside of Utah, non- Mormon immigration is coming in like a flood, and even in Utah the two cities, Salt Lake and Ogden, which with their environs contain one-third of the population of the State, are more than half non-Mormon.

Oonditions in Utah are changing, rather slowly perhaps, but changing in the right direction. The Amelia Palace of Salt Lake, built by Brigham Young for his favorite wife, is now owned by a Gentile, and is the headquarters of the Red Cross Ohapter of Salt Lake Oounty. In it Mormons and non-Mormons work together under non-Mormon leadership. Naogly Oastle, in southern Utah, which was planned for a connubial corporation consisting of one man and some five or six women, when polygamy was disturbed, was used chiefly as a wine cellar, and now that "Dixie wine" is outlawed, it has been traNsformed into a cannery. There is an article pDOhibiting polygamy in the Utah state constitution· and there probably will be an article in it before long prohibiting the sale and manufacture of intoxicants.

Dnly within the last few years has the Fourth of .July, out national holiday, come to its own in competition with the 24th of July, the great Mormon holiday. A similar change is taking place in the celebration of Ohristmas. A generation ago more was made of the 24th of December as the birthday of Joseph, the Prophet, than was made of any celebration of the birth of Ohrist. Not only Ohristmas but Easter songs have now. their place in the Mormon tabernacles and Sunday-schools. Until a few years ago " America" was sung to a hymn in praise of the Mormon priesthood and prophet, and" My Oountry, 'tis of Thee" was not found in the Mormon hymnbook. After the Smoot trial, this and other national hymns were added and now are sung with loyal zest. Within the last two years one might hear "Praise to the Man who Oommuned with Jehovah" a hymn in praise of Joseph Smith sung at the Mormon sacramental service. Now the leaders of the church are making some effort to make this ser:vice more reverent, and are giving more emphasis to the significance accorded to the Lord's Supper in their prayer of consecration which they have so long used merely as a form.

The Mormon is somewhat of a Moslem and a pagan and much at ease in Zion over his sins, but many of the people are better than their creed or get some moral and religious sustenance out of the Ohristian elements they find in that creed. They have inherited or have absorbed much of Ohristian truth through contact with Ohristian teachers and ancestors, to which many have been driven by the exigencies of bitter experience or ·attracted by the love of God's Spirit.

Leading Questions

A. MISSIONARY BIBLE STUDY BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D.

Acts 1:6 to 8 T HE apostles were slow of understanding, dull of hearing and narrow in vision until after Pentecost. And blindness has in part fallen upon some of their successors to-day. In the upper room in Jerusalem they crowded into one short sentence their threefold misconception of the Kingdom and its character, based upon false premises, and then capped it with impatient interrogation marks. WhoT When? Whatf Lord wilt thou not do it1 Has the time not come now? Is the restored Kingdom not to be Israel's possession and prerogative and glory~ To each one of these questions Jesus Christ gives a corrective, contradictory answer and one that is prophetic as well as didactic. It is a rebuke and a challenge for us as well as for them, I. WHO? Apart from Christ we can do nothing, but without us He can not carry out His program for the .world. Not the Incarnate Son of God alone, but the sons of God energized by His Spirit are to carry the tidings of the Kingdom and bring it in.

(a) Ye shall receive power for the super-human task. (b) Ye shall be my witnesses-in My bodily absence-for My Holy Spirit will come upon you. Men have often tried to escape their own responsibility by casting it on God. Mr. Ryland at Northampton in 1191 said to William Carey "Young man sit down! When God pleases to convert the heathen He will do it without your help or mine!" Theoretically we have passed beyond this attitude, but our personal response to His command and our per capita gifts are still an apology for our apathy rather than an index of our enthusiasm. II. WHAT? Not a Temporal Kingdom for Israel alone but God's Kingdom for the whole world; the Gospel for all humanity. "These words" says De Wette, "contain the whole plan of the Acts. " They go beyond it and include in their scope all the centuries and all the unoccupied mission-fields today. The task in Jerusalem itself is not yet completed. Allenby's army ushered in a new era. We must still bear witness on the Gold Coast of Africa and also on "the Gold Coast" cf Chicago, New York and other cities, to the remotest parts of the earth and to those who are furthest from the Good Tidings. The words of Christ may well be interpreted to include: (a) City Missions-" JerusalE'm. " (b) District Missions~' , Judea. " (c) Missions to Aliens-" Samaria. "

526

19191 PATIENCE IN MOSLEM EVANGELIZATION

(d) Foreign Missions-"unto the uttermost part of the Elarth."

III. WHEN? "It is not for you" He replied, "to know the times and seasons is a warning that God holds these in His own authority. " Like impatient children we dig up the seed sown overnight to see whether the blade has appeared. Christ tells us here and in the parable (Mark 4:26-29) "The earth beareth fruit of herself." The processes of nature and of the Kingdom are secret and gradual. Not peering or prophesying but patience wins result. The church has often spent more energy in calculat- ing the times and seasons of the harvest than in ploughing and sowing the fallow ground. God has arranged the time-table of coming events Himself. Those who thought. they knew have again and again proved the futility of human arithmetic when it con- cerns the epochs of the Eternal. The only time that concerns us is NOW. "This Gospel of the Kingdom shall be preached in the whole world first; then shall the end come. But as to that day and the exact time no one knows-not even the angels of heaven, nor the Son, but the Father alone." .

The apostles were to be less prophets of the future than wit- nesses of the past. The very obscurity of prophecy as to exact times and seasons is a warning that God holds these in His own power. These words of Christ therefore put all the emphasis on personal responsibility, YE; and on the urgency of the task be- cause of its colossal dimensions; and our insufficiency in ourselves.

HE CAN DO IT IF liE WILL; not" we can do it if we will. " We must not only watchfully wait till He comes but we must mercilessly work that He may come.

Patiencejn Moslem Evangelization* BY GEORGE SWAN, CAIRO, EGYPT Secretary of the Egypt General Mission T HE Biblical conception of patience differs considerably from our modern use of the word. Influenced, perhaps, by centuries of monasticism, we are inclined to connect the thought of patience with that of a quiet passivism, slowness to anger, a patient forbearance. Patience in the New Testament is a word full of virility. It is the patient endurance of the soldier that givoo him the fruits of victory, just as it seems almost beyond his grasp, by what has been so aptly called" stick-at-it-ness."

There can be no doubt that thbs virtue is the great need not only of missionaries to Mohammedans and their Home Boa'rds, but of those that support them in prayer and with their substance. Compared with other mission fields, there is little encouragement from • Condensed from the Mill/em WwId.

the visible results of the work. It is essentially a work of faith, though we must not forget that faith reacts on sight, opening the eyes to see and understand God's wonderful workings amongst Mohammedans, and His preparation of them for the reception of our glQrious message. . For all who seek the evangelization of the Moslem world, there comes the message "Ye have need of patience"-patient, virile, courageous endurance, coupled with diligent faith and free from sluggishness, faint-hearted flinching and drawing.back. A most valuable study with this end in view can be made of the Epistle to the Hebrews, takng Patience as the keyword.

First, look at some .of the marks of those who had drawn back, of those who had gone faT and then fell away, and who were to be a warning to those who were in danger of doing so.

(1). They had been so long under instruction that they ought to have been teachers, yet they had become children in intelligence.

(2). They had been slothful, sluggish, slack about inheriting the promises, not steadfastly believing them and making them theirs.

(3). They had been neglecting true Christian fellowship and so failed to provoke one another to love and good works.

(4). They had neglected the Word of God, "spoken to us in a Son," and had been consequently carried away with divers and strange doctrines.

(5). They had cast away their joyful confidence with its great· recompense of reward.

Now apply some of these warnings. It is not an easy matterr to become an intelligent teacher of' Mohammedans, understanding their mentality and applying the great truths of the Gospel to them in an effective way. Time should be ever bridging the mental gulf between the Mohammedan and the would-be Christian teacher. Are. there not many who, having started with confident assurance that they were called of God to this work, have grown more effective in their power of presenting the Gospel to Mohammedans 1 They seem to have become satisfied with the routine work of a missionary's life, becoming less and less effective as the years have gone by. This is not only a loss to the Mohammedans to whom God intended them to be the messengers, hut is fraught with spiritual danger to the missiona.ry.

The Word of God is full of promises for the worker among Mohammedans, and has some especially bright promises for particular fields. Arre missionaries laying hold uf these promises, making them theirs, and receiving from them a full assurance of hope 1 Or are they allowing so called modern scholarship to present them with a Bible that is emasculated of the revealed truth of God that is intended to be "a light that shineth in a dark place, until the day dawns1" Then there aTe other promises, of spiritual endowment,

19191 PATIENCE IN M(OSLEM EVANGELIZATION

without which all the mental bridging of the gulf between Mohammedan and teacher will be of no avail. Are we being diligent in laying hold of these f And again there is the spirit of wisdom and revelation that enables us to look right past the present and to get a vision of the hope of our calling, to get a vista of the wonderful purposes of God in gathering; to Himself a people of all nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues.

Do we realize the importance of Christian fellowship, a real Christian fellow,ship, not a mere perfunctory coming together· of Christians, but a meeting together with purpose of heart to meet together with God? "I thank Thee, 0 Lord, that Thou hast placed so many lights in the upper chamber-so many and so varied. I thank Thee that I do not need to take my rule from one, that each can see his own star in Thy Sky. And yet I thank Thee still mo….e that I do not need to l1est in my own star. Thou hast ordained many lights, not only to prepare a place for me, but to prepare for me many places. Thou wouldest have me, not merely to keep my own glow, but to get f1rom others the color which in me is dim. Thou hast put Peter beside John that the impulsiveness of Peter may be moderated; Thou hast put John beside Peter that the slowness of John may be quickened. llluminate me by my brother's light. Give to my love the quality in which it is not strong. Let me catch the impress of the opposite star. Let me press toward the gate by which I have not found Thee, but by which my brother has found Thee. Help me to sympathize with those who have entered by another door of Thy temple. Reveal to me that my ,song of praise is not complete till it blends with a counterpart in the great symphony. I shall know the meaning of the many voices when I learn the need of Thy manifold grace." So prayed Dr. George Matheson.

Surely it is unnecessary to emphasize the supreme importance of a continuous devotional reading of God's Word that we may learn to know Him who is the Living Word o£ God, the Son in whom He has spoken to llB. If through the pressure of work we neglect this, how soon will we lose the buoyant confidence of a sure and stedfast hope. Surely we have need of steady patience, so that after doing the will of God we may get what we have been promised.

From one cause and another during the years of war, reinforce· ments have not been coming to the field. Some who were ready to come have drawn back on account of the long wait caused by reo strictions on travel. Every missionary society working amongst Mohammedans is on this 3iccount faced with a grave crisis. Ranks need tilling up. Front line troops need relief. Reinforcements need rapid and specialized training. These are matters that call for urgent p'I'ayer and faith. The present is no time for drawing back, no time even for letting organizatioll8 that have been started in the past to "carry on:" with what is left them their initial momentum.

Danger of Strong Drink in

BY AMOS P. WILDER, NEW HAVEN. CONNECTICUT Former Consul General to Hongkong and Shanghai. Secretary of "Yale in China"

T HE four hundred millions of China naturally present an allur- ing field to American alcohol producers. They propose to bring their great facilities-their manufacturing, advertising, selling organization-to bear on the big task of making China drunken.

It is an era of great projects. In the last fifty yearis, Americans have been schooJed to conceive and execute plans on a continental scale that affect millions and the destiny of races. It is not surprising therefore that . China should look attractive to the distilling and brewing magnates. The millions of people have money with which to buy; it remains but to build up an appetite for alcohol in the Chinese people. The cigarette precedent encourages them.

The proposal of the liquor trade to go into China in this large way fills friends of the Chinese with terror. It is one of those "Works of the devil" that refutes those who insist that all's well with the world. It is a reminder of how unsleeping are forces of evil. Nothing less is proposed than the debauching of a nation. Thus far alcohol has played little part in Chinese life. When it is said that men; "must have a stimulant, " I think of the Chinese. A chair bearer will make thirty miles a day and at night ask· only two or three bowls of rice and plenty of weak tea, when he goes to wholesome slumber.

About 1908, Honolulu interests at large expense put up a brewery in Hongkong. They made a modern product, but the natives. did not take to it as was expected and the business was not successful. Doubtless the cost of. a bottle of beer was a factor. Recently the persistent efforts of European makers and sellers of drink have been rewarded among the Chinese. Even casual observation of the native streets of the coast ports shows an increasing number of liquor stores, the wind()ws crowded with bottles of fancy shapes most gaudily be-labelled,and containing the cheapest and most poisonous concoctions, on which the profit is enormous. The work of introducing alcoholic drink into the life of the Chinese is already underway and much progreJss has been made. Unfortunately the foreigners in the ports are themselves hard drinkers and the higher class Chinese, being imitative, conceive that an infinite supply of varied drinks is necessary to public functions.

S30

i'T +t. MA. I,. .#',.t Ill! ;v-

"$ 1~ >t l~ ~. jn. :~ fJ!i 1-)- rot L 'jj.

A CHINESE II.LUS'l'RATION OF THE ROAD 'l'O RUIN THROUGH STRONG DRINK The careless and prosperous young profligate (on the left) becomes the degraded beggar (on the right).

The war has reminded us that the men, the money, the brains and organization for big projects lie at hand for those who can rouse them into action. The American people can be challenged to save China from drink as they have been organized to battle for the French nation in peril of destruction, and to aid their brothers in England with backs against the wall. Let the splendid energy and aspiration of America be directed to this new war to save Chi.na from alcoholism. Let committees be formed headed bv men of affairs to whom the world war has provided spiritual ar~nas commensurate with their abilities. Jesus attracted able men to his standards. Mediocrity is not a Christian virtue. The assets of influence and effectiveness should be organized to ,save China from a new peril.

One concrete thing can be done: our American consular service can be detached from the business of forcing drink on China. The resources of this highly organized service are used to promote American trade in alcoholic drinks. The mails are forever busy carrying information as to what beverages will sell; what districts offer the best opening; how the American brewer and distiller can . get "into the market." This has been going on for years. It is not the wish of the American people that governmental machinery should be thls active in debauching the Chinese.

531

"MBTHODS

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA Chairman of the Committee on Methods of Work of the Federation of Women's Foreign Mission Boards .

MISSIONARY METHODS FOR PASTORS "What are your best methods?"

This question went to a number of pastors and Mission Board Secretaries who have had success in developing missionary congregations. Here are some of the answers: ASK GOD AND TELL PEOPLE Bolshevism, I. W. W.ism and So- cialism?" "Never ask people, but ask God and tell people." Below there stood out suggestively, This is the message that comes "The Mission Study Program from Pastor D. M. Stearns of March 9-April II, 1919 Germantown, whose small congrega- tion of about two hundred and fifty Christianity and the World's Workers." people, together with his Bible Classes, gave $83,722.00 for missions The inside pages of the folder an- in 1918. "We make no appeals, and nounced: do not solicit funds, but at church and classes we state the" needs, pre- Dates and Topics sent the opportunities, and leave it to Him whose we are and whom we Sunday, March 9 serve to accomplish His pleasure. Morning Sermon, "Missions and Bol- . Like Manoah and his wife, we look on while He doeth wondrously shevism." (Judges 13 :19) for He is surely the Evening-Illustrated Lecture, By Hammer Doer of it all. The results of this method have been gifts of $1,045,- and Hand 598.65 for missionary work in thirty years." Sunday Evening, March 16 Illustrated Lecture, "Our South Amer- RELATING A WHOLE CHURCH TO THE MISSION STUDY ican Neighbors." PROGRAM March 17-22 A very practical plan for telling the people. Week-Day Study Groups Dr. Guy L. Morrill, pastor of "South America"-"Japan"-"China" Carmel Presbyterian Church, Edge You are invited to join one of these Hill, Pa., arranged and carried out groups in the study of World Industrial a three weeks' program for Mission Life. These groups are organized in Study for his entire congregation. various sections of the community for your convenience. See the Schedule of On the first page of his striking Groups and Group Leaders and choose announcement, sent to all members, your group. two questions appeared: Sunday Evening, March 23 "What do you know about the so- Illustrated Lecture, "Our Philippine cial and industrial conditions in the· Orient?" Wards." March 24-29 "What has missions to do with Week-Day Study Groups "Philippines"-"India"-"Africa" Every group has special plans. Join the group whose program will afford you the most pleasure and help. See the Schedule of Groups and Group Leaders and plan for your study.

Sunday Evening, March 30 Illustrated Lecture, "Reconstruction Work in India." March 31-April 5 have found for interesting young Week'Day Study Groups people in the mission field has been "Missions and Social Regeneration" -through personal conversation.

The groups have been so organized as When we have found a boy or girl, young man or young woman, beginto include all of Carmel Church in this ning to think along serious lines for Mission· Study Program. Enroll with the church, we have made it a point to talk with such an one individually your Group at once. See Schedule of Groups and Group Leaders. as to the great world opening in far Groups and Group Leaders * Group 1. Glenside Reading Group.

Group 2. Glenside Study Group. reaching fields, suggesting some in- Group 3. Young Women's Group. teresting book or biography which Group 4. Edge Hill Group.. would help. We have then kept in Group S. North Glenside Group. touch with them, taking for granted Group 6. Men's Group. their growing interest in the world Group 7, 8, 9. Carmel Teacher Train- field and giving them certain mission- ing Study Classes, ary tasks to perform, such as read- Group 10. Christi.;n Endeavor Group, ing or reviewing a new book, or using text book Burton's "Comrades going to hear some missionary in Service." Meets for four Sunday speaker, always emphasizing it by a evenings, beginning March 9th, at 6:45. personal note, sometimes taking them to such a lecture. Group 11. Roslyn Group. There is no method like the in- • Titles of text books and names of leaders are dividual method. Jesus Christ said omitted here. 1!:DIt'Olt.

Group 12. Roslyn Christian Endeavor Group, using as text book Burton's "Com·rades in Service." Meets for four to His apostles, "Follow Me." He Sunday evenings, beginning March 9th did not say "Follow the plan" or Notes "Follow missionary activity," but THESE THREE WEEKS OF MISSION STUDY "Follow Me." If others become inshould attract the attention of everyone. terested in our individual and per- They afford a splendid opportunity to be- sonal relationship to them, in any come acquainted with the underlying con- ditions which are giving rise to the world great cause, they are far more likely wide· social unrest. Will Bolshevism cap- to come to us for counsel or advice, ture the world? These studies will help and we lead them naturally. There you answer that question. is no method like the personal method. The pastor who sees the The fourth page of the announce- future in the individual boy and girl ment. gave some facts. about the in his church is bound to have young Benevolent Budget for the Church, people going all over the world for suggestions for securing an attend- Jesus Christ." ance for the classes and services, an announcement of a poster and an essay contest, _a pageant, and sug- A THREEFOLD PLAN gestions fo~ week-day Mission Study Work in Sunday School Classes. Dr. Newell Woolsey Wells of A plan similar to this. one has been Brooklyn suggests the following: .

used in Carmel. church three times "It has long been a conviction with with success, Dr. Morrill says: "It me that a church that is not a mis- is entirely practical and with yearly sionary church cannot long survive.

modification could be made a per- A condition of 'vigorous health is manent scheme of organization of exercise,and the kind of exercise the Church School of .Missions." which a church requires is that to INDIVIDUAL WORK FOR which Paul encouraged Timothy: INDIVIDUALS 'E:xercise thyself unto Godliness.' Godliness is God-likeness, likeness to This. is .one pf the methods of Dr. God; and our God is a missionary John Timothy Stone, of Chicago, God. So only that church is God- who says: like that possesses the missionary "One of the best methods we spirit. That, I think, is good logic.

As to methods, I fear I am old Our Missionary Boards are splenfashioned, even in this dawn of a didly organized and their work is new era. The time may have come carried on with a rare degree of when I should be substituting aero- efficiency. But when we reach the planes for carriages, but somehow I local church we seem to come to have felt that slow with safety is the end of missionary organization. better than fast with accidents. And Churches systematic and progressive so the "methods" pursued by me in every other department of church hitherto have been these: activity often are found limping here. Somehow we have overlooked 1. To saturate myself with mis- the fact that, humanly speaking, the sionary literature. No church will advancement of the missionary enbe a missionary church whose pas- terprise depends upon the intelligent tor does not keep in touch with, interest of the Church in action. and feel the inspiration of, the vic- Someone has said that the missiontorious advance of Christ and His ary spirit is an essential factor in cause in the world. that well-rounded Christian charac- ter which is the aim of religious 2. To endeavor to communicate education. The spirit can best be the inspiration by conveying the in- developed by contact with the misformation to my people, in sermons sionary enterprise, hence the sugand in monthly concerts of prayer gested program that follows. Definfor missions. itely set apart the second week of each month and call it, "Missionary 3. To encourage the formation of missionary organizations among my Week." Following is an outline of people, and help to the extent of my activity and instruction as indicated power, in their development. We which I have found very valuable: have such organizations Sunday morning a sermon hav- ing missionary foundation'. If the (a) Among our women who are pastor delivers a sermonette to the pursuing a regular course of mission little folks, a missionary story is acstudies. ceptable to them and suggestive to (b) Among our young people who the older folks attending the service. are doing the same. At this service have your ushers ready to distribute the latest leaflets (c) In our Sunday-school as a obtainable from your denominational whole. We are helping through it roqms, giving up-to-the-minute snap to support one of our missionaries shots of "Field of Activity." At in Korea, while giving a part of our the Bible School hour arrange with time regularly to the study of mis- the Superintendent for a period in sionarydevelopments througholt the which a class or individual presents world. I cannot say that I favor some missionary incident. (The little the limitation of one's missionary tots no doubt have their missionary interest to a particular field, which story at the same time.) The Young is apt to be the result of confining People's Society meeting before the one's gift to the support, exclusively, evening service, hold their regular of one or more workers in that monthly missionary meeting in charge field." of the Missionary Committee, using topic assigned by State Committee. THE MISSIONARY WEEK At the evening preaching service nothing of special missionary charac- Another plan is suggested by Dr. ter, except on rare occasions when a Frank Montague Swaffield of Pitts- returned missionary is asked to tell field, Mass: his or her story. "Organization is one of the watchwords of the modern church, and is Monday evening the Young depended upon in almost every department of its activity. The exception, if there be any, is usually in the missionary emerprises of the church.

BEST METHODS

Women meet for mission study and inward impulsion. "The love of Christ contraineth us!" sewing. Wednesday afternoon the Wom- MONTHLY CONCERTS OF PRAYER en's Missionary Society meets for the study of lesson book suggested Dr. A. W. Halsey of the Board by denominational Board. of Foreign Missions of the Pres- byterian Church in the U. S. A., Wednesday evening the Church says: prayer meeting-Special intercession for the work of the Kingdom. At "I have been wandering up and conclusion of the service the pas- down the Church. I have spoken in tor's mission study class, open for literally thousands of churches. I have talked with leaders everywhere. all. I think I have read most of the books on missionary methods, cer- Thursday evening is reserved for tainly those that have been published missionary programs, dramas, stere- in the English language, and I do optican lectures, visits by denom- not believe that any method has yet inational secretaries, exhibits and been devised that is better than a manifold other activities that come well ,conducted Monthly Concert of into a year's program. ' Prayer for Missions. Within a few days it has been my privilege to speak Friday afternoon the young folks in a church of another denomination. meet for their monthly study of the I was asked to speak by a parishchildren of other lands. ioner of mine who was a faithful and loyal attendant for seventeen Friday evening is set aside as an years in the old Spring Street open night for any special feature Church, and was rarely absent from that may be presented by an or- the missionary meetings. This good ganization. This. is also the night woman desired me to speak in the in which the missionary committee church of her denomination, stating of the Church meets to discuss the that it was ill the missionary meetprogram for the next month's Mis- ings held once a month that she obsionary Week. This committee is a tained the knowledge, the inspiration, very important one and should have the outlook for foreign missions in hand matters of the denominational which had been a constant source of movements and be ready at all times blessing to her during all these to assist any organization in secur- years. She intimated that in the ing material and preparing programs various churches she had been in, for this ,week of activity. many of them having modern plans of missionary endeavor, nothing had It is needless to say that the great ever been given to her that prebenefit derived from such concen- sented in a systematic, consistent trated effort is that for that period and persistent way the great work the entire Church is thinking "Mis- which the entire Church was doing sionary." Personally I have dis- for the extension of the Kingdom covered that such an effort greatly in the regions beyond. If this were increases the missionary gifts of the a single isolated case if would Church. I feel that should this pro- amount to nothing, but now, after gram be given a thorough trial the twenty years, once and again I am Church of the future will be an in- asked by former parishioners to telligent Church, ig-norance, preju- come to their churches, often large dice, opposition, indifference, prayer- churches, and present the cause of lessness, selfishness, love of ease, missions, since the methods in use and many other hindrances will be failed to supply what these good eradicated. The Church of the fu- people obtained in the Prayer Meetture will be truly benevolent in spirit and will be highly responsive when it is necessary to call upon it to make a sacrifice, Obligation is thrice potent when it is reinforced by an

ing in the Old Spring Street Church. good lawyer to present certain legal By a well conducted Monthly Con- aspects of the immigration question. cert of Prayer for Missions I mean first, a meeting once a month with Get a member of Congress or of the a definite subject, well advertised, definite objects of prayer clearly Assembly to present a phase of the stated, and a variety of presentation that takes in the whole work of the Philippine question. A great meetwhole Church for the whole world in the course of the year or of the ing could be held. years. If I were asked at the pres- August. Hot month. I would disent time what I would present for the remaining months of this year cuss the League of Nations and the and the method I would pursue, I should state,- relation of China. The whole ques- For the month of July I would tion of Japan's seizure of German take up the subject of the Interchurch World Movement and kin- territory and what is to be done with dred movements. I would go into it. Here a fine meeting could be had details as to the origin, development and present status of united discussing the League of Nations missionary effort at home and abroad. I would prepare personally from the point of view of a huge an address giving the origin of this movement and of kindred movements republic like China that needs guidlike the ter-centenary of the Congregational Church, the New Era ance. . of the Presbyterian Church, the Centenary of the Methodist Church and In September or one of the previothers. I would ask some prominent women in my church to give a ous months the pastor may be away. five minute talk on the relation of woman's work to the Interchurch Let the -meeting be conducted by the Movement. I would ask a Sunday School Superintendent to give a five leaders of the various missionary sominute statement from the point of view of the Sunday School Super.: cieties; men's organization, women's, intendent. I would have singing and specific prayer and a meeting Sunday School, Young People's. Let full of life and vigor. the church itself present the work Or another appropriate topic for the month of July would be the that the societies are doing at home question of Uncle Sam and his dependencies, giving special stress,- and abroad.

(a) To the Philippines. Group October. Make it a book meeting. of them in the United States asking Take such a book as that written for independent government. Magnificent opportunity to show what by the Rev. Arthur J. Brown, D. D., the United States has done and what the missionary has done. "The Mastery of the Far East."

(b) Cuba. Get three or four people to review (c) Porto Rico (d) The whole question of the certain chapters of that book, the one Chinese and Japanese in the United States. A splendid subject. Get a on Korea and Japan. Not at all necessary to agree with Dr. Brown's conclusions. It opens a whole series of questions which are just as live as any questions now before the world. A missionary meeting should be a live meeting, for it deals with live things, not dead.

November. Discuss what is to be done with Africa. A whole million square miles taken from Germany.

By November some definite decision will have been reached. Discuss it from the missionary point of view.

Run over the big mission activities in the Congo, in Kamerun, in Rhod- esia, in Uganda. Speak of the Af- rican uprising. Discuss the whole question of the guardianship of Af- rica by European powers and the development of the African. A large question.

December. The rehabilitation of mission lands devastated by war and

BEST METHODS

famine; India, Persia, Syria. Get was not easy for them to arrange the story of 'Syrian and Armenian to attend all the meetings. Among relief up to date. Study what has the men were laborers, carpenters, been done for the rehabilitation of store managers, salesmen, plumbers Persia and of Syria. Tell of what and business men. Some of them India has suffered through plague made maps and prepared papers, and famine in 1919 and point to the and all entered very interestingly inmanger cradle at Bethlehem. to the discussions. The results were , Material for eve,yone of these very apparent in the missionary and subjects is abundant. He is a dull general work of the Church, and in pastor who would not be llble, if he th~ determination of these officers is willing to expend the gray matter, that this mission congregation should to make such meetings as above in- be a missionary organization. dicated, fresh, invigorating, inspiring and a spiritual blessing to the Church THE PASTORAL PROTECTORATE and to the world." A Home Mission pastor whose IT COULDN'T BE DONE, BUT MR. congregations, wherever he has gone, FEGLEY DID IT have soon developed an active mis- sionary interest sends this word: A group of men walked out from the great auditorium of a Summer I would that we could abolish the Conference. Said one to the others: Pastoral Protectorate with which some of our pastors feel called upon "Sounds well from the platform, to encircle their folds at the apbut it can't be done. I'd like to see proach of Mission Board secretaries some of these professional lecturers or missionaries who may be abroad and church reformers tackle the in the land, even though they are the real proposition of real mission study authorized representatives of the auin a real congregation. It's easy thorized causes of the Church. to theorize, but I'd just like to see one of them get my Church Council This desire to shield their people in the Mission Study Class." from challenging facts regarding world conditions, lest they exhaust "Well, I'm going to do it," quietly themselves in missionary offerings remarked one of the group, and he and so leave the coal bins of their did. own churches unfilled and the sal- aries of their own pastors unpaid is He was the Reverend Charles K. really one of the productive causes Fegley, Pastor of St. James Lu- of "starvation salari.es." My experitheran Church, a mission congrega- ence has been without exception that tion in Allentown, Pa., and the a widening of horizon always means thing he did was to' get everyone of a better support of the work at his church officers in a Mission home. Study Class. I know of one small congregation He went home after the Con- in a cotton mill suburb of a southern ference, called his Church Coun- city. The members had been given cil together and put the matter little missionary information. The squarely before them as necessary pastor's salary was far below "the to solid foundations in the mission's living wage," and it was necessary organization and development. Every for him to supplement it in many man on the Council responded and ways. It seemed very evident to the signed up for the Class. They felt non-missionary contingent that charvery deeply their responsibility it'! ity should begin at home. However, getting hold' of the missionary pro- home charity persistently delayed its gram, which they as officers were to beginning until a missionary cammake effective in the work of the paign was begun in the church, durcongregation. The Class met on ing which literature was distributed, Sunday afternoon fOl ten weeks.. It

addresses w('!re made, and an Every THE ACCURATE STATEMENT OF FACTS Member Canvass was conducted. It is not quite so easy to make mis· The missionary offerings were in- sionary addresses and write missionary books as it used to be in the days when creased from $39.66 to $183, and no man from the land about which we have been wont to learnedly discourse with the broader outlook the congre- was at hand to contradict, and no Chairs of Missions in great Universities had yet gation saw their pastor's work in a been established, to meet our impressive eloquence with disconcerting facts. new light and increased his salary Welcome the day when accuracy is 66%. demanded! Prof. John Clark Ar~hu of the Yale School of Religion, Chair of I have a friend who is a Mission Missions, in answer to a request for Board secretaD" While visiting one "best methods" sounds a note that is congregation ~ ta'yman gave him the going to become more and mOfc innames of fourteen wealthy men and sistent in the coming days: women in his church. When the secretary went to the pastor for his One of the 'best methods' for advice about the best means to em- furthering the cause of missions is ploy in approaching these people the the' use of reliable materials of mis- Pastoral Protectorate immediately sionary instruction. Mission lands appeared in the caution: "Don't ap- were once very far away and their proach them at all. They are not in- peoples moved as vague, indistinct terested in missions and would not shapes in the dim distance. Then give you one cent should you call we could say almost anything we upon them. It would be an utter chose about lands and people, could waste of time to interview them. indulge in .generalizations and even Leave them alone." inaccuracies without fear of confu- sion. Now those lands are near and Somewhat discouraged he took their peoples walk in our midst, senheart at a message that came from sitive to our attitudes and critical of one of the men that he should not our interpretations. These may be fail to see everyone of these people minor, but none the less real conand present to them the facts about siderations; they serve to throw into the work. He went to see all of bold relief our constant duty to take the fourteen and received contribu- great care with regard to the descriptions from twelve. tions which we apply to mission lands and peoples to be sure we are From the standpoint of a pastor rightly representing their practices I want to urge the abolition of the and mental attitudes. Pastoral Protectorate, when the authorized causes of the church are to No missionary address should be be presented. . given on any aspect of a mission field without allowing for the pres- Mission Board secretaries and ence in the audience of at least imagmissionaries are in no wise to be re- inary natives of that field. No ingarded as prowling wolves going struction in missionary subjects about seeking whom they may de- should be ventured upon without vour, but should be welcomed as close scrutiny of the materials of inheralds of opportunity, and bearers struction. A most attractive proof blessings. gram or a most interesting course of study may be productive of wrong I have found that the ~ore my impressions by reason of questionpeople hear of the need of the world, able statements. The literature of and the more they give to meet it, missionary education might well be the broader outlook they get and censored. Let a few citations illusthe better support they give to the trate the situation. home church. Aside from the direct results in missionary gifts, I welcome "T.he first is made from a recently the visits of missionaries and Mission Board secretaries for their byproducts in my own work."

BEST METHODS

published book of stories for 'the sung and the text, 'The time of the presentation of missionary funda- singing of birds is come' be recited. mentals to children.' Some of the As far as India is concerned the imthings Achmed read in the Koran pression thus made is the opposite of would seem very absurd to us, al- reality, for that season! though he believed every word of them. Here are two of them: 'If a "There is likely no need of fly falls into a dish of food, plunge further illustrations; the point must it in completely, then take it out and be clear. We have been somewhat throw it away, for in one of its careless at times in our earnest efwings is a cause of sickness, and in forts. Materials which cannot be the other a cause of health; and in questioned will s.erve all our purposes falling it falls on the sick wing; but and impart the knowledge needful for if the fly is entirely covered by food, the prosecution of the missionary enthen the healthy wing will do away terprise. We mustl~ake thelmatter of with the bad effect of the sick wing' missionary education seriously, use reliable materials, and. do intensive * * * This man who wrote the work! The necessary instruction aK obraadn dar elsaom tof rldo mw hh autr t itno g dyoout o *k*e.ep* cannot be imparted in short courses. Our very brevity makes us at times 'To spit three times over the left inaccurate. There is one Sunday shoulder.' These things are not School course which presents all the found in the Koran at all! And religions of the world, including even the statement that Mohammed those of primitive peoples, in thirty- 'wrote' the Koran is likely to create five pages! Let us adopt large proa false impression. Further on in grams for this tremendous field of the same story appears the statement study, the study of the non-christian that Mohammed said that anyone 'faiths. And for the still larger fields who did not believe in his new reli- of mission s.tudy that program alone gion should be killed at once. This, will do which represents patience, of course, is not true of Mohammed. abundance and precision." The whole story is very inaccurate and misrepresentative, and it is not FIFTEEN THINGS FIFTEEN PASthe only one in the same volume TORS HAVE DONE which might be thus criticised. Those who are intent upon mISSIOn- 1. Preached few labelled missionary education cannot countenance ary sermons, but gave the missionary such materials. interpretation in all of his sermons, with frequent missionary application "In a more pretentious book, one and illustration. intended for senior students, appears the statement that Mohammedanism 2. Made it a policy to read a de- 'arose as a heretical Christian sect,' nominational and inter-denominaand the discussion is almost as faulty tional magazine regularly. Also at as this error. The same book makes least one new missionary book a an indiscriminate mention of 'soul' in month. connection Withl Buddhism. The word is used ill-advisedly if original 3. Conducted a Mission Study Buddhism be meant. Class which. actually enrolled every church officer in the congregation. "A third citation is taken from a This was an annual class which met missionary magazine, from a special weekly for about eight weeks. One program on India for March. This of the new text books was studied. illustration is not at all offensive as the above illustrations were, but there 4. Led a Bible Class which met on is something innocently incongruous week days to study the Bible as a in the treatment. It is suggested that missionary book. the hymn 'We plow the fields' be 5. Bought up-to-date missionary books and loaned them systematic- ally to members of the congregation,

caning attention to paragraphs which ordinate the plans for mIssIOnary would challenge the attention of cer- education in the entire church.

tain individuals. 15. Conducted a survey to discover 6. Enclosed a missionary leaflet. needs in the community and outlined with each letter mailed. with his officers a program for com- 7. Enclosed a missionary leaflet munity service, including the estab- with each copy of his parish paper. lishment of a mission Sunday-school, 8. Went to a Summer Missionary arrangements for religious services Conference and took with him some at some overlooked institutions, visiof his most promising leaders for tation and relief work, and a Day Nursery for the children of working training. 9. Mapped out each year with his mothers.

Missionary Committee a program for HERE AND THERE METHODS Mission Study and Missionary Ser- vice for the entire congregation and Red Letter Days helped to make it effective.

10. Opened the door to every au- A good program calendar suggesthorized missionary representative of tion comes from Mrs. C. A. Evans the church. Found that the presen- of Utica, N. Y. Her society issued tation of the various needs of the this year a small calendar. On the fields by people who knew them re- front and back of the brown card to sulted in greatly increased contribu- which calendar pad is fastened, are tions; and that instead of making it given names of officers and items of harder to secure local support, the information about the society. On more his congregation gave to mis- the calendar leaf for each month, sionary objects the more willing they the day on which the meeting is to were to give to the church at home. be held is printed in red ink. The hour of meeting is given, also the 11. Arranged for visits of mission- topic and the leaders. One woman aries on furlough -to speak in the is appointed to be responsible for the church and Sunday-school and in . program for each meeting and is various societies. Had them enter- given the privilege of choosing two tained in homes where they might other members for her. program influence young people to make gifts committee. More time is secured of life, or older people to make gifts for the program by having a monthly of money or of service: meetiI1g of the Executive Committee, . 12. Conducted a Reading Contest. together with the committee chair- Boys and girls secured over 1000 men, just preceding the meeting of readers for a missionary pamphlet the society. At this business meetby taking it to members and secur- ing many items can be disposed of ing autograph of each one who and others shaped up so that they read it. may be presented to the society ex- 13. Presented to congregation the peditiously. Time is· given at· this opportunity· of providing the support meeting of officers for prayer for the for native workers in the foreign meeting of· the society which is to field. One hundred native workers follow. The work of the varim:s were thus provided for by individu- missionary societies in the· church is als in addition to the other work al- co-ordinated by having an annual ready being done. "federation" meeting at which all the 14. Organized a Missionary Cabi- societies are represented. Annual re- net in his congregation which con-· ports are given for the missionary sisted of one representative from development of the whole church and each society or organization in the are discussed. The Girls Guild congregation. This cabinet' held serves a buffet supper at these an- quarterly meetings to outline and co- nual federation meetingS..

Woman's Home Mission

Edited by MRS. O. R. JUDD, Brooklyn, N. Y. Representative of the Council of Women for Home Missions COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME Home Mission Survey MISSIONS Another iuteresting feature of the April Executive meeting was the By IDA W. HARRISON presence of Mr. R. E. Diffendorfer, Director of the Home Mission Sur- Executive Secretary vey of the Interchurch World Move- ment of North America, who spoke The work of the Council of Wo- on the relation of Woman's Boards men for Home Missions has grown of Home Missions to his department. so greatly, both in the publication of He stated that the general object study books and other departments, of the Survey was to make such that it now involves too large a con- a study of religious needs and contribution of time to ask of volun- ditions in our country, as would teers; it has, therefore, been found be the basis for a great, united, connecessary to engage an Executive structive program. He expects to as- Secretary, who could give her whole certain from this study what the time to the task. problems of the home fields are, and what the work needs to bring it up The Council has been fortunate to an effciency basis. As he underin securing the services of Miss stood that no official survey had Florence E. Quinlan to fill this im- ever been made of all the Women's portant position, and she was un- Home Missionary enterprises in the animously elected at the April meet- country, he asked the Council of ing of the Executive Committee. Women for Home Missions to under- take this work with its affiliated so- Miss Quinlan had hoped to serve cieties. on the Foreign Field, and went to In response to this request, the Japan in 1910, under commission of Executive Committee of the Council the Presbyterian Board of Foreign of Women for Home Missions Missions, but was forced to return to agreed to direct a survey of the the United States for personal rea· work of the Women's Home Missons. Since then, she has been ac- sionary Boards affiliated with it. tively engaged in missionary work in New York. For four years she Interchurch World Movement was Secretary of Missionary Education for the New York Synodical At the Interboard Conference, held Society; for seven years, she was a by the Interchurch W orId Movemember of the Presbyterian Wo- ment at Cleveland, Ohio, April thirman's Board of Home Missions, and tieth and May first, the Council of of late she has been doing literary Women, and Women's Home Misand editoral work for the same sionary Societies showed their inter- Board. Her fine catholicity of spirit est in cooperative work by a large embraces all forms of missionary attendance. Nine members of the and educational work, and a whole- Executive Committee of the Council hearted belief in Christian coopera- were present, though some .of them tive work of all kinds; to this she were delegated from their denomiadds a "passion for perfection" in national Boards; more than one-half all matters of detail, which is the of the large number of women encrowning test of conscientious efficiency. Her address is' 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

541

rolled represented Home missionary SAVE THEM FOR THE NATION interests. The President of the Council of Women, Mrs. F. S. Ben- Christian, dost thou see them, nett, is a member of the Executive Coming to our shores; Committee of the Interchurch World Men from every nation. Movement, and was present at all Knocking at our doors? the sessions of the Conference. She Christian, up and meet them, presided brilliantly at the Woman's Meet them ere they're lost; Luncheon, at which seventy-seven Save them for the Nation, women delegates were present. The Save them by the Cross. delightful fellowship of the hour was enriched by brief addresses Christian, dost thou know them; from Miss Elizabeth Goucher, Pro- Brothers, by His Grace; fessor of Sociology at Ginling Col- Clothed in dark-skinned bodies; lege, China; Miss Mary Ashby Cheek, Of another race? Student Secretary of Women's Home Christian, up and save them; and Foreign Boards of the Presby- Save them, ere they're lost, terian Church; Miss Margaret Hodge, Save them for the Nation; Executive Secretary of the Presby- Save them by the Cross. terian Women's Boards of Foreign Christian, dost thou hear them; Missions; Mrs. John S. Allen, Chair- Children in the night; man of the Home Mission Study Crying for their birthright; Course of the Council of Women; Toiling, day and night? Mrs. William H. Farmer, brilliant Christian, up and save them; speaker, writer and mission worker; At whatever cost, Save them for the Nation; Mrs. E. C. Cronk of the Interchurch Save them by the Cross. World Movement; Miss Anna A. Gordon, President of the National Christian, dost thou feel them; Woman's Christian Temperance Souls weighed down by sin; Union; and Miss Mabel Cratty, Living in the darkness; General Secretary of the National Where no light comes in? Board of the Young Women's Chris- Christian, up and save them; tian Associations. These fine speakers Save them ere they're lost; represented many phases of organ- Save them for the Nation; ized work among women, and other Save them by the Cross. lines could have been presented, if the time had permitted. But the -J. R. PADDOCK. most significant thing was, that great departments of home and >I< • >I< . foreign missions, education, literary Americanization is two-fold, and is in- work, and social service in many terwoven and inseparable. It is the ways., for many classes, all were gathered together for united effort Americanization of the alien in a new at this unrivalled hour of responsi- country and the bility and opportunity. While all these agencies have done splendid A mericanization of A mericans in their work in the past, it is but an earnest own country. of the greater things they can ac- complish in the days to come; for This war has pitilessly revealed the the secret of putting people at their fact that we need both. best is giving them a great construc- tive program-and such a program From Americanization Wat' SeN/icc. pamphlet is. presented to them by the Inter- published by National Americanization Com- church World Movement of North mittee.

America. >I< '" >I< If we as religious societies do not see that the immigrant and the children of the immigrant are raised up, most assur- edly the result will be that our children and children's children are pulled down. Either they will rise or we shall sink.

-Theodore Roosevelt.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

In the HighJands cies and philanthropic Boards also are represented officially in its or- By ONe OF 'tHe ORGANlzltRS OF 'tHe ganization. In addition to the Church Boards already named, CONFI!R£NCe which are represented upon the ~x­ ecutive Committee, the Executive The Southern Mountain Workers' Committee includes also the United Conference, which last conv~ned in States Commissioner of Education, Knoxville, Tennessee, April 1-3, and representatives of the Nursing 1919, for the Seventh Annual ~eet­ Service of the American Red Cross, ing, is a gathering of unusual mter- the Associate Presbyterian Board of est. It is the outgrowth of a need Home and Foreign Missions, the felt for better acquaintance among Woman's Missionary Council of the those engaged in work in the South- Methodist Episcopal Church, South, ern Highlands. the Missionary Board of the Breth- ren Church, the Domestic and For- The first Conference met in At- eign Missionary Society of the Protlanta, Georgia, April 24, 1918, in re- estant Episcopal Church, the Board sponse to a call issued by the Chair- of Home Missions of the United man of the Department of Mission Presbyterian Church, and the Metho- Work of the. Southern Baptist Home dist Episcopal Church. Independent Mission Board, officials of the Ex- mountain institutions represented ecutive Committee of Home Mis- are Berea College, Berea, Kentucky; sions of the Southern Presbyterian Lincoln Memorial University, Har- Church and of the Northern Pres- rogate, Tennessee; Pine Mountain byterian Board of Home Missions, Settlement School, Pine Mountain, and the Secretary of the Southern Kentucky; H i n d man Settlement Highland Division of the Russell School, Hindman, Kentucky; and Sage Foundation. Others concur- Nashville Agricultural and Normal ring heartily in the call we:e the Institute, Madison, Tennessee. Bishop of the Protestant EpIscopal Missionary District of Asheville, Conference is the keynote of each North Carolina, the American Mis- session. The scope of discussion is sionary Association, New York City, indicated by the following topics, and representatives of the Southern selected from this year's program: Methodist Church and Christian Present trend of mountain work. Is Church. the work adapted to the life of the mountain people? What are church Since the second Conference in schools doing to promote public Knoxville, April, 1914, John C. schools? Discussion of bill for six Campbell, Secretary of the Southern months' schooling for all mountain Highland Division of the Sage counties, by so adjusting taxation Foundation, has acted as Chairman that strong counties help weak. A and Rev. Isaac Messler, formerly practical mountain health program. principal of the Academy of the Re- Makin~ a living in the mountains. formed Church at McKee, Kentucky, 'Possib!lities of economic cooperatIOn. as Recording Secretary. Right of mountain communities to self-determination in matters of re- Early in the life of the Confer- ligion. What should the work of a ence, national, state and philanthrop- denomination be in a community (a) ic agencies were invited to partici- without a church, (b) with several pate; and as a result, since the first churches? Provision for rural meeting, the mountain states and recreation. Practical effects of prothe Federal Government have been hibition in mountain communitiesgenerally represented through Departments of Education, Health, and more or less illicit distilling? Agriculture, as have some of the mountain counties. National agen-

In New Mexico BROTHERHOOD By HARPItR C. DONAI.DSON Make then this message understood- One universal brotherhood Superintendent, Menaul School, Albu·- Through Jesus Christ, to East and West; querque, N. M. One sure relief for men oppressed, One cleansing blood, one source of grace, For the last eight years there has One vision of the Father's face. been an interdenominational confer- ence of the workers in New Mexico. -Lavinia E. Chester. Each year we try to have one main speaker from the outside, mainly for WHAT WOMEN CAN DO FOR inspirational talks, and some special AMERIeANIZATION talks from educators in the state. The rest of the program is discussion 1. Be neighborly with immigrant fami. of mutual problems by the workers lies. Take at least one immigrant family in the different fields. This is usu- and be a friend and neighbor and an in- ally very helpful, giving new ideas terpreter of America to it. as to how to .meet the. many ques- tions that arise. 2. Make every national holiday Ameri- canization Day by asking immigrants to Last fall the Conference met at your homes. Menaul, with an attendance of sixty. Some excellent papers and talks were 3. Give up a part of each day to getting given and quite a little time was acquainted with your immigrant neigh- allotted to the discussion of new bors. methods in teaching and the neces- sity of keeping the curriculum of 4. Teach the language to a class of mission schools up to the standard. alien women, getting your introduction from the schools, settlements or Ameri- The Conference next fall will canization workers. meet at the American Missionary Association school, Rio Grande In- 5. Discourage in your children the use dustrial School, at Albuquerque. We of immigrant nicknames. are hoping to have a good session, and in order to do so need closer 6. See that the sanitary conditions of cooperation on the part of the the stores, houses, streets and vacant lots Boards. We asked last year that in the immigrant sections receive equal each Board send us a speaker each attention from the authorities. year, so that our Conference could last a little longer. The usual time 7. Get together. America is a weak na- consumed now is three or four days. ion so long as class and racial lines pre- I sincerely hope that the Presbyter- vail. ians will give us a speaker next fall, as we have had no one from that 8. Help alien women in industry to Board for three years. make right adjustments and see that they receive such protection as they need. The different denominations in the district work very harmoniously. 9. Encourage aliens to become citizens. There is a verbal agreement among and help introduce them to our political the principals of the schools in and life, if you live in a state where women near Albuquerque that they will not vote. enroll a student from one of the other schools without the consent of 10. Provide special protection, care and his former principal. In accepting guidance for the immigrant mother, as new students we try ·to adhere to our regards unlicensed midwives and objec- own territory as much as possible, tionable lodgers. Help her to keep pace though there is no agreement on with her American-born children. . this point. By "our own territory" I mean the districts where we have C From N'eighoorho(>fJ Ame,.icanization, pam hlet plaza schools. ~i~!~~ed by National Americanization om- Earth's races look to thee: The peoples of the world Thy risen splendors see And thy wide flag unfurled, Float high and be the sign Of love and brotherhood: The pledge, by right divine Of power, to do good.

-Venable.

FROM MANY

EUROPE and even secular papers to publish With ti.e 'Army of Occupation weekly vernacular translations. This DR·. MAITLAND ALEXANDER, will undoubtedly lead many to read pastor of the First Presbyterian the Scriptures for themselves, and we Church of Pittsburgh, is now serving n:joice at every development that as Religious Work Director for the opens the way to the study of the American Army of Occupation. He Word of God, which we believe will .sends a glimpse of his activities, of be the means of leading many to a which the following are extracts: living faith in their Saviour.

"Weare putting on in the Army of Evangelical Christendom.

Occupation about one hundred and fifty religious addresses every week. Portugal and her Students T This is quite a job, as we have to HE Student· Christian Movement in Portugal has scarcely yet provide the speakers, the music, the special music, the advertising and all emerged from the experimental stage. the things which make them a S'lC- It has been misunderstood and even cess. These are all announced as re- opposed by some elements in the ligious meetings, and are not part re- community, but appreciation of its ligion and part movies, or religion service is growing. Some of the and a sparring match, so that the professors have argued that their inthirty thousand or more men who at- terest in the student should not extend go because they want to go. ceed the bounds of the class room, "We have over four hundred men and that a university is not responand women working in this army. sible for the physical and moral wel- We have fifteen amusement units fare of its students. But there is that give shows. We have about six evidence that the leaders of the fumovie outfits in each division. I ture in Portugal will not be satisfied have religious speakers making about with purely intellectual attainment. four addresses every day, and have Many of the students frankly condistributed a hundred thousand hym- fess the need of a dynamic which nals, ten thousand Testaments, five ~hall give them the solution of moral thousand single gospels and tens of Issues. thousands of pieces of miscellaneous There are three centers of learnreligious literature. ing in Portugal, Coimbra, Lisbon A Vatican Decree and Porto. The first named city is the seat of the National University, I T is a noteworthy announcement founded in 1290. The first Students' that the Pope has permitted the Christian Association to be organized Gospels and Epistles at Mass in Italy in Portugal was founded at this Uni- to be read in the vernacular. This versity in 1915, after some prelimi- means that for the first time large nary work by Dr. John R. Mott and numbers of Italians will hear the Robert P. Wilder. A new and mod- Christian Scriptures read in their ern building was dedicated in June own language. It is well known that last year, and has every equipment to in the Latin ·nations only Latin is fill the needs of Coimbra's students.

used in the Mass, and this means that Before the construction of this the Bible is practically an unknown building there was no provision for book to those who hear Mass. A de- physical education or recreation.

sire to know what the Gospels and Students spent· their leisure hours Epistles teach has led . some priests in gambling resorts.

545

EvaiIgeUcal InfluenCes at Work in Ital), ing with great success. Miss Jean- nette McCrory, of the United Presby- EVANGELICAL Christianity in terian Mission, goes every Sunday Italy has greater opportunity in afternoon with her Egyptian teachers larger access to the people than be- to the slum section of the city, gath- fore the war, says Signor Ernesto ers the children about her and teaches Giampiccoi, Moderator of the Wal- them Bible stories and texts. She derrsian Church, who is now in the gives them picture cards, supplied United States. For the first time in through the World Sunday School history, Protestant preachers have Association, Surplus Material Debeen placed on a par with Catholic partment, and prays with the little priests as chaplains. After a Wal- waifs.. Some are boot-blacks, some densian preacher had addressed a are beggars, and most are Moslems. regiment at the front, the colonel N ow they go down the streets singhastened to say: "That's fine. If ing, "Create in me a Clean Heart," only our priests could talk like that. instead of quarreling and swearing. But they can only say Mass." Then More of such street schools are soon as if debating with himself he added: to be opened in other centers. "See here! Why can't you 'talk to all the boys that way after the Father The S)'l'ian Protestant College has said Mass?" So it was arranged, the relation continuing most cor- I T would be difficult to exaggerate dially. the critical situation that faced the Syrian Protestant College during The Waldensian Church has 25,- the war, but its unswerving policy 000 members in its 200 organizations of uprightness made even Turkish in Italy. Throughout the war, all government officials eventually its their missions were kept up, in spite supporters. The faculty believes that of inroads upon the working staff. this fiery furnace ~f trial has proved Places of rest and refuge were main- the right of the College to continue tained, with distinctly religious ac- as a means of advancing the Kingdom tivities. of righteousness in the Near East. The severance of connection between MOSLEM LANDS the College and the Johanniter Hos- pital (German) in July, 1917, has The War and Islam put an additional burden upon the management. To balance the loss will QUESTIONNAIRES sen t to 40 require new surgical and medical . missionary workers in Egypt facilities and a new laboratory. A have led Dr. Zwemer to the conclu- policy of expansion is vigorously adsion that the war has convinced the vocated by the Faculty, as its present Mohammedans that politically they scope of operations is not commenare losing out. It has brought the surate with the need of the great reclaims of Christianity to their atten- construction period. Schools of tion more positively than ever before. Agriculture, Law, Theology, Archae- Where formerly the Koran was re- ology and Biblical Philology should ferred to as authority as against the be established and research work un- Scriptures, Mohammedans now seek dertaken, if the great spiritual purto use the Scriptures as against pose of the College is to be realized. Christianity and read Mohammedan teachings into them. There is less Turks Throw Women out to Starve hostility than formerly and greater appreciation of the missionaries and A TRAGIC situation has developed their work. from the survey of the Ameri- can Committee of Relief for the United Presbyterian. Near East. The Turks, alarmed by the thoroughness· of the Committee's Teruching Street Waifs in Cairo SUNDAY-SCHOOLS for children of the streets in Cairo are meet-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

methods, have thrown out of their A few weeks ago at a mass meetharems the Armenian women they ing in a South Indian jungle, an had enslaved, together with the chil- educated Indian arose and asked, dren they had planned to bring up as "Can the speaker tell us of any ac- Moslems. tual case of definite conversion to Christ with the Mesopotamian Expe- Thirteen hundred of these children ditionary Force?" After the meeting were set adrift in Constantinople Rev. Arthur Foster, an English misfrom Moslem orphanages within a sionary, expressed his pleasure at very few days. There will be not this straightforward question, and his less than half a million destitute chil- further pleasure that the speaker was dren thrown on the Committee for able without hesitation to answer it support. In some places typhus is with stories of individual conversion, raging among the women thrown out as well as a short synopsis of an of Turkish harems. Homes have evangelistic attempt in which three been started in fifteen cities of Asia hundred and eighty soldiers pledged Minor, and preparations made for their allegiance to Jesus Christ as industrial training. their personal Saviour. These were partly new conversions, the re- Trouble Brewing in Afgbanistan mainder cases of reconsecration.

THE situation in Afghanistan has Young Men of India. caused much anxiety in British circles, owing to agitation by Mo- INDIA hammedan agents. It is reported that negotiations have been going on The Bible in Indian Villages between the new ameer of Afghanistan and the ameer of Bokhara for NINETY per cent of India· is the establishment of a central Asian made up of villages, and mis- Mohammedan confederacy, intended sionaries tell how they unexpectedly to include India. Such a union find the Scriptures in these out of would be a great detriment to the the way places. Colporteurs go from growth of Christianity. The former village to village, and usually find the ameer, Habibullah Khan, who was people willing to listen for hours to assassinated last February, was a explanations of the Bible. In one firm friend of the British, but there village, at the close of a meeting, the is more uncertainty about his suc- people stood round, evidently touched cessor, Aman Ullah Khan. The by what they had heard, and an old British are dealing with the situation man, speaking for the others said, with a firm hand and have already "These are good words, but they are defeated the ameer's forces in several new to us. You live so far away. engagements. It will be a long time before we see you again, and when you have gone Among Mesopotamian Forces we forget."

A RELIGIOUS worker among the In another village where there British ,forces in Mesopotamia were no Christians, a man brought says that he can never forget the out a very old worn Urdu Bible, tied eager faces of the men in religious with a string to prevent its falling to discussion groups, seated around a pieces. He told the following story: lantern out on the open desert at Years before he had been a Chrisnight. The men have proved that tian, and had studied his Bible for a they will turn out for Bible study, year and a half before being baptized. even during sleep hours and with the The opposition aroused by his contemperature at 1200 ; and the fact version was very bitter. He was that they were facing homeward gave badly beaten, his wife taken from unprecedented opportunity for evan- him, and being unable to withstand gelistic victories. the pressure he fell back. However, in his heart he still had faith in

Christ, and continued to read the turning by river, canal or path to Scriptures. Now he declares that he their distant villages. If once this wants to .preach the Gospel. He ancient, formal, Oriental church be- asked the missionary to take his comes alive to its responsibility for Bible and have it rebound. India's evangelization, a mighty ad- vance will be made.

,),he N estorian Christians of India A rian Christians held recently in CONVENTION of 30,000 Sy- Savara Mission Field B Travancore, South India, is described ETWEEN the Aryan language zone of North India and the by Dr. G. Sherwood Eddy, who is Dravidian of South India is a non- now holding meetings there. A tra- descript area, covering a little less dition, firmly held by these Nestorian than fifty square miles. Three dis- Christians, is that the Christian tinct races dwell there: the Savaras, churches were founded in South In- numbering about 200,000; the Paidis, dia by the Apostle Thomas. They an outcaste tribe, 50,000 and the were at first strongly missionary, but Paiks, a caste people, 50,000, The after a time wearied of their purpose Savaras are the serfs, the Paidis are and for hundreds of years "fell traders while the Paiks are the land asleep." barons. The Canadian Baptist Mis- About. a hundred years ago, the sionary Society has long been inter- Church Missionary Society of Eng- ested in this field and in 1902 a full land sent out missionaries to 'revital- time missionary was sent, Recently ize this ancient body of Christians, a medical missionary has gone to and twenty-five years ago the Syrian share in the work of freeing these Christians held their first convention. people from fear of .demons, and During the week of the recent show them what Christianity can do convention, Dr. Eddy addressed for them.

meetings day and night and the peo- The past eleven years has seen the ple were called upon to repent and establishment of three Christian . put away their sins. Classes and churches among the hills of that re- conferences had occupied the morn- gion. The first Paidi was baptized in ings; and morning, afternoon and 1907 and more than 450 have fol- evening the main topics discussed lowed his example. Several of the were sin, conversion, the first prin- earliest converts are now preachers, ciples of Christian life, and prepara- and eight or nine are teachers in the tion for evangelism. In the huge schools established, Several boys palm leaf pavilion where the meet- are studying in the Rajah's College ings were held the convention motto and two have entered theological hung- high above the heads of the classes at Cuttack.

seething masses below: "Personal Evangelism. The Greatest Work in SIAM AND TIlE LAOS the World; Winning Men One by Wild Folk of Siam One." I N the mountain recesses not far The final meeting was a dramatic from Tap Teang, Siam, there live a folk of negroid type, who wear no culmination, "As the people united clothing, subsist on roots, tender in intercession a wave of prayer leaves and nuts, and never have a swept the audience like the murmur roof over their heads. They have of the sea." After the address fifty great skill in the use of poisoned N estorian priests scattered among arrows, blown through long reed the people, while hundreds of others pipes, and when they set out on spoke to their neighbors or prayed hunting expeditions they dig a hole for themselves. Ten or twelve Hin- in the ground, leave their small childus also arose and accepted Christ, dren in it and cover the hole with Then the great crowd dispersed, re-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

branches, knowing that wild crea- sion of an adjoining property costtures will give this apparent trap a ing 41,000 ticals, purchased by t~e local Chinese. There are two resIwide berth. A few of these strange folk ap- dences on this ground. An addipeared at the Presbyterian mission in tional building with dormitory and Tap Teang one day at the close of .a class rooms will soon be erected, prayer meeting. When asked their costing approximately 50,000 ticals names they answered in Siamese. also covered by the Chinese sub- One woman they called Narok scription. Bangkok has an esti- (Hades) explaining that she was a mated Chinese population of 300,- terror when her temper was aroused. 000. The White Elephant. To the question, "What re~ig!on have you?" they answered, pomtmg CHINA to the sky, "We worship the G.reat Christl,mization of Chinese Idfe Person up there." They were given shoes and clothing. but were thor- THE Chinese Recorder for April, oughly confused as to the usual 1919. contains a symposium on .the type of work that should be conventions of dress, for the men arrayed themselves in dresses and the undertaken by the Christian Church women struggled into the coats and in China. One writer sees a danger trousers. There were only half that Chinese Christians may become enough shoes to go around. so they s"eflovreesi gonfifz efd~"omt hnuas t usr ha lu t tfienlglowtshheimpswent away happily, "one shoe off in Chinese society and consequently and one shoe on," render little help in improving the social order. It is pointed out that From the White Elephant.

Chinese at Bangkok College the Christian Church must openly and avowedly interest itself in all ONE of . the strongest Chinese problems of social justice and in cur- schools m Bangkok had an en- rent movements to offset this ten- dency' and that more guidance on rollment of nearly 200. In the fore- the p;rt of the Church in remoldit?g Chinese society would result m ground of the premises an idol tem- hearty support of the program of ple served notice ?~ the scho~l's .ad- Christianity from large numbers now prejudiced against it. It is takherence to superstition. The mstLtu- ing too much for granted to sup- pose that if a convert continues to tion apparently prospered, but other study the Bible and attend church he will find out for himself what forces were at work, some of them are the standards of a Christian business man, and how a Christian a1g0~00h0almf iltehse distant, and not long home is different from the non·· students and all the Christian.

teaching staff of this school entered The sphere of the institutional church· is forcibly outlined in the Bangkok Christian College. None senes of articles. Each church are as yet Christians, but ~ll are r~­ should study its own community and work acordingly, not according ceiving daily Bible instructIOn. ThiS to Western models only, but with a view to adapting Christian prinhopeful course of events may un- ciples to existing customs.

doubtedly be traced to the influence of an American College in Bethle- bheecma'mePa~' where a Chinese student Christian. wrote letters to his parents in Bangkok, earnestly commending them to the same decision; and they, proud of ~heir son:s attainment, developed an ~nterest m Christianity. withdrew their support from the pagan school and transferred it to the Christian College. Revised Mandarin Bible A The outcome is that the Bangkok LTHOUGH the resolution was passed in 1890 to secure an im- Christian College is now in posses-'

prov~d ver,sion of the Bible in Man- actual experiment. The students and darin, it was not until 1906 that the teachers have an Agricultural Society revision of the New Testament was and are issuing a year-book in Chi- completed; and the translation of the nese to make available to the Chinese Old Testament required twelve people whatever valuahle information years more, the tentative version they secure. The purpose of this de- being completed in 1918. The com- partment is to help Chinese Chris- mittee of translators was both rep- tians to develop strong character, resentative and cosmopolitan. It self-support and a strong Chinese was also international and inter- church and home life.

denominational, and all were earnest in the desire to leave nothing undone Union Language School in Peking M to produce a version which should be UCH attention is now being given to language study in worthy of its mission to some 300,- 000,000 of the human family. Every China and the North China Union part of the work received individual Language School registers an attendand collective scrutiny. Like the ance of 164, of whom 116 are mis- Corinthians of old, each translator sionary students, and the remainder had an interpretation from his own from business houses and foreign leviewpoint, but no rendering was gations. Everyone of the staff has adopted without agreement of th,e been put through a thorough series Chinese in regard to it. Thus many of psychological tests, and only those ,stumbling-blocks that would tum who are adapted to teaching are seaway educated Chinese from reading lected. The present staff of Chinese it were removed. Correspondents teachers numbers 45, and.a group of as far apart as Yunnan and Kansu, foreign teachers supplement the Kiangsu and Szechwan, write most work of native instructors. In adcordially of the reception given the dition to class work each student is new version. visited at his home or office by a Missionary Agriculture in China teacher, selected by the Director of the School, for an hour or two hours WHEN a Missionary society be· a day. This teacher has been pres- gins to teach agriculture one ent at the classes which the student might wonder where the modern ap- himself has attended, so that he plication of Christianity is likely to knows exactly what has been done lead. Canton Christian College agri- and the whole work is thoroughly cultural department is apparently of coordinated.

great potential value. The thorough- Outside the actual teaching of ness of this "educational agriculture" Chinese, the school is performing a does not stop with reading books very serviceable mission in the life about farming in the college library; of the community, and incidentally the pupils grow crops and cattle on it has played no sm,all part in bring- an ordinary Chinese hillside while the ing the British and American com- farmers look on in wonder because munities in Peking closer together.

their own efforts are not so success- ful. The Chinese farmer has his rule JAPAN—CHOSEN of thumb and afarmer's instinct, but Chair of ChrIstianity Proposed T simple and scientific principles as to HE Japanese Government's spe- cial commissions on Education has he has not learned many of the most how to prevent disease and how to recommended the establishment of select seed, or how to use machinery courses of study in Shinto in con- for irrigation. nection with the Tokyo Imperial The College has just issued the Universities and other schonls. This first scientific agricultural treatise adds interest to a recent gift of yen published in China. It is based upon 50,000, made by Mr. K. Watanabe

19191 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

to the Tokyo Imperial University It is not clear whether anything . for the study of Christian philoso- will come of it, but in all such move- phy. The university has not yet ac- ments among the Buddhists of Japan cepted the gift, though it is not clear one can see what a tremendous in- on what grounds it can be declined, fluence Christianity is having in this since the institution has for many land, for in practically every case years given courses in Buddhist and these activities are directly traceable other philosophies. In the depart- to the Christian impact. ment of philosophy at the Imperial University there are already two Japan Evangelist. Christians on the Faculty, who prob- ably contrive to say a good deal Korea Beady to Become Christian about Christian ethics in their lec- tures to classes. DR. SYNGMAN RHEE, Secre- tary of State of the Korean Henry C. Mable Memorial In Japan Provisional Government, recently stated that Korea was tired of idols YOKOHAMA is one of the six and would become Christian if she cities in Japan cited by the Na- were freed from Japan. This would tional Christian Educational Associa- make Korea the first independent tion of Japan as imperatively need- country in Asia to become Christian, ing a Christian School for boys. It but there is little prospect of political has a population of 500,000 and is release from Japanese control. The growing very rapidly. There is no Koreans have been trained under Christian Boys' school in the entire American missionaries and have improvince, and the two non-Christian bibed from them democratic ideas. schools are entirely inadequate. The Seven of the eight members of the Christian governor of the province Provisional Government Cabinet are has taken a keen interest in the mat- Christians. Hatred of idol worship ter, and urges not only a middle increases the detestation with which school, but also a commercial col- the Koreans meet the Japanese relege, and insists upon an out and out quirement that they bow to the Mi- Christian institution. The governor kado's image. Hundreds of the Kohas induced the Provincial Council reans have been persecuted and seto sell to the American Baptist For- verely punished for failure to comeign Mission Society a desirable site ply with this order. for a school which will be a memorial to the late Henry C. Mabie, a NORTH AMERICA former secretary of the Society. Church Membership in 1918 Buddhist Universities LAST year's gain in church mem- SEMI-AUTHENTIC reports credit bership aggregated only about the Buddhist forces of Japan with 284,599 for all denominations, aca plan to unite in one strong, central cording to Dr. H. K. Carroll's stauniversity. There is also a report tistics. There are several causes from the strong Honwanji of Kyoto which may explain this unusual that the leaders of that influential situation, the most influential of division of Buddhism are planning to which was undoubtedly the taking establish a Woman's University in of so many young ministers from the near future. A few years ago their pulpits to serve as chaplains in when the Woman's Christian College the Army and Navy, and for welwas beginning to take definite shape, fare work under the Red Cross, the there was soine talk of a Buddhist Y. M. C. A. and other organizations Woman's College and one report had in the camps and cantonments in this it that already yen 80,000 had been country. The closing of so many pledged. churches during the epidemic of last fall may also have affected the num- ber of accessions. The totalnum- ber of church, members now reaches

41,565,908, distributed as follows: Side who cannot speak English, and Roman Catholic, 14,927,466; Metho- since the need is felt of one language dist, 7,579,311; Baptist, 7,213,922; for one great American people a Lutheran, 2,443,812; Presbyterian, campaign has been started to make 2,259,358; Disciples of Christ, 1,511,- English the universal language in 160; Protestant Episcopal, 1,072,321; that district. Placards have been Congregational, 815,396; Reformed, placed in libraries, schools and other 519,962; United Brethren, 367,996 institutions, telling about the classes Evangelical, 209,697; Evangelical which have been started to teach the Synod, 260,045; Eastern Orthodox foreign-speaking people the English Churches, 472,794. language. The New York Board of Congregationalist and Advance. Education is behind the movement and is furnishing the teachers and Aliens in aNew Jersey Town classrooms. A display of posters, ONE must hark back as far as printed in various languages, pass on the Tower of Babel to duplicate to the Greek, the Russian and the the confusion of tongues that exists Pole information to this effect: in I;'erth Amboy, New Jersey. Wit~ "Learn English. Join the English ness the following statistics of nac classes nearest your home." tionalities: Hungarians, 1,074; Aus- The Congregationalist and Advance.

trians, 908; Russians, 839; Slavs, A 727; Danes, 651; Poles, 627; Ger- Pole Bnys up Bibles mans, 247; Italians, 365; Jews, 98; POLE recently called at the Greeks, 73; Norwegians, 57; Cana- headquarters of the Bible So- dians, 54. Individuals in smaller ciety in New York City and asked groups are divided by nationalities as for Bibles in his native tongue. He follows: 6 English, 39 Scotch, 18 was told at first that there were none French, 10 Portuguese, 2 Cuban, 26 available, but it chanced that at that Roumanian, 8 Spanish, 4 West In- very moment there were being deliv- dian, 15 Welsh, 1 Turk, 2 Mexican, ered. in the office a consignment of 11 Swiss, 5 Bohemian, 4 Serbian, 2 125 copies. The Polish customer in- Icelander, 3 African, 5 Lithuanian, 1 stantly said he would take them all, Finn and 1 Filipino. Nor is this the and paid for them in cash then· and whole story. The aliens classified as there. He was asked to what Church Jews and Slavs include nationalities he belonged, but answered that he from Southeastern Europe not yet was not a church member at all, ap- parently implying that he did not familiar to us by name. English-speaking Pro t est ant profess even to be a Christian. But churches are doing little for these he said he had found that the Bible foreigners with the exception that was a good book to read, and it did the First Presbyterian Church main- folks a lot of good to read it, and tains a Sunday-school, with occas- therefore he was going out to sell it ional preaching services. All the among his people.

aliens are clannish, having their own The Continent.

churches, their own amusements, their own newspapers, and they re- Union 01 Neighborhood Houses T tain, so far as possible, the cus- HIRTY-SEVEN Neighborhood Houses of New York City have toms of the countries from which they came. Need one go farther to formed a union to increase their infind a fertile field for missionary ef- fluence. The plan of the new orfort? ganization means Americanization in A Plan of AmericanJzation the broader sense, in bringing to- gether for mutual understanding the I T is said that there are about 150,- various forces that make up our city; 000 persons in New York's East Americanization for those who

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

through their. point of vantage have ated in 1871. Ogden Hall, a memor- forgotten or failed to comprehend ial to Robert C. Ogden, Hampton's what America really means, and senior trustee, a statesman who de- Americanization for those who have voted his energies to bringing about sought this country in the expecta- a sympathetic understanding of the tion of having an opportunity to put Negroes' problem was formally pre- in living form the hop.e that lies sented to the Board of Trustees, and within them. addresses were made by Hon. Wil- liam Howard Taft, Major R. R. Federation of Missions to Immigrants :Moton; and greetings were brought from the American Missionary As- AMONG the steps taken toward sociation, which in 1867 bought the more complete cooperation among tract of 157 acres on which Hamp- Home Mission Agencies during the ton Institute has been built. Gifts past year was the Federation of all amounting to almost $50,000 were missionary and immigrant aid agen- announced. cies working at Ellis Island. The name adopted is the "General Com- Our Duty to Mexican Immigrants mittee of Missionary and Immigrant Aid Work at Ellis Island." Their WHEN the absorbing problems of purpose is to promote the spirit of the war demand less attention cooperation, to keep on record plans the Mexican situation will come of work, to study the social needs again to the fore. Since 1910 Mexof the immigrants, to make the serv- ico has been in a state of volcanic ice more effective. eruption, hurling out thousands of refugees into the cities and towns of Twenty-four organizations are al- our southwest country; and there has ready members of the Federation been a "don't care" attitude toward and have appointed representatives. them which has allowed anarchistic These include Protestants and Ro- tendencies to thrive. The great mass man Catholics. Hebrews have been of Mexicans in this country are invited but have thus far not be- peons whose lot before coming here come affiliated. The chairman of was intolerable; long hours of toil the Central Committee is the Rev. were never rewarded with a wage Chas. P. Tinker, D. D.; and the Sec- which sufficed to pay their debt to retary is the Rev. William S. Beard. employers, but in the copper mines Meetings are held each month. of Arizona the humblest laborer re- ceives at least five dollars a day. The work of these organizations But money will not always transform consists in giving material aid to a hovel into a home, and right here those in need, in developing a spirit lies the secret of the problem. The of friendship, holding joint celebra- social and spiritual metamorphosis of tions, as at Christmas, a discussion of Mexican immigrants has not kept problems at the monthly meetings pace with their material betterment. and rendering various kinds of serv- They have not responded to Americe to the immigrants. ica's best ideals because they have not come in contact with the best Hampton's Fiftieth Anniversary type of Americans. The Church must show these people what Amer- THE Semi-centennial exercises of ica has to offer in opportunities for Hampton Institute, Virginia, right living. May 1-3, brought together a large company of representative white and The Shantymen's Christian Association colored citizens, many of whom had won distinction in the political, pro- THE missionaries of the Shantyfessional, business and religious life men's Chri5tian Association of of America. More than ZOO Hamp- Canada agree that the past year was ton Alumni returned, including all five of the first class that was gradu-

the best in their experience. One A Union Gradnte School in Urngnay missionary was told by the foreman of the camp in which he had spoken A GRADUATE School of Theol- ogy and Social Science is to be the night previous that he would located at Montevideo, capital of rather have that message than a the Republic of Uruguay, one of the most progressive of the South Amerpresent of a thousand dollars. The ican cities. This school will be conoldest missionary, Mr. P. A. Grand- ducted under the auspices of the jean, had the privilege of preaching Protestant Missions cooperating in to many hundreds of French Cath- Latin America. The faculty are to olics in their own language. In one be selected as men especially caor two camps individuals showed pable to present practical Christian their antagonism, but hundreds asked truth and lives of service to the peohim for Testaments, and when the ple of Latin America, especially the supply he had was exhausted gave young men of the colleges and unihim their addresses to have them versities. mailed to them. The eleventh annual meeting of this Association Social Center in Buenos Aires was held in Toronto, April 16. A SOCIAL service project recently Evangelical Christian. inaugurated in the Second Metho- dist Episcopal Church of Buenos LATIN AMERICA Aires is making an impression on the The Call of the Carajas city. Adjoining the church is a THE customs of the Carajas are vacant lot owned by the city, and as rudimentary as those of any the municipal authorities have granted people on earth. They live about a the privilege of using it, under rethousand miles from the coast of vocable license, for outdoor recrea- Brazil, a journey of four days by rail tion. Tennis courts and other recrefrom Rio de Janeiro, followed by three weeks on horseback and sev- ational facilities have been installed, eral weeks down stream in a canoe; through country without the slight- and under the guidance and instrucest trace of civilization, inhabited by people who acknowledge no other tion of the young people of the law than their own traditions. Unlike most Brazilians, they are not church, scores of children enjoy the idol-worshippers, and are largely free benefits of this playground; while from gross immorality and cruelty. the efforts made to bring them un- der Sunday-school influence and Interest in these savages took prac- teaching are meeting with success. tical shape in the minds of a little group of New Zealand women, and The church also has a dispensary; last October their first missionary started for that lonely region, but and medical, surgical and dental unhappily he never reached Brazil. He died of influenza on the voyage. treatment, all free of cost, thus Mr. Frederick C. Glass, a missionary at Maceio, Brazil, is now on his way touching needy humanity on another to visit the Carajas to study the situation, for to his mind the evan- surface. ' gelization of this tribe is not only important in itself, but is a step to- A Missionary Ranch in Chile ward reaching the four hundred other Amazon tribes., among whom ANOTHER unique enterprise has there is not yet one Gospel mission- recently been launched in South ary. ' America by the Methodist Episcopal Church. As an instruction center of agriculture and industry for the many thousands of Chilean peons, scarcely above the status of serfs,.a 3,700 acre estate at Angol, Southern Chile, has been purchased. This ranch was formerly owned by Man- uel Bunster, an English land baron, and is ideal for this contemplated,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

experiment in applied Christianity, work has recently been inaugurated with its extensive fruit orchards, well in Inhambane which aims to guide stocked barns and an abundance of this awakening independence into the modern agricultural appliances. proper channels. The Hartzell School opened in April, 1918, with ten pu- AFRICA pils, but enrolled thirty-three before the end of the month, and the aver- Unoccupied Fields in AfrIca age attendance is now about forty. The subjects taught are sewing, I N many parts of Africa there are housework, arithmetic, reading and large areas with no Christian mis- Bible. A special training class is. sionary whatever. In the French held for candidates for church mem- Congo there are eight million al- bership. most untouched; three million in the Kamerun; a quarter in Portuguese War Sets a New Standard for Wives Guinea and again in French Guinea a million and a half unreached by PRACTICALLY every able-bodied any missionary agency. In the Bel- man in the French colonies of gian Congo there are some mission North Africa saw service in the war. stations, but immense areas abso- The sojourn of so large a proportion lutely unclaimed, and something like of these Moslems in Europe, in close fifteen million people not touched by contact not only with European any program of any church what- troops but with the American "dough ever. There are vast areas in South boys" is a fundamental factor in the Africa, desert lands for the most breaking up of prejudice against part and with fairly slender popula- Christianity. A changed attitude tion, that have yet to be claimed; toward women is noticeable in the while in East Africa there are some- fighting men from North Africa as. thing like six and a half millions of another result of the war's influence. people still unreached by any evan- A number of Moroccans and other gelizing agency. Summing up all tribesmen married French girls of these areas, with those of the Sudan, the lower classes while in France. Nigeria, Egypt, Tripoli, Somaliland Although the lot of these 'girls is inand the others, the aggregate num- deed a hard one, because of the· ber of people not yet claimed for primitive condi:tions under which Christ is more than seventy million. they must live in their adopted coun- try, they have opened the eyes of Raising the Status of Women the men to the fact that a woman. can be something more than a chat- ABOUT the only commodities that tel. have not advanced in price are girls in Inhambane, East Africa. Schools for girls in both Algiers. One hundred and fifty dollars, or the and Constantine are beset at times. equivalent in cattle, was formerly by Moslem men seeking wives with the amount required to buy a girl, more learning than those of former but recently the price has been half days. that or less. Strange as it may seem, this buying and selling is in favor Bible Study in South Africa with the girls themselves, and the sum asked isa matter of no little T HE numerical strength of the· pride to the girl. Christian missions, Student Movement in South however, have reacted on this atti- Africa can be gauged by the fact tude. There is a manifest tendency that 9,000 copies of its Bible Study on the part of many women, both. in course are circulated annually. Of the. missions and out of them, to as- these nearly' 3000 go to members,- sert their womanhood, and there is every indication that the status of the rest to outsiders. About lo. women is graduany being raised. A per cent of the members are univer~. sity students. the others normal stu–

dents, and boys and· girls in the Sarawak, Borneo. What was for- principal schools of the Cape Free merly a wild jungle has been trans- State and the Transvaal. formed into a prosperous farm col- ony by the help of the English Rajah Record of Christian Work. of Sarawak, and Mr. Davis, an American Methodist missionary. Liberia the Gateway to Africa One of the colonies consists of DR. N. H. B. CASSELL, Presi- about one hundred settlers, who dent of the College of Liberia, came from Hinghwa, China, estab- recently addressed the students of lished themselves on the bank of the Hampton Institute and made a Egan River, and later moved up to strong appeal to Afro-Americans. the neighboring hillsides. After cut- ting down the trees and clearing the "He who follows history at present, bush they began to plant their rice he who reads the signs of the times, and to raise vegetables and other must realize that Africa, in the re- crops. Foreign agricultural machinadjustment which is now taking place ery was introduced, but there were at the world's great conference, is no horses to draw the plows, mowgoing to be assigned its proper place, ers and reapers. When they tried that its people are no longer to be the water buffaloes, the frightened exploited; that international justice animals ran away. After harnessing and international good will will be men to the machines and finding this realized and exercised upon the same method impracticable they finally principle as personal justice. adopted the use of the steam tractor, and so solved the problem. "Think of Liberia as being pos- -sibly the great pivot wheel around Churches and schools have been which is to be evolved that great re- established, and the colony presents public in Africa; that Liberia, having a very prosperollS appearance. It is been established on the West Coast thus helping to solve the complex of Africa through American philan- problems of how to reclaim jungles, thropy, is going to be the gateway how to establish colonies of settlers through which is to be established in from over-populated China and how Africa a great democracy. Liberia to develop self-supporting Christian has stood for seventy years contend- communities in Malaysia. ing with tremendous odds while all of Africa except it has been divided Former German New Guinea among European peoples. Liberia stands for quite a different thing GERMAN New Guinea will long than the methods of the peoples who carry the marks of German adhave been colonizing Africa. It ministration. Now that the colony stands for republican ideas in Africa. is under the control of the Austral- It stands for the establishment of the ians, it is curious and interesting to religion of Jesus Christ in Africa. note some of the effects of the It stands for the adoption of a na- change. Mr. Thomas J. McMahon tional ideal." reports in Chamber's Journal, that the native, having long been treated Dr. Cassell urged upon young with harshness, is inclined to regard Afro-Americans their responsibility his new freedom as absolving him of going into Africa to carry the from all obligations, and reacts to Christian ideals which will build a make him idle and useless. "Me no strong nation. frighten of government" is his in- dependent attitude; while his power Record of Christian Work. of cunning is manifesting a new de- velopment. ISLANDS OF THE SEA New Guinea has great possibilities. An Industrial Experiment in Borneo Nat one of the tribes, Mr. McMahon AN interesting and successful ex- periment in establishing a colony of Chinese laborers is reported from

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tells us, is low in standards of intelligence. At the missions one can find Dr. George Heber Jones of New York T natives capable of doing every sort HE REV. GEORGE HEBER JONES, one of the pioneer misof mechanical work; some even have literary potentialities, sufficient to sionaries to Korea, died on May 11 make good teachers. At the missions, in Florida after a protracted illness.

correct English is insisted upon, and He was born at Mohawk, N~ Y., Au- the former outlaridish dialect is not gust 14, 1867, and was converted in allowed. In that tongue one asks a revival in his home church, litica, for a cross-cut saw with the for- N. Y., in 1883. He went as a mis- mula: "Pull him, he come; push him, sionary of the Methodist Episcopal he go; all time eat tree." Or if one Church to Korea in 1887.

asks for a bottle of beer he says: His first five years in Korea were "fight em bottle," a metaphor the spent largely in the educational work "Drys" would approve. in Seoul as professor and president Sumatra, Is1and or Superstition of the Paichai High school and Col- lege. In 1892, Dr. Jones went to E R. HIBBARD enjoys the dis- Chemulpo, to open up Methodist • tinction of being the first white work on the West Coast of Korea, missionary sent to southern Sumatra. where he made his headquarters for He has recently come from this is- the next ten years. When he went land of superstition and relates some to Chemulpo, there were no Chris- interesting facts about its people. tians in all that region. Ten years Roughly speaking, the island is as later there was a presiding elder of long as from New York to Chicago the District, every church of which and about 400 miles wide. It has he had himself organized; every a population of 5,000,000, but could preacher and class leader was a son easily support all the people in the in the Gospel to him; and he had United States, so great are its possi- personally baptized every church bilities in trade and agriculture. It member in the District.

has a polyglot mixture of races. At Dr. Jones was a member, 1902 to a single service in Mr. Hibbard's 1905, of the Board of Translators of church, held in the Malay tongue, the Bible into Korean. He was Vice- may be seen Ambonese, Menadenese, President of the Korea Branch of Japanese, Malays, British, Indians, the Royal Asiatic Society from its Chinese and Javanese, besides Dutch founding until his permanent re- and English, not forgetting that the moval from Korea. Dr. Jones' lit- preacher is an American. Idolatry, erary works include the following witchcraft and animism, mixed with in Korean: "Studies in the Old Mohammedanism, is their religion. Testament"; "The Korean Methodist Slavery is not yet stamped out, and Hymn Book"; "Korean-English Dic- polygamy is universal. The wealthy tionary of Scientific and Technical classes are Arabs and Chinese. Every- Terms." He was Korea Correspond- thing American is much sought ent of the London Times from 1893 after-one young Arab desired the to 1894, and editor of the Korean missionary to bring him back an Repository from 1895 to 1898. He American wife-and there is the wrote in English: "Korea-The most intense longing to learn Eng- . Country and People," one of a series lish. Palembang supports a school of little books on Methodist Missions.

of 160 pupils and four teachers, In 1916 Dr:. Jones was elected Sec- where all primary and some high retary of the Foreign Missions Con- school subjects are taught. This city ference of North America, and for a of 60,000 people has but one white number of years was editor of the doctor. All the other practice is in Annual Report of the Methodist the hands of witches. Board of Foreign Missions.

MISSIONARY LIBRARY'

The Mastery of the Far East. By importance; the power of Protestant Arthur Judson Brown. Illustra- missions is described as the chief fac- ted. 8vo, 671 pp. $6.00 net. tor in Korea's awakening. The "po- Charles Scribner's Sons, New litico-missionary" complication which York, 1919. has arisen from the annexation by Korea, the thumb and Japan the Japan is disturbing to all Christians and distressing to Koreans. The fingers, extending from the eastern problem is greater than appears on "Coast of the eastern hemisphere, are the surface and while many wil1 be the subject of this important and less patient with Japan than is Dr. fascinating volume. Dr. Brown has Brown, it is worth while to gain his made special study of his subject for balanced viewpoint. Nowhere else "Some fifteen or twenty years, has vis- can we find such an array of valited the lands of which he writes uable information concerning Korea and Japan and their relations to the and by close contact with Japanese present crisis. Many may disagree :and Korean leaders, and with Amer- with Dr. Brown as he endeavors to ican missionaries has gained an in- steer a course between the pro-Japtimate knowledge and viewpoint that anese attitude of Prof. George Trumwould be impossible for many. bull Ladd and the anti-Japanese view- point by Prof. Jeremiah Jenks. The The first two divisions of this vol- subject is a difficult one to treat, but Ume describe Korea and its strategic this volume seeks to present the facts importance, its history, people, cus- clearly and with justice. There is toms and religion. The Japanese much here that prepares one to underannexation of Korea was in part the stand the Japanese and their system natural outcome of the war with Rus- of government and the underlying sia, but both the war and the annexa- causes of the present disturbances in tion were due to Japan's desire to Korea. gain a foothold on the continent of Asia. Dr. Brown views sympathet- Adventures in Alaska. By S. Hall ically the Japanese national ambition Young. Illustrated. 12mo. 181 pp. and points out the material advan- $1.25 net. Fleming H. Revel1 Co., tages to Korea in Japanese rule. The 1919. new regime has, however,' crowded Pioneering is always full of advenout, the old without much reference ture and Dr. Young's experiences in to justice or mercy. Alaska-among the Indians and the The third section of the book re- miners and Eskimos-are full of ex- citing and dramatic episodes. Through lates to Japan as a growing imperial them all Dr. Young proved himself a power and is fil1ed with valuable in- man and a Christian missionary. This formation. The chapter on Japan volume describing his adventures and America will be read with par- will be of especial interest to young ticular interest. Dr. Brown advises people. The narratives have' to dl) against arousing the antagonism of with the stampedes for gold, with hunting bears and walrus and with the Japanese, but thinks that with the people of the Great Northwest. fair and courteous treatment the Every young boy and many old two countries should continue in boys will find these stories of real life most fascinating and stimulating. friendly relationship. The last one hundred pages relate to Christian missions in the Far East and are especially important in the present crisis. The influence of Christian missions is shown in all its 558 A Pilgrim in Palestine. By John Asiatic ambitions. He shows the in- H. Finley.. Illustrated. 8vo, 251 fluence of the war on national spirit, pp. :1"2.00 net. Scribners, 1919. education and caste; the economic Thif, is a most interesting account improvement and its results; the many changes and reforms in cusof Dr. (Col.) Finley's journeys on toms and beliefs, the religious movefoot in Palestine just after General ments and results of education and Allenby's recovery of the Holy Land the agitation for Home Rule. Transfrom the Turk. Dr. Finley is not formations, however, are slow of only an educationalist and an author, operation and must be awaited with but is a poet, a famous pedestrian, and patience. a Red Cross Relief Colonel. Several of his excellent poems appear inter- The chapters are informing and ~persed with his descriptions of Gen- fined with striking facts. Dr. Fisher eral Allenby, and his observations and sees the difficulties, but is confident experiences in his journey from Beer- as to the outcome. While not prisheba to Dan. The book is well writ- marily religious in its purpose and ten from a literary point of view and contents, the book is Christian in interesting reading, but does not add viewpoint and contains exceedingly materially to our knowledge of the valuable information for those who country and people, to our under- are interested in the Christianizing of standing of the present problems or India. to our information on Red Cross relief work in the tragic days of the A Crusade of Compassion. By Dr. Deliverance. Belle J. Allen and Caroline At- water Mason. 12mo, 240 pp. India's Silent Revolution. By Fred 50 cents boards; postage 7 cents. B. Fisher. Illustrated. 12mo. Central Committee on the United 192 pp. $1.50. The Macmillan Study of Foreign Missions. West Co., New York, 1919. Medford, Mass., 1919. .India is in the throes of a revo- Mrs. Mason, the capable writer of lution. Only faint echoes and pulsa- many volumes. has here turned her tions reach America to indicate the attention to editing the valuable disturbance. Some signs are Cllt out material gathered by Dr. Belle J. by the censors and others are weak- Allen of India. Medical mission work ened or disappear in traversing the is conceived as a crusade in which twelve thousand miles. N everthcless the forces of mercy and technical India is being revolutionized eco- skill are marshaled and arrayed to nomically, socially, politically and overcome physical ignorance, negreligiously. The story is fascinating, lect, and disease. The medical misthough in some respect disturbing, sionaries are described as a "Batand Dr. Fisher has written his own talion of Life." Practically all nonpersonal observations in a thought Christian peoples are in the batcompeIling fashion. As a missionary, talions of physical as well as of a traveler and a mission Board of- moral and spiritual death; 10,000,000 ficial at home he has viewed the situ- are ignorant, indifferent or neglecation, the forces and the changes at ted and only about 1,000 medical close range and at a distance as to missionaries are seeking to serve both time and space. This is a dis- them. As a result, the diseases of tinct advantage for perspective and heathen lands spread to America for vivid impressions. and England.

Dr. Fisher first describes the im- After a general description of the portant position of India and the pos- problems and work of medical missible influence that her three hundred sions, the book takes up specifically millions may exert either on the side the conditions in India, China, Korea, of Anglo-Saxon culture or of lower the Philippines, Siam, Moslem lands and Africa. The detailed facts and other water courses. It is a story interesting. incidents add life and worth reading. color to the story and its appeal. One lady, uninterested in foreign "The Great Plan:" How to Pay for missions, was given the hook to read. She assented rather unwil- the War. A. E. Stilwell. 160 lingly but when she returned the volume, she remarked, "Thank you pages. $1.00. Published by Hod- for loaning that book; I have read der & Stoughton, London, New it twice and want to get every other York, Toronto. 1918. woman in our church to read it." The author promises that if his Mexico–Today and Tomorrow. By great "Plan" is worked out after the E. D. Trowbridge. 8vo. 282 pp. war is over no country need fear $2.00. The Macmillan Co. conscription of wealth, too heavy Mr. Trowbridge gives a concise taxation, or bankruptcy. His fun- damental thought is; "If the world history of Mexico down to the pres- unites to secure peace and to limit ent day with detailed accounts of armies and navies, this tremendous the recent presidents, the revolu- saving could be capitalized. It is tionary parties, the new constitution perfectly feasible to use this world and the present material needs. Lit- saving as a SiI1king Fund, and if tle is said of the religious situation this be done, there is available at . or of the outlook for evangelical once as much wealth as all the Christanity. The author is an ad- gold and silver mines in the world mirer of Carranza and hopes for a could produce in 250 years, and ~radnal restitution of order in Mex- those on earth to-day would derive the benefit as prosperity would at ICO. once ensue."

Captain Bickel of the Inland Sea. Mr. Stilwell, who was formerly By Charles K. Harrington. Illus- President of the Kansas City and trated. 8vo. 301 pp. $1.75. Re- Mexico Orient Railroad, considers vell,1919. that the Sinking Fund will be, the Captain Luke W. Bickel was a most satisfactory and stable that has ever existed, as the whole world unique character who did a unique will stand behind it. This cash con- piece of work. As a missionary of sideration, he believes, will also the American Baptist Foreign Mis- assure one hundred years of peace. sion Society he traveled for twenty years up and down the Inland Sea The Religious Digest. An Illus- of Japan, helping the people and trated monthly. $2.00 a year. 156 preaching the Gospel. He came es- Fifth Ave., New York. pecially into contact with Japanese who lived on small islands and re- This new religious "Journal of mote from routes of travel. These Service" has recently been launched islanders were ignorant and immoral to do in the religious world what the –even to the extent of promiscuous Literary Digest does so successfully sexual relationships. They greatly in the secular sphere. It is published needed the message and the influ- by Mr. Theodore Waters, formerly ence brought by Captain Bickel on of the Christian Herald. The first the little "Fukuin Maru." The work few numbers' are attractive and exwas fruitful, as many incidents in the hibit editorial ability. The departlife story reveal. . ments include Religion in Industry, Social Interests, The League and the Captain Bickel's many adventures Church, Religious Education, Commake his biography of great in- munity Centers, Views of the Denomterest. The work is of a type that inations, The Church Abroad, News might well be undertaken on many and Religion in Books. New Missionary Books You Need On the Themes of Mission Study for 1919-20: Christian Americanization: Christianity and Human Conservation THE LATEST PUBLIOATIONS OF THE MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT NEW LIFE OURRENTS IN OHINA…… . … .. …………… '" Mary Ninde Gamewell New lIre currents are vitalizing and rcgeneratmg Old OhIna. A "movjng picture" of the wonderful work be~ng done by Chr..stian MISS ons Physic-ally and spiritually they a.re he!pmg to develop a mighty DatIOn. Illustrated.

Price, cloth, 75 cents; paper, 50 cents; postpaid.

FOREIGN MAGIC……………………………. . .. .Jean Carter Cochran The "magic" is wrought by Christian physic:ans in Ohinf'. Here is a book that will appeal to a wide circle of readers. A serious subject touched with a gentle humor.

Illustrated. Price, $1.50, postpaid.

CHRISTIAN AMERICANIZATION.. . . …………. " . Dr. Charles A. Brooks Here is a valuable book for those who are striving to accomplish 1Jhe "after-the-war" tasks. It outlines the part the church must take in solving new problems. Illustrated.

Price, cloth, 75 cents; paper, 40 cents; po~tpaid.

MINISTERS OF MERCy………………………… . ……… . Dr. James H. Franklin The stories of ten famous medical miss~ona.rjes are told in the ten chapters of this book. Wonderful glirnpsfls oi Christian missions in the F'ar East. Illustrated.

Price, cloth, 75 cents; paper, 50 cents; pOBtpaid.

THE HONORABLE CRIMSON TREE ……………………………….. .. Anila B. Ferris The boys and girls of China, with their childish hopes and trials and ambitions are singularly like the boys and girls here at home, EIght bright and wholesome stories.

Illustrated. Price, cloth, 60 cents; paper, 40 cents; postpaid.

ORDER FROM YOUR DENOMINATIONAL MISSION BOARD OR FROM THE MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT, 160 Fifth Ave., New York The Missionary Training Institute NYACK-ON-HUDSON How beautifUl upon the mountains are the teet of him that bringeth GOOD TIDINGS ~ -~=-.

Our Motto CHRIST 'iltbe eur~abiour mbole 1Sible ~andifier to :rt;ealer tbe aub UlboleUlorIb UComingiting ~ I ~ THE INSTITUTE ON THE HILLSIDE DC, rOU KNOW THE GOOD TIDINGS? Is a Great Training Camp for Defender'< of Is the Bible an open book to you? Is the tile Faith, Heralds of the Cross, Ambassadors of wealth or itR m<l'!.age of Light and Lite' and God. Hope rea]?

00 YOU POSSESS A BURNING LOVE FOR SOULS?

Is the greatest desire of your life the salvation a.nd sanctifica.tion of men? Are you awake to #-1., … trllf1 condition of helplessness and misery, now and eternally, of every soul without Christ?

.. ""ally havo tile call of God and want to learn how to corry the GOOD TIDINGS to .2r at- home or abroad, come to THE MISSIONARY TRAINING CAMP ON THE HILLSIDE WRITE FOR CATALOG NYACK, N. Y. OPENS SEPTEMBER 9th. 1919 I Please mention THE MISSIONARY RE;VIE;W OF 't1I~ WORLD in writing to advertisers ~ ·PAC…-T..S…..W…OR~T.H-".Q""U,,O"T,,JN….G….~ Alaska has passed a stringent anti-liquor law. This reveals a high standard of public opinion. All over Alaska native councils have been formed which give tone to local sentiment and promote friendly cooperation between the native and white population. (See page 498.) … … … 01< … …

A $200,000 "Church of All Nations" was completed and dedicated in Boston last year. Its industrial department for the destitute paid over $75,000 in wages in one year, and the Children's Settlement ministers to about 12,000 children each week. Other great cities are seeking to establish work of this kind, and missionaries in China, Korea, Japan, India and South America are asking for similar· enterprises. (See page 500.) * '" '" '" >I< '"

Scarcely any of the rescued Armenian refugees wish to emigrate to North or South America. All are intent upon returning to their home towns, though they know their houses have been destroyed. (See page 511.) * .. * * .. '"

There are about 500,000 Mormons in the world, more than three-fifths of them being in Utah. Of this number not more than half are closely affiliated with . Mormonism as a religion. Many of them are better than their creed, having ab- sorbed much of Christian truth through contact with Christian education. (See page 525.) '" * * * '" * Of the 336,000 Indians in the United States, 47,569 are without Christian educa- tion or an opportunity to hear the Gospel. Of the 29,173 Indian children, only 8,560 have religious instruction in school. The Home Missions Council proposes a vigor- ous policy of evangelization and education for these neglected wards of the nation. (See page 545.) '" '" '" * '" '"

An Intersociety Conference held in Edinburgh last April to promote greater cooperation among workers for Jews was especially timely in view of the present unrest among the 12,000,000 Jews in the world. The plans discussed include arbitration on points of disagreement, territorial division and cooperation in institutional work. (See page 485.) '" '" '" * '" * The Pope has permitted the Gospels and Epistles at Mass in Italy to be read in the vernacular. This will lead many to read the Scriptures for themselves. (See page 545.) '" '" * '" .. '" A Chinese student from Siam became a Christian while attending an American college, wrote letters to his parents commending them to the same decision, thereby developing their interest in Bangkok Christian College, with the result that this insti- tution is now in possession of an additional property worth 41,000 ticals. (See page 549.) … … '" … … …

Seven of the eight members of the newly proclaimed Korean Provisional Govern- ment Cabinet are Christians, and the Secretary of State recently stated that Korea would become Christian if freed from the rule of Japan. This would be the first independent country of Asia to become a Christian nation. (See page 550.) '" '" '" * '" '"

A graduate School of Theology and Social Science is to be located at Montevideo, the capital of Uruguay, under the auspices of Protestant Missions cooperati in Latin America. The faculty will be selected as qualified to present tian truth. (See page 554.) .. '" '" .. * *

BOOKS ON MISSIONS

Albania, Past and Present. By Con- Does God Have stantine A. Chekrezi. 12mo. 255 pp. a Plan for $2.25. The MacMillan Company, New Your Life? York, 1919. You will find a vital answer in Christina Forsyth of Fingoland. By W. McConkey's booklet, "The God- P. Livingstone. 12mo. 248 pp. $1.50. Planned Life." A personal mes- George H. Doran Company, New sage to every Christian. Valuable York, 1919. also for leaders of missionary, devotional, and mid-week prayer The War Romance of the Salvation services. Sent absolutely free. Army. By Evangeline Booth and Do not fail to drop a postal to Grace Livingston Hill. 12mo. 256 pp. the publishers for it. Address $1.50. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, Pa., 1919. SILVER PUBLISHING COMPANY A Plea for Greater Unity. By Seth W. Gilkey, D. D. 12mo. 378 pp. $1.50. Dept. T The Gorham Press, Boston, Mass., Bessemer Building, PITTSBURGH, PA. 1919. American Motherhood Japan and World Peace. By K. K. Kawakami. 12mo. 196 pp. $1.50. For Every Home in the Land The MacMillan Company, New York, 1919. Fifty Years in China. By Samuel Isett Woodbridge. 12mo. 231 pp. The Presbyterian Committee of Publica- tion, Richmond, Va., 1919. Hadassah, (The Star of the Persian Court). By Florette Truesdell Miller. 12mo. 83 pp. $1.25. The Stratford Company, Boston, Mass., 1919. Fighting for a New World. By Charles W. Dabney. 12mo. 108 pp. 75c. The Abingdon Press, New York, 1919. Madam France. By R. Louise Fitch. 12mo. 189 pp. $1.50. The Womans Press, New York, 1919. Unfolding in Romans: A Simple Expo- sition of Chaps. I to VIII. By Robert Thomson. 12mo. 136 pp. 3/ net. Morgan & Scott, Lt., London, 1919. Christ as a Teacher. By John W. Way- land. 16mo. 70 pp. $1.00. The Stratford Company, Boston, Mass., 1919.

I'AMPHLETS The War and the Religious Outlook. Recognized Authority on By Robert E. Speer. 2.9 pp. The The MOTHER Association Press, New York, 1919. The CHILD and Christian Principles Essential to a New The HOME World Order. By W. H. P. Faunce. $1.25 per Year 16 pp. The Association Press, New With Mi••ionary Review, $3.15 York, 1919. The Church's Message to the Nation.

By Harry Emerson Fosdick. 23 pp.

The Association Press, New York, 1919. Indian Missions, Obligations and Oppor- tunities. By Home Missions Council. 9 pp. New York; 1919.

Christian America, Bulletin No.2, by Home Missions Council. 27 pp. New Yor~, 1919. "·-<ion. Report of the .. Jrk. By Home pp. New York, THE ARTHUR H. CRIST CO.

lYl'J. Cooper.town, N. Y.

The Christian Opportunity in 'Soldier Settlements. By Lemuel Call Barnes, D. D. 9 pp. The Home Missions Council, New York, 1919.

Pleat aention THJt ::MISSIONAlty R~Vl~W •• '1'•• WOR.LD in writinc te ad.vertisers

VilI

~orbon 1iible MISSIONARY PERSONALS (!College Continued from page I SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY PROF. SAM HIGGINBOTTOM, of the Amer- SCHOOL OF MISSIONS ican Presbyterian Mission in India, has been temporarily transferred from Allaha- THEOLOGICAL, Missionary, bad Agricultural Institute to Gwalior as Religious-Educational College Director of Agriculture.

course of 4 years. Graduate School * *. * of Theology, 3-year course. Col- DR. CORNELIUS H. PATTEN, Secretary of legiate and advanced degreo. Two the American Board, has sailed for Korea, year collegiate training course. In- China, Japan and possibly India to gather terdenominational. A power-house material for surveys of the Interchurch of evangelistic spirit, a School of World Movement. Dr. Patton hopes to Prayer, with university standards see a lining up of all the missionary of scholarship. Notable faculty and forces representing the United States and student body. New and beautiful Canada in the great cities of Eastern fireproof buildings, with dormi- Asia.

tories. Organized religious work. *** Self-support. For catalog and cor- DR. HENRY CHURCHILL KING, President respondence, address of Oberlin College, has been appointed one of two American members of the NATHAN R. WOOD, President International Peace Commission to take a plebiscite in Syria, and to submit recom- Cordon BibJe College Boston, Mass. mendations as to its disposition.

… >I< …

REV. R. A. TORREY, D. D., Dean of the Los Angeles Bible Institute, has accepted an invitation of missionaries in China to spend several months in the Orient. He plans to sail this summer.

,.. ,.. ,..

HARTFORD DR. CHARLES W. DREES of the Metho- dist Mission at Montevideo, Uruguay, has W. Douglas Mackenzie recently been in Madrid, representing his PresIdent denomination at the Jubilee Meeting of Spanish Protestant missions. Theological Seminary * * ,.. Dean, M. W. Jacobus MR. GEoRGE GoRDON KING, treasurer of School of Religious Pedagogy the Protestant Episcopal Board of Mis- sions, presented his resignation in May, Dean, E. H. Knigh t to take effect October I, 1919. Mr. King has' given ten years of painstaking service Kenned·y School of Missions to this honorary post.

Secretary, E_. W. Capen *** Through these associated schools Hartford REV. ARTHUR W. PAYNE, an English offers full training for: worker among the Jews, has gone to Palestine to take charge of the Christian 1. The Christian ministry. and Missionary Alliance Church in Jeru- 2. The whole field of religions education. salem, an American Mission. 3. The foreign field. *** DR. H. W A'l'SON SMITH, physician in charge of the Lebanon Hospital for the Insane in Beirut, is in the United States to present the needs of that Institution, which was stripped of everything portable during the war, although the buildings' were undamaged, and patients were cared for throughout the entire peri,,'] Each school has its independent faculty ".(,'

and its own institutional life, and together MR. 1. they form one interdenominational institution elect in NanndLo who has been studying in AmertLd, H~' with the unity of common aim and spirit. been appointed to a professorship in Union Seminary for the current year.

* .. ..

Please mention 'rJI]~ MISSIONARY REVIEW 01" 'rIll!: WORl.D in writing to advertisers

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1919

XLII NUMBER

JUNE, i919 THE VALUE OF INOUSTRIAL TRAINING J. DU PLESSIS MEN AND MINERALS IN KATANGA JOHN M. SPRINGER THE PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOL IN AFRICA SIR HARRY JOHNSTONE AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO'

SAMUEL .GUY INMAN SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA JAMES DEXTER TAYLOR THE CHURCH AND THE INDUSTRIAL SITUATION'

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HARTFORD ~orbon jiible (!College W. Douglas Mackenzie President SCHOOLOFTBEOLOGY 'Theological Seminary SCHOOL OF MISSIONS – Dean, M. W. Jacobus THEOLOGICAL, Missionary, Religious-Educational College School of Religious Pedagogy course of 4 years. Graduate School Dean, E. H. Knight of Theology, 3-year course. Col- Kennedy School of Missions legiate and advanced degrees. Two • year collegiate training course. In- Secretary, E. W. Capen terdenominational. A power-house Through these associated schools Hartford of evangelistic spirit, a School of -offers full training for: Prayer, with university standards I. The Clu"lstiu miDistry. of scholarship. N otahle faculty and 2. The whale field of religions edncation. 3. The foru'gn field. student body. New and beautiful fireproof buildings, with dormi- Each school has its independent faculty and its own institutional life, and together tories. Organized religious work. they form one interdenominational ins!i!Dtion Self-support. For catalog and corwith the unity of common aim and SPlnt. ; respondence, address NATHAN R. WOOD, President Gordon Bible College Boston, Mass..

Please mention TH:E: MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE; WORLD in writing to advertisers THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. EJiior.

CONTENTS FOR JUNE. 1919 FRONTISPIECE-SCllNllS IN 'I'Hll KORllAN INDllPllNDllNCll MOVEMllN'l'

SIGNS OF THE TIMES . • 401 THll LllAGuJt OJ! NA'l'IONS THll LItAGUit OJ! DENOMINA'l'IONS STRUGGLJt YOR LIBllR'l'Y IN KORllA SHALL CHRlS'l'IANS IN'l'1lRVJtNJt IN RUSSIA?

JESUS CHRIST ALL IN ALL. A Bible Study . . By SAMUEL M. ZWllMllR 409 THE VALUE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN MISSIONS By J. DU PUSSI! 411 An illuminating paper giving reasons for emphasis on industrial training among primitive peoples. Illustrated with photographs.

MEN AND MINERALS IN KATANGA . By JOHN M. SPRINGllR 421 The great need and opportunity in the mineral fields of South Africa, a place where men are ruined or rescued. Illustrated with photographs.

PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOL IN AFRICA . . By SIR HARRY JOHNS'l'ONit 426 The former governor of British East Africa, an authority on the subject, shows the effect of alcohol on the native races of Africa and the steps toward prohibition.

AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO. By SAMUllL GUY INMAN 431 A full account of the new program whereby the territory in Mexico is to be divided for missionary work among variof'-S denominations. With map.

SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA By JAMES DllXTllR TAYLOR 439 The far reaching effects of the defeat of Germany are clearly shown in re- lation to missions in German colonies.

THE CHURCH AND THE INDUSTRIAL SITUATION By CHARLES A. BROOKS 447 One of the secretaries of the Baptist Home Mission Society shows the in- creased responsibility of the Church in view of the large industrial centers that have developed during the past few years.

BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT . . Edited by MRS. E. C. CRONK 453 WORKING BY PROXY WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARMllR 459 CHRISTIAN LI'l'llRA'l'URll YOR MISSION FIllLDS NEWS FROM MANY LANDS • 464 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY . 479 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1919, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y, under the Act of March 3, 1879.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBUSHING COMPANY, Inc.

PUBLICATION OFFICE:. EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE:. COOPERSTOWN. N. Y. 1S6 FIFTH AVE.• NEW YORK CITY.

RoBItR~ E. Spl!JlR, President D1lLJtVAN L. PIltRSON, Secretory FRANK L. BROWN, Vice-President WAL'l'llR McDOUGALL, Treasurer NATIONAL PROSPERITY DR. ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN BRINGS GREATER RESPONSIBILITY Secretary of the Presbyterian Board for Foreign Missions, devotes 11 chapters in Some VI CP""U"R"'PWOISTEH' With his new book NEW Books Fresh The Mastery of the Far East Statements to the place of Christian missions among the rcconstructh e forces in the Far East, pur- The Business Man tkul'lrly in Korea. He also discusses briland His "Overflow" {81Ml1~ liantly tJ,e political, economic and social phases of the F8.r Eastern situation. WIUIAM E. SWEET MAN 671 pp., map, illustrated, $6.00 A successful business man's prc:o;cnta- APilgrim In Palestine tion of how t.o spend the mur:;in of ono's By JOHN FINLEY =:i:c f~~ :~~rJYp~~r~~,.ivitieCJo;hI,I~J! CommiS8ioner of Education of the Slate of New York Christianity's Unifying Fundamental THOUGHT~1;~ Dr. Finley, long a close student of the HENRY F. WARING LAYMEN Holy r.and, was an ideal choice for Red Cross Comrrissioner to Palestine. He de.cribes Deven)s the realil.y of Christ-and points bere !-is night on the Mount of Olives, h;s journeys on foot from Beersheba to Dan, from the way to the acceptance of that real- Jaffa to Jericho and in many of the "byity in the fullest measure. Clolh~ $l,Z5 paths" to historic places. Illustrated, $2.00 Hearth and Altar FOR THE I[~CHARLES SCRIBNERs SONS OSCAR L. JOSEPH HOME ~FlFTIl AVE.AT48~ST. NEWYORK A five minnIe family devotional sf"A'vice is huilt around a themo for each of thirteen weelu., of great value individually and sociany~ Cloth, $1.2:5 Heroes FOR BOYS HUGH A. MORAN AND PARENTS Twelve ~rentlivf'-s are studied ill n way which Jlelps a hero-Joving hoy to apply the principles of Christiunliving 10 his own life. Cloth, 7St At your Book Store or frOnl us I I lVl'ile for Folder: Ilcconslrucl ion Books ASSOCIATION PRESS YOU CAN STAY AT HOME Publication Department and International Committee, Y .11. C. A. PREACH THE GOSPEL TO 347 MADISON AVENUE – NEW YORK MOHAMMEDANS – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – .__ . – – – – – – – – – – – – through One of the aims of our advertising depart- The American Christian Literature ment is to be helpful to those of Society for Moslems OUR READERS (Incorporated in 191$) who are seeking infonnation about articles they wish to purchase whether found in This Society is Interdenominational our advertising columns or not. We will Committees of Missionaries Cooperate' on gladly answer your inquiries and endeavor to fulfil your requirem..nts by putting you the Fields in touch with responsible business houses. .The Literature is Adapted to Moslems OUR ADVERTISERS The Messages are Thoroughly Evangelical The Tracts are Printed Attractively are deserving of your patronage. We be- They go where no Missionaries are allowed speak for them your consideration. They can be read in secret and rt'peatedly Business Department Many Moslems have been converted through Tracts. Missionary Review Pub. Co. Inc. Will you help give Moslems the Gospel? 156 Fifth Avenue New York City Write fOl' information as to membership, needs, sample tracts, meetings of auxiliaries, etc., to MRS. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Secretary Box 888, New York City OTHER OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D. D., of Cairo, Pr(;sident Dr. Robert E. Speer of New York, Vi~e President Delavan L. Pierson of New York, Vice President Dr. James L. Barton Mrs. Wm. Rordru Dr. Frank Mason Nort.h Mrs. Wm. B. Hill Mr. Fermdl P. Turner Miss Anna 1.. Dawes Dr. Charles H. Tyndall Mrs. Fillh,y J. Shepard Dr. Charles R. Watson Mrs. D. L. Pierson SEND GUTS TO Mrs. E. E. Olcott 322 West 75th St., New York, Treasurer Please mention THlt MISS]ONARY Rtvn:w ot" 'tHlC WORLD in writing to advertisers 1919 Missionary Conferences and Conventions Woman's Summer Schools of Missions JUNE 2- 7-0klahoma City, Okla., Mrs. H. S. Gilliam, 2244 W. 13th St., Oklahoma City. 2- 7–St. Paul, Minn., Mrs. W. B. Smith, 1044 Marshall Avp., St. Paul, Minn. 2- 7-Los Angeles, Cal., Mrs. E. Y. Van Meter, 4972 Pasadena Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. 19-26-Winona Lake, Ind., Mrs. C. E. Vickers, 312 N. Elmwood St., Oak Park, Ill.

26-July 3-Lake Geneva, Wis., Mrs. C. E. Vickers, 312 N. Ehnwood St., Oak Park, Ill. JULY 1- 8-Northfield, Mass. (Home Missions), Mrs. Tabor Knox, Warwick, New York.

5-12-Mt. Hennon, Cal., Mrs. H. A. Johnson, 2848 Derby St., Berkeley, Cal. 9-17-Northfield, Mass. (Foreign Missions), Miss Helen Calder, 704 Congregational House, Boston, Mass. 17-23-Bay View, Mich., Miss Carrie Barge, Delaware, Ohio. 19-27-Tarkio, Mo., Mrs. E. C. Little, Tarkio, Mo. 2(}-26-Lakeside, Ohio, Mrs. John Mitchell, Lakeside, Ohio. 3(}-Aug. 8-Wooster, Ohio, Mrs. Smith Comley, 57 S. Champion Ave., Columbus, Ohio. AUG. 1- 8-Mt. Lake Park, Md., Miss Susan C. Lodge, 1720 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. 9-17-New Wihnington, Pa., Miss Anna Milligan, 200 N. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa. . 24-3O-Chautauqua, New York, Mrs. T. E. Adams, 2033 E. 88th St., Cleveland, Ohio. SEPT. 21-27-DalIas, Texas, Mrs. L. P. Smith,33l9 Drexel Drive, Dallas, Tex. Dates not known-Boulder, Colo., Mrs. B. D. Wilson, 1400 Detroit St., Denver, Colo.

-Chambersberg, Pa., Miss Mary Peacock, Torresdale, Pa. -Denton, Tex., Mrs. F. B. Carroll, Denton, Tex. -Monmouth, III., Mrs. T. H. McMichael, Monmouth, Ill. –Sterling, Kans., Mrs. J. W. Duff, Sterling, Kans.

Interchurch World Movement Conferences (Formerly Under the Auspices of the Missionary Education Movement) JUNE 24-July 3-Blue Ridge, N. C., Rev. E. C. Cronk, 124 E. 28th St. New York City. JULY 4-13-Silver Bay, New York, Rev. E. C. Cronk, 124 E. 28th St., New York City.

11-2o-Estes Park, Colo., Dr. William J. Minchin, 415 Temple Court Bldg., Denver, Col. 15-24-Asilomar, Cal., Rev. J. C.Worley, 1I01 Wright & Callen dar Bldg., Los AngeJes, Cal. 18-27-0cean Park, Me., Rev. J. P. Broadhead, 53 Mt. Vernon St., Boston, Ma5s. 25-Aug. 3-Lake Geneva, Wis., Dr. Reuben L. Breed, 19 S. La Salle St., Chicago, Ill. 3(}-Aug. 8-Seabeck, Wash., Rev. John H. Matthj!ws, Sixth and University Sts., Seattle, Wash.

Canadian JUNE 3(}-July 7,…….Whitby, Ontano, Rev. H. C. Priest, 538 Confederation Life Bldg. Toronto. JULY 1(}-17-Knowlton, Quebec, Rev. H. C. Priest 538 Confederation Life Bldg., Toronto.

22-29-WolfviIIe, Nova Scotia, Rev. H. C. Priest, 538 Confederation Life Bldg., Toronto.

Miscellaneous JUNE 24-29-China Inland Mission Conference, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, 507 Church St., Toronto.

JULY 8-13–Summer School of Missions, Oxford, Pa., Rev. C. S. Cleland, 802 N. 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

13-2I-SOuthern Presbyterian Conference, Montreat, North Carolina, Mrs. W. C. Wins- borough, 520 Dehnar Bldg., St. Louis, Mo.

16–27-United Evangelical Conference, Baltimore, Ohio, ReV. H. V. Summers, 1410 Wesley Ave., Columbus, Ohio.

2(}-26-Methodist Mis!.ionary Conference, Lakeside, Ohio. 23-Aug. 6-Southern Methodist Conference, Lake Junaluska, N. C., John W. Shack- ford, 810 Broadway, Nashville, Tenn. 28-Aug. 3-Methodist Missionary Conference, Ocean Grove. N. J., Mrs. Wm. R. Blackie, 239 E. 237th St., New York City. AUG. 1(}-I4–8ummer School of Missions, Xenia, Ohio, Mrs. Joseph Kyle, Xenia, Ohio. Pr..sbyterian Young People's Conferences, Rev. Wm. Ralph Hall, Witherspoon Bldg., Phila- delphia, Pa. Reformed Church Conferences, Rev. John H. Poorman, 15th & Race Sts.; Philadelphia, Pa. Canadian Conferences, Rev. F. C. Stephenson, M.D., 299 Queen St., West, 'toronto. Christian and Missionary Alliance Conference~, Rev. R. H. Glover, M. D., 690 Eighth Ave., New York City.

Please mention THlC MISSIONARY REVIEW o:t 'tHE WORLD in writing to advertisers

" For my sermons, I

the large, bold type. EDITORIAL"AND BUSINESS CHAT Then by "Just turning the knob" t~e .~ GERMAN MISSIONARIES IN t'f~e' 8 'ua.a.v. "to,. …. CHINA )~"~a.. oo,.,..avo~a..~oe. Some misSIOnaries in China object very strongly to the action of the Al- ~y Sund4Y School set'c8$. lies in compelling the Chinese Government to expel two hundred German "Many Typewriters In One" Protestant missionaries from the Republic. At the request of a number "l!B Would ~ou like to know wlw the of missionaries from other countries, the Government exempted these Ger- ~tlP~",,~…am.,j°;~:J.r W~ul:n man missionaries from deportation, but is now compelled to reverse the you in 'our words: decision. The churches, schools, and hospitals of these German nlissions Because of iu yer. .tlllty! aries must be closed and thousands of young Chinese Christians left unshep- The Multiplex Hammond does everyherded, unless other Protestant mis- thing any other typewriter wUl do, sionaries can assume responsibility for and Iwlid••, U yon "Just turn the the work. The Chiinese connected knob" you can change from ODe style with the German missions have beg- of $ype, or from one langcage. to anged that their pastors might remain, other. Note the ahove speclmeu but their appeals have been unavail- (slightly redueed) all Vlril"" 0" IA. ing. The missionaries of Allied SAMB tnachin•• countries do not desire the enforcement of this decree, but the Allied No Other Typewriter Can Do Thi. governments demand it. No matter IDh. American Motherhood you "ret what 70U For Every Home in the Land are. or whaTe you are. the Multiplex Reco,nized Authority on HammODd Is the writID g maehlne The MOTHER for YOU. Mall The CHILD and The HOME ~~e':, i~':f'::~ for $1.25 per Year Also a PORTABLE Model With MI..lonary Review, $3.15 Full capacity. Weight about 11 POUDds. Ask Cor special Colder. Mailed Cree. THE ARTHUR H. CRIST CO. Inquire abQut apecial terms to Cooperstown, N. Y. p r o f• •s i o n a l a ____________Free Folder____________• THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. 577 Eaat 69th St •• New York City. Please send tree Folder to: Name________________________ ____________________ Ad~I OCCUpatJOD _______________ Please mention THJt. MISSIONARY R~VI~W OJ? THlt WORLD in writing to advertisers fACTS WORTH QUOTJING For the industrial training of the native some forty schools, all in receipt of government aid, have been established in connection with missionary societies in various parts of South Africa. The ag'gregate enrollment in these institutions in 1914 was 1800 pupils. (See page 420.) Civilization has overtaken the A fricon, increasing his wants, multiplying his expenses and thus compelling him to labor. If he is to survive, it is clear that he must develop new methods and new habits of industry. (See page 414.) Africa, equally with the Balkans, has been the powder magazine of the world. War clouds have hung over Europe more than once because of what European govern- ments were doing in Africa. In Africa are not only the possible spoils of war, but a great opportunity for an experiment in international government. (See page 435.) The full meaning of democracy has not penetrated the mind of the pagan African, nor does he understand the ideals of the League of Nations, but the war has created a psychological atmosphere for missionary work The native is coming ·to recognize education as the basis of the white man's power, and the place where that education is accessible is the mission station. (See page 437.) Mohammedanism has suffered less and benefited more by the war than has Christianity. Christian propaganda centers in schools and mission stations, which in many in- .stances have been closed during the war; while the Mohammedan propaganda cen- tCC"S in the trader, who can qnickly resume his travels on the caravan routes. (See page 439.) The native Africa!, Church has shown the faith and endurance that prove its capacity for a large place in the reconstruction plans of the missionary enterprise. In spite of suffering and persecution, progress toward ·self-suport has been steadily made. Everywhere the native Christian has seized the opportunity of carrying the gospel to other tribes, and as a steadying influence in' the overseas labor corps, he won high praise. (See page 44l.) Each of the eight Boards cooperating in the new program for Mexico will develop an agricultural and mechanical coJlege, strategically located, all of which will be under the supervision of one general secretary, vho will coordinate these schools and endeavor to cooperate with the government and people in a solution of the land problems. (See page 43l.) Seven churches have grown alit of the Presbyterian Chnrch at Elat, West Africa, yet the present membership is over 4000. At an average communion service recently 55 babies and 225 adults were baptized, and 300 persons examined for membership. (See page 464.) A Hindu political leader of prominence reads the New Testament every day, and asserts that the best of all religions is found in the Christian faith which, he says, should be interpreted for India in the light of Hindu metaphysics, rather than Jewish. (See page 470.) A survey of Mexico in 1914 disclosed the fact one city of 35000 had three strong mis- sion normal schools, while another whole state with a million population had not a single evang'e1ica! school. The fads revealed in this survey have brought about a redistribution of territory for missionary work. (See page 431.) In 1800 eighty per cent of the people in America culti"ated the soil. Today only twenty- four per cent are farmers. There arc seventeen great cities in the United States, each of which is larger than any aile of our ten smallest states, yet our ability to create satisfactory social conditions has not kept pace with this changed industrial situa- tion. (See page 447.) N at in vain have the mission schools throughout the world been sending out graduates by the thousand year by year. In India not less than a million new literates are being produced each year, and the governme!it of Japan has seen to it that the people are being taught to read. Literacy among women is growing in the Far East. Must we not send Christian literature to satisfy this thirst for knowledge? (See" page 460.)

~C7 Shall Christians Intervene in Russia?

.. . . . . . . .w '…. LI A MAP OF THE CONTENTS . ..

OUR YEW OF THE WOIUJ) Industrial Training in Missions IN THIS NUMBEI LEADINC AR11a.t.S AND mrrOlUAI::.S AU. INDICATEJ) ItT T1TLE5 THE NUMBER OF NEWS ~ ON EACH COUNTRY IIINDlCAnD BY AItABIC JlUMEltALS

VIII

THE JAPANESE GUARD IN SEOUL, KOREA 'l'hese soldiers kept streets clear arid endeavored to keep Korean shops open A KOREAN CROWD OF NON-RF,SIS'l'ING DI,MONSTRATORS Such peaceful crowds as this were beaten, bayonetted and shot by the Jap3nese SCENES IN THE KOREAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT

MISSIONARY

EVIEW'

VOL J U N E , 1 9 19 NUMBBB SIX XLII THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS I T seems incomprehensible that nineteen centuries can have passed since the coming of Christ into the world and that men have not yet learned a better way to settle disputes than by recourse to arms. The recent war, with its fabulous expenditure of life, money and other resources, has brought about a general desire on the part of civilized nations for the settlement of questions by an appeal to reason and justice rather than by an appeal to force. Militarism has been weighed in the balances and has been found wanting. It will take decades for the world to recover from the results of the recent world war.

Is right to be substituted for physical might as a basis for peace T The need is unquestioned. Disputes and disagreements are certain to arise. Nations desire to expand and to prosper commercially. Primitive peoples are unfit to- govern themselves and yet are unwilling to be under the domination of a foreign power. Some nations are still only partly civilized or have differing ethical standards so that they cannot agree among themselves or with more enlightened nations. Japan desires Korea and takes the peninsula by force rather than have it in possess,ion of her rival, Russia. She seeks Shantung and Manchuria for expansion, and plans to secure the territory,regardless of China's rights. Italy wants Fiume and the Dalmatian Coast, and withdraws from the Peace Conference to enforce her demands. Belgium is dissatisfied with the indemnity awards. Russia, Central Europe and the Balkans are still in turmoil. Egyptians, Arabians, Syrians, Indians and Africans are making their demands and threaten trouble, if they are kept in subjection to European powers. The Philippines demand independence. Ireland struggles to be free from British control. Mexico is still a hot bed of insurrection, and 401

many other states of Latin America are continually on the verge of border warfare or internal revolution. What is to be done to preserve peace ~ The League of Nations is man's answer. It is expected that this League will be adopted. by the Peace Conference .before this number reaches our subscribers, and that it will be adopted by the Allied nations soon afterward. The Covenant provides that the thir- ty-two signatories to the Treaty of Peace, the thirteen other nations invited to become charter members, and such others as are later admitted by a two-thirds vote may become members of the League.

The Council is to consist of representatives of the United States of America, the British Empire, France, Italy and Japan, together with four other members elected from the Assembly which· includes representatives of all the members of the League. Geneva, Switzerland, has been selected as the first seat of the League and Sir James Eric Drummond is the first General Secretary.

No present decision has been reached as to the limitation of armaments, although the wisdom of such limitation is acknowl- edged. Any war or threat of war is considered a matter of con- cern to the League. Disputes between members likely to lead to a rupture are to be first submitted to the League for arbitration and no nation will resort to war until three·months after the re- port by the Council or the award by the arbitrators. A disregard of the covenants Of the League is to be punished by expulsion and "boycotting" the offending nation, and by such forcible means as may be deemed wise.

The German Colonies and Turkish territory that have ceaied to be under control of these nations and are not quite ready for self- government are to be entrusted to more advanced nations as "big brothers" to be trained for self-government. Freedom of conscience and religion is guaranteed in these colonies, but not to such peoples as are now denied them. There is also a provision for prohibition of the liquor traffic and fire arms in Africa.

As to social and economic conditions the members of the League agree to endeavor to secure and maintain fair and humane conditioJlf'

of labor for men, women and children in all countries, the just treatment of natives, the execution of agreements with regard to traffic in women and children, in opium and other dangerous drugs and for the international control and prevention of disease. This docnment is good so far as it goes, but it utterly disregards the unchanged character of human nature. W orId policies and ideals must be revolutionized; and selfishness, national and individual, mnst be uprooted before idealism can be established. The work of Chris- tian missionaries has made possible the progress already attained.

Their courage, their service as pioneocs of civilization, their unselfishness, their teaching of Christian truth and their idealism

19191 SIGNS OF THE TIMES

have raised the peoples of the world to a point where they catch a glimpse of a better way. The principles of brotherhood, of righteousness and of stewardship, expressed in th·e covenants of the League, are the results of Christian teaching.

But there is still much to be learned. Internal troubles may still be settled by. force of arms. Religious liberty may still be deni~d, injustice may still prevail in industry, laws may be disregarded, politics may be corrupt, men and women may be weaklings and hypocrites in spite of the most ideal League. Stability and harmony are based on mutual confidt'nce in each others integrity and unselfishness. Character is the basis of such confidence and the only bedrock of character is Jesus Christ. Not Democracy but Theocracy is the world's hope. The Reign of Jesus Christ is the only reign that will bring Peace.

THE LEAGUE OF DENOMINATIONS I T seems appropriate that with the establishment of a League of Nations, there should also come a League of Denominations in the Interchurch World Movement. Both are intended to promote world wide peace, better understanding between men and greater efficiency and progress. But while the League of Nations is based on international laws and is to hold governments in check, the. League of Denominations is based on loyalty to Jesus Christ and is intendrd to promote His Kingdom on earth. The one is international, designed ultimately to include all civilized nations; the other is inter-denominational, intended to include all evangelical churches in North America.

As there is need for a League of Nations to put an end to international jealousies and conflicts, so there is need of an Interchurch World Movement to put an end to denominational rivalries and to bring about closer cooperation among the followers of Christ in their battIe against ignorance and evil. The Church of Christ should move like one mighty army against the strongholds of Satan. Instead of that, each sect has too often been making its own plans of campaign as though it alone were carrying out our Lord's Great Commission. Over one hundred and fifty Christian sects and sub-sects are listed in North America. These include seventeen Baptist bodies, fifteen evangelistic associations, twentytwo Lutheran bodies, seventeen Methodist and fourteen Presbyterian and Reformed bodies. Some sects bear such distinctive titles as "Duck River Baptists," "Two-seed-in-the-Spirit Baptists," "Church of God as Organized by Christ," "Non-sectarian Church of Bible Faith," "Church of Daniel's Band," etc.

There is undoubtedly good reason for the division of Christians

into various· households and societies in order that each may find opportunity for the expression of his or her individuality. As long as men differ in taste and personality, in interpretation and ap- plication of truth, there will be reason for differences in modes of worship, in forms of government and in minor matters of belief and methods of service. But there should be union in loyalty to the Great Hrad of the Church and unity, without jealous rivalry 01'

misunderstanding, in the conduct of Christ's campaign at home and abroad.

Considerable progrf'SS has bern made in interchurch plans of coopcration. A meeting of representatives of Protestant churches in North America was held in Cleveland, April 30th and May 1st, to consider the plans of the Interchurch World Movement and to give opportuni'ty for presentation and open discussion as to the ideals and program of the movement for America and the world.

About five hundred delf'gates were present from twenty-eight de- nominations. Of these, fifty-five were officers of Home Mission Boards, sixty of Foreign Mission Boards, seventy-six of Women's Boards and seventy-two officers and mfmbers of other Boards. Of the- denominations the Methodists were most conspicuous, with 131 delegates; the DiscipleS' sent 76 delegates, the Baptists (north) 51, the Congregationalists 46, the Presbyterians (north) 42 and the Reformed Church in the United States 28. It was noticeable that the Southern Baptists ,vere entirely absent, and many other evangelical bodies were unrepresented, or had few and silent mem- a bers in attendance. A more even distribution of representation. and larger number of pastors and laymen is desirable.

The Cleveland presentation of the plans and ideals was mas- terly and inspiring, but there .was not sufficient opportunity for open discussion of the problems involved. Dr. S. Earl Taylor, the Executive Secretary of the Movempnt and the General Secre- tary of the Methodist Centenary, presided ably at the sessions or the Conference. The various departments of the Movement were presented by the temporary or permanent secretaries of each de- partment.

One could scarcely fail to be convinced of the value of the united surveys, of cDoperation in the presentation of the- needs to the churches, and of a clearing house to decide what work is mosineeded and which organization is best fitted to as- sume the responsibility for it.

There are great possibilities in such a movpment and grave dangers which should be foreseen and avoided. Of these we will speak later. A committee of twC'nty-two was appointed to report the" Findings" of the conference. This report expressed approval of the cooperative effort of churches to study and supply the need of the world for the Gospel of Christ. The report stated:

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

"that the Interchurch vVorld Movement is a cooperative effort of the missionary, educational and other benevolent agencies of the Evangelical Churches of the United States and Canada, to serve unitedly their common present tasks, and simultaneously and together secure the necessary resources of men and women and power required for these tasks; that it is a spiritual undertaking of survey, education and inspiration, that it is an instrumentality of cooperation and coordinatIOn of administrative agencies and designed to serve, not to supplant them. We affirm our definite understanding that this is not an eccleciastical movement nor an effort to organic union. It will not disturb or interfere with the administration of any Church or Board. Neither will it undertake to administer or to expend * funds for any purpose beyond its own proper administrative expenses.

It has a definite and temporary mission. It will not interfere with or conflict with other denominational agencies."

Every Christian will welcome all signs of unity among the f01: lowers of Christ, indicating greater loyalty to Him, greater emphasis on the fundamentals of faith and greater earnestness in the cooperative effort to win men to yield their allegiance to Jesus Christ as the Son of God and the only Saviour of mankind.

THE STRUGGLE FOR LIBERTY IN KOREA T HE evils of 11 military regime are SGen in Japan and Korea as they have been brought to light in Europe. The army and navy of Japan exert autocratic control, and the military rule has brought about evils which the Koreans have found to be uubearable. The Japanese people and even the Japanese Diet have not been responsible for these conditions nor have they _been cognizant of many of the methods employed by the authorities to Japanize the Koreans.

Naturally the Koreans desire independence, since their country was annexed without war or grievance of any kind and without their consent. It may not be advisable or possible to yield to the wish of the Koreans at this time, since they are still a weak and untrained child race. But there is reason to demand that they and their land shall not be exploited by the Japanese, and that they shall not be unjustly treated by their rulers. Here is an opportunity for Japan to show herself an unselfish steward by governing the Koreans for the benefit of the Koreans and of the world at large.

Christian missionaries are responsible for the awakening _of the Koreans in intelligence and a desire for progress, but are not responsible for any anti-Japanese movement. 'rhe missionaries cannot, however, see their unarmed and unresisting Korean friends, inclUding women and children, maltreated and killed without a protest. Heart-rending accounts have been coming to America, * As originally presented the report made the statement that the work of the mov~ment was to be completed in 1924. This _was omitted on the ground that the work might be completed prior to that date. The temporary character of the movement was however emphasized.

from reliable sources, of school girls inprisoned for wishing independence, of boys maltreated and of unarmed men shot down by the military police. When some of the Koreans were arrested and were asked "Who is the leader -of the insurrection 1" they replied "God Almighty." "But who are His accomplices1" inquired the Japanese. "Twenty million Koreans," was the response.

While independence may not be feasible at this time, certain reforms are justly demanded and should be expected from the Japanese. These were stated by one of the missionaries who was called into conference by the Japanese authorities. They in- clude: 1. Due consideration of racial distinction between the Koreans and Japanese. There should not be the policy of absorption.

2. The privilege of Korean language study in the schools. This is now prohibited.

3. Freedom of speech, of the press, of public meetings and of travel. While Japanese and foreigners enjoy these, the Koreans are denied them.

4. Opportunity to promote social purity. The Japanese have forced prostitution as an institution upon the Koreans. The people have no means of self-protection against the taking of certain districts of their towns and cities for brothels, and of their women and girls for immoral purposes.

S. The removal of discrimination against Koreans in Japanese courts of ,iustice. At present no Korean has an equal chance with a Japanese before the courts.

These are manifestly reasonable and just demands. But the Koreans ask more, as is shown by their " Declaration of Independence" which reads in part as follows: We proclaim to all nations of the world the Independence of Korea and the liberty of the people; and announce to our children and grandchildren the great principles of human equality and the everlasting right of self-preservation.

With a history of four thousand years, the nearly twenty millions of people of this land sincerely and loyally unite to make clear this declaration, and to open up the liberties of the people, for the future as well as the present. We take this stand and show forth the true heart of man.

The world is changing. It is a great opportunity. We follow it. And it is the decree of God that men should have the right to strive for the power of life and preservation. In all the world nothing can stop or hinder us from this. * * * Since 1876, when we entered into treaty relations, at many times and in many ways, the strongest covenants have been made only to be disregarded. We do not now point out Japan's sin of insincerity, but .more th~n this. Although scholars on the platform and the government WIth defimte promises said they would regard our land as a colony, yet they have lo?ked on our men as ignorant people, and have sought by conquest to qUIckly possess our land. ·For a long time the progress of society has been blocked. They have not regarded the high aspirations of the people's hearts. Yet Japan should not be blamed for her lack of righteousness, but we should scold ourselves and not be quick to hate others; and if we give careful attention ~o the present, we will have no time to criticise old wrongs. Today there IS only

one duty for our men, that is to establish ourselves, and surely not to injure others. By the stern decree of our own consciences, we must open up the new life of our own household, and not indeed because of old hatred or some temporary feeling seek to expel others. The old thoughts and old powers, that have bound the policy of the Japanese Government into an unnatural and unreasonable condition must be swept away. And this con- * * * dition must be changed to a natural and reasonable one by the fountain of just principles. Today we, the people of Korea, have declared our independence; that by means of this Koreans may be enabled to pursue the illustrious life of right and duty; Japan may be enabled to completely fulfil her important obligation of supporting the Orient; and China, by means of this may be enabled also to escape from the terrible dream of fear. Again, the important preservation of the peace of the Far East is one step in the direction of world peace and human happiness. Should not this move men?

* * * By obtaining our liberty, we will have a more abundant life and happiness; so let us unite all ~tRe people's powers in this effort for independence.

We earnestly strive with a good conscience; we preserve together the true principles; united we advance, old aIJd young, men and women; putting away sadness, we rise in action, like a mighty host to make a new and happier life.

A THREEFOLD PUBLIC AGREEMENT 1. Today we seek to establish correct principles, human rights, preservation of life, and an illustrious people; and so while asking for our liberties, decide never to give up.

2. We also agree that to the last man, and to the very end, we will joyfully show forth this true obligation of the people.

3. In all our movements we agree to emphasize the importance of orderly conduct, that by this our purpose and aims may be clearly known to be correct.

This declaration shows Christian restraint and high ideals. Moreover, the Korean leaders issued an "Important Announcement" calling on the "Respectable, Noble, Independent Korean Band not to insult the Japanese, or strike them with their fists, for these are the acts of barbarians." They had no weapons and their method was merely to leave schools, close shops, march, singing and shouting Manzai through the streets. For this they have been shot down, maltreated and haled to prison.

Surely it is time for the Japanese, for the sake of their own reputation as well as for the sake of justice to the Koreans, to grant the needed reforms and to win the Korean people by justice and by civil liberty, rather than seek their subjection by brute force.

This is a critical time for Christian missions in Korea. The powers of darkness are again arraigned against the powers of light. A recent communication from Japan intimates the purpose of the Japanese to grant certain reforms and a measure of se1£- government to the Koreans. It is to be hoped that civil government will also replace military control.

SHALL CHRISTIANS INTERVENE IN RUSSIA B OLSHEVISM is a natural product of tyranny-political or industrial. When autocrats rule the masses with a rod of iron, the common people will await their opportunity for revenge. When plutocrats rule the laboring classes selfishly, their employees will retaliate without mercy whim the opportunity comes. When military offieers treat their men as cannon fodder, revolution will ultimately turn the tables. Russia has suffered unspeakably in these ways, and Bolshevism is the result of the upheaval that has put the proletariat in power. Add to this the fact that the masses have not been taught self-government, and that their leaders are not actuated by the principles of mercy and justiee, and it is easy to understand the reign of terror that has gripped the country.

Under the Czar's autocratic regime, the common people were treated like cattle, without real civil or religious liberty. Jews were oppressed, Stundists, Doukhobortsi and other Protestants were restrained, and Orthodox Catholics were treated like children.

There are three methods of treating Russia in the present crisis. (1) Allow them to fight each other until one or the other class gains absolute control. This means anarchy, and possibly another despotism. (2) To send in Allied forces in sufficient numbers to quell the disturbance, and establish in power those best fitted to govern. This may mean the union of the Russian masses against the Allies, and unlimited bloodshed and expenditure of money. Afterwards, it might bR necessary for the Allies to police the country and maintain peace with a huge standing army. (3) Another method is ideal, if practical. It is for the Allied nations to conduct an educational campaign in Russia through the printed page and spoken word, in order that Russians may learn the practical ideals of selfgovernment, and of civil and religious liberty. This program would include also a systematic campaign in the interests of Christian truth, conducted by the Christian forces of America and Great Britain. Russia is longing for education and would welcome .America's help. Mr. Jerome Davis, a Y. M. C. .A. worker who has been in Russia for two and a half years, reports that the Russian Church is eager for help from America. Priests came to him, often late at night, asking for as'sistance in organizing Sunday-schools, men's clubs and social service work. They want literature on church work in America to show them how to adapt themselves to new conditions.

This is hopeful, but there is a deeper need than a change in method. What the Russian Church needs is new spiritual life. Casting away the old garments is not enough. A spiritual revival must be experienced, followed by unhampered education in the teachings of Jesus Christ.

Christ All and in

A MISSIONARY BIBLE STUDY- BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D.

"I am the way, the truth and the Life. No man cometh unto the Father but by Me." John 14:6 The audacity of this claim is all the more startling because the words occur parenthetically as a reply to an interruption. Almost casually Christ asserts that He and He alone meets all the needs of the human heart, the intellect and the will. Some non-Christian religions place emphasis on the right way of communion with God.

Others emphasize the supreme importance of dogma or doctrinal truth against heresy; and others again put the sole emphasis on right living and noble conduct. In the following table we indicate how Jesus Christ is the fulfilment of all these ideals. He meets the craving of the heart for communion, of the mind for truth and of the will for direction. He is all and in all because He reveals the Father, declares the truth and communicates a new life to those who are dead in sin.

The table below indicates, by its threefold division, some of the lines of thought that might be followed in applying this truth. It is summed up by the Apostle when he says that Christ in all things "has the preeminence." The same thought occurs in We·sley's Hymn. "Thou, Oh Christ, art all I want. More than all in Thee I find."

THE WAY THE TRUTH THE LIFE Essene Pharisee Sadducee Hinduism Islam· Buddhism Method of Thought Material of Thought Goal of Thought Mystic Dogmatic Ethic Philosophy Theology Sociology Worship Confession Expression Communion Orthodoxy Vitality Liturgy Creed Conduct Sacrament Missions Ministry Heart Mind Will John Paul James Love Faith Hope The Fruit The Root The Tree The River of Life The Head of the Body The Rock of Ages The non-Christain religions and philosophies have no true ideals or vital truths that are not found in Christianity. What they lack Christianity supplies. What they have Christianity surpasses. As Joseph Parker said, "There may be comparative religions but Christiauity is not one of them." It is positive, superlative and final. The Cross alone bridges the chasm between the sinner and God.

409

j..>

c ONE OF THE ANTI·CHRISTIAN INFLUENCES EXISTING AMONG SOUTH AFRICAN MINERS A Sunday Dance by Ba'Sutos in a Johann esburg Compound

of Industrial Training in

BY PROF. J. DU PLESSIS, STELLENBOSCH. SOUTH AFRICA T HE industrial phase of the missionary enterprise has an as- sured place as the fourth of the great departments of mis- sionary activity-the evangelistic, the educational, the medical and the industrial. In countries like Japan and China, which possess an indigenous civilization and native industries, this form of missionary work may be largely dispensed with; but for the uplift of the backward races of the world it possesses an importance which can hardly be over estimated.

1. THE VALUE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING, as ono of the indispensable methods of mission work, is threefold: it is based on a sound pedagogic principle, it is an effective means of securing the highest object of all education-the formation of character. It has also high economic value for the native himself,. for the mission which trains him and for the whole community. In other words, industrial training has pedagogic, moral and economic value.

The pedagogic importance of industrial work lies in the fact that it means the introduction of a kind of glorified kindergarten among the child-races of the world. Froebel founded his kindergarten system on two principles-first, that true education consists in the harmonious development of the powers of mind and body, and second, that the teacher's part is to present suitable material for the innate spontaneity of the child's mind to operate upon. These principles are of supreme importance in their application to the child-native. The instruction and development of the mind at the expense of manual training tends to make him topheavy, and give rise to that pitiable object, the "native with the swelled head." The training of mind and hand should therefore proceed simultaneously.

Similarly, manual training brings into play the spontaneous powers of the native's mind. It imparts concrete and not merely abstract knowledge. Says Mr. W. C. Willoughby of the Tiger Kloof Institution: "I think that industrial training is very much more nece,sary for the natives than even book-learning-I mean as a matter of pure education. Industrial training will develop his power of thinking as book-learning never can. If you can teach a native boy the difference between eleven and three-fourth inches and one foot, you have taught him a very great dealsomething that will run through almost every department of his life."

Industrial training has the very highest moral value, as a means of building up and shaping the native's Christian character. It does this in various ways,-by counteracting the inertia that characterizes all primitive races living under the tropical sun, by 411

inculcating habits of regularity, unintermittent attention, and per- fect exactness and ueatness, by evoking and enhancing the native's self-respect and self-reliance, while increasing his humility, and by implanting a nobler conception of the worth and dignity of labor.

Christianity must mean very little for the African native if it does not teach him to work. The Christian native reads in his Old Testament the command, Six days shalt thou labor, and in his New Testament the law, If any man will not wOTk, neither shall he eat, and to these principles his reason and his conscience both as- sent. Moreover, Christianity has set up a new standard of life LV 'which he strives to conform. .

"It cannot be conceived that Christianity should really influence the heart of the negro, and leave him content in the midst of his old circum- stances, and his old unclean and immoral surroundings. Those who have had experience of mission work in Africa recognize how difficult it is for church members to maintain consistent lives unless the old idleness is ex- changed for habits of industry."* Manual training contributes to the formation of sterling Chris- tian character. Punctuality, in a country in which watches are unknown, and regularity, amid a people that have never heard of an "eight hour day," are virtues that have to be instilled by diligent instruction in manual toil. Such mechanical labor re- quires also the application of close attention and the most perfec~ exactitude and neatness. The slightest want of truth in measure- ment, and the day's work is lost, while valuable material has been hopelessly spoiled. More than this, the industrial worker develops a sense of responsibility to produce thoroughly good and reliable work. In his marvelous description of the storm which broke over the Norah Creina, Robert Louis Stevenson writes thus: "God bless every man that swung a mallet on that tiny and strong hull; it was not for wages only that he labored, but to save men's lives."

We must put forth every effort to awaken an industrial COIl- seience in our converts. Good honest work will increase both their self-respect and their self-reliance, without lessening their humility.

There are vocations which tend to self-conceit. The preacher and the teacher, under no necessity to labor with the hands, and dealing habitually with those who are both literally and metaphorically beneath them, lie specially exposed to this danger. At the car- penter's bench or on the tailor's table all are at the same level and the work on which they are engaged calls for co-operative and not for individual action.

The economic valtte of industrial work is seen in its three-fold benefit, to the native, to the mission and to the community. The impact of modern civilization has broken up the fabric of ancient institutions, and made many native customs and habits of life obso- lete or' obsolescent. As a Christian an African may no longer in- • George Grenfell in Hawker's Life of Grenfell, p. 395.

ONE; OF THE; CHRISTIAN INFLUJ';NCE;S IN A SOUTH AFRICAN

Service among mine employees in the native compound at Elizabethville

dulge in a plurality 0:1' wives, and must therefore substitute the plow for the hoe in tillage. Civilization too is upon him, shutting him in to his narrow reserve, increasing his wants, multiplying his expenses, imposing new taxfs, and thus shaking him out of his lethargy and competling him to labor. At first the chief wealth of the native consisted in cattle; now the natives within the South African Union possess, on an average, no more than one goat, rather less than one sheep, and half an ox apiece. He is very little better off as an agriculturist, for the area of cultivable land is limited, the water supply inadequate, and prolongrd droughts almost as much the rule as the exception. "Thus it will be seen," says the Principal of Lovedale Institute, "that the Bantu are becoming impoverished in their permanent resources, and are living dangerously close to the line of permanent hunger. A struggle for existence is setting in on a great scale. If the Bantu are to survive it is clear that they must as a people develop new methods of agriculture and new habits of industry."

Both the mission and the community have need of the trained native artisan. Most missionary societies possess native skilled laborers whom they have trained themselves. It cannot well be otherwise in primitive surroundings. The missionary artisan must gather around himself a number of native apprentices, as carpf'nters, bricklayers, masons, gardeners; for without their aid the mission station cannot be built. But. the native who has been trained to some trade in the mission workshops is not long in discovering that there is greater scope (and better pay) for his abilities in the community at large; and so he soon passes beyond the reach of the mission to which he owes his training, and becomes, from an economical point of view, a lost asset.

It is impossible for any given mission to employ all the men whom it trains. To train no more men than it can employ would be a selfish and short-sighted policy. The mission then should encourage its surplus of artisans to seek a living where work is abundant. Artisans trained in the shops of the Basel Missions on the Gold Ooast are found all over Nigeria, the Kamerun and the Oongo. Native tradesmen from Livingstonia may be met with at Elizabethville and Kambove in the Belgian Oongo, or at Bulawayo and Salisbury in Rhodesia. The Lovedale industrial dppartmpnt has furnished trained workers for all parts of South Africa, including Johannesburg, Kimberley and Bloemfontein.

OBJECTIONS TO INDUSTRIAL TRAINING The' objections to industrial training as a missionary method are chiefly three: the expense incurred, the competition e.ngendered between black and white operatives, and the apparent departure from the primary aim of missinlls.

VALUE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN MISSIONS

BLACKSMITH DEPARTMENT~TRAPPIST MONASTERV, MARIANNHILL, NATAL First, then, as to the expense. It is a common complaint. of missionary boards all over South Africa that the industrial de- partments of the missions do not pay. In 1914 Mr. Henderson re- ported: "In the case of Lovedale the estimated expenditure on the industrial departments for the current year, including cost of materials, is £6,764, Towards this amount government grants are payable only to the extent of tl,296. . A loss like this can be borne by such an Institution as Love- dale only through the generosity of friends o'utsicle the Union, and at con- siderable sacrifice to the rest of the Institution ."

The reasons for this continued deficit are not far to seek. The grant by the government is wholly inadequate; the apprentices, for the first two or three years, at least, are not yet awage-earn- ing asset, and as soon as they are fully qualified their term of apprenticeship comes to an end; work such as is produced in the workshops of Lovedale or Tiger Kloof cannot compare in quality or finish with that produced in city manufactories served by skilled artisans and equipped with modern machinery; as often as not the mission workshops are situated at a distance from the markets which their goods are intended to supply; and finally, there exists in some minds a certain degree of ilrejudice against goods fash- ioned by black men in what is held to be undesirable competition with white tradesmen.

Second, an objection of far greater weight against industrial training, is the com.petition which it is likely to cause between

INSTITUTIONAl. CHURCH AT ELlZABETHVll,l,E JUST AFTER A CHRISTMAS DINNER black and white. On this point Mr. Maurice S. Evans, one of the most assiduous and careful students of our native question, writing in 1910, said: "The spectre which affrights the white man is a ~ision of the black man invading the towns as artisan, competing with him, working for lower wages at his side, bringing down the standard of living to his level. I do not say such a contingency is impossible if we continue along our present lines, but in any case it is some distance removed, and is hardly likely to be realized to the full extent sometimes depicted."

But in 1915, after a visit to the United States, he sounded a more ominous note: "The only thing I can clearly see is conflict- an industrial and racial drama played out in South Africa. On the one side will be better education, political power, labor organization, higher wages, and comparatively small numbers,-handicapped by the sinister fact that the members of .this race are relieved of much 5trenuous labor that makes for efficiency. On the other, great numbers with little cooperation and organization (at present at all events) but willing to work for low wages, with a natural fitness to climate and surroundings, with gradually improving efficiency, and with the training that manual labor gives."

In view of the urgency of this matter the Union Government in 1914 appointed a Commission on the Economic Question, which reported that it found the supposed competition between black and white operatives to be practically non-existent and whollynegligible, seeing that the natives were almost exclusively engaged in unskilled labor. The few who had been trained to a trade were far

from being- such experts as to be able to compete seriously with white mechanics, while in foresight and initiative they lagged hopelessly behind.

The census of 1911 revealed a few interesting facts which bear upon this point. Out of more than four million Bantu within the Union of South Africa only 6,000 were gaining a living as tradesmen, that is 1.5 per 1,000. Out of a quarter of a million colored people in the Union 17,000 were engaged in various trades, or 22.6 per 1,000. A writer who has given some attention to this matter writes as follows: "Colored workers have established themselves firmly in the industrial life of the country. In several departments of labor, notably those of fishery, – building and tailoring, they are not only ousting white workers, but have actually succeeded in monopolizing one at least of these. In proportion to their numbers they are already in a majority to white workers in the exercise of callings r~quiring manual skill."· We may safely conclude that the menace which skilled Bantu operatives are said to offer to white mechanics has been very much exaggerated. The time when such competition will become really serious is as yet remote.

Finally, an objection has been directed against industrial work and industrial training on the score that to engage -in it is to depart from the primary aim of missionary undertaking, namely • Stevens, "White and Black," p. 91.

A CORNER OF THE CARPENTRY DEPARTMENT, LOVEDALE INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE

conversion. At the first General Missionary Conference held in South Africa in ]904 the Bishop of Lebombo is reported to have said: "The primary object of the Christian Church is not to make men carpenters . . . . Great sacrifices are made at home in order that the Gospel may be preached to the heathen; they do not make them in order that we may turn out good carpenters. Be very careful how you use funds for industrial work other than that which bears directly on the making of a good Christian. Industrial work has this advantage,-the first thing we want to do with the heathen is to make them listen to us, and industrial education is the bribe we offer to get people to listen to us as we tell the Gospel."

In this warning of Bishop Smyth there is much that missionary boards can profitably lay to heart. And yet it seems to me that the premise underlying his contention is false. What is the true object and aim of missions 1 Not merely the conversion of the individuar-though that is the immediate aim-but the ultimate salvation of the race. In pursuing this aim we certainly do not employ education, literary or industrial, as a bait to lure the native to our schools and our churches. The purpose of education is the Christian uplift of the tribe. Industrial institutions, like educational, cherish the hope that the pupils are Christians already, or will become Christians while inmates of the school; and this hope and aim is in most cases realized. But they will receive a heathen in the belief that if he is to be trained as a journeyman, it were better he received his training in a Christian school than under a godless master-workman.

THE PRESENT POSITION OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING"

The need for industrial training for the native is admitted and emphasized not only by the missionary, but by Government commissions, educationalists, magistrates, writers on the native question. The attitude of the native himself towards industrial training is much more encouraging than it was several years ago, when the belief was firmly rooted that education was a device to absolve him from the degrading necessity of working with the hands.

"But the. vital importance of their keeping hold of their land and developing it is at last being brought home to them, and the higher type of candidate now offering for the workshops, and the numbers-far beyond our accommodation-seeking admi~sion to them, and their readiness to pay for the benefit, point to a change of attitude for the better, which should be thankfully noted."* For t'he industrial training of the native some forty schools and departments, all of which are in receipt of government grantsin-aid, have been established in connection with missionary socie- See Dr. Loram's "The EdC:ltion of the South African Native" for the chief data which. are presented under this section ~ .

Princlpal of Lovedale. in International Review of Missions, 1914, p. 342.

GIRLS' TAILORING DEPARTMENT-TRAPPIST MONASTERY, MARIANNHILL

ties in various parts of the country. At all these institutions to- gether there was an enrolment, in 1914, of some 1,800 pupils, of which just 1,000 attended institutions established in the Oape Province, the actual numbers being 606 boys and 394 girls. The government grants-in-aid in the Oape Province are calculated upon the following scale: £120 per annum towards the salary of a qualified departmental instructor; £30 for the initial outfit of a department; and £15 per head per annum as maintenance grant for apprentices (£10 for girls). In the matter of fees there exists some differences of policy in the various institutions. The no-fee system can only be made to pay, under present conditions at least, if pupils are in- .dentured for a long period, so that their skill at the end may neutralize their inexperience at the commencemnt.

A distinction is sometimes drawn between industrial training, which is impartEd at schools or in departments specially devoted to the work, and manual training, which the pupil receives at set times in the ordinary school curriculum. Dr. Loramdeprecates this distinction, on the grounds that manual training is only giv£n in the highrr standards, so that not more than 1 per cent of the pupils benefit by it; and that the so-called manual training is theory rather than practice, and fosters the idea that the process and not the product is the thing that counts. But it would seem, nevertheless, that manual training in primary schools is a most useful, and indeed an indispensable, adjunct to mental training. "An ideal institution," says Mr. Lenna"rd, Ohairman of the General Missionary Oonference, "would be one where an equal amount" of time was given to industrial and to literary training."

To conclude, let me quote the words of Mr. Henderson of Lovedale on the spiritual results of industrial training: "The efforts of the apprentices at making things result in the forming of strong and stable character, beyond what is achieved in the case of pupils mostly occupied with book-wor~. The industrial apprentices at Lovedale lead in evangelistic and spiritual work." To the same effect is the testimony of Mr. Vlok of the Dutch Reformed Ohurch mission at Salisbury,' that the best men and most consistent Ohristians who come to Southern Rhodesia in search of work and wages are those who have been in training with the Zambesi Industrial Mission in Nyasaland. Industrial missions, then, if conducted in a truly Ohristian spirit and controlled by men who have the heart of an evangelist, are capable of producing the largest and most encouraging spiritual results.

MEN NEED THE GOSPEL IN SOUTH

Native Employees at Smelter, just going on shift at noon. There are three eight-hour shifts a day The food store-house is in the background Men and Minerals in Katanga IN A MISSIONARY OPPORTUNITY CENTRAl. AFRICAN MINES BY REV. JOHN M. SPRINGER, B. D., ELIZABETHVILLE, CENTRAL AFRICA Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church G OD made this country to produce copper" said Mr. Watson, , General Manager of the prospecting company in Kambove, when in 1907 we looked out over the copper malachite hills which could be seen in every direction. The whole copper belt is about 250 miles in length and along with this copper there are large deposits of lime and iron, needed for fluxing. The rivers close at hand have great falls for generating electric power.

Every year since then there have been new discoveries of tin, gold, diamonds, coal and other minerals. It is certain that so far only a fraction of the richness of that section of the country has been revealed.

"This is the beginning of a stream that will result in the in- dustrial transformation of Central Africa, " remarked Robert Williams at Elizabethville, as he saw the first stream of molten ,copper flo'w from the furnace in 1911'. That tiny stream has lll- 421

creased until in 1917 and 1918 there were produced each year 30,000 tons of copper, which is soon to be increased to 40,000 a month or 480,000 tons a year.

It is at this point that the missionary opportunity and the commercial activities meet. Copper cannot be produced without man power, and native labor must be had for this purpose. Native labor bureau agents scour the country to induce the natives from the bend of the Oongo, a thousand miles to the north, to the Vic- toria Falls in the Zambesi on the South, and from ocean to ocean, to come to work on these mineral fields.

These native men are taken from their villages and towns for periods of from six months to two years at a time. They leave their family life behind them and are congregated in compounds at the industrial centers and here they come in contact with white men from every part of the globe, most of whom are vicious and degenerate. Already the most significant changes are taking place throughout the entire country side, and greater ones must come in the near future. Vill these changes be for better or worse?

That depends.

"And God said, 'Let us make man in our image, after our like- ness, and let them have dominion . . over all the earth.' So God created man. . and God said 'Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth and subdue it and have dominion.' "

There are people who deplore the exploitation of Africa. But it is inevitable and it would seem to be within the plans and pur- poses of God.

The agencies operating in any community, civilized or un- civilized, are divided naturally into three groups: Ohurch, State and Commerce. We use the word Church to express the funda- mental religious life; State, to indicate the governing powers; and Commerce to include the development of resources and the pro- duction and exchange of commodities.

The most aggressive factor in all Africa to-day is the mining industry of the commercial group, and closely connected with this is the agricultural exploitation of the continent. European gov- ernments have followed commerce into practically every part of the interior. In some cases the native governments have been dis- placed j in the majority of cases j however, the tribal forms of gov- ernments have been retained, directed and controlled by the Euro- pean powers.

The Christian missionaries were connected with the very earli- est events in the modern exploration of Africa, and were the first to learn of these mineral deposits. In fact since the days of the Portuguese exploration of the shores of Africa, the missionary has played a prominent part as pioneer. It was Livingstone who heard of the hills of copper malachite in the Katanga and put them

19191 MEN AND MINERALS IN KATANGA

on his map in 1857. It was his letters to his children that so stirred one of their playmates, Fred Arnot, that he never rested until, in 1885, he penetrated the Katanga and established the Garanganze Mission adjacent to these rich mineral fields. A few years later, Mr. Arnot brought out a large party of missionaries, among whom were Dr. Walter Fisher and Dan Crawford. This Garanganze Mission, under the control of the Plymouth Brethren, found that they could not take on the work of the mineral fields in additiou to that for which they had already made themselves responsible in the villages.

The Methodist Episcopal Church of the United States is establishing work in the mines and in the mining towns. This is in part the fulfilment of the plans of Bishop Wm. Taylor, who, in 1885, proposed to put a chain of missions a thousand miles inland from Loanda.

Many problems and dangers confront us in this newest of the great mining centers of Africa. On the Rand in and around Johannesburg, where a generation ago there was only a sheep pasture, there is to-day a gold producing industry that commands continually the labor of 250,000 native workmen. This is but one of many mining centers, including Kimberley and Barbarton, which also require thei.r hundreds of thousands of natives.

Many of these natives are brought long distances, and segregated in large compounds where they are well fed and, when too ill to work, have necessary care and medical treatment. They are removed from all restraints of tribal control and the infiuences of family life. It is but natural for them to seek some diversion and amusement when off duty, and temptations abound both inside and outside these compounds.· At one time 600 white persons were in jail in Johannesburg for illicit liquor selling to these natives. Gambling is one of the mildest vices of the many that abound. The African in his native village has never been a model of virtue, but the vices and crimes that he learns of the white man in the mining towns might well make' a cannibal blush. Venereal di.seases are contracted and carried back to the kraals where the total population is being infected. The criminal intimacy of vicious whites with these blacks only tends to fan the fiame of race prejudice to a white heat.

Good likewise radiates at times from Johannesburg and other industrial centers as a result of Christian work. This might be increased many fold. A Wesleyan clergyman in Port Elizabeth conducted a night school which was attended by young men from several tribeR in the far interior. Some vears afterward when this minister was traveling in the northern Tr~nsvaal where the people were still heathen he was met by a comparatively well dressed deputation of mep, women and children who welcomed him to their village with

Christian songs. He learned that one of his converts in the night school had returned home with primer, hymn book and Scriptures, and had begun to teach and to preach in his home town. The Sabbath was observed, the people responded to the preaching and many were converted so that the whole community prospered. Some very acceptable and well prepared candidates were baptized and received into church fellowship.

Another young man who was converted at Johannesburg returned to his home among primitive pagans at Bushbuck Ridge. The needs of his people stirred his soul and he began a school and started a church among them. The work prospere9 until he felt it grew beyond his ability, and he sent to the missionary at Johannesburg asking for some one to help care for the enlarged work. No missionary has been available so that this young man and his wife, joined in the meantime by a trained young woman to aid in the school work, have had to meet the opportunities as best they could. The influence of this school is spreading to the surrounding villages.

A few years ago a group of missionaries was making a tour of Rhodesia in a region never before visited by missionaries, and where they met the usual ignorance and degradation. One day the people of one village who heard their message spoke up and said, "Oh, we have heard these good words before."

"And who told you"? the missionary asked. "Why Johannes, the son of the chief of this district." Inquiring where Johannes lived, the party made its way in that direction, and in all the villages on the way the people revealed their familiarity with the Gospel story and with Christian hymns and Bible teaching. At Johannes' home village, they found a fair sized and creditable school and chapel building. The Sabbath was observed and many were so well grounded in Scripture and showed such evidel).ces of changed lives that they were received on probation. Many of these were baptized not long afterward. Johannes had passed on to his people the good news that he had received at Johannesburg where many receive only evil. There are many such instances showing the possible influence for good that may result from Gospel work among the miners who return to their homes in the distant and unevangelized regions from which the labor is recruited. Some of the same unsavory conditions as are found in J ohannesburg obtain in the mineral fields of the Katanga. To meet them the Christian Church needs to have a well-manned and wellequipped work at each mine and in every town. We should be able to influence the life of every native that comes to the mines and towns to work. The present staff of workers and the equipment should be increased so as to occupy effecL:vely this great

MEN AND MINERALS IN KATANGA

strategic point of all central Africa. Among other needs are the following: . Night schools sufficient for one in every Compound. Institutional churches to make adequate religious and social provision for all the large centers.

Printing press sufficiently large to supply the increasing de- mands for thousands of primers, hymnals, devotional books, and other literature. Then the colporteurs should be multiplied several fold.

The night school opened in Elizabethville in 1914, was crowded to capacity and has so continued. Other night and afternoon schools in the camps or quarters of native workmen have also been well attended and are much appreciated. Lay evangelists add their services to missionaries and regularly employed workers, making it possible to hold many services each Sunday. The list of regular "hearers," increases and many probationers or catech- umen are enrolled as a result, the sales of primers, hymnals, por- tions of the Scripture in more than a dozen native languages, has been limited only by the supplies available, and have run into thousands of copies of many books.

The religious and educational needs must also be cared for in the outlying country 400 miles square to the north and west. The Methodist Episcopal Church has increased this work in her Cen- tenary program and hopes to supply these important needs.

Churches and Societies, both American and British, must en- large their work in the various areas of Central Africa, from which natives are recruited for these nllneral fields. A native who has been influenced by mission work before he leaves his home naturally relates himself to the missionary in the industrial centers. Those that are reached and converted at the mines also need shep- herding and further teaching when they return to their homes.

There is urgent need of greatly speeding up the activities of the Church so as to overtake and henceforth to keep pace with the other agencies of state and commerce, which are now affecting nearly one hundred per cent of the tribes and peoples. Today the Church touches the life of scarcely ten per cent.

If the Christian forces let the present opportunity pass unim- proved, the natives will become hardened and further degenerated in the school of vice. Evil forces will become more firmly en- trenched; many doors now opened will be closed and the difficulty _of the task will increase greatly.

The carrying out of an adequate program involves a five to ten fold increase of the present force and equipment of all mis- flionary forces at present operating in Central Africa.

of Alcohol in

BY SIR HARRY H. JOHNSTON, G. C. M. G., K. C. R, LONDON, ENGLAND, Late Special Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief of the Uganda Protectorate MISSIONARIES both of Christianity and Islam, and mostly missionaries of the Protestant Churches of Christianity, have rendered the most signal service to Africa and Europe· by fighting against the alcoholisation of the Mrican continent. The distillers of Europe and America and in a lesser degree the steamship companies, profited greatly by the traffic. It has just been pointed out in The Times of London, that the last British steamer, conveying a cargo mainly of Dutch and German provenance to West Africa before the submarine warfare began, took from Hamburg and Rotterdam 169,288 gallons of spirits, 33 cases of wine, brandy and liqueurs, all to be unloaded in the Niger Delta for the mental stupefaction' and bodily ruin of the negroes of southern Nigeria. If this was the average cargo of one West African steamer, you can calculate what the yearly import was like-multiplied by twelve for the monthly service to Nigeria and again by three for the three other West coast colonies-into British West Africa.

The missionaries first began attacking this importation of European and West Indian alcohol into Mrica in the forties of the last century. They found that in West Afric.a the native desire for brandy, rum and gin, was the chief stimulant of the slave trade_ The chiefs felt they must have alcohol, and consequently to purchase it from the white trader they must enslave their own and other tribes and bring or send the slaves to the coast. In South Africa the alcohol-Cape brandy-manufactured by the Dutch (and French Hugenot) vine growers, was killing off the Hottentots and the nearer Bantu tribes, and was leading to incessant native. wars; while the white man looked on cynically, profiting by the strife amongst the Negroes. The missionaries by their protests drew down on themselves the hatred of the traders and of the Dutch colonists. But they kept steadily at. it and are now not far from victory. The prohibition victory in the United States has helped enormously. Missionary influence so far swayed European governments and that of the United States that in the Berlin and Brussels conferences of the latter end of the nineteenth century, much of the interior of Africa, beyond the western coast belt and north of the Zambeziyou dared not interfere with the alcoholisation of South Africa without provoking another Dutch rebellion-was placed out of bounds for alcohol. Only the old-time French, British, and Portu- 426 guese colonies and the present states of the South African Union were exempted from prohibition of the importation and sale of alcohol for native consumption. Alcohol was only to be allowed in Northern Nigeria, Congoland, Central' and Ea~t Africa for the use of Europeans, and then in limited, carefully watched quan- ~ tities. In bringing about this improvement, the missionaries of Islam also played their part. In this battle there is tough fighting ahead against weak Governments, insincere statesmen and the hydraheaded forces of alcohol-aided in Britain by a pr~ss that is twothirds under the thumb of the distillers and brewers, and in France by a press that would sooner see Algeria, Morocco, Tunis, Senegal, the Ivory Coast, Dahome and the Kamerun go to th~ devil than ..- . . _-.::~:-e=.:-~~'-~~-.:=-";".'~.-.=~~"::-"::'=—-"':,-'~-:=-':-:-:-,-,–".'-'~—"'~ '- ; . thart; the profits on French vine- —" yards should be abated by one franc. There is a probability of victory if only the United States AREAS OF I'ROHIBITION IN AFRICA stands firm. Before the war, the one plea raised by the British Colonial Office against the enforcement of prohibition in the Gambia, Sierra Leone, Gold Coast and South Nigeria possessions in West Africa was the fact-or falsehood;-that the major part of this imported alcohol came from the distilleries of Holland and Germany; and that to forbid its entry into British West Africa might offend the Germans and alienate Dutch friendship. The victory of the Allies leaves us quite free to iguore the interests of German distillers; while as to those of Holland, we have to remember the welfare of those iInmense tracts of Africa which we have taken under our charge. The Dutch distillers, like those of Britian, France and America, must take the changed condtions into account and turn their manufacturing plants to chemical purposes. If distilled alcohol is bad for white men it is bad for Negroes; if it is to be withheld from the Negroes of the Congo Basin, of British Central Africa, East Africa, Uganda and Northern Nigeria, it must not be inflicted on the Gambia, the Gold Coast and Southern Nigeria. – French West Africa is not nearly so drunken a region as the coast districts of British West Africa. Firstly the mass of the Negroes and Negroidsare Mohammedans and total abstainers, and secondly the French officials frown on spirit drinking as fl rule. The

Ivory Coast has been infected with the gin habit from the adjacent coast lands of Liberia and the Gold Coast. Just before the War broke out the Governor of the Ivory Coast was seeking to bring about the prohibition of alcohol except for consumption by Europeans.

In Algeria, and in a lesser degree Tunis and Morocco, the French were before the war doing little to check the spread of brandy drinking among the Berbers and Arabs. The French wine producers will be a great obstacle in the path of prohibition. The public opinion of the future League of Nations must try to teach the French how to prepare unfermented grape juice so delicious and so wholesome in the United States, and further to export their grapes for eating and for raisins. In our work for th5 redemption of Africa we must fight to absolutely prohibit the entry into Negro and Arab Africa of distilled alcohol, except in an undrinkable form for use industrially as a chemical agent.

In Egypt and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan the British Govern- _ ment is quite as much to blame as that of the French in Algeria, for not more actively discouraging the induction of the native populations into the consumption of distilled spirits-=-with much harm to their morale and their health. The Copts of Egypt always drank wine in former times but did not usually touch spirits. The Mohammedan Egyptians were total abstainers before the British occupation. Soon after that became well-organized, the young men in the towns-Copts and Mohammedans-picked up the whisky habit from British soldiers, officers and officials, and today a good deal of masculine 'young Egypt' is whiskified and drunken. In the Sudan, the chief harm was wrought by the Greeks, who set up stills in the wake of the British armies and distilled arnik from a. variety of substances of local growth. The Nubians and Sudanese picked up this process from the Greeks and low-class Levantine traders and carried the art of disti:[ling far into the heart of Mrica. When I was clearing up the effects of the Sudanese mutiny in Uganda Protectorate, the drunkenness among the Sudanese soldiers and their virago wives was a constant source of trouble, insubordination, acts of violence, and quarrels with the indigenous peoples. It nearly always resulted from some coarsely-brewed and very strong spirit obtained through the native stills from rice, sugar-cane, sorghum, or sweet potatoes.

Portuguese Africa, more especially the Mozambique Province -or rather the Trans-Zambezian half of Mozambique-has a bad reputation for alcoholism. The Portuguese distil rum from sugar and make no attempt to check its consumption by the Negroes. The result. is constant village and inter-tribal quarrels and petty wars. The Portuguese themselves are temperate. But they are quite

1919J PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOL IN AFRICA

without scruple on the. subject of trading in rum with the natives of Southeast and Southwest Africa, and their trades frequently smuggle rum into the forbidden area of the Congo State, and Portuguese Congo, where the natives are great drunkards. The Union of South Africa is still an alcohol screener and protector, seemingly because the vine growers of the Cape Province exercise the same inordinate influence over the Union Government as is wielded by the French vine growers over the policy of the French Republic. Heady and most unwholesome spirits circulate all over the territories governed by the Union Parliament. Though they are supposed not to penetrate into Basutoland, the Basuto chiefs are notoriously drunken. Bechuanalandhas been saved from this curse by the statesmanship and education of its veteran king, Khama. Alcoholdistilled of course–is the chief, the preponderating, cause of native and inter-racial trouble in South Africa. Even the Mohammedan Indians who come to Natal as abstainers from spirits give way to the temptation of the dram and the dope, and find themselves in the police court. Cape brandy is the main cause of attacks of black men on white women. Were the Negroes of the Transvaal and Orange States not allowed access to distilled alcohol, we should probably never hear of these attempts to assault white women. One never reads of such sexual crimes in Cape Colony, Zululand or even Natal; presumably because in those countries missionary influence is strong and has been used unswervingly against alcohol.

The British Gold Coast is an object lesson within a comparatively small area of the effects of alcohol on a Negro people and of the advantages of abstinence. In the Gold Coast Colony and in a lesser degree in_Ashanti, the native is allowed to drink as much gin, rum, brandy or whisky as he can buy from the white traders. The result is that he shows less and less stamina against disease; his system is more and more recalcitrant to healing medicines. North of Ashanti in Voltaland, we see a blessed contrast. In these northern territories of the Gold Coast, say the missionaries, the population is almost entirely Mohammedan, and its introduction has been forbidden. Here therefore you can see a splendidly vigorous people who are destined in course of time to displace the effete coast populations; unless, that is, they too sucumb to the infection, thanks to the pusillanimity of' the Colonial office–afraid to incur the enmity of the alcohol interests in England, Scotland and Ireland by extending the whole system of prohibition over the whole of British West Africa. At present out of an approximate area of 470,000 square miles of British West Africa, 320,000 are under prohibition and only 150,000 square miles given over to alcohol. But the alcoholic districts abut on the non-alcoholic; and distilled alcohol is gradually permeating the whole of British West Africa, to its great detriment.

Yet it must never be forgotten that in fighting this poison, we need a policy of construction as well as ·of destruction. While we take away the allurements of alcoholic drinks we must offer man- kind-black, white and yellow-some alternative other than cold water. Cold water, cold pure water, is best for thirst, but how difficult to obtain, how fraught with danger if from an impure ~ source! What physicians and chemists must proceed to invent and put on the market is a variety of beverages which will be (1) pala- table; (2) mildly or markedly stimulating; (3) thirst-quelling (4) harmless. We want some process by which grape juice may be sub- stituted for wine all over the world. Then prohibitionists may be able to shake hands with a French, a Cape Colony, an Australian, Rhineland, Portuguese, Spanish, or Italian vine grower. And not only the juice of the grape, but of the orange, banana, grenadilla, raspberry, pomegranate, plum, cherry and other luscious fruits of the tropical and temperate zones. Already medical science is be" ginning to concern itself more intimately with the therapeutic quali- ties of various fruit and nut juices. We should concentrate all our forces-missionary, medical, political-economist, philanthropic-on the prohibition of alcohol in Negro and Negroid Africa. Simultane- ously we should try by propaganda to give publicity to all the wholesome substitutes for alcohol.

ALCOHOL AND DRUGS IN INDIA PRONOUNCEMENT BY SIXTY-SEVEN MEDICAL MEN IN INDIA It has been proved by careful scientific experiments and con- firmed by experience that: 1. Alcohol, cocaine, opium, and intoxicating drugs (such as bhang, ganja, and charas) are poisons.

2. Even a moderate use of these is harmful, especially in tropical countries like India. They are of no avail per- manently to relieve physical and mental strain.

3. Those who confine themselves to non-alcoholic drinks and who avoid the use of intoxicating drugs are capable of more endurance, and are better able to resist infection and . disease. 4. Alcohol is in many cases injurious to the next generation, especially through its favoring influence upon venereal disease. 5. Alcohol aggravates the evils of famine. 6. Alcohol is useless as a preventive of plague. 7. Alcohol lowers the resisting power of the body against the parasites of malaria and the microbes of tuberculosis. 8. All that has been said applies with equal force to opium and intoxicating drugs. 9. We therefore appeal to the people of India to maintain and extend the practice of total abstinence as enjoined upon them by their religious and social obligations.

",..0V7.h'>I ,r •• TO AJ.EAS AltD A..'ROXUiilAn

POPULATION OF (;ACK OF MEXICO Showinf Division of R.sponsibility fot' o.:CIlpanon of Territory a."

Missionary Soei.ti.. as Afreed Upon at the Ccmf……. of Christian Work…. City of M.xico. F.bruary lS-21. 19111 The program of co-operation adopted includei-.

A University in the Ctty of Mexico. A Hospital In the City of Mexico. Elil:ht Agricultural Schoofs in as many different centel's of the Republic; A Schoo' of Mechankal Arts in each important center. Normal Schools in such districts as do not ~t possess them, and the suenllf1enitlc of those already existing; Devetopment of the Union Theotogical Seminary .Iready existing in Mexico City; A Community Center Of Institutional Church in each important center in the Reputltic: A Union Publishin, House, Union Pa~. and Book Store, in City of Mexico; A Campa~an to popularize Medical KnowIedp; Definite dtvi$ion of territorial responsibility so as to .void overlappini or duplicati.m of effort.

o MILES o

Advanced Program for

BY REV. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, NEW YORK Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America WHAT is our duty toward Mexico now that the European War is oved Many are saying that it is armed interven- tion. A leading magazine heads an editorial: "The Time to Stop a War is Before it Begins. "-and goes on to say: "Our war with Germany is over. For a while at least most of humanity has ceased its ghastly self-slaughter, and men's hearts and minds are filled with hopes and plans for a better and an ordered world. We have entered upon a breathing space during which, if public opinion will but steady itself, inform itself, and concern itself with realities instead of with chimeras, we may actually stop the next war before it begins.

"The next war! How can there be a next wad We have just won the war that was to end war. The Kaiser languishes in exile. Prussian militarism is overthrown. Whom then must we fight and what are we to fight about?

"With a full realization of the seriousness of what we are saying, our blunt answer to the first question is Mexico, and to the second American Investments."

The American missionaries in Mexico believe that they have a duty to lead the American people in a program away from armed intervention and toward both the development of friendly relations between the two countries and to helping the Mexicans toward the solution of their problems. This article ontlines the plan which the missionary forces propose. This plan is not hastily made. It represents an intense stndy of the subject for more than four years by a company of people who more than any other group of foreigners have become identified with the Mexicans and enjoy their confidence. Indeed many Mexicans have taken part in making the program and President Carranza and other leaders have heartily endorsed it.

Readers of the REVIEW will remember that in June, 1914, many missionaries to Mexico finding themselves in the United States on account of political disturbances in that country, held a conference of representatives of interested Boards in Cincinnati, and studied the whole Mexican situation. Advanced ground was taken in matters of comity and union among the various communions and a challenging program was outlined. Under the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, which acts as a Board of Strategy for the twenty-eight missionary societies working in Latin America, this program has been presented to the various Boards, was altered, 431

worked over, and enlarged. Finally, nine out of eleven societies at work in Mexico agreed to send delegates to a Oonference in Mexico Oity, February 15 to 21, to decide on the final details of what is probably the most comprehensive cooperative effort to help a neigh. boring country that has ever been undertaken by the Ohristian Ohurch.

THE READJUSTMENT OF TERRITORY This program involves, in the first place, an entire read· justment of the territory occupied by the different societies, in or- der to do away with overlapping and duplication of work.' The first American missionaries went into Mexico in the early seventies. As others followed they naturally settled in the most acce&sible places, with no concerted plan. So when a survey was made in 1914, much overlapping of effort was found. For instance, in a city of 35,000 inhabitants there were three strong normal schools for girls, supported by as many Boards, with six American mis- sionary residents, while another whole state with a million people . had not one evangelical worker. ,Most of those at the conference recognized, as soon as the facts became known, that the fO,rces should be redistributed so as to give all parts of the country equal service. But how was it possible to leave fields occupied for nearly half a century, to sell property, and to abandon constituencies' If the Boards agreed, how could denominational machinery be ad- justed, and how could we persuade donors of memorial buildings, and other interests to consent? It is too long a story, but the fact is that the need of the people has overcome the difficulties, so that the readjustment of territory has taken place. Two Boards, that of the Disciples and the Southern Presbyterians, have abandoned all the territory they had and have transferred their work to an entirely new part of the country, thus compelling their constituency in the United States to learn even a new geography. Practically all the other Boards have made sacrifices in order that all- the country might be occupied. As a result today, each of the co- operating societies know just how much territory it has to occupy, just how many schools, institutions, hospitals, and workers it must provide, and best of all provision is made for -every corner of the Republic to hear the Gospel message. The following description of the distribution of primary responsibility as now accepted by all the Boards concerned, for brevity's sake, does not include extra state boundaries, where more than one Board occupies the same state."

Congregationalists are primarily responsible for the states of Sonora, Sinaloa, Nayarit and Colima.

* The Northern and Southern Baptists and the Protestant Episcopal Church have not entered into the arrangement.

AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO

Methodists South, the states of Chihuahua, Durango, Coahuila and Nuevo Leon.

Friends, the state of Tamaulipas.. Associate Reformed Presbyterians, parts of the states of Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi and Vera Cruz. Disciples of Christ, the states of San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas and Aguascalientes. Presbyterians, North, the states of Yucatan, Campeche, Tabasco, Chiapas and Oaxaca, Vera Cruz and territory of Quintana Roo. Presbyterian, South, the states of Michoacan and Guerrero and part of Morelos. Methodist Episcopal, the states of Guanajuato, Queretaro, Hidalgo, Puebla, Tlaxcala, and parts of Mexico and Morelos. The Federal District with the capital, Mexico City is common territory.

This adjustment of territorial responsibility has been approved, and will have been largely carried out by the time this is in print. Some Boards have been working in this new territory for consider" able time, having begun to reshape their program immediately following the Cincinnati Conference. The cooperating Boards are showing the finest spirit of unselfishness in exchanging property, and local churches are getting together in a new way. In some towns there is a uniting of two or three former denominational churches into one "Iglesia Evangelica" and properties thus freed are turned into Community Centers. Mission Boards have made it clear to the Mexican churches that no authority was assumed over them to "turn them over" to other communions, but that naturally they would be glad if there could be a clos~r union of the churches, even as the missionary Boards were learning to cooperate more closely. The new move- ment is thus able to strengthen the churches by throwing them more on their own resources for the- work of self-propagation, and by having the Foreign Mission Boards assume the distinctively edu- cational part of the program. Another distinctive advantage in knowing just how much terri- tory for which a communion is responsible is that it can figure just how many schools, hospitals, churches, teachers, ministers, etc., it needs to do its job adequately. Curiously enough, each Mission Board that has its territory delimited is now realizing the need of putting much larger forces in the field than it ever did when it vaguely considered all Mexic., as its field. The Northern Presbyterian Board, that before carried on work all the way from Torreon to Yucatan, with a staff of about thirty foreign workers, since it has accepted the entire responsibility for a limited area, and made a careful survey of the needs of the reduced field, is now planning for a force of eighty-seven foreign workers, one hundred and twenty Mexican workers, and the expenditure of $1,500,000 for educational equipment in the next ten years. The Southern Methodist Board reports that si.nce taking over the property of the Congregationalists in the city of Chihua-

hua. it finds itself with the most complete mission station there that it has anywhere in the world, with a wonderful opportunity and responsibility for leadership in educational and philanthropic work in a great center.

Monterey illustrates a somewhat different situation, as there were more complications there. There were four strong Boards supporting work, the Southern Methodists, the Northern Presbyterians, the Disciples of Christ and Northern Baptists. The Presbyterian and Disciple Boards are to withdraw from Monterey. The two congregations, however, which are old institutions, with a well-developed membership, have decided to maintain independent life. Since the withdrawal of the Board's support, the Presbyterian Church has maintained itself, paid its pastor, and seems to be taking on new life. The Disciples Church, composed of some of the oldest Protestant families in Mexico, believes that it should continue its corporate life and do its part in the evangelization of the city. Yet both of these churches say that they appreciate the action of their missions in entering the cooperative movement, that it is best for the whole country, and that they will in every way cooperate with the Christian force left in Monterey. It has taken some time to bring about the feeling on the part of these congregations that the Boards are doing the right thing; and one cannot help but sympathize with them in hesitating to change over in a body immediately to another denomination merely at the snggestion of foreigners. There would seem to be little doubt that the problem will be worked out, and there will develop a very close cooperation, if not a union, between the Methodist, Disciple and Presbyterian congregations.

A great gain has already been made in the fact that these two churches have become self-supporting. It may yet prove that one of the best results from this exchange of territory will be the development of a large nnmber of self-supporting churches. Monterey, a city of 80,000 people, needs four or more evangelical churches, if they are all cooperating with one another and doing work in different parts of the city. No doubt the Mexicans will find it easier to forget the denominational distinctions taught them by the Americans after they are placed upon their own responsibility.

As to the Northern Baptists, they are cooperating with the Southern Baptists rather than with the other eight Boards,. This will mean that in practically all the large cities of Mexico there will be one of these cooperating Boards with either a Northern or Southern Baptist work. It is hoped, however, that there will develop in each of these centers a close cooperation between the two bodies, especially since the Northern Baptists have already approved many of the general plans for cooperation.

AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO

One's heart leaps with enthusiasm as he contemplates the wonderful opportunity a single missionary society has with such a magnificent property as the Southern Methodists will control in Monterey after they have taken over that of the Disciples. Beginning at the Lawrence Institute, with three buildings and a block of ground, one will find a magnificent boys' school. Just a block away is a missionary residence,and a half block of ground which will be taken over by the Methodists, and two blocks further the magnificent building of the Christian Institute, where the Methodists will start a girls' school. A little distance from here is the hospital which the Methodists conducted with such splendid results for many years, and which will be reopened soon. Further on down toward the center of the town is found the large Methodist church. Mter taking over the Disciples' property there will be five large pieces of ground, with eight buildings; one church, three large school buildings, one hospital and three residences. Even without being on the ground one can easily imagine how, with the proper force of workers all united under one Board, with one common policy, a great compelling program may be developed which will dominate the city.

The Board that takes under its control such a large amount of property, with so many different kinds of work, must look at the problem in a very large way. Opportunities will be equalled only by responsibilities. The old, narrow programs, with few workers and limited budgets, must be replaced by an inclusive program that will serve the social, physical, educational and spiritual needs of a community, with workers who are specially trained for each department of service. The educational program, for example, should be directed by a man who i& thoroughly prepared in educational administration, and who understands not simply how to teach a few classes, but who knows the problems involved in the education of a whole people. Likewise the men who direct the evangelistic program should be of brf)ad spirit, understanding how closely the spiritual development of a backward people like the Mexicans is tied up with the economic and political problems which confront them. The force should certainly include those who are specially prepared to direct various kinds of social service and community work. After eight years of almost constant revolution it is clearer than ever that those who will do the most for Mexico must help in every department of life, and that our mission work will be of little avail unless we appreciate the problem from this viewpoint.

The city of San Luis Potosi is another good illustration of how the new plan will work. The evangelical forces consisted of the Southern Methodists, the Northern Presbyterians and the Baptists. The Presbyterians and the Baptists have had only evangelistic

work. Both own their Mission buildings. The Methodists have a beautiful church building. On one side is a residence capable of housing at least three families; on the other side is a building formerly used as a school for boys. A half block away is a large building that was used formerly as a school for girls. There hayo been no American missionaries in San Luis Potosi for four or five years, but Mexican pastors have kept up the church work. For some time the Presbyterians and Methodists, whose churches are only a block apart, have been considering the new program proposed by the Mission Boards, and each of these congregations has decided to cooperate completely in the new evangelical organization which may be developed out of these changes. It would not seem difficult to have these two churches combine. They might then become self-supporting.

The Disciples of Christ are to occupy tbis field in exchange with the Methodists, and the Presbyterians are to withdraw. The idea of the Disciple leaders seems to be that they would come in to do the educational and institutional work necessary in the city and to help, as might seem best, in the development of the local church. There is no intention to invade any of the rights of the individuals or congregations, but to cooperate with them iu the development of a strong church, known simply as the "Evangelical Church." The Baptist pastor brought his congregation to a union service which was held in the Methodist church on a recent Sunday rught, and expressed himself as desirous of cooperating in various ways.

THE PROGRAM IN SAN LUIS POTOSI . A general outline of the proposed new program is as follows: the Evangelical Church, which would draw all of the elements possible from the various sources, will meet in the beautiful Methodist church building. The large property formerly a girls' school will be used as an institute along the lines already worked out by the Disciples in their "People's Institutes" in Piedras Negras and San Antonio, Texas, with night classes, lectures on many themes, that would interest and educate the people, reading room, circulating library, gymnasium, classes in carpentry, shoemaking and other mechanical arts, with a kindergarten and primary school during the day. The Presbyterian church building, which faces a prominent plaza, will be used as a center for the poor people, who are in such dire need. The rear room will be dedicated to a clinic, the upstairs to a distributing center for second-hand clothing, the auditorium to evangelistic meetings for those who attend the clinic during the day, and at night for showing educational films and giving lectures on hygiene and teaching adults how to read and write. There seems to be no limit to the opportunities for such service in this city, where the poor people have crowded in from the

AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO

surrounding country, hundreds of them sleeping in the doorways at night and walking the streets by day seeking for some little work to do or begging for enough to keep body and soul together.

The delimitation of territorial responsibility is, however, only a small part of the program which embraces three phases of work: (1) that done by each individual communion in its own territory; (2) that done in its own territory in accordance with a general co- ordinated plan; and (3) that done in entirely union institutions.

As to the first phase, the representatives of each commuuion visited their work and developed a program for their field before meeting in the conference at Mexico City. This means that each one of the eight Boards has now a carefully worked out program for its field, which includes the number of workers needed and the number of institutions to be established within a certain period, generally ten years.

The second and third phases of the program (coordinated and union work,) are clearly outlined. One of the most important divisions is that which calls for each of the eight Boards to develop an Agricultural and Mechanical college, specializing along the lines suited to the part of the country for which it is responsible. These schools will, therefore, be strategically located from Tamaulipas, Durango and Sinaloa on the North, down through the central states of Aguascalientes and Mexico to Michoacan and Yucatan in the south. While each of these will be supported by an individual Board, there will be a general secretary of agricultural education who will study the whole problem and coordinate these various schools in their endeavor to cooperate with the Government and the people in the solution of the land problem. The eight normal schools already conducted by the missions will be enlarged and several other schools of this class opened in order that every section of the country will have a center where both men and women may be trained as teachers. In the past the mission normal schools have furnished a large pel' cent of the teachers for the public schools in Mexico.

Then there is to be opened in each state capital and other centers of importance in the whole republic, a trade school which will be adapted to the industrial life and problems of each individual community. It has been decided also that a community center shall be opened in each of the cities and towns of importance in the republic. There will be a forum for the discussion of community problems, reading room and circulating library, night classes, lectUr£ison subjects of public interest, clinics and other means of service.

The Committee on Cooperation in Mexico, which is the official representative of these various Boards, will have a secretary who will give his time to the coordinating of these various united ef-

forts. A Board of Evangelical Education hali been formed, which will also have a secretary whose business it will be to travel among the schools, suggest improvements in their curricula, coordinate their work, both among themselves and with the government schools, organize teachers' institutes and in every way develop the efficiency of the educational institutions.

Two years ago a Union Theological Seminary was organized in the City of Mexico, with eight Boards cooperating. It has been most successful in its work. Plans are now made for the larger development of this institution so that it may meet the great demands for M[.'xican Christian leadership. Nine Boards have united in the development of one evangelical publishing house with headquarters in Mexico City.. The various printing plants of individual Boards have just been consolidated. A union paper for all of the churches will appear about July 1st, and a bookstore and depository is now being organized. A union hospital is planned for Mexico City.

The conference also worked on the problem of a university in the City of Mexico which should represent the best combination of both North American and Mexican educational ideals. It was decided that this institution would do a wider service if it were not connected with any ecclesiastical organization. It is intended that it should be a Christian institution, laying emphasis upon both the moral and practical sides of education.

This far-reaching program was submitted to President Carranza by a delegation from the conference and was heartily approved by him. In the conference itself were a number of Mexicans who have prominent positions in the educational and political life of Mexico at the present time. In fact it is most surprising to find the preponderant number of men in the present Mexican government who are connected with the Protestant Church, either by having been educated in mission schools or who have been ministers of Protestant churches. The Director of the National Preparatory School is a Presbyterian elder. The Secretary of the National University is a former Protestant minister. The Director of Secondary Instruction for the :F'ederal District is the son of a Protestant minister. Several governors of states are Protestants, as are countless directors and teachers in public schools.

It might be well to add here that President Carranza has recently initiated reforms in the constitution of Mexico, to change those articles which· prohibit religious corporations from conducting primary schools, and foreigners from exercising the rights of the ministry in Mexico. The American Mission Boards therefore feel that they can count upon the enthusiastic support of the Mexican people in the development of this large, inclusive program.

Effects of the War on

BY REV. JAMES DEXTER TAYLOR. D. D.

Missionary of the American Board in South Africa T WENTY years ago the Boer War in South Africa ab- sorbed the attention of the world and held the front page of the newspapers for three years. From 1914 almost to the present there has been going on in Africa a war, which, for extent of territory involved, number of men engaged, loss of life, and especially for its effect on international relationships, dwarfs the Boer War into insignificance and yet it has had for the most part only an occasional paragraph in the newspaper~.

It is interesting to trace the relation of Africa, remote as it seems to the every day life of the average American, to the World War and to world peace. In Africa the old style of international politics has been supremely exemplified, the race for territory, the clash of territorial and political ambitions, the secret treaty and the trading of interests. For many years before the war broke out Africa had been, equally with the Balkans, the powder magazine of the world. On more than one occasion war clouds have hung over Europe because of what the agents of European governments were doing in Africa. There the Germany which entered with uncertain and reluctant step on a policy of expansion in 1885 had, by the time when her military successes seemed about to promise success to her ambition for world power, remapped Mrica, laying out for herself a "Mittel Afrika" empire which was to be the foundation of her "Mittel Europa" empire, supplying the raw materials without which the latter could not exist, and diverting the attention of her greatest potential opponent, Great Britain. There the two· great democracies of Europe, adjusting their long antagonistic interests, formed by the treaty of 1904 the basis of the Entente Cordiale which settled the alignment of Europe's great democracies against her great autocracies in the world war. There, at Tangier, at Algeciras, and at Agadir were heard the first rumblings of the war that was so near. Moreover, Mrica might well have caused the Allies to lose the war. Had Egypt and the other Mohammedan countries on the north been drawn by the wiles of Germany into the "Holy War" proclaimed by her unholy ally, or had the mass of the Dutch population of South Africa been deceived by the same clever propaganda into rebellion against Great Britain, there would have been a different story to tell on the western front. Mrica will put to the test the unselfishness and idealism of the Allied 439

Nations at the peace table, for there are the possible spoils of war, but there also is the great opportunity for an experiment in international government. Surely the interests of Africa are the interests of Christendom, and we cannot afford to be indifferent as to what becomes either of Africa's territory or Mrica's people. We are not here mainly concerned with political considerations, but with those which bear upon the progress of the Kingdom of God in Mrica.

Let us first review what the war has meant to the African and to the missionary work in Africa. The former German territories in Africa, which have been conquered by three ycar~ of hard campaigns and severe fighting, are in area five times the size of Germany in Europe. Their population, estimated· by some writers as high as 13,000,000, has been under the arbitrary, militaristic rule of the power which knew no scruples that might prevent the attainment of its ends. Even before the war its population had been reduced by cruelties, private and official, to an alarming extent. Slavery still existed, so that 185,000 slaves to be freed is one of the legacies left in East Africa.

It is said that about 200,000 lives were lost in the Kamerun campaign alone; native communities were scattered, never to be reunited, thousands of natives were driven from their homes by war or drawn from their homes for service with the forces. Twenty thousand Bantu from South Africa served as drivers with the forces in East Africa, besides an equal number who saw service in labor battalions in France. About 167,000 natives from Nyasaland, Uganda and Rhodesia served as carrier corps. Native troops from Nigeria and Sierra Leone took part in the actual fighting in East Africa. Native levies were, drawn from the territory of every allied power in Africa, which means every province of the great continent. It is not too much to say that the great continent, accustomed to be called the "Dark Continent," still almost as much a terra inoognita to most Americans as before the explorations of Livingstone and Stanley, has felt throughout its mass and amongst its millions of backward peoples the upheaval and distress that has come to so large a portion of the world during the Great War.

Perhaps, to a degree beyond our knowledge, there has been felt throughout the length and breadth of Africa the throb of the same great hopes that the war has brought to other peoples. We do not say that the full meaning of democracy has penetrated to the mind of the pagan African, nor that he knows and sympathizes with the ideals of a League of Nations, but he is shaken out of his old pagan inertia, he has uew and

SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA

. WHA'I' SHAI,I, BE HIS PLACE IN 'l'HE NEW DEMOCRACY?

larger ideas of the rest of the world, and his ambitions arl3 awakened as never before. There is therefore created a new psychological atmosphere for missionary work, an atmosphere at once full of hope and full of danger; hope in the arousing of ambition, the broadening of horizons, the attaining even to a small degree of a world point of view, the inevitable result of which will be a turning toward the education which he recog-

nizes as the basis of the white man's power. The point where that education is most accessible to him, in most cases the only point where it is obtainable, is the Mission Station. Mass movements, already a marked feature in many parts of the continent, for example, in Nigeria, Kamerun, Uganda and Livingstonia, will probably become more general. A sense of helplessness in the new conditions, as well as ambition for the white man's education, will drive the natives to the missionary as their nearest and most trusted friend.

The danger in the situation lies in the fact that there will be more or less blind reactions to poorly understood influences. The heathen prophet will find good soil for his dangerous· sowing, as he does in every great crisis. Already in South Africa the native is learning to use the dangerous weapons of democracy. Strikes are becoming common. Those nearest the life of the native feel that he is in a turmoil of unrest. Hard times, the pressure of discriminating legislation and the tension of racial adjustments are producing a mental attitude in the native dangerous to himself and dangerous to the State. Even the Church is feeling the tension. Ethiopianism, the policy of no white control in the native church, is reviving after a somewhat quiescent period.

Truly it is a time for great activity and great prayer on the part of the Christian forces. The native is learning to use the dangerous weapons of democracy, the strike, passive resistance, political agitation. It is for us to furnish him with its useful tools, an understanding of Christian ideals and ethics, an education in industry; we must provide social outlets and opportunities; we must direct the growing sense of racial solidarity; we must labor to secure for the native rights and opportunities, fair land tenure and a share in the privileges as well as in the responsibilities of civilization. The war has intensified the conditions which the· white man's civilization was already bringing to Africa. It has also vastly enlarged and intensified the missionary opportunity and responsibility.

. The war has to an appreciable extent crippled the missionary forces which were already inadequate to the great task. The great German missionary organizations in Africa have for the most part been put out of business by the war, except in South Africa where they have been able to continue on a limited basis.. A~ the conquest of the territory has proceeded, the stations have gradually been reopened and Christian communities collected and reorganized, but under British and American societies which have had to stretch their Blender resources of men and m(lney to take on the new responsibilities. The closing out of

SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA

the German societies has removed several hundreds of mISSIOn- aries, together with their support.

The necessity for the snbstitution of the French for the Ger- man langnage in the schools of those areas of Togoland and Kamerun under French control has brought a further strain upon the missions in those areas. A complete and sudden adjustment to new language and new laws cannot be made without serious strain on organizations always undermanned for the size of the . task.

A still further crippling of the missionary force has been by the drawing away of large numbers of missionaries into military service. Some have been combatants, as in the case of the French; others have been chaplains or officers in labor contillgents. Some have officered carrier corps. Medical missionaries have in many instances given either whole or part time to military service.

Building enterprises have been held up by the prohibitive cost of building materials. Missionaries have had to give an unusnal amount of time to the raising of local products to serve as substitutes for foreign necessities of life unobtainable owing to shipping conditions. Government grants for education have either stood stin or in many cases been decreased or withdrawn. Self-support has been made difficult in the native churches on account of eoonomic conditions.

Cooperative efforts have been handicapped. For example, the General Missionary Conference of South Africa which should have met in 1916 has not met since 1912. Preoccupation with war interests, the financial stress, the impossibility of securing cooperation with German missionary forces, formerly a factor in the Conference, all have operated against such important co- operative enterprises. Mohammedanism has undoubtedly suffered less and bene- fited more by the war than Christianity. Upon Christianity, the gospel of peace on earth, rests the burden of acoounting to the native for the war among Christian nations. Mohammedan priests have been chaplains of pagan African battalions in the Sudan. Mohammedan soldiers have gained new prestige in many fields. The Christian propaganda centers' in mission stations and schools, which have in many instances been closed or scattered diH- ing the war. The Mohammedan propaganda· centers in the mobile trader who can quickly resume his travels on the caravan routes. Mohammedanism, broken as a political power, is perhaps more alive than ever as a religious power and is pressing southward to the very borders of civilized Africa.

LESSONS FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION 1. The African, not only in the conquered German colonies,

JOHA NNESBURG MIN E WORKERS-FOR GOD OR FOR THE DEVIL but in all of Africa, must get a square deal. He has had his share in the sufferings of the war. He must share in the privileges of life, liberty and self-government which the war has bought. His present capacity to enjoy the full benefits of democracy is limited, but to the limits of his capacity he should benefit by the new conditions. There is something pathetic and one may hope prophetic in the fact of thousands of Africans; the hewers of wood and drawers of water of the world, the nation without a nationality, fighting for the cause of world democracy, or laboring that an equal number of white meu might fight. It is a saf.e guess that the number of native Africans who have contributed to the Allied man-power will run well toward half a million. They have given their lives for the cause. Not only must the millions who have been freed from Germany's oppressive rule not be placed again under such control, but the League of Nations should see to it that throughout the continent the African secures equitable possession of land, self-government to the limit of his capacity and protection from exploitation by the white race. It must be secured alSi() that governments shall give the freest opportunity and the most cordial cooperation to the missionary forces which are laboring for the uplift of the African. The Portuguese and French colonial governments have been and are antagonistic to missionary effort in some of the areas under their control. .

We do not ask that African populations living in primitive tribal conditions, and still in the grip of fetishism shall be asked to decide by ballot what European nation, if any, they would choose

SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA

CHRISTIAN PREACHERS IN TRAINING AT UNION THEOLOGICAL COLLEGE. NATAL to rule over them, nor that the conquered territories be handed over to the rule of native chiefs, but we do insist that in all territories there shall be recognition of native rights and provision for native development, not according to the standards that the economic or political interests of the rulers may make expedient, but according to the standard that shall satisfy the conscience of the Christian world. Whether this international responsibility shall be exercised through the international commission government proposed by the British labor party for all of Africa between the Sahara and the Zambesi is a question of practical politics; the maintenance of the principle is an obligation of Christian statesmanship.

2. The native church has shown itself in the trying circumstances of the war to have the faith and the staying qualities that prove its capacity for a large place in the reconstruction plans of the missionary enterprise. In German East Africa Christian communities, of British origin, passed through· severe persecution wi.thout flinching. In Kamerun, where there was so much of suffering, the progress of the Church toward self-support was not stayed and its magnificent evangelistic enterprise continued unhindered. in Uganda the Church has seized eagerly upon the missionary op- . portunity that the war has opened of carrying the gospel to other

tribes. E:verywhete the native Christian has made good. As a steadying influence in the overseas labor corps, in the Christian carrier corps, in East Africa, and as a medical unit in the same campaign the native Christian has won high praise. Unquestion- ably the native church is a steadying influence amidst the social turmoil in South Africa.

The inference is that much is to be hoped from the de- velopment of the· native church into full self-support, self-con- trol and self-propagation; and the greater also is the emphasis upon the necessity for the training of a strong native leader- ship in the pastorate, the teaching profession and the trades.

3. The end of the Great War is the psychological moment for the intensifying of the war against the great remaining . atrocity in Africa, the liquor traffic. The liquor interests of South Africa have selected th~ most critical moment in the history of the South African native to launch a campaign to break down the prohibitive laws in the mining areas by opening can- teens for the sale of Cape wines and beer to natives. No timE' will be lost by the trade in recovering lost ground in Nigeria and else- where on the west coast,where war conditions have t.emporarily suspended the importation of liquor. The war has proven more conclusively than ·ever that the traffic is a cancer in the life of nations. The moment of peace is the moment for the temperance forces of America to back the missionary forces in Africa in a great campaign for the abolition of the liquor traffic throughout the continent.

4. All that has been said puts new emphasis upon the neces- sity for co-ordinating the missionary forces on the field. Kikuyu has sounded the trumpet of advance in its declaration of purpose not to rest till all the societies in that area shall share one church and one ministry. The German societies must be welcomed back to their share in the common enterprise of the Church. Denomi- national lines must fade, national churches from abroad must take on more truly African character, there must be greater recogni- tion of the essential oneness of all churches in Christ; there must be a re-survey and a more definite attempt than has yet been made to avoid overlapping in the more settled portions of the continent j there must be unity of effort in great social service and educa- tional programs that the resources of the Kingdom may not be squandered and that the greatest opportunity Africa has ever pre- sented may not be wasted.

Altogether the tasks that face the Church in Africa after the war are such as emphasize the duty of the American Church to keep Africa very much to the front in its prayers and its giving at this critical time.

Church and the Industrial Situation*

BY THE REV CHARLES A. BROOKS, Do Do, NEW YORK Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society T HERE is a striking and significant coincidence in the way the united missionary education program fits in with the re- cent rapid development of interest and importance of the situation as concerns the world's industrial workers.

The united home and foreign mission topic agreed upon a year ago, "Christianity and the World's Workers," recognizes the fact that the issues involved are not sectional or national but universal j that they are not remotely "foreign" or too inconveniently "home" to be interesting. This is a happy assurance that there is no real rivalry or competition or division of interest between" home" and "foreign" missions. Even more full of promise, is the recognition that the subject itself is missionary, inviting the challenge of adventure for God and humanity, the conflict of long esfablished wrongs with divine truth and light and love and 0 the dawning kingdom of Brotherhood and Peace.

The working men and women the world over, the common people whom God must love, according to Lincoln, have become intensely conscious of themselves as a class, and the necessities of the war have made them aware of the dependence of the world upon them and their co-operation. They have alarmed the more conservative elements by their ins~stence upon immediate satisfaction of their claims, reasonable or unreasonable. The highest wages ever paid have not proven sufficient to keep many groups of labor active and productive even though any slacking of their effort imperiled the cause of world freedom in which they had as much at stake as anyone. Then the debacle in Russia, the 80ciaJist opposition to the program of America in the war and the proven disloyalty of the 1. W. W. has roused bitte'r resentment and deep suspicion in the minds of conservative people that the class struggle is brutally and blindly selfish, and is a menace which must be put down at all costs.

But these facts do not tell the whole story nor do they finally dispose of the matter. Weare not to be done with this struggle until the moral leadership of the world courageously finds the way to permanent and just industrial peace.

America in 1800 was largely a rural nation. In that day eightyeight per cent of the people lived in the country and cultivated the soil. Today only twenty-four per cent are farmers. There are seventeen great cities, each of which is larger than anyone of our ten smallest states. In 1910, 13 cities had an aggregate population *This article was written before the Armistice was signed.-EDlTOR.

447

of 17,000,000 lJ,nd employed in great industrial concerns more than 2,500,000 workers. The annual output of those concerns accord- ing to the government report was valued at $7,500,000,000. The mining and lumbering industries, with transportation, represent vast investments of capital and employ many thousands who live under conditions far less favorable to the general welfare than many of the cities and larger towns offer. The entrance on a large scale of women into industry and the great army of the foreign born present their own peculiar problems. The presence of chil- dren in the struggle for daily bread is a dark blot upon our civi- lization. Professor Fairchild of Yale well reminds us that our knowledge of how to produce satisfactory social conditions has not kept pace with our knowledge of how to produce wealth.

When the war began, America underwent very radical in- dustrial changes. The future significance of many of these changes and the establishment of many precedents, only an inspired prophet would attempt to foretell.

The tremendous industrial expansion which followed the un- precedented demand for war materials has revolutionized many communities and created outright many more. The Government established numerous centers under the Ordnance Bureau of the War Department for the production of chemicals, the loading of shells, etc. with populations varying from 1,000 to 25,000; built the houses and schools, the sanitary equipment and established a City Manager form of government. Old established industrial centers such as Newark, N. J., Bridgeport, Conn., Akron and Youngstown, Ohio, Bethlehem, Pa., Camden, N. J., Chester, Pa., etc., experienced an almost inconceivable growth in populatiQn·. The Delaware River Basin has become one of the busiest industrial areas of its extent on the globe. It is a conservative estimate that over 90,000 new population, including many foreigners and negroes, moved into the region. It is impossible even to estimate with any fair degree of accuracy how many people have been affected by these new conditions the country over. Some of these industries very naturally have now experi~nced a reaction but many others are not so much affected. Shipbuilding must go on for many years, the great chemical expansion begun under the pressure of the war will not be allowed to lapse. Many of. these communities will have a great industrial future.

The migration of negroes from the Southern States to North- ern industrial centers has in it great possibilities for good or ill. The railroads have been pioneers in importing negro labor to re- place the returned immigrants called home to take their part in the war. Not less than 750,000 negroes have crossed the Mason . and Dixon line to find a place in our Northern cities. Perhaps no single section has felt this more than Ohio, Indiana and Michigan.

THE CHURCH AND THE INDUSTRIAL SITUATION

A recent survey conducted under the auspices of the Home' Missions Council indicates conservatively that J30,000 new negro population has settled in these States. They naturally are oblige,d to live in the most undesirable quarters. They have been met by a hostile attitude on the part of many workers. The fearful outbreak in East St. Louis is an indication of the social and industrial upheaval, fortunately less serious in other sections than on the border. The higher wages and generally better conditions than most enjoyed in the South makes it apparent that in all probability these people will remain permanent residents in the North. These recent developments add a new importance and urgency to the industrial situation.

THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CHURCH No argument is needed to prove that the Christian Church in America is still too much of a negligible factor in the industrial world. It has little influence upon the masses of workmen and is either openly denounced or completely ignored. It is generally suspected of being partisan in its attitude and of representing the conservative element of society.

Without attempting any discussion of this very important problem may I suggest some ways in which the Church should reclaim her rightful leadership and influence.

1. The leaders of Christian thought and activity, pastors, laymen, secretaries and editors m?tst recognize the existence of a crucial opportunity in the period of reconstruction. It will not ' do to fall back upon our own formulas, strafe the Socialists, the Industrial Workers of the World and the Bolsheviki and take anattitude of hostility toward the labor leaders who in. many instances have merited criticism. We must' give ourselves to an earnest and open minded study of the issues involved and have an intelligent grasp of the situation. To-day Socialism seems to offer many earnest men the only medium of expression or outlet of their social passion. But there are thousands of men equally earnest and devoted to the cause of human welfare who cannot accept the doctrine of Socialism, and yet must line up with some constructive force which will not compromise with injustice nor tolerate human exploitation. The Christian Church can have these men and women any time she makes it evident that she stands foursquare and uncompromisingly for the supremacy of human rights in the name of her Lord. If the Church cannot lead these socially minded men and women, she will be thrust toone side, for God is mar<}hing on.

2. The Church must show its spiritual vitality and loyalty to the Spirit and mind of Christ by its passion for human welfare. Only a spiritually dead church can be indifferent to human need or

suffering. The great spiritual awakenings 'Of the Church have been fQllQwed by great refQrms. The revival which aWQke England under the ministry 'Of Wesley and Whitefield arQused England tQ realize the social wrQngs 'Of that day.

The Snnday schQols established by RQbert Raikes 'Of GlQucester were the beginnings 'Of a PQPuiar educatiQn. By writings and by her 'Own persQnal example Hannah MQre drew the sympathy of England tQ the PQverty and crime 'Of the agricultural laborer. The passiQnate impulse 'Of human sympathy with the wronged and afflicted raised hospitals, endowed charities, built churches, sent missiQnaries tQ the heathen, supPQrted Burke in his plea fQr the Hindu and Clarkson and Wilberforce in their crusade against the iniquity 'Of the slave trade. John Howard drew his inspiratiQn fQr prisQn ~efQrm frQm the same fountain head of spiritual plOwers newly 'Opened fQr the healing of the nations.

There can be nQ such thing as devDtion tQ Jesus Christ which dDes nQt carry with it lQve fDr men, especially fQr the fQlk whQ need it most. In fact our Lord said that the only assurance 'Of our devQtiQn He wDuld accept as valid is what we do for thDse whQm He lQves.

3. The Church must democratize its service and its fellowship. The Church was meant tQ be a kind of wQrking model Df the Kingdom 'Of GQd, an ideal society. There can be no such thing as a class cDnsciQusness in a truly Ohristian Ohurch. A "labQr" church is as much an anQmaly as a "capitalist" church. When Phillips BrQDks was tQ preach befDre Queen VictQria, SDme 'Of his English friends were anxiDus that he should appreciate the distinguished hDnDr and rather brDadly hinted this and asked what sermDn he had chQsen tQ preach. This great Christian replied, "I have but lOne sermDn." 'When asked tQ address a working man's meeting in Faneuil Hall he replied, "I dQn't knQw hQW tQ talk tQ wQrking men. " They were just men tQ him and he had the same message fDr them as fQr the men and WQmen 'Of the Back Bay. The wQrking men liked him the better fQr it and it was while serving as their chosen arbitratQr tQ settle a street car strike in BQston that he cQntracted the CQld which later caused his death.

Before DemQcracy was ever written intQ the cQnstitutiQn 'Of any natiQn it was written intQ the cQnstitutiQn 'Of the universe. DemQcracy is the Christian valuatiQn of human persDnality. Democracy should begin in the HQuse 'Of GQd.

A pastor in a Western city one day, as we were planning SQme cQmmunity service for an unchurched section of the city, tQld me Df a neighbDring pastQr who said when he had SQught tQ interest him in the prQject: "I am 'On a still hunt fQr substantial peDple." That undemQcratic and essentially un-Ohristian attitude has alienated many working people, and has actually turned many Df these

same "substautial people" from its doors. The Church can have the people any time it really wants them. But to want them, really and truly and deeply want them, is a spiritual achievement of a very high order.

4-The Church must proclaim with unmistakable clearness and unwaverin,q emphasis the stewardship of wealth and social position. The recent book by David McConaughy, "Money, the Acid Test," rightly makes ste,'ardship include not only the giving of money, .but the conscious and recognized obligation to society for the possession and use of every thing we possess. If we had been faithful a half a century ago in proclaiming the broad conception of stewardship we would have avoided many tragic mistakes and saved many wasted lives. This inability to recognize the application of Christian principles to business has been the root of untold injury to the cause of Christ. Whenever the Church will consider unsocial and dishonest stewardship as a ground for discipline and a basis for disfellowship it will have done much to regain the confidence of the man in the shop and the mine.

But in the light of the late crusade against world oppression and injustice, against exploitation and disregard of human rights, we have found our souls, we trust, and are ready to dare all things, make any sacrifice, endure any hardship in order that our dream of brotherhood and redemption may be realized. It is. this new temper of soul which should enable the Church to rise up and attempt the impossible.

A NEW MISSIONARY PROGRAM This attitude and spirit for which we have been pleading must of necessity be reflected in the missionary program of the churches.

I-There must be effective co-operative planning and execution. That was at once apparent in the new industrial centers developed under pressure of the war. It was this conviction that led to the organization of The Joint Committee of Sixteen to represent the War Time Commission of the Churches and the Home Missions Council. This Committee adopted a tentative budget, for the first year, of approximately $900,000, and plans to establish Community churches with an adequate staff of workers in the new permanent communities and is enlisting the support of the various Home Mission Boards to strengthen already existing churches in the older established communities which have been called upon to meet the emergency of this industrial expansioll.

This spirit is finely illustrated in the organization of "The Calumet Church and Missionary F€deration," which is really a missionary planning Board to study and provide for the needs of that rapidly developing industrial region contiguous to Chicago on the East. Christian unity to be of any value must be wrought

out as the unity of allied military action has been wroughtardluu out in France, under the pressure of a great common peril and challenge which makes the recognition of a common cause absolutely essentiai to victory. 'The great. masses of laboring men and women, the people of the great congested areas in our cities, neither know nor care about our historic or theological differences. What they will understand readily is incarnate love and friendliness which reveals and interprets the Saviour.

2-0ur missionary program mnst be a comprehensive community program projected not upon the basis of theories, but on the ground of meeting the needs of the community.

During the frightful suffering endured by the poor in New York City in the winter of 1917 to 1918 the churches endeavored to keep the buildings warmed and opened to the community. The children came from school and the mothers and babies from the tenements, to seek refuge. One of the missionary organizations, when the coal for the churches was exhausted, appealed in vain for more. Finally the head woman worker went in person to present the urgency of the situation. She at once met with the sharp reply that they were not furnishing coal for churches. Then pleading for two minutes' time she told the story of the heroic service they had been doing to meet the emergency. Before she had finished the coal administrator called on the telephone to a supply yard and the missionary heard one end of the conversation and her imagination supplied the other. "Send some coal to the Second Avenue Baptist church. Yes I know we are not supplying any coal to churches, but this isn't a church. They call it a church, but it isn't a church, it's a place where they take care of children and women with babies. Send them some coaL"

The missionary program which is to minister to the community where congestion and poverty abound, where life is barren of beauty and warmth, must provide for the whole life of the whole community. The foreign mission program has long ago recognized that obligation, but some way our conventional religious activities have not made room for a building which shall be a community center, with a day nursery, a dispensary, a laundry, recreational and educational equipment. But we see it now, and the great Home Mission Boards will never be content to confine their ministry to a program that calls for a twice a week opening of a meeting house.

There can be no substitute for personal religious experience. What we plead for is what John the Baptist came for, a preparation for the Lord, a prepared way, with rough places smoother, the crooked straightened, the low places filled up and the high places leveled, that the glory of the Lord may be revealed and all flesh see it together.

@ @ ~

. _ " BE S'TDD.M~UETJtHJO…"Dau.S"". . . ,,~O ,,"_ EDiTED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, NEW YORK CITY_ Working By Proxy METHODS OF HELPING OTHERS DO THEIR WORK Is it true that no one can do 'another's work? Perhaps so, but equally true is it that every one can help some one else to do his work better. Some of the most effective workers in the world to-day are effective because of the people who are helping them, while the greatest things accomplished by men and women are not always the things they actually do themselves but the things they make it possible for others to do.

WILLIAM CAREY did a work conserve valuable strength and mul- which reached to the ends of tiply efficiency.

the earth. A widow unknown to The American women who gave fame in whose home he began his Dr. Ida: Scudder an automobile lit- work helped to make possible a work erally made the strength of that which she could have in no wise done splendid worker in India as the herself. strength of ten, for doctor plus A woman who never set foot in an automobile can cover as much Africa made possible much of the ground and see as many patients as work done by David Livingstone by ten doctors minus an automobile.

handing him a cash gift as he was A missionary who has been in going out to his work. With this service for thirty-two years recently gift Livingstone employed the native wrote to a friend: "It would be so man who cared for him in many easy for some one to make possible ways, who conserved the strength of a longer period of efficiency for the his master by attending to details of older missionaries by a little thought- his work, and, who actually saved ful provision for aids in our work.

the life of that greatest of all mis- . We go through our first and second sionaries to the dark continent, in and perhaps our third decades with an encounter with a lion. enthusiasm and energy, struggling We are inclined to most extrava- with the ever unsolvable problem of gant economy in withholding the making two very inelastic ends meet equipment which would make the to cover the needs of the family.

work of missionaries and missionary We do it cheerfully and get so used leaders really effective. to it that stretching one dollar to the Extravagance garbed in the guise purchasing power of five, and making of economy is it which bids a mis- something out of nothing, grow to be sionary secretary save on clerical help in time almost second nature.

to the exhaustion of his own vitality, "But when we start in on our while truest economy is found in the fourth decade we face a very difficult expenditure of sufficient amounts to situation. By virtue of our thirty. or 453

more years' residence and work in Many people have given thought to our adopted land we are at last really increasing the efficiency of the young in a position to do many things we missionary, but here is suggested a have longed to do. Now we meet great opportunity of prolonging the evidences of a love and confidence, efficiency of workers, already trained gained only by long years of residence and acclimated, who have a hold on and work. Now come requests to the work and a position of influence take charge of many important ac- not to be had by any new comers to tivities and, after working for all the field, no matter how gifted and these years to reach this vantage energetic they may be.

ground, we have to fail to make the UNLISTED IN WHO'S· WHO most of it, because of physicallimitations. If an adequate means of Yet they have made some great traveling about the large city in work possible.

which our work may lie were pro- . During the days of the war it vided, we might be able to do some seemed that a missionary secretary, of these things we have longed to who was doing exceptionally fine do and now have the opportunity of work in rural communities for the doing. If we could have enough Federal Council of Churches, would help in our homes, so that the enter- have to give it all up because his taining which is at once a great wife's strength was not sufficient to privilege and a great drain on the meet the demands made by the care strength of the senior missionaries, of the home and the children, with might be less of a drain and more of no servant to be had on any terms.

a privilege, we could have strength A bright young schoolgirl saw the released for the outside work that situation and proposed that she would calls so insistently. Even if he is come in for several hours every day able to get along without it in his to cook.or to wash dishes or to clean younger days, a missionary after his house or nurse as the need was.

third furlough should have some kind Some of her schoolmates made horri- of conveyance for his own use, or fied ejaculation: "Surely you are else a fund to enable him to use more not going out to help to do house- freely the public motor cars when work !" "Oh, no," said she. "I'm such are available. To his former going out to help the Federal Coun- salary should be added enough to cil of Churches carry out a program enable him to live and entertain the for a great work in rural communi- many guests who come to his door, ties."

without the straining economy which In the Centenary Campaign of the exhausts him. Methodist Church a man was needed Here for instance is the wife of a to do a fine piece of organizing work missionary. She is over sixty but in looking after the allocation of five is in good health and goes about four . thousand minute men to speak in miles to her work. She takes two different churches. A New York lines of cars and walks five blocks pastor was found who was peculiarly each way, occupying about an hour fitted for the task, but there seemed in· making the trip. She returns no way to secure his release from home exhausted. If she had been the heavy pastoral work which de- able to go in an automobile she could manded all of his time, until a young have made the trip in less than fif- layman said, "Now I cannot manage teen minutes and been rested instead as big a proposition as this area of wearied by it. Why does she not proposition with the assignment of live near her work? Because her speakers and all it involves, but I can husband's classes must be considered organize the executive work of this first and their home is convenient to congregation so as to release a large these." part of the pastor's time on six days

BEST METHODS

of the week. Whereupon he applied delegate to the International Sunday himself to the task of having the School Association. Of course you members of the congregation take are going." "I'm a delegate, but I'm care of many of the week day not going," was the answer. A bit activities which had previously been of questioning brought the informaattended to by the pastor. New- tion that he was not going because comers, and new members were called he did not have money to pay his on, the sick· were visited, and a expenses. Then the Bible class splendid system of work was set teacher said, "Now see here, I believe in motion which made it possible for in you and what you're going to do the pastor to give his time largely in the Sunday-school, and I'm going through the week to the big piece of to see that you go to that convenwork for the Centenary. This was tion." the main objective, but a valuable by-product was the increased activity The young man went, and there his of the membership of the congrega- eyes were opened to the possibilities tion in the work of the church: of the Sunday-school, and he has given his life to the realization of There is a woman whose name has these possibilities. never appeared in a list of missionary workers, but who is doing a great The Bible school teacher had only work by proxy. She does not speak a local influence through his own at meetings nor is she known to work, but when he found Marion executive councils, but she slips Lawrance and gave him the $20.00 quietly into the home of a prominent which paid his expenses to his first and busy missionary leader who is Sunday School Convention, he set in eminently fitted to both of these tasks, motion the greatest influence of his and takes. charge of her darning bas- life. ket, thereby releasing much of her gifted friend's valuable time for He little dreamed that he was service which she alone can give. An- helping the future General Secretary other woman who was doing a fine of the International Sundav Schaol piece of public work in addition to Association to find his work and to her own housekeeping was enabled do it in a way that has for years to continue it without interruption made him the outstanding Sundaybecause a practical friend said, "I sch001 leader of the world. cannot do the speaking you are doing, but if you will keep right at it, I'll In like manner some one saw the attend to your canning and preserv- possibilities in a young law student, ing this summer." and made arrangements for W. C. Pearce to go to his first Sunday- A business man proposed to as- school convention, which was a great sume the salary of one of the great influence in directing his exceptional missionary leaders of this country, ability in dealing with men in the making it possible for this most con- channels of Christian and Sundayvincing speaker to go all over the school work. country giving his message. He has stirred the hearts of men everywhere' DANGERS OF SELF-CENTERED and secured multiplied thousands for missions and many missionaries for SERVICE the field, The business man could not have done the work, but he made At a summer conference some one it possible for another man to do it. spoke of the magnetic personality and the outstanding success of one of the In the year 1884 a Bible class leaders. teacher put his hand on the arm of a young Sunday-school superinten- "Yes," said a thoughtful man dent. "I'm glad to see you are a quietly, "I have noticed his success and have noted that it has been attained at the sacrifice of other men's success. He seems to have had no thought beyond his own

classes. He has kept the members of rosetted and looped, artistically them beyond the hour, and knocked draped, and gaily streamered.

the heart out of the work of the man The hat was presented as a "going who followed him. He has featured away hat" for the summer confer- his own work, but has done nothing ence trip and the application thereof in a big cooperative way to help was evident. The committee testi- others do theirs." fied that they had no difficulty in se- To constantly have a thought for curing the gifts and that practically the success of others; to make it pos- everyone to whom they mentioned it sible for some one who is about to immediately wanted to have part in fail to succeed; to help some one who the plan.

is doing good work to do better Here lies a suggestion for sending work; to lead into the work some one delegates from various organizations.

who has been on the outside: here is A bright little rhyme to accompany broader opportunity than unconsider- the presentation adds to the occasion.

ing, self-centered achievement of ONE WOMAN'S INFLUENCE one's own task alone. The day was done, and a woman HER GOING AWAY HAT tired and weary signed her name to Modes and Methods in Missionary the last note to be written as the clock struck twelve. "Another day Millinery • gone and what have I done?" she The members of the miSSIOnary said. society wanted their pastor's wife to go to the summer conference, but the She read over the two notes: "Dear Miss Blank: There comes to financing of the trip was the thing me so constantly the feeling that the that clouded their brow. nurses in our hospitals are so overcworked and that they have so little relaxation She was a fine missionary leader, but for years she had been giving from their constant association with a world of sickness and suffering that I freely out of her store with no iust long to snatch them away from it chance for training or for stimulating all for a little while into an entirely differassociation with other leaders and ent atmosphere which would put a new teachers. The summer conference song in their weary hearts and a new spring in their tired steps. I have enwith its rich program of methods gaged two seats for all the orchestra conand study would be just the thing for certs this season which I want to place her, but where was the money to at your disposal, as you are in charge of come from, and just how was it to the nurses. I cannot do the work they be. presented to her? are doing but perhaps this strain of music Then began much whispered dis- in their lives will help them to do it better." cussion and many mysterious references. Whenever "the hat" was men- She sealed this and then glanced tioned, people smiled a little knowing over the other note.

smile and stock in millinery straight- "Dear Pastor; I am sending you a line way became popular. to let you know that a little bird flew At the close of the next meeting past and whispered to me that my pastor of the society a delivery boy ap- and my pastor's wife were tired and needed a rest. This same little bird flew peared at the psychological moment on up to Poland Springs and engaged a with a huge hatbox addressed to the room for you for a month on the very pastor's wife, who was asked to come forward to receive it. When the spot you said you would choose of all spots for a vacation, and tells me that the bills are all paid in advance. It was a box was opened a straw hat, product blue bird, by the way, and I am sure if you follow its leading you will find of a five and ten cent store, was happiness and new strength." lifted out. Interest centered not in the shape but in the most startling Before she went to sleep, her trimming, eloquently suggestive of St. thoughts traveled back over the busy Patrick. Greenbacks were gracefully hours of the day. No great task had

been done. She had attended a meet- lips tightened, her eyes flashed the ing of the Orphan's Home Board and spirit of the conqueror. By sheer had succeeded in getting an assistant force of her will she seemed to hold for the superintendent. She had her patient back from the out-reach- gone by the hospital to make sure of ing arms of death. In defiance of the delivery of the victrola and the the doctor's sigh she continued her records the nurse had told her would ministrations, not submissively but be such a wonderful help. She had combatively, until, as the hours of lost time there because one of the the night broke before the coming young doctors looked so tired and of the dawn, the doctor whispered worn she had stolen him away for a exultingly: "You win!"

little ride in her automobile. As the patient breathed evenly and Then she had mailed to a mission- regularly he said, "I marvel at your ary friend in Japan a number of endurance and your unconquerable dainty little dresses which her own SpIrIt. You simply held this man little daughter had outgrown, and back from death to-night, after I had sent with them a batch of late gave up."

magazines. In the evening she had The eyes of the nurse became given a birthday party for one of the dreamy. "I would have given ~p deaconesses at the mother house. too if it had not been for the con- For years it had been her custom to cert. I was completely exhausted be hostess for the birthdays of the last night but to-day some one sent sisters, most of whom were far awav me a ticket for the concert. It was from their families. Then she had wonderful and it put new life and finished up with the dressmaker who spirit into my work. I just could not was working on a dress for her give up with that music in my heart."

friend. She thought of this friend **** as she went to bed, and prayed that A pastor came back to his wor!: God would speak through her His after a month's vacation with a ne,1:'

messages as she traveled through light in his eye and a new energy in the land addressing important meet- his planning. Throughout the parish ings. Several years ago she had pro- it was evident. New members were posed that she would become "Lady enrolled, and far reaching plans were of the Wardrobe" to do her friend's projected. The church officials were shopping and look after all the time- full of joy. Now he seemed to be consuming details, so that her full getting a masterful grip on the situa- time might be released for missionary tion. He had been very tired and service. his vacation had made a new man of She slipped out of bed to write yet him. A woman who could not do a another note to assure this friend of pastor's work had made it possible hers that she was following her for a pastor to do his work more schedule with prayer. Then she went efficiently. * At an orphan's* ho*me*a- superintento sleep, little dreaming of what she had done that day. * * * * dent was carrying out her dream of In the dim light of a hospital years to give more time to some of room a doctor and a nurse sat by a the things she counted most vital, but which had been impossible for lack patient's bed. . "We lose," whispered the doctor to of assistance. Now, with her new the nurse, as he admitted the hope- assistant, had come new hope and lessness of the long, hard fight by a new courage and dreams come true. sigh and sat down dejectedly by the – With grateful heart her thoughts turned to the woman who had made patient's bed. No relaxing was evident in the this possible. "If there is any ~uccess nurse's face. The lines about her in my work just about half of the

reward is hers, because her hearty a birthday and cared to celebrate it.

support and understanding sympathy The few hours of happy relaxation have made my work possible. had bound all of the guests closer * *** together and put a clearer note of A nurse rolled a victrola into the fellowship and joy in their work ward on Sunday morning. As the "Bless her," whispered one, "she soft strains of "Rock of Ages Cleft just seems to live to help other peo- for Me" came to each ear the drawn ple to live up to their best and to faces in the beds relaxed and an air do their work"

of peace pervaded the room. Then **** followed others of the old hymns, A missionary secretary faced an bringing blessing and assurance to invitation to address a great gather- those who listened. From room to ing. "No more this year," she said room the victrola was taken and in as she glanced at her suitcase, "I each it gave its message and accom- must go home for rest and repairs."

plished its work. "It is one of my Then there came a letter written at first and one of my last aids," said midnight.

the nurse. "It has helped many "I am following you with my back to health and has comforted prayers as you speak Then, my some in the valley of the shadow. dear, I am worldly-minded enough This dear, dear friend of mine litt~ to follow you with the new dress you knows how many hearts she has had fitted several weeks ago. Never 'reached through her gift nor how get it into your head that the Lord much easier she has made my work" can speak better through a woman * * A * who is carelessly dressed than through young d*octor patients one who is hooked uP. straight with met his with a fresh breath of air in his no buttons dangling. I know how lungs and a new light in his eye, little time you have to give to details, just because of a little spin around and I count it a real privilege to the beautiful driveway of the park. relieve you of as much care of your **** wardrobe as possible; and while I Over in Japan a woman unpacked cannot address the audiences you can, little dresses while a deep wave of yet I hope you can get in more meet- thanksgiving swept her heart. She ings than you could if you had to be hugged her little daughter impul- bothered with this shopping."

sively. "This means, precious, not At a meeting next day four young only that you can have these lovely people decided to give their lives to dresses, but that mother can go right missionary service and a gift of five on with the kindergarten work in- thousand dollars was secured for stead of having to stop to sew as the work.

she had planned. And these maga- "These are her -trophies," said the zines! We must begin right away speaker to herself, Hfor I could to divide them up among all the not have accepted this invitation nor missionaries who are so hungry for a host of others if she had not taken a sight of them. They will bring on her shoulders so many details of joy all along the line. I wonder jf shopping and planning for me."

that friend across the ocean knows **** that she makes it possible for me to The day was done. A woman do many things that could neyer have tired and weary fell asleep. What had been done but for her?" she done? No newspaper recorded **** any great achievement with flaring A deaconess had gone to her work headlines. No audience thronged with a new glow about her heart. around her in appreciation, yet she It made such a difference to know had made possible work which reached that some Qne actually remembered the ends of the earth.

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS WM. H. FARMER, Montclair, N. J. Representative of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Board· CHRISTIAN LITERATURE IN MISSION FIELDS A Letter to the Woman's Foreign Mission Boards ONCE more the Committee on ment and urged upon all Christian Christian Literature for Women teachers throughout the land, reads and Children in Mission Fields de- like a romance. By this method sires to lay before ·you its pressing thirty-nine characters are made to do need of funds to carry on its work. the work of the 5,000 or 6,000 which This Committee is one of the the most limited reading and writ- ing of Chinese has heretofore re- Standing Committees of the Federa- quired. With the pos3ibilities bound tion of Women's Boards. Its re- up in this new system, when the port for 1918 is included in the an- seven hundred thousand Ch.:_tians nual report of the Federation, which shall each say to his neighbor, may be secured from Miss M. H. "Know the Lord through the pnnted Leavis, West Medford, Mass. page," it is manifestly of the gr:::atest importance that books shall be pre- As a Committee, we have become p2recl for women and young people responsible in 1919 for several im- which shall give them pure Christian pOItant pieces of work, but mnd our- ideals. selves, at this date, with less than The Chinese Christian Literature $500 in our treasury. Council, of which Miss Laura M. May we ask that you will, at the White is a member, has asked the Woman's Committee to provide earliest opportunity, bring to your $1000 gold for this great new en- Executive Committees these requests, terprise. The Committee has guarand urge an immediate and generous anteed this sum. support of this appealing and evergrowing branch of foreign mission- 3. In Japan a new weekly news- paper for women has just been ary work? started under the auspices of the 1. The Committee has promised Christian Literature Society of Japan. Miss Bosanquet (Bo~zan­ $500 annually for the publishing ex- kay) in charge of this department penses of "Happy Childhood," the only Christian magazine for Chinese says: children. Through the generous and self-sacrificing efforts of Mrs. Donald MacGillivray, of Shanghai, the Committee is able to place this little "We shall be very glad if friends will illustrated magazine in the hands of help us to make the 'Ai No Hikari' about four thousand of the children (Light of Love) known and get it into of China, at the nominal cost of the factories and workshops. It will also twenty-five cents gold per year. But be found suitable for home use, for moth- ers' meetings and for farmer and fisher there are millions of children who people."

have no "Happy Childhood," and The Committee has assumed $300 we beg for funds to lengthen the as its yearly gift for this much- list of those who shall be gladdened needed new paper. Ten dollars wilt . by this messenger from Christ's peo- . place it for a year in the hands of ple. one thousand Japanese women, who Z. The story of the new alphabet perhaps have never had a glimpse of for China, endorsed by the Govern- such a life as Mary SJessor's, the 459

story of whose girlhood begins in the to learn the le'ssons of the war. A initial number, February, 1919. dozen new democracies have sprung A new magazine for English into existence over night. The new speaking students in India has been peoples eager for popular govern- already guaranteed under the super- ment, as a rule, are ill prepared for vision of Miss Flora Robinson and its exercise. A vast responsibility her sister Ruth of Isabella Thoburn rests upon missionary boards in the College, Lucknow. We have the first matter of education in democracy, $500 for this. A second will be especially as to the Christian basis needed before January 1, 1920. for democracy. One of the tasks is Other smaller undertakings, all the preparation of the 400,000,000 beneficial and all greatly needed, Chinese for self rule. There is an make a budget of approximately $3,- urgent call for books and trcatis.·'~ 000 to be financed during 1919. This· emanating from America which shall is a very conservative estimate, really deal' with this problem in a popular only a drop in the bucket needed to yet fundamental way.

assuage the thirst of the new Chris- 2. Along with the new political and tians in our mission fields. economic aspirations, there has come We ask therefore that you will re- a heart hunger to the nations. Their spond as soon as possible with a sub- time honored institutions are failing stantial appropriation from your to meet their deeper needs. Their Board for these most appealing ob- religions have not stood the test of jects, and that you will also try to modern conditions. In many lands, secure immediate gifts from inter- notably in China, we see a reaching ested friends, women's clubs, inter- out for the secret of vital Christian- denominational groups and summer ity. Multitudes who have never at- conferences. tended a mission chapel are in a Surely we cannot fail in this bit of mood to read a well written book in world rebuilding, nor refuse to share which the essential truths of our our riches of books and magazines religion are set forth.

with the newly awakened women 3. Synchronizing with this new and young people of lands brought … situation is a rapid increase in the near us by a world-war. reading public. Not in vain have the Please make checks payable to L. mission schools throughout the world V. North, Treasurer, Bradford Acad- been pouring out their thousands of emy, Bradford, Mass. graduates year by year. In countries Christian Literature leaflets and like Japan, the government has seen programs may be obtained from Miss to it that the people generally have M. H. Leavis, West Medford, Mass., been taught to read. In India not for ten cents in stamps. less than a million new literates are Yours in Christian service, being produced by government and ALICE M. KYI,E, Chairman. mission schools every year. Are we L. V; NORTH, Treasurer. to create a thirst for knowledge and MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, then not supply the means for its Central Committee on United Study satisfaction? A particularly encour- of Foreign Missions. aging sign in the Far East is the THE NEXT STEP growing literacy of women. There By CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D. D., are many opportunities now to reach the mothers in tqe homes by means Boston, Mass. of books, magazines, and leaflets.

Four considerations point to the Where this is impossible, Bible wo- ·expansion of the literature movement men and teachers can read good lit- as the next step in missionary strat- erature to eager groups of listeners egy. in the bazaar, the harem, and the 1. The world is awake and eager home.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

4. Back of all these conditions is in the matter of meeting this new de- the ineradii:able respect of the Orien- mand. That attractive little maga- tal for a book. In lands like China, zine for the children of ·China en- Arabia, and Turkey, a book is an titled "Happy Childhood," which has almost sacred object. The common come into being under the stimulus people have a respect for the printed of the Committee on Literature o'

page which finds no parallel in the the Federation of Woman's Boards, western world. The mere fact that is a happy augury of similar ventures a statement is made in prirrted form to be made in behalf of other Lands.

carries great weight with the Orien- It is proposed now that the Woman's tal mind. Boards shall help in the publication It is the consensus of the best mis- of a weekly newspaper for the wo- sionary opinion that the pushing of men of Japan. One of the most en- our literature department is a matter couraging events is the agreement of of the utmost urgency. The situa- the Woman's Literature Committee tion will brook no delay. We are to raise $1000 to cover the item in much farther behind in this line of the Literature budget for women and effort than in any other. In fact children drawn up by the Literature every other department, most of all Council of China.

evangelism, is being held back for Through such ventures as these it lack of adequate literature. is demonstrated that we are working It is also a matter of common con- along right lines in this effort. May sent that by far the larger part of I urge that the Woman's Boards our Christian literature should be should consider most earnestly in- produced on the cooperative basis. creasing their appropriations in order There will always be a demand for to meet the above responsibilities and denominational and board publica- that we may take advantage of the tions, but it is safe to say that fully unprecedented opportunity of our three-quarters of the literary output times?

may be produced more economically In my opinion this is clearly the and effectively through union agen- next step for us to take.

cies.

Fortunately during the years of the HELPING THE CHILDREN war the Boards have been organiz- An Address by ing union literature committees in MRS. DONALD MACGILLIVRAY, Shang- Japan, Korea, China, Moslem Lands, and Latin America. The union or- hai, China ganization exists ready to our hand. In all these areas careful surveys Train up a child in the way he .should have been made so that we are in go and when he i.s old he wilt not depossession of data as a basis for poli- part from it.

And Jeous called a little child unto him and set him in the midst of them.

cies covering the whole range of lit- .In non-Christian lands the value erature. In the surveys special at- and importance of the child has not tention has been paid to the reach- yet been grasped. I fear that even in ing of the women and the children our missionary work we have not put through attractive picture books, the child in the midst. And yet if we story leaflets, magazines, and treatises are to capture these lands for the on domestic economy and the care of King of kings, we must have the chil- children, as well as by means of dren. Judging by the wealth of works dealing with the devotional literature published in America for life and the building of character. children and young people, the child May I express the satisfaction felt specialists must consider it a very by many who are interested in this important part of the child's life.

line of effort over the enterprise and At Christmas time in Toronto I was promptness of the Women's Boards struck as never before by the wealth

of literature prepared for children. the New Testament at least. Let us Several times I stood outside the prepare and distribute books teaching shop windows and gazed, then went the child truth, love, kindness and inside and gazed, and handled. the good-will. Then the world of the beautiful, attractive literature for our future will be safe fo'r democracy. children. Books for the tiny tots, We were told yesterday that a transbooks for young boys and girls, lator occupied a throne of power. books for the young people, who, I fear we have not been very quick to occupy those thrones. Standing with reluctant feet, Where the brook and river meet, For the Chinese child under ten years of age, we have almost no need no such guiding, books of poe- special literature prepared and pubtry, adventure, and travel. Authors, lished by the Christian Church. artists, and publishers all seem to combine to make the path of litera- We have also sadly neglected the ture a flowery one for our children, boy of teen age, with his many deand rightly it should be so. But sires waiting to be guided and inas I gazed and handled, I felt some- spired. what like the Psalmist, "My heart was hot within me; while I was mus- Before leaving China I obtained ing the fire kindled," and I thotlght the following figures from the China Continuation Com mit tee. (You of China and her millions of children, know, in China the "C. C. C." is the authority. We expect them to know of· India and Africa, and of the poor, everything and to tell us the truth, pitiful, little efforts we have made to especially in statistics.) In China supply the needs of childhood in we have one hundred millions of these lands. We have been thinking children under ten years of age, and of the man and forgetting the father another one hundred million under of the man. We have not put the twenty years of age. I have heard it child in the midst. Literature for stated that the population of China men is important, for women even doubles itself in eighty years. Here more so, for children most important. then is the real yellow peril if one exists. We talk much of making the world safe for democracy, whatever that Does it stagger us? It should not. phrase may mean. The boy of today The Good Shepherd said, "Feed My will be the man in ten or fifteen lambs." He also said, "Whatsoever years' time; the girl of today will be ye shall ask the Father in My name the mother in ten or fifteen years' He will give it to you." Surely, that time. It is a difficult task to alter promise is equal to any task. the finished product, especially when that finished product is a man. It is estimated we have 60,000 girls in our mission schools in China, also Why is it the -doors are open in a large number of girls in the Gov- China and other non-Christian lands? ernment schools, and a still larger There are doubtless many reasons, number of boys in mission and nonbut one obvious reason is that these mission schools. We have also 500,- lands are now dotted over with grad- 000 children under religious instrucuates from our mission schools, who tion every Sunday in China. I have are leaders of public opinion. If we hellrd many teachers in China behad paid still more attention to the moan the fact that the young people child and his needs in the past, per- are not acquiring the reading habit. haps there would have been no need Why? – Because they have so little to have discussed how to promote suitable reading matter. We have internationalism. thought much, and rightly so, of es- tablishing mission schools for the We hear of the value of the Bible children, but we have not thought and Christian literature in our work. enough of the desires and longings Let us see that every child in non- Christian lands possess a copy of

that are being born in the child's "Tell me who i~ this Jesus of wnom mind as he or she passes through the this paper speaks so often." Then, schools. like Philip, the apostle of old, she sat Thanks to the Committee on Chris- down and preached unto her Jesus. tian Literature for Women and Another official in Peking, ordering Children, wt: have a children's maga- the magazine for his family, wrote: zine in China. it had its birth dur- "The paper is a light for the children ing the war, but has nevertheless of China." reached a subscription list of 4,000 copies per month. When we think of We want to enlarge this magazine the number of children in China, we so as to meet the wide opportunities feel like exclaiming, "What is that awaiting it, and we also need help in among so many ?" We believe, how- distributing it. The extreme poverty ever, that each magazine has large of the people makes it difficult often audiences. It goes into all denomina- for them to buy it. If the children tions, to all parts of China; also it cannot afford to buy it we ought to finds its way into Burma, the Malay give it to them. States, and to Chinese in Canada and America. Let me quote from one or Yes, we need more literature for two letters from missionaries. From the Chinese child, and the Indian Kiangyin :' "I find it a valuable paper child, and the Korean child. We need to put "the child in the midst" for the young people"; from. Man- -realize his value as did the Savchuria, "We all enjoy the magazine iour-study his needs and then supimmensely, it supplies a long-felt ply them. We dare not put the chil~ want. All of us who work among dren into our mission schools, make the children are specially 'grateful"; them hungry, and then leave them. from Shanghai, "Not only to scholars in day and Sunday school does it A Chinese young woman, writing come as a delight and a much-coveted to me some weeks ago, sai~: possession, but also to the pastors and teachers and church members-all Our young people la,ck high ideals and love the paper." large visions. If they possess high ideals and large visions they will be more use- Reading broadens the outlook, en- ful to society and far more beneficial to lists the sympathy of the Eastern future generations. We want books for child, as it does that of our own chil- our young women, books for our children, dren. picture books for our little ones.

We also have a competition page Do you know how many picture in our magazine, in which the chil- books we have published by the misdren take great delight. A Band of sion presses in China for the little Kindness pledge has also proved very ones? I know of just one-not very popUlar, and many hundreds of Chi- attractive-but it has had a large nese children have signed this pledge sale-lOO,OOO,OOO children and one from all over China. Letters to the picture book! The mothers and editor from the children are often teachers in China do not need to received, showing the real interest the spend much time in turning over children take. I need hardly say that books trying to decide' which book books are one of the most valuable they will buy. I claim that books are evangelistic agents we have on the necessary for our children in nonmission field. A lady missionary was Christian lands, also that we have not visiting and teaching in the home of put this subject in the place it dethe late Yuan Shi Kai. She left a serves. We need more books, we copy of the children's magazine with need help for distributing the books. the ladies several times on her visits. One day one of the young wives of I plead for the child in China, in the palace called her aside and said: India, in Africa, in Korea, in Japan, that in our budgets, our confer- ences, our plans, we may place the child where the Saviour did-"in the midst."

fROM l1rANY

AFRICA countless government bulletins on New Ideals in Barot8e-Dand "Care of Infants," laws regulating child labor, etc. With all these helps BAROTSE-LAND Mission, Rho- infantile paralysis and other chil- . desia, under the care of the Paris dren's dise<rses are still a menace. Evangelical Society, has been se- In Egypt, however, a land of intense verely tested during the four and a heat, fiies, filth and ignorance, it is half years of war. No contributions small vronder that all manner of reached it from Belgium, Alsace or children's ailments are prevalent. Northern France, and nineteen work- , Mothers need to be taught that yearers were lost to the staff, either old babies cannot thrive on waterthrough illness, death or the call to melon and cucumbers. Eye diseases military service. Notwithstanding are common because of infected dust, these handicaps, ten new out-stations, so that few, even of the well-cared with schools, have been organized. for American babies escape entirely. The social and moral level of the If the appalling death rate among locality has risen very perceptibly. Egyptian babies is to be checked, The native chiefs have mapped out there must be a campaign of educaprogrammes of reform in marriage, tion for Egyptian mothers. This is education and temperance, and while one reason why the Nile Mission not always carried out by their pro- Press is starting a magazine for moters, the plans mark a new level Egyptian mothers. of aspiration. At a recent baptismal service the king addressed the people Communion Sunday in Elat A in an admirable manner, reminding LTHOUGH seven churches have grown out of the original church them that their task was not completed because they had been bap- at Elat, West Africa, the membertized, but that it was only begun, for ship of the present church is still temptations would assail them. over 4,000. The communion service Scriptures lor Africa is so large as to be almost unwieldy. Rev. W. C. Johnstone reports that THE British and Foreign Bible So- at the last communion service he ciety has published some part of baptized fifty-five babies and 225 the Scriptures in one hundred and adults. More than 300 were ex- thirty-seven African languages. These amined for membership. This is include the complete Bible in twenty- "just an average service in Elat!

two languages, and the complete New Testament in thirty-one more lan- Orume, an African Convert P guages. In the continent as a whole ERHAPS this little African boy understood as much theology as about eight hundred recognized languages are spoken, according to the Samuel did when he prayed the estimate of W. J. W. Roome, secre- prayer that influenced all his after tary of the Society for British East life: "Speak, Lord, for Thy servant Africa. heareth."

Orume, seven years old, is the son of an African chief, and was given Chnd Welfare Work for Egypt AMERICA has many forms of by his father to a missionary as a child welfare work, including present. He has been the subject of visiting nurses for the city slums, much prayer and training. Small bureaus of instruction for mothers, wonder then that he has made prog- laws guarding against infected milk, ress. One day he sought out the 464

19191 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

missionary's wife to tell her that he walked 400 miles, bearing letters wished to follow Jesus. "What is from Dr. Moffat, and asked to be following Jesus?" "Doing only what put to work for Christ. Mr. Bailey pleases Him," said Orume. "But was obliged to tell them there was suppose you find it hard sometimes, no money for their support, but afwhat then?" "The Holy Spirit will ter praying over the matter, he sughelp me let sin alone," was the reply. gested that they go to three diff",rent "Do you know what sin is, Orume?" localities where chiefs had asked for "Oh, yes, doing things that make the teachers and promised to provide Lord's heart sore." them with food. Bravely they went. In 1916 Mr. Bailey completell the Orume's influence promises to be translation of the Gospel of John, very great as he grows up. which the Mbunda, Nkangala and Yauma can all understand. Casting in her All Six hundred miles stretch between AN old black heathen w:oman lay this lonely worker and the Atlantic in a hut so filthy that when the Coast of Africa, and not a missionmissionary went to see her she could ary in that distance. The American scarcely believe it contained a human Board station at Bihe is four hunbeing. The doorway was so low a dred miles northwest and other misdog could not enter without having sions are a two weeks' journey to the his back scraped. She was ill in south and east. body, but more ill in soul. "I asked you to come," she said, "because NORTH AMERICA your God answers prayer." After a few visits from the missionary and A Programme of Americanization the evangelist, light began to break, the Light that gives Life. She be- AN Inter-Racial Council has been came a new creature in spirit, though formed for the welfare of immirapidly nearing the close of her grants coming to our shores. Three earthly life. The last visit found her lines of work will be undertaken: fumbling with the filthy rag wound education in the English language about her head, fI:.om which she and the ideals and principles of finally extracted a shilling, and hand- America; industrial co-operation by ing it to the evangelist she said: "Go which the immigrant will be made to and give that to the missionary and feel at home and will be brought on tell him it is a thank-offering for the better terms with his employer; varjoy of salvation." ious groups will be brought into association with each other so that Angola and the South Africa General race jealousies may be lessened and devotion to America take its place i,1 Mission every life.

I N 1853, Livingstone passed through United Presbyterian. Portuguese West Africa; thirtyone years later F. S. Arnot passed Russian Orthodox Church Reorganized through and promised to send a missionary. Twenty-eight years after BEFORE the Revolution in Russia, that (in 1912) Rev. A. W. Bailey, the Russian Orthodox churches of the South Africa General Mission, in the United States were under the visited the Luchase country and direct control of the central authority found it still untouched with the in Petrograd. Since the Revolution Gospel. In July, 1914, he began the it has been a serious question just building of a small stick-and-c1ay what the Russian churches here were house of worship, and for the past to do. A solution of the problem five years has taught the Gospel in was reached Feb. 28 in a meeting that heathen center. In 1915 three in Cleveland, Ohio, of the representanative Christian men and their wives tives of more than two hundred Rlls- sian parishes who united to form an

organization under the above title. It the city, were sufficient to furnish was participated in by representatives twenty grains of these drugs daily of the Roumanian, Bulgarian, Alban- to 2,000 persons. Figuring the norian, Serbian and Syrian peoples whQ mal medicinal dose at one-sixth to are in communion with the Rus- one-fourth grain daily, the commissian branch of the Greek Orthodox sioner estimated that these sales Church. would supply 40,000 persons had it been administered medicinally, which Almosl all these churches are would seem to indicate that a large located in great industrial centers, proportion of the sales in the thirtyand exert an immeasurable influence three stores mentioned was m~. de to over a large portion of our foreign addicts. The New York City Compopulation. missioner of Correction, Dr. fames A. Hamilton, emphasizes the fact Congregationalist and Advance. that the drug habit is not confined to the poor, but extends to all strata A Jewish MissIon (Jonference of society. "It is an increasing men- ace to society," says Dr. Hamilton, THE Chicago Hebrew Mission has "and if allowed to continue un- arranged to hold its Annual checked, will ruin not only the in- Conference on behalf of Israel, al dividual but the nation as well." the Moody Bible Institute, Chicago May 20th to 23rd inclusive. Friend~ The Lutheran "Inner Missions" of Israel, who discern the signs oj the times, are asked to pray that THE Lutheran Church in America this Conference may be greatly is large. and powerful. Most blessed of God. For further infor- Christian people know more of their mation write Supt. 'Norman H. foreign work than of the work in the Camp, 1505 So. Sawyer Ave., Chi- United States. The term "Inner cago, Ill. Missions" is not generally familiar to those of other denominations. During January and February, the The idea of "inner missions" is to Chicago Hebrew Mission has con- re-establish the primitive ideal of ducted a systematic house to house Christianity, so that loving service distribution of tracts in three large to a needy will becomes the manifest Jewish districts of Chicago. One sign, wherever there is a Christian. tract in' English and one in Yid- The ideal is to have the entire memdish were left in each home, and bership of the Church in active servduring the two months a total of 86,- ice. 526 tracts were given out, in this way evangelizing approximately 200,000 The aim is to bring all men to people. The workers are now re-vis- Christ and the primary method is by iting this same territory with Bibles, the direct personal work of each Testaments and Gospels. Christian in ministering to the physi- cal, mental and spirituaJ needs of all Increase in Sale of Habit-Forming who are in want. The secondary method is by institutions to care for Drugs the homeless, the sick, the aged, the orphaned, and the needy of all THE Health Commissioner of New classes, and for the special training York City has been gathering of those engaged in such work. The information as to drug addicts, and care of the mind and body are subreports that in the month of Janu- ordinated to the care of the soul. ary last more cocaine was sold to And so the "Inner Mission" ,differs wholesalers in New York City than from Social Service. in all of 1918, and the February demand was so great that manufac- Lutheran home missions are conturers had to restrict their sales. ducted under a separate Board that The legal sales of morphine, cocaine and heroin in December, in thirtythree of the 2,600 drug stores in

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has for the immediate and ultimate years ago, "consists of about one aim the establishment of self-sup- hundred citizens who are actively porting churches, The Inner Mis- interested in the promotion of sion endeavor is a helper to the home moral and religious education in the missionary enterprise in compassing city of Malden." this aim. The school is interdenominational, The Inner Mission institutions of and by means of the hearty cooperthe Lutheran Ghurch comprise 64 ation of local talent with some of orphan's homes, 48 homes for the the faculty of Boston University a aged, 7 homes for defectives, 9 comprehensive curriculum has been deaconness' mother-houses, 50 hos- submitted for the following year, conpitals, 14 hospices, 9 immigrant and sisting of sixteen courses in all, dealseamen's missions, 11 miscellaNeous ing with Biblical, pedagogical, and institutions, and 13 Inner Mission social-service topics. The expenses societies and city missions; making are provided by far-sighted citizens, a total of 225 institutions and mis- and a small tuition fee of two dolsions with property worth over $14,- lars a semester. The. effectiveness 000,000, and an. endowment of nearly of this plan depends on the courses $2,000,000. During the past year and the teachers. There is danger about 100,000 persons were cared for that the teaching may omit the vital in these institutions. Christian truth.

ASoul TImber in United States Forests Fighting MormoniSlD on its own Ground N interesting proposition has re- cently come before the Presby- A RECENT issue of the Rsvn;:w terian Board of Home Missions. mentioned the dedication of the It is the proposal that" there should first Mormon church building to be be sent at least fifty industrial chap- erected in Brooklyn, New York, lains for the lumbermen of the one of the 335 propaganda centers Northwest. These chaplains would of the Latter Day Saints scattered have the same function in the in- over the country. Neutralizing dustrial army that the regular army agencies are not lacking, and one of chaplains have. They could be the these is the Utah Gospel Mission, connecting link between employer and employee, having access equally carried on by Rev. J. D. Nutting, to both, deal with all problems affecting the welfare of the men and, who resembles Mormon preachers in of course, be directly charged with so far as he accepts no salary. their religious oversight. In Washington, Oregon and Idaho at least Mr. Nutting proceeds on the theory 150,000 lumbermen are at work, and that only a traveling mission can probably 600,000 in the United reach the people of the outlying re- States as a whole. The missionary gions, and the work is therefore carproblem in this field calls for states- ried on by field missionaries who manship and thorough-going meas- cover the country in wagons not unures. like the old-time "prairie schooners." Evangelistic meetings are held in Organized Religious Education every settlement, ~upplemented. by personal visits to each home, where AN interesting community scheme the aim is to stimulate the daily use seems to have passed the experi- of the Bible, a copy of which is supmental stage, and bids fair to be fol- plied by the missionary. Through lowed elsewhere. The Malden personal interviews of this sort and (Massachusetts) Council of Reli- by means of anti-Mormon literature, gious Education, organized three the mission combats the Mormon propaganda in its own territory. In a single year no less than 14,000 calls

are made, 194 meetings held and "The Society of Independent Douk- 4,000 Bibles distributed. hobors, having learned of the mag- nificent and most praiseworthy re- Congregationalist and Advance. lief work conducted in Russia by the Society of Friends through your Negro Citizens In America Committee, does hereby with due humility enclose the sum of $1,264.50 FIFTY years ago only five per cent as a token of its appreciation of the of the Negroes could read and efforts of, and its willingness to co- operate with, this Society." write. Today seventy per cent are literate. Fifty years ago there were LATIN AMEIUCA but four colleges that admitted Ne- groes. Today there are 500 higher Cooperation In Seminaries institutions of learning in which the Negro is welcomed. Twenty millions UNION Theological Seminaries of dollars are invested in these are in prospect for Cuba, Porto schools, and an annual expenditure Rico, Chile and Brazil. Such a sem- of $13,600,000 is made for their up- inary is already in operation in keep and maintenance. Of this Mexico. The lack of a sufficient amount the Negroes raise $1,500,000. number of students in anyone de- Fifty years ago there were no public nomination to support a seminary, as schools for Negro children. Today well as the inability of any denomina- there are 1,750,000 colored boys and tion to supply enough teachers for girls in the public schools. Fifty a faculty, make the union seminary years ago there were 550 Negro the most practical and obvious form churches with about 55,000 com- of interdenominational cooperation. municants and church property to The one being organized in Brazil is the value of approximately $1,000,- to be maintained by Presbyterians, 000. Today there are 40,000 both North and South; Congrega- churches, with more than 4,000,000 tionalists, and Methodists. communicants, and with property valued at about $70,000,000. These Central America is also to exper- churches are raising annually about ience the results of cooperation. $200,000 for home missions and Methodists, Baptists and Presbyter- more than $100,000 for foreign mis- ians have divided the responsibility sions. for the six republics, including Pan- ama. Home Mission schools have been the key to this upward progress. Porto lUc~-a Mission Laboratory Sunday School Times. THE United States Government and missionaries have been at Doukhobor Help for Russia work in Porto Rico twenty years, THE Doukhobors in Canada have and great things have been accom- plished. " furnished an example of Christian good will at work, which is Everywhere schools have sprung worthy of notice. They have offered up, and they now have nearly 200,- to give large tracts of their land to 000 pupils. Both Spanish and Eng- returned soldiers, who are unable to lish are used in these schools. Many find work in cities; and in many cases of the pupils have already become the women' have volunteered to work teachers or have entered important in the fields in order to make up the professional work. Porto Ricans loss in the family income through have attained self-government, and this turning over the land. The the first vote taken was on prohibi- Doukhobors, being a non-resistant tion. They proved their far-seeing sect, have been interested in the work wisdom by giving an overwhelming of the Friends Service Committee, majority in favor of the measure. and have sent the following letter to the Russian section of the Committee: Best of all, the United States has

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established freedom of religion. five different schools sent represent- Protestantism has already gained atives. Rev. George P. Howard, 15,000 members, representing a very Field Secretary for South America, large number of families, and exert- writes of Sunday-school equipment ing an influence disproportionately as follows: great. Medical missions, Christian "I found that there were no prop- education, and evangelism have gone erly organized kindergartJ!11 classes hand in hand. in any of the Sao Paulo Sunday- The American MissiotUlry. schools.. In none of their schools had they ever used a sand table, so I Pagan Argentina made up my mind that they would REV. J. L. HART, missionary to have a demonstration of how it was Argentina, was one day talking done. We got a table and sand, also a with some cultured women about the class of little children, and in one of Bible. "Oh," said one, "I once had the Presbyterian churches we had a that Book. It is of the devil for it kindergarten institute. There and then made my husband's horse run away, ten different Sunday-schools gave me throwing him out of the buggy and orders for the Beginners' Spanish nearly killing hiin. I at once burned Graded lessons which we have been producing in provisional form in Arit."- "Well," said Mr. Hart, "that is gentina. Naturally, in Brazil they very interesting. How did it hap- need this material in Portuguese, but rather than wait until they were pub~ pen?" In reply she said, "The day after lished in their own language they the accident I went to confession preferred to begin immediately, workand on telling the priest what had ing out the lessons from the Spanish happened he asked me if I had not text."

bought a book called the Bible from a man who had been going from War's Effect on Ch:Ilean Missions T house to house selling them a few HE Chile mission of the Presby- terian Church, U. S. A., has four days before. I told him that I had. He said the book caused the acci- principal stations-at Santiago, Val- 'paraiso, Taltal and Concepcion. The dent and advised me to burn it." A man bought a Bible while sick working force consists of twentyin the hospital. I went to see him three American missionaries, men and was trying to explain what the and women; and sixty helpers, com- Book was. A nun came along and prising ordained Chileans, teachers, on seeing the Bible flew into a rage Bible women, etc. In the sixteen and cried out, "Don't read that here- organized churches and thirty-five tical book. It speaks against the preaching places there is a -communiholy virgin." Said Mr. Hart, "You cant membership of 1,023. Sundayare quite mistaken." Opening the school pupils riumber 2,637, and the. Bible at the first chapter of Luke he pupils in day-schools of all gradeSc asked her to read. She did so, and are 1,083.

with some embarrassment, said, "Oh, This thriving mission feels keenly I thought it was the Protestant the changed financial conditions due- Bible." Then turning to him who had to the war. The .Chilean peso, for- bought the Book she said, "It is all merly worth sixteen cents, American right, you may read it." gold, is now worth thirty-six cents; Home and Foreign Fields. but the man who formerly received'

1,100 pesos as his monthly wage, now Sunday Schools in Brazil receives 450. At the same time prices THE Sunday School Association have not decreased, but have re- of Brazil held its annual conven- mained the same for local products,. tionat Sao Paulo, to which thirty- while the prices of all imported ar..,

tides has mcreased 25, 50, 100 and until, at last, the pureness of it, his even 200 per cent. bearing as a citizen and a father, and the heartiness with which he con- Many of the congregations for ducted family worship, ended by imlack of money cannot dress as de- pressing upon me that 1 ought to conceRtiy as formerly, and have ceased fess the Chtistian faith. This 1 ::tid to appear at the services. The poor- one night before all the family, in the est Chilean boy could not be per- midst of thanksgiving to God. suaded to come to the Sunday-school bare-foot, nor a girl who could Rot "Only the evangelical religion has muster what she considered a fitting power enougb. to inspire men with a headdress for her station. Some are love for work, a life of faith, acts of sufficiently sensible to come bare- honor, fufilment of duty, respect for headed, but they are few. laws and, alilove all, with the virtue of sacrificing self for an ideal, a The New Era. virtue so much needed in Peru."

A WIde Open Door South America.

THE administration of the Uni- EllROPE versity of Montevideo, Uruguay, the leading University of South All American Opportunity in Eur6pe America,is reported to have issued a decree making Bible study part of the I N the French Colonies there are regular curriculum. Senor Vigil, di- 50,000,000 inhabitants who are still rector of a review with a weekly wa,iting for the Gospel. And in circulation of 100,000, frequently France alone there are 20,000,000 to urges the public to buy Gospels or 25,000,000 people who are not affili- New Testaments. ated with a,ny church, but, after four years of war, are open-minded and Conversion or a Peruvian responsive to religilm.

THE following extracts are taken The door is wide open.but as the from the story of a Peruvian's Protestant missionary societies of conversion to eVaFlgelical Christianity: Great Britain and America are not in a position to occupy these fields, the "Having been cradled in the Ro- work can be done most effectively man tatholic faith, which is man's through French societies. religion and not Christ's, .1 was in the nature of things enshrouded in During the war the French misthe darkness of fanaticism, indiffer- sionary societies were sustained by ent to the most important, practically special gifts, Itut their financial conan atheist; for no one believes less in dition is now so seriously crippled God than the Roman Catholic. that the work cannot be carried on without outside support. To meet "One day, by chance, 1 heard a this need, there has been formed an Gospel sermon,. in Echaurren Square, international and interdenominational itt Valparaiso, preached in such a Committee for Christian Relief in manner and upon such real, living France and Belgium," with headquartopics, that 1 was deeply stirred. ters at 289 Fourth Avenue, New Later I went to the town of Ayaviri, York, which is supporting and cowhere 1 met a Christian of the most operating with every Protestant orkmdly simplicity of character, and ganization in France and Belgium. soon became persuaded that one does The director is Mr. George O. Tamnot always find the truth he is in blyn, the treasurer, Mr. Alfred R. search of in heated debates, but often Kimball. Mr. Charles S. Ward, of in the gentle form of a sincere con- the Red Cross, United War Work versation. So it was our talks usually and other national fund campaigns is turned to religion, but more than all advisor. else, Senor Sartagena's life at close sight was a constant sermon to me, The Committee has mapped out a program of work that prevents over-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

lapping or duplicating the efforts of the laundries of Madrid. Women other bodies in the work of rehabili- bring their household washing to tation and reconstructi@n. Protestant these places on Sundays as on other churches in the devastated areas must days. While they work, the evan- be rebuilt, congregations reassembled gelists read and explain to them such and temporarily succored, pastors parables as that of the Prodigal Son.

must be supported for a time, homes, The women have been so interested orphanages and asylums must be con- and delighted with their religious in- structed, and both home and foreign struction that they have attempted missions must be supported and to give money to the evangelists.

strengthened. Chaplain Daniel Couve which of course has been refused.

has pointed out that the industrial "No one ever told us such good news fJopulations of Northern France have before," they say. .

been exceedingly responsive to evan- Record of Christian Wark.

gelical efforts among them, and that the present offers a rare opportunity. The MiiUer Orphanages at Brfstol After a careful survey the Com- I N spite of the war, the work mittee announces that $3,000,000 is founded by the late George Miilneeded to accomplish tkis great work, ler of Bristol, England, 82 years and a campaign to raise this sum has ago, has been even more generously been started among the Protestant supported than in past years. It is churches of the United States. As a "faith work" for whick no dipart of the money-raising campaign, rect appeals are made. Last year there were 2,000 orphans cared for Sunday, June 1, has been named Me- in the Ashley Down Homes, rangmorial Day for France and Belgium ing from four to sixteen years of in the Protestant churches of this age, and the total amount received country, and appeals have gone forth to pastors to take special collections for all the work was £17,000 or for the cr' ie. nearly £3,000 more than the previous year. The Homes are conducted on Another Door of Opportunity a non-sectarian but a strictly Chris- A DELEGATION of Georgians. tian basis. No children of legitimate which went to Paris to present birth, mentally sound, in destitute their claims for recognition and pro- circumstances and bereft of both tection at the hands of the Peace parents, are refused admission. Conference, heard of Dr. James L. In addition to the orphanages Barton's presence in the city' and there are conducted Bible, tract and sought an interview with him to ask missionary enterprises at home and that missionary work be undertaken. abroad. All of the work has been in their country. The Georgians in- richly blessed under the direction of habit the country east of the Black Wm. M. Bergin the director. The Sea and have their capital at Tiflis. faithfulness of God has been abun- They number about three million dantly manifested. and are nominally Christian, but in reality, wild, superstitious, half pagan. Protestants in Alsace-Lorrafne Their spokesmen in Paris were DR. RUBEN SAILLENS says deeply in earnest, saying they had that Alsace-Lorraine will bring watched American missionary effort over to France a Protestant populain Turkey and Armenia, and would tion of about 500,000 people-pracdo all in their power to facilitate such tically as many as there are now work among their own people. in France. This means, as Dr: Sail- The "Good News" for Spanish Women lens adds, that there will in all prob- TWO Spanish evangelists have ability soon be open doors for a been teaching and preaching in French evangelist in that country.

MOSLEM LANDS grounds have been occupied by the Turks as a military hospital and Tnrkish Governor Hung for Armenian orphanage; student income has been reduced to nothing; eight of the Massacres teachers, all Armenians, were killed and three more are dead, while four- 17EMAL BEY, governor of Diar-. teen others have been in military :… bker, has been publicly hanged service. The endowment of $130,- in Stamboul, as one of those re- 000 is still intact, and there is every sponsible for Armenian deportations reason to expect a large attendance and massacres in the Yozghad dis- of students, Armenians, Greeks and trict. The trial by the Turks of Russians, as soon as the buildings those responsible for Armenian mas- can be made ready to receive them. sacres was begun in February at Constantinople. Kemal Bey was former Turkish Minister of Food.

Relief In the Oancasus The Old Order Ohanglng REV. WALTER N. JAMES, a SAID an old Mohammedan Sheikh member of the American Com- not long ago to the head of a mittee for Relief in the Near East, mission school for girls in Alexan- has sent the following report from dria: "We do not wish to have our Erivan: dau~hters stay in school very lang." A young Egyptian lad, who over- "I am surprised to find so many heard, quickly rejoined: "No, that is Armenians here south of the Cau- past. Our country can never be casus Mountains. The race is very great until our women are educated." far from becoming extinct and we Contact with western nations and find them here in all conditions. missionary homes has given many a They range f rom the Turkish sub- young Mohammedan a new ideal of ject, bearing the marks of that civili- companionship which only an eduzation,· to the Russianized Armenian cated wife can satisfy. Many Perwho snaps his finger at the Sultan. sian mothers of today speak of their daughters with pride, and are keenly "The refugees are in sorry plight, interested in their progress. The but their condition is mitigated 100 Moslem ladies of India are so much per cent by the efforts of the com- in earnest in their desire for admittee. .There are 3,000 people em- vancement that 400 of their leaders ployed by the Americans, not to met in Lahore last year to discuslS speak of the 16,000 orphans reached, their problems. Even among nonbesides others helped by direct char- Christians, the elements of Chrisity. Wool and cotton are bought tianity are manifesting their influand every process from the sheep's ence. back and field to the finished garment is carried on· by the refugees; France and Her Moslem Subjects carding, spinning, dyeing, weaving, tailoring, until clothi1}g is provided A STRIKING development of refor all and occupation for thousands cent times is seen in the in·· who would otherwise be beggars. creased intelligence and sympathy on Longfellow's 'Evangeline' is not one- the part of the French colonial adhundredth part sad ~nough to de- ministration in Africa. Governor scribe what one sees and feels each General Panty, who fell in the war, day. The great consolation is that created a tradition of keeping the so many are being helped." administrative authority in close touch with the people, giving each United Presbyterian. race its rightful opportunity of devel- opment. He was insistent upon AnatoUa OoUege after the War not allowing Moslem chiefs authority to Moslemize their pagan subjects. AN ATOLIA College, Mimovan, Turkey, is war-wrecked for the time being. All the buildings and

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

During his' governorship he abol- James M. Taylor in British Baluch- ished cannibalism, ritual murder, le- istan, the brother of the Khan of gal suicide, and that deep-rooted Ke1at, the largest native state in Moslem institution, domestic slavery. Baluchistan, sat near the speaker.

These reforms were not merely car- Next to him was one of the wealthi- ried through with characteristic force est wholesale merchants. Other men and efficiency, but they were effected of position and culture were present.

with the most scrupulous considera- The message so took hold of them tion for Af'rican prejudices and that they secured the largest hall in ideals. The impartial distribution of Quetta for Dr. Taylor's next meet- war allowances in Algeria has also ing. One Khan was so impressed done much to consolidate native loy- that he invited the speaker to come alty. The knowledge that the Mo- to his khanate and bring a mission- hammedan wife and widow receives ary with him for permanent work, her allowances on exactly the same offering to give of his means to for- terms as the Frenchwoman has done ward the mission. All this is the much to increase self-respect and more remarkable in that these people intensify the consciousness of suf- are bigoted Mohammedans. Noth- fering for a common cause. ing' of this sort has ever happened before in Baluchistan.

INDIA Record of Christian Work.

Christian Ethics of Non-Christians MANY in India, even though they Salvationists In India are not ready to accept Christ as Master, are ready to acknowledge THE Salvation Army in India had, His ethics as the only hope of social in 1909, 100 European workers salvation. The Indian Social Reform and 2,000 native missionaries in some Advocate, though making no profes- 2,000 villages. In 1918, the number sion of Christianity, had this to say had risen to 280 Europeans and 3,236 Indians at work in 3,059 centers. in a recent article: The Army has imported silkworm "Christ won for humanity by His eggs from China which have given life and His death a deathless ideal- good results in various parts of India. ism combined with mysticism, which has issued in real and practical ac- Its agents have visited some of the tivities in the world of men, transforming it . . . the· very opposite principal silk centers in China, Japan, of the world principle of domination Korea, Manchuria and French Tonof men by men, of exploitation of the quin, and from their investigations weak by the s.trong. . . . It is the are convinced that India could easily disregard of the principles of love become one of the great silk-produc- ing countries of the world. They are working towards a rehabilitation and truth in Christ that has turned of two of India's greatest cottage the world to-day into a huge slaugh- industries,-silk growing and weavter-house. And. . . in the inter- ing. course between man and man, and class and class, and nation and nation Christian Journalism in Western India M it will be the application of the prin- ORE and more, India is be- coming a reading country. Newsciples of Christ which alone can save, help, and advance mankind, and papers have mUltiplied during the bring peace where there is strife, and war, and a broadening interest in life and joy where there are death world affairs has developed among ana s.orrow." all classes. Probably there is no more influential missionary instru- ANew Order in Baluchistan mentality in Western India than the AT the first of a series of evan- Christian newspaper, Dnyanodaya, gelistic meetings held by Dr. which means "Dawn of Knowledge."

It was founded 77 years ago by nearly 1,400 boys on its roll. Rev. American Board missionaries, and al- C. E. Tyndale-Biscoe is the enterthough many other such· journals prising and original head of the have been started and passed into School. His one aim is to train his oblivion, this one has continued and boys to become strong, courageous enlarged its service. The paper has and healthy in body and soul, and it two pages in English and six in was from his observations of. the Marathi, the latter edited by Mr. N. working of this .High School that. Tilak, an eminent patriot and man of General Baden Powell derived his literary attainment. The paper has idea of the Boy Scouts. Last year just entered upon a new career, and both staff and pupils distinguished from January, 1919, five missions, themselves in social service, even prerepresenting four denominations- venting a local food famine, which English, Scotch and American-will profiteering bakers attempted to enunite in its support and control. gineer.

Christianity in a Hindu Setting Most Indian boys are averse to athl~tics, and seldom learn to swim NOT long before his death Mr. except under compulsion. Accord- Howard A. Walter had a long ingly, extra fees are charged to nontalk with a leading Indian Christian, swimmers. Another odd difference one who, more than. most Indian in Indian boys is revealed in one of Christians, is in touch with Moslem the School regulations: "In order to and Hindu leaders, political and stop early marriages, we charge otherwise. This man said he was double fees to every boy who marries constantly surprised to learn how before the age of eighteen." many of these men are admitting that the future of India, religiously, can- The School Crest consists of two not lie with the ancient Vedas, nor paddles, one heart shaped to symbolwith any phase or school of Hindu- ize kindness, the other strength; and ism; but that the one Figure in the crossed to signify· the sacrifice of religious world Who can possibly Him who taught self-sacrifice. serve as a unifying, uplifting, progressive, inspiring· force, around Bible Society Record. Whom all creeds and races can ultimately gather, is Jesus Christ. CHINA One of the men to whom this The Way Open in Tibet Indian Christian probably referredthe editor of The Indian Social Re- THE last obstacle in the way of former-told Mr. Walter that he and missionary entrance t6 Tibet has others of his friends read the New been removed. Officials are inviting Testament every day. He asserted missionaries to come, and the others his belief that the best in all religions put no hindrance in the way. It is to be found in the Christian faith is without doubt the most difficult which, he said, he and his friends field in the world. There will be must interpret in the light of Hindu months and years of unending study rather than of Jewish metaphysic; of an intricate language. There will and he volunteered the suggestion be the cold indifference of centuries that possibly India may evolve a new of passive Buddhism. There will be type of Christianity, possessing an the imbedded suspicion of all for- Oriental character. eigners. There will be the blighting influence of hundreds and thousands Boy SooufB in the Panjab of Buddhist priests. There will be the very instincts of the people them- THE C. M. S. High School at selves for religion, but a religion Srinagar, the capital of Kashmir, without a moral uplift and entirely is a remarkable institution, with without the idea of a divine Saviour. Tibet is a belated nation, without a railroad, without street cars or

NEWS FRO,M MANY LANDS 4~5

electricity, so far as is known even man. His name shall be fubliShed in the without an automobile. Mo good newspapers so that he wi! not be able to roads, no modern cities. Not a find employment elsewhere. church, nor a sCRool, nor a hospital except at Batang on the eastern bor- 3. If a wealthy man be discovered dealder. Everything that stands for ing in opium his name shall be given to progress is yet to be done in Tibet. the elder of his family with the request To those who go, there will be no that he be cast out from the family (one romance, but if they have faith and of the greatest of disgraces) and he shall, vision they can look forward to see- without mercy, be opposed by all as an ing within the next quarter of a cen- alien. tury a host of Christian churches, scattered throughout that land. 4. Landlords shall not rent their houses to opium dealers. If they do they will be Amurlcan "Cnrlos" dealt with as if they were opium dealers themselves. A TABLE set for dinner or a 5. If damage is done to opium dealers , baby's bed and bath scarcely seem and their properties the Chambers of Comlike keys .to the Gospel story, yet merce ,shall refuse to grant compensation. such things prove an effective means of reaching the hearts and minds of More about the Brewer. In ChIna Chinese women. All sorts of foreign articles are used in some mission THE International Reform Bureau station "exhibits," the Chinese wo- has received protests from pracman's native curiosity being made use tically all American mission stations of to bring her within sound of the in China, signed by missionaries and Gospel. native workeJ;s, asking that our De- partment of State proclaim a ruling As the women come in they are that no American shall make or sell welcomed with friendliness and cour- beer in China after national prohibitesy, little addresses are given as they tion goes into effect in the United rest, setting forth the gospel in the States. Through lectures and literasimplest way, the foreign curiosities ture, extensive efforts are also being are explained, invitations to Chris- made to arouse the provinces of tian worship are given out. So con- China, first to prohibit the erection tact is established, and a hope of fu- of breweries and distilleries; and ture opportunities of teaching. second to prohibit the making and selling of all intoxicants. Death to the Opium Syndicate A Valuable Donkey THE Chinese miRd has a direct- ness which merits emulation. In SOME years ago a ClIinese farmer order to insure discouragement of was confronted with the difficult any attempt to reopen the traffic in l'roblem of securing a donkey withopium, so ruggedly dealt with by out any funds. He had a number of the recent burning episode in Shang- children, but no money, and without hai, the following measures were de- the donkey's assistance in cultivating termined upon in the four provinces his bit of land, he could not feed his of Kiangsu, Kiangsi, Chekiang and children. After much seriousthought Hupeb, where it was proposed to re- he concluded that a donkey would commence the sale of opium: serve his purpose more effectively than anyone of his children; and 1. If the opium dealer be a shopkeeper therefore sold a son as a means of all the banks and money shops shall re- 'supporting the others. Not long fuse to have anything to do with him in afterward the son was rescued from money matters so that he will have to a life of slavery and placed in a misclose his shop for lack of funds and sionary institution, and quite recently banking iJacilities. a visiting missionary was addressing the student body of a large Chinese Z. If an employee of a shop deals in school through an interpreter. The opium the shopkeeper shall dismiss the accuracy and alertness of this inter- preter won the admiration of the

speaker and he inquired into the better foundation in Bible training- young man's history. He was none is invariably the result.

other than the boy who had been ex- changed for a donkey, grown into A Study in Church-Going T manhood and beginning a career of OO many American husbands. have to be coaxed by their wives usefulness in his community.

into church attendance, but here is a A Long Wait case where a wife could not drag her "RULLO! I have been waiting husband out of church. The incident twenty years to hear this," said is related by a missionary at Nanking, an old grey-bearded Chinaman to a China. For six years a Christian colporteur in Honan. convert in Gu Yung labored with his "Twenty years ago I bought this three brothers, all gamblers and idol- book," said he, pulling a well-worn ators. 'Finally one brother accepted copy of Dr. Griffith John's "Gate of Christianity, but his wife was infuri- Virtue and Wisdom" from the folds ated, rightly inferring that his con- of his garment, "and I have been version would end her life of lux- waiting ever since to know more .ury. She wept, coaxed and cursed.

about it." The speaker was 84 years Her husband continued to attend old, hale and hearty. He and the church services. At last she pursued colporteur were soon in earnest con- hi~ to the church door, seized him versation, and as he listened, light by the belt, screaming wildly that he came to the old man. He was bap- should not enter. Slipping out of the tized and for over two years endured belt, the undaunted husband took his the persecution of his eldest son, a place in the church, the wife rushing man over 60, whom the old man still after him shrieking curses. Two spoke of as "his little child." Last Bible women quieted her and later year he passed peacefully away, re- took her to dinner, when they ex- joicing in Christ Jesus as his Saviour. plained some of the meaning of Home and Foreign Field. Christianity. The happy ending to the story is that the woman gave her Sunday Rest in Chlna husband no further trouble and now I T is noteworthy that the observ- attends church with him. ance of the Sabbath as a day of New Era Magazine.

rest is gaining ground among the Chinese. Christian employers are "Sleeve Editions" of ChInese Bible Helps showing more willingness to make "SLEEVE editions" of Bible helps such arrangement as will relieve their in Chinese are being prepared workers from Sunday labor, and by Dr. Henry C. Hallock of Shang- the physical blessings of such a day hai. His new books-a brief diction- of rest are beginning to be apparent ary of the Chinese Bible, an abridged to all. Naturally, many difficulties concOrdance and a topical text book present themselves in an endeavor to -will not take the place of larger make Sunday rest applicable in all works, but are to be convenient little cases. Christian boatmen, for in- volumes, about the size of a small stance. cannot insist that those who New Testament, with soft cloth cov- hire their boats give up their jour- ers and printed on thin paper, which ney for a reason quite beyond their can be carried' easily on a journey, understanding, and the only recourse and which will be published at so is a change of occupation for the cheap a price that they will he ob- boatmen. Insistence upon the Fourth tainable by even the poorest. As the Commandment makes entrance to the Chinese use their large sleeves in Church more difficult, and some mis- place of pockets, they are called sionaries deal leniently with it; but "sleeve editions."

where adherence is made a test, a

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

.JAPAN-cIlOSEN all Christian activities-educational, medical, social and evangelistic. 'Creating an Atmosphere for Japanese Some Korean Tithers Visitors THE Haiju Tithing Society of Ko- A NUMBER of Japanese Com- rea is more spiritual than finan- cial, for the emphasis is laid upon , missions are visiting America the spiritual blessings accruing to the to study methods and conditions conscientious tither; A unique char- acteristic of this organization, is that along various lines. These alert visit- it collects no funds for distribution, but allows every man the priVilege of ·ors are .taking note of the forward using his tithe as under God's direc- tion he thinks best. Thus the giver's reconstruction movements in business, direct responsibility to God is im- planted in his thinking, and the soeducational and religious fields, and ciety steers clear of all controversy and eliminates all discussion of how upon their return will become propa- the society's funds are to be dis- tributed to best advantage. Every gandists of the best things they have prominent man, every paid worker seen. American Sunday-school lead- and every leader is in this organiza- tion. ers have not been neglecting this Korea Mission Field. o()pportunity, and have seen to it that ISLANDS OF THE SEA the visitors have come into contact Bibles and Soldiers with Christian business men in each THE Bible in Polynesia is a faccity visited. They have been shown tor in the security and freedom of the world. In a New Zealand the best things in civic life, and paper appeared an account of a parade of Rarotongan troops: Christian homes have been opened "Steadily they marched, in perfect to them. ' step, heads up, knee to knee, and with arms swung in regulation style. Two members of the House of "A sturdy lot, well fed, well Peers have been among these visitors, trained, and well looked after, proud of their uniform, proud of their o()ne of them being Baron Megota and officers, and trebly proud of the servthe other Mr. K. Uchida. Both are ice to which they belong, they seem keenly interested in promoting the to epitomise the influence of ¢e grand old army. World Sunday School Convention "As they jauntily tramp past we in Japan in 1920. notice that each dusky hand clasps, not the accustomed rifle, but a book. Japan and Democracy It is their Bible, for this is church parade." D R. Sherwood Eddy is half way on a journey around the world, It is not the chief end of mission~ holding meetings for students in ary societies to make good soldiers, Japan, China, India and other lands. but when the Bible-trained Rarotong- This affords an excellent opportunity ans were called to help make nations for observing conditions which are free, it was found they were better the outcome of the war in those soldiers than some others, because lands. Japan, says Dr. Eddy, has they were better men. had a development parallel to that of Prussia. Both were expanding nations, both were organized under militarism and upon materialism. But the failure, of German militarism has pointed out the certain failure of Japanese autocratic rule, if persistently maintained; and the increasing liberty of press and speech in Japan proclaims an advance toward democracy. "If America, to which the eyes of the Japanese are turned, can live up to the ideals of brotherhood which she professes. the issue will be decided for democracy and Christianity," writes Dr. Eddy. The great need is for a strengthening of

OBITUARY NOTES education and social betterment. But he was above all a messenger of the Bishop Bashford of Cbina Gospel of Christ.

BISHOP JAMESW.BASHFORD The people of Rabat and the tribes died at a sanitarium near Los for many miles around feel that they Angeles on March 18. Bishop Bash- have lost a beloved friend and minisford was ordained to the Methodist ter by the death of Dr. Kerr. The Episcopal ministry in 1878 and served Khalifa of Rabat wrote of his deep as pastor in various churches until grief over the loss of "our pre- 1889, when he was chosen President cious doctor." Dr. Kerr's son, who is of the Ohio Wesleyan University. also a p.hysician, expects when his Since 1906 Bishop Bashford has war work is completed, to take up been actively engaged in missionary his father's mission. work in China. William Albert Briggs of Slam Rev. W. P. Sprague or ChIna ON February 24, William Albert REV. WILLIAM P. SPRAGUE Briggs, M. D., an honored and of Kalgan, China, died on Feb- efficient missionary of the Presbyruary 9, 1919, at Shortsville, New terian Church and founder of the York. Dr. Sprague went to China Overbrook Hospital at Chiengrai, in 1874, as a missionary of the Amer- Siam, died in the General Hospital ican Board to the Mongols. From of Vancouver, B. C. Dr. Briggs was that work he was transferred to a native of Canada, having been born China, and served a period of in Toronto, March 1, 1867, a son of thirty-five years in helping to extend Dr. William Briggs, the publisher. the Kingdom of God on both sides He retained his British citizenship, of the Great Wall. although his medical training was re- ceived in New York. He was ap- Dr. Robert Kerr or )l01'OlCC0 pointed a foreign missionary under the Presbyterian Board in 1890 and FOR thirty years Robert Kerr assigned to Laos, northern Siam; lived in Morocco as a missionary and in 1897 was commissioned to physician, healing the siq.: and preach- break new ground at Chiengrai, ing the Kingdom of God. When he went to Robat, there was not one characterized by Dr. Arthur J. Christian missionary in central or southern Morocco. Me lived a busy Brown as "one of the most isolated life and healed over 2,000 sufferers stations in the world." The small in the course of his ministry. He and poorly equipped plant with also preached the Gospel faithfully which Dr. Briggs began broadened and wrote much on Morocco and the into the Overbrook Hospital, where Moors. The wild tribesmen of Beni thousands were healed both with Hassan, Zenior, Ziarr and El Arab medicine and the Gospel. During the counted him their friend and often war Dr. Briggs rendered such incrowded into the patio of Dar Zabeeb, valuable aid to his government that listening to his stories and asking the British Consul General in Bangfor his medicine. Moors and Jews kok wrote him a letter of warm apboth consulted him. preciation; and as he lay on his death bed three English Army Offi- Moreover, Dr.Kerr acted as a judge cers invested him with the gold in many disputes and as a peacemaker badge of "Officer of the Most Excelin settling quarrels and incipient wars. lent Order of the British Empire." He insisted on justice and his de- Dr. Briggs lost one of two sons in cisions were accepted as right. Dr. the fighting in France. Mr. S. Ed- Kerr also took an interest in farm- gar Briggs, a brother, is manager of ing, in animal ann bird liff' and in Fleming H. Revell Company.

MISSIONARY LIBRARY'

~ Hudson Taylor and the China Inland liefs and characteristics. This in- Mission. By Dr. and Mrs. How- formation would have given a clear- ard Taylor. Illustrated. 8vo. er picture of the setting in which the 640 pp. 9 shillings. Morgan & missionary work was done, and Scott, London. China Inland would have shown more vividly the Mission, London, Philadelphia obstacles to be overcome. The his- and Toronto 1918. tory is peculiarly a narrative of The first part of Hudson Taylor's God's dealings with Hudson Taylor, with incidents from letters and life, from 1832 to 1860, was pub- diaries to illustrate his trials, his lished a few years ago, and the con- faith, his courage, his spiritual wiscluding and most important part is dom and power, and the many dinow issued thirteen years after his rect answers to prayer. It is un- fortunate that the lack of an index death. It is distinctly -a sermonic and of descriptive chapter headings biography, not a chronicle of events, makes it difficult to find references or a character study. Hudson Tay- to specific incidents and people. lor was an unusual man, with positive character, firm convictions, a The life of Hudson Taylor was an living faith in God and indomitable unusual life, a divine life fulfilling courage and perseverance. a divine mission. No one can read the story of God's dealing with him This history, with its record of and of his faithfulness, without the growth of the China Inland Mis- realizing that here 'is a picture of sion and its manifold lessons, is full what God can do with a truly surof wonderful experiences of an- rendered life. swered prayer, vivid pictures of hardship and suffering and inspiring The Christian Approach to. Islam. evidence of the power of the Spirit By Rev. James L. Barton, D. D. of God. It is a truly extraordinary 8vo. 316 pp. $2.00 net. Pilgrim record, and one from which every Press Boston, 1918. missionary society and every Chris- The problem of the conversion of tian may learn many lessons. No one who reads and believes this Moslems has all but baffled the record of Hudson Taylor'S life can Christian Church. These people have doubt the truth of Christianitv, and so much truth, are so numerous, are the present working of Almighty such aggressive exponents of their God. faith and are so bitterly opposed to apostasy that they have success- From the viewpoint of the reader, fully withstood the advance of the length of the biography is a Christianity in almost every land. drawback. The biographers evi- Dr. Barton is a Christian authority dently labored under the difficulty on the subject of missions to Mosof choosing- from a great wealth of lems. First. he was a missionary material. There is also, in spite of in Turkey and has since been a its excellent literary style, a gen- student of the subject and a most eral sameness in the material efficient Secretary of the American selected and in the method of pres- Board. entation. Comparatively little – is told of the Chinese people among The studies here clearly and ably whom Mr. Taylor's life was spent. presented describe first, the history The work of the Mission and the and extent of Islam as a religion answerea prayers crowd out infor- and a potential power; and second, mation as to Chinese customs, be- 479

Mohammedanism as a religion-Al- facts are given to show Germany's lah, the Koran, its theory and prac- influence in Turkey and her respon- tice and the Moslem sects. The dis- sibility for the massacres. It is not tinctive part of the volume is that an up to date book in its facts and which deals with the "Relation of is of very secondary value except Islam to Christianity" and to mis-· as an expression of an Armenian's sionary work. Here is where "doc- desire for freedom from oppression.

tors sometimes disagree." One Reconstruction in Turkey. Reports school of missionaries believes in compiled for the American Compolemics against Islam, revealing mittee of Armenian and Syrian its errors and evils; the other ad-' Relief. New York. For private vocates seeking points of contact. distribution. Dr. Barton is of the latter schooL These valuable reports by au- The volume is of real value to all thorities on their subjects give an interested in solving the Moham- outline of the history, ethnology medan problem from a Christian and religious conditions in the point of view. The story of mis- Turkish Empire, the social and sions to Moslems is excellent, and economic needs, industries,' the edu- cation, status of women and finances. shows that the problem is much less difficult than formerly. Dr. Barton believes that a new day has dawned Foreign Financial Control in China.

for missions to Moslems, and that By T. W. OverIach. 295 pages.

we must adopt new methods to lead $2.00 net. The Macmillan Com- Moslems to Christ. The volume is pany. New York, 1919.

worthy of very thoughtful study. Books on the Far and Near East are numerous, but the interest of America Save the Near East. By thoughtful men and women in the AbrahamM. Rihbany. 16mo.176 subject has become so great that the pp. $1.00 net. The Pilgrim Press. demand continues unabated. It is 1918. now recognized that in this era of The Syrian pastor of an American close international relationships, the Unitarian Church makes a plea for readjustments in Asia involve prob- the reconstruction of Syria, its de- lems of the first magnitude which liverance from Turkish misrule involve all other nations and particu- through an American protectorate larly America. This and the .four which will rejuvenate that land and succeeding books present various guide the people to enlightened phases of the problem, and each deals self-government. It is a sane appeal, with some important aspect of the but there· are two great difficulties general theme.

in the way of this program-one is Mr. Overlach in his volume on the selfishness and jealousy of Eu- "Foreign Financial Control in ropean nations and the other is the China," writes out of fullness of hesitation of America: to undertake knowledge and clearly indicates the the task. official and other documentary evi- dence upon which he bases his ar- The Tragedy of Armenia. By Ber- gument. He makes a valuable con- tha S. Papazian. 12mo. 164 pp. tribution to the literature on the $1.00 net. The Pilgrim Press. finances of China and the financial Boston. 1918. relations of other countries to it.

A member of the martyred nation He presents an unbiased analysis of here makes a powerful appeal for the financial and political activities her people. It is a tragic and pa- of the six leading powers in China thetic story, the half of which has during the last twenty years, and not been told. The history of the emphasizes the need of international Armenians is briefly traced, some financial co-operation. China and the World War. By W. foreigners of all denominations and Reginald Wheeler. 263 pages. nationalities in Canton, but by the $1.75. The Macmillan Company, Chinese, who almost overwhelmed New York, 1919. her with their tributes of praise and "In China and the World War," honor. The book is largely an ac- W. Reginald Wheeler, who has count of the rise and development of spent three years in China, vividly the educational institution with describes the attack upon China which her life work has been identi- from without during the first year fied, and it gives much: information of the war; the attack from within about this honored missionary during the second year; the progress leader, and about Christian effort in republican government and the to mould and train Chinese girls for new foreign policy; the severance a high type of womanhood.

of diplomatic relations with and the declaration of war against Germany The Riddle of Nearer Asia. By and Austria; the Lansing-Ishi Basel Mathews. 216 pp. $1.25.

agreement between America and George H. Doran Company, New Japan concerning China; the Chi- York, 1919.

nese-Japanese military agreement The value of Basel Mathews'

of 1918; and China's future as af- "The Riddle of Nearer Asia" is tes- fected by the aims of the allied tified to by no less an authority Powers. This is rather a wide field than Viscount Bryce, former British to cover in a small book of only 182 Ambassador at Washington and pages, so that only a bare outline is himself an international authority given; but an additional 74 pp. are of the first rank. He says that the devoted to appendices which give book is admirably calculated to pro- official documents and a bibliography vide the student, who. wishes to un- of a "five foot shelf" of books on derstand the conditions of mission- China. For a fuller discussion of ary work in Southern Asia, with the great subject of Chinese re- essential facts and illuminating lationship to the world war, one views stated in the clearest and would need to go to larger volumes, briefest way, and that seldom does but as a convenient and comprehen- one find so much good matter sive hand-book, this little volume is brought together in so small a com- to be highly commended. pass. This is high praise and the book deserves it. Mr. Mathews A Light in the Land of Sinim. By treats of the social and economic Harriet Newell Noyes. 250 pp. conditions of the Near East, the $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Com- menace of the Turk, and the prob- pany, New York, 1919. lems of reconstruction, and he does "A Light in the Land of Sinim" this in a way which makes his book comes laden with special interest to delightfully readable.

the many friends and admirers of the author, Miss Harriet Newell World Facts and America's Respon- Noyes, who has been for fifty-two sibility. By Cornelius H. Patton.

years a Presbyterian missionary in 236 pages. $1.00. Association Canton, and for forty-five years of Press, New York, 1919.

that period the Principal of True The Rev. Dr. Cornelius H. Patton, Light Seminary, the largest and Secretary of the American Board most influential boarding school for of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- girls in South China. Her semi- sions, brings our study to the prac- centennial of missionary service was tical issue of "America's Responsi- celebrated two years ago with ex- . bility" for ten world facts: the re- traordinary demonstrations of re- naissance of Asia; the decadence of spect and affection not only by the the non-Christian religions; the rapid extension of Christianity; the kaleidoscopic. These stories are fight of the East and the West for naturally impressionistic rather a common cause; the expectation of than scholarly. They are a witness's the East that America will give example and help; the emergence of testimony rather than a judge's ver- America from her isolation; Amer- dict. They will, however, dispel ica and Great Britain in a' fellowship some prejudices and correct some of service; democracy the organ- false impressions. Miss Bryant, an izing principle of the world; the rise American socialist who was in Rusof the new idealism; and the Church sia for six months last year, sees girding herself for her great task. Dr. Patton is one of the able mis- the turmoil and recognizes many ionary leaders of the modern Church, of the dangers, but she does and is familiar with the bearing of not prescribe the remedy. Her the present world situation upon largest contribution is the descripthe churches of America. In this tion of Russian leaders, Madame little book, he has packed argu- Breskowsky, Kerensky, Lenine, ments and appeals which make it Trotzky, and others. She is strongly one of great power. anti-German, but writes with much sympathy for the Soviets and trav- eled from Petrograd to Stockholm The Democratic Movement in Asia. as a Bolshevist courier. Her view By Tyler Dennett. 16mo. 252 of the Russian Church and its priests pp. $1.50. The Ass 0 cia t ion is far from attractive, picturing Press, 1918. drunken, dirty and immoral men These papers which appeared in acting as intermediaries of God. The Russian Church is dead. Will the organ of the American Asiatic there be a resurrection or will a Association, Asia, are filled with new evangelical Church take its most interesting facts in regard to the progress of Asiatic peoples. Mr. place?

Dennett shows clearly what. mis- sionaries have done and are doing In the East Africa War Zone. By for Asiatics and the appreciation in J. H. Briggs. Pamphlet 88 pp.

which missionary work is held by Church Missionary Society, 1918.

the most intelligent Asiatic leaders. A British missionary in German The papers thus form a splendid East Africa describes briefly the apologetic for missions and the country and people and relates the book is especially suitable to place story of the mission and recounts in the hands of business men who the experiences-interesting if may be uninterested in missions rather unpleasant-through which because uninformed as to the fruit~ he and his fellow-workers passed of missions. Mr. Dennett takes up under German hands during the American work in Asia, Education, war. German officials immediately Medical Missions, Women's Eman- put an end to British missionary cipation, Sacial Progress, Church work and "told the native Chris- Unity and Foreign Missions. . tians, especially the teachers, to sev- er their connection with the English Six Red Months in Russia. By Mission by either going over to Louise Bryant. Illustrated. 8vo. Mohammedanism or returning to $2.00 net. George H. Doran Co. heathenism, and to destroy at once New York. 1918. their Bibles, Hymn books, Prayer A newspaper writer's story of Books and other books printed in Russia during these days of revolu- English." They did not however tion is sure. to be stirring and follow this advice. WORLD PROHIBITION FEDERATION (Successor to International Prohibition Confederation.) Founded at London in 1909 for the object of suppressing the harmful traffic in all Intoxicants throughout the world–whether Alcohol, Opium, Hashish, etc.

The operations through its numerous Vice-Presidents cover the majority of the countries of the earth without respect to race or creed.

President, GUY HAYLER, International Electoral Superintendent I. O. G. T., Courtfield, South Norwood Park, London, S.. E., England.

Treasurer, REV. CHAS. SCANLON, LL. D., General Secretary Board of Temperance of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., Columbia Bank Building, Pittsburg., Pa" U. S. A.

Secretary, EDWARD PAGE GASTON, F. R. G. S., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, U. S. A.

You are invited to apply for free literature in. various language~ and for information on the statu3 of Prohibition in any part of 'the world. The same bervice will be rendered gladly to other person.> interested, whose addresses you are invited to forward.

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AJso, send, gratis, literature, etc., to the following persons: Please mention THE MISSIONARY R~IJCW OS' t'ult WORI.D in writing to advertisers Missionary Personals MR. ROBnT P. WI!;DER, who has been for the past few years Director of Religious Worle in the International Committee of the Y. M.C. A., has resigned that position to become General Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement. He takes the place of MR. F. P. TURNER, who has become Secretary of the Committee of Reference and Council of the Foreign Missions Conference. Mr. Wilder was one of the original founders of the Student Volunteer Movement in North America.

DR. JOHN McDowE!;L of Baltimore *and* D*R. WM. R. KING of St. Louis have been elected as associate secretaries of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions. Dr. Mc- Dowell will be located with Dr. Marquis in New York, and Dr. King with Dr. Fullerton in the St. Louis office.

REv. CHARLES S. DEMING, Profess*or *in t*he Union Theological Seminary and in the Pierson Memorial Bible School of Seoul, Korea, is in America on furlough.

* .. .. MAJOR STEPHEN V. TROWBRIDGE, who is in charge of relief work in' Palestine for the American Red Cross, has received the rare honor of the Gold Cross of the Holy Sepulchre, in token of the gratitude of the people of Jerusalem. This distinction was also conferred upon General Allenb..y. . … ..

DR. HowAIm Buss, President of the Syrian Protestant College in Beirut, has recently arrived in New York by way of Paris and the Peace Conference. The College of which he is the head remained open throughout the entire period of the war, never . . having less than 650 students, most of them Syrians and Egyptians. ..

PRES. CAMPBlll;L WHITE, having accepted the call to become General Life Service Secretary of the Interchurch World Movement of North America, has resigned as president of Wooster University. * .. ..

. . . Rllv. G. CAMPBllL!; MORGAN, D. D., of London has accepted a professorship in the Bible Teachers' Training School of New York. He expects to spend August in Washington and Northfield, and September in Seattle. Rllv. F. M. NORTH, D. D., corresponding secretary of the Methodist Board of Foreign Missions, after visiting France and Italy, spent a week in North Africa .. .. '" and a short time in Spain. He has now returned to America. MR. CHAO, President of Pei Yang University, Tientsin, one of China's foremost educators, was recently converted to Christianity. Mr. Chao, as the head of a large government school, will exert a wide influence for Christianity throughout all North China. .. * ..

MR. E. C. FAITHFUL, Secretary of fhe South Africa General Mission, is in America .. . . in the interests of the Mission, particularly the plans for enlarged work in Portuguese West Africa.

PANDITA RAMADAI, the famous Indian Christian worker for child widows, has been honored by the Emperor of India with the presentation of the Kaiser-i-Hind gold medal. .. * ..

MR. CHURCHI!;!; H. CUTTING has been elected President of the American Bible Society. Mr. Cutting is a prominent Baptist layman who has· been connected with the .. … … Society for some time.

RJiv. SAMUllL H. WIl;KINSON, Director of the Mildway Mission to the Jews, has gone to Palestine under the auspices of the Soldiers' Christian Association.

.. * * DR. SAMUllL TRAIN DUTTON', an officer of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, who has been active in many organizations for human welfare, died on March 28. Dr. Dutton was a trustee of the American College For Girls in Constantinople, and Treasurer since 1908.

* .. * MISS MARY HARDING of Sholapur, India, died on January 4, 1919. She was the daughter and granddaughter of notable missionaries. A sister and brother gave up their lives in service for India, and another sister, Mrs. Charles Burr, is a missionary of Ahmednagar. –

BOOKS ON MISSIONS

The Mastery of the Far East. By The Latest Arthur Judson Brown. 8vo. 671 Missionary Publications pp. $6.00. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1919. Themes for Mission Study, Iglg-ZO Handbook of French and Belgian Christianity and Human Conservation- Protestantism. By Louise Sey- Christian Americanization mour Houghton. 12mo. 245 pp. 75 c. Missionary Education Move- The Missionary Education Movement ment, New York, 1919. Presents these New and Striking Book.: "'''''e Voice of the Nation and Other Verses. By Frank M. Gregg. New Life Currents in China 12mo. 96 pp. 75e. Fleming H. Revell Company, New York, By MARY NINDE CAMEWELL 1918. Owing to the present interest in China, The New Opportunity of the this book comes at an opportune time. in- Church. By Robert E. Speer. forming chapters on public health, general 16mo. 111 pp. 6Oe. The Mac- and medical education, and Christian Mis- Millan Company, New York, sions. Illustrated. 1919. CIGth, 75 centsj paper, SO cents, pestpaid. God Over All. By A. T. Schofield, M. D. 12mo. 1/6. 109 pp. Pick- (Ready) ering & Inglis, London. Foreign Magie Not Dead but Living. By Harring- ton C. Lees. 16mo. 46 pp. 6s. By JEAN CARTER COCHRAN Morgan & Scott, Ltd. London. This volume reveals, in a striking way, the Can A Young Man Trust His Bible. "magic" exercised by Christian doctors and By Arthur Cook. 12mo. 64pp. nurses on the ru-edy population of China. A Is. Pickering & Inglis, London. serious subject, touched with a gentle humor. Artistic binding and illustrations. Prophecy and Authority. By Kem- per Fullerton. 12mo. 213 pp. Cloth, $1.50, postpaid.

$1.50. The MacMillan Company, (R.ady) New York, 1919. Christian Americanization Mexico Under Carranza. By Thom- By DR. CHARLES ALVIN BROOKS as E. Gibbon. 12mo. 270 pp. $l.SO. Doubleday, Page & Co., An outline of the "after-the-war" task that New York, 1919. awaits the Christian forces of our country; the outcome of extensive European investiga- Dr. Elsie Inglis. By Lady Frances tion by a man rarely qualified for his task. Balfour. 12mo. 264 pp. $1.50. Illustrated. George H. Doran Company, New York, 1919. Cloth, 75 centsj paper, 40 cents; postpaid.

Adventures in Alaska. By S. Hall (Ready) Young. 12mo. 181 pp. $1.25. Ministers of Mercy Fleming H. Revell Company, New York, 1919. By DR. JAM.ES H. FRANKLIN The Lincoln Cabin. By Saxe Churc- The stories of ten famous medical mission- hill Stimson. 12mo. 49 pp. aries whose fields were, mainly, in the Far Published by the Author. East. This book is valuable as literature and also as a basis for serious study. Illustrated. League of Nations. By Alfred Owen Crozier. 12mo. 196 pp. Cloth, 75 eentsj paper,50 cebhj postpaid. SOc. L~couver Press Co., New York, 1919. (R••dy Jun. 5) Friends of Ours. By Elizabeth Col- The Honorable Crimson Tree son. 12mo. 86 pp. Missionary Education Movement, New York, By ANITA B. FERRIS 1918. China is well nigh treeless. Try and picture what it must be, else you will not appreciate the courage of a little Chinese lad, who, to save a tiny tree, faced a savage bandit. Seven other fine stories for children. Illustrated.

Cloth, 60 eentsj paper, 40 centsj postpaid.

(Ready) The foregoing books may be ordered from any denominational headquarters, or from tbe MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA 1110 Fifth A_nu., N.w York City Do not miss the coming articles in Christianity and Industrial Problems in Japan By J. Merle Davis What the Salvation Army will do with $13,000,000 By Col. William H. Cox Daniel Uhlane-A Trophy from Central Africa By Rev. Donald Fraser The Largest Leper Colony in the World By William M. Danner. Also The Medical Mission Number with articles on Medical Missions in Africa, China, India, Japan and Moslem Lands, and in relation to Evangelism- Home Life- Child Life- Leprosy Plague and Famine–Rockefeller Foundation and The World Sunday School Number with articles on The Sunday School in Many Lands; The Re- lation of Sunday Schools to Evangelization-Home Life–The Development of the lNative Church-Christian Literature- Training of Leaders. The Tokyo Convention.

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Have You WHEN you plan your vacation be sure it includes a Consulted Summer Conference. It will be a real joy and inspiratio the List of and will not only help you, but will benefit those with whom you will work nertyear. SUMMER CONFERENCES Let us tell you how you can earn part or all of your. ex- penses to attend a Summer School of Missions~ In This Issue 7 Write today to: page iv . MISS WILMA DI1NTZE Missionary Review Publishing Co.

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The Old Corner Boo" Store, Ine., 27 BloomfielCl St.. Booton. OPPORTUNITY To the PROTESTANT CHURCHES of America Has Come a GREAT MISSIONARY OPPORTUNITY With the Signing of the Armistice There are 50,000,000 people to be reached through the French Protestants in their Foreign Missionary Work.

French Missionary Societies alone are qualified, under present conditions, to occupy some of the world's most needy fields, the French Colonies. In Asia, there is the whole of French Indo-China, with 20,000,000 inhabitan.ts. In Africa, are French Guinea, the Ivory Coast, Dahomey, the greater part of the French Congo, itself nearly three times as large as France, and above all, the Sudan,' where the final conflict between the Crescent and the Cross is to be decided. The African Colonies contain 30;000,000 inhabitants.

There are 20,000,000 Frenchmen in France who are not vitally connected with any religious organization.

"Since the war,"- says Chaplain Daniel Couve, "these 20,000,000 have been moved,to a greater respect for and interest in religion. The great need of France is to make French Christianity more democratic, and French Democracy more Christian. Protestantism, through its history and tradition, is peculiarly fitted for the task, and its great opportunity lies in the openness of the people to religious appeal."

Protestants ought to seize this opportunity or others will The financial purden on Protestants of Stricken France is so heavy that Protestantism in the devastated areas is in danger of being wiped out.

Do you want this field to be lost to Protestantism? You know the consequences if it is.

Do you want to lose the great opportunity in Foreign Missionary Work?

$3,000,000 Needed at Once An Int~ational and· Interdenominational Committee, sUpported by every Protestant Denomination in the United States, supporting every Protestant organization in France and Belgium, has been formed with headquarters at 289 Fourth Ave., New York.

GEORGE O. TAMBLYN, Director CHARLES S. WARD, Advisor ALFRED R. KIMBALL, Treasurer You will help deCide whether France shall be Protestant or not by a contribution. . I· Make a Memorial Day Gift. LATEST BOOKS ON MISSIONS ,$ , w. CHRISTINA FORSVTHOF FINCOLAND By p~ Livingsto'lte _0. AUthor of "Mary …..or .'·C……..r,.. Awa,y. off in Fingoland, down in the f~r, S()uth-Eastern Africa, Christina Forsyth, or "Smoyana,"

as shE! was adoringly called by the'Kaffirs, gave thirty years of her life t() work among one of the Wildest and most treacherous tribes in the dark continent. Like Mary Sle880r of Calabar, ~'Smoyana" lived a life of. superhuman self-sacrifice-a life of romance and tragedy. Mr. Liv- Ingstone's story of the "Ma of the Kraals," as the Fingos called Christina Forsyth, will be counted among the most fascinating annals ()f missi()nary biography. Such a wonderful example of supreme devotion to the cause of missions will be sure to awaken an answering response in thousands of hearts. . ., . 12mo. Net,$1.50 FOREleN MACIC By Jean Carter Cochran ~ere is a book whict throws an intensely vivid light upon the inter-rela:tions of resident'Amer- 1ca':ls and the people of China. The author's delicate vignettes of Chinese life reveal to us cur~ously drll;matic pictures. of the magic wrought by American physicians upon the minds and ~041es of their Chinese patients. It is across"seetion of Oriental life of today, told with delica~e Insight and sympathy, revealing to us the strength, weakness and possibilities of this awakening giant among the nations. 12mo. Net, $1.50 DR. ELSIE INCLIS , By La.dy Fra.nces Ballour In the annals of glorious, unselfish wartime service, the name of Elsie Inglis, nurse, doctor and hospital executive, will be blazoned among the heroines of the world. 12mo.. Net, $1.50 THE RIDbLE OF NEARER ASIA By Basil Mathews, with a Foreword by Viscount Bryce This book admirably supplies the student of missionary conditions in Western Asia with the 12m~. Net, $1.25 essential facts regarding the problems of the Near East..

MARY SLESSOR OF CALABAR By W. P. Livingstone The enthusiasm universally awakened by this great missionary biography marks it as a classic. "Not since David Livingstone has such a biography appeared."-Word and Way. "Mary Slessor's life stands alone in the annals of heroic women."-Dr. J. T. Faris. avo. Net. $1.50 THEWHITEQUEENOF OKOYONQ By W. P. Livingstone The stol."Y of Mary Slessor retold lor young people. A thrilling, fascinating narrative of a wonderful woman and her wonderful work in Africa. 12mo. Net. $1.00 TH1NKINC BLACK By D. Crawford, F.R.G.S.

This most·amazingly original and picturesque recital of missionary life and adventure in Central Africa has taken its place in the annals of missionary work and sacrifice. 8vo. Net, $2.50 OUTLINES OF MISSIOJItA1tYHIS'tORY By Allred DeWitt Mason, D. D.

The very best single volume hand-book of missionaTy activity trom earliest times to the present day. . /. . 12mo. Net, $1.50 LETTERS FROM MY HOME IN, INDIA· By Mrs. George Churchill Cheerful, intimate letters filled with the glorious faith and courage of the ideal· missionary. extending over a period of nearly fifty ~~ars. 11iimo. 'Net, $1.25 ·OUT OF THE SHADOW By Rose Cohen The vivid autobiography of a Russian girl emigraqt. "ThIs book offers the truest, most wise, 'reticent and absolute condemnation of child labor I ever read. . It should be read by every lover of democracy in the country."-Lifll and Labor..· . 8vo. Net, $2.00 GEORGE H~ 'DORAN COMPANY, Publishers,· New York p ub 1 i • he. • I n A me. i c a I o. It 0 b D E R &: S T 6 U G-H TON tt·

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1919

'INVESTMENT

THE MISSIONARY EVIEW~ • APRIL, 1919 GERMAN MISSIONS AFTER THE WAR BURTON ST. JOHN THE MASSES AND THE CLASSES IN INDIA J. c. R. EWING AN AMERICAN DOOR TO CENTRAL ASIA DWIGHT M. DONALDSON· A CHRISTIAN OPPORTUNITY AMONG SOLDIERS LEMUEL CALL BARNES SKY PILOT TO THE SAN BLAS INDIANS BELLE M. BRAIN HOW THE TURKS CONDUCT AN ORPHANAGE MAJOR STEPHEN V. TROWBRIDGE _YEAR 25 CENTS A COPY An Annuity Catechism What is a Life Annuity Bond of the Board of Foreign Missions?

It is a legal document issued by the Board · binding itself and its successor to pay a regular rate of interest to the beneficiary during life.

Why is an income from such a bond absolutely secure?

Because the Board's moral responsibility is co-equal with that of the Methodist Episcopal Church and its financial resources are as well conserved as consecrated business judgment can make them.

How does the Board use the money which it receives from Annuity Bonds?

It is placed in a trust fund and invested in first..

class securities where it remains until the death of the peneficiary. It is then transferred to the general treasury and is available for appropriation by the Board or is expended as designated by the donor.

Address all correspondence regarding Life Annuity Bonds to George M. Fowles. Treasurer. Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist £piscopal Church. 150 Fihh Ave.• New York City

AND BUSINESS For my sermons, I

the large, bold type. CHAT Then by "Just turning the knob" tte <I-<!-'lri-f,yt THE ANNUAL MEETING t'floe· 8 … ea.6.~ 1<>……~ The Missionary Review Publishing Company held its annual meeting at ,~ … ~~e Q<> …… es~<>~6.e~ce. 3 p. m. on February 20, 1919, at 156 6y Sunday SchooL notices. Fifth Avenue, New York City. Dr. Robert E. Speer, the President of the "Many Typewriters In One" Company, presided and made an address. The Treasurer, Mr. Walter Would you like to know why the McDougall, presented his report Multiplex Ha.mmond is so popular with showing the comparative income and ALL classes of p~DplBI We can tell expenditures for the years 1917 and you in fou.r words: 1918. The increase in subscription receipts amounted to $1000, and the Because of its versatility! decrease in the cost of manufacture has by economy amounted to about The Multiplex Ha.mmond d06! every- thing any other typewriter will do. $1000. a.nd beside8, if you '".Just turn the The Secretary presented his report knob tI you can cha.nge from one style of type, or from one language. to anof which the following are extracts: ,other. Note the above specimen The income from advertising has. (slightly reduced) all written on the has been 10% more than last year. SAME machine. The circulation of the REVIEW has No Other Typewriter Can Do This steadily increased through the efficient work of our circulation depart- No ma.tter who ment, and with the cooperation of you lire, what you such friends as Mrs. E. C. Cronk are. or where you and Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer. The are, the Multiplex number of new subscriptions re- Ha.mmond I. the ceived during the year was 2965. wrltln g machine The net increase was 12% for the for YOU. Man the coupon for year or over 60% since the magazine free folder.

was taken over from the former pub- Also a PORTABLE Model lisher. The REVIEW is on sale at 15 places in America and three in for- Full capacity. Weight about 11 pounds. eign lands, and we have the coopera- Ask for special folder. Mailed free. tion of 220 agents-almost double the number last year. Last' summer lnoui!'e ab~ut special terms to the REVIEW was represented at 105 ~ professional.. missionary conferences, scattered all over the United States and Canada. ____________ Free Folder _____________ The following mission boards have THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER co. undertaken to send the REVIEW to 577 East 69th St., New York City. each of their stations: the Women's Baptist Foreign Mission Society; the Please send free Folder to; United Presbyterian Board of For- Name _________________ eign Missions; the Executive Committee of the Presbyterian Church Addres•. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ ( South) ; the Foreign Christian Missionary Society: the Reformed Occupation _______- – – – – , – Church in America and the Reformed Presbyterian Church. Other Societies that have through friends arranged to send the REVIEW to some of their mission stations are the Lutheran General Council, the American Board, the American Friends and the Moravians. In this way the Please mention TH~ MISSIONARY Rt;vu;w OF 'tB~ WQ~~:P ill wripns 19 advertiser~ THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, EditIJr.

CONTENTS FOR APRIL, 1919 FRONTISPIECE-A FACSmII.E LE'tTJlR :FROM GENJlRAI. EDMUND H. H. AI.I.ENBY SIGNS OF THE TIMES • • ……… 241 CHRISTWARD MOVIiMENTS IN INDIA EGYPTIANS AND THE (;QSPIiI.

INDIA'S PR!iSENT DISTRIiSS INT!lRCHURCH CONFERIiNCE IN MEXICO HOME MISSIONS IN CHINA A JAPANESE VIEW OF EUROPE EDITORIALS . . . • . . . ..•…… . 247 BmI.E READING IN PUBLIC SCHOOI.S Is ABYSSINIA AWAKENING?

INTERPRETING INDIA TO AM1lRICA OUR A'tTITUDE TOWARD GJlRMAN MISSIONS GERMAN MISSIONS AFTER THE WAR. . . . . By BURTON ST. JOHN 251 An impressive array of facts in regard to the extent of German missions before the war, and the problem facing the Christian Church in post-war reconstruction. THE MASSES AND THE CLASSES IN INDIA. . . By J. C. R. EWING 259 One of the best living authorities on missions in India shows the progress of Christianity in its relation to the "Mass Movements."

AN AMERICAN DOOR TO CENTRAL ASIA. . By DWIGHT M. DONAI.DSON 266 With a series of striking maps, an American missionary points out the strategic importance of Meshed to the evangelization of Central Asia, including the closed land of Afghanistan.

THE CHRISTIAN OPPORTUNITY AMONG SOLDIERS By LEMuEl, CALI. BARNES 270 The tremendous problem before the Christian Church in caring for the re- turning soldiers is clearly set forth in its relation to the home mission problem, and the possible settlement of soldiers on western farms.

SALT AND ITS SAVOR IN CHINA. II. . . . By CHARLES E. SCOTT 274 The concluding part of a very graphic picture of the sufferings undergone by Chinese Christians because of their faith.

SKY PILOT TO THE SAN BLAS INDIANS . . . By Bl1LLl1 M. BRAIN 281 The story of a picturesque and fruitful life on an island near the Republic of Panama. Miss Coope has been called a second Mary Siessor. CHRISTMAS IN THE SLUMS OF TOKYO. . By WILLIAM 1. HuTCHINS 285 An Oberlin professor vividly gives the impression made upon him on his first visit to the slums of the Japanese capital.

HOW TURKS CONDUCT AN ORPHANAGE. . By STIiPHllN TROWBRIDGE 287 The story of what a major of the Red Cross discovered on his visit to a Turkish orphanage near Beirut.

WAR AND RELIGION "OVER THERE" . . . . By PHILIP E. HOWARD 289 BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT. . Edited by MRS. E. C. CRONK 292 THE ART OF SECURING AN AUDIENCE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARMIiR 300 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 304 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY …… 320 Missionary Personals . . Facts Warlh Quoting TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1919, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. AJI rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the post office at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of_March 3, 1879.

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*** .OUR WORLD TEMPERANCE NUMBER The May number of the REVIEW is to be devoted to the World Wide Temperance Movement. Since the various state legislatures have almost without exception voted for national prohibition as an amendment to the constitution of the United States, the movement toward world-wide prohibition as the only safe course has gained momentum. The reasons that have led America to favor this drastic action should also influence other Please mention 'rHn MISSIONARY REVIEW OF 'l'llE WORLD in writing to advertisers governments to make similar laws printed notice appearing in the last against a tra~c which brings benefit copy for which the subscription is only to those who conduct it for paid. All subscriptions are payable financial gain, and undeniably is a strictly in advance.

curse to humanity, bringing physical, *** moral and spiritual ruin to millions of men, women and children. We DATE OF PUBLICATION are presenting in the May number statements by the highest authorities, Considerable confusion and delay showing the effect of intoxicants and has resulted from the change of habit-forming drugs on the physical, printer from New York to Coopersmental and moral life of the human town. A number of circumstances, race. The effect also on industries, including influenza, transfer of paper politics and religion is brought out, and plates, and congestion at the so that the facts may be put in the printing office, delayed the January hands of patriots in various coun- and February numbers, so that many tries who wish to use these facts as complaints were received about the arguments in promoting temperance non-arrival or late arrival of copies and prohibition in their own lands. of the REVIEW. This has been a very trying experience for subscrib- Another series oJ articles in this ers and for those at the office of the same number is devoted to the needs REVIEw. We believe, however, that of various mission lands, and the the difficulty has been adjusted. The progress that has been made along March number was mailed on Febtemperance lines. ruary 24, and it is expected that the April number will reach the sub- It would be well for subscribers scribers before April 1st. It is our and others interested in this subject earnest endeavor to publish the REto send advance orders for the May VIEW in !ample time, so that those number. Already an extra edition who depend upon it for sermons and of 5000 copies has been ordered by missionary meetings will not be disone organization, and we expect a appointed by its late arrival. still larger demand. Copies should be sent to all the mission fields to be *** distributed among Christian workers. WOULD YOU LIKE TO AT- *** TEND A MISSIONARY CON- EDITIONS EXHAUSTED The December edition of the RE- FERENCE THIS SUMMER'!

VIEW was exhausted almost as soon You can go if you really want to.

as it came from the press. The Be a MISSIONARY REVIEW delegate. January number, in spite of the fact If you are longing to attend some that we printed a second edition of special Summer School and do not 1000 copies, is now entirely out of know just how to pay your expenses, print, and we have had orders for perhaps we C~ll1 help you. Let us over one hundred copies which know which conference you prefer, could not be supplied. An extra giving if possible the auspices under large edition of the February num- which it is heJd and dates. If you ber was printed. and has also been have not decided which one will be in such demand that we have not of greatest value to you let us know been able to supply all the orders; what work you are most interested consequently, future subscriptions in and we will gladly send you helpmust begin with the March number, ful information. We are in close of which we have ordered a 20% touch with the leaders throughout larger edition. Moral: send in your the country and hope to have many • orders early, and do not allow your MISSIONARY REVIEW delegates attend subscription to lapse. According to the 1919 Summer Schools of Mis- Government regulations, we have sions.

been obliged to cut off our subscrib- Would you like to go"? Write ers if their subscription is not re- about it at once to Miss Wilma newed promptly. Four notices are Duntze, 156 Fifth Avenue, New ~ent to each subscriber, including a York City. Keep Informed on the Progress and Problems in Mohammedan Lands The April number-just out-of THE MOSLEM WORLD Edited by REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, F. R. G. S., of Cairo Contains the following important articles: The Evangelization of Moslems George Swan An Indian Sufi Hymn Howard A. Walter Illiteracy among Indian Moslems H. J. Lane-Smith Christian Literature for Russian Moslems Jenny de Mayer Islam in Siam Paul McClure Hinkhouse Constantinople College fot Women The Crescent a Symbol of Islam Eveline A. Thompson All India Moslem Ladies' Conference H. E. E. Hayes Mohammedans in Syria during the War Marguerite B. Walter Evil Spirits and the Evil Eye in Turkey Wm. H. Hall Current Topics and Book Reviews George E. White This quarterly, with correspondents in all Moslem lands, is a review of current events, literature and thought among Mohammedans and relates the progrt'ss of Christian Missions in Moslem Lands.

Send your sub~cription today to THE MOSLEM WORLD, IS6 Filtb Avenue, New Vork City $1.25 a Vear 35 .ents a Copy A lew ba.k numbers available The Church Sample Copies Free on Request and the (Enclose 3 cents for postage) The president of a large western Social Question manufacturinl" /company was so impressed with the force and value of two recent articles on the above subject, by Dr. John McDowell of Baltimore, that he has made it possible to have them reprinted and distributed to ten thousand ministers in the Christian churches of America.

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SEND TODAY – Before the supply is exhausted PARTIAL CONTENTS I. Interest io the Social Question 3. Christianity and the Social Question 2. What is the Social Question 4. Leadership of the Church THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD.

Cooperstown, N. Y. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TIlE· WORLD in writing to advertisers Missionary Personals REV. SIDIiEY L. GULICK, D. D., for thirty years a missionary to Japan, has been appointed by the Commission on Relations with the Orient as a special representative in Paris during the Peace Conference, to help promote a better understanding • • • between the nations of the West and the Far East. BISHOP M. C. HARRIS, of the M.ethodist Episcopal Church in Tokyo, Japan, re- turned to the United States by way of Vancouver, February 5, and sailed from New York February 28 for Europe and the Holy Land. He will study conditions • • • in Jerusalem and the new Palestine. REv. STANI,!CY WHITE, D. D., one of the Secretaries of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, has gone to Syria for six months' work with the American • • • Committee for Relief to the Near East. REv. ARTHUR E. HOLT, Ph. D., of Fort Worth, Texas, has accepted the call to become Social Service Secr.etary for the Educational Society of the Congregational Church. Dr. Holt is a member of the Rural Life Commi'ssion and associate editor of Rural Educator. ••• DR. B. M. TIPPI,E, President of the Methodist College for Boys in Rome, is in America after a visit to the war-devastated areas of Europe. He is also secretary of the War Emergency and Reconstruction Bureau of the Methodist Church in Europe. ••• DR. CHARI,ES HARFORD, the lounder and first Principal of Livingstone College for the medical training of foreign missionaries, has been appointed Secretary of the Church of England Temperance Society. He has done much to help regulate • • • the abuses of the liquor traffic in Africa. DR. A. C. DIXON has resigned the pastorate of the Metropolitan Tabernacle, LOIi- don, and returns to Amwica in April. He will lecture to the students of the Los • • • Angeles Bible Institute three months of the year. DR. WII,LIAM HOYT WORRELl" Professor of Arabic in the Kennedy School of Mi~sions, Hartford, Conn., has been appointed Director of the American School of Oriental Studies in Jerusalem. ••• REV. EMORY W. HUNT, D. D., former Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, has been elected President of Bucknell University at Lewisburg, Pa.

• * • MR. FRANK H. MANN, who has done important work in connection with a num- ber of evangelistic and social betterment organizations in New York City, has been elected to succeed Dr. John Fox as secretary of the American Bible So- • • • ciety. Mr. Mann is a nephew of Governor Mann of Virginia. REv. CHARI,ES R. WATSON, D. D., and DR. JOHN R. MOTT have gone to Paris to remain during the Peace Conference in order to furnish needed information in re- gard to conditions in. the Near East.

*•* REV. W. G. SHEI,!,ABEAR, D. D., the Methodist mISSIOnary, who has worked among the people of the Malay Peninsula for thirty-two years, has translated the Bible into Malay and has written a grammar and dictionary in the language, is studying Arabic at the Kennedy School of Missions in preparation for work among Mo- hammedans of Malaysia. ••• REV. FREDERICK L. FAGLEY, D. D., pastor of Plymouth Congregational Church, Cincinnati, Ohio, has been chosen Secretary of the Commission on Evangelism which is working in close cooperation with the Home Missionary and Educational Societies of the Congregational Church. ••• DR. AND MRS. FRANKLIN E. HOSKINS are again in Beirut, after a journey of 38,000 miles begun in July, 1918. Before leaving Syria three years ago, Dr. Hos- kins was told by a Turk that if they, the Turks, were ever driven out of Beirut they would leave behind nothing but smoking ruins. But General AUenby was too swift for them, and the missionaries found their homes intact.

**• R>:v. GEORG>: H. TRULL, Sunday School Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions has sailed for Palestine, with other Sunday School workers, to look into the religious education of th,? children of the Near East.

• !'fAWAli O-r-T-'– In.rerprermg Jnfa '"

Sky Pilot to the San BIas Indians The Masses and the Classes in India A MAP OF THE CONTENTS . Is Abyssima Awakening? Union Movem nts in Australia OUR VIEW Of' THE WORJ.P IN THIS NUMBER l.EADING ARTICLES AND EDITOR1ALS ARE IND1CATE.D BY TITLES Tl-I~ tlUMSER OF NEWS rrEMS ON EACH COUNTRY IS INDIC …TED IIY ARABIC NUMERAL.S

GENE~AL HEADQIJAAT'ERS

EGYPTIAN IEXPEPITIONARV FORCE.

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. APRIL,1919 NIJJOIIIB F01Jll XLII SIGNS OF THE TIMBS OHRISTWARD MOVEMENTS IN INDIA M ASS movements toward Ohristianity still continue among the lower classes in India in certain. large areas. It is of course true that there are many causes for this movement, not the least of which is the hope of these 50,000,000 outcastes that they may better their condition materially. At .the same time a tremendous opportunity is presented to lift these people Ohristward, to educate them and to show them a higher manner of life than the low moral and physical plane on which they have been living. If the Ohristian Church neglects this opportunity the movement will drift into materialism.

The outcastes have been in virtual slavery-physical, industrial mental and moral-but they constitute the backbone of the agricultural system of India and are a very valuable asset to the country. They have been asleep but now are awakening, and are feeling after freedom and enlightenment.

The demand for self-government in India is being led by the Jhigher castes, but this demand is opposed by two parties; by the :Moslems who are in the minority and fear that they may be sup- ]pressed or driven out as were the Buddhists, and by the lower ,castes and outcastes who have no relish for political domination by Brahmins. Both of these influential classes prefer to be ruled by the British.

The lower castes especially, and many of the higher castes who :have been educated in Christian schools, are beginning to realize that in Christ and his Gospel alone lies the hope of liberty, Sev- <eral hundred bhou~~11d b.!.j.v~ ,come into the Christian' churches ,241

in the past few years. The greatest problem, as has been frequent- ly said, is the education of these converts. In spme districts large numbers are awaiting teachers. The opportunity must not pass unheeded.

Rev. H. T. Vodden, a Church Missionary Society worker in Western India writ!ps: "I seem to spend most of my time and ener- gies saying 'No' to people who come for help. For the greater part of six weeks there has seldom been a moment from 7 a. m. to 7 p. m. where there has not been a queue of people awaiting their turn outside. Our Indian evangelists return from tours to tell of multitudes of earnest enquirers. Deputations come from isolated Christian communities asking for teacher evangelists. We are inundated with requests that have to be refused. Bright children cannot be given Christian schooling and must return to ignorance and virtual slavery because there are not sufficient teachers or funds to establish village schools."

The Christians in India are eager to learn and are willing to make great sacrifices to enable their children to be educated. The soil is exceedingly fertile, the harvest is ready for gathering, but the laborers are too few. '

INDIA'S PRESENT DISTRESS I F it were not for the urgent appeals from war-swept lands, all the world would be stirred by the present critical situation in India as described by Dr. R. A. Hume, chairman of the Mission Committee of Relief. He says: "War, famine and pestilence are combining to make the present season in India the most serious and distressing for a hundred years." When the strength of the people was at a very low ebb because of famine conditions, influenza swept over the country in deadly pneumonic form, carrying off thousands of bread-winners and leaving behind widows and orphans to weep and starve. Many more thousands who have recovered are weak- ened in body and unable to do their proper work." _ India supported the Allied cause in the war with large sacri- fice and sympathy. She sent a million and a half young men who) .voluntarily enlisted, and also contributed vast sums of money by gift or loan. It is hoped that Americans will not forget the terrible testing through which India is passing, and will give her sympathy.

prayers and material aid. .

HOME MISSIONS IN CHINA R ECENTLY there has developed within the Chinese Church . ~ definite eff~rt to carry the Gospel into the unreached prov- IDces of theIr country. At a personal workers' conference held last August in Kuling a managing committee was appointed which was since increased to eighty-four members, representing

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

every part of. China. Considerable publicity has been given the enterpriS€, special hymns have been prepared, mite boxes have been distributed and one worker has already. collected and sent in over $1,000. This is distinctly a Chinese movement. No Americans or Europeans are on the managing committee, though their advice is freely sought. In personnel, method· and funds it is strictly a domestic undertaking-more women than men are on the committee, an evidence of a new Na in China, where women have always been in the background.

The first efforts are to converge on Yunnan, the southwesternmost province adjoining Tibet, containing 13,000,000 people, 146,000 square miles in area, possessing great mineral wealth, and an ideal climate. The people of this province are ignorant and unevangelized, but potentially this is a strong field. .

EGYPTIANS AND THE GOSPEL CHRISTIANITY was introduced into Egypt in the first cen- tury and the Coptic Church is the historic Christian Church of the land of the Pharaohs. But that Church has a name to live and is dead–covered over by a mass of superstitions and ritual. The reason is not far to seek. The Copts have never been a Bible-reading people. Their Christianity is an hereditary faith, not a personal relationship to Jesus .Christ. Most of the Copts know more of church forms than of the teachings of Christ. Bibles in Coptic cost so much that few can afford to buy them. Hundreds of villages have no church and no religious services, and as a result many of the Copts are becoming assimilated with their more aggressive Moslem neighborS'.

The hope of Egypt is the missionary influence which is needed by Copt and Moslem alike. The outlook for evangelical Christianity is brightened by the defeat of Turkey, the political champion of Islam. Moslems are consequently face to face with a new situation and say that Allah must have decreed that Christian uations should win. Their ardor for pan-Islamism has cooled and all classes are seeking the favor of the British.

"The Christian conflict has changed in Egypt within the last decade," says Dr. S. M. ZWemer. "Formerly the arena was the Koran alid Moslem Tradition, now it is the Bible." M;oslems are abandoning- their dispnte as to the perfection of the Koran and leaders are turning to attack the Christian Scriptures. The people are more willing to converse on religious lines and are generally very ready to receive and read copies of the Bible. Many Moslem officials attend Christian services. Egypt cannot be converted by comparative religion, but only by a positive preaching of the Gospel of Christ. Says Dr. Zwemer: "There is no doubt that

in sociE!-1 reform, policy, education, and all the ideals of democracy, educated Moslems are Our allies and not our enemies. Although their efforts are spasmodic, they are not unconscious of the need for the uplifting and enlightenment of the masses. Most of them are ardent admirers of much that they consider the best in western civilization. But, alas I too few of their number are ready to help others reach the goal that they admire.

"The war has destroyed Islam as a world political po,wer. Islam stands before the world stripped of every support save its intellectual, moral and spiritual claims. Apostate ,Moslems are no longer punishable by death. We must therefore press, the issue on intellectual and moral lines, and compel decision."

AN INTERCHURCH CONFERENCE IN MEXICO A BOUT five years ago representatives of the Protestant Mis- sion Boards met in Cincinnati and agreed to divide the terri- tory and to cooperate more closely in Mexico. But the revolutions and counter-revolutions have prevented the completion of the program. Now, however, with the return of peace, the oppor- tunity to carry out these plans has come and on February 18 to 22 the same twenty representatives of ten denominational Boards of Missions met in Mexico City for a conference on the best and most expeditious way to put the final touches on the distribution of terri- tory in that republic. The Committee on Cooperation in Latin America was represented by Rev. S. G. Inman, the Secretary.

Under the terms as agreed upon, the Southern Methodists oc- cupy the border states, the Congregationalists take most of the West Coast, the Presbyterians are concentrated in the South of the republic, while the Disciples and 'Methodist Episcopal Boards take the central states. The Friends remain in the northeast, and the Baptists are somewhat widely scattered, not having agreed to all the provisions of the plan. In addition to the territorial ques- tion the Conference went fully into other matterSl30ncerned with the future of the educational and other forms of Christian work in Mexico. President Carranza welcomed the Conference and prom· ised the fullest protection for evangelical work.,' , Conditions in Mexico continue to improvearrdthe openmin,d,ed.

ness of the people parmits Christian work to be carried on in all parts of the republic, with protection and welcome for the,*,OI'kers.~'

The delegates to the Conference visited thi3Protestant work in all sections of the country, various delegates traveling through No- gales, Sonora, Sinaloa and Guadalajara, EI Paso, Chihuahua, Zaca- tecas and Aguas Calientes, Laredo, Monterey and Saltillo; Mata- , moros, Victoria, Tampico and San ,Luis Potosi, Vera Cruz, .Jalapa no aridPue~la. This travel was attended with untoward, ,iI,l(liden,t

whatever, and with a far greater degree of comfort than was anticipated. Many encouraging evidences were found of the fact that the country is slowly but surely returning to normal· conditions, socially, economically and politically. While some outlying districts are still greatly disturbed, practically all the centers exhibit stable conditions.

This is an opportune time to put into operation the cooperative program of all the Protestant missionary agencies at work in one country, and to show that the Interchurch World Movement may expect practical results in a united solution of the missionary problem.

Now also is an opportunity for the Christians of the United States to prove their real friendship and bring about a clearer understanding between the two neighboring republics.

A JAPANESE CHRISTIAN VIEW OF EUROPE WE have often read statements referring to the effect of the war on thinking peoples of Africa and Asia. Some who have heard of the conflict between so-called Christian na- tions have no doubt scoffed at Christianity. Others have had the discernment to see that the failure has been the failure to follow Christ's principles in national and international affairs. The sol- diers and laborers who have gone to Europe, from China, Japan, . India and Africa have come away with a different view of life~ sometimes better and sometimes worse than when they went from home. It would be interesting to see inside their minds, to gain their view of the, new world into which they have been thrust un- ceremoniously and the effect on them when they returned home,.

Even the changes in the character and view point of Americans has been tremendous, whether they have been pastors, Y. M. C. A.

workers. women or soldiers.

The impression made on a Japanese GeI).eral, an earnest Chris- tian, and a man of education and influence, is worthy of study.

It is a sign of the tendencies and the progress of the world from an Oriental viewpoint. When General Hibiki, of the Japanese army, passed through New York on his return from France he was asked to give his chief impressions and the conclusions reached as a result of his visit to the chief seat of conflict. His replies are in- teresting and illuminating. They were briefly as follows: 1. A firm faith in democracy and a conviction that democracy, perhaps after the British rather than the American model, because Japan is a monarchy, must be acoopted in Japan. .

2. A surprised discovery of the strength of religious faith in France.

3. A clear conviction of God in history. History is not a development of impersonal forcH nor did commercial or random influence bring America in. It was God.

4. Germany was defeated in the spirit. She was not as yet beaten materially. It was the moral ideals of the Allies which conquered the moral ideals of Germany.

5. America did not have so large an actual part in the conflict as others, but it was America which determined the victory. The scale was even, with the German side preponderating; when America was forced in, the German side of the scale shot up. America's contribution was decisive.

6. In outward appearance Russia's failure was a dark disaster. It prolonged the war and threatened the defeat of the Allies, but in. the deeper philosophy of history the hand of God is clear. It meant the overthrow of autocracy in Russia, and in Germany, and assured a new democratic age.

7. Spiritual faith throughout the world, faith in God and in spiritual forces and ideals, have been advanced by the experience of the war. 8. Belief in the Trinity has not been destroyed. The divine character and personality and teaching of Jesus have been brought out with greate·r clearness than ever.

These observations reveal the solid ground work on which Christians have to build in Japanese character. God is working out his plans in human history. The spiritual conquest is the only· one which is really important and lasting. Every nation and every individual has a great responsibility in the world-not because of great power possessed but because one, in the Hand of God, may turn the scale and one in league with the devil may bring untold . misery and disaster. The reliance on spiritual faith and spiritual forces must be emphasized and Jesus Christ must be accepted as the revealer of God and the one true hope for peace, the manifestation of love, the Way of Life.

A UNION MOVEMENT IN AUSTRALIA W RILE the missionary boards in North America are plan- ning an Inter-Church WorId !Movement, there is also a new venture in Australia that is full of promise along the lines of Christian education. The Presbyterian and Methodist churches of Queensland have united in establishing two secondary schools, a girls' high school and a boys' college under control of a joint committee.

Tlris is something new in Australia and opens the way for still closer cooperation in other lines, if not for actual organic union.

INDIA TO

A UNION of Christian students of India in America has been formed with headquarters to try to interpret the spirit and needs of the Indian peoples to those of North America. Of this Society Mr. S. Arga of Union Theological Seminary, New York, is the President. Naturally there are differing view points as to b- dian problems. For example missionaries do not agree among themselves as to the preparedness of Indian peoples for self-govern- ment, or the relation that should exist between Indian Christians and foreign missionaries. Many Indians in America are dissatisfied with most missionary addresses and missionary books on account of their attitude toward the Indian peoples. Native pride is hurt and they believe that many books and addresses misrepresent India, her character, customs and ideals. There is no doubt some truth in this. Some speakers naturally I1elate unusual incidents as if they were of common occurrence. They select and describe the picturesque' and sometimes grotesque scenes as though they were prevalent. Photographs of disagreeable, uns'anitary and immoral conditions are presented as though they were characteristic of all India. • '. ')_••• lt is natural that Indian Christians should be sensitive. They wish to present the attractive features of their country and people -its beautiful scenery and fine buildings, the intellectual acute- ness of its educated classes and the ideals and strength of many of its institutions. But it must be remembered that India is a penin- sular continent with a great variety in races, languages, customs and conditions. What is true of Brahmins is not true of outcastes, and what may be said of the Robber Caste will not describe the "sweepers." There is much that is. attractive· in India in the philos- ophy and patriotism of certain classes, but there is much also that is repulsive and degrading. The missionary purposes of the ad- dresses must be taken into account. The evils must be shown in order that the remedy may be applied.' The people as a whole are still ignorant and weak and untrained in civilized ways, and are unfit for complete self-government. Brahmins and Moslems, Jains, Parsees and outcastes do not agree among themselves.

There is much to be done in India to prepa.re the people for self- .

government and to root out degrading customs.

There is however a real need in promoting a fuller under- standing between India and Anglo-Saxon people,s, and the above 247

mentioned Union may render a great servioe if its members will be as honest and impartial and thorough in their presentation of things Indian as they wish the missionaries to be. Misrepresentations cause only friction. The spirit of Christian truth and love is needed to promote a Christian understanding and more effective service in leading India to the feet of Jesus Christ.

BIBLE READING IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS CHINA has recommended the use of the Christian Scriptures in some of the public schools of that republic, but still many of the schools in America neglect this highest source of wisdom and power. On the Bible are founded the laws and ethics and Christian faith of the civilized world. It is the most widely circulated book in the world-with over 30,000,000 copies distributed in one year-and yet millions of Americans a:ve ignorant of its teachings and neglect the reading of it.

Rev. R. R. Marquis has gathered some interesting facts about the extent to which the Bible is admitted in the schools of various states, in the majority of which no definite legislation on the subject has been enacted. In Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and Tennessee not less than ten verses, and in New Jersey neit less than five verses are required to be read at each session in the public schools. A teacher is subject to dismissal in Tlennessee for failure to comply. In Georgia, North Dakota and Oklahoma,. Bible reading is not definitely prohibited; while in New Hampshire, Connecticut, Texas, Iowa, South Dakota and Colorada the law permits the Bible to be read in schools. Nebraska allows it to be read without comment and studied as literature; Ohio and Virginia leave its use optional with the Boards of Education. Rhode Island, Delaware, West Virginia and Missouri have left Bible reading to the option of the teacher. In New York, pupils cannot be compelled to attend Bible reading. While no law demands the reading in Maine, Vermont, North and South Carolina, Florida, Arkansas and New Mexico, public sentiment does require it; and the custom is also general in ten other states. Thus it is seen that the Bible has at least the right of way in the majority of states.

In Louisiana, where Roman Catholics predominate, the law forbids Bible reading. Legal opinion in California decrees that the Bible is sectarian and sectarian teaching is barred. The Bible is also excluded by the Attorney-General in Minnesota and Washington; in Utah by the Superintendent of Education; in Arizona by statute and in Illinois by the Supreme Court.

Recently the United States Commissioner of Education has appealed to the Federal Council of the Churches for help in Americanizing the foreigners, and many who are more interested in

EDITORIAL

patriotism than in religion have come to the conclusion that the Bible, if read in the public schools, would do much to raise the national leV'el of morality. Wonderful work has been done in some schools to make children good Americans; would that as much interest might be shown in making them good Christians.· WHAT SHALL BE DONE WITH GERMAN MISSIONSY R EV. Burton St. John presents in this number of the REVIEW the problem of German missions after the war. Three atti- tudes are taken in missionary circles: First, obliterate the German element and turn work and equipment over to missionary agencies of neutral or allied countries. Second, return the mis- sions to German societies and allow them to continue their work under certain conditions. Third, judge the case of each mission separately and in general hold the German missions in trust for them until such time as it may seem best to finally decide their fate.

The fate of captured German territory and the regulations controlling German subjects and activities in allied territory must be left to the decision of allied governments. Missionaries look on the problem from the standpoint of the Kingdom of God. The influence of German missionary agencies is however, bound up and largely determined by the attitude of their representatives to the great moral questions involved in the war. It is, therefore, with special interest that we look for some disapproval of the national attitude of the German people, and a statement to show the real mind on the part of German missionaries concerning the moral issues in- volved-truth, humanity, and reliance on spiritual, as opposed to physical ideals, forces and conquests.

The attitude of the best type of German missionaries toward these questions is revealed in an article by u member of the Basel mission (Switzerland), that appeared in the Evangelisches Missions- 'ff/iI1,gazin for February. In his "Word to Anglo-Saxon mission- aries" the author says in part: "There are three requests which we would ask them (editors of missionary periodicals) to consider: (1) During the war love and truth have often been sinned against in your mission papers and mission talks, and the already imperilled ties of the missionary have been still more endangered, while surely we missionaries should be the last to lightly regard the ties of missionary fellowship. We ask that bitterness and passion may no longer prevail among those whose life, like ours, is devoted to the work of Christianity. Remember nOw your share of the responsibility for the oneness of the Church of Christ, and work toward * * * peace, toward mutual understanding, and toward mutual devotion to God, instead of toward hate, toward division Bear witness to the spirit in which your German colleagues have worked, so that the way may again be opened to them. The .eruptions of the war have left a chasm in evangelical Christianity which· is still unbridged and paralyzes

its message to the world. Only Jesus Christ, who has reconciled us with God through His suffering on the Cross, can bridge this chasm. It is we who should endeavor to smooth His way by striving for a true reconciliation in a spirit of repentance and prayer. (2) The question of the possession of the colonies which is now being discussed is not, however, an attempt to improve the condition of the natives, but is simply a matter of colonial conquest. We missionaries therefore should have no hand therein, for our calling is not world politics or the division of the spoils of war, but to carry forward the teachings of Christ. (3) It has been solemnly declared that henceforth German missionaries are not to work in British possessions, because they mould labor in a spirit of enmity. We have no power to effect the change of such a decision, although we take occasion to record a solemn protest. The German missionary in English colonies has done missionary work, not political work. We well know that you, too, have no power to change this decision, but we are disappointed to observe that you have bowed to it without protest."

The attitude of Ohristian missionaries of the allied nations to- ward their former German colleagues is one that truly calls for Christian forbearance and should be regulated by the spirit of Ohrist. There are, however, sins to be repented of and errors to be corrected, and in planning for the future, we must build on foundations that create confidence and must avoid the mistakes and sins of the past. .

IS ABYSSINIA. AWAKENING A BYSSINIA, while not a closed land like Afghanistan, is a backward nation and has been almost untouched by modern Christian missions. The Abyssinian Ohurch belongs among the Oriental Ohristian sects, and is like the Ooptic and Gregorian Churches without spiritual vitality. The members of the Ohurch are not educated Ohristians, their religion is largely a matter of forms and hereditary faith, and has no missionary purpose.

Recent reports', however, tell of a promising religious awakening in Abyssinia, and it is said that some 10,000 Moslems have been received into the State Ohurch within the last five or six years.

The center of the movement is in Sokota, in the Amhara country, where the apostle of the Ohristian movement, the ex-sheikh Zaccaria, now called Noaye Kristos, a person of great influence, is established. It is worth noting that this religious awakening is of an evangelical character. Its original cause appears to have been the work of the British and Foreign Bible Society in Abyssinia. These new Ohristians are very eager to study the Bible, and have organized from among themselves a large body of teachers, said to number about 500, with the object of teaching their youth to read the Scriptures.

EASTERN

The crOllSeS represent centers of German Missionary Eftort German· Missions After the War BY REV. BURTON ST. JOHN, NEW YORK Director o~ the Bureau of Statistics and Research, Foreign Missions Con.ference Condensed from report given at the Anmtal Foreign Missions Conference in New Haven, Connecticut, January, 1919 A T the beginning of the war there were 2,400 missionaries (in- cluding wives) in the German Missions* throughout the non- Christian world. These Missions employed 9,000 native helpers, recorded 720,000 baptized Christians, and had 240,000 registered ·With the German Missions have been included the Basel Missionary Society, which has its headquarters in Switzerland. It is made up very largely of German elements. and commoldy is included in our thought as among German Missions. Also included with these are practically a1l p.1 t}l~ )f9ravi3J1 )li_ssians in the Eastern Hemisphere.

251

in soo{)ols of all grades. The income of these societies for that year was, in round numbers, $2,250,000. These statistics in themselves are sufficient to indicate something of the extent of the missionary enterprise which was under the direction of German missionary societies.

CHARTA E.ach cross in the accompanying map marks some center of German Missions. There are two stations in Persia, a few in Asia Minor, a few in Syria, and a few in Egypt. They are scattered throughout western, southern, and eastern Africa. They may be found in India, and up on the Tibetan border. There is quite a block of them in China. In the Dutch East Indies, too, they have had very strong Missions, as well as in German New Guinea, with some work in the Caroline Islands and in Japan.

Mter peace has been established the German missionaries probably will have the same rights in Dutch territory as they have always had. It is also likely that Japan will not exclude the few missionaries now at work in that country, and that the: Missions in the Caroline Islands will not be disturbed. Probably China will put up no barriers, so that it is the most likely country to which the Germans will turn for future extension of their missionary enterprise.

Let us confine our attention to the Near East, India, New Guinea, and Africa-territories from which German Missions may be excluded for a term of years, and in which adjustments are now pending.

In the Near East there were 161 German missionaries working at the beginning of the war. The German Orient Mission had two stations in Persia, while the Kaiserwert Deaconesses, the German Aid Society, and two smaller societies had Missions in Constantinople, Asia Minor and Syria.

Coming to the East Indian Islands, we find in British Borneo two stations of the Gossner Society. In Dutch New Guinea, territory which is now in the hands of British authorities, there was a very strong work of the Rhenish and Neuendettelsau Societies. In these East Indian Islands were 106 missionaries. The work of these three Missions with three stations among aborigines in Queensland, Australia, doubtless must be provided for in some way.

CHART B In India there is a far greater problem in the work that was formerly conducted by 452 German missionaries. There are the great Gossner Mission in the northeast, the Mission· of the Schleswig-Holstein (Breklum) Society in the east, the work of the Moravians up on the Tibetan Border, the Hermannsburg and Leipzig Missions in the southeast and the extensive Missions of the THIBET BAY OF BENGAL INDIA Each cross represents a residence station of some German ~1issjonary Society. Each dot represents a residence station of some other Protestant Missionary Society.

Basel Society in the , southwest. All these large Missions have a correspondingly large number of missionaries, with a propor~ tionate number of native staff, communicants, schools, and mission industries,-in short, they have all types of missionary work. It may be taken for granted that this whole territory must be re:- arranged, as far as the German Missions are concerned.

CHART C In Africa the problem is even greater. Egypt had, the comparatively small work of the Kaiserwert Deaconesses in the north and the Sudan Pioneer Mission in the south. On the Gold Coast and in Togoland, the only Missions in existence were those of two German societies, the Basel and the North German (Bremen). Again in the northern part of the Kamerun country there w,ere the German Baptists and the Basel Missions with a single station of the Gossne'r Mission. In British and German East Mrica, par- ) AFRICA The crosses represent the principal Slarions of German Missions. The dots represent stations of nther Protestant Missions.

ticularly the latter, were eight or nine societies. From the best information available all the foregoing missionaries have boon interned or repatriated. The Miss-ions are either temporarily provided for or are quite without foreign sl!pervision.

Of course we cannot foretell what will be the action of the Peace Conference in regard to the German colonies. It is commonly believed that they will not be returned to Germany. The Governments which take over these colonies probably will not welcome an early return of the German missionaries.

Many of the German missionaries in South Africa naVie been continuing their work. The Union of South Africa is supposed to have permitted all of the Rhenish Missions in German Southwest Africa to remain without interruption, but what is to be done with these missionaries has not yet been finally determined. .At the beginning of the war, there were in Africa 1,134 missionaries of German societies. This one fact indicates something of the extent of the problem of adjustment. To get this more clearly before us, several charts concerning African Missions are appended.

CHART D-AFRICA, FOREIGN STAFF, 5,365 German-I,134 – 21% – North American-I,1n – 22% – British-1,998 • – 37% – Other-l,061 – 20% – Notice that one-fifth of the misslOnanes in Africa were of German societies. "

CHART E-AFRICA, NATIVE STAFF, 29,651 – 9% – _ =====:-____ German-2,614 BNroirtitshh-A15m,7er4i6can-3,727 — 1533%% — Other-7,564 -" 25% – The German societies show nine per cent of the native staff.

German-284,230=:====:-..____ CH.IRT F-AFRICA, BAPTIZED CHRISTIANS, 1,232,247" – 23% – BNroirtitshh-A59m2e,6ri3c9an-78,882 — 468%% — Other-276,496 – 23% – Of the Protestant baptized ChrLstwns in Africa twenty-three per cent are connected with German societi,es.

CHART G-AFRICA, ENROLLMENT IN SCHOOLS. 724.658 German—88,577 – 12% – North American-90,956 – 13% – British-330,113 – 47% – Other-215,012 – 28% – Twelve per cent of those enrolled in schools were connected with German societies.

Of all the Protestant Missions in the Continent of ~'frica, over one-fifth of the missionaries, almost one-tenth of the native staff, more than one-fifth the baptized Christians and nearly one-eighth of the pupils in schools were connected with societies of German origin. This should be sufficient to make it clear that in Africa alone is a tremendous problem.

Referring ag!J,in to the German Missions throughout the world, eliminating those Missions which will doubtless not be included in this r.eadjustment, we find 1,800 missionaries, 6,000 native helpers, 385,000 baptized Christians, and 150,000 in schools. The annual income which supported these Missions was about $1,500,000.

In other words, the foreign staff was about equal to the staff of· all Protestant Missions in Mexico, the West Indies, Central America, and South America. The native staff, the church, and the schools of German Missions in the territories where adjustments will probably be necessary, are much greater than the similar totals for Latin America.

A. COMPLEX PROBLEM " . This problem is not only gl'leat because of its size, but also it is great because of its complexity. There are numerous govern- mental problems that will have to be met. The attitude of Gov- lernments toward missionaries today is perhaps more intelligent than it ever has been before. They are looking with greater care at the work of missions. The adjustments which are planned necessarily must take into account the attitude of the Governments concerned. As to the Missions themselves, there is the element of terri- torial juxtaposition. One might jump at the conclusion that it would be very easy to settle this whole question, that the Mission in closest territorial juxtaposition should assume the responsi1?ility for the :aeld. But unfortunately the German Missions have not always placed themselves conveniently beside a society that is able to take over their work. Other things being equal, however, the Board haVing near-by work should have first claim to responsi- bility.

Doctrinal propinquity must be taken into consideration. It would be very simple for a Mission of the United Lutheran Church, for example, to take over work of one of the German Lutheran~ societies. There would be no questions of doctrine to adjust with the native Ohurch. Some of these groups include many thou";;' sands of church members and scores of well trained native leaders.

There is also the question of polity. For example, a church that in its polity is Congregational might have great difficulty in taking over the work of a church that had had an Episcopal form of government. Not to give due attention to the accustomed form of church government might lead to much confusion and disagreement.

So complex is this whole problem that it cannot be settled hur- riedly or without prayerful deliberation. Perhaps we have been thinking of this question in the terms of American societies. American societies cannot settle this question. No more can the British societies alone make the necessary adjustments. The British societies are just as much interested and just as much responsible as we are. So too are the Scandinavian societies responsible.

Not only so, but it will be necessary to take into conf,erence the Gennan s{)cieties themselves. This will not be easy, but th(l future of the whole missionary enterprise will be tempered in some measure by the Christian spirit shown in the liIettlement. The questions of property interests especially demand most careful adn;ti.nistration. Both sides must be satisiied that the final dis- .position is in every way eminently just.

Neither let anyone forget that other most important element,

GEaMAN MISSIONS AFTER THE

the native Church. Before these questions are rightly solved, it Will be necessary to confer, in the larger centers at least, with the native Church, and to know that those who take supervision in this new readjustment of work can be met by the Church in a spirit of brotherly love and hearty cooperation. , That the task is great, and that the task is complex, and that it demands the best statesmanship which can be produced is evident.

The most careful Christian consideration, on the part of Great Britain, the United States and Canada, of France, and' the Scandinavian countries and of the German societies themselves should precede each step. The desires and aspirations of the native Church should be a guiding factor. Our prayer should be that whatever adjustment shall come may be in harmony with the will of God. Then only will it be for the advancement of His Kingdom.

TABLE OF GERMAN MISSIONS Area Societies Present Condition Angola Rhenish AFRICA Work undisturbed Bechuanaland Hermannsburg Work probably undisturbed British East Leipzig Missionaries interned or repatriated. Neukirchen Greater part of the work taken over by the Africa Inland Mission.

Cape Province Berlin Some un ordained missionaries in- Moravian terned. Greater part of the work al- Rhenish lowed to continue.

Deaconesses No word concerning the present Sudan Pioneer status of Deaconess Mission or Sudan Pioneer Mission German East Berlin Missionaries of German East Africa interned or repatriated.

Scottish Missions of Nyasaland have been assisting the work East Africa Not provided for. Leipzig Not provided for.

Moravian Scottish Missions of Nyasaland have been assisting. .

Neukirchen Not provided for.

German Southwest Rhenish Work undisturbed.

Gold Coast Basel Missionaries interned or repatriated. Kameun Baptist Work taken over by the United Free Church of Scotland.

Missionaries (except two or three American citizens) interned or re- patriated. The American citizens have continued the supervision of the work.

Area Societies Present Condition Basel Missionaries interned or repatriated. Gossner Paris Society giving supervision to it.

Natal Berlin A single station, now probably aban- Hermannsburg doned.

Orange Free State Berlin Missions allowed to continue. A few unordained men have been interned. Togoland Basel Missions allowed to continue. A few Transvaal Bremen unordained men have been interned. Berlin Hermannsburg Missionaries of Togoland interned or repatriated. The one station of the Basel Mission is under the United Free Church of Scotland.

Bremen Mission with a Christian community of 10,000 by latest infor- mation was without supervision.

Missions have been allowed. to con- tinue.

ASIA China Allgemein Mission Except in Hongkong and Tsingtao the India Basel missionaries have not been forced to Japan Berlin leave.

Berlin Women Friedenshort (C. I. M.) German Alliance (C. I. M.) German Women (C. I. M.) Hildesheim Kie1 Liebenzell' (C. I. M,) Rhenish Basel Malabar work is supervised by the South India United Church. The Mahratta work in the South is under the direction of the National Mission- ary Council. The outlying stations have been taken over by several neigh- boring Missions.

Berklum Mission supervised and aided by the United Lutheran Church of America.

Gossner Mission under the supervision of the Bishop of Chota Nagpur of the Church of England.

Hermannsburg Mission aided by the Ohio Lutheran Synod of America and by the Foreign Missionary Society of the United Lutheran Church of America.

Leipzig Mission largely under the supervision of the Swedish Church Mission.

Moravian No definite word received. Probably not interrupted.

Allgemein Work not interrupted.

(Continued on Page 265)

Masses and the Classes in

BY THE REV. PRINCIPAL J. C. R. EWING, FORMAN CHRISTIAN COLLEGE, LAHORE, INDIA Address given at the Student Volunteer Conference, East Northfield, Mass.

I NDIA is not a country; it is a continent. Its people do not con- stitute a nation; they are an assemblage of peoples of diverse na- tionalities, religions, customs and ideals. It is exceedingly difficult, even for those who dwell amongst them, to form anything approaching a full appreciation of the task still awaiting the Ohristian Ohurch, within the limits of that huge peninsula. We find there one-fifth of the entire population of our entire planet. There are more people there than in the U. S. A., Canada, South America and Africa combined. The ~eat areas of the U. S. A., France and Russia taken together contain a population less than that of India, with its 315 millions of inhabitants.

We think of these as Hindus, Mohammedans, Buddhists, Christians, Sikhs, Animists and Parsees, or under a wider classification, as literate and illiterate. Of the former there are some 20 millions, of whom more than one-tenth are literate in English. This portion of the population has not only increased rapidly in numbers, but within recent years, has advanced rapidly in influence and is today asserting a claim to be regarded as the leaders of the great masses of the people. That they are truly representative of the sUent mass ma.y well be doubted, and the idea that any such relation exists is spurned as ridiculous by many. Nevertheless the fact remains that they have become the spokesmen of the multitude, and are giving direction to the sooial, political and, in some measure, the religious movements of the day. When a few years ago, Japan, in the far East gained a great victory over Russia, a mighty impulse was communicated to all of the great Eastern peoples. The idea that they must of necessity remain forever in a relation of subservience to the West disappeared for all time. In India people began to claim for themselves "a place in the sun," and to demand for themselves a part in Ute great drama of human history.

This is not the time for any discussion of those tremendous questions which have emerged there from the greatly altered conditions of modern days. It need only be declared that the peoplo are aroused to the possibilities of the future, and are filled with an ambition for themselves and for their country of a nature which could not have been anticipated, least of all by themselves. The leaders of today are men trained in the learning of the West. The initial stages of this training date no farther back than the days 259

. ~ Duff and Macaulay,. and yet it has, in a sense, already tran.Jformed thecountry,-not that it has changed materially the lives or the faith or the ideals of the great masses of the people; but it has giveu new direction to the predominant life of that portion of the population which furnishes leadership to the multitude. — The introduction of Christian ideas through the study of English literature, and especially through the agency of Christian missions, is largely responsible for present conditions.

The ethical ideas current amongst men of education, belong- ing to all the religions and societies of the land, are derived to an almost startling degree from the New Testament. But they have not been led to the full, or in most cases, even the partial acceptance of Jesus Christ as Saviour. It is true that from the time of Alexander Duff onwards, individuals, !'lome of wnom became mighty as leaders in the Christian Church, have entered the Kingdom from amongst the higher classes of the people, both Hindu and Mohammedan. Instances of such men are many, and some of them might be cited, did time allow. Nevertheless, the situation is such as justifies one in pointing to the millions of the higher classes as constituting today one of the most needy and hopeful :fields for direct missionary effort to be found in any coun- try. I It is imperative that the Gospel of Christ be given, and its adaptability to their needs be shown to men who have left behind all allegiance to the idolatry and superstitution which character- ized the attitude of their fathers, and who are in a position where they may be induced to give a thoughtful hearing to the claims of that faith which announces itself as the fullest supply for all the needs of all men.

A great advance in the work now being done by the mis- sionary schools and colleges, the Y. M. C. A. and organizations for the preparation and dissemination of Christian literature is an obvious necessity of the hour. If such advance be deferred, much of our opportunity will be forever lost. The present politi- cal crisis is also a crisis in the missionary history of the country.

A.t the present moment all existing effort avails to touch but a small proportion of the classes referred to with anything closely approaching an adequate presentation of our message. And meanwhile the people of whom we speak, are rapidly advancing to positions of influence and authority, great numbers of them having learned but little of Christianity, and that little in many cases, alas, from institutions and 9rganizations established for the purpose of counteracting the influence of the Gospel. .

For this specific task a small army of Indian, European and American recruits must somehow be enlisted. The call is for the

THE MASSES AND THE CLASSES IN INDIA

brightest and best young people of the Church. Should you enter that field you will find a sphere in the midst of those inteUectual, cultured and, in all respects, intensely interesting people, that .will make a constant and strenuous demand upon all that you are, and all that you may have acquired throughout the years of your preparation.

Such a gift from the Church to India is something that must be forthcoming soon, if the hopes entertained during the past years are not to be shattered, if the splendid opportunity of the hour is not to be ignored, and if the blessing that has been promised to a faithful Church is to be realized.

'l'he number of converts from the educated classes during recent years is, by no means, an accurate index of the results that may be expected. The leaders of a nation are being prepared for the time when they will enter the Kingdom. In spite of the loosening of the bonds of caste and the removal of much unreasoning prejudice, it is still an appalling prospect that faces the youth or man who contemplates the public profession of his faith in Christ. In exchange for his new faith he must relinquish eTerything which men commonly count dear.

He hesitates, and can you wonder .at this' He temporizes, and is lost.

Young men and women, such men and women need such men and women as you, that through your effort in teaching, guiding, sympathizing and loving they may be won to make the great sacrifice.

By way of further emphasizing India's call to you, I desire to speak briefly of that great phenomenon of modern days, known as the "Mass Movement." Time was, within themem- ory of some of us, when the low caste peoples seemed largely impervious to all attempts to reach them. Today, the sixty millions of such people constitute a sphere of transcendent interest and promise. Throughout large areas these depressed classes are moving in companies great and small toward the door of the Christian Church. The movement is so rapid and the prospects so bright, that one who has studied the situation with thoroughness was, I think, fully justified in his statement to the effect that were the Church to rise to her opportunity we might reasonably expect, within a decade, to see a body of 15 millions' membership in India. Preachers and teachers are intensely absorbed in the effort to instruct, guide and build up a Church that shall be one of spiritual life and power.

Unquestionably the movement is not exclusively a spiritual movement. In the case of some, the chief thing sought is social

advancement and escape from the practical serfdom of the past. The possibility of such escape it may be assumed is the primary influence in the case of many, but even so, however mixed the motive, the faces of many thousands have turned toward Christ; and though many in the beginning had little idea of Him toward whom they had begun to look, as they have been brought under Christian influences, large numbers of them have entered into lives of Christian knowledge and efficiency. Some of them have advanced to positions of Christian leadership, and the community as a whole is growing not only in numbers but in Christian grace and service.

Here is a €lemand for a strenuous advance upon the part of the missionary Church of the West. Year after year witnesses an increase in the great body of inquirers. 'fhese must be taught and trained for service amongst their fellows. The task of guiding them toward the point where they shall become a part of a great self-governing and self-supporting Church is one of tremendous importance, and a large share in this must necessarily be borne by men and women from the West.

You are called in God's Providence to aid against two great perils: first, the danger lest, under the pressure of the time, a great baptized community should be formed, the membership of which should remain destitute of the life and power which can come only through the knowledge of Jesus Christ, in His adaptability to the need of the lowliest and most ignorant. Second, the danger lest this wonderful opportunity pass, through our failure because of lack of laborers to welcome, receive and guide the vast multitude that is knocking at our doors. The forces of Islam are lying in wait to receive. them, if we fail to welcome them, as they come; and both Aryan and Mohammedan, are eager to draw them aside as they enter or have entered our gates, if through failure on our part to give them the fullest degree of spiritual help they are disappointed at what they find within.

In the case of these 60 millions of the lowly, we may say with all conviction, that this is the opportunity of all the centuries. I fear for the Indian Church, for this great multitude which is still without, and for the Christian Church in the West, if this time of all times for the reaping of a great harvest be allowed to pass while we. are doing less than our best.

There is a third feature in the situation in India which is likely when clearly appreciated to appeal to a very considerable number of Student Volunteers. I refer to those whose thoughts have been turned to work among the followers of Islam.

Of these there are 67 millions in India. King George of England rules over more Mohammedans than any other ruler on earth. Not long after the death of the prophet some of his followers made their way to Hindustan. Successive invasions from the Northwest were succeeded by many centuries during which the paramount influence in the land was Mohammedan. That prestige was finally overthrown at the time of the Indian Mutiny. During a long period previous to this, the great Mohammedan population had come into close' contact with the enlightening and broadening influences of the West, and since then that contact has increased and affected the bulk of the people to a degree which has produced a tremendous impression upon them.

For more than a century Western learning, Christian literature, the Christian missionary, and the Christian ruler, by his life and example, have been touching the lives and helping to form the ideals of Muslim youth. Great and fairly radical reform movements have swept large numbers of them far away from the -position of their fathers.

Of these the most noteworthy has been that which centers around the figure of Sir Sayad Ahmad of Aligarh. The Indian Muslim has come to differ widely from his brother in other lands.

This difference lies in his general breadth of culture, his greater appreciation of the views of others, and the wide-spread knowledge of Christian truth drawn from the sources 6f which mention has been made. It may, I think, be fairly claimed that there is no other country in which Mohammedans are so accessible to the M-essage of the Gospel as they are in India. The discouraging nature of work for the people of Islam is well known to us all. We know something of the self-satisfaction, the blind faith and the intense bigotry that have tested the fidelity of the Church for centuri-es. Thes·e obstacles are by no means absent from the Mohammedans of India, and yet, there seems to me good ground for the conviction that we have greater reason to expect large results in the near future from amongst the followers of the Arabian prophet, in India, than in the less enlightened lands where his faith has almost from the beginning held uninterrupted sway.

We are encouraged in t.his belief by the number and quality of accessions from Islam, especially during recent years. Some of the outstanding leaders of the Christian Church, men unsurpassed in spirituality and power are converts from Mohammedanism.

These signs of the times are full of significance, and we joyfully recognize in them the harbingers of a great movement toward Christ, and (may it not beT) the beginning of what will eventually

grow into. a mighty Christian missionary advance· into the ancient strongholds of that faith which has for so long a time withstood with such stubbornness the efforts of the Church.

. Great numbers of men, young and old, are found in India C()nfessing that for· them the orthodox tenets of their ancestral faith have little meaning. It is not any longer Islam as a religion but Islam as a symbol and reminder of the past glory of a people to which they still point with pride, that gives so large a degree of coherence to this great section of India's population.

In saying this, I would not be understood as believing that the battle has been almost won. On the contrary, we are sure that the struggle here is likely to be as protracted and fierce as that waged with the forces of ancient and modern Hinduism. But that which I would that you might gather is this, that India as a field for work amongst Mohammedans is second to none in present promise, and that it is not a wild dream which suggests that God, who in His Providence brought Mohammedanism and the Christian missionary into such close contact, under unique conditions of religious freedom for a century, has been thus preparing the way for the most effective advance of all history, into those countries where Islam still reigns supreme.

In our attempt to suggest the special needs and peculiar opportunities presented by a study of present-day conditions in the great mission field of which we speak, we have referred to great sections of the population amounting to a total or about 150 millions. But these are less than one-half of the whole. There remains a great host of Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Animists who belong to none of the classes indicated, but whom we may not ignore in our estimate of the task that lies before us. It is not to be assumed that these are inaccessible to the missionary, even though their present situation and attitude are not such as to call for special mention, in a statement which aims to suggest peculiar and urgent conditions. Many millions still live largely untouched by the influences which have almost completely transformed the lives and thoughts of their neighbors. Superstition, gross idolatry and complete satisfaction with the traditions of their fathers, characterize them as individuals and communities. Reform in religion, and in social practices is still a thing remote from their· every thought. Innumerable objects of worship make their appeal to the blind and needy heart, and receive in response the abject devo~ tion of the lives of the multitude. Adherence to caste regulation is as firmly entrenched as ever in the homes of a great proportion of the people. Many preposterous customs connected with religion and social life, upon which the educated have turned their backs, are as devotedly followed as they were a thousand years ago.

1919i THE MASSES AND THE CLASSES iN lND1A

The Pantheistic substructure of all their thinking and its curious development into the greatest system of Polytheistic practice that the world has yet seen, presents to the messenger of the Truth an obstacle the magnitude of which cannot be overestimated.

Proud of their ancient literature, and looking with lofty contempt upon a faith which they regard as a thing of today, their condition and attitude challenge our v,ery best, as we set ourselves to the work of understanding them, and their prejudices, and of learning something of the process which must take place in their thinking before they can be expected to intelligently appreciate the message which we long to have them receive.

The evangelization of India calls for haste, because of the considerations which have been mentioned. But let no one suppose that the urgency of the need is such as to justify the neglect of careful preparation on the part of those who are called. Let there be few short cuts to India. It can be evangelized speedily only through the pouring forth of our best life. We believe that we have a message, which through the might of the Spirit will prevail, and we believe that in the- very greatness of the task of presenting it there is something that comes as a mighty challenge to the deepest spirituality and the highest intellectual preparation that our country can furnish.

"And time shall come, when, like a swelling tide, The Word shall leap the barriers, and the Light Shall sweep the land; and Faith and Love and Hope Shall win for Christ this stronghold of the night."

GERMAN MISSIONS (Concluded from page 258) Area Societies Present Condition Malaysia Persia Leipzig Only one station. Doubtless discon- Turkey tinued. (Including Syria) Orient Mission probably continuing work. Australia Deaconesses Missionaries probably interned or re- German Aid patriated. No definite word received. Jerusalem Leper Asylum Syrian Orphanage O~NIA Moravian Small Missions among aborigines prob- N euendettelsau ably allowed to continue.

British Borneo Basel Missionaries interned or repatriated. No definite information received.

Caroline Islands Liebenzell Japanese authorities have allowed work to continue.

Dutch East Indies Neukirchen Work undisturbed. Rhenish Probably all work is suspended, al- German New GuineaNeuendettelsau though the most recent word is Rhenish indefinite.

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Birjand 6..,., (it ., '( o Y4 Y2 3f.. Imi. E ! I , , N+S Scale of Mile w MESHED AND ITS STRATEGIC POSITION Presbyterian Missions underlined twice; British Missions underlined once. The circle has a radius of 600 miles An American Door to Central Asia BY REV. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON, MESHED, PERSIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

M ESBED-where is it-in Arabia, Afghanistan or Morocco ~ Few, even of those interested in Christian missions, have ever heard of the place. Fewer still realize its importance in the strategy of missions in Asia. The accompanying map shows the position of Meshed on the eastern border of Persia, not far from Afghanistan. It is far removed from other centers where missionaries are working. On this map the mission stations of the Church of England are underscored with a single line and American stations with double lines.

. The missionary responsibility of other stations in Persia has extended as far as the western border of Khorasan, a province· as large as France, and having .a population of two million. This province belongs to the territory of which Meshed is the first occupied outpost. Eastern Afghanistan, when it is o~ned to foreigners, will naturally fall within the sphere of the work of the English mission stations in India, but western Afghanistan, with a population of about three million, will be a 267

logical field of expansion for the American missionary enterprise opened in Meshed. On the north, in Russian Turkestan, is a great neglected region with nearly 15,000,000 Mohamme- dans. P.robably five million of Tartars and Turkomans live within the boundary of the great circle, with a radius of six hundred miles, drawn from Meshed as a center. This field should be organized, reinforced, equipped and extended so as to reach not less than ten million people dwelling in a region four times as large as France.

Railroads (indicated by dotted lines) have already penetrated Turkestan. Some other society may occupy this great country to the north, and such an arrangement would be agreea"ble to the Presbyterian missionaries in Meshed. Were their present force increased seven-fold these missionaries would still number only one missionary for every 50,000 people, without going beyond Khorasan. ]'ive new missionaries a year for the next seven years is the conservative but probably the hest general program for expanding the work in Khorasan. If, in the next two or three years, Afghanistan should be opened, as it may be, then this rate of increase should be doubled.

The fact that the people of Afghanistan read and speak the Persian language is already giving the missionaries in Khorasan a unique advantage. Pushtu, the distinctive dialect of Afghanistan, has approximately the same relationship to Persian that Scotch or Gaelic has to English. Consequently Persian books and newspapers are widely read in that still closed land. From the American mission hospital in Meshed, in one year, 1791 copies of Scripture, most of them in the Persian language, were sold to visiting merchants from Afghanistan, a:p.d by .them were taken across the border and sold among their countrymen. The hospital at Meshed has many patients from the land of the great Mogul. At one time, and in one room, there were four hernia cases from the city of Herat.

A GREAT TASK FOR A LITTLE STATION The little mission station in Meshed, with never more than five missionaries, has undertaken to do extensive evangelistic and medical itinerating. The dotted lines on the map of Khorasan show how extensive these journeys have been. Two large cities, Tun and Tabbas, are still unvisited. They lie f·ar to the south, across the desert, in a region famous for its dates and oranges. Most of the other cities have been visited repeatedly and the people ha,ve bought hundreds of copies of Scriptures. They have shown a friendly interest in Christian preaching, and in some cases have urged the mission-

AN AMERICAN DOOR TO CENTRAL

aries "to come and stay." In Salzevar and in Nishapur particularly, substantial offers of help have been made if medical mission work could be started there. In Khorasan there are some seven cities in which stations could be started at once if the missionaries were available.

The English government has now extended a new railroad through Baluchistan, practically to the border of Persia, and has made a road for motor cars as f,ar north as Turbat-i- Haidari with the idea of extending this motor road on to Meshed. It will thus be possible for the Meshed missionaries, when equipped with light automobiles and la motor ambulance, to do much more extensive evangelistic and medical itinerating among the cities and villages along the border of Afghanistan. This will be in great contrast to the long and wearisome journey of eight hundred miles, on pack mules and running camels, made a year ago from Meshed to the terminus of the new English railroad. The journey was then made slowly, in seventytwo days, allowing opportunity for preaching and the selling of about 1,200 Scriptures in six cities and thirty-five villages.

THE SACRED CITY OF MESHED The map of the city of Meshed shows the location of the sacred shrine, the precincts of which only Mohammedans are allowed to enter. The American Presbyterian Mission Hospital was started in a rented Persian house, about ten minutes walk from the shrine area. About one hundred thousand pilgrims visit this shrine every year and more and more of them arc coming to the hospital, <both for treatment and to buy Scriptures. Fifteen thousand patients a year are treated in this hospit'al and as many as seven thousand copies of Scripture have been sold in Meshed in a single year.

While Meshed is the first great sacred city of Islam in which Christian missionary work has been eS,tablished, the opposition of fanatics has been much less noteworthy than the v.ery general appreciation shown by many thousands of the people. A striking example of this is the fact that two-thirds of the expense of the medical mission wdrk has been paid by the Persian people. , The American hospital took the lead in feeding the starving multitudes of Meshed during the recent famine. Last year when one of the missionaries, Dr. Lewis F. Esselstyn, died of typhus fever, the people said of him,"He gave his life for us." Will not the Church of Jesus Christ, wllo gave his life f,orthe people of Khorasan a:nd ifghanistan, respond to the need, of these ten millions of people who are ignorant of the Gospel and without its blessings ,

Opportunity Among

BY REV. LEMUEL CALL BARNES, D. D., NEW YORK Secretary, Department of English-speaking Missions, American Baptist Home Mission Society H OW can we at home do most for the men who are being demobilized and at the same time bring the greatest benefit to America and to all nations 1 The national government proposes a system of cooperation with State governments in what they name Soldier Settlements. This is an undertaking of profound social significance.

Food production is the basic business of civilized life. This is true not only because human existence depends upon it, but also because human character depends upon it. Food production and character production are more than concomitants, they are coefficients. The upward way of the human race from savagery to barbarism and from barbarism to civilization not only has been marked, but also has be'en, caused by the climb from the hunting to the nomadic stage and from the nomadic to the agricultural. This trend is so deep in the blood, so eternally genetic, that the best thing you can do for a boy or a man if you want to stabilize his character in its finest and most productive qualities is to put him into intimate contact with growing things. The home mission agencies should never be deflected from putting major emphasis on the complete Christianizing of agricultural settlements. Just now that is the most powerful reconstruction measure for returning soldiers. Having of necessity drilled them for months in the awful art of destruction, the most redemptive of services now is to re€lliist them in the business of production.

Another intimately spiritual aspect of the matter is the necessity for increased food production. The human family can not go on rising to higher levels without an ample supply of bread. Brains without bread are impotent. The pinch of inadequate 'nutrition is not as remote as we could wish. Years ago, that railroad statesman, James J. Hill, made the burden of his economic message in articles and books the fact that our food productIon has been nowhere near keeping pace with our growing population necessities.

Even in the United States we can no longer go on blindly ignoring that ominous fact. The war has shocked us awake. .At last' all men, not only thinking proletarians but even the most sodden theologians, have come to see that food supply is a matter of spiritual concern. We have even learned that it is preeminently 270 Christian to provide food for the whole world. Agricultural betterment is of the very substance of loyalty to Him who called Himself the Bread of Life and taught us to put as a constant element in our worship the prayer for daily bread. The Soldier Settlements summon us to make a new start in proclaiming the full gospel- and embedding religion in the very structure of whole neighborhoods.

A third consideration showing the promise of Soldier Settlements for the Kingdom of God is the fact that demobilized men naturally turn to the conquest of the land. The men of the American Revolution after winning national independence swarmed over the Appalachian Mountains for the winning of personal independence and led in the occupation of the eastern West. Before the Civil War ended, Abraham Lincoln, bred in the old West and knowing the needs of both the country and its men, signed the Homestead Act by which the new Central West was thrown open. War trained men were the foremost force in creating the mighty commonwealths between the Great Lakes and the arid zone.

Now after the Great World War, what is to be done to give similar outlet to the virile forces which come back in khaki? A few days ago I talked with a young man of active mind, who said that he and many whom he knew wanted to ge,t on farms. They had been living out of doors, doing hard physical work and bringing something to pass. The volu~tary element in the situation and its appeal to high ambition, make it fit in with the very substance of religion.

A fourth factor making the Soldier Settlement plan an unprecedented opportunity for demonstrating what Christianity can do, is the fact that such settlements are creatable only by a supreme exercise of the principle of brotherhood. Our government is preparing to create Soldier Settlements by immense cooperative projects. Tl).e old days of vast, well-watered and unoccupied areas no longer exist, where sturdy men could carve out homesteads for themselves by purely individualistic methods. Yet there is in America an abundance of fertile soil which can be made available by social action. Vast stretches of desert and of swamp have almost unbelievable depths of the richest kind of soil, still larger areas of logged-off land have abundant soil, but are occnpied with great stumps of the kind that would not rot out in two lifetimes. Immense capital, great engineering systems and organized armies of laborers are indispensable to the conquest of our still unconquered resources for the production of food and of character. One incidental advantage of the undertaking is that it will require that multitudes of our demobilized men be immediately remobilized for campaigns of- construction. One of the redeeming features of

the war has been the habit of unseliish brotherhood engendered by camp and trench and united onset. All the people cooperatively must open the unsubdued parts of our country for the returning soldiers in such a way that every man can have a fair chance to win and pay for an equipped, productive farm.

Again, the Soldier Settlements, if rightly handled, furnish a key to the entire problem of social reconstruction. It may unlock several essentials. One is the provision of adequate food and clothing at payable prices. This is essential for our congested urban populations. Only a people fed and clothed can consider questions reasonably. The burning questions of the immediate future will be answered with frantic passion if multitudes are hun- gry and cold. • Another essential is that the portion of our working population comprising the largest number of anyone kind Of manual workers be in an optimistic mood, namely, the agricultural contingent it- self, i. e., 35% of our entire population. For years rural life had been deteriorating. In our century strenuous efforts have been made by various nations and agencies, including home mission boards, for the betterment of rural conditions. Now is the time to give those manifold, maturing plans a rapid realization through the creation of the Soldier Settlements on the best lines known, start- ing them de novo, without the fearful drag of hardened habits.

Another essential of the coming kingdom of heaven on earth is the exaltation of manual occupations till they ·are seen to be divine, employing mind and will as well as muscle. Agriculture is the manual vocation most readily capable of such spiritualization. If we put the men-mill men, office men, college men-who gloriously dug the battle trenches in France, to digging irrigation trenches in Arizona and drainage ditches in Louisiana, then to turning the swamps and deserts into model farmstead communities for them- selves and their loved ones, we can do more in the sight of the whole world, as well as in the sight of God, during the next ten years than in one hundred years under ordinary conditions..

It is hardly needful to add that the proposed Soldier Settle- ments provide not only an opportunity, but Without question an im- perious call, for inter-church cooperation. The governrilent does not prohibit the free exercise of religion by any individual· or group of individuals. At the same time, if the denominations al- low themselves to be drawn into the expenditure of the sacred funds given for the extension of Christ's Kingdom on earth, into mere competitive, sectarian rivalries, they have committed treason to a holy trust and will be condemned. Here is the opportunity for us. to say at the creative hour of new communities: Cooperation is the law of Christ. . If any two or three inhabitants of a Soldier

CHRISTIAN OPPORTUNITY AMONG SOLDIERS

Settlement want to have a church of their own and support it themselves, it is nobody's business but theirs and God's. But. if they should call upon home mission agencies to support them with missionary money the responsibility would be transferred to the Boards and they would have to answer for the misappropriation of funds if they used money for such a purpose.

It is impossible as yet to tell how large a task is laid upon home mission agencies by the proposed Soldier Settlements. But enough is ascertained to suggest immediate dimensions. After subtracting the areas now improved and the other vast areas which are unavailable for agriculture, we have 372 million acres of unimproved land which can be brought under cultivation. In order not to be staggered by the magnitude of the problem let us say that only one-tenth of that area, or 37 millions acres, are likely to be subdued in the immediate future even by the demobilized army. In some of the irrigated tracts 10 acres are enough for a family, 40 acres are enough in a large number of cases. But suppose that the average is to be 100 acres, a large allowance for the new intensive farming. That would mean 370,000 new farms. How many new churches will that require? The majority of the new settlement churches in the past have begun with less than 25 constituent families. But assume four times that manv for the new non-competitive order,L e., one hundred families to' a church a~d six families on each square mile. With the church at the center several of the one hundred families would be four miles away. These conservative figures show the necessity for 3,700 n~w churches in the next few years.

But the number of churches is not the main thing. They must be of a new type. Even if they were confined to the old lines of church life, the churches for our men from France would have to be of a commanding strength which few frontier churches had in former times and they must have a corresponding outlay for workers and equipment. Can we serve the men who have saved the world with the aid of manifold new instrumentalities. and not give them the best that the Spirit of God has given us iIi ideals, methods and equipment for embodying the whole round of religion 7 The one-celled meeting-house of the old frontier and the singlebarrel shotgun preacher will not do for the men who have learned to cope successfully with the magnificent equipment of the world 'f! greatest military forces.

No one can look into the opportunity of the churches in connection with the Soldier Settlements without being oonvinced that it is an opportunity of the first magnitUde.

and Its Savor in China-II

Do the Chinese Make Good Christians'

BY REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT, TSING TAU, CHINA Author of "China From Within"

O NE of the most appalling things that the itinerant missionary sees is the enactment of the "ma kiei" (the reviling of the Street). Usually it is done by a woman, who, cowed and dishonored, has endured abuse till she rebels-breaks like a whelming flood against a dam. Wild and frenzied, she rushes out into the street there in the presence of the neighbors fast-gathering for the spectacle to relieve her mind of one awful typhoon of vituperation; and, because heathenism has no gods worth cursing by, she likens the object of her wrath to all the lower orders of creation, big and little, four footed and two, quadrupeds and vermin. With her locks dishevelled, and tearing her clothes, her arms waving in frantic energy, and beating her breast, she reviles all the ghosts of her husband's ancestors and all his posterity to the nth generation. She curses every home on the stJ:eet, up one side and down ·the other-until she falls, frothing, often a physical wreck for life, or permanently blind as a result, or with a blood vessel broken.

I arrived late on Saturday night to worship over Sabbath in the home of a single Christian of the village. He was a fine old man, mellowed by sorrow and trial, and an elder. A cunning scheme was worked out by the village to humiliate him in the presence of the foreign "Shepherd." Newly dug peanuts were sunning on the threshing floor of a next door neighbor. A man sauntered up and -began to accuse the elder's wife, who was a heathen, of stealing several peanuts off that floor. As he taunted and vociferated, accomplices joined him; the din of shouting and recrimination increased in fury until the young bucks had the old 'woman wild in uncontrollpd and uncontrollable rage. Her raving was perfectly awful to see and hear. Before its climax was reached the whole village apparently had asspmbled, the narrow street was jammed with an excitpd crowd, gesticulating and commenting on the spectacle, common enough, but interesting now because of the foreigner. And as she collapsed the gang of heartless mischief-makers, leering, moved nearer her house and shouted into the gray-bearded elder: "This is the self-control and love of the er-kwei-tsi kia! This is the power of thp Jesus Doctrine!"

But the power of it they never knew. They thought he was a coward, afraid to come out and .become a part of the new flow of inflamed filth. But inside, he. was on his knees, and pouring out his soul to God for strength to love them and show them a good example.

274 Many members of the Catholic Church in China are village roughs and bullies who had grudges to pay; they are also law-suit promoters, who seek power and prestige before the magistrate in pressing cases backed by priests of the Roman hierarchy. Many of the members are unregenerates who, appearing for examination be- fore Protestant missionaries, were, recommended to more study; and, in pique at what is termed "loss of face," in not being received at once into church membership, they hastily offered themselves to the priest. I have examined a number, who did not know who Mary is, or even who is Jesus. But such were speedily baptized by the priest and entered at once upon interesting careers of zeal for the Church, which took the form of harassing Protestant Christians.

Repeatedly with clubs they have broken up our religious serv- ices; once, with guns, one of which was accidentally discharged by a rowdy into the arm of a pal, thereby causing the gang to accuse vf attempted murder a mild and innocent worshipper in that service.

He was in prison six months before the truth of his innocence leaked oot. '

Where they dared, their policy has been to terrorize humble, inoffensive folk. A poor woman whose husband had died and who was childless, was the only Protestant Christian in a village of one of our churches, where twenty families had suddenly become Catho- lics in order to successfully push a law-suit against a rival clan.

They threw all her chickens into her well, and committed a series of like outrages-petty to us, but great to her. In answer to her request to know wherein she had offended them they wrote: "Noth- ing, but we want you to know that we ar,e 'Ii hai' (fierce) and you had better clear out!" She did, leaving her small property to her spoilers.

Ill.. another village a gang of Catholics had sought to drive out a single Protestant family, burning their harvested wheat and their house, and lighting fires under their plow-ox.

The magistrate in a County near Tsingtau was in bondage of fear to foreign priests there. He did whatever they demanded.

They entered upon a systematic plan to use this official and their own rowdies to frighten our Christians either into recanting and joining their ranks, or else into moving out of certain desirable vil- lages. Our services were repeatedly broken up, the leaders carried off to the yamen, where they were imprisoned and bambooed and repeatedly tortured by the yarnen henchmen for blackmail.

Well do these Christian know that as Paul said: "Through tribulation they enter in.to the Kingdom of God."

Yes, these Christians endure, and without repining. A mis- sionary friend cites the case of Han Wu. Waylaid outside the village by his heathen neighbors, he was beaten until insensible and left there to die. Kind' Christian friends, hearing of the outrage,

took him up, and as they were tenderly laying him down on his brick bed, one of them asked: "Are you suffering much, Brother HanY" "Nothing like my Lord suffered for me." From the beginning the most powerful and fiercest enemies of Christianity in China have been the officials. To the national antipathy towards a strange religion coming in to usurp the place of the 91d, has been added the knowledge of foreign aggressions, the forcing of leases and concessions by their Governments, and the political indiscretions of the Roman Catholic priests. They have usually felt that, in the language of one official: "Christians are roughnecks, who need shaving with the heavy razor" (the headsman's sword).

Even Li Hung Chang could say: "I hated the foreign religion more violently than all other scourges in the world: and I prayed and hoped that not alone would the Taipings be destroyed, but that earthquakes, eruptions of mountains, and terrible fevers would make the Christian nations without a man, a woman, or a child."

A great Viceroy wrote: "Christians are rats of disease caught from the leprous missionaries of Canton; and they would run into all the holes of the centre and north and spread their vile malady. The lingering death of a thousand slices should be applied to. all those who have countenanced this foreign doctrine. If my own arms were not so lame during this season from rheumatism and other ailments of the blood, nothing could please me better than to take a place as executioner of the vermin."

Apart from the fact that Christianity was for them a troublebre~der, it has seemed utterly absurd to the Confucian Literati and officials of China. As Li Hung Chang put it: "It is a part of the Christian teaching that the "Heaven-Father" let his son come on earth and die for wicked people. Such teaching I If they would say he came and died for the good people, it would sound sensible, even though the rest of their doctrines are too absurd for a man with brains to give a serious thought to. If the gods are good and want men to be good, will they allow members of. their families to be killed like criminals for the sake of criminals? It has been long intimated that most of those foreign devils are .crazy, and I am beginning to believe it. But it is strange that they ehould be able to draw any of our people away from the old religion and old philosophy. I cannot understand how it is,. but I am sure this crazy fad will die out."

The officials have had numberless methods and opportunities to try in the dark, and without fear of exposure, to make it "die out." The authority of each magistrate in his district is practically absolute; and no Christian who would be brought before him would think of being so rash as to oppose his will.

SALT AND ITS SAVOR IN CHINA

Often the persecution by fellow-villagers is intimately bound up with that by officials, because the latter can so powerfully abet and crushingly complete what neighbors have begun. For instance, in the case of refusal on the part of one of our Christians to pay a share or subscription towards a temple show, a subscription eCKorbitant and arbitrarily assessed him,-which he would have repudiated, even had it been smaller-the village elders sued him before the magistrate, who made him pay heavily and had his feet bam- booed for good measure. These unfair discriminations €CKtend from the most trivial affairs to the most serious. The young son of one of our Christians cut grass over the boundary line of his neighbor'S patch-by accident, he claimed. The regula~ fine for such transgressing was five tiao; but the village elders fined him ten. Immediately afterward two heathen were caught in the same misdemeanor, and they were not fined at all.

In one village, a heathen stole twenty-five tiao from a Christian. The amount of money, the time, and the place and culprit were all known to the official; but because the robbed was a Christian, he would do nothing.

"In another village we had two families wretchedly poor, whose men needed all their time to earn food. The roads were kept up well there, because they were in German territory. The Chinese road-master so alIated the work, as to make the heads of these poverty-stricken families work greatly over time on the roads. By an equitable arrangement their share of road-taCK, worked out in time, would have been a couple of weeks. They were made to do the portion of several heathen families-who escaped with no service and were not required to pay for substitutes.

In still another village some of our members started a Christian school j the magistrate would not start an official school there, yet he fined and punished them because they started a better one than his would have been.

More serious cases frequently occur. Roughs of a certain village organized themselves into a "Rei Yie Rui" (Black Night Society) . Disfiguring and breaking the smaller idols of the village temple, they strewed them, armless, headless, around the temple yard; also threw the larger ones on their noses in the dirt. They then went to the county official and accused a fellow-villager, a Christian, of being guilty of the sacrilege. Wh~reupon the Christian who-mark it-was well-to-do, was ordered to pay all costs of the law-suit, and a fine of 500 tiao, (which probably went into the mandarin's pocket) ; he was also ordered to repair the temple, and bear the expense of bringing a troupe of travelling players to the village'.

This sort of procedure is called by the Christians "rubbing in the salt, H in referenceto an ancient custom still extant in the yamen

of not only bambooing an innocent man, but also rubbing salt into the raw and lacerated flesh.

Incidentally, the officials understand perfectly their legal right to deal with Chinese subjects'· as they please-which right they usually exercise despotically, and practically there is no appeal. Since the establishment of the Republic the Ohinese are instructed no longer to "ka tou" before a magistrate. On the 27th of October, 1913, one of our Christians was hauled on a false charge before the Oounty official, who ordered him to "ka tou." He refused. And as he stood and bowed, he said: "I prostrate myself only to Jesus Christ, My heavenly Master!" For his temerity he was imprisoned and bambooed 400 strokes.

Moreover the magistrates can now with better face than formerly resent interference from foreigriers. Such interference often results in more pressure being brought to bear upon the persecuted and those close to him. Realizing the unwisdom of meddling in yamen processes, the policy long ago adopted by Protestant missionaries-hard as it has sometimes seemed to the Christians,-has been that of concentrating their efforts on praying with and for the unfortunates, and on instructing them in the Scripture attitude, and in exhorting them to endure hardness as good soldiers of Jesus Christ.

Recently there has been much persecution by soldiers. During the Revolution the situation in Shantung Province was peculiar. Fourteen or fifteen of the provinces to the south were practically solid for the Republic. Shantung Province and those to the northward were filled wih Yuan-Shi Kai's German-trained Manchu Regulars. Not only was there little chance for the R~publicans to gain much foothold in Shantung, but the Manchu troops in small bands infested the country sides, dominating the villages and markettowns. The soldiers, in these small bands, removed from the eyes of their superiors, raided and looted and burned and raped without let or hindrance. The Christians were often the especial objects of their violence. Their voice was not to be heard, even had the authorities been willing to listen to such "trivial" matters.

. A certain general with his troops was qu~rtered in one of the walled cities of our field. I visited him and politely called his at_ tention to the fact that even our little school-boys, assuredly innocent of crime, were, at that moment, contrary to a proclamation guaranteeing religious liberty, manacled in a low, filthy den inside the yamen. He smiled incredulity. I knew, for I had earlier visited them in there. Some of their mothers were distracted with grief; sick from fear for their boys. His reply was: "We are after only the "tu fei" (ie. robbers). And all outrages, purposedly and definitely committed against Christians, as Christians, were explained away on that ground.

It was a sight to see Christians brought into and through a town tied to the tails of horses; to see a band of troopers dash up to a railway station, and on signal enter the train and haul out a man and execute him on the spot; to see headless trunks hanging outside city gates, and the heads in the moats nosed around by starving curs.

Those who read the vernacular papers in China, or are in touch with the foreign journals, cannot fail to be impressed with the con- dition of chronic anarchy and terrorism, due to organized bands of bandits, that obtains extensively in some section or another all the time in China. The names of many of these societies and bands are significant–names like "Black Tiger Society," or "Strong Ox Society"-suggesting their object which is to oppose Western learning and Christianity-all of which are rendering the classics, their use and teachings, obsolete. To this end they makl" a speciality of harrying and persecuting Christians. Many a country side has in the last year been terrorized by such proclamations as the following posted June 4, 1913. !'Black Tiger Faithful Right- eousness Society, Proclamation: .

"Because of the Government's persecution of the people this Society has twice during the last year fought against Sienyu and has won, but there is a class of people who are destroying the idols and the ancestors, and are therefore in constant opposition to our society. Our society has now collected a large number of men and will first destroy this class of people, and then will cross swords with the Government.

"Be it known to all people of this religion, that if I make a night attack anywhere, and you separate yourselves from this class of people, you will escape all injury. Stand aside and watch. If you do not do this, it will be difficult to distinguish one from the other, and all will be destroyed. I therefore issue this proclamation that all may know."

In other places, the robbers took all supplies of live stock and grain, and not only killed women and children, but took Christian men, and put them in the front line of fights, to draw the fire of soldiers; if these conscripted and unwilling fighters tried to flee, they were shot by their captors.

But there is a persecution that, in extent and sustained intensity, exceeds all the foregoing: It is the Hidden Horror of Heathenism.

It is called by the Christians "Burying alive." It refers to the treatment of Christian daughters-in-law, in the families of lieathen mothers-in-law.

A baby girl, while her parents were yet heathen, has been be- trothed into a heathen family. In the course of time her parents became Christians; she was given a chance at school, and grows up, trained and winsome, with the laudable ambition to make her own

home a real Christian home. But her parents dare not break the cont~act; and she is tied for life to a peasant boor-uneducated, unsympathetic, coarse and brutal. Until he lifts the heavy veil cloth, following the marriage ceremony, he has never seen her; possibly is considerably younger, perhaps at marriage is still a boy. For the Christian bride it is a living death-the steady, relentless pressure, glacier-like, of nagging and contumely. The young wife is supposed to have swallowed a "magic Jesus Doctrine pill," and the only way to get it out is to work it ,out. This the family set themselves, through heaping drudgery and abuse upon her, to do. All the members have a hand in the process, even the younger female relatives.

A woman, converted in one of 'the meetings I was conducting, confessed there with agonized weeping that for ten years she had made life as nearly unendurable as possible for her oldest sisterin-law, one of our best Bible-women.

A charming Yo.ung woman in one of our churches,-an unusually good teacher she was,-on her marriage was repeatedly threatened by her husband. Daily bran~i'shing a knife before her, he daily vowed that he would cut out her heart, if she did not recant. Finally, because of her religion, he divorced her-putting her into an unspeakably disgraceful and helpless condition for a woman in China; Humanly speaking, it would seem as if the lamp of faith of these girls:..-unbefriended, abused) hated,-could only feebly flicker, to be ultimately snuffed out. Few other situations so remind one of a ,doomed man, caught in quicksand and inexorably sucked down, slowly sinking out of sight-and yet these women rarely go under.

Ultimately these testimonies induce profound respect for the individuals and for their faith. Officials, though persecuting, are favorably impressed. There have been school-boys, who, alone out of many schools in their city, when parading and ordered to enter the temple of Confucius, and, along with their Government School fellows, worship the image of the Sage, refused to obey the magistrate's command. They expected to be bambooed for their courage. Instead they were presented by the magistrate whom they defied with a silken banner in tribute to their courageous adherence to convictions.

To endure persecution for righteousness ' sake and to reward good for evil, is, as a principle and as a phenomenon, strange to heathenism. And, while the heathen do not understand the reason for this' attitude, they yet respect it. It was this attitude that, during Boxer days, caused tormentors to cut out the hearts of martyrs in order to look for the secret of martyr-courage. It is that which today has caused officials to say to our Christians: "We know no Gods who are worth suffering for!" Ah, but our Christians have answered, "We know One for Whom we would gladly diel"

Coope, Sky Pilot to San BIas

BY MISS BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY,'NEW YORK Author of "Holding The Ropes," "Love Stories of Great Missionaries," Etc, A NNACOOPE is a heroic missionary, whose dauntless courage is akin to that of Mary Slessor. She worked in obscurity until the Latin American Conference at Panama in 1916 revealed her to the Christian world. Among the San BIas Indians on an island off the coast of the Republic of Panama, "Miss Coope swept in like a sea breeze," said Robert E. Speer in quoting from one of her addresses, and James H. McLean was so impressed with what God had done through this one woman, that he appended a brief sketch of her life to his text-book, "The Living Christ in Latin America."

Anna Coope was born on May 31, 1864, at Bolton in Lancashire, England. She was the firstborn of her parents but received scant welcome because she was not a hoy! Like David Livingstone and Mary Slessor she was early put to work at the loom and like them, she had an insatiate appetite for reading and study.

She did not come from a Christian home. Her mother cared little for religion and her father, though he had been brought up by a godly mother who prayed much for her children, was bitterly opposed to Christianity. Nevertheless Anna early became a seeker after God and a worker for Him. When she definitely accepted Jesus as her Saviour, at the age of seventeen, her father frequently threatened to turn her out of doors. Many a night when she was at church he locked the door and dared her mother to open it. But the mother always crept down and let the daughter in, thereby calling down a storm of wrath upon her head. Yet the girl loved her father and prayed for him, feeling sure that some day he would be saved.

Miss Coope's interest in missions began at the age of seven or eight. On one of those rare occasions when her father reluctantly allowed her to go to Sunday-school with a little neighbor girl, she heard a lady tell about the children of India who knew nothing of Jesus and His love for little children. "Why doesn't somebody go to tell them1" she asked. "I would go jf I were big enough. When I get big I will go! "

"From that day," she says, "I was marked for a missionary to the Indians somewhere. Hencefor1;h that was my star, my *Anna Coope; Sky Pilot of the San BIas Indians. An autobiography. With map and illustrations from the author's photographs. 12mo, cloth. 180 pages. $1.25 net. American Tract Society, New York.

281

goal. " This purpose was further developed by a little magazine, "The Life and Explorations of David Livingstone," to which her father subscribed later on. "He read it because he was interest- ed in the exploration scheme," she says. "But I read it because David Livingstone preached .Jesus to the poor Africans. What did I care about the source of the Nile T I wanted to find the source of salvation! Livingstone became my hero and I deter- mined that I would be a missionary after I had fonnd out how I could myself be saved."

The purpose to be a missionary, however, did not come to full fruition until after she had removed to America with her parents and was settled in the little town of Edgewood, Rhode Island. Here in a small Adventist church where she had found spiritual food and fellowship, she heard missionaries returning from the W!Olst Indies speak from time to time. They invariably spoke of the great need of more workers and this at last proved to be her call.

These missionarips had gone out on the faith plan without salaries guaranteed by a Board and she had read the lif~ of George Miiller of Bristol and had been depply impresspd by it. So she decided to be a faith missionary and trust God for sup- port. Accordingly, after waiting patiently upon God to know His will in the matter, she announced in church one evening that she felt called to be a missionary to the West Indies and was going by the first boat she could catch' She had no idea what this would cost, nor d;d she stop to inquire. When ask(ld where the money was coming from she simply answered, "From God. He has called me to go and will pay all expenses."

The very next Sunday a working girl of the church put five dollars into her hand saying that she wished to share in the blessing. And that same day at the evening service, one of the deacons announced that he would be responsible for "our sister Anna's expenses to the West Indies."

Thus it has been ever since. Every need has been -met, every want supplied as promptly as in the days of the prophets and the apostles. Never once has God failed her. "I do not talk about my needs," she says "I never need to. I am to be about my Father's business and He Himself takes care of me. 'I'm the child of a King' and no bpggar. My Father can speak for me better than I can for -myself, so I always let Him do it."

On October 2, 1897, she sailed from New York with a party of missionaries bound for the West Indies and stopped with them at various islands holding meetings and distributing tracts. At a conference of workers held in the Barbadoes in January, 1898, she heard a young woman from Bolivar, Venezuela, tell of a tribe of degraded Indians on the banks of the Orinoco who had no mis-

ANNA COOPE, SKY PILOT TO SAN BLAS INDIANS

sionary and wanted one. This appealed to her, and after waiting upon God, she decided to go there. But the way did not open at once and in the summer of 1900 she was called home by the ser- ious illness of her mother.

She found her mother nigh unto death and still without hope in Christ Jesus. It seemed too late, but Anna Coope prayed to God pleadeq. with her mother, and two weeks later she accepted salvation through Jesus. It was a time of rejoicing, and during the three weeKs that the mother still tarried on earth, she preached Christ to all who came to her bedside..

Her death laid upon Anna Coope a new duty-the care of her father who was now past seventy. For six years they lived comfortably together in their little home, she taking up her old trade of weaving linen to pay expenses. The old man was as bitter as ever against religion, until he was laid low by a paralytic stroke. Then one morning before daybreak, he suddenly said, "Anna, get your Bible and teach me the way to heaven!" Gladly ~he did so and within an hour this hardened old sinner of seventy- eight had accepted Christ as his Saviour. Thus were answered the many prayers, not only of his daughter, but of his godly old mother as well.

Though it was only four 0 'clock in the morning, the daughter, in a wild delirium of joy. at once sat down to write the news to her friends, among them a preacher in the West Indies who had insisted that she ought to put her father in a home for the aged and l"eturn to her work. "I told him," she says, "that though this man was my father, I knew he was a great sinner, and that I felt that God had given me this heathen at home to convert before I could go to the Indians; and that if I wanted God's blessing I must do the duty that lay right before me."

At eight that same morning, the old man began to preach Christ to his nearest neighbor, and during the nine days of life that remained, he lost no opportunity of telling how Jesus had saved him.

His death left his daughter free to go in search of the In- dians on the Orinoco and within a month she had sold the little home and all its contents. Part of the proceeds she sent to India and Japan to work where she could not go in person. Then in November, 1907, she sailed again for the West Indies. The way was blocked to Venezuela, but hearing through a colporteur of a chief on the Orinoco who had bOllght a Spanish Bible and wanted 11. teacher she was the more determined to go. Presently the way cleared and accompanied by three colored girls, she began the long-talked of journey. .

The voyage up the river proved perilous and trying. But her courage did not fail. God had said l{ Go," and she went trusting

Him to take care of her. As she went she preached Christ, rarely to crowds but constantly to individuals-rough boatman, Spanish traders under the influence of liquor, and heathen Indians who had never even heard the name of Jesus. And, unpromising though the material seemed, God gave her souls for her hire.

But her faith and courage were often tested. One night when obliged to sleep on the sandy bank of the river, she was awakened by the excited twittering of the birds in the bushes nearby. Almost immediately a great black and yellow snake came gliding by. It was quickly dispatched by one of the boatmen, but her terrified girls insisted that its mate would soon come in search of it. "What if it does?" she cried. "The birds will notify us. God has ,evidently set special guardians around us."

Another night when she was preparing to sleep in an uninhabited adobe house, she found that the palm-thatched roof was alive with spiders, bats and whip-snakes! At first she hesitated, but being assured that these things were not dangerous, she spread her cot and slept all night without harm.

No:r was she afraid of savage men. One mght when she had played on her little folding organ and sung until she was hoarse for a fascinated crowd of some 150 wild Indians who would not go home, she lay down on her cot without undressing and was soon fast asleep. Opening herey;es at daybreak she found them still there, as motionless as wooden images! They had been there all night and her girls had not slept at all fearing lest they kill her and scalp them.

"Where is your faith?" she cried. "We are on business for the King and has He not promised to take care of us 7 Don't you see how He has guarded us every step of the way? He has protected us from snakes and all things hurtful and now has let these men stand guard over us all night to protect us from we know not what danger."

At the village of San Isidro she found the tribe she was seeking. They welcomed her kindly, but the chief was very ill and told her she had come too late. He was apparently dying and she was overcome with grief. But a great wave of faith filled her heart and she besought God to let the chief live in order that his soul might be saved. Almost immediately he began to improve. A few days later he came to see her in her tent and that same day accepted Jesus as his Saviour. But, alas! after four months' consistent living, he "went to be with Jesus" and her work there was brought to a close. According to the custom of the Indians, they burned many of their huts and went to the mountains where they would remain scattered until a new chief was appointed. She begged to go with them, but they were not willing. But they

191'9] CHRISTMAS IN THE SLUMS OF TOKYO

thanked her. for coming to tell them of Jesus and promised not to forget.

From Isidro Miss Coope Wlent to Bolivar City where she found a package of mail. Through a clipping in one of the letters she was led to go to Colon in the Republic of Panama where she heard of a group of San Blas Indians who were asking for a woman missionary to teach them. This proved to be her call to permanent work, and after some delay she went to settle among them.

Alone and unaided she entered upon the work of transforming a tribe of some 800 Redmen among whom the forces of Rome and rum had been working ruin. There was much opposition at first and the story of her adventures in the launch in which she made her first trip to her field is one of the most exciting in the literature of missions. More than once her life was in danger, but through God she won the day. By and by the opposition ceased and she was left sole master of the field. She has really done a great work for these Indians. Though she is preeminently a soul winner, she is not unmindful of the material needs of her people.

"They tell me," she said at the Latin American Conference, "that I have no results because I am working for the souls of these Indians-no economic and social results. But when I came to my island there were no roads, only paths where the Indians walked duck fashion. Now there are wide roads crossing the island in both directions where they can walk twelve men abreast. Then there were eight saloons, now there are none."

Her autobiography is a gold mine of stories. Among them is that famous one that has been going the rounds of the religious press (without giving her name or station) of the parrot that came to school and learned to sing "Onward, Christian Soldiers" so quickly that it helped to spur the children on.

Christmas in the Slums of Tokyo BY REV. WILLIAM J. HUTCHINS Professor Hutchins is giving Bible addresses in China and India while on a tour of the mission fields of Asia with Dr. George Sherwood Eddy.

-Editor.

W E t:eached the Japanese capital on Christmas afternoon. Merle Davis, the honorary secretary· of the Y. M. C. A., guided us in an automobile through miles of muddy streets. The cold penetrated our heaviest winter clothing, and yet the shops were almost all opened to. the weather. The merchants crouched over their hibachis, or charcoal braziers, try-

ing to keep warm. Boys and women with feet absolutely bare walked .on their clogs, pitiably uncomfortable. We stopped at a charming little street of toy shops which served as the approach to the great temple of the goddess Kwannon. As we passed under the temple gate-way, we came into the more sacred enclosure, in which all day long merchants and money changers, sellers of pigeons and of little images of the goddess ply their trade. The temple, alas, was closed for the day, so that we did not see the image, whose body has been largely rubbed away by devotees who have touched that portion of the body which in them is suffering pain.

We were then driven to a slum which few foreigners ever see. The main streets were wide, there were no sidewalks, and the mud flowed right up to the little open shops. Leaving our car, we struck into a lane perhaps six feet wide-one mass of sloppy mud, in which one's rubbers slipp'ed off, failing (as Christian Science fails) just at the crisis when needed. Here and there were dim lights, by which we worked our way into a still narrower lane, and struck a section than which there is nothing more deplorable in Tokyo. On both sides of a muddy path were tenements, each consisting of one room, separated from each other by paper, walled in front and back by paper panels. Each room was six by nine feet. Beneath was stenchful water. Here was a middle aged man, lying under a blanket, while his boy, getting under the blanket at the man's feet, crouched over for warmth. In another room sitting over the brazier, which smoked horribly, were a man and woman, and a baby crying quietly. Next was a room of the same size, in which an old man, with long gray ,beard, sat like a Buddha. He was blind. His wife met us with a bow to the ground, and with a gracious smile which would have befitted a queen. There was a little baby in a box, a god-shelf above the door. These people have two children at work, who return to sleep in . the same pitiable little room. Davis reminded the woman that it was Christmas, and gave her a little present, and the gentle grace with which she received it broke one's heart. It is now some 1900 years ago that the mother of our Lord suffered for such women. Above· one of the worst of these houses was a tiny roof garden, a last pathetic struggle for the beauty of the world.

We passed through a covered way, on the one side a cesspool and toilet, on the other side the communal kitchen. In wet weather the sewage drifts into the kitchen. We were now in a tunnel tenement. On either side of a roofed lane were tiny rooms. In one of these rooms, kept with exquisite care, were a father and

HOW TURKS CONDUCT AN

mother, one half blind child and several other children. Everywhere Davis was greeted with rare and beautiful courtesy, which his own kind heart well deserved. Fifteen thousand people in Tokyo, we were told, live in misery like this.

We then were driven to a slum of a better sort. This was the lodging house section for the factory workers. We looked down street after street, lined with houses, in each of which we could see stall-like rooms, in which from one to six workmen would lodge. Many of these "hands" come from the country, spend a couple of years in the city, and often return to the country, demoralized and physically ruined. In all this worst section, with its nearly a million people, there is, up to date, no resident missionary.

It was good to get back to a Christian home that night, to see the children about the Christmas tree, and to know that one day a Christian Christmas might come to this, the greatest city of Asia.

How Turks Conduct an Orphanage 'ANTOURA: THE SHELTER OF A THOUSAND TRAGEDIES BY MAJOR STEPHEN TROWBRIDGE American Red Cross Commission to Syria and Palestine I T may surprise many to know that the Turks conducted an or- phanage for Armenian and Kurdish children during the war. In the village of 'Antoura, in a beautiful valley of the Lebanon, twelve miles north of Beirut, an officially appointed Commission of the Young Turks gathered during the second and third years of the war nearly two thousand Armenian and Kurdish orphans. But what a vast difference there was between this institution and those conducted under Christian auspices. The commission subjected the children to a rigid system of training in the Turkish language, Turkish history, and the Mohammedan religion. Every vestige and as far as possible every memory, of the children's religious and racial inheritance was done away with. Turkish names were assigned and the children were compelled to undergo the rites prescribed by Islamic law and tradition. The girls were being trained in "Ottoman Kultur" in preparation for the harems of Turkish officers and notables. The boys were bea.ng trained as servants in the Army or Government.

Not a word of Armenian or Kurdish was allowed to be spoken by the children. Turkish ideas and customs were impressed upon the lives of the children, and they were taught the reasons contributing to the glory of Ottoman arms and the prestige of the Turkish race. Whenever a German or Turkish officer visited the orphanage the children must form a hollow square and shout: "Long

life to our King! (the Sultan) Long life to Germany!" The children were drilled in the genuflections and formulas of Moslem prayer and in the creed: "There is no God but .Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet." The little crosses which many of the Armenian children wore at their necks were destroyed.

The building chosen by the Commission was the large Boys' Sohool of the Lazarist Fathers in 'Antoura. Army officers were detailed to go to the concentration camps north and south of Damascus to select the children. I…outfi Bey was appointed director, and Khalideh Khanum of Constantinople, a lady of remarkable literary ability, furnished the teaching staff from her private school in Beirut, and Djemal Pasha delighted in having their photographs taken on the steps of the orphanage, surrounded lY the employed staff, as the.leaders of Ottoman modernism.

At the 'Antoura orphanage, on October 17th and 18th, 1918, nine days after the Franco-British occupation of Beirut, nearly two thousand ohildren had decreased until there were only six hundred and sixty-nine orphans left-151 girls and 489 boys-Armenians and Kurds, beside 29 Syrians. All the rest of the two thousand had died during the .past three years.

Beirut and the Lebanon are now under a kindly and equitable French administration. The Military Governor has authorized Professor Stewart Crawfo'rd of the faculty of the Syrian Protestant College to become the director of the 'Antoura Orphanage. The boys and girls will be cared for in separate buildings and useful industries and educational classes will be organized. The children will be put upon their honor and gradually a plan of self-government will be worked out. They are already learning what American justice means. They have found out to their delight that Prof. Crawford is the best friend they have ever had.

This brief sketch gives only a very imperfect glimpse of the throbbing human need in these 669 lives. For the love of God shall we not share with these children the best things we have, shall not the Red Cross make the orphanage of a thousand tragedies into a home of ten thousand blessings' For the old people who have survived the wilderness marches we can do little. They instinctively brood over the past. But for these young lives there is aspiration and hope and energy. It is not too late to re-create by months of patient effort the childlike trustfulness which has been so rudely broken. Only the Great Shepherd Himself can measure to the full the value of these lives. Laying His hands upon them in benediction, He will call the children by their true names. For He knoweth them, every one.

and Religion "Over There"

BY PHILIP E. HOWARD, PHILADELPHIA President of The Sunday School Times Company I NTO what religious and moral conditions have our American soldier boys been projected in Great Britain and France? In the closing year of the war at any time about a hundred thou- sand Americans might have been found in the British Isles, in addition to the vast numbers in lhance. What may American churches learn from the British and French experiences of these critical years, so that the future may be marked by a more adequate provision for spiritual life and service?

On a tour among the British churches last year, I found everywhere large ~ngregations,-large by any standard in peace or war time. Nearly every one of the few men in the congregation were in uniform. The general withdrawal of men from the churchert has broken into institutional work everywhere, and to an unwontea degree women have been placed in executive positions in church work. The available men, too, have had very heavy additional demands upon their time· and strength, over and above the sharp pressure of the competition that belongs to normal life there. Through sheer weariness both men and women have been unable to do all they might wish in church work. Some are just managing to "carryon," with a nervous breakdown impending,-a very common condition at this moment among even these sturdy British Christian workers.

The problems of the war, political and material, have been so stupendous that one finds most men preoccupied with such questions. It has been difficult to steer conversation away from politics and war, to the inner concerns of the spiritual life of the churches. Few conversations turned in that direction naturally, even though it -was known that the group of men in our party represented the American religious press. Without very special inquiry, we should have heard little about the life of the churches, and often it required a distinct effort, ev,en with clergymen, to hold the conversation to inquiries affecting spiritual things. When interviews were especially arranged to discuss the subject, we heard in the fullest, most explicit ways, the experiences and views of British church leadership, but on other occasions political questions were more absorbing than any other.

The war has lowered moral standards. You cannot touch the sexual vice question in conversation with any well informed person ., in England or Scotland, or France without making that discovery.

Not only is there little evidence of effective civic restriction of the social evil, but there are not the effective efforts in widespread evangelism which might reach thousands. The awful pathos of the whole pitiful vice business is a heartbreaking burden to many British and French evangelical leaders, and the physical and spiritual sacrifice of manhood and womanhood goes on. One wonders why large and decisive measures are not taken to evangelize the most needy neighborhoods and why there is not a more effective government restriction of vice. The harvest will surely be a bitter harvest, if present conditions are allowed to prevail.

One British editor expressed the opinion that we are suffering from an infection throughout the world,-the spread of spiritual anarchism. We know enough of the popularity of false religions in America to keep us very humble about our individual and corporate achievements in matters religious. Nowhere have I seen greater devoutness in worship, more serene bearing of keenest sorrow, or more intensity of individual spiritual service than in England and Scotland.

In many of the camps abroad the progress of religious work has not been adequately carried out by workers who gave it only a decidedly secondary place, while the boys themselves were receptive to straight Gospel talks and personal evangelism. Some men have however done extensive evangelistic work in spite of every hindrance, and have been greatly used in the saving of thousands.

The soldiers have not been dodging the Gospel. Some of these fellows who were facing death were disappointed when they did not hear what they most needed. We are thankful for the thousands who have been told in hut and camp and dug-out, and on ships at sea, how they may be ready to meet God face to face and live.

What will the American churches give these boys who have been up the line and are coming back home T The French Protestant churches have been hard hit by the war. Many church buildings have been destroyed or damaged. A distinguished army chaplain in the French forces to)d me that the moral tone of the soldiers had been lowered, while a Protestant pastor set forth with great fulness the need of fundamental Bible teaching in France. The encroachments of a Germanized theology long ago began their undermining work among the Fren~h theological students and the results now appear in the lack of spiritual vitality in many churches. This Protestant pastor urged for France a type of Bible Institute where fundamental Bible truth is taught, such as is found in various parts of America, and where the simple principles of Christian work are made the foundation for training in. church activities. French Protestantism needs much material help in the reconstruction of its church

WAR AND RELIGION OVER THERE . Z91

edifices, an,d in strengthening the hands of the courageous evangelical leaders in planning strong evangelistic and Bible study movements throughout the field. It is a glorious testimony to the missionary spirit of these French churches that their offerings for missions have suffered but very little during the war,-only a sixth or seventh less than the pre-war income,-in spite of the fact that so many of the parishes have been impoverished or destroyed. The evangelical pastors constitute a brave band of workers, serving in the midst of much indifference, and with only about a half-million adherents in a population of some forty-five millions. I was assured that the number of French Protestants in important posts of government service is much larger than the disproportionate size of the evangelical denominations would lead one to expect.

Two thousand American soldiers were on the ship on which I returned to America. Nearly a third were sick and wounded, limping about the decks on crutches, or lying helpless in steerage bunks. They were nevertheless a cheerful, brave crowd, and responsive to the straight Truth! Are we going to modify our Gospel, to suit what is reponed to be their desire for a message, or a church, different from the Scriptural standard T That will mean their disappointment if we do, and our lost opportunity. American churches will make a great mistake if they suppose that these returning boys want trivialities. They have been in dark places, and want light and good cheer, but they need and they welcome the glowing realities of the GospeL While the "Cedric" was swinging westward in a following wind and sea in mid-Atlantic I talked with boy after boy, in the forward hospital, stowed away in rough bunks in tiers of three, in dimlylighted quarters, with their cheery faces and maimed bodies. Leaning down in the semi-darkness I asked one lad if he had a copy of the New Testament. His eyes brightened, "Yes, sir, I have," he replied. "I brought it from home with me, and I read it clear through twice in the hospital." Others gladly received Testaments.

One tall smiling boy on crutches in answer to a question responded eagerly, "Yes Sir, I am a Christian, I started out from home that way, and I've remained that way, too!"

It means something to remain so, after the fierce testings of every sort through which these boys have passed.

I have yet to meet one man who has been at· the front who claims that the soldiers there are in sympathy with the preaching of salvation by their own blood, as a substitute for the blood of Christ. No church in England or France or America that is aware of the true needs of these men, will run saps and plant mines under the truths which form the ve-ry foundation and strongholds of the Church, but each must do all that may be done to make sure that these are held inviolate.

BY MRS. B. C.CRONK, RICHMOND

Chairman of the Committee on Methods of' Work of the Federation of Woman's Foreign IMission Boards THE ART OF SECURING AN AUDIENCE THE tragedy of the empty pew is how to inject into an invitation ever with us. There is no ab- which makes people want to go. sent treatment which avails for the Whatever the former is let us people who were not there. There- avoid it. Whatever the latter is let fore, as much responsibility rests on us acquire it. Verily, the art of the announcer and the notice-writer those whose duty it is to get the and the invitation-extended is no people to the meeting as on the mean art, but one that sadly lacks speakers who are to deliver to them cultivation. There are many volthe message. . umes published on how to speak ef- fectively, but few publications are A turnkey job in a mIssionary there on how to announce and invite meeting includes not only a good effectively, yet of what. use is a program, but also a good attend- speaker's eloquence if hearers are ance. Given a program that is lacking? worth while, the next step is to let people know about it by such effec- tive notices, announcements and in- The Personal Invitation vitations as will put an end to the tragedy of the empty pew. . No amount of general pUblicity One day I attended two morning and printer's ink can take the place meetings, at both of which an invita- of the individual invitation to in- tion to an afternoon meeting was dividuals. The Master's Kingdom given. As the first speaker made had its beginnings in personal invita- his announcement and extended his tions. One man found another and invitation I was conscious of a told him about the Messiah and weary, conscience-stricken feeling brought him to Jesus. The Samari- that I ought to go and of a martyr tan woman went back from the resolve to do my duty at any cost. meeting at the well into the city When the second speaker made his with a personal story about what announcement and extended his in- she herself had seen and heard, and vitation a wave· of regret swept over a personal invitation to others to me that I had already promised my- "Come, see." One of the best of all self to accept that other invitation, ways of increasing attendance at for here, indeed, was a meeting missionary meetings is for those worth while which I eagerly longed present to go out to enlist others to attend. Suddenly I realized that by personal invitation. At one meet- the two invitations were to the same ing only two persons were present.

meeting and I vaguely wondered why They did not postpone or adjourn.

there are people in the world who They met. When the meeting was issue invitations in such a way that over each went out to tell what a nothing save a stern sense of duty good meeting they had had and to could possibly induce the recipients invite more people to join them at thereof to accept them and, also, the next meeting. Before many what the indefinable something is months those meetings regularly had which some people seem to know a large attendance.

Z92

BEST METHODS

Living Tickets of Admission someone of the importance of attend- ing a meeting? Set for him the per- The "Bring One" plan is good. A suading of some one else. Ask every personal invitation to the May meet- member to phone three or four other ing given by each one who attended members, or possible members, from the April meeting means a double lists that have been carefully and attendance for May and a quad- tactfully and unnoticeably dis- rupled attendance for June. Try the tributed. plan of requiring "Living Tickets" at some meeting-the ticket which Three Methods Fill an Auditorium will admit each member being someone who is not a member. At a Several thousand people were asmeeting for men and boys make the sembled in an auditorium recently ticket which will admit a man, a in a meeting held under the auspices boy. Increase the attendance of a of the Laymen's Missionary Move- "Fathers and Sons" meeting by re- ment. quiring every father to have a son of his own, or a son borrowed for "How did you get such an atthe occasion, with him, and every tendance?" inquired some one who son to present at the door a father, had been to many meetings charreal or adopted. Similar ticket regu- acterized by fine addresses and lations for a meeting for women and empty pews. girls, or mothers and daughters, may induce a lively search for accredited "Humanly speaking," answered the tickets. secretary, "by three things. First, an announcement of the meeting In planning regular meetings, go sent -to every pastor in the city ::;ver the list of people whose attend- to be given from his pulpit. Seconcj, ance might be secured and divide the a paid advertisement inserted three names between members who will times in the city papers. Third, invite them most successfully. As- skillful publicity in the news colsign to each member at least one umns of these papers. We had a person whom she is to invite person- good story of the local committee ally to the meeting. which planned the meeting with an advance announcement several weeks Remember that the telephone is a before the date. Then, for about a registered missionary tool. Give to week, we had something every day various members a telephone "Call- which the papers counted "live ing List." Recently an important stuff"-pictures of the speakers; committee meeting of men was stories of their work, with a keen called. The chairman knew that human interest; reports of the sucevery man on the committee was cess of meetings in other cities along literally swamped with work and their way as they were coming to calls for more work, and that he us." simply could not persuade them that they could take time to attend that Unquestionably, one of the best committee meeting. So, he phoned notice-givers and invitation-extenders each man on the committee and in- is the daily press, and a good sign of stead of urging him to be present the times is the number of missionhe assigned to him the task of call- ary meetings one sees announced ing up three other men and convinc- in the papers. In addition to the ing them they must be present. Re- simple notices which should appear sult: each man in phoning his three in the Coming Events Calendar, or brought conviction to himself, and in its equivalent in the daily or weekly the busiest of war days that entire papers, it is well worth while to committee of bankers, business and provide special announcements of professional men walked in without special features cleverly written. Get one absentee. Would you persuade hold of writers who know how to prepare the copy for such stories,

so that the papers will print them eluding committee meetings and and the people will read them. meetings of sub-committees, from Recently a city editor hurriedly the pulpit. A once-in-a-while an- scanned with growing surprise the nouncement may gain emphasis if it story of a missionary meeting is not crowded into such a succession handed him for publication. of announcements that none of them "Publish it ?" he said in answer attract attention.

to the query of the minister who Here are some first aid sugges- handed it to him, "Well, I should tions which may relieve the pastor say so. We are used to paying of some of the long strings of things for the privilege of publishing that to be announced, and which may class of stuff." also make a more lasting impres- There was nothing sensational or sion than a vetbal announcement: overdrawn about it. Only some big Notices printed in the weekly facts skillfully presented. church bulletins.

That meeting was well attended Special cards of invitation to and the lives of many people were special meetings handed to the out- influenced by the great addresses of going congregation by the ushers.

the speakers of whom many of the Posters announcing special events people would not have known had it flung in the vestibule, church parlors, not been for this good bit of public- and other assembly rooms.

ity. UNUSUAL MEETINGS On the other hand, another meet- One day the young daughter of ing was held at which there was a preacher scanned with some disbut a handful of people. The news- favor the stereotyped announcement paper announcement was less than in her father's chu~ch bulletin, "On six lines, although there were .inter- Thursday at 3 :30 the usual meeting esting facts enough to have furnished of the Missionary Society." Then material for a full column in the she bravely dared to change the anhands of a writer of even small skill. nouncement to read: Often an interview with a missionary speaker can be arranged for a "On Thursday at 3 :30 the unusual reporter, which will arouse interest meeting of the Missionary Society," and give general information, for which the public has an unrecog- Ever since that day Margaret Apnized need. Recently a leading daily plegarth has been planning unusual gave nearly two columns to a mis- meetings and enlisting the unenlisted, sionary's interpretation of conditions interesting the uninterested, and in the Near East because of good teaching missionary lessons in an unpUblicity work behind the meetings usually fascinating way.

In this "Pod of Ps" she gives us at which he was to speak. some of her secrets.

We sometimes have in missionary Shelling a Pod of Missionary "P"s! meetings what the papers would call By MARGAR£T T. ApPL£GARTH a "scoop," and no one hears a word about it. If we rightly appreciated the psy- "Once a Preacher-Now a Bulletin chology of Paper, Pasteboard, Board" Paint, Paste, Posters, Postals, Save your Pastor from such a Fate Printed notices, Poetry and Pleasure, our missionary meetings would be There are so many notices handed better attended! The trouble is that to pastors that no wonder some so few of us ever travel through the preachers feel that they ire degener- pod to the last P, which actually ating into mere bulletin boards. ought to come first. The question Let us not expect our pastors to in our societies is: who will make announce every coming ~vent. in- the posters and postals?

BEST

" ~ APRI L In APTLL t~eTe ll1a~ be a ~"o"'t..,.., ].-1; ~et you-r urn b..-ella and ,-om. for a~ ~ ow,!..

"Not I!" says Miss WorksaUday j The eight other Ps are simpler. "Nor I I" says Mrs. I'mallthumbs j In buying paper or pasteboard choose "Nor I!" sighs Mrs. Babytakesallmy- lively colors rather than white, and time ; "Nor I!" giggles Miss Gads- right here let me offer an invaluabouttoteasandthings j "Surely not able suggestion: Did you know that I I" gasps Mrs. Makestheprograms- every year your church printer gives go; etc., etc. Nobody regards the to the ragman barrel after barrel of enterprise as pleasurable, and yet paper ends-de1ectahle colors in long invitations can be considered in the narrow strips, just the thing for wee same light as "fancy work," for in- invitations? A word to the wise! stance: something to be picked up Pasteboard for posters is inexpenin odd moments when there is "just sive-S or 10 cents a sheet, one sheet time to finish five more little cards" j being large enough to make at least they are no harder than tatting or two posters. Here again, colors atcrocheting, and exhibit infinitely tract the eye much sooner than palmore individuality. lid white. Curiously enough, paste is not nearly as much of a sticker to Try tucking a batch of colored pa- the poster-maker, as paint! Yet a pers, a pattern, a pair of scissors and little touch of color adds enora paint box into an attractive work- mously, and a little verse of jingle bag when you start to an afternoon poetry completes the effect. sewing party. Everyone will be agog with curiositv: "What are those Here are two suggestions for getcunning things? Party favors"? "What? Missionary invitations-oh, ting the posters made: get a Junior my dear, surely not, why, they're or Intermediate Sunday-school class charming!" "You must have a won- to adopt your society! At one of derful society, tell us about it!" "I their social events, which are oiten have some extra scissors, why can't such a problem for the teacher to 1 help cut some out?" "1 used to "pull off," divide the class into as love to paint, and 1 see you have two many group~ as you have posterless brushes-" (four or five, if you are meetings, and let each group be rewise!) and the pleasure end of your sponsible for the making, exhibitin~, pod of ps is shelled! and distribution of posters and inVI- tations on its specified month.

Rivalry can be maintained by each of the chairs but one! Tiny paper group keeping a record of the at- hymn-books pasted from hand to tendance < at "its" meeting, your so- hand of near neighbors adds an al- luring touch. The couplet is printed ciety giving a special party to the beneath the chairs. winners at the end of the year. This will do double duty, by training 3. When a special country is to be up a band of capable poster-makers! studied a train of toy cars can be But the same plan may be adapted tied to the lower edge of a poster, to the members of your own so- with billows of gray smoke belching ciety, all of whom should < be in- from the tiny engine. In the trail of smoke the printed words should apvited to a mysterious social: pear: "All aboard for Mexico!" (or whatever the land may be.) Date "'A study in Colors: by your leave, and place should be added, with the Will interest you Friday, we believe! names of the conductor, motorman Your fountain pen should be on hand, and guide. And a pair of scissors will be in de- 5. Individual invitations to a mand." meeting on Mexico may be small sombrero-shaped pieces of light On the eventful evening divide brown cardboard, with a red band people into groups, each group re- painted around the crown. On the sponsible for posters and invitations back: for their month. A clever idea is to have a large cardboard pale:tte "This little sombrero invites you to go (with the colors separate dishes of With us next Friday to Mexico." candy) in the center of which is 6. A poster for a meeting on the printed: American Indians may be a green background with some cone-shaped "Little drops of water, little dallbs of tepees, cut from light brown card- board, pasted in a row across the paint top, with footprints leading to one Make a poster int'resting to sinner and tepee. Below: footprints pointing toward a wig,,""{m are an invitation to saintl ' saying COME to our Indian Pow- Little deeds of handing invitations say- wow." If the meeting is to be held at a private home, the number of the ing 'Come' house may be put on the tepee flap. These tepee flaps may be painted in Make missionary meetinl!"s like a bee- gay reds, blues, yellows and greens, with black outlines to make them hive hum! show to advantage.

Whenever discouragement is in 7. Individual invitations to an Inevidence, the palette and its contents, dian meeting may be smaller tepees, plus the hopeful jingle, may enliven made by folding a piece of oblong tan cardbord tent fashion. the artists! Here are some practical sugges- . Touches of color on the flaps add to the attractiveness. If this is a tions easily carried out: Junior society the foHowing invita- 1. On a colored invitation card a tion may be written inside the tepee: picture of an empty chair should be pasted, or drawn, with this couplet beneath: "If you aren't there There'll be a vacant chair."

on (Date) …………………… .

(PIlICe) ………………….. .

2. The same couplet can be amusingly worked out for a poster, by tying a row of tiny toy chairs ( 10 cents a set at ten cent stores) across the top of a poster. Hatted ladies may be cut from a colored page of a fashion magazine, bent in the proper places, and pasted on all

l3EST

"Indian Pow Wow' 10. When Immigration is the pro- "Each squaw and each brave is requested gram subject it may be re-named: "God's Melting Pot," and 'the poster to walk show a large black pot with a cir- To our Pow wow next Friday to hear cular handle overhead, and tripod legs. Above the pot appears the some big talk." title; below, the words: For an older society this may be "Aren't y-ou curious to know what adapted to suit circumstances. We're going to cook in this black pot?"

8. For a meeting on American on Negroes in the cotton belt this poster (Date) …………………..•• on "Cottontails and other Tales" will (Place) ……………….•..•• be alluring: A gray rabbit (with a cute tail of cotton batting pasted in 11. A meeting on Africa may be the proper place) to head a yellow called "The Black Question Mark," a poster; under the rabbit, the couplet: poster for which should show a large black silhouette map of Africa, with "Brer Rabbit and Molly Cottontail the title above the map; below: Hope to meet you without fail" on "You surely can see that this land so dark (Dau) …………………… . Resembles a gigantic question ma,.k; (Place) …………………..• It's like to an ea,.-Iistening-sad- Waiting to hear some message glad." 9. If a program on the Highlanders is called "Our National Shut-Ins," 12. A program on Korea may be then try having a shoe-box attrac- called "A Bone of Contention," retively wrapped up, with the neatest ferring to her geographical position side turned outward, bearing the title and its historical outcome. Use and the words: good-sized pictures of two dogs ("His Master's Voice !") each eyeing "Shut in this box is a national sight a bone dangling between them. This Which on Friday we hope to bring to may be a real bone, or one cut from cardboard, tan-colored. In either light." case print "Korea" on it, and label one dog "China," the other "Japan." When "Friday" arrives the box Above the dogs print the title: "A should be opened and the contents Bone of Contention," underneath: discussed: home-made candles, homemade soap, home-spun cloth, home- "On Friday 'twill be shown smoked ham, pictures of Abraham Which doggie got the bone I" Lincoln, log cabins, beautiful mountains, mountaineer people, etc.

13. For Medical Missions, try a blue poster with a picture of a Red Cross nurse holding a real glass homeopathic pill bottle, full of candy pills, in each hand-tied on, of course. Each bottle should bear a label, one prescription reading: "For the Orient;" the other: "For the qc- cident." The couplet below the pic- ture states: 'lilI "She holds the pills For human ills." ,If, 4 J'IU"~l tnt. Let's jI:l'ct~e.J"1'l"ul:'iln.s' follow her career ., intti,r,riallu'fJC~af'( "Over There." (Date) •.•..•••••••••••••••••••• IIllmfiill.r·IIt-thl[;ll1l:HU (Place) ………………….•• ;,rflu-d?,."lo 14. For individual invitations to a t:r:l'~d,,saJldhJII}.ttv~$til'l!

medical missionary meeting it is FIGURE ~. simple to use little oblongs of colored paper folded into homeopathic pow- "Maid-of-all-work," with chapters ders. Before folding write the invi- re-titled : (1) "Home-maid," (2) tation inside. "Ready-maid," (3) "Custom-maid" (4) "Hand-maid," (5) "Maid-of- 15. A meeting on Japan may be honor" and (6) "School-maid." attractively announced by cutting Both poster and invitations for three pieces of differently colored "Home-maid" used the Chinese cardboard into lantern shapt';s. Paint house of figure 4, with the jingle: the supposedly lacquer parts in black, and divide the quaint title "Jap-o- Lantern" into its three parts, printing one part on each lantern, in type as Japanesy as possible! Each lantern should also bear a few details as to date, place and other particulars.

16. A meeting on China suggests FI ~URl= :, so many designs one hardly knows where to begin or stop! Houses, Maid-of-all Work is a little Home Maid, pagodas and people offer very allur- (Although she would faint if her wages ing shapes, both for posters and invitations. Little colored lanterns, were paid); with a string through the black lac- You'll find her quite quaint and exquer, may be used as invitation tags, ceedingly dear, and be looped to buttons in Sunday- If you'll come here next Friday to welschool. A program· on the people of China might be called: "Chinese come her here. Tails and Other Tales" (see figure 3 for poster design to be used on yel- (Date) …………………..•. low cardboard. Or try a row of fig- (Place) ..•……..•.••••….••• ures, each a different color.) A program on Chinese customs might be called: "Won't You Come Into My Parlor ?" See figure 4, showing a poster of a house cut from red cardboard, with a green doorway bearing the invitation. The roof is left red, the house part painted black.) 17. A set of six programs on this year's study book "Women Workers of the Orient" has been re-named

1919J BEST

18. The fourth program, "Hand- School-Maid is our brigbtest maid, maid," used for a poster two brown To whom great compliments are paid. cardboard hands (outlined from real She knows Geography, Arithmetic, Boob, hands) mounted on green cardboard, She even knows queer curves and books, and as invitations, brown card- Greek to us. but clear to her, board hands, with the jingle: This clever little Foreigner.

Ten small fingers has each Hand-Maid (Datil) ………………….. .. To carve her future unafraid I (Place) …………………. .. Although her job is still so new, She's doing quite as well as you. 20. A clever girl's poster for a Rally shows sunbonnet babies of (Date) ………………….. .. graded sizes wending their way to- (Place) ………………….. . ward a church, with the couplet: 19. For the sixth program, "School "Big girls, and Little girls, girls of Every Maid," the poster showed a sweet girl graduate carrying a diploma. size, (For this, any girl in white with the Come to our Rally if you are wise I" two sides of her dress painted black, and a black triangle on her head, is • Note: Before cuttinl' out lantern llouse or successfully camouflaged into a grad- doll shape. from good eardboard, it io wil. to uate !) The dipolma was a white experiment with a newspaper pattern firat. Tr,. scroll of narrow paper tied to her folding the newapaper, and ,tartinl1 IrQ'" tl" 100iJ dress with a bow of baby ribbon. For invitations, the diplomas alone draw half of til. objeet. Cut thu oul. and were used. This was the jingle used: when the fold is unfolded-behold a well·hal.need pattern!

• Other rlaluabl. "'1111""0'" fo, ifWi,.t'DnI and posters msy be .sectlrttl from ·'JliuiofIJWY Hp/;:r;.. .' .. t; 'l.'; Helps for J.."ior Lead"," by Margar" Appl.- 11M '" and Nelli. Pres<ott, I>tIblill…J M .., :r.~ ff::!o:~t!;tdb~-:.'·'t~n:, ::~' Miss Leavis and those 0"' Ihe Home Munon test ~:!'; 1j;~~1:::' ~~6 T;i"f°':t",,%:/' 'lJ:'Y/..":.

FASCINATING INVITATIONS Could anyone resist this fascinating invitation prepared by Miss Grace Walker, of the Women's Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian church, for a meeting in Montclair, N. J.? A swift intuition comes to the fortunate recipient that the clever originality which produced the· invitation will produce also an illuminating program.

Miss Board of Foreign Missions is feeling very lad For she knows you have a ~evance, and it'. really pretty bad. She has lived so iong among you And has never thought, you see, That you really weren't acquainted With your Mission Family Tree I SO You're invited to a party, On Thursday next, at four; And tickets of admission Will be asked for at the door. Each guest please write a question That she thmks she wants to know. Miss Board of Foreign Missions will endeavor then to show How really interestinf. just a plain old Board can be. After which we'll all 'forget it" Wihile we have a cup of tea. Now "Tea", of course, does rhyme best But honestly, my dear, It stands for Christmas plum cake And other liquid cheer. Please make Miss Missions bappy For she's nervous as can be Lest you count her party "boreaome" And decline her cup of tea.

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARM:¢R, Montclair, N. J.

Representative of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FEDERATION Monday, January 13th, at 2:30 p. m. and Tuesday, January 14th, at 10 a. m.

THE Annual Meeting of the Fed- sity of a broader outlook and a eration was attended by more greatly emphasized effort to reach than one hundred delegates and vis- "the Other Women" who have itors, rep res en t ing twenty-one never known the joy of this Christ- Boards. From the opening de- given service-perhaps because we votional service led by the President have hidden the Christ in our or- until the close of the Prayer Service ganization detail and have gone too on Tuesday the interest was well much "on our own way."

sustained. The "Preparedness" program No one who heard the splendid re- presented on Tuesday morning in- ports given on Monday need ask cluded a valuable discussion on "The what place the Federation will take Demobilizing Woman," opened by in the Foreign Mission enterprise. Miss Alice M. Davison; a paper by The value of specialized committees' Miss O. H. Lawrence of the Re- work-on Summer Schools-on Stu- formed Church in America, on "The dent Work-on Methods–and Inter- Home Church Woman"; a discussion denominational Institutions was of "The Professional Woman," in- plainly shown, while our star com- troduced by Mrs. Helen Barrett mittees-on Christian Literature for Montgomery; another on "Individual Women and Children in Mission Gifts," by Mrs. J. Sumner Stone, of Fields and on United Study of For- the Methodist Episcopal church; on eign Missions-gave us a glimpse into "Publicity" by Mrs. Henry W. Pea- a wonderful future of constantly in- body of the Women's Baptist For- creasing usefulness. The full re- eign Mission Society and a discus- port of these committees will be sion of "Finance" by various dele- printed as usual, and it would be gates. The prayer service was led advisable for every Board to send in by Mrs. Robert E. Speer.

orders at onc!! to Miss Leavis as the By following the New Program supply will be strictly limited to the suggested by Mrs. Peabody in a demand. Rainbow Campaign for Recruits we Please note the names and ad- will have an opportunity to reach the dresses of the new Officers and Professional' Women, the Doctors, Chairman: Teachers, Nurses and Welfare work- ers. This is an outline of t)1e plan: SeMcraedtaisryo,n AMviesnsue,VNer.noYn. CHityal.liday, 25 These women who would be so valu- Treasurer, Mrs. ]. C. Henley, 2137 Park able in the Mission fields' and on our Boards, are to be invited to a Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.

Chairman of Committee on Interdenom- supper-(Local Committee to find Patronesses who will give five doli1n5a2t0ionSaplruIcnes tSi tturet ieot,n sP- Mhilrasd. elWphmia., Boyd, lars for five suppers.) At the sup- Pa.

THE PR:¢PAR:¢DNESS CONF:¢R:¢NC:¢ per an appeal will be made by a was inspiring enough to make any missionary or Board Representa- shirker in the missionary cause feel tive on "The Call of the World To- unhappy-while it directed the atten- day" Six four-minute women will tion of Board women to the neces- answer the questions-Who? Why?

300 When? Where? How? Where- schools, local federations and sociewithal? (Six leaflets in rainbow envelope, price five cents, Miss Leavis ties show that the Program has been or Boards). valuable in setting forth the sub- A Recruiting Officer will present the call of the King and will display j ect. As a nominal price was a set of posters and pledge cards. The guests are asked to take home charged the cost has been little. It the souvenir envelope containing the leaflets and to sign at least one of seemed wise not to attempt to set a the pledges which should be read and explained. (Posters, fifty cents a set, date when Christian Literature Day Miss Leavis or Boards). would be simultaneously observed, Mrs. Peabody said in closing- "Now, after the roar and crash of but to ask that the Boards recomwar, after the blood and tears, God's Bow of Promise, His Everlasting mend to their constituencies that Covenant' may span all seas. We women may help to make the rain- this Program be placed at such a bow, for surely our covenant with Him is not to be a scrap of paper. time in the calendar of the local Our moment in the world's history has come. Are we prepared? If society as would insure the best not, then we are unworthy to be leaders of Boards and Societies, un- attention. We urge that further use worthy of our great Divine Leader. be made of the Program in 1919. It 'The tumult and the shrieking dies, The Captains and the Kings depart; may be obtained from Miss M. H.

Still stands thine ancient sacrifice, Leavis, West Medford, Mass., at A broken and a contrite heart. five cents each or $3.00 per hundred. Lord God of Hosts be with us yet, Lest we forget, Lest we forget.' In June the "Dollar Drive" was " 'And ye shall receive power after initiated to reach women and girls that the Holy Ghost has come upon you and ye shall be my witnesses unto in the summer schools and elsethe uttermost parts of the earth.' where, with a request for a dollar "The time of witnessing is here." each for the Book Fund of the LOUISE CHAMBERS KNOX, Committee, i. e., for the translation Secretary, pro tem. and publication of various small LITERATURE FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN books which have been suggested, Report of the Committee on Christian or to provide larger editions of 'Literature for the Women and Chil- dren in the Mission Fields books already prepared like, ·"The – CCORDING to the request of Sky Pilot," "Golden Windows," etc. A the Federation at its annual The little folder for this drive, meeting last January, a Program for Christian Literature Day in "Books for our Allies in the Orient," March was prepared in which Mrs. A. F. Schauffler, Mrs. Peabody and with its coupon attached, has been Miss Butler gave material assistance. Of an edition of 5,000, about circulated at various meetings with 3,000 have been distributed, through the agency of the Committee on good results, though we still need Publications. Report from summer additional gifts for this fund.

The plan to hold a circuit of public meetings early last fall was sadly interfered with by the epi- demic of influenza. In Pittsburgh, through the kindly cooperation of Mrs. Mary Clokey Porter, Mrs.

Crouse and others, Miss Flora L.

Robinson of India was given an opportunity in September to present the matter and to distribute liter- ature at the annual meeting of the Allegheny Missionary Union. In December Miss Clementina Butler spoke on Christian Literature at an interdenominational meeting in Cleveland, Ohio. .

October 31 a meeting was held in Boston, when the Committee had the pleasure of welcoming Mrs. Don- ald MacGillivray of Shanghai, editor

of Happy Childhood, and of hearing for Christian Literature for All also Dr. Patton and Mrs. Peabody. India, and now we urge that the At this time an appeal for money Boards especially interested in India to publish an illustrated "Life of contribute for this new work and Christ" for Chinese children met call the attention of their mission- with instant response,-a generous aries to its inception. Baptist friend giving the whole amount needed-$2S0.00. Mrs. Mac- Literature for China Gillivray is already at work upon this book which will mean so much Another tremendous enterprise to the children of China, as no beckons on your Committee to an other story of Christ's life, suitable enlarged field of usefulness in China. for little folks, is in existence. Some have already learned from In Philadelphia, the Chairman of Rev. E. C. Lobenstine, secretary the Committee waS enabled through Miss Lodge to arrange for a pro- of the China Continuation Comgram on January 10, in connection mittee, concerning the revolution in with the Day of Prayer. Other the written language in China, made meetings will be held in the Spring, possible by the adoption by the if found practicable, and the Com- Government of that country of a mittee is gratified to be able to re- phonetic system whereby 39 characport the large measure of interest ters are used instead of thousands, which results from even a small a plan which revolutionizes :!ll degree of publicity. The paragraph teaching, and opens an immeasurin the MISSIONARY RF;VIF;W for De- able vista of opportunity to those cember in regard to the "Dollar w.ho are trying to supply good read- Drive" brought response from all ing. There is a very definite propoover the country, every letter show- sition before the American Section ing a deep interest in this cause. of the Christian Literature .Com- mittee, asking for immediate and A Magazine for Indian Girls practical backing. It is estimated that there are approximately 7,000 A plan for· a magazine for Indian preaching places in China where girls and young married women. there are Christian teachers, and projected for some time, seems that if the United Church of Christ likely to be realized during the in China should shoulder this great coming year. The Committee has scheme and set about teaching this given $500.00 for its initiation in system to its teachers and col- Lucknow under the direction of porteurs, in an incredibly short Miss Flora Robinson and her 'sister, time there would be a "reading Ruth. It is designed for the stu- republic" in China, hitherto undents who go back to homes barren dreamed of by the wildest enthusiof all good literature and therefore ast. It has been demonstrated by will be published in English. It one busy doctor who used the plan will be placed at the disposal of the in his hospital, that absolutely ignorvarious mission Boards, with the ant adults can be taught to read hope that they may select the ma- in less that a month by this Aladterial best adapted for their own use, din-like method. translate it into the vernacular used in their districts, and republish it A very modest budget has been on mission presses,-the multiplicity submitted by the Christian Literaof dialects making it out of the ques- ture Council of China to the Ameri- can Section of the Literature Comtion to supply such magaz!nes. in mittee, who have in turn, asked the Woman's Committee to raise its the many .vernaculars. Thl;> new share of the. funds ne€ded. to proventure of .the Committee has the videa simplified literature for the sanction.. of· :the .-Natlon:if Coul'l'eil wem.en anil childi-en of China' under

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

this new system. The sum asked Friends' Clubhouse. Dr. Everett of us is $2,000 (Mex.), $1,000 in of the Medical School presided. The four-minute women included gold. Dr. Potter of the Medical School, The Woman's Committee has been successful in small ways, but Miss Rachel Lowry, Miss Panin the new world order has not coast and others. Philadelphia is the time come to make broader continuing with a series of Rainplans and to enter immediately into bow meetings. possession of new territory? The letter to the Woman's Board sent Washington, D C., held a Rainout last February asking that the bow meeting January 27th, and amount allowed the Committee be with more time secured an attendincreased in 1918, met with imme- ance of three hundred. Mrs. Mcdiate response from the Northern Baptist Board which doubled its Dowell, Mrs. Radcliffe, Miss Burgift of $100.00, with a promise of rell and Mrs. McGrew were delight- securing $500.00 for this Committee ful as four-minute women. Mrs. if the other Boards would follow. Wm. A. Montgomery presented the So far, we are not able to report a "Call of the World Today." Mrs. single Board which has met this Henry W. Peabody acted as recruitchallenge, although some of the ing officer, speaking on "The Call of smaller Boards have materially in- the King" and presented post- ers and dedication cards. Voluncreased their contribution. teers have followed and pledges of money as well as lives are coming in to the Boards.

NOTE: It should be here stated that . DeLand, Florida, held the next Rainbow meeeting. in the lovely the W. F. M. S. of the Methodist home of Mrs. Theodore Page. Episcopal Church supports Miss Laura Among the invited guests was a large group of college girls. One White of Shanghai, whose time is wholly result was the formation of four study classes to be led by the Dean given to publication and translation of the College and Mrs. Page. work, and that they will release also Chicago, with wonderful enterthe Misses Robinson for part time in prise and the fine organization of connection with the new magazine for the Middle West, responded to the call of Mrs. Steele, President of Indian students. the Federation, and gathered a Generous individuals are responding group of two hundred and fifty pro- fesssional women on February 21. to the appeal, but we need a more Plans are under way to place the definite and bigger policy. How can posters and leaflets in hospitals and we reach the constituency of the Woo colleges. Instead of the four-minute man's Boards with a call which shall talks, brief addresses were given by Dr. Tucker of China, Miss be commensurate with the need, and which shaH command attention? Laughlin of New York, and Mrs.

We are servants of the Federation and shall be glad to accept any suggestion for a move forward into the "great land to be possessed."

The Treasurer's report shows plainly that unless we can depend upOn in- creased gifts from the Boards, we shall not be able to meet the demands upon us.

ALICE M. KYLE, Chairman.

THE RAINBOW CAMPAIGN Silverthorne of Chicago. In Pittsburgh on Saturday even- The Campaign for Recruits, ap- ing, February 22, were two hundred proved by the Federation January and fifty professional women at a 14th, began in Philadelphia on Jan- dinner in the beautiful Y. W. C. A.

uary 23. Posters and Rainbow leaf- building. Among the four-minute lets were still in the printer's hand, women were Mrs. Campbell, Mrs.

but proofs were shown and the Isaacs and Miss Kinear. Mrs. Mary .

program given as planned. Two Clokey Porter, Chairman of the hundred invited guests ,tp.et in.. the….Rai!129.~.C.oPlmittee….of. Forty… had

planned also a great mass meeting work in cooperation with the Fed- for Sunday afternoon. One of the eral Council of the Churches.

leading physicians of Pittsburgh has The greatest innovation will be presented her resignation to the hos- that now the Alliance will attempt pital where she is serving and will to organize local Alliances in every sail for China in September. The community throughout America.

Committee of Forty will plan at In most communities there is no once for at least ten more Rainbow organization which interests itself meetings in Western Pennsylvania. primarily in international relation- Buffalo held the sixth Rainbow ships.

meeting on February 25, excelling These are critical days now that aU· in numbers. Forty patronesses the war has been won. There has provided a cafeteria supper for five been a decided decrease in idealism.

hundred young women who were We need to rally all the forces of personally invited. Inspiring music our churches and communities in and addresses brought enthusiastic support of the President and the response. best thinking groups of the Nation, Worcester, Massachusetts, plans who are determined that out of this for Rainbow meeting number seven· bloody struggle, so successfully ter- and Boston is to follow on March minated, there shall be a new world 7th with the eighth. order based on righteousness and All the meetings thus far have justice. Without such a consum- been far beyond expectations. Many mation there can be no peace in the young women are inquiring about world. Our opportunity puts a foreign mission service and we may serious responsibility upon our expect decisions. The work of local shoulders.

Committees is worthy of highest Mr. Hamilton Holt, Dr. Frederick praise. Lynch and Dr. Sidney L. Gulick Posters, Plans and Rainbow leaf- have been sent to Paris, and when lets are on sale at all Women's they return they will have a great Boards of Foreign Missions-uHelp message. Miss Eva Ryerson Lud- Make the Rainbow." gate has just sailed for Europe, TO MEMBERS OF THE WORLD wihere she will make a special study ALLIANCE of the church conditions. Upon her return she will give a large portion The Trustees of the World Alli- of her time to the interests of our ance announce the change of loca- organization.

tion of the office from 105 East TWo study outlines on a League 22nd Street to 70 Fifth Avenue. A of Nations are now ready. Either complete reorganization has been of these will be furnished at the decided upon, but as heretofore the nominal rate of fifty cents for twelve World Alliance will continue to copies.

Shall we withdraw our army of missionaries from the field or shall we send reinforcements? Shall we practice a more severe economy and straiten our army's equipment for service or shall we practice a more glorious self·sacrifice and make its equipment more efficient? Shall we exalt and glorify our Saviour, or shall we follow Him to be put in the shade? Shall we endure hardness as good soldiers of Christ, or shall we take to the fields of indulgence and allow the cross of the living God to be outshone by the army of the world? Which shall it be?

-Dr. I. H. lowett.

FROMMANY1ANDS

INDIA AND BURMA prayer and thought on this question.

Two Views of Home Rnle The conclusion reached by both'

OPPOSITION to Home Ru1e in groups was that a first-class residen- India seems to come from two sources-first the Moslems and next tial High School should be provided, the lower caste Hindus. A Moslem paper published in Calcutta remarks: with a staff of teachers who, by the "A few of our Mohammedan simplicity and earnestness of their brothers say: 'If India gets selfgovernment, then we shall not be fellowship, should demonstrate the able to cope with the Hindus.' ideal of brotherhood. After spend- "When we ask why, the invariable reply is, 'The Hindus are more num- ing much time and thought upon erous than we are, they are better educated, and ,they are certainly the problem, the Commission apmore prosperous financially. We must never forget that these people pointed by the Conference drew up a are the same Hindus that banished the Buddhists from India, and those scheme for the School, of which the Buddhists were their own kith and kin. The first chance they get they following are some of the points: will do exactly the same with us, for they bear a grudge against us, as The School shall he mainly for w.e Moslems ruled over them for six centuries.''' Christian boarders. But a small pro- The argument of the lower caste portion of non-Christians who are Hindus is- summarized thus: willing to accept the mode of life "The Pariahs of Madras assembled in convocation say: 'The Brah- of the Christian boys and a' few mins, ,who have kept us-the Untouchables-mercilessly under their day scholars, Christian or non-Chrisheel for ages, are not likely to be less tyrannical if the Hindus come tian, can be admitted. No class shall into power. That we certainly do not want, and so we prefer British have more than 30 boys. rule for generations to come.''' Religious instruction will he non- (lhrIstian Higb 'SchOOl for South India denominational; but nothing shall AT ,the Bangalore' Conference of May, 1917, the fact was brought be done to disturb the boy's loyalty out that if Christianity is to affect the modern currents of social to the Church to which he belongs. and national reconstruction there should be given the youth of the 'The scheme is launched as one land a more thoroughly Christian, and therefore a more thoroughly which wil! supply a long wfeilltl need national education. While the Com- and which, when realized, be a mission appointed by this' Conference was pushing its investigations, proud achievement. a young missionary was enlisting friends, Indian and European, for The Christian, Patriot.

Women of the Jungle THE Gond woman, bel0llging to an aboriginal tribe in the jungle of Central India, is short, strong, and darker than her Hindu sister, but like her in her fondness' for jew- elry. Not being able to wear the most unusual in quality, she does the best she can as to quantity, so that a party of Gond women walking together; wearing countless pounds of glass, pewter and iron, sound like a chain gang.

Gond WOlnen have accepted the general estimate of their mental capacity, and when approached~y the rnissiQnaty will •usually say; "How can we understand? We ate only ,cattle." But when the GOMS become Christian, theY'atevery 305

thoroughly in earnest, and show that superstitious village people, with so they have latent power. Mayo was just an average child little reverence for their gods and so little fear of their power that they from the jungle, but one day when would smear mud over the faces of she was visiting an old priest she the- gods in order to force them to picked up a mud idol, left there by answer a prayer." This is an illuma madman. The priest told her that inating example of the illogical whoever took the idol would go vagueness in the Hindu's concepmad because of the evil spirit that tion of his gods. had possessed the man, but Mayo Episcopal Recorder. said, "Then I shall take it away, for I am not afraid of any evil spirit." Home Missions in Burma This may seem insignificant, but for such a girl as Mayo it was nothing A KACHIN Christian is pleased short of revolutionary. when a heathen becomes a Chris- tian, but it does not occur to him Hindu Gods as Ra1n Makers to make any effort to bring about ONE reads of many strange meth- such a result. And as for making ods of producing rain, but here any sacrifice for such an end, or is one which is most unusual. It contributing, that is no business of is related by Rev. H. G. Hastings his; that is the work of the mission- of Lalitpur, India. ary and the paid evangelists. That "I was on a visit to our out-sta- is their natural disposition, it is the tion at Mahroni, and had occasion inertia that has to be overcome.

to stop over during the heat of the But foundation work is· beginning day at the government rest house or to show results. Last year a society Dak Bungalow. While there, I no- was organized with the aim of send- ticed on a mound under a tree sev- ing Christian young men into new eral stone idols with flowers hung localities during vacation to open in wreaths around their necks, and small schools, teaching the children their faces smeared over with mud, by day and preaching .by night.

and eviCilences that some of the Many villages have plead for schools Hindu people from the nearby vil- and the volunteer teachers are full lage had been there having puja of enthusiasm over their work, ask- (worship) under the sacred neem ing to be allowed to continue this tree. I asked one of our native year. The Christians have been di- preachers what it all meant, and he vided into prayer bands, so that said the village people had been there every Christian is a member of a praying for rain and that the people band, and every non-Christian is on thought the idols would make it rain a prayer list.

so the rain would wash the mud off their faces. Imagine a god that was SIAM AND MALAYSIA so weak as to let a man smear mud Siam's New National Flag I over his face, and too powerless to T is certain that the King of Siam walk one hundred yards to a river had no intention of putting reto wash his own face, yet powerful ligion into the new national flag, but enough to make rain come that it it is also certain that in the old flag might wash his face clean. Then, the white elephant in the center rep- again, imagine a god who had power resented Buddhism, for the people to sena rain, and would let a great revered the white elephant on ac- number of. people suffer for the lack count of the belief that Buddha once of. rain, but would cause it to come appeared on the earth in that form.

for so small and selfish a reason as At first the King intended that the wanting his own face washed. Then, new flag should contain only the again, imagine a crowd of simple, red and white stripes, but through

NEWS F1WM MANY LANDS

American influence (not missionary) thoughts of our young men to re- the blue stripe was added. ligion. The youths of the Buddhist Blue is the Presbyterian color, faith have grown worldly beyond be- and the Presbyterian Church is es- lief and never come to the temple tablished throughout the length and to pray. So we intend to build a breadth of Siam. The blue stripe magnificent pagoda, a thing of in the flag may well stand not only beauty and inspiration which they for the Christianity of the home land can not escape. Whenever their eyes but for Siam as well; the Christian- rest upon it their thoughts will turn ity which in the "New Era" is des- in spite of themselves to the gods.

tined to take the place of the Bud- But it will be only through the gra- dhism of the "Old." cious benevolence of our friends and Presbyterwn Bulletin. visitors that we shall be able to do this."

Growth of Bangkok Christian College Buddhism has taken fright at THE enrollment in Bangkok Chris- the success of Christianity and is tian College has steadily grown adopting the guise of its methods in until now it is 348, which is an in- the hope of holding loyal a restless crease of more than 50 per cent since generation.

May, 1917. One half of this number are boarders and all the dormi- CHINA tory space is occupied. Even the Phonetic Language Study in China teachers gave up their room and THE N ankit~~ Language .School is moved out on the veranda. now recelvmg over sIxty new Not only has this been the best missionaries each year, giving them year in the enrollment of the college, a year of thorough foundation work but it has been one of the best in on the language and sending them spiritual growth. There are 13 in out from there into their scattered the graduating class, over half of fields of labor from Shantung to Fu- whom are Christians, and five of kien and from Shanghai to Chang- them have decided to give their lives sha. In place of the former method, for special Christian work. There which the early missionaries were are 20 in the second class, half of forced to use, of sitting with a sleepy whom are Christians. The next two old Chinese scholar, repeating after classes number 32 and 47, and each him long and intricate sentences has a good proportion of professing from the Chinese classics, students in Christians. In the lower grades the language school have the advan- there are a few, but most of the tage of the best phonetic methods of boys in these classes are too young language study and a corps of to make a definite and final decision .trained teachers, as well as the stim- which involves so much as it does ulus of school life and competition in this country. One boy in the with other young people.

sixth grade has been completely dis- The head professor is Mr. Gia, owned by his relatives since he be- who, true to the Chinese tempera- came a Christian. ment, was with great difficulty per- The White Elephant.. suaded that the phonetic method was Neutral1zer tor CbrIsttan Missions superior to the old Chinese method of language study. To win him to VISITORS to Penang, Straits Set- Christ was even a harder task. tlements, are importuned to For years the missionaries prayed make contributions to a new pagoda. and labored, but while he received Imitation is the sincerest form of everyone kindly, argument and flattery, and there is a familiar ring prayer seemed alike unavailing. His in the Buddhist solicitor's plea: sudden conversion last year was like . "We are trying· to turn the the case of Paul, and having once

committed himself, he has set out to give him regular lessons in Western win for Christ every one of his methods and ideas. forty teachers, most of whom are not Christians. The Missionary Herald.

The Continent. A Chinese Student's Testimony Y. W. C. A. Opportunities In ChIna A CHINESE Y. M. C. A. student secretary tells of an "i tsik" DAUGHTERS of Chinese officials (miracle) which happened at a meet- and of the "literati" form ing of the Student Association in the Class of girls taught by Young Hongkong: Women's Christian Association secretaries to become future lead- "Instead of inviting an outsider ers. In the eyes of the Govern- to speak they appointed four or five ment, the reliable girl is the Chris- of their own members to give fivetian Chinese girl, and the demand minute addresses, but discovered for Association training grows by there were fifteen minutes left. The leaps and bounds. Government and chairman announced that as there Mission Schools beg for teachers of was time- he would give to any physical education. They need ten present, whether members or not, times as many as are available. an opportunity to speak on how stu- Fout Chinese cities are asking for dents could better themselves mor- American Y. W. C. A. secretaries, ally. A non-Christian boy of about. and seventeen Chinese secretaries are seventeen years got up and said that already at work. Membership in the he thought the most important thing Chinese Association numbers 3889, was fidelity not only to one's earthly and the proportion of native support father, but to our Heavenly Father of the Y. W. C. A. is from one- as well. Then another, also a nonthird to one-half. Christian, about twenty-one years old, said that these meetings had The "Heart Washing" S.ociety helped him to lead a better life. The thing that impressed him the most AMONG the many means em- was the devotional prayers of the ployed by the energetic governor members at the meetings. He had of the province of Shansi, in his at- not investigated Christianity very tempt to promote a higher type of thoroughly as yet, but he saw no manhood, is the Heart-Washing So- solution to the problems of China ciety. It might very properly be in any other way except through called an Ethical Culture Society. Jesus Christ." By his strict orders, this society is to be promoted by the magistrate of That a government sch.ool student each county; and in Fenchow, should speak of Christianity in this which is the county seat for a large way was indeed a miracle. section of country, meetings are held every Sunday in the Confucian tem- Foreign Mail. ple of the Prefecture, and every family and every shop is forced to Tbe Work:lng Boys In ShanghaJ send its representative, i. e., one ONE of the first things to be done after the establishment of a member, to hear the lecture there junior division of the Y. M. C. A. given. These lectures are presided m Shanghai was to make a survey of over by the magistrate himself, who working boys. The first result of often gives the lecture. this survey was to organize a school for poor boys. After two attempts The governor is known to all the had failed. a third made under the foreigners in Tai Yuan, the capital leadership of Mr. S. S. Zung proved of Shansi Province, as distinctly a notable success. The teachers are progressive. He has asked a member volunteers, the course includes readof the English Baptist Mission to ing and writing Chinese characters,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

arithmetic and the use of the abacus, grims. People who have vowed to spoken English, play, Bible class, visit the temple to return thanks for religious meetings and weekly socials. healing, each carry a small stool, and In two years the school has grown from 30 to 130 boys, who 'are a at intervals along the way kneel on it, bowing towards the temple. In grat.eful and loyal group. front of each shrine is a large Medicine and ChrIstIanity money-box, into which each person THE old world order in China put throws a gift. N:one would think of the practice of med~cine in the worshipping without doing this, relowest room, but the Gospel entered minding one of the command laid on and now, after a hundred years, the art of healing takes a prominent Israel, that none should appear beplace. From the influence of medical missionaries has come the Med- fore the Lord empty. There are rich and poor, soldiers ical School Movement, which has most notably found expression in and police, pickpockets and beggars, North China in the Union Medical not all pilgrims, for some are mere Schools of Peking, Tsinan and sightseers, glad to idle away the Mukden, the "YaH Medical School time. Sd many of the women have at Changsha, carried on by the Yale small feet that barrow men are much Mission, the Union Medical College in. demand. Peddlers and toy stalls in Chengtu, Sz-chuan and the Wo- line the temple entry and the wistmen's Medical Colleges at Canton ful-eyed Chinese children make one and Peking. The influence which realize' that "one touch of nature these schools are destined to exert in makes the whole world kin." the spread and confirmation of the Gospel in China, strikes one with The follower of Christ is in evigrateful wonder. It means the cre- dence too. It is the custom to reni: ation in the next two decades of a a house at the foot of the temple great body of native medical prac- hill, an awning is erected and a hostitioners, fully educated in Western pitable cup of tea is ready for all medicine and surgery, the decided guests. The preachers preach themmajority of them active members of selves hoarse and many stop to he;lr the Christian Church. the message, often pleading to hear more allout the way to salvation. The dominant factor ·in Medical Education in China today is the JAPAN-OHOSEN China Medical Board of the Rockefeller Foundation, which is now Tbe Christian Ohurcb in Korea erecting a $6,000,000 plant in Peking and is closely affiliated with the Mis- THE Presbyterian Church of Kosions. rea has undertaken to carry on mission work outside the bounds of Preaching to PUgr1ms Korea, not only among their coun- trymen but among the Chinese in ONE of the most fruitful features the Province of Shantung, China. of evangelistic effort in China Last year they voted a budget of is that carried on during the annual $3,000 (6000 yen) for this work festivals, of which the Chinese cele- and in their annual report they add brate so many, and when pilgrims the following: come from far and near. Rev. James S. Orr of Kiangsu tells in "The prayers of two hundred China's Millions for February of the thousand Christians behind these customs in vogue and some of the men, (i. e., their missionaries) possibilities found among the pil- should make them powerful in doing their small. portion towards the evan- gelization of China."

According to last year's statistics, there were in Korea connected with the "Federal Council" (M. E.

Church, North and South; Presby- women and girls. The Tokyo As- terian Church, U. S. A., North and sociation is emphasizing, for the South; Canadian and Australian immediate future, work in one of Presbyterian) 208,436 Christians, of its large suburbs, Oji, which has whom 86,186 were members in full more than 12,000 women in its fac- communion. There were, besides, tories, work among girls living at about 10,000 Christians belonging to home or boarding, and welfare work three other bodies, and 5,000 belong- including day nurseries and visiting ing to the Episcopal Church. nurses.

Contributions from Protestant Christians in Korea last year Is Japan Aiding Morphia Trade? CORRESPONDENT in The A amounted to $178,487. This is a North China H eraId asserts that generous sum when we consider the general poverty of the people and the Japanese Government secretly their uniformly low wages. fosters the morphia trade in China; The principle of self-support that the traffic has the support of among the churches in Korea was the Bank of Japan and that the Jap- strictly applied from the beginning anese Postal Service aids the impor- of the work, and is generally ad- tation. Says this writer: hered to at present, though some "No inspection of parcels in the Methodist churches have begun to Japanese post offices in China is per- depart from that principle, especially mitted to the Chinese Customs Ser- along the line of Christian educa- vice.· The service is only allowed tion, which is at present one of the to know what are the alleged con- greatest and most difficult problems tents of the postal packages, as stated for the Church in Korea. in the Japanese invoices. A conser- The Christian Intelligencer. vative estimate would place the amount of morphia imported by the Japanese Women in Industry Japanese into China in the course of THIRTY-FIVE years ago there a year as high as eighteen tons, and were 125 factories in Japan; to- there is evidence that the amount is day there are 20,000. If it were not steadily increasing. for the women these factories could "In South China morphia is sold by Chinese peddlers, each of whom not exist. Within the factory compounds carries a passport certifying that he dormitories are erected and girls is a native of the Island of Formosa living there are practically prisoners. and therefore entitled to Japanese Two factory holidays are allowed a protection. Japanese drug stores month, but in most cases the girls throughout China carry large stocks cannot leave the factory grounds. of morphia. Japanese medicine ven- Recreation is unknown except where dors look to morphia for their largwelfare workers have been permit- est profits. Wherever Japanese are predominant there the trade flourted to go in and teach games. At the beginning of industrial wel~ ishes."

fare work, the Y. W. C. A. had in Japan fourteen American secretaries MOSLEM LANDS and six thoroughly trained Japanese Gentile and Jew in Palestine H secretaries, and in addition twenty ERBERT ADAMS GIBBONS, in an article in the January Cen- Japanese workers as travelers' aids, matrons of dormitories, and assist- tury on "Zionism and World Peace"

ants in domestic science and physi- points out that "as opposed to 100,- cal culture classes. 000 in the Jewish communities (of By the opening of work in Osaka, Palestine) there are 630,000 in the Kobe and Kyoto, its opportunity has non-Jewish communities, of whom been increased by about a million 550,000 form a solid Arabic-speaking

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Moslem block, in racial and religious the Palestine people will soon be sympathy wi,th the neighboring shipping their farm stuff to a good Arabs of Syria, Mesopotamia, market. The English are building Arabia and Egypt." reservoirs on the heights around the Holy City, so that the surrounding French influence in Syria dates country can be irrigated in the dry back to the time of the Crusades, season. The city of Alexandria. and the exclusion of French interests loaned its engineer to Jerusalem to from Palestine, he thinks, would en- arrange for sanitary and other redanger Anglo-French sympathy in a lief measures. Such are a few of degree not compensated for by the the benefits following the British ocadvantages of a British-controlled cupation. railway from the Mediterranean at Haifa to the Euphrates and the Per- "Carrying On" in the Holy City sian Gulf at Busrah. AT the beginning of 1915, the But the pressing danger. is that of Bible Society's depot in Jerusaawakening the fanaticism of the lem was hurriedly closed, but in Arabs, who take their religion far February of the same year an elderly more seriously than do the Turks. gentleman, Mr. Whelan by name-ali Under Moslem law Christians are American subject of Irish originonly permitted to live on sufferance. who had been residing in Jerusalem Jerusalem is a sacred city of the for some few years, resolved to take Moslems. The encouragement of possession of the depot and face the Jewish immigration in order to over- situation. Fixing his bed behind the ride the Moslem majority would, Mr. counter, he lived there as proprietor. Gibbons believes, endanger the lives For thirty-four months Mr. Whelan of Christians in other Moslem coun- held on bravely against many diffitries. culties and hardships. until relief The Congregationalist and Advance. came. About 30,000 volumes, in some 50 languages. had been safely Achievements in Pa.1estIne preserved in this depot at Jerusalem. All the copies in English were quick- MUCH has already been done in ly bought up by British soldiers. the way of reconstruction in Palestine. Orphanages have been es- While the Turks were in possestablished for both mental and indus- sion, they ordered the gold lettering trial training. on the entrance door of the Depot, "B. F. B. S." to be broken out. Mr. A day nursery is doing excellent Whelan then painted the same letwork for the children and releasing tering on a cardboard, which he the mothers who are among the 600 tacked over the glass until the Turks women at work sewing for the Brit- had been driven out. ish Army. The Red Cross is giving especial attention to the health and The Committee of the Society are sanitation problem. Much danger making plans and preparations to was feared from the hosts of refu- erect a new Bible depot in Jerusalem gees who flocked there from beyond which shall be worthy of its object. the Jordan. The Turks and Germans cut down the "blessed" olive The Bible in the World. trees for fuel for the railroads, and the inhabitants looked on with "IFCairQ. a Strategic Center streaming eyes and fainting hearts. Mecca is the religious center of The British Army is already setting Mohammedanism, and Constantiout forests in the wastes, and plant- nople is–or was-the political cening trees in streets and towns all ter, Cairo is undoubtedly their literover Palestine. Many eucalyptus ary and educational center," says Dr. trees ar~ to be planted to purify the Samuel M. Zwemer. In Cairo is air. On the new railway to Egypt the great Moslem University, E!

izhar, with 11,000 students, a An important step toward mak- sj:ronghold of Moslem conservatism. ing these people self-s~pporting was Here, also, is the new and radical the opening of an irrigation canal on Egyptian University, with 270 stu- January 10, some seventy 1Jliles north dents, founded by advocates of the of Bagdad. Water can thus be ri~w and progressive Islam. Mos- supplied to irrigate 300,000 acres, lems schools of law, of medicine, en- and make possible t.he cultivation of gineering schools, agricultural. insti- land as far as the vicinity of Bag- ttttions, schools of commerce, of fine dad. The opening ceremony was ar;ts, schools for girls and schools for held in the presence of many Arab boys bring the total student popula- land-owners, who were impressed tion up to 40,000. All these schools with this striking evidence of the are abreast of the times, well good in~entions of the British. The equipped with libraries and labora- increase in wealth to the land thus tories, but wholly Godless, making irrigated will certainly be consid- no. provision for religious, or even erable, and the increased production ethical training. The schools, car- of food will be of great importance.

ried on by the United Presbyterian and other missions, are the most im- AFRICA portant Christian influence. Assiout In1Iue~za aIUong the Africans T College, the great Christian institu- HE influenza scourge has been very severe in many parts of tipn, has an enrollment of more than eight hundred students, and a body Africa. In East Africa it was found of graduates who have become lead- that many of the native students had ers throughout Egypt, Abyssinia and acquired sufficient training to enable the Sudan. There are also the mis- them to take charge of small hos- sion schools for girls at Cairo, Luxor pitals which were established in and Assiont, with an enrollment of schools and churches, and thus lives 1200. were saved in every village. The re- sult of this work was most apparent Ir:rJ.gation Canal 101" Mesopotamia upon the character of these volun- ONE of the problems which must teers, who developed a new spirit of be considered at the Peace Con- helpfulness and self-reliance. feren~e is the future destiny of the Rev. Cyril S. Green writes from people of Armenia and Syria, many Nkangal, Cape Colony, that this tp.oul3ands of whom took refuge with time of great distress gave the mis- t4e' British Army while that Army sionaries opportunity to come in was still at grips with the Turk. Ac- touch with all classes of people.

wrding to a report issued in London Scores of deaths were caused direcenUy the British refugee camp at rectly by ~he superstitious fancies of Baqubas, thirty-three miles from the heathen. They were sure that if Bagdad, is: caring for 45,000 people they remained long in their huts the of the Armenian and Syrian races. snakes would find them out, so they This qlmp was hastily laid out, and lay outside in the cold, with a tem- in three weeks' time refugees were perature of 103°. Most of the Chris- being taken in at the rate of 1,000 a tians recoveted, for they. were will- day. To provide clothing and food ing to adopt the measures prescribed for them when so much transport for them by the government and mis- waS needed for military operations sionaries.

along the ,Tigris was a great 'lchieve- mellt, and today the camp is organ- "AgaJnst the Book"

T ized as efficiently as many of our HE country around Kabari, on the slopes of Mt. Kenia, is beau- W~stern towns, with water supply, sanitation and well-equipped hospi- tiful, but the people are not. Dis- tals. ease, dirt and heathenish customs

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

have worked sad havoc among them. promised the Lord sixty cents if he At present" with the exception of the got a deer. Early in the week he few baptized Christians and readers shot a small one, but it got away.

whom seven years' work has gath- Later he shot a large one and it es- ered, the ,whole population concen- caped. Friday, long before daylight, trates its intelligence, as to the wo- he arose and prayed about his deer, men, on the work of obtaining food then taking his gun set out on his for themselves and their families, last hunt. He had not gone far until and as to the men, in the intervals , he saw a whole herd, the size of of looking after their flocks, on pala- cow:s. Singling one out he fired.

vers or gossiping. The deer was only wounded and the The lad described in the following boy had to spend his last remain- incident gives hope of the cleansing ing shells, but still his game refused which will take place when Chris- to die. His faith was so strong that tianity becomes more widespread. the Lord had heard his prayer that This African boy had been fined a he caught the animal by the horns goat for refusing to take part in a and quickly cut its throat. Before local ceremony by providing beer for seven o'clock he arrived, breathless, the occasion. "It is against the at the mission saying, "I will not Book" was his steadfast reply when thank the Lord with sixty cents. I his case was referred to the District will giv¢ Him a dollar."

Commissioner. When some 011e sug- When the offering was COUnted on gested that adherents of the Mission Sunday morning the villagers were pay a sum of money in lieu of pro- wild with joy,' for it amounted to viding the beer, the lad stoutly main- $63.95. When the boys and girls tained that no Christian should have saw what they could do they said: anything to do with such a cere- "We will give an offering every mony, and not one-sixth of a penny month. We want to support a sta- would he ever pay in connection tion of our own."

with it.

The order went forth that adher- NORTH AMERICA ents of the mission should hence- Community Spirit Put to Work T forth not be required to take part in HIRTY-FIVE thousand persons reading the same passage of any ceremony they considered objectionable. Scripture on the same day, offering C. M. S. Gleaner. the same prayer, cherishing the same ideals and then exemplifying them Giving to Home MisSions in West AfrJca in daily life and business-has not T HE pastor at Quiongua, West this great possibilities? This is wha~ Africa, recently took occasion to enterprising Christian leaders in preach on tithing and reminded Connecticut have been able to bring his people of a new work just started about in less than two months for home missions. He asked them through ,the: community betterment to promise nothing, but to pray and plan sponsored by the New Haven think about it, and to bring their of- Women's Church Union and the Pas- fering the following Sunday. There tor's Union of that city. The domi- were over one hundred school chil- nant idea is to capitalize community dren in the congregation who had spirit evoked by the war in the in- nothing to give and no way of earn- terests of personal spiritual life and ing money, so work was planned a better public order. To accomplish which they might do for pay during these commendable results, those the noon hour and after schoo!. back of the movement realize that Never was work more eagerly done. the fountains of spirituality must be One boy, skillful as a hunter, spent kept full through daily contact with his spare time out with his gun. He the Bible and the unseen world. So

instead of leaving the average man mittee is fully constituted it will be or wvman t9 his own devices, defin- represented in all the great centers ite material is provided through a of the country and the committee series of community betterment members in each center will call to booklets. Each contains an interest- their assistance other men and wo- ing list of daily Bible readings, one men in order that the organization, or two quotations, several prayers instruction and enlistment may be and memory verses for the children extended into every parish and mis- from week to week. sion of the Church.

The Congregationalist and Advance.

Training Negro Citizens in Georgia Enemies ot the Lord's Day N important school for Negroes A BILL has been introduced into A the Legislature of Pennsylvania cently come under the supervision of at Fort Valley, Georgia, has re- calling for the repeal of the Sabbath the Protestant Episcopal Church.

laws of the state. Fearing the very This is an industrial high school extremeness of this bill, Representa- which seeks to do for the million or tive William F. Rorke introduced an more· Negroes in Georgia what sim- amendment legalizing moving picture ilar institutions are doing in other shows and concerts on the Sabbath. States. There is at present an en- An editorial in the Philadelphia Pub- rollment of 600 students, two hun- lic Ledger supports the amendment. dred of whom live in the dormi- The arguments which are ad- tories, the others coming from the vanced in favor of this Sabbath surrounding country; a property of desecration are briefly: "It is pro- ninety acres and a plant valued at gressive and constructive. If movies $60,000. Each student receives in- and concerts are educational on struction in some useful trade, assur- weekdays, they ought to be profitable ing him the opportunity of develop- on the Sabbath. The concerts and ing into a helpful, contented citizen movies would change the day from of the State.

drab to brightness." The representa- tives of the Lord's Day Alliance are Moslems in the United States I hard at work at the legislature, and N the narrow valley, chiseled out they should have full support. of the mountains of Pennsylvania . New York has long had a law by the Conemaugh River, there is a against theatricals, movies, etc., at group of Mohammedans employed in which admission is charged, but it a coke plant and ruled over by a has been disregarded. Now attempts strange triumvirate: Hassan Taro- are being made to pass bills legaliz- manovic, the Son of Allah, armed ing these and commercial baseball. alike with his priestly Koran and his The Presbyterian. American dinner pail; Omar, who New National Oommfttee tor Protestant presides over the pool room, hazy' Episcopal Oharch with cigarette smoke and the mingled odors of black coffee and THE Board of Missions, the Gen- pink liquor, and Harry, the "Boss." eral Board of Religious Educa- For twelve years these workers, who tion and the Commission on Social are considered "hand-picked fruit,"

Service of the Protestant Episcopal because no church holidays interfere Church, have appointed a national with the regularity of their shifts, committee, composed of men and have enjoyed community life, with- women from all parts of the Church, out Sunday-school, church, library, to care for the details of providing playground or even "movies." They the budget, thus leaving the Boards have all but forgotten the appointed free to do the special work for which hours for prayer, and could scarcely they were created. When the com- point in the direction of Mecca.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Hassan, their religious leader, is a below the birth rate and the Indian stately figure with his fez, but his has ceased to be a "vanishing race."

parishioners call upon him only for Under the five-year program of burials and weddings-their faith the Methodist Centenary $128,450 has deteriorated into a hazy mem- will be used to provide more mis- ory. Surely here is fertile ground sionaries speaking the Indian lan- for the missionary enterprise! guages, to train more Indian preach- New Mormon Chnrch in New York ers, to establish more Sunday- schools and to appoint women work- THE Brooklyn Chapel of the ers to take Christianity to the wo- Church of Jesus Christ of Lat- men and children, who are even ter Day Saints is the first Mormon more neglected than the "braves."

church building in the State of New Christian Advocate.

York. Senator Reed Smoot of Utah, a Chinese Set an Example T member of the Quorum of Twelve WO Chinese brothers, who opened a laundry in Paducah, Apostles of the church, offered the dedicatory prayer and was the prin- Kentucky, became interested in cipal speaker at the dedication service Christianity, and after a time were on Sunday, February 16. The received as members of the First chapel seats 350 persons. Senator Presbyterian Church. For three Smoot confined himself to religious years they were not only regular topics. attendants, but liberal contributors Walter P. Monson, President of to the Church's activities and lost the Eastern States Mission and head no opportunity of witnessing to their of the Brooklyn Chapel, announced faith. Then they decided to return that through the work of his asso- to China, and before leaving handed ciate missionaries there are now the pastor an envelope containing more than 250 members in the their subscription for the remainder Brooklyn congregation, and that of the year, and asked for their there are at present in New York church letter in order to be re- State seven congregations with ceived into the Church in China.

more than 750 members. He said Here is an example for wandering that the members of the church in American church members!

this State look upon the erection of the Brooklyn Chapel as a milestone LATIN AMERICA in the path of the growth of Mor- Exchange or Territory in Mexflco monism in the East. THE American Board of Commis- sioners for Foreign Missions and New Plans tor the "Vanishing Indians" the Southern Methodist Board have SIXTY per cent of the American agreed upon plans for rearrange- Indians are still non-Christian, ment of work and workers in Mex- while only half of those who have ico. By this change, the American been converted are Protestants; 260, Board will withdraw from the state 193 of the 335,998 Indians in. the of Chihuahua and occupy the West continental United States can neither side of Mexico, including the read nor write, and only one-third provinces of Sonora and Sinaloa.

of the entire Indian popUlation can There are many problems involved speak English. Furthermore, ills in this re-assignment, and the resulting from unsanitary conditions American Board has recently sent a and utter lack of personal hygiene deputation to Mexico to confer with have ravaged almost every tribe. missionaries and native pastors with Recently, after these matters were reference to the policies and plans given special attention by various which shall be undertaken.

agencies, the death rate has fallen Congregationalist and Advance.

T"A Social Worker in Cuba key. The men who are to take HE task of bringing civic im- part must live in seclusion for a provement to Union de Reyes, time, then drink enough liquor to Cuba, has been given to Rev. Julio insure their being in reckless mood: Fuentes, the only evangelical pastor A circle is formed by the dancers in this railroad town of 9,000 souls. who wear a head gear made of ani- Asked by the town authorities to be- mal skins and frightful masks, which come a member of the municipal has to be lifted constantly to let a civic committee and to clean up the little air in, and the spectators stand town, an unprecedented thing in the outside. The master of ceremonies history of Presbyterian mission work, calls a masked fellow into the ring he is doing splendid social work and lets the snake slide out of the with meager equipment in a building pitcher down his neck. Then he ex- loaned by a wealthy woman. Any ecutes a wierd dance, while all the social work done in the city must others grunt, shriek and rattle be done by him. gourds. When the snake glides The Continent. from the man's trouser leg he is ex- cused and another is called to repeat Leprosy in Latin America the performance.

NOT every one knows that lep- From such a setting came one of rosy is very prevalent in some the most faithful Christians in the of the States in South America. Santa Maria congregation-once a It is said that many cases may be witch doctor. Not being able to found in Colombia, and lepers are read, he listens intently to the read- p.umerous in Brazil and the Argen- ing of the Bible, then commits to tine. The Mission to Lepers has al- memory the portions read. These ready established work in Dutch he puts into the Indian language and Guiana and has been anxious to preaches to his former followers, do more, but the difficulties in the and it is due to his ceaseless effort way have made It impossible. The that two new preaching centers have Protestant missionary bodies have been formed. Here is proof posi- been comparatively so few and so tive of what these people can do far apart that there has hitherto when the cloud of superstition is seemed to be no definite opening for lifted.

organized effort. A letter has been Guatemala News.

received from a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church asking Selling Bibles in "Little Venice"

L for a grant of $100, to enable him AKE Maracaibo, Venezuela, is more than 100 miles long and to employ an evangelist to work in a colony of lepers near one of the from 50 to 70 miles wide. Because large cities in the Argentine. the villages along its shores were Without the Camp. built on raised platforms, standing indian Snake Dancing out over the water, and the inhabi- tants traveled about in canoes, the AFRICA' is not the only "dark early Spanish discoverers named the continent," and nothing that one country Venezuela, or "Little Ven- finds there could be more revolting ice." Last year a colporteur of the and horrible than the snake dances Bible Society, Jose Siciliani, who is among the Indians of Guatemala. a Brazilian of Italian descent, found As the time for one" of these snake his way to this region with a supply festivals approaches witch doctors of Gospels. At first the Bibles "went are sent to the mountains to cap- like hot cakes," and then the word ture a snake to be trained for its was passed around that these books part in the ceremony by beillg kept were "Protestant" and immediately in a pitcher that has contained whis- Colporteur Jose found himself up

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

against the. wall of supelPtition. buco obtained possession of a human Jose rented a small dugout, with a skeleton which he succeeded in petman to paddle him and his books suadinz the people was that of a perfrom house to house. He often had son formerly known in that region, to face most disheartening circum- St. Severino. He had the skeleton stances, lack of food, dangers from covered with leather and stuffed, and tropical storms and disease, and set it up in the church as an object everywhere the unfriendliness of the of worship, the church being located islanders. On one occasion as Jose on a farm which he owned in the approached, the natives beat on tin outskirts of the city. St. Severino cans. with pieces of iron, as is their proved to be a miracle worker, custom during an invasion of locusts. whose benefits were in proportion to However, in spite of all this ignor- the value of the votive offerings ance, superstition and adversity dur- made at his shrine. On the income ing a stay of six months, Jose suc- derived from this source the Perceeded in distributing more than nambuco lawyer was able to aban- 3000 copies of the Scriptures. Who don both his law practice and his can say how far this influence may farming operations and to maintain reach? a handsome home in the suburbs."

Brazil's Need EUROPE DR. S. H. CHESTER, in The Re- Help for Friendless Women gions Beyond, gives sufficient reason for Protestant Christian mis- THE London Female Preventive sionary effort in Brazil, and other and Reformatory Institute, Latin American lands. Dr. Chester says that the priesthood is an expla- founded in 1857, is evangelical and nation of all the corruption, degradation and superstition one finds in interdenominational. Sixty years those countries. The relation of ago it was housed in small quarters, many of the priests to the people is similar to that of the Buddhist with accommodations for only sixpriesthood in China and Japan. They are considered indispensable in con- teen inmates. It has grown rapidly nection with certain functions and occasions. They must be on hand to until at present it has 177 volunteer perform the marriage ceremony for those who are able to afford that workers and its activities comprise: luxury, to administer extreme unction to the dying, to bury the dead, Five Homes for 162 inmates resto give absolution to those whose consciences trouble them on account cued from surroundings dangerous cif their crimes, and for a consideration to secure the release of to morality, or from vice. souls from purgatory. Apart from these official functions, the people A Probationary Home for the have little use for them, and they are the most disreputable element temporary reception of applicants. in the communities in which they reside. An Open-All-Night Refuge for Among other illustrations of the the succour of young women and pass to which so-called religion has come in Brazil, Dr. Chester relates girls found homeless in the streets the following incident: at night. "A lawyer in the city of Pernam- Some idea. of the extent of .the work undertaken may be had from the following figures: 45,616 cases have been admitted to the Homes.

1,715 religious services, etc., were conducted in the Homes last year.

2,964 nights' lodgings were given at the Open-aIl-Night Refuge during 1917.

2,492 midnight and other meetings have been held since 1859, attended by 127,391 young women and girl., thousands of whom have been res- cued. The Christian.

Prayer for RuBBla Huguenots. In spite of the havoc THE Archbishops of York and of war they now maintain seven mis- Canterbury sent out a bulletin to sion stations, mostly in Africa. all the Anglican clergy asking that A Protestant Chaplain in the prayers, both private and public, be French Army, Pastor Daniel COllve, offered for the Russian Church on who spent nine years as a mission- February 23, and the following ary in the Congo, is now presenting prayer was recommended: their cause in America. Through "0 God our Refuge and Strength, their Committee of Union for France who art a very present help in and Belgium the churches he repre- trouble; have mercy, we beseech sents are one body.

Thee, upon the Russian Church in Marshal Joffre, himself a Protes- her hour of need. Deliver her by tant, is especially interested in the Thy most mighty protection from plans for rebuilding and re-manning the dangers that beset her, and these churches. Recently he said: grant her people rest; through Jesus "The need is especially great in Christ our Lord. Amen." the devastated regions. Soon the This is said to be the first time people will return to their demol- in the history of the Anglican ished homes to start life over again.

Church that prayers have been The shock at what they will find will asked for another communion. be very great. They will· need not A Medical Missions Exhibit merely material assistance. 'Moral help will be required, for there is THE idea of holding a great medi- bound to be a tendency to let down cal Missionary E:xhibition in morally in the face of so great loss London has met with hearty ap- and destruction."

proval, and has promise of the co- The E:xecutive Committee of the operation of all the British mission- American Presbyterian Church has ary agencies centering in London. recently voted $500,000 for the re- The definite aim of the exhibition lief of French Protestant churches.

will be not only to serve the best This "hands-across-the-sea move- interests of this department of mis- ment" will give impetus to the plan sionary work" but also to secure for for a League of Churches to the missionary enterprise the sup- strengthen the work of the League port and life service of some of of Nations.

those physicians, surgeons and nurses who have been doing such OBITUARY NOTES magnificent work throughout the Dr. A. F. Schauftlel', of New York O course of the war. The exhibitionN Tuesday, February 19th, the will open June 23, 1919, and con- . Rev. Adolph Frederick Schauf- tinue for some weeks. fier, D. D., died of heart disease at Protestant Neighbors in Frrulce his home in New York city. This brought to a close a long and useful AMONG the loyal defenders of service on earth. His life goes on, France and of freedom were and while Dr. Schauffler rests from many Protestants. Native-born pas- his labors, his works follow with tors or students for the ministry to him.

the number of one hundred gave their Seventy-four years ago he was lives in the great cause. One hun- born in Constantinople, Turkey, dred and fifty sons of French pas- where his father, Dr. William G.

tors or missionaries made a like Schauffler, was a distinguiShed mis- sacrifice. These men, and the sol- sionary scholar of the American diers from among the laymen, rep· Board. The son returned to America resented nearly 500,000 French for his education and Was graduated Protestants, the successors of the from Williams College in 1867, and

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

from Andover Theological Semin- twenty-five years. He was a memary in 1870. After pastorates in ber of the State Executive Com- Brookline, Mass., and New York mittee of the Michigan Sunday City he became supe"rintendent of School Association for about twenty the New York City Mission and years and held the offices in turn, of Tract Society. Here he rendered Secretary, Chairman and President. noble and far reaching service to For twenty-five years he was a memthe time of his death. He was ber of the Executive Committee of always keenly alive to every ques- the International Sunday School Astion relating to the Kingdom of sociation and held numerous offices, God and was a friend to everyone finally being president of the organin trouble. ization. Mr. Warren died in Three Oaks, Michigan on January 16, 1919 Dr. Schauffier was prominently and it will be impossible to fill his connected with Sunday-school work, place in the Sunday School world. was president of the N ew York City Sunday School Association and D. W. McWilliams of Brooklyn Treasurer of the State Association. He was a wonderful teacher of I N financial and business circles teachers, an earnest Bible student, Mr. Daniel Wilkins McWilliams and a firm believer in the inspira- of Brooklyn, New York, was known tion of the Scriptures. He was for as a banker and treasurer of the many years a member of the Inter- Manhattan Railway Co. In missionnational Sunday-school Lesson Com- ary circles he was better known as mittee. Dr. Schauffier also wrote founder of missions in Korea and a a number of valuable books for member of the Foreign Mission Sunday-school workers. His wife, Board of the Presbyterian Church Julia Baker Schauffier, has been al- and other religious organizations. He most equally prominent with her died on Tuesda.y, January 7, at his husband in Christian work. residence, 39 South Portland Avenue, Brooklyn in his eighty-second year. Edward Kirk Warren Mr. McWilliams was born in As a friend and promoter of Hamptonburg, N. Y., and at the age world-wide Sunday School work of 18 he entered the employ of the Mr. Edward K. Warren was better New York & Erie Railroad. After. known than as president of the devoting five years in the banking Featherbone Company. business with the Chemung Canal Bank at Elmira, N. Y., he was Sixty years of continuous activity elected Secretary and Treasurer of in one Sunday-school is a great rec- the Toledo, Peoria & Warsaw Railord in itself. In this school in Three road Company, in 1861, .here he re- Oaks, Michigan, Edward K. Warren mained for nearly six years. From was scholar, teacher, officer, superin- there he went to the banking house tendent and finally was superintend- of Henry Q. Marquand, becoming a ent for life. Mr. Warren began his partner in the firm. He became a relationship with the Sunday-school member of the Lafayette Avenue work at large when he attended Presbyterian Church in 1866 and was the International Convention in At- subsequently adeacon, an elder, and lanta in 1878. At once he brought Superintendent of the Sunday School. things to pass at home and organized He was alife-long frend of the evanthe Berrien County Sunday School gelist, Dwight L. Moody, and had Association, in Michigan, and since served as trustee and Treasurer of that time he attended every annual the Arthur T. Pierson Memorial county convention with the single Bible School of Seoul, Korea. Mr. exception of the one in 1916. He McWilliams was twice President of was secretary of that association for the Y. M. C. A. in Brooklyn. five years and president for about

MISSIONARY

Asia Minor, by Walter A. Hawley. Northern and Central part of the Maps and Illustrations. 8vo. $3.50 Continent brought most under Mos- net. John Lane Company, New lem influence. It is this part of York. 1918. Africa that presents the greatest problem. The author visited the This description of Asia Minor continent during 1910 to 1911 as sechas a double claim upon our inter- retary to Bishop Yartzell and gives est. First, it is a good book on a here some of the results of his subject of perpetual interest and, observations and studies. The book second, it is a timely discussion of a is not the work of an expert or an subject that has just now assumed authority, but is rather a popular special significance. Mr. Hawley presentation of collated facts and justly reminds us that in the Ho- opinions. henzollern dream of placing under the sway of a single power a Nigeria-the Unlmown. A Missionwedge of country cleaving Europe aryStudy Text Book pamphlet. and extending from the North 56 pp. 1 shilling net. Church and Baltic Seas to the Persian Missionary Society, London, 1918. Gulf, Asia Minor became of special importance because of its The Niger basin is a huge terricapability, under scientific cultiva- tory in tropical Africa, about 1000 tion, of largely supplementing the miles long by 500 miles wide. It agricultural products of the German is under British control, is largely Empire, and because it lies along Moslem, and the chief missionary the direct road to the fertile Meso- Society at work is the C. M. S. potamian valley. Accordingly, the It is almost unoccupied territory. Germans obtained from the Turkish but is extremely important to the Government several concessions, future of Africa. This little text and before the outbreak of the great book forms an excellent introduc- European war had built a railroad tion to the study of the subject. from the Bosporus through the heart of Asia Minor, and had con- History of the Methodist Episcopal structed an extensive canal for irri- Church in Mexico. By John W. gating the central plain. The author Butler. 12mo. 156 pp. $1.00 net. outlines the physiognomy and his- Methodist Book Concern, New tory of Asia Minor, its scenery, its York, 1918. present primitive agricultural and industrial conditions, its peoples and Dr. Butler's father, William Buttheir manners, customs and religious observances, and he de- a ler, founded this mission, and the scribes in an interesting way the classic ruins of this memorable son was for over forty years misregion. ' sionary in Mexico. He is therefore especially qualified to write a his- Islamic Africa. By R. Burton Shep- tory of the work from 1872 to 1918. pard. 12mo. 127 pp. 75 cents. It is a volume of personal reminis- The Methodist Book Concern, cences and facts, gathered from first New York, 1914. hand knowledge. The story of-each field is taken up separately and in The Africa here described is the the last chapter Dr. Butler de- scribes briefly the progress in the last half century in Mexico.

320 The Oregon Missions. By Bishop tion, to lynching and to Christian- James W. Bashford. 12mo. 311 ity. The hopeful outlook is em- pp. $1.25 net. The Abingdon phasized and there is much of con- Press, New Yark, 1918. structive value in this helpful little study of the American Negro. The indebtedness of America to home missions can never be fully Under Coligny's Banner. By Aldescribed. Here is one item in the bert Lee, Ph. D. 8vo. 314 pp. credit sheet. Oregon was saved to 6 shillings. Morgan and Scott, the United States by missionaries, London. 1918. the Indians were converted, the land was made safe, and education Under 'the guise of fiction, we was started by missionaries. Bish- have a most interesting story of op Bashford tells the story graph- Hugenot France of the days of ically and impressively. It should Henry of Navarre. Such a story be known by every Christian and brings vividly before us the changes every patriot. It is thrilling. This that have come since the Jesuit story emphasizes the part Metho- persecutions, when it was a crime to dists played in the history of the own a Bible and one could not be Northwest. purchased except at great risk and at a cost of a hundred crowns. The Faiths of Mankind. By Prof. Great is the change today when Edmund D. Soper. 16mo. 165 pp. Roman Catholics and Protestants 60 cents. Abingdon Press, New unite in a financial campaign for York, 1918. the Army and Navy, and even. in religious services.

Many are not interested in mis- Dr. Scofield's Question Box. Comsions because they know nothing piled by Ella E. Pohle. 12mo. of the faith and practice of non- 166 pp. $1.00 net. Bible Insti- Christians. Professor Soper here tute, Chicago, Ill. 1918. gives us a brief study course which outlines some of the main features Arranged under topics alphabeticof Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism, ally the compiler has gathered to- Hinduism and Animism. It is a gether many illuminating and pracbook for college students, and the tical answers to questions on the method followed is daily topical Bible doctrines and Christian prac- Bible readings, with twelve weekly tice given in connection with Dr. studies, each in a different religion, Scofield's Bible Correspondence two weeks each being given to Hin- Course. A full subject index opens duism, Buddhism, Islam and Chris- up this rich storehouse of one who tianity. They are clear, concise is an unusually clear and sound Bible teacher. and helpful studies on a new plan.

Your N,egro Neighbor. By Ben- The Right to Fight. By Sherwood jamin Brawley. 16 mo. 100 pp. Eddy, LL. D. 12mo. 87 pp. The 60 cents. The MacMillan Co. Association Press. 1918. 1918. The Christian position in regard The Negro in America is a real to the European war is here clearly problem which must receive serious stated by one who has seen the attention. Mr. Brawley views it causes and effect both in America from a Christian standpoint and and in Europe. Dr. Eddy discusses presents the facts clearly and forc- the German views as contrasted to ibly. After an historical review of the Biblical principles. This is good. the Negro in America he reviews material for correcting some mishis relation to industries, to educa- taken ideas of strict pacifists. ~ oW ,,&bUm.iWiiiii ~bFACTS WOkRT~ II QUOTlING i utAJ • baa Of all the Protestant mISSIOns in Africa over one-fifth of the mISSionaries, almost one-tenth of the native staff, more than one-fifth of the baptised Christians and nearly one-eighth of the pupils in schools were connected with German missionary societies. The future of the missionary enterprise will be tempered in some measure by the re-adjustment of this work in the Peace Settlement. (See page 251.) * * * * * * One-fifth of the world's population, mo~e than the combined population of the United States, Canada, South America and Africa live in India. Christian teachings have filled the people with ambition. Their new ethical ideas are derived to a start- ling degree from the New Testament, although most have not yet been led to the full acceptance of Christ as Saviour. (See page 259.) ****** India as a field of work among Mohammedans is second to none in promise and accessibility. Many confess that for them the tenets of Islam have little meaning, except.as a symbol and reminder of past glory, (See page 259.) *****• Nearly two thousand American and Kurdish children were gathered· by the Turks into an orphanage at 'Antoura, Syria, in 1915 and 1916. Last October after the Franco-British occupation of Beirut, only 669 orphans survived the Turkish methods of conducting an orphanage. This remnant is now cared fc>r under French and American direction. Industrial and educational classes will be formed and a plan of self-government will be introduced. (See page 287.) ***** * Although Meshed, a city in Eastern Persia, on the border of Afghanistan, is the first great sacred city of Islam in which Christian missionary work has been established, two-thirds of the expense of the medical mission work has been paid by the Persian people. (See page 266.) ****** It is a glorious testimony to the missionary spirit of the French Protestant churches thar in spiie of the awful sacrifices of the war, their offerings t() missions have been only one-sixth or one-seventh less than in pre-war times. (See pa·ge 289.) ****** The American Government is preparing to create Soldier Agricultural Settlements to give an outlet to the virile fo,rces now returning in khaki. This may furnish the key to the whole problem of social reconstruction. There are still 372,000,000 acres of uncultivated land which can be improved. Allowing 100 acres to a farm would mean 370,000 new farms, aud allowing 100 families to a church the necessity is seen for. 3,700 new churches within the next few years. (See pag 270.) *****• The Chinese are hungry for education. A school for working boys in Shanghai has grown in two years from 30 to 130 pupils. The teachers are volunteers and the course includes readiug and writing Chinese, arithmetic, English, games, Bible Study and religious meetings. (See page 306.) ****** The first Mormon church building erected in New York State was dedicated in Brooklyn last February. At this service it was announced that there are at present in New York State seven Mormon congregations with more than 750 members. (See page 308.) ….. **** Home mission folk take notice: Of the 335,998 American Indians in the United States 260,193 can neither read nDr write, and only Dne-third of the entire Indian population can speak English. (Se,e page 308.) NEW BOOKS ON MISSIONS Captain Bickel and the Inland Sea. By Wilson and Foch say C. K. Harrington. 8yo. 301 pp. $1.75. ••A man has deprived himself 0/ the best Fleming H. Reyell, New York, 1919. th£reis in the world who has depri,;eahim· Japan at First Hand. By Jos. 1. C. – – – – – — selfofintimate knowl· Clarke. 8yo. 482 pp. $2.50. T1odd, edge ofthe Bible. " Mead & Co. New York, 1910. -Pres. U ilson.

The Faith of Japan. By H. Tasuku. uThe Bible is certain- 12mo. $1.25. The Macmillan Com- ly the best prepartion that you can gir:e to pany. New York, 1919. an American soldier China and the World War. By W. goin/! into battle to sustain his magnificent idprll and faith. II Reginald Wheeler. 12mo. 263 pp. $1.75. -Mar8hal Foch to N. Y.. Bibl~ }:,o~ety. The Macmillan Company. New York, Answer this "Call to the Colors" 1918.

China Mission Year Book. 12mo. 429 Be a Trained JI~:~ !';;e!Jre~J l~~~iii:e:~i:e: pp. China Continuation Committee. Christian Worker ~~~;r~i~::'-~~~d::t!~a~~~:: Shanghai, 1919.

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The Macmillan Company. New York, Never was there such a great demand for those who prayerful, really know the Blble. There is personal profit beyond 1918. ' anything you can imaID.ne in systematic Bible Forty Years in Burma. By J. E. Marks. reading and study. Get ready! Start at onc.! The 8yo. 1917. 307 pp. $3.50. E. P. Dut- Correspondence Courses ton & Co. N ew York, 1917. ofthe MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE will give you a system to stndy by-a guide, a teacher. You will be a personal Dupil Mexico Today and Tomorrow. By Ed- -time, place and amount of study under your control. Ex.. ward D. Trowbridge. 12mo. 282 pp. aminations are written, assuri;.1g' accuracy in your work.

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.The Rage of Islam. By Yonan H. Summer Bible School Shahbaz. $1.50. American Baptist Pub- in New York lication Society. New York, 1918.

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Christian Internationalism. 'By William Bible Teachers Training School Pierson Merrill. 12mo. 193 pp. $1.50. The Macmillan Company. New York, Dr. W. W. White, President 1918.

Charles Chapin Tracy. By George E. Summer Term June IS-August 26, 1919 White. 12mo. 79 pp. $1.00. The Pil- grim Press. Boston, 1918.

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i'p. 4s, 6d. Morgan & Scott, Ltd. ea~~~~:~~~~~~~~Ol:~~~gd tl~~~t~~ London, 1918. A week of Conference, summarizing the world's The Conscience and Concessions. By Al- fred Wms. Anthony. 8yo. 270 pp. r~~~~~~~i ~~d:S~~~l(iJ!li~f~~~; $1.50. Fleming H. Revell. New York, 9-15. 1918. Special opportunities to visit social institutions.

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Six Red Months in Russia. By Louise 541 Lexington Avenue, New York Bryant. 8vo. 299 pp. $2.00. Geo. H. Doran Company. New York, 1919. HARTFORD American Motherhood W. Douglas Mackenzie For Every Home in the Land President Recognized Authority on Theological Seminary J . The MOTHE Dean, M. W. Jacobus The CHILD and School of Religious Pedagogy The HOME .

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Through these associated schools Hartford Cooperstown, N. Y. offers full training for: I. The CbristiBD miDistry. 2. The whole field of religioDs edUcatiOD. 3. The forelga field.

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THE BEST WAY One of the aims of our advertising depart- ~ to serve Communion. a is re'ertmt ment is to be helpful to those of Bauitary, andincreasesatteodance.t OUR READERS the Lord's Supper. Our eerviees are chaste and beautifuL Made of finMtt who are seeking information about articles m&terials and best workm.aDRhip. they wish to purchase whether found in our advertising columns cr not. We will 8tnd for iUu.rlTakd price lilt gladly answer your inquiries and endeavor to fulfil yourrequirements by putting you INDIVIDUAL COMMUNION SERVICE CO. in touch. with responsible business houses. 1701 Cbednat Street Philadelphia, Pa. OUR ADVERTISERS NEW BOOKS CONTINUED are deserving of your patronage. We bespeak for them your con.ideration. Morale. By Harold Goddard. 12mo. 118 pp. $1.00. Geo. H. Doran Com- Business Department pany. New York, 1919.

Missionary Review Pub. Co. Inc. India's Silent Revolution. By Fred B. Fisher and Gertrude M. Williams. 156 Fifth Avenue 12mo. $1.50. The Macmillan Co. New New York City York, 1919.

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