The Missionary Review of the World — May 1939

1939

The Church in Arabia Salutes You Paul W. Harrison Twenty..six Thousand Africans Converted L. K. Anderson Evangelical Progress in Brazil Philip S. Landes Experiences of a Missionary in Hainan Henry H. Bucher Saint Lucas of Allahabad Dr. and Mrs. Sam Higginbottom and Others Among the Indians in North Dakota Thomas A. Simpson Using Fingers for Eyes Lewis B. Chamberlain 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember P LA 0 W ~I ~I to Spend Next Suauner". Vacation with some

I~ I~ America'. Greate.t Tbeolopcal Teachers. May 1-3 –..,. Tenth Annual Missionary Education Institute. Third Chris- Winona Lake School of Theology, Winona Lake, Indiana tian Church, Indianapolis, Ind. For Ministers. Teachers. Miuioaaries. SwuIa,. School Workers aDd La)'JDeD May 14-Rural Life Sunday. For sug- gestions write to Committee on Courses leading to Regular Theological Degrees, Cost Reasonable 50 FREE Town and Country, 297 Fourth Ave., July 11 to August 16-Two Terms 15 Day. Each-Interdenominational ROO M S New York. Evangelical Faith and High Scholarship Combined May 25 – General .Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in U. S. A., Dr. W. E. HiedeNoH. Director Ask for free Proopectus from Dr. J. A. Haffmaa. D…. Marion. Ind. Cleveland, Ohio. copal Summer Camp, P. O. Bijou, Rev. William A. Waddell, D.D., May 25-World-Wide Day of Prayer California-including Utah, Nevada honorably retired missionary of the for ministers and missionaries. and California; Eastern (Sept. 11- Presbyterian Church in South Brazil, 13), Thomas Indian School, Iroquois, died in Sao Paulo, Brazil, February May 30-June 2-Third Biennial Insti- New York – including Michigan, 22, after an illness of several months. tute, A Movement for World Chris- New York, North Carolina and Dr. Waddell went to Brazil in 1890. tianity, New York, N. Y. Florida. He was elected President of Mackenzie College in 1914, and held this position June 7-13 – Ann u a I Conference, Obituary Notes until 1927. From then until his re- Church of the Brethren, Anderson, tirement in 1932, his time was spent Ind. Dr. John Mason Somerndike, a sec- in evangelistic and Presbyterial work retary of the Presbyterian Board of throughout Brazil. June 8 – General Synod of the Re- National Missions, died of heart dis- formed Church in America, New ease on March 14 at his home in *•• York, N. Y. South Orange, New Jersey, at 61 years of age. Dr. Somerndike was Mrs. William A. Mather, Presby- June 16-24-Winona Summer School born in Philadelphia in 1877 and was terian missionary in Paoting, China, of Missions, Winona Lake, Ind. connected with the Presbyterian died in Peiping, February 19. She Courses include Bible, Missions, Board for forty years. Recently his assisted her husband in rural evan- Text Books and addresses by mis- work had to do J,T.<ainly with Sunday gelism and taught in the Girls' Bible sionaries. Write to Mrs. C. E. school missions, Alaska and the In- School, in the Nurses' Training School, Ahrensfeld. 431 S. East Ave., Oak dians. He was the author of "Sunday conducted a Mothers' Club and trained Park, Ill. School Missionary Incidents and Exer- volunteer workers. cises," "Teachers' Manual of Week- June 20-25 – Northern Baptist Con- Day Bible Lessons," "Sunday Schools *** vention, Los Angeles, Calif. in Town and Country," "On the Fir- ing Line," "By-Products of the Rural Dr. Luke Tamikichi Imaizumi, a June 21-25-Sunday School and B. Y. Sunday School." Surviving are his Christian physician who had devoted P. U. Congress of the National Bap- widow, Edna Smith' Somerndike, two the last years of his life to the spread tist Convention, U. S. A., (Inc.) , daughters and a son, J. M. Somern- of Christianity in Japan, died at Tulsa, Okla. dike, 3rd. Sendai, December 30th. In 1932, after making provision for his family, he July 6-11 – International Christian *** turned over the greater part of his Endeavor Convention, Cleveland, fortune, about $100,000, to be used for Ohio. Rev. E. S. Greenbaum, of Montreal, strengthening the Church in Japan. a former president of the Hebrew July ll-August 16 – Winona Lake Christian Alliance of America and '" '" '" School of Theology. Winona Lake, founder of the Hebrew Congregation Ind. Dean, Dr. J. A. Huffman, 302 of Christ in Montreal, died on March Dr. Spencer Lewis, veteran Meth- Morton Blvd., Marion, Ind. 25. He was born 50 years ago in odist missionary in China, died at Poland. After his conversion he Chengtu, February 15th, at the age July 22-28-Baptist World Congress. studied theology in America and was of 85. He had served in China 58 Atlanta, Ga. ordained to the Christian ministry in years and after his retirement in 1929 1917. remained in semi~ctive service until July 24-August 2-World Conference his death. of Christian Youth, Amsterdam, Rev. Martin *Eric* E*kvall, for forty- Holland. '" '" '" six years a missionary in China under Aug. 5-10-Ninth Quadrennial Con- the Christian and Missionary Alliance, Mrs. W. T. Larimer, formerly a sec- vention of the Woman's Home and died on January 6 at Hangkow, retary of the Presbyterian Board for Foreign Missionary Sdciety of Af- China. Mr. Ekvall was born in Christ- Freedmen, died February 15. She rican Methodist Episcopal Zion dala, Sweden, on July 26, 1866. His retired as secretary in 1928 but con- Church, Detroit, Mich. parents emigrated from Sweden in tinued to serve in the Pittsburgh Pres- 1882 and settled near Manchester, byterial Society. August 13-20-Geneva Summer School N. H. Martin and his younger sister of Missions, Lake Geneva, Wis. became students at the Missionary (Concluded on Tkwd Cover.) For information write to Mrs. Paul Training College in New York and H. Wezeman, 1177 S. Humphrey were appointed to China in 1892. Withthause Ave., Oak Park, Ill. of this Co-. every *** Young People'. Society may Regional Conferences of Indian Mis- eonvertef1..into a Sghgol fot sionary Workers, held under the Bishop Joseph Marshall Francis, Bible Training! . – .. auspices of The National Fellowship oldest Protestant Episcopal diocesan of Indian Workers, are as follows: bishop in America, died in Indianapolis 1939 Christian Workers' Course Oklahoma (June 6-8), Bacone Col- on February 13, in his 77th year. Ex- lege, Bacone, Okla. (near Musko- cept for ill health, Bishop Francis A Scriptural Study Each Week-52 Lessons gee)-including Oklahoma, Kansas, would have completed 52 years of Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas; service in the Church last December. A practical, effective course in methods S'authwest (June 13-15), Ganado of Christian work and soul-winning, Mission, Arizona – including New *** Mexico, Arizona and Colorado; Pa- Send 15c in slampa for current iSsue. Mr. Edwin F. Willis, treasurer of cific Northwest (June 20 – 22), the Executive Committee of Foreign HRISTIAN PUBLICATlONSJNG Missions for the Presbyterian Church, (place to be announced)-including U. S., died February 2, in Nashville, 1502 N. Third St., Harrisburg, Pa. Montana, Idaho, Oregon and Wash- Tenn. ington; Central (June 27-29) , Yank- ton College, Yankton, S. D.-includ- ing Nebraska, Iowa, North and South Dakota, Wyoming, Minnesota and Wisconsin; Western (Aug. 29- 31), "Galilee" on Lake Tahoe, Epis-

MISSIONARY Personal

REVIEW OF THE WORLD Dr. J. H. Oldham, who has held the DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor office of Secretary of the International Missionary Council since its beginning VOL. LXII MAY, 1939 No.5 in 1910, has resigned in order to give more time to the problems inherent in Publication and Business Office- the relations between Church, Com- Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. munity and State, and the efforts that are being made to solve them. Dr. Editorial and Executive Office– Oldham was the first editor of the In- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. ternational Review of Missions, estab- Entered as second-class matter at lished after the Edinburgh Conference in 1910. In later years, he made Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Africa his special care, and served as Act of March 3, 1879. a member of the Commission on Closer Union in East Africa, member of the 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Advisory Committee on Education in Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. the Tropical Dependencies and as Ad- Published monthly, except August. ministrative Director of the Interna- All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1939. tional Institute of African Languages British agents – Marshall, Morgan and Cultures. and Scott, 12 PaternDster Buildings, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, *** 10 sh!11ings a year. Madam Chiang Kai-shek has been MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- awarded the gold medal of honor of LISHING CO., INC. the New York City Federation of Woman's Clubs for her "indomitable BOARD OF DIRE'CTORS courage and leadership in the crisis ROBERT E. SPEER, President of her native land." This is the first A. L. WARNSHUIS, Vice-President time the award has been made since WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer 1929. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary *** PAUL J. BRAISTED SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Mary Reed, friend of lepers, at 84 D. J. FANT years of age is still superintending MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD the leper colony at Chandag Heights, WM. B. LIPPHARD India. Miss Reed's fifty years of ERIC M. NORTH work for lepers has recently received SAMUEL M. ZWEMER a spontaneous tribute through meet- ings, letters, radio talks, and by the Editorial Chat publication of a new biography. Only 10 swift days direct to Yokohama when you sail by The June number of THE REVIEW *** Empress to the Orient. Only will deal largely with the progress of 3 more days to visit lovely Christianity in America and the de- Sigurgier Sigurdsson has been Hawaii en route by Empress oj velopment of the Christian Church. elected Lutheran Bishop of Iceland to Japan, largest and fastest liner This includes a wide range of activi- succeed Bishop Helgason, retired. on the Pacific, or Empress oj ties, in various fields and by many The new Bishop is 49 years old and Canada. From California types of work. Christian work in has served ten years as pastor in the ports connect at Honolulu. America includes not only pioneering most rugged part of Iceland. in new territory but reclaiming old Frequent sailings from both ground; attempts to reach nOlI; only *** Vancouver and Victoria to miners, and lumbermen of the West Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, and North, but mountains of the The Hon. Kensuke Horinouchi, Shanghai,HongKong,Manila. South; it includes neglected city areas Japan's new ambassador to the United Consult YOUR OWN TRAVEL and rural districts; Indians and Ne- States, is a witnessing Christian. His AGENT or Canadian Pacific: groes, Orientals and Mexicans, Euro- home in Tokyo has often been opened 41 offices in U. S. and Canada. peans and Eskimos, neglected rich and to Christian meetings where morning neglected poor, industrial workers and devotions are the rule. migrants, Moslems, Mormons, Buddhists and atheists. Only a few of *** these will be dealt with but all must be kept in mind in the study of Home Dr. James Dexter Taylor, of Johan- Missions. Our June and July issues nesburg, South Africa, who is now in will be overflowing with interesting the United States, is supervisor of the amalgamated churches of the Rand articles. Native Mission of the Congregational Union of South Africa and of the *** American Board Mission. Dr. Taylor has written a number of books dealing Readers have recently sent in their with race relations and missionary work. comments on the REVIEW, as follows: *** "The March issue is a splendid num- Mrs. Richard H. Soule, who origber and we certainly will use it to ad- inated the United Thank Offering plan fifty' years ago,- celebrated 90 vantage." MISS MARY MOORE, years on February 17. The annual thank offering topped a million before Secretary for the Western A rea, the financial depression. Board of Foreign Missions, *** Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Robert B. Giffen, recently student *** pastor at the University of Chicago, has become secretary for the Univer- "I find your magazine the best that comes into the office." (Concluded on Third Cover.) ESTHER ROYAL ALTMAN, [225 ] Cincinnati Branch, Woman's For- eign Missionary Society, Meth- odist Episcopal Church.

BRAZIL – THE MONROE PALACE IN RIO DE

BY OX-CART IS STILL ONE OF THE MODES OF TRAVEL IN THE INTERIOR OF BRAZIL THE OLD AND THE NEW IN BRAZIL (See page 243) REVIB ORLD VOLUME LXII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WOBLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 5 MAY, 1939 Topics of the Times CHRISTIAN TRENDS IN JAPAN dent is their opposition to Christ and His spiritual AND CHINA program.

There was a time, forty years ago, when Japan Contrast the trend in China. Forty years ago seemed almost ready to accept Christ ·as the na- the Boxer rebellion sought to obliterate Christiantional ideal if not as divine Saviour. The old edicts ity in China and to drive the "foreign devils" into against Christianity were no more and the boards the sea. Many Christians died as martyrs, but on which they had been posted were only found in the succeeding ten years more Chinese became in museums. There was religious liberty; Bud- Christians than in the previous one hundred years. dhism was dying and Shinto was becoming more But even after the republic was founded by a proand more only a patriotic cult. Many Japanese fessing Christian and religious liberty was propeasants, students and even rulers were turning to Christ and there seemed a possibility that the claimed, there was a widespread anti-Christ.ian Japanese nation might adopt the Christian way of life. But the Christian Church was not ready to sentiment. Governmental decrees separatmg rise fully to the opportunity with a sufficient Church and State included laws against religious supply of consecrated men, money and prayer. instruction even in Christian schools and colleges. This was a serious blow to mission work but Then the tide turned. Rationalism came into Christianity continued to spread. schools and colleges to foster unbelief in Christ and in the authority of the Bible. Materialism Today China is passing through a baptism of took hold of the people and they sought satisfac- blood which is having a refining influence. Not tion in the cultural fruits of Christianity, while only has the anti-Christian feeling disappeared they overlooked the roots. Japanese travelers in but the whole nation seems to be turning toward America and Europe brought stories of the failure Christ. Many of the national leaders are outto practice Christianity in the lands from which standing Christians and not only is missionary missionaries were being sent to Japan. The World work favored but the law forbidding religious War brought another crushing blow to Christian education in public and private schools has been idealism. More recently the increasing power of abrogated. The sacrificial service of the missionthe nationalistic military party in Japan has pro- aries in China's time of need has shown the true moted the effort to establish Shinto shrines .in character of Christ and His Gospel. all Japanese controlled territory, to promote em- But what will be the effect if schools, churches peror worship and to make national S.h.into su- and other institutions in China should come under preme. Patriotism has become a reIIglOn, .and Japanese control? military might is the only power recognIzed. Japan and Korea are both suffering from th~ de- One foreign observer writes: . termination to make Japan supreme – obedIence to God being secondary. This attitude of the If Japan should win this war, Jtahpeando, o~roroefa,mFisosrimonoasray, domI·nant mI·II·tary party in Japan is making opportunity in the Orient-China, Christian life and work difficult in lands dom- embracing a third of the human race, WIll gradually be inated by the Mikado's army. The greater the success of Japan's military forces, the more evi- closed. She will extend her anti-Christian activities from Korea and Japan proper to China, just as soon as possible.

Here is a significant list of questions submitted by the Jap- anese gendarmerie to representative minis~ers of the Chr~s­ tian churches in Japan: "1. Who is thIS God of ChrIS- tianity? 2. What is your opinion of the 800 myriads of gods of Japan? 3. What is the difference between the Emperor of Japan and your God? 4. What is the differ- [227 ]

ence between a foreign ruler and your God? 5. What is r the relation between the Bible and Imperial Edicts? 6. What is the difference between Imperial Commands and claimed that she was defending them-that it is time the the Commands of Christ? 7. What is your opinion of an- truth or falsity of her claims were definitely proved. The cestor worship and shrine worship? 8. What is your opin- missionaries all go "at their own risk." ion of the ancestors of the Emperor? 9. What is the ultimate goal of your religion? 10. What is your idea of The recently reported statement by the Chinese Comreligious freedom? 11. Why do you regard worship at munist leader, Chu Teh, that he welcomed the mission- Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines as superstitious? aries raises an important point. In 1927 the Chinese Gov- 12. What is the difference between the Christian spirit ernment was opposed to Christian missions in many ways. and the spirit of Japan?" To give honest and Biblical Missionaries settled down to their tasks and in a few years answers to such questions would undoubtedly lead to op- the Chinese Government came to appreciate their work. position and persecution. In 1933 in our conference on "Christianity and Commu- nism" we decided that the only thing Christians could do But if China is victorious the result will be a great vic- was to out-live and out-serve the Communist. Missionary tory for democracy, for human freedom, and for religious efforts, especially in this year of great suffering, ha:ve now liberty. The doors of international trade will be opened won the respect of this Chinese Communist leader. wider than ever before, as China will need vast amounts of everything at one time for her rehabilitation. And best SIGNS OF LIFE AND DEATHof all the doors of missionary opportunity will be opened wider than ever before, not only in China, but in Japan, IN A CHURCH Korea, Formosa, and Manchuria. Victory for China will mean the triumph of right over might. It will mean the Springtime brings new signs of life – in budliberation of the Japanese people themselves from the in- ding trees and flowers, in new apparel, and in human tyranny of their own wicked military leaders. many church services. These awakenings are Surely Christian hearts all over the world should daily peri'Odic. At the Easter sunrise gatherings in join in prayer for victory for China and her brave Chris- hundreds of places all over the United States tian leaders. Surely the citizens of the United States there were pr'Obably not less than 200,000 people should vigorously protest to their government against the present, 'Ostensibly to commemorate the resurrecsale of anything to Japan that aids her in this iniquitous tion of Christ f.om the dead. Without doubt at war, this wanton orgy of murdering innocent men, women least thirty million people in America attended and little children. Christian church services at sometime on Easter -many of them for the first time this year. How Eighty per cent of the missionaries are remain- much does this celebration mean? It is difficult ing in China and most of the mission stations are to know how much is 'Outward show and how much still 'Occupied. The Chinese Christians are show- is an evidence 'Of inward spiritual life. Will the ing their courage and their patriotism, and openly 'Outward signs of awakening continue and bear testify to the c'Omfort and P'Ower of Christ and His fruit or will this apparent life be followed by an Gospel. What can Christian missionaries do for early blight? the Chinese in this time of crisis? Much in every way. They are a tremendous force for righteous- In many shop windows in large cities there ness and save multitudes of Chinese from death are on exhibition beautiful plants and flowersand starvati'On, from dish'Onor, despair and spir- palms, ferns, lilies, poinsettias, roses. They are itual defeat. One missionary writes: the same day after day, year after year; they never wither and die; they are artificial, without In the occupied territories our first duty is to carryon. life. The evidences 'Of life in a plant, an animal, Because their fundamental purpose is humanitarian rather a soul, a church are ability to breathe, to feed, t'O than nationalistic, Christian missions cannot enter into change, to grow, t'O reproduce its own kind. Life any "scorched earth policy." As the Chinese Government is "ability to respond to environment" and is maintold the Friends: "We can do a great deal for our own tained by a life producing and stimulating enpeople behind our lines, but there is a job we cannot do. vironment. That is to care for the people behind the Japanese lines. That you can do. Go and do it." The need is tremendous It requires n'O argument to pr'Ove that the life and the gratitude of the people almost breaks your heart! of a church is n'Ot shown by its beautiful buildings, The Christian missionary i3 the best friend the Chinese by the size of its membership, by the state 'Of its people in the occupied territory have. Every missionary finances, by the el'Oquence 'Of the sermons, by the who can possibly go back should dd so, with the exception impressiveness 'Of its ritual, or by the attendance of women with small children, and even that depends upon at its services. These may all be go'Od and helpful each family's own· position and desires. Single women but they are not the signs of true spiritual life. have proved that they can carry on even under war conditions almost if not as well as men. The story of how A report recently received from a very intellisix women and one man doctor have protected 5,000 refu- gent and spiritually-minded observer in a Chrisgees from the Japanese army in one mission compound tian church contains the following diagnosis 'Of a without any consular assistance, will go down as a classic church in a small American city: of heroism and devotion. Of course, the going of missionaries into occupied territory raises the question of Amer- This church has fallen on difficult days and may be ican rights and interests. But if we hold back for fear forced to close its doors. Only about one-third of the memof those complications we will betray our sacred trust and bers pay anything toward church support; the minister's obligations to serve the suffering. We do not ask for mili- salary is in arrears. . . . The reason for this condition tary protection. Japan has proclaimed so loudly that she is, I believe, that the people do not take any interest outwould protect the rights of third party nationals–even

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

side of themselves. None of them seem to have any and gives evidence of the fruit of the Spirit in knowledge of Christian stewardship. All of the men and love, joy and peace; one whose people show that most of the women show that they do not want to hear they are truly interested in promoting the Cause anything about missions. . . . Many are strongly opposed of Christ throughout the world. to having any benevolence budget. The church does not seem to be spiritually minded. I have never heard any VOLUNTEER SERVICE elder or deacon offer prayer in any meeting-and few of them attend. There is work but no true life; the chief Are we mercenary? Does anyone say that men idea of Christian activity seems to be entertainment, and women will not do effective and continuous church suppers and such things. . . . When the pastor work unless they are paid for their services? The started a Bible class for Lenten services less than ten peo- American Red Cross, that serves humanity in so ple were present, out of a total membership of four hun- many emergencies, has had a remarkable history dred. . . . The majority of the women belong to clubs that disproves this cynical charge. It is called of one sort or another and seem to want to make the upon in times of flood, drought, fire, epidemics, church just another club. hurricane or war to bring relief to many thou- sands who are suffering and in distress or danger. In contrast to this, note the signs of Life in the Forty years ago the headquarters of the Amerrecent annual report of the Peoples Church, To~ ican Red Cross in Wasihington consisted of a oneronto. The pastor is a Bible student, an evangelist room office with one full-time employee; its list and a spiritual teacher. He is deeply interested of donors numbered about three hundred and there in missionary work and ten years ago he organ- were only a few hundred dollars in the national ized "The Peoples Missionary Socety" of the treasury. Today the organization occupies its church. Now they contribute to the support of own building and has a large staff of efficient em- 130 missionaries in eighteen different fields at ployees. But the remarkable fact is that today home and abroad. Their congregational expenses, the Red Cross has in the United States 3,700 local including $3,966 for radio broadcasting, amount to chapters with 3,500,000 members. Its 197,397 $20,410 a year, while they give nearly $40,000 a. volunteer workers are always on call for service; year to missions. and they gave last year the equivalent of more than 105,000 days of volunteer service. They This church shows activity, but also life and made garments, layettes, surgical dressings; they power. The Peoples Monthly states: drove automobiles, gave public health aid, helped in hospitals, prepared food and fed victims of This church stands preeminently for the conversion of many disasters; with free smiling service they souls, the edification of believers and world-wide evan- also collected a million or more dollars in the nagelism; emphasizing especially the four great essentials~ tional relief and membership campaigns. salvation, the deeper life, missions and our Lord's return; endeavoring by every means to give the Gospel message to Another noteworthy fact is that the efficient the Christless masses both at home and abroad, in the head of this organization, Mis,s Mabel Thorp shortest possible time. Boardman, who has been leading the Red Cross for thirty-nine years, has never received any sal- The church activities include: a missionary ary, although she works daily from 9 a. m. to medical institute for prospective missionaries, reg- 4 p. m. and keeps four secretaries busy. It is reular preaching services, radio broadcasts, Sunday markable that this organization, with all its power school with adult Bible classes, elders' and ushers' and money for relief has kept out of politics and, prayer meetings each Sunday, Warriors prayer though handling millions of dollars of public meetin~s, children's services, young people's meet- money, has been free from scandal or charges of ings, women's prayer meetings, church prayer selfish and wasteful use of its relief funds. meetings, Sunday school teachers' meetings, and monthly meetings, for converts and personal All honor to the Red Cross workers; but they workers. are not alone in this free and sacrificial volunteer service for humanity. The Christian Church and How can we expect evidences of spiritual life in its missionary organizations have a still more wona church organization unless there is spiritual life derful record. In the American Protestant Chrisin the pastor and the individual church members? tian churches alone there are not less. than two True life will be manifested in earnest prayer and million women who are working as volunteers to Bible study, in personal work for the conversion serve their fellow men, women, and children, and of non-Christians, in vital spiritual activities and to promote the Kingdom of God on Earth. These in the practice of stewardship of time, talents and women provide free motor service, sew on garmoney. Any church that is not a working force ments, speak at meetings, collect funds, do free for Christ and the Kingdom of God, is apt to be clerical work, cook and serve meals, visit the sick a farce, without effectiveness for the fulfilment of and strangers, care for children, teach Bible Christ's program.

An Indian Christian, N. K. Mukerjee, remarks that a "converted church" is one that is vitally related to Christ; one that is fruitful in spiritual children, not barren; one that lives victoriously

classes – in churches, homes, Christian associa- vited. Mohammedan converts have recently been tions, missions, jails, hospitals and other insti- able to register themselves as Christians, and their tutions. They give or collect not less than marriages by Christian ceremony are officially $20,000,000 a year to support the work done recognized. All religious faiths must stand on through Protestant churches and various Chris- their own merit rather than on tradition or force.

tian societies. All this volunteer service is ren- Iranian officials often praise Christian schools dered without publicity, public honors or material and hospitals and many send their children to rewards. These women are not organized into one these schools rather than to the government insti- great body under an outstanding human leader tutions. Sons and daughters of Cabinet and but they nevertheless work faithfully and effi- Parliament members, of provincial governors ciently, serving Christ and humanity. Their re- and other high officials have been students in ward is reaped in the lives they brighten or help mission schools. Missionary teachers are asked to save, and in the youth whom they teach and to serve on examining boards in Government ex- enlist in the cause of Jesus Christ. aminations, and serve on committees appointed While Chrstian women render the major part by the Ministry of Education to draft new curric- of such volunteer service, the men are not far be- ula for elementary and secondary schools. Re- hind. Their WIOrk is more largely on boards and cently when the Ministry of Education wished to committees, and in furnishing funds for the con- open Government nurs,ing schools they asked for duct of Christian enterprises. When to the Prot- half the time of three American missionary nurs- estants we add the Roman and Greek Catholic and es for three years. to start this work. Here was other volunteer workers, it is clear that mankind is an opportunity to render a unique service to Iran.

not wholly engrossed in the pursuit of money and Christianity in Iran faces new opportunities and pleasure. Sacrificial service is honored among all it is time to pres,s forward in the works of Chris- men-whether it is rendered in the sphere of the .tian faith and love.

State, in social welfare or the Church. Those who acknowledge allegiance to Christ are inspired by INTERDENOMINATIONAL COOPERATION His teachings and example. IN MEDICAL MISSIONS CHRISTIAN OPPORTUNITY IN IRAN Christian workers in mission lands are usually less conscious of the denOiminational distinctions The ancient land of Darius, the Persian, is and barriers than in the United States. This is attracting attention by the progress made in gov- particularly true in medicine. Dr. Edward M. ernment, in material improvements and in educa- Dodd, medical secretary of the Presbyterian tion. The Shah Riza Khan Pahlevi, is 'absolute Board of Foreign Missions, in his Founder's Day ruler of about nine million people. While Islam is address at the Clifton Springs Sanitarium and the recognized religion, and Moslem "doctors of Clinic, said: "It is an 'old saw' that there is no law" wield great influence, there is more religious distinctively Methodist medicine or Presbyterian liberty in Iran than there has been. – The Govern- surgery, no difference between Baptist and Episment seeks to take an impartial attitude toward copalian diagnoses – whatever may be said for all religion and Zoroastrianism, Judaism and Baptist hydrotherapy! Christianity are all recognized. Some officials are – "Most of the large mission medical hospitals in Christians or are very friendly toward Christiani- the field are union institutions in which various ty. "ASia matter of fact, (says a recent Bulletin), denominational groups collaborate. more limitations have been plraced on Mohammedan ceremonies, such as the famous. Moharram cele- "At this end of the line (in America) the Misbrations, than on Christian activities. . The sion Boards have had a joint examining office for Moslem ecclesiastics, who formerly often exer- several years in New York City and last summer cised more authority than government officials, a Christian Medical Council for Overseas Work have been reduced in number and are largely was organized. stripped of power." "There is still so much to be done, so large a In Iran today Evangelical Christians are quite medical and Christian contribution to be made in medical missions, that a life-time service should free to conduct preaching and worship services be devoted to this work. The chief hazards and handicaps today are the extreme phases of nationand to carryon evangelistic effort. Schools are alism in some countries which may in time shut even allowed to give Christian instruction to out foreign doctors, even though a country may Christian students; the government requires all not be adequately supplied with its own physicians elementary pupils to take examinations in the and hospitals. The Church at home should supteachings of their own faith. Missionaries and port and promote this arm of Christian missions Iranian evangelists hold public services to which while there is opportunity." Moslems and other non-Christians are freely in-

Church in Arabia Salutes You*

By PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat I ~ .. – i Missionary of the Reformed Church in America ,~========================~I A RABIA is a small country, small in population good news? Everything that is recorded of His .L. at least. Three million men and women, earthly life is part of our message, and everything more or less, are scattered over a million that we know of the significance of His death and square miles of territory. The rainfall can hardly resurrection-all of His humanity and all of His exceed an inch a. year, and perhaps no area in the deity, and in their identifi,cation is our salvation.

world is quite so poor as Arabia. The drought That message we have carried to Arahia. We and the heat and the hunger have hardened the are celebrating our fiftieth anniversary this year.

Arab into one of the great races of the world. Once upon a time there was an Irishman. Some- Mohammed lived and died there, and he still holds body asked him how he was getting along. "Very the souls of the Arabs in the hollow of his hand. badly," he saia, "starvation is staring me in the Christ told us to "Go into all the world and make face." "That," said his friend, "must be very dis- disciples. of all the nations." It would be hard to agreeable for both of you." For forty-five years discover a more difficult task than this one, the that was our situation in Arabia. Our major in- transformation of the Arabs into disciples of door sport was staring our robust sense of failure Christ. But a promise was given with that com. in the face, and it was very disagreeable for all mand. "All power is given unto me in Heaven of us.

and on earth" and "Lo, I am with you all the days." But it is not true any longer. Five years ago, It is in that power that we go out to obey the com- Dr. Dame took a trip down to the Pirate Coast mand. Not with the tepid and futile feeling that and there he preached the Gospel. He did not have men ought to become disciples, but the confident much time for preaching, and perhaps he did not conviction that they will do so. Everything de- preach it very well; but Abdur Razzak listened pends' on this. If we succeed in making men dis- and walked right into the Kingdom of God as a ciples of Christ we succeed in our task. If we fail result of what he heard. It was a gift of God to here, we fail. His workers in Arabia, and we thanked Him and And in carrying out this difficult command, al- took courage.

most the most important equipment of all is a Forty-five years ago, Zaharah was born in Bah- robust sense of failure which refuses to be satis- rein. She did not live a monotonous life, and after fied with anything short of genuine discipleship. she married Mohammed, neither did he. She Human nature is weak and there are two direc- would quarrel with her husband more and more tions in which we tend to slip out from under the industriously until finally there was a major ex- pressure. The first is the wishful thought that if plosion; her husband, having patiently endured only we can provide a man with a shirt, having in many hard words and curses, would lose his it one hole instead of two, we will thereby save his temper, too. After some years Mohammed took soul. The doctors are the ones who yield here. We a second wife, Safeeah, and that made the situa- mend up the holes in a man's anatomical shirt, and tion still worse.

fondly hope that in some way this will make him Zaharah came into contact with the mission- a better man. One year we operated on three aries. She wanted something better than this life hundred hernia patients in Bahrein, and with all of disgrace and fighting and tears, but her resent- these anatomical shirts mended, the city was not ment was hot and her pride was like iron. The the least bit saved. Kingdom of God seemed very far away. But one The final interview in which Christ told us to day after a particularly disgraceful explosion she go and make disciples of all the nations was re- sat in tears in the path where she knew I would ported by Mark, and he remembered that Christ pass. Her pride was gone.

also said, "Go ye therefore and preach the Gospel "Sahib," she said, "I have done it again. What to the whole creation." We make men disciples can I do?"

by giving them the good news about Christ. What I told her that Christ would cleanse her heart of the terrible temper if she would give it com- • Report of an address given at the Madras Conference of the pletely into His hands. I led her in prayer, a word I. M. C.

[231 ]

at a time. She hesitated at the prayer, "And, God, brought over to, A:rabia and sold as slaves. NOQbie I take Safeeah to be my sister," but after a little was brought Qver as a baby, and his memory bepause she said those words too, and Christ led her gins with the bitter experiences of a slave boy into His Eternal Kingdom. Now she is the strong- whose father and mother were gone; he, a rebelest member of our Muscat group, and while she lious little .boy who wanted to run away and find has nQt led an altogether monotonous life as a them. Noobie is proof, for those who, need it, that Christian, a very splendid Christian she certainly the human spirit has a strength that cannot be has been. broken and a beauty that nothing can efface. Through forty-five years he tried to, escape, and Mobarrek was a sceptic. His first wife was a blows and irons were CQmmQn, but his spirit relittle wild thing, and he at that time was not much otherwise, but they were utterly devoted to each fused to break. other. Then the twin babies came. Out of the After many efforts, which failed, there came valley of the shadQw they came alone. The mo,ther remained behind. Mobarrek never got over that. one which succeeded. At sundown while he was He tried other matrimonial experiments, and a paying the penalty for a previous. unsuccessful bad time was had by all. He became our best com- effQrt, and was wearing the manacles which are pounder, and a very splendid perso,nal friend. their reward, a wandering camel came Qver to However, to the message of Christ he seemed ut- where he was standing. Mounting, irons and all, terly impervious. The mQre he heard of the Gos- he raced savagely thrQugh the night until Muttreh pel the more devout a Moslem he became. One and safety were only eight miles away. There he night I was led to share with him some of my o,wn left the camel dying behind him, and half-crept, deep experiences. The death of his first wife had half-walked over the weary miles that remained. been a desolating experience, and its scars were Providence was with him this time, fQr he met no still on his soul. I had walked in that path too,. Arab anxious to, send him back into the Purgatory It is not easy to share experiences of that sort, .but from which he was escaping, and at last he it is in the deep recesses of our SQuls that Christ dragged himself thrQugh the gates into the delecsaves us, and in that hour of sharing Mobarrek table city. A friendly blacksmith remQved his put his hand in Christ's and has fQund in Him an heavy jewelry and the British CQnsul gave him absolute Master ever since. He leads the Muscat his freedom. When Mobarrek walked into, the group with a love and a maturity that are superb. Kingdom Qf GQd, NQQbie fQllowed him, and the two, have been inseparable cQmpanions Qf the King And Noobie. Who is Noobie? He was a slave ever since. Qf the Bedouins for fQrty-five years. He has been a slave of Jesus Christ for three. AIQng the Mik- And so, the Church which is in Arabia salutes ron coast of Baluchistan tribal raids are common, YQU, yQur brQthers and partakers with yQU in the and the women and children who are captured are tribulation and KingdQm and patience which are in Jesus.

. SOME AFRIOANS' ANSWERED PRAYERS In a sixth grade Bible class in the West Africa MissiQn, the questiQn was asked: "Men- tion sQmething GQd has given you in answer to, prayer."

The fQllQwing answers were fQund among the papers handed in by the pupils. MQt MebomQ said, "I first became a Christian, but my mQther refused to, believe. She preferred the faith Qf my father and her father. But I prayed GQd fQr two, years and she now is a fQllQwer Qf Christ." Nkoe Le'e said, "When my brother's wife died and left a small baby, he wanted me to, take care of it fQr him, even though I was just an unmarried schQQI bQY. But I prayed God that he would give me wisdQm and patience and He did. Today the baby is big and has gQne to, live with his father. I cared fQr him a whole year." MbazQng Zok said, "When I was Qn vacation, it looked as though I CQuld nQt PQssibly find work to make the mQney to, buy my school books and pay GQvernment taxes. I knew I CQuld not CQme back to, schQQI withQut these things so, I prayed GQd with all the strength and hunger in my heart and He put it into, the hearts Qf my friends and they gave me palm kernels to, crack that I sold until I had money enQugh fQr everything." Angumu Kak said, "I was IQst in the fQrest Qne night. I knew a leopard WQuld eat me be- fQre morning and my heart was filled with fear. So, I prayed GQd that He WQuld take care Qf me. Next morning, God showed me the path that led to, my village."-Presbyterian Board News.

Twenty~Six Thousand

Were Converted An Experience of the Church in West Africa ~ –<ilil By the REV. L K. ANDERSON, Metet, Camoroun I THE West Africa Mission of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., has had a remarkable growth in recent years. But the knowledge of the untouched thousands in the Cameroun, and the many weak members of the Church, led the Mission to plan a general evangelistic campaign for Christ. The Bulu have a word that describes it oban, meaning "a raid to capture slaves and booty." This campaign was to capture men and women for Christ.

The forces and supplies for this campaign were appraised. The spiritual ammunition was gath- ered in the truth of the Gospel, simple enough to be understood by the least educated. Messages of God's plan of salvatiO'n were printed at the mis- sion press. A strategy was thought out, flexible enough to suit the need of every station and tribe.

Then, according to traditional native procedure, advance scouts were sent out to reconnoitre. For three months the Christians became scouts, visit- ing every hut in the entire district, returning to camp with news of thO'se whO' had been persuaded to' surrender. Then Believers gathered in camps, not like slave raiders to leap into the air driven A WOMAN OF THE NGORO TRIBE by the frenzy O'f a fiendish tom-tom, nor to sweat in contO'rtiO'ns around a flaming pyre of a captive name. The headman is a kindly soul, yet he was slave, but to spend hours in united prayer. And trusted by nO'ne. He attributes his success in at- hO'W earnestly they prayed for those who had re- taining the chieftainship to Mohammedan magic fused to' hear and for the scO'rners and sorcerers! which he bO'ught in his youth. Nominally, he is a There were three mO'nths O'f calm, prayerful prep- Mohammedan, but he and his tribe are ruled by aration for the Gospel of Peace. a fanatical belief in witchcraft. For ten years the A week of preparatory preaching and visitation MissiO'n struggled against this blighting fear, the was followed by a mass meeting on Sunday morn- tiny school gaining an occasional convert to ing. It toO'k long intO' the afternoon merely to strengthen the little Christian community. Things register the names of the hundreds whO' came pro- seemed brighter at times, until the customary an- fessing their faith in Christ as Saviour. As the nual orgy O'f fiendish deviltry drove all semblance campaign gathered impetus, many marveled, and of faith from the feeble followers of the New Way.

some even became fearful of the power that had The missionary arrived at NgorO' late one after- been unleashed. Miracles were of daily occur- noon to' find the one man thought strong enough renee, unexpected conversions of those long to be ordained an elder of the church in his cO'm- prayed for thrilled the Christian communities. munity, lying on his cot bruised and bleeding. It For ten years. a little struggling band of Be- was found that two days before he had been set lievers had tried to capture Ngoro, the largest upon by the men of the tribe when he refused to town of the interesting little tribe O'f the same participate in the horrible heathen practices de~ [233]

manded by the headman. At first he refused to. who. were willing to' make a public prQfessiQn Qf tell the story but after considerable persuasiQn their faith in Jesus Christ. This meant no.thing recQunted the tale of the fiendish machinatiQn Qf less than incurring the wrath Qf the headman, the fear-stricken chief. The gQvernment census and yet seventy-nine men and women came fQr- ward, and remained to. unburden their hearts and AN AFRICAN FETISH HUT seek CQurage fro.m the leaders. One year later sixty-eight Qf these CQnverts were still hQlding true to. their pledge and came back fQr a week to. be instructed in the meaning Qf GQd's grace and truth.

This is Qne instance Qf many thrQughQut SQuth- ern CamerQun. The MissiQn hQped and prayed fQr fifteen thQusand peo.ple to' be WQn fQr the Master. By the end o.f twelve mQnths Qver twenty-six thQu- sand had been enrQlled as beginners in the "Tribe Qf God."

What is the secret o.f the power that some men have enabling them to. sway multitudes and bring them to. a saving knQwledge Qf Jesus Christ? Wherein lay the Po.wer Qf SpurgeQn, Mo.o.dy and Qthers? Is it persQnality or eloquence, ability to. appeal to. the emQtiQns Qr is it a more complete consecratiQn to. Christ? Evidently none Qf these gifts, singly or combined, are sufficient in them- selves. Some men seem to. PQssess them and yet they are only ordinary, faithful pasto.rs Qf the shQwed that the tribe was decreasing rapidly, the A NGORO WIDOW, IN MOURNING COSTUME birth rate was abno.rmally IQW and infant mQrtality was high. The cause eQuId be attributed to. flock. What causes periQdic o.utbreaks Qf Christhe filth and disease resulting frQm the immQ- tian interest and enthusiasm which often center r:ality and carelessnessamQng the peQple o.f the arQund Qne man and so.metimes result in the CQntribe. But the chief blamed the WQmen – the versio.n of many? usual scape-gQat in Africa. He decided that they needed new blQo.d in the tribe; so., on a given day, all the WQmen were herded into. a little grQve Qf trees, stripped Qf what little clQthing they had, and were made to. lie dQwn by little ditches while dQgs. were butchered. Their blQQd flQwed down and was lapped up by the pl'Qstrate wo.men.

It was to. this rite that Mbassa, the Christian elder, refused to. go.. Then he was bQund by fQrest vines and was dragged by fQrce to. be an invQluntary spectator at the disgusting spectacle.

No. WQnder that the team o.f evangelists, chQsen to. sto.rm this citadel Qf Satan, walked the weary miles to. NgQrQ with prayers Qn their lips but scant hQpe in their hearts. A little grQUP o.f Believers, led by a faithful gra;duate Qf the missiQn theQlQgical schQQI, welco.med the visitQrs, and the week's campaign began.

Sunday mQrning the little mud chapel was filled to. Qverflo.wing. AlmQst every person in the tQwn was present, except unfQrtunately, the headman, who. was away Qn a gQvernment errand. The fQur members Qf the team, led by the cQnsecrated Bulu pasto.r, preached with spiritual PQwer. At the clQse Qf the service an invitatiQn was given to all

SAINT LUCAS OF ALLAHABAD

The movement we have descdbed marked a trial and Normal Schools, African helpers of every mighty surge of a mass of humanity, turning from description, government employees, interpreters the lowest depths of sin-cursed filth to march to of divers kinds of tongues, as God had set them the heights. of a knowledge of God in Jesus Christ. in the Church, offered willingly of their time and What caused such a spiritual phenomenon ? It was strength. not brought about through an individual but by a whole army of devoted souls. Every one of them The decision of the Mission, the plan of camknew that they had received supernatural power paign, the prayers offered, and the messages to which they reacted in simple faith by fearless preached, proved once again that the Holy Spirit testimony. Ministers, lay preachers., teachers, is the only agent by whom Jesus Christ must be doctors, instructors and apprentices of the Indus- preached when He is glorified and in full control this will result in the salvation of men.

Saint Lucas of Allahabad By DR. and MRS. SAM HIGGINBOTTOM and others I N MISSIONARY circles in northern India JAMES JOSEPH LUCAS AT NINETY-ONE James Joseph Lucas was a unique institution. He was so deeply, vitally Christian. Jesus I first met Dr. Lucas on November 18, 1903, in Christ was so real to him, and he seemed to have Allahabad. I saw him last in Lahore on March cultivated such a habit of constant communion, the 25th, 1938, when I had chhoti hazrie (early that it was a benediction to be in his presence. morning tea) with him. His mind was as clear Though only two might be present to the eye, one the last time I saw him when he was in his ninetywas always conscious that the Third was there. first year as it was the first time when he was More than any other human being I have ever fifty-four. F'or many years he and his wife had known, Dr. Lucas seemed to carry with him a read "Daily Light" together, and that morning on peculiar spiritual atmosphere. When he would the train I had received comfort from the readgo into meetings, where feelings were running ings for the day. I was being sent home to Amerhigh or where things were being said in the heat ica to make an appeal on behalf of the Allahabad of argument that did not help to calm the troubled Agricultural Institute and did not feel at all sure water, Dr. Lucas by his very presence would that I was doing the wisest thing. The reading change the atmosphere. for that day had removed all my doubts. Dr. Lucas was reading George Bowen's daily selection Never have I known any other man so generous for the day and this too was a deeply spiritual and kindly in his judgment of others, even those and helpful message. who differed most from him and fought him with determination. In the thirty-five years I have known him, especially in dealing with those who opposed him, he seemed to have learned with the Apostle Paul that Love is ready to believe the best and to bear all things. There seemed to be no other man to whom so many people in trouble have gone-young and old, men and women, Indian and non-Indian, religious and non-religious. In trouble they seemed to gravitate to Dr. Lucas; there to find wise counsel. For those who were slipping and had lost their grip-to come to him meant renewed hope and faith and courage. More than most other men he seemed to know what was in man-the wickedness and deceit and sinfulness of the human heart; but he knew also One who was mighty to save even to the uttermost and so there was never a note of despair. He believed that if the wrong doer would submit himself to God, there he would find abundant mercy and forgiveness.

In the early days in Allahabad I would go, on ing for over 68 years against the principalities college holidays, with Dr. Lucas into the villages and powers of darkness. He never lost faith that where he did evangelistic work. There I gained an Jesus is an all-sufficient Saviour for all who accept insight into the physical, mental and spiritual pov- Him; he was able to strengthen the faith of others erty of the village people of India. When I dis- and now he has been granted an abundant encussed with him the idea of the Agricultural In- trance into that City whose Builder and Maker is stitute, the "Mount Hermon" on the hanks of the God. Jumna River, he could not see the need for it at first; but as a result of our discussions he was How to Spell "Disappointment" convinced that this effort would be used by the Lord Jesus to hasten the coming of His Kingdom Once in a time of peculiar stress he came over to northern India. After I had studied agricul- to the farm and found me in the barn among the ture in America and returned with him to the vil- oxen. We sat on the manger and he said: lages, I pointed out some things that were among the causes of their economic disability. "For 40 "Did I ever tell you how I learned to spell disapyears," said Dr. Lucas, "I have been going into pointment with an 'H'?" Indian villages and there was much that puzzled me, but seeing the village through your eyes has "No," I replied. explained much." "Then, I will tell you," he said. "When I was Many of the most spiritual missionaries could ready to start for India, my sister was lying ill of not understand the purpose of the Agricultural typhoid fever at our home at Danville, Kentucky. Institute. Some spoke of it as a "fifth wheel My mother had planned to come to see me off at to the coach," concerned with material things and the boat at New York, but when my sister was so as a diversion of the primary purpose of Chris- ill, she was greatly disturbed to know what to do. tian missions. Through all the heated controversy Finally the neighbors persuaded her that every- Dr. Lucas never wavered. When I was tempted thing possible was being done for my sister, so she to be discouraged he would come and put his hand left with me. We reached New York on Wedneson my shoulder and say, "Higginbottom, every day day morning and I expected to sail that afternoon. I pray for two things for you: First, that you will Mother planned to catch the evening train back continue your work, and second, that God will to Kentucky. Then the Board Secretary came and give you patience." This confidence of Dr. Lucas said, 'The Board finds that there is the largest in me enabled me to go on and work through the number of foreign missionaries being sent out at darkest days, when all I said or did was misunder- one time in the history of the Board, so we have stood. Dr. Lucas lived to see his faith justified, decided to have a big farewell meeting tomorrow, and now all over the world, whether it is Kagawa and I want you to change your sailing date from in Japan or Sir Wilfred Grenfell on the Labrador, Wednesday to Friday.' " or Dr. Alfred Schweitzer in Africa, rural missionaries the world over are seeing and understanding "At first I felt that I didn't want to do this, as the relationship between spiritual and physical I knew how anxious my mother was to return to and mental poverty; what gets rid of one is likely her sick daughter and I did not wish to keep her to help get rid of the others. The rural folk of the over. But after I prayed about it, I finally said backward countries are poor to a degree that to the Board Secretary, 'All right, I will stay.' So America knows little about. When our Lord stood I took part in the meeting and sailed on Friday. up in the synagogue at Nazareth and declared that At the Prince's Landing Station at Liverpool, news the Spirit of the Lord was upon him because he placards told of the loss of the ship on which I had sent him "to preach the Gospel to the poor," was to have sailed on Wednesday. Only one perhe proclaimed the day of release for the world's son was saved in that wreck. I was impressed by rural billion, most of whom live in dire poverty. the fact that God had intervened to prevent my Christ was ,to heal the broken-hearted; He was to sailing on that steamer as I had planned and that set the captive free; He was to preach deliverance He had a work for me to do for Him in India. to them that are bound. This is the only program Then it was that I learned to spell disappointment that is adequate to meet man's need. Dr. Lucas with an 'H'-not 'disappointment,' but 'Hisapsaw this and earnestly helped to carry out our pointment.' " Lord's program. This was always his philosophy of life when James J. Lucas was graduated from Center Col- things did not go in the way he had thought they lege, Kentucky, in 1865, from Yale University in should. He would wait upon God to find out what 1867 and from Princeton Theological Seminary in God was trying to teach him. 1870. He arrived in India in the autumn of 1870 and died in India in January of 1939, after work- It would be difficult to explain all that this view of disappointment has meant in my life. Thirty- five years of close association with Dr. Lucas has meant much to me, and many others remember him as the most Christ-like man they have ever known. He did not seek to escape the pain and

disappointment of the world but he went boldly the man condemn Wanamaker for selling poker forward knowing that where "sin did abound chips while he professed Christianity. Dr. Lucas grace did much more abound." pushed through the crowd and interrupted the speaker, saying: "Sir, Mr. Wanamaker is a friend By MRS. HIGGINBOTTOM of mine and a friend of God, and I do not wish you to say anything against him, even if he does sell The homey Indian bungalow of Dr. and Mrs. poker ti·ps I" The crowd howled, the soap box Lucas gave us a welcome many a time when my orator was confused, and Dr. Lucas smiled and husband and I were confused by the new language led in prayer. It was all so natural and sincere and the new religions, or when new joys or new that it captivated even the careless street throng. sorrows came upon us. He seemed to sense our moods, and with a radiant face would say, "I Dr. Lucas afterward said, "I did not know what found a beautiful promise for me today as my wife the man was talking about; but I was not going and I read 'Daily Light' together early this morn- to have him denounce my friend and call in quesing." The promise seemed to fit our needs as well. tion his loyalty to the Lord." For many years, whenever he married a couple, Dr. Lucas gave them the little book with the hope Once, when we were praying about Allahabad that they too would form the habit of reading it and the general work in India, Dr. Lucas sobbed and praying together every morning. like a child, muttering, "Lord, give us this land which we so love I" Mrs. Lucas, who died in 1931, mothered all the missionaries and made them feel at home around By FRANK G. CORNELIUS her table. Her courtesy and love were also extended to Indian Christians. During my first Looking always to Jesus Christ and living like year I had been sick, my servants were a problem, the Master he served, loving and kind, Dr. Lucas the language was difficult and I was ready to weep. was an inspiration to many a soul. Many years Quick as a flash a missionary friend said to me: ago I had the privilege of working for him in my "Come, change your dress and come with me to professional capacity as "stenographer" when he see Mrs. Lucas." I was an unbidden guest at a dictated to me the "Biography of Robert Stewart lunch party but was welcomed so cordially that Fullerton," and "Commentary on the Epistle to there was no chance to apologize for breaking in the Hebrews" in English. I found that his faith on an invited company. in Jesus was deeper than one could ordinarily comprehend and his life foundations were laid on Dr. Lucas, more than anyone we knew, mani- the "Rock of Ages." fested the Love which is patient, kind, knows no jealousy, makes no parade, is never rude, never By A. RALLA RAM of Allahabad selfish, never resentful (even under strong provocations); is always slow to expose, always eager We always called Dr. Lucas the "st. John" of to believe the best, always hopeful. Hundreds of our time. His face was radiant with the glow of people, Indians and Americans, would heartily a joyous Christian. His gentleness, humility, genendorse that statement. erosity and affection were so infectious and real. We used to make opportunities to seek his study Whenever Dr. Lucas spoke in the church or at a for inspiration and strength. Never did he let us prayer meeting, one heard the comments on every go without prayer. Up till the close of his life his hand: "His face shone." "His goodness glows in delight was in the Scriptures, and their great him." His daughter's death was a terrible shock promises and assurances filled his mind. Who can and sorrow, but at the funeral service he spoke of tell how much literature poured forth from his the lovely influence of her life and of the certain pen to exalt his Master as Saviour and Lord of hope of seeing her again. His radiant, smiling men? face revealed his deep faith and was the means of strengthening the faith of those who were present. By REV. JAMES L. GRAY of Jagadhri By DR. JOHN TIMOTHY STONE He "walked with God." I can think of no better way of describing the life of our dear friend. When Dr. Lucas was my guest at the Brown There was a peculiar radiance about all he said Memorial Church of Baltimore thirty-five years and did that made us all feel that he was conscious ago, he had recently called to see John Wana- of another Presence ever at his. side. To meet him maker who had visited India and was much inter- on the roads of Landour; to talk with him in his ested in the work 'he saw there. The great mer- book-lined study; to see that sHyer hair and the chant was exceedingly busy and as Dr. Lucas be- uplifted hands in Kellogg Church-was always to came tired of waiting, he walked out on the street be made aware of an utter devotion to his Master for a little exercise. Passing a crowd that was and an intimate communion with Him that always being addressed by a soap box orator he heard made me feel that God was near. The place of

prayer was to him the place where "he took off By MR. C. THOMAS his shoes from off his feet" for the ground was indeed most holy. In the quiet of his study; at I can never forget the visit I paid Dr. Lucas at the grave-side with bereaved friends, or in church, his son's house in LahDre Dn March 1, 1938. Dr. that quiet yet thrilling voice was heard pleading Lucas had been ill, but on the previous evening he the promises of God, and leading us with holy was seen standing at the gate of his house giving boldness to the throne of the eternal Father. tracts to. the passers-by. He believed in the power Dr. Lucas was always busy for God and His Kingdo.m. On his daily constitutiDnals you met of the printed page. The faith and prayer life of him with tracts and Gospels in his hand, and a George Muller of Bristol had influenced him a happy word of cheer to coolie, soldier and mission- gDod deal. His own prayer life was known to all ary. In his study he worked with patient dili- his assDciates-the ease with which he would pass gence in English and in Urdu, seeking to give from conversation with men sitting with him to form to anything which he felt would enrich his conversation with GDd. One of his two. surviving fellOW-Christians.. His outlook on mDdern mis- students whom he taught at the Saharanpur TheosiDnary problems was sane and progressive, and logical Seminary said that Dr. Lucas loved his stuhis understanding and sympathy profound. Never dents and taught them by his example how to love did his evangelistic fervor ,lag. Often his zeal, his one another. He preached love and practiced love. piety, his faithfulness have been to me, as a much younger missiDnary, a reproof and a much-needed Dr. Lucas was a Christian saint. Many of us urge and stimulus. feel that nothing can be more helpful to young Christians, Indian and foreign, than a biography of this saintly missionary.

By A., RUSSELL GRAHAM of Indore By HOWARD E. ANDERSON To come to India at the age of twenty-three-tD spend 68 years in the Master's service here-to Editor of "The United Church Review" thrDw aside the well-worn earthy cloak with glad abandon and enter joyfully into His glorious pres- Dr. Lucas was a saint of God. Of few peDple ence. What a life! What a course to' run! So can this be said with the same absence of restraint old in years-so young in spirit! So. spiritual that and the same assurance Df agreement on the part his every cDnversation spDke of an Unseen Presof such a wide circle of acquaintances, and friends ence-yet so beautifully "human"! A saint, a true as he had. His saintliness was revealed in his saint Df God-yet reckoning himself as chief of countenance, the tone Df his voice and his conver- sinners! For he gloried in the Cross of Christ satiDn. Others may praise him fo.r his achieve- and all fDr which that "stumbling block" stood. To. ments, and they were many; but in the realm o.f personal contact, no Dne can tell the number of know Dr. Lucas was to. know Christ better. To. lives he touched for the glory of God. have fellowship with him was, to. desire a more in- The saintliness Df Dr. Lucas was shown in his timate fellowship with the Master. prayers, in what he talked about, in the thDUghts to which he gave expressiDn. They were largely By DR. FRED M. PERRILL Scriptural, fDr he was saturated with Scripture. God's Word was his meat and drink. For years Editor of "The Indian Witness" he lived in constant expectatiDn of the return of Dur Lord. I presume that is what gave him such Dr. J. J. Lucas, the friend of all, was bDrn in calm and repose at funerals, yea, even at the funeral of his own daughter which he himself CDn- Ireland, August 21, 1847, and came to. India in ducted.. He used to say that we who are alive at that advent time shall in no wise "prevent" them 1870. He had finished thirty-six years' service in that are asleep. To him it was indeed a blessed India when I arrived-a fairly long term Df servhope. ice; but for him it was barely half Df the tDtal years he was to give to India. The experience of death was for him an experience of "falling asleep." He grew more and Dr. Lucas had a remarkable memory and used more tired and expressed his desire to. depart. In it in a most helpful way. He must have held many Dehra Dun, a little more than a month before his death, Dr. Lucas spoke to us about a portion of to. a worthy pitch of effort by his encDuragement.

God's Word that had meant much to. him. It was He was a man Df cDnvictions, but he believed that earnest Christian brethren could find a way to that beautiful beatitude, "Blessed are the pure in understand each other. He did not think that heart; for they shall see God." He smilingly ex- bluster and bombast were substitutes for calm and plained that the beatitudes are for the present and considerate thinking. He was a mDdern "fundanot for the future. "So," he said, "the pure in mentalist," but most of all he had a vital Chrisheart shall see GDd now." tian experience and a heart filled with Christian love. For him to live was Christ, but having lived almost a century and having finished the course and kept the faith, certainly fDr him "to. die" was gain. Who. follows in his train?

Fingers for

Cooperative Service to the Spiritual Life of the Blind By the REV. LEWIS BIRGE CHAMBERLAIN, New York General Secretary of the John Milton Society for the Blind BLINDNESS is decreasing among children but when they could see; but only a small portion be- increasing among adults in America. Better come literate through their finger tips.2 After an care· at birth, in infancy and childhood ex- acquaintance with the problem of the literate Blind plains the decrease. Among adults, however, are that began twenty years ago, through supplying not only the historic disease causes and the more embossed Scriptures to them as one of my duties recent hazards and accidents of industry and mod- as a secretary of the American Bible Society, my ern life but also the increase in longevity and, sur- amazement and admiration continue to grow over prisingly, such modern causes as "high blood the achievement of the Blind in using fingers for pressure, hardening of the ar- eyes. It involves real intelli- teries and diabetes." 1 More gence, will power, persistence, than half the Blind in the and, particularly, a sensitive- United States are over fifty- ness in finger tips. Highly edu- five years of age, and there are cated adults are sometimes 11 per cent more blind men frustrated. What of those of than women.1 small education and hardened Though it may seem para- finger tips?

doxical, it really is natural that During recent years em- reading means more to the bossed magazines and books in sightless than to the sighted. Braille 3. have been appearing The Blind are cut off from or- in increased numbers, chiefly dinary life and activities and through generous appropria- have extra time to read and to tions by the United States Con- think. It is a frequent, though gres.s. Public funds, however, not inevitable result, that their are not used for religious lit- thoughts turn to the inner life erature.

-the spiritual; and they desire How then is the spiritual help in Christian life and serv- need and hunger of the sight- ice–the "new life" that grows less being met? Inadequately and gives to others. Many thus and incompletely. The great find blindness a blessing. HELEN KELLER READING HER Protestant churches of Amer- The loss of sight has roused JOHN MIL1'ON MAGAZINE ica-Baptist, Methodist, Pres- byterian and others, from sympathy through the ages.

Christ seemed peculiarly sensitive about it and the whose ranks the bulk of the literate Blind come, Gospels record more miracles by him to cure have neglected for decades both their own blindness than any other physical ailment. In 2 It is estimated that there are some 130,000 Blind in the United America, especially in recent years, much has been States, Gf whGm SGme 25,000 can read Braille. Some tWG Gr three done by both private and public effort, to lighten thGusand whose fingers are not sensitive enough to read the small this great handicap. Braille points, can read the Moon system which, fGr the Blind, is what large type Is to the sighted. In Braille the basis Is an em- The Literate Blind bossed domino six set upright and so small that the finger tip of a child can cover It. TG the uninitiated the fact of a single unit might "Fingers for Eyes" focuses attention, not on imply simplicity, but In it liefl complexity. All tbe letters Gf the the Blind generally, but on those who can read alphabet, all punctuation marks, all capitals, italics, underscoring, all without sight. numerals are made by omissions and combinations of these six pOints. Not only must the mind register and remember what each combina- Doubtless most who become Blind could read tion represents, but the fingers must register the relative positions of these pOints. For example, the single point may occur in any 1 Report of the Public Health Service on January 21, 1939. one of six pGs·itions and a two-point combiIlation may be made in eighteen ways.

3 "Talking Books"-that Is phonograph records of books, and the radio are real boons to the Blind and are being made available by Congress appropriation in considerable numbers. However, they do not take the place of books one may read and study and ponder any more for the sightless than they would for the Sighted.

[239 ]

Blind 4 and the other Blind who form a part of the who reside in all but one of the States and in great home missions field. The relatively heavy twenty-eight other lands. This wide distribution expense of embossed printing, and the relatively is almost entirely due to the activities and interlimited number of Blind affiliated with each de- est of blind readers themselves. They have a way nomination, are chiefly responsible for this fact. of passing magazines from one to another and this diminishes the expense of circulation. The The John Milton Society foreign circulation has come entirely through the Blind them,selves. Illustrations are constant. A Realization of this neglect, and appeals of the blind reader in Texas passes her copy to a blind Blind themselves for help in their spiritual life man in the same city who then sends it to a fel- low blind Hebrew in London who eventually places RE'ADING BRAILLE it in a Hebrew home for the Blind, and reports that "they holler for more." Inmates of homes or and service, brought about the incorporation of institutions for the Blind make one or two copies the "John Milton Society," taking its name from suffice for all their members. A few copies sent to one who despite his own blindness rendered great a State School for the Blind are read by many older service to generations of those having eyes to read. pupils for their own pleasure and then are read by The Society is sponsored by the Councils of them to younger pupils not yet literate with their Home Missions, both general and women's, and fingers. Home teachers of the Blind lend their by the International Council of Religious Educa- copies to their students. A blind American mistion. Its purpose and field were defined as the sionary in China enj oys her own copy and passes supply of general religious magazines, Sunday it on to her blind Chinese teachers who use it with school lessons or Bible stUdies, and religious books. their blind pupils. A masseuse in Jerusalem gains In 1932 the monthly John Milton Magazine was refreshment herself and tells her patients what launched for adults and in 1935 the monthly, Dis- she has read. covery, for boys and girls. Both are in "Braille." In 1937 a small book of standard hymns, words Nearly one hundred blind ministers, missionand music in Braille, the first of its kind, was aries (both home and foreign), and evangelists, issued. 5 The production of three books has been acclaim the John Milton Magazine for the aid it authorized this year: "Daily Devotions," "Sun- gives them in their work and life. Twenty-one day School Manual for Teachers" and "Christmas American denominations are represented by the Carols." The two magazines are free, as are the blind ministry. Some are active pastors and Sunday school papers for the sighted; but gifts preachers and often prepare their sermons from from readers toward their production are encour- the John Milton Magazine. Some are evangelists,; aged and received. The sale of books helps to meet their cost. BLIND GIRLS USING BRAILLE HYMN BOOK The 2,500 monthly copies of the two magazines some home mis!sionaries; some retired and lonely now reach from 10,000 to 12,000 blind readers, and eager for good reading. All are grateful.

• To their credit a few religious bodies have been responding to Among nearly eight hundred letters (several this need but they are exceptions and the activity of most is quite hundred in Braille) from blind readers recently recent. Also they are all keen on their own peculiar teachings. received, about five hundred came from those who Naming them somewhat on the length of their service, they are: attend Sunday school, and of these over two hun- Roman Catholic, the Seventh-Day Adventist, the Church of God, dred are actually Sunday school teachers, some Theosophist, Christian Science, Episcopal, Hebrew and a branch of the Lutheran.

• This year the two magazines are being continued; though a long-standing appeal for a magazine in "Moon" is still deferred because it Is a recurring expense without money as yet provided. "Moon" is to the blind what large print is to those wh<> see.

USING FINGERS FOR EYES

school superintendents – a truly noteworthy English in Holland wishes its stories to pass on record.6 to his scholars.

Sixty denominations listed in the Federal The John Milton Magazine collates and con- Church Year Book are represented by these read- denses its general articles from denominational ers, some of whom are members of religious and interdenominational religious publications.7 groups not listed. What other thousands represent we do not know. Apparently a large portion BLIND SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHER (RIGHT) WITH of the blind readers are not connected with any HER SIGHTED CLASS religious organization. Many are too isolated or too physically restricted. Yet all eagerly receive Intentionally interdenominational, special care is and use these definitely evangelical Christian mag- taken to bring to the Blind, though in much conazines. They need this help even more perhaps densed form, choice articles-devotional, informathan the blind ministers and Sunday, school teach- tional, inspirational, and missionary-from variers. What a field for home mission work! It is a ous sources 7 which the sighted enjoy. The Sunday real privilege to have a share in such a service of school lessons have been condensed from those love. prepared by outstanding Sunday school workers in various denominations.s The Magazines for the Blind Half the pages of both magazines are given to The articles in the John Milton Magazine are general articles and half to treatment of the uni- varied not only in subjects to catch and hold attenform Sunday school lessons. Discovery usually tion, but in simplicity, in strength of language and has stories gathered round one theme each month, and largely from Miss Margaret Applegarth's thought, so that each issue inimitable store. The Sunday school lessons at may have a message for its present are drawn from the Methodist Illustrated variety of readers. Many tes- Quarterly. The bulk of each issue of Discovery timonies pour in, constantly goes to State Schools for the Blind which house marking the real service being most of the 6,000 to 7,000 blind school children in accomplished. Sunday school America, all facing lifelong physical darkness. It teachers say that they could is the only such magazine available to the blind not teach without the magachildren of our great land. Individual copies also zine's Sunday school lesson go far and wide. For example: A grandmother helps. One man in Alrubama in Buenos Aires receives a copy to read to her recently wrote that he had taught a large adult Bible two daughters who are Sunday school teachers; class until blindness cut him and the stories to her own grandchildren who are off. Then he learned Braille, entranced. A blind missionary in Shanghai trans- obtained the John Milton lates some of its stories into Cantonese and into Magazine, and is now back at Mandarin, sending them to schools and scholars his post. Young and old renot using English. A Christian blind teacher of port taking part in Christian Endeavor and in missionary societies, thus having 6 The exact figures are 772 letters received from Blind readers, of a share in the life of the church. A Sunday school whom 498 attend Sunday school and 222 are teachers. 7 A recent summary showed that in the past five years, articles have been drawn from 77 denominational, 27 interdenominational and 17 general sources.

8 Drs. H. C. Moore, Baptist So. (several quarters); C. A. Hauser, Christian and Reformed; M. Stevenson, Disciples; L. H. Bugbee, Methodist; E. ];'. Ziegler, Presbyterian; C. P. Wiles, United Lu- theran; Miss M. Tarbell, J. H. Snowden, G. L. Robinson and D. D. Burrell. The last four publish their lessons in non-denominational form.

teacher from Australia eagerly asks for the mag- "I keep it by my bed to read in the sleepless azine, the existence of which he had just learned. hours of the night." The custodian of a library for the Blind in South Africa appeals for its visits. A blind Japanese "I and my blind husband live in the hills of Ver- Sunday school teacher in H3iwaii rejoices in its mont where we do not see even the postman more help. A blind Presbyterian missionary giving his than once a week. What a comfort the John Millife to India, an Episcopal rector with ten happy ton Magazine is to us both." years of service in Kansas, an Evangelical Lutheran minister, executlve officer of a State Com- Such sentences are typical expressions. Many mission for the Blind, are a few of those who a touching and telling tale could be recounted from rejoice in it. One of its earliest and strongest the correspondence. The gist of it all is that they friends is an eloquent, forceful and successful are hungry souls; eager for and sorely needing blind Methodist minister whose church is filled at such help ; and they gratefully rejoice in havevening as well as at morning services, and who ing it. is in demand as a S'peaker before school, college, Rotarian and other audiences. To serve such is Sponsored by the Councils already named, the indeed a privilege. Society is helped by contributions from some Boards of Home Mi,ssions, Education, Sunday The Major Need School, and Publication. For them, however, these years have been difficult, and their contributions The great bulk of the Blind are not ministers or furnish less than one-tenth of the heavy expense teachers. Too often they are people limited in ex- involved in producing the Brame pUblications. perience and resources, isolated in country and Additional help has come from one other organizaother localities, home-bound by physical disabili- tion interested in the spiritual welfare of the Blind ties. Not a few are deaf, others are bedridden, and the Blind themselves contribute surprisingly. many have scant education and even scantier re- But it is necessary to secure 700/0 of the budget sources. To them the magazine,s, bring cheer and from individuals who are blessed with sight. inspiration, help and comfort and company. Where knowledge of this work is spread, those grateful for their own physical eyesight rejoice in "Next to the Bible it is my most treasured pos- helping the sightless in their quest for spiritual session." aid and life.

ENCOURAGEMENT IN TIME OF CRISIS Rev. C. Darby Fulton, Executive Secretary of the Presbyterian Foreign Mission Commit- tee of Nashville, says that this is a day of unparalleled opportunity in mission work, and lists some outstanding reasons for encouragement: The high spiritual purpose and morale of Christian missionaries. The courage and steadfastness of the Chinese Christians. The scattering of many believers to the provinces of West China has meant that they have carried the 'contagion of their faith into areas heretofore unreached by the Gospel. The new friendship of the Chinese people for the missionary, growing out of the helpful- ness and service he has shown in this emergency. The enormously enhanced prestige of Christianity because such great national leaders as Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, Madame Chiang, and others who are guiding the nation in the present crisis, are themselves Christians. The unprecedented open-heartedness of the people toward the Gospel, with their new long- ings for the assuranecs of faith in the midst of the uncertainties of the present conflict. The return of missionaries and the reoccupation of all our stations. The large crowds attending evangelistic services throughout the country, with many con- versions and other evidences of spiritual awakening. Thousands of Korean Christians standing fast under severe persecution. The deep undercurrent of heart-hunger among the people of Japan. The bond of fellowship that remains unbroken between Japanese and Chinese Christians. The wide open doors in Africa and Brazil.

Progress i11

By REV. PHILIP S. LANDES, Sao Paulo Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., 1912- BRAZIL is, a land of great possibilities and tious and spiritually destitute. With the advent great opportunities. Among the countries of Protestant missions this situation began to be of South America, this republic occupies the changed. first place in territorial extent, population and nat- As soon as Protestant missionaries landed in ural resources. It is larger than the United Brazil, they began distrihuting the Scriptures and States (exclusive of Alaska), covering half the preaching the saving truths which they contain.

map of South America. Thus a new era dawned for the people. From the Within its bounds are vast tracts of undeveloped independence of Brazil in 1822 to the year 1936 land available for the support of human life. The about ten million copies of the Scriptures or por- greater part of the world's supply of coffee is tions of them were distributed by national work- grown in Brazil which could, if necessary, furnish ers and misslionaries.

the world with cotton and foodstuffs such as The Rev. Ashbel G. Simonton, the first Presby- manioc, corn, rice, beans, cacao, sugar, tropica1 terian missiona.ry to Brazil, began work in Rio de fruits and many other agricultural products. Janeiro in 1859. He was a man of broad vision Brazil possesses abundant water-power, vast and statesmanship and laid solid foundations for forests, extensive grazing fields, immense deposits the development of a strong national Church. The of iron and manganese, rubber of the best qual- plan adopted for the development of the work fol- ity, many medicinal plants and a great variety of lowed the lines of the missionary purpose; to win other natural products. These vast resources, men to Christ, to train them for Christian service still mostly undeveloped, are an indication of the and to organize them into churches which should great future which lies before the greatest of our become self-propagating, self-supporting and self- sister republics in the Western Hemisphere. Bra- governing. After eighty years of work, there is zil has a population of forty-five million, but, if it in Brazil a strong national Church, carrying on were as densely populated as the State of New its work independently of foreign control and Jersey, it would contain a population of more than support.

a billion and six hundred million people. The beginnings of missionary work in Brazil A question of vital importance to all of the were characterized by the conversion of individ- American republics, as well as to all Christians, uals who formed the nucleus of the Church.

is this: will Brazil, the greatest of all Latin Amer- Among those won to Christ in this initial period, ican countries, remain democratic or will she join the most notable was a Roman Catholic priest, the "totalitarian states," placing nationalism Rev. Jose Manoel da Concei~ao who was, attracted above God and freedom of worship? The peace to evangelical Christianity by the honesty of the and destiny of the entire Western Hemisphere members of the new sect. He was the first Prot- may depend upon Brazil's decision. In determin- estant minister to be ordained in Brazil, became a iug the issue, evangelical Christianity may be the tireless itinerant evangelist and traveled over decisive factor, judged from the role that Prot- great areas in Southern Brazil.

estantism has played and is playing in the life of At Jandira, in the State of Sao Paulo, there is the Brazilian' people. a fitting memorial to this consecrated evangelist, When a century ago Protestant missions began in the form of a college which is training candi- their work in Brazil, the people had practically no dates for the Gospel ministry. At present this knowledge of the Bible and its saving truths. school has some sixty stUdents, nearly all of whom For three hundred years the Bible had been an expect to preach the Gospel to their own people, unknown book to her people. .It is no wonder, after completing their training in the theological therefore, that the religion of the people consisted seminary.

in the fo'rmal performance of religious rites and Rev. Carvalho Braga, the father of Erasmo ceremonies, devoid of spirituality or vital regen- Braga, was first led to examine the claims of evan- erating power. The dominant religion had left gelical Christianity when, as a clerk in a store, the great mass of the people illiterate, supersti- he read what was on a leaf which had been torn [243 ]

from a Bible to be used as wrapping paper. This one of the elders of the church receiving instrucled to his conversion and later he did a great work tions a.bout the new Christian life into which he as a preacher and as the translator of Davis' Bible had entered. He gave up Spiritualism, drinking, Dictionary. His scholarly son, Rev. Erasmo g1ambling and even smoking, although he had been Braga, became an internationally known religious an inveterate smoker for twenty-five years. It leader in the evangelical world and presided at was a hard struggle, but Christ gave him the victhe Congress of Christian Work at Montevideo in tory. Through his example his wife was won to 1925. Christ and all his family, so that the missionary had the joy of receiving his entire family into the There have been many remarkable instances of fellowship of the Church. Senhor Alvaro became the transforming power of the Gospel in Brazil. a most enthusiastic and energetic personal worker We tell the story of but two men of recent times. and pre,acher of the Gospel. He used to stand at the door of the worship hall in Campo Grande and When Gospel work was begun in the Sta~ of buttonhole passers-by, almost compelling them to enter, in order that they might hear about the Matto Grosso, a young man heard the preaching power that had transformed his life. He has a of the Word of God, for the first time, as he lay government position which takes him to different drunk in the gutter, outside the preaching hall in localities, but wherever he goes, he witnesses to Rosario Oeste. – The Gospe~ message, as it was the Gospel as the power of God unto salvation to sung and preached, touched his heart and he came all who believe. to the missionary with this question: How the Church Is Being Built "Do you think it is possible for me to be forgiven and saved?" It is by conversion of individuals that the Church of Christ is being built up in Brazil, not No wonder he asked this question, for he was by mass movements. The Presbyterian Church of not only a drunkard but a murderer as well. At Brazil has now an adult membership of fifty thoua;bout twelve years of age he had killed a police~ sand, with a yearly increase of ten per cent. Rev. man and later had killed-several other men from Domingos. Ribeiro, in his book, "Origens do Evanambush as they were bathing in a stream. Could gelismo Brazileiro," gives the total number of he be forgiven of God? The missionary was able communicants, baptized children, catechumens to assure him that "the blood of Jesus Christ and adherents of Presbyterian churches as apcleanses us from all sin" and that "if we confess proximately three hundred thousand. More than our sins, God is faithful and just to forgive us two hundred Presbyterian national ministers in our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteous- Brazil constitute a fine body of men who have reness." The young man accepted Christ as his ceived an education not a bit inferior to that of Saviour and today is a public school teacher. He most ministers in the United States. They have conducts worship and directs a Sunday school in their own schools and theological seminaries which the far interior of the State of Matto Grosso. are independent of missionary control. The Pres- byterian churches of Brazil have been organized An Extraordinary Man into twenty-three presbyteries, four synods and one General Assembly. These bodies have been A few years ago, when a series of evangelistic compJetely nationalized and are independent of meetings was being conducted in Southern Matta missionary control. The missionaries are still do- Grosso, in the city of Campo Grande, a rather ing the pioneer work, in the interior, and as rapextraordinary man began coming to the meetings.. idly as churches reach the point of self-support, He was known as intelligent and able, but a they are turned over to the national councils. drinker and gambler. It was not unusual for him to come home at four o'clock in the morning after The Southern Baptists also have a strong work a night of dissipation. The missionary thought in Brazil, with ~bout three hundred thousand, that this man, Senhor Alvaro, would be one of the counting adults, children, catechumens and adherlast in the world to be converted, not so much on ents. The Methodists number approximately one account of his vices, but because of his erratic hundred and thirty-five thousand, the Episcopa- Spiritualistic ideas which had made him egotis- lians twenty-seven thousand and the Congregatical and self-sufficient. When an opportunity was tionalists eight thousand. There are also indegiven, at an evangelistic service, for public deci- pendent missions at work with evangelical groups sion, he was one of the first to take a stand, declar- amounting to one hundred and ninety-five thouing his intention to follow Christ. It was difficult sand. In Southern Brazil there are nearly half a to believe that he was converted. He went home million German Lutherans. In round numbers and told his wife that he was a changed man, but the total Protestant population of Brazil is estishe did not believe him. Soon after this, he failed to come home early one night and his wife went out to hunt for him, thinking to find him amongs,t his old companions. She found him at the home of

EVANGELICAL PROGRESS IN BRAZIL

mated at one and a half million, which is about in large measure, to the high grade of theological three and three-tenths per cent of the totalPOI?~ training given to the ministry from the days of ulation. Domingos Riheiro affirms for the year Simonton down to the present time. Last year 1937 that there were, in Brazil, more than three (September 8), the Presbyterian Seminary at thousand preachers of the Gospel, including lay- Campinas, in the State of Sao Paulo, celebrated preachers, and more than four thousand places of the fiftieth anniversary of its foundling. Today it worship. There is probably not a town of any has a strong faculty of scholarly men who have size in all Brazil where there is not a group of also been successful pastors. Twenty-seven stu- Christians witnessing to the power of Christ. dents were graduated in the last three graduating The evangelical churches have produced some EVANGELICAL CANDIDATES FOR THE MINISTRY FIND great religious leaders such as Alvaro Reis, a great A RATTLE'R ON THE COLLEGE CAMPU.S AT orator, pastor and evangelist; Eduardo Carlos JOSE MANOEL DA CONCEICAO Pereira, the author of a Portuguese Grammar used in all the schools of Brazil; Antonio Trajano, classes and the total enrollment last year was the author of textbooks on mathematics adopted thirty-three. This school of the prophets has proin all Brazilian schools; Erasmo Braga, scholar, duced a fine type of leadership for the Presbyteacher and religious leader who also wrote text- terian Church of Brazil. books for the youth of Brazil; Miguel Rizzo, the brilliant pastor of the large and influential Igreja It is not possible here to do justice to all of the Unida in the City of Sao Paulo, and who recently evangelical institutions at work in Brazil, includrepresented the Preshyterian Church of Brazil at ing the splendid work of the British and American the centennial celebration of the Presbyterian Bible Societies, of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., Church. There are many other able leaders, too the printing presses, hospitals, sanatoria and ornumerous to mention. phanages conducted under Protestant auspices. Evangelical Christianity has become a mighty The Influence of the Evangelicals force to be reckoned with in .shaping the destiny of this greatest of the Latin American republics. The Evangelicals of Brazil exert an influence far greater than would be expected from their Let no one suppose, however, that the task numerical strength. Like the Huguenots in the has been completed in Brazil. Not even four per history of France they are usually better informed cent of the total population has been evangelized. and more alert than the rank and file of their fel- The great unoccupied Hinterland is destined to receive millions of people who will need to hear low-citizens. In general, they are intelligent, in- the Good News. Besides this, in the forests of the great Amazon Basin, there are many wild Industrious, honest and patriotic, and exert a great dians who have never heard the Gospel. The task influence upon the life of the nation. of the evangelization of Brazil has been well be- gun, but it is far from completed. The nation is An account of the progress of evangelical Chris- still young and in the formative period of its existtianity in Brazil would not be complete without ence, so that now is the opportune time to lay the some reference to the contribution to education foundations for a still greater Church of Christ made by the Protestant churches. The American in Brazil. It is the part of Christian statesman- School, founded in Sao Paulo, in the early days of ship to act now, in order that the people of our missionary work, served for years as a model for great Sister Republic maybe won for Christ and the educational system of Sao Paulo, recognized may enjoy all the blessings of His full salvation. to be the most advanced state of the Union in educational matters. The American School became a great educational institution which today ministers instruction to some two thousand students in all of its courses, from the primary grades up through the Engineering School of Mackenzie College. There are numerous other important evangelical schools of higher education in Brazil, such as Granberry College at Juiz de F6ra, Gammon Institute at Lavras and Jose Manoel da Conceic;ao at Jandira. A large number of evangelical gymnasia are scattered throughout Brazil, as well as many primary schools. Some devote themselves exclusively to the education of believers and their children.

The success of the work in Brazil has been due,

of a Missionary in

~._ By REV. HENRY H. BUCHER, Nodoa, Hainan, China I I Missionary of the American Presbyterian Church [Mr. and Mrs. Bucher are just completing thei~ first ings, accounts, many details of administration; term as missionaries in Hainan, the island off the south oversight of workmen and evangelis,ts; a funeral coast of China, and recently raided by Jap'anese bombing or a wedding; then some of the Lois (aboriginees) planes and occupied in part by Japanese troops. Mr. come to buy salt or fish from us to take back into Bucher (in per,sonal letters) describes graphically some the mountains. They are so often cheated in experiences connected with mission work in Nodoa and money deals that they depend upon us to help on tours into the country. The latter reveal a few of the them. They bring their midget chickens and sell trials that a missionary encounters today in a land that them to us so that they may have a few cents to lacks good roads and many other conveniences to which buy things for their simple needs. all travelers have grown accustomed in countries where good roads, comfortable inns and gasoline stations abound. There is a satisfaction in spending and being The day of the pioneer missionary has not passed.- spent for people in need, but one practical prob- EDITOR.] R THOUGH there have been no actual raids lem I face is the problem of finding any uninter- or loss of life in Nodoa (due to Japanese rupted time for Bible study and prayer. This is raids), there have been many scares and one of the hardest problems a missionary has; to panics! Altogether this unspeakable, "unde- fa'ce-to be so busy in well-doing that it is difficult clared" war has made inroads upon our strength to keep the spiritual fires burning! This Nodoa and energy – and nerves. In all my life I have church and compound is a very live place; no- never before experienced so sustained a drain where else in Hainan is there so much activity in upon my energies, both mental and physical, as the church, or so many meetings (averaging one during this past year. . . . meeting each night and a chapel service every Mr. Melrose (a fellow missionary) left on fur- morning). The work that I enjoy above all others lough last Spring (1938) and from that time I is the evangelistic work and the contacts with peo- have been the only man of the missionary person- pIe out in the country.

nel in this part of Hainan. I have had charge of Roughly speaking, in the past eight or nine the employees and of all property and repairs of months, I have been away from home out "iIi my the large compound. I have also had a goodly pasture" half the time. The average trip takes share of the accounts and bookkeeping – which about one week. First there are periodic visits can be a thorn in the flesh to one not trained or to each church area to examine candidates for . experienced in it. This has been merely "inci- baptism and to hold communion services. Then dental" to my major missionary task as one of there are eight-day Bible institutes for the in- the superintendents of all the evangelistic work struction of ignorant Christians; third, there is in Nodoa, with a dozen churches and a congrega- the preaching of the Gospel in towns and markets tion of several thousand. I am the treasurer for in order to contact those who have never or seldom all the evangelists in this area, and pastor of six heard the Gospel message!

of the country churches which have a combined While we lived in Kiungchow, where the Hain- 'congregation (not membership) of two thousand. anese language was the medium of expression, I In addition I am responsible for the Lodi field in did a great deal of this third type of evangelistic the mountainous interior where there are twenty- work and enj oyed it. There is a thrill in knowing five hundred professed Believers awaiting instruc- that one is speaking to many who are hearing the tion. I much prefer this phase of work to the ad- Gospel for the first time. Since coming to Nodoa ministrative details and bookkeeping in the mis- I have been able to do very little evangelistic work sion station, but someone must take care of these of this kind because of the "confusion in tongues." details and I have been the only man to undertake One cannot hold a boisterous crowd when speakit for eight months. It has ,been necessary for me ing in a tongue that they cannot understand. In to be absent in the country a great deal, so that Nodoa we are face to face with one of the moSlt the station work has: piled up. amazing dialectical jumbles-the true cross-word Early in the morning-at about 6: 30 a. m.-the puzzl~in all China, if not in all the world. If daily procession begins. It is made up of meet- this sounds like an exaggerated statement, listen [246 ] A GROUP OF CHRISTIAN LOI WOMEN IN HAINAN. THEIR VILLAGE IS NEARLY 100% CHRISTIAN to the enumeration of the different tongues com- huke mo," thinking that I was telling him not to put himself to so much trouble. But by a slight mon here. Every day in Nodoa I hear six major mispronunciation of the "0" in the last word "mo," what I really said was: "Don't act like a pig." On dialects spoken: Hakka, Limko, Mandarin, Dam- another occasion, I started out to take a walk after a day of holding classes. Someone asked me tsiu, Hainanese and Cantonese. As if six were where I was going and I thought that I replied that I was going for a stroll to cool off. By the not enough, and to add to the confusion, we often slightest difference in tone, which most foreigners would not notice even if it was pointed out, I achear the melodious monosyllables of the Loi, Miau tually said: "I am going to visit a young lady."

and Malaysian tongues. If this is not a "Babel" After several such experiences I realized that Limko is not one of those tongues that is easy to and confusion of tongues, then I do not under- pick up from hearing it spoken occasionally, so I hired a teacher and studied an hour a day for a stand the meaning of these words. These six month or more. These later efforts have been crowned with so much succes,s that on December major dialects, though they have some similari- 18th I preached my fil1st sermon in Limko. My aim is to be able to speak to the people in their ties (as is true in the Romance Languages of own dialect wherever I go.

southern Europe), are distinctly different tongues. In the last month there have been two phe- nomena to cheer our hearts greatly: First, the Some of the people can speak and understand only local Nodoa church sponsored a great collection throughout this area for the benefit of war sufferone of these six; most people can converse in sev- ers in North China. Over six hundred local dollars were given by Christians and non-Christians eral, not a few can make themselves completely at home in all six! Unfortunately this last ability does not come to an American without the lubri- cating agency of a great deal of "consecrated sweat." . .

Last summer; as I traveled in the Limko field and conducted Summer Bible Institutes, I under- took to apply myself to the Limko dialect so that my work there might be more effective. My first attempts were not crowned with complete success.!

Upon entering a home, if my host put himself out to be courteous and hospitable I remarked, "Murn

working together. This is a new thing under the we might be compelled to spend several days along sun! the road. Unwisely perhaps, we decided to chance it and trust God-so off we went into the night Another new thing is that at Christmas time and into trouble! about thirty Lois came down from the mountains and brought over ten dollars as their contribution Those next ten miles of road were unlike anyto the work of the church in this presbytery. thing that I have ever seen; I shall carry a men- tal picture of them for years to come! The rain At the present stage in our Hainan church there came down in torrents so that at times I could not is even a greater need for teaching the Bible to see where I was driving and the wind became those who are already professing Christians than alarming. In the light of the headlights the roads for bringing larger numbers into the ohurch that looked impassable and at times we would sink in has already too few teachers. so deep that we would come to a dead stand-still. By backing and charging and trying new ruts we The persecution of Christians by one of t~oi would finally be able to go on. I began to think chiefs is so bad that the Christians have begged that we would make our destination after all, but me to go out to the country field and see what I in the blinding rain and darkness I failed to see can do, largely working through official channels a big hOole until just too late. We settled down as I have no authority to deal with any Loi chief. in that hole until the rear left wheel was out of However, I can talk with him, and we can pray. sight and the rear right humper was sunk in It is a five-day journey on foot to the area where water and mud. The engine pan was fast down the trouble is so that I shall have to walk one hun- on a semi-hard shelf of dirt and the axles were dred and fifty miles, mostly up and down moun- buried in the mud. With Oour mind on a possible tains. But its all a part of the Lord's work and robbery we turned off the headlights, got out in there are great rewards. the drenching rain and deep mud and dug fran- tically with the hoe that I always take along. I *** must have spent at least a half hour down in the Traveling Under Difficulties mud on hands and knees trying to get the jack A recent trip from Hoihow to Nodoa was over under that rear bumper, but the weight of the car only rammed jack and stone down farther the worst road I have ever seen in all my life- into mud. We were stuck and no joke-and nothand I have seen very bad roads in southeastern ing for miles but fields and water and a sea of Asia (China, Siam, Malaysia), India, Persia, Rus- mud. The force of the rain beating against our sia, Turkey, Europe and America. The only trip faces became unbearable, so we climbed back into that was worse in physical strain was the two the car to wait for it to let up a little. We sat days and three nights without stopping in an old there, soaked to the skin with mud and slime and truck from Douzdab to Meshed, Persia! When I the driving rain; we had begun to shiver and left Hoihow I doubted the wisdom of starting out chatter with the cold when to add to our miseries in the face of the storm hut as I had been sent to the wind became so violent that it drove the rain get typhoid serum in a hurry I wanted to carry through the top and the side curtains. I had beout the commission and keep faith with the Nodoa gun to picture what we would be worth in the hospital. morning after a night spent huddled there in the damp and cold our bodies soaked and chilled to The first forty miles we covered in a little over the bone-when rip! ! before we knew what had three hours. The rain came down in torrents; the happened the wind took the top right off the car. wind blew and the road was execrable, but not It did not take us many minutes to conclude that impassable. It seemed a little ominous that in all we couldn't longer contemplate spending the night that time we saw not one other car, nor did any there and live through it. We would have to abancars go out from Nodoa all that day! Just before don the car to its fate-and in the back seat was we reached the half-way road-house, darkness over a hundred dollars worth of school uniforms, came upon us and we experienced what may have hats, books and other things that I had brought been an attempted hold up by bandits. However, along so that they would be safe! Maybe I didn't we reached Sim-toa and had a warm Chinese meal. hate to think of deserting the car there in that The question arose: should we attempt to cover condition to be blown and rained upon, for no one the other forty-five miles that night after dark, could tell how many hours-and open to the sky! with the poss1ibility of robbery (as another car However, we were desperate and had begun to had been p~undered there two weeks before), or think pretty serious thoughts. Each grabbed a should we spend the night in the car at Sim-toa small handbag containing personal belongings and and try to complete the journey the next day over a change of clothing. (The $700 was ina large roads that would be still more softened by a ty- suitcase with all my clothes.) I would gladly phoon rain all night? On the one hand I thought of the $700 that I had in my suitcase. On the other hand there was the likelihood that the roads would be impassable the next day, in which case

EXPERIENCES OF A MISSIONARY IN HAINAN

have left the clothes behind in order to travel light might be disposed to take us in. While the Chinese in the storm, but I couldn't open the bag there in are naturally hospitable they are not inclined to the driving rain and take out that paper money. receive strangers in the middle of the night and So we started toward No-vun which was several out in the country, for they have learned by bitter miles away. experience to assume that everyone is an enemy at such times. (The robbers are very bad in that I shall never forget that wild walk. You can area.) One would be apt to be met by vicious picture us in the midst of a cloudburst and a ty- dogs and perhaps a gun shot rather than by hosphoon wind; the former cut into the skin and pitality. This had been the subject of not a little made vision almost impossible; the latter blew talk before we arrived. us around at will and at times threw us down on the ground or into the fields, or started us run- SOME OF THE WILD LOIS IN A NON-CHRISTIAN VILLAGE ning along the slippery road, unable to stop and unable to proceed without slipping and falling. But there was never so much as a dog bark, for My long suitcase acted as a sort of sail and caught all animals were locked indoors; not a living thing the wind so that it was all I could do to keep stand- was stirring and apparently all were dead as the ing upright. The water and mud were often knee tombs. That is the first time I have ever apdeep; at other places the road was slick and slip- proached a village in China after dark (or in daypery as ice. I fell headlong in the mud a dozen light for that matter) without a multitude of dogs times,and twice I picked myself up in the fields going wild and making the air hideous. Every off the road entirely. Our knees and legs grew house was securely locked, with doors and winweak and our backs ached. That seemed the long- dows barred against the storm, and all the inest walk I ever took; actually it was only four habitants tucked snugly away under all the warm and one half to five miles! Talk about Paul Re- covers they could collect-for it was cold. We vere's ride. That was tough on the horse; this first tried the inn, or roadhouse (which is also the was tough on us! headquarters of the Public Road Department for that area). We yelled, and pleaded and shouted A Midnight Adventure ourselves hoarse-singly and in unison; we bel- lowed in desperation. It was all utterly useless Finally, at nearly midnight, we found ourselves waste of breath and energy. We did not seem to on the outskirts of No-vun-some distance off the be able to make ourselves heard above the noise main highway. Along the road we had passed of the storm. (Next day we found out that they five or six other cars in mud holes,; one was down heard us but didn't want to be bothered; or they in a field and deserted. They had all started out thought that we were robbers.) We didn't dare earlier that day in the hope of beating the storm beat on the door to attract attention for fear lest to Nodoa but all had lost the race. We were cov- we might get too warm a reception. So we went ered with mud from head to foot, drenched and down the street and tried .other places. Soon we soaked, chilled to the bone, and nearly "down and came to what we later found to be the "Smoking out." We were miserable specimens of humanity, Palace" (opium den) where we saw lights through and it didn't add to our peace of mind as we walked through the streets of the town (themselves litle rivulets) to see buildings blown down and other evidences of the violence of the storm. We could not but think of the car out there on the highway and we wondered what would be left of it in the morning. Of course my mind turned anxiously toward Nodoa, wondering what my wife was doing during this storm and how the children were. Had she been able to get the windows and shutters securely locked without help. For months the roof of our house has been leaking like a sieve: the tiles were very inferior, and in a recent storm we had to place pans to catch drips in about five different places. The mental picture was not very reassuring, or calculated to remove anxiety.

We were somewhat reassured by the fact that we saw on the only street of the village two cars that had taken refuge from the storm. If the passengers had been taken into the houses near by then the people of this small village must be awake to the fact that the road was impossible; they

the cracks in the building. We carried on a lively leather seat-covers and the coating of mud. But and edifying conversation with the people inside the car was not utterly ruined. I collected what through these same cracks; but they had no in- was left of the top from a near-by field and folded tention of letting us in. They called out: it up for future use. The engine, the coils, and all else were soaked-and it was still raining by "Go away and leave us alone. We won't open gusts and spurts. To start the engine seemed to you as you are robbers." hopeless but I took a chance and tried the Chinese method that I have seen used with success but not But we had no intention of being denied as we without risk. We ignited several' pieces of paper were getting desperate. We said: and put them into the engine so that the flames curled around the coils, cylinders and spark plugs "If we were robbers would we be standing here to dry them out. It sounds dangerous and it is, with a flashlight lighted up and shouting to you but we were desperate and ,still damp and hungry through the door, making a lot of racket and in- from the proceeding day's "lark." The plan viting you to attack us? Robbers wouldn't be that worked like a charm! The spark caught and the stupid !" engine started. I would not recommend the method to folks at home but it might be a good So the talk went on into the night, for what thing to know about when you visit Hainan. seemed to us hours. We were making no headway and were about to give up hope of getting in The day's work had just begun. There were anywhere – when an old woman (who had no ten men with sturdy poles and great strength, but money or valuables and so was not afraid of being the car would not budge an inch, so deep had it robbed) took pity on us and let us come into her settled, with the bumpers under water and mud house. There was no room for the four of us, but and great suction holding down the rear tires. we, at least temporarily, found warmth and We must have worked at it an hour before we shelter; she finally persuaded the gallant smok- gave up and hired several more men to lift the ing braves across the street to let us come into car bodily out of the slough. Then all rode the their commodious quarters. running board back to No-vun, and it was well that they did, for they often had to get out and The first thing for us to do was to take off our push us through ruts so deep that the bottom of filthy, drenched clothing. We did not have one the car literally plowed through the mUd, and the really dry garment in our handbags or in my suit- front axle and radiator acted as a scrape to level case, but we had some semi-dry pieces and shared off the road, clear away rocks and prepare the what we had. For instance, my pajama tops way for the more vulnerable parts behind. It was looked ridiculous on a little nO-pound Chinese- a miracle – nothing more or less – that we got Bit-kheng, one of the hospital assistants. We had through that stretch of road as far as No-vun quite an interested audience of men and women which is the worst stretch on a very bad road. whose curiosity as we changed our clothing might We drove into No-vun to get something to eat, charitably be explained as "fraternal interest." I pay our bills for our luxurious night's accommodawas too far gone to be "nice." They finally gave tions, and buy gasoline from the Public Roads us some food and a warm drink of some kind Headquarters. I had started from Hoihow with which fortified us against the night that we had to ten gallons, had made about fifty miles of the endure. eighty-nine and had only two gallons left. That gives some idea of the state of the road; under For a bed all four of us were provided with good conditions my car can do nearly twenty miles double doors supported on two wooden horses; on a gallon of gas. for pillows we each had a nice ten-inch brick (guaranteed not to break from the weight of one's Of the rest of that trip as far as Notia I will head, nor to transmit insect life.) The roof leaked spare you the details of the numberless times we but not directly over our heads. The floor was so got stuck, the hours we spent pushing, digging, muddy and slippery that we could scarcely walk jacking up the car and putting rocks under the or keep on our feet. There was very little sleep tires. It will always remain etched upon my memfor any of us that night but we survived! ory as incomparable. We learned that between Notia and Nio-hau two bridges had been washed The Morning After away and were told that we might as well give up any idea of reaching Nodoa that night. But after The next morning with empty stomachs we all our herculean efforts, we were not going to trudged back over the road we had trekked the fail to reach our goal when so near-especially as night before and took five or six men with us to we feared one more night in wet clothes and with help push, drag and persuade the car out of that empty stomachs might be the end of us. So we mud-hole. My imagination had painted a very sad went on. The first bridgeless stream was not wide picture of what the car must be like after being out on the road all night, through a typhoon rain and with no top. It was certainly an awful sight to behold-with all the contents (hat-boxes and school uniforms) melted and merged with the

EXPERIENCES OF A MISSIONARY IN HAlNAN

but had high banks and a deep swift current. We China through Canton are now cut off and we are hired a bunch of farmers to bring beams and left in the dark mostly – and the victims of the planks, and in a couple of hours a bridge was put most alarming rumors. The loss of Canton, nerveacross where there had been none before. There center of the wealthiest province in China, is a was a clearage on each side of only a few inches. dreadful blow, and an awful heartbreak to We had not gone far before the farmers were tear- Hainan. There may have been darker periods ing down the bridge so the next cars to come along ("before the dawn") in the history of other nawould be obliged either to pay four dollars to them tions-but it is not to be denied that the present to rebuild it or could sit there and enjoy the beau- picture is black. We still have hope and faith ties of nature. but we do not know what our future course will The second bridge was wider but the approach LI-EK, niE LOI LEADER, WHO BROUGHT HUNDREDS was damaged and speedy and temporary repairs OF HIS PEOPLE TO CHRIST were out of the question. We decided to take a chance, running through the stream, though the be. Before we can write another letter communiwater was deep and the current racing. There cations may be cut off entirely, or Japan may take was an ox-cart crossing at that point; but a cross- over the island and establish a rigid censorship. ing possible for an ox-cart is usually impossible Already word has come from Hoihow that the to a car. Out came our hoe and again we went local Government has ordered all the Chinese to work leveling off the approaches and cutting women and children and old people to flee from down the bank that we must ascend on the other Hoihow and Kiungchow to the villages. The side. The water was almost up to the waist and French Consul has notified us that France will not the ascent on the other side looked almost impos- defend Hainan, and advises all American women sible. But the alternative was to leave the car and children to leave for Hongkong, as he conthere or spend the night with it in our exhausted, siders the Japanese invasion of Hainan as a mathungry, wet, clammy state. If I had to leave the ter of a few days or possibly hours. car in the middle of the stream it would at least be washed clean, so I breathed deeply and made We have made up our minds, for better or the attempt. The water was up to the engine and worse, to stay by here for the time being at least. the vulnerable parts, but it was so heated from We will stay and serve the people just as long as its exertions that it resisted the water. That is we can, for I prefer to stay by the people here at my theory-because before we reached home the a time of stress and danger. water and mud had permeated into the motor and stalled us; the battery, carburator, and coils were soaked and coated with mud. It was too much for even as noble a car as my little Ford. We had to push her the rest of the way home-and our entry into the compound gates was anything but triumphal! The next day (Sunday) I spent in bed, conscious for the first time in years of many usually well-behaved muscles, now sore as a boil all over, almost too tired and weary to sleep. The next two weeks I spent all the time I could spare working on that car, cleaning it inside and out, putting on a new canvas lining for the top, and repainting the whole car. It really looks very well, but I fear it will never be the same again.

Developments in the War Zone Later: For days we have been intensely watching developments in the war zone – and especially the lightning attack upon our own Province. Everyone 'is greatly disturbed and for several days I have done little but talk with callers, trying to allay fears, answering questions about what is happening (the Chinese will believe that somehow we have inside information that is kept from them). Several days ago came the staggering news of the fall of Canton and its destruction. All communications with war zone and the rest of

Beams from Lima

By DR. SAMUEL S. RIZZO, Newark, N. J.

Pastor of a Portuguese Presbyterian Church T HE recent conference of Lima was not with- service. The liberalism of President Vargas goes out religious significance. Its political re- so far that, being a nominal Catholic, he does not sults, valuable as they were in proclaiming apologize for naming his son after the great rethe validity of International Law, and in pro- former Luther. moting friendly relations among the nations, are secondary in importance when compared with the Several years ago a proposal came before the recognition of certain moral principles accepted Brazilian Congress to "declare" Roman Catholiby the conference, and of great significance to the cism the religion of the majority of the Brazilian Kingdom of God. people. President Vargas, then a congressman, wrote: Religious and Racial Liberty With reference to the proposed amendment (to the Con- stitution, Item No. 10) stipulating that the Catholic The Lima conference was an event, perhaps Church is the church of the majority of the Brazilian peounparalleled in the history of Latin America. ple, I think, in the first place, that such statement is very Twenty-one nations, after much debate, and with disputable. In order that a person might call himself a full acquiescence of their respective governments, Catholic, he should know the doctrine, accept it and live it. signed a document upholding the principle of "in- With such conditions only an elite, a select minority, comdividual liberty without religious or racial preju- ply. The high circles in social life have adopted a Catholidices." cism rather sceptical and elegant. And the vast ignorallt masses are still in the age of fetishist worship of saints While the Americas are not entirely free from with several miracle-working specialties.

religious intolerance, it is only fair to say that The amendment was rejected by an overwhelmsuch intolerance as exists in the republics of the ing vote. south is usually the work of Roman Catholic priests. Such intolerance is not condoned by the At Lima, when the world's political skies were laws and is repudiated by the best citizens. When so dark, it was an auspicious time for this "liberala Presbyterian minister was expelled from the ism" to project itself as a ,beam of hope for decity of Aparecida, Brazil, and the furniture of his mocracy. How long shall "individual liberty withhall was burned by a mob led by German monks, out religious prejudices" prevail in Central and the ex-president Washington Luis, then governor South America we do not know. With the world of Sao Paulo, sent a squadron of oavalry to the constantly menaced by dictators,and the devil acscene of disturbance, and for several Sundays the tive, anything may serve as a pretext to justify same pastor preached in the open air, protected the invalidation of this religious liberty. But by the State troops. I have seen a Christian Jew while it prevails may we, ministers and laymen, knocked down by men of his race when he at- be made equal by the power of the Holy Spirit, tempted to preach the Gospel in Columbus Circle, to the opportunity of this hour. New York. Religious liberty was not vindicated The Christ of the Andes more quickly or with more emphasis by the police Of far-reaching .significance was the declaration of New York, than it was in the case at Aparecida. at Lima, by the twenty-one nations of the Amer- In both instances the intolerance was a violation icas, to express their "unbreakable desire for of the law of the land and was, not condoned by peace, and their profound sentiment of humanity the State. and tolerance." Next to the delegation from The statesmen of South America are, as a rule, Bolivia sat the delegates from Paraguay, all in proud of their "liberalism." When I invited a joyful mood, glad that no longer an abnormal redip~omat in New York to come to a religious serv- lation of hate existed among the family of nations ice in my Portuguese Church in Newark, knowing in the Americas. Dignified and greatly esteemed, that he was of different faith, I added to my presiding over the most important committee of invitation, "I know that you are a liberal." He the conference-the committee on Declaration of sent me a courteous reply, stressing his liberal- Solidarity-sat one of the oldest statesman of the ism and promising to prove it by attending the Americas, the Brazilian delegate, Afranio de [252]

AMONG THE INDIANS OF NORTH DAKOTA

Mello Franco. He was the sole arbiter of the dis- own plans to accept that from Argentina." pute between Colombia and Peru over the conflict Twenty-one nations of the Americas refused, in of Leticia, and his efforts for peace saved thou- the critical hour, to "isolate" Argentina, writing sands of lives from destruction at a time when a declaration of continental solidarity without the Peru, Colombia and Ecuador had already em- signature of Buenos Aires. "The victory belongs barked on a wholesale arming for war. When, to the Messrs. Hull, Mello Franco, Conchas and in the midst of the conference this gentleman re- others, who were magnanimous and did not deceived the sad news of the death of his son-in-law, mand that which the superiority of their forces the sincere sympathy of his admirers poured in . . . could suggest." This declaration marked an in hundreds of telegrams daily from all the Amer- attitude most dramatic in the history of the Panicas showing to the world that those who labor for American Conferences, and perhaps never equaled peace are ble,ssed by man, as well as by God. Let in tne political history of the world! Twenty-one us be thankful for the peacemakers of the Amer- republics sacrificed their personal preferences be- £Cas, and let us' ,pray that the Christ of the Andes, cause they could not bear the separation of a sister today ruling over the Chaco, in Tacna-Arica, and republic from the family of nations. This speaks up in Leticia, shall be always the Prince of Peace of the unity of the Americas much more effectively in the Western Hemisphere. than the Declaration of Solidarity in itself. It was a beautiful example of the Christian principle Solidarity at a Sacrifice of "the second mile," practiced collectively.

Commenting on the Declaration of Lima, a Bra- '" '" '" zilian newspaper wrote: "The only victory that is really to be seen in the declaration of continental Liberty, tolerance, peace and magnanimous sacsolidarity of Lima, is the loyalty and spirit of sac- rifice were the contributions of the Conference of rifice of twenty other nations, who, in order not to Lima to a world darkened by the lack of these virbreak the unity of the Americas, abandoned their tues. Christian people welcome them as new rays of hope for mankind.

Among the Indians in North Dakota* By the VEN. THOMAS A. SIMPSON Archdeacon of Indian Work, North Dakota O N THE Standing Rock Reservation, North some of the men present she said "and he has Dakota, there was Red Hail, a Sioux chief, struck some of you." But she remarked that it so named, says Indian tradition, because he was a good place to be, for if he came after anywas born during a great meteoric shower. For one they could run to the church for refuge. many years he welcomed Indian missionaries to Lastly she said the river was near by and those his cabin for services and largely was responsible who did not wash very often could come for a for the building of St. Gabriel's Chapel at Red swim. Hail Camp (Brien). St. Gabriel's has produced some fine Christian characters among whom are William White Eagle's zeal for Christ led him the Rev. William Skala (White) Cross, a grandson of Red Hail, and Luke and Lucy Shoot-the- into active missionary work, both on the Standing Buffalo. Lucy invited the annual Indian convo- Rock and Fort Berthold Reservations. On one of cation to meet at St. Gabriel's in 1937. Argu- his mis1sionary journeys to Fort Berthold he was ments were advanced in favor of other stations. the means of Yellow Bear's conversion. One night It was said that good food would be served at St. as he was conducting service in his tent, Yellow Sylvan's, while at St. Gabriel's there was a den Bear went on the war path, determined to put an of rattlesnakes which the people from Fort Tot- end to such religious activity. Yellow Bear waited ten did not like. Lucy promptly replied (her re- for a moment outside the tent before going in to marks being interpreted) that nowhere did the break up the meeting, but as he sltood there he Bible teach men to worship their stomachs. She heard for the first time the message of the Master acknowledged that there were rattlesnakes at St. spoken through the lips of White Eagle. His con- Gabriel's and that one of the snakes had seven version followed. At his baptism he was named tongues and one tongue was liquor. Pointing at Paul after St. Paul, who also was once the enemy of Christ. • Condensed from The Spirit 01 Missions, December, 1938. Paul Yellow Bear was an unusual man; as he formerly had used his natural gifts to keep his

friends and neighbors in paganism, he later used vicinity. Here the Church has some eight acres them to win people to Christ. For many years he of land, church, parish house, rectory, and miswas lay reader at St. Paul's Chapel, where he has sion home; all in charge of the Rev. W. S. Cross, left a lasting impression. a retired Indian priest. The existing social and moral conditions demand recognition. The Gov- Paul Bear-Paw, another convert from pagan- ernment has established' a local school system in ism in North Dakota, served for many years as addition to nonreservation schools but the averlay reader at St. James' Church, Cannon Ball, age home life has not kept pace with these adwhere his widow, Julia, is still an active com- vances and the returning student has almost municant. insurmountable problems of adjustment, often reverting to old reservation ways of living. Sick- Thomas Ashley, another chief figure, was an ness is prevalent while social diseases play havoc able leader and efficient interpreter. As an inter- with countless Indians. Among children, the preter he served faithfully, with marked ability, death rate is especially high. Doctors and hospinot only his Church but also the Government and tals are miles away and there are some tragic courts of justice. deaths. Only within one-half mile of St. James' a young girl died of tuberculosis while in the In St. Sylvan's Mission, in the Turtle Moun- same one-roomed cabin a young mother was givtains, labored that staunch Christian, Rising Sun, ing birth to her first child. And there was no one a full-blooded Chippewa, who lived to the age of to help! 110 years. His name was given him because he first saw the light of day when the sun was peep- An adequate program of religious education for ing out of the East. When past middle life he set- Indian children is something yet to be achieved. tled down in the Turtle Mountains, and devoted his Distances, weather conditions, general environtime to raising cattle. He was partly the means ment, seem to be insurmountable difficulties. of preventing a repetition of the Custer massacre Apart from two Church missions there is no orin the Dunseith hills when the county authorities ganized religious instruction. Leaflets, manuals had a misunderstanding about taxes with the of instruction, odd numbers of the Christian Nurmixed-blood Indians. When Rising Sun and his ture Series, religious pictures, are given out and wife received their first annuity from the Govern- used at home, where many of the parents welcome ment, they bought thirty dollars worth of lumber the help given. But the Church has not yet to help build a chapel that they had been wanting touched the problem. The men have their guilds for years, keeping the lumber in their little log and carry out a program of service adapted to hut for six years before their ambition was real- local needs. The Woman's Auxiliary branches ized. St. Sylvan's. log chapel, standing on a high meet for worship and work. elevation of land, is a monument to Rising Sun's devotion. Mr. Robert Fox, an Indian trained at Santee, Nebraska, and his wife, are doing excellent work The present work at Breckenridge Memorial in St. Paul's Mission to the Arickara tribe at Fort Chapel began in 1898. It is about six miles from Berthold. Since their coming the work of the the Agency in what is known as the Crow Hill Church has made real progress. Once a month neighborhood. An Indian named Iyayukamani they give religious instruction at the public school, (He-Follows-Walking) had loaned a house where to classes that are increasing in numbers. The services were conducted in the Dakota langua.ge. Arickara people, having had more educational ad- Iyayukamani was a stalwart Christian and is re- vantages than some other Indians, are more admembered as the founder of the Church work at vanced and more prosperous. this point. Bernard Rainbow, brought up under the Christian influence of Iyayukatnani, carried Originally St. Sylvan's Mission in the Turtle on the work of lay reader for many years. Mountains consisted of a log chapel and seventy acres, of land, but about five years ago the National In recalling these and other names it can be Indian Association turned over to the Church seen that the work among the Indians in North their abutting property consisting of 220 acres, Dakota is unique in that it is the result of the a dwelling house, a frame parish hall, and some missionary zeal of the Indians themselves. dilapidated buildings.

Today there are some eight thousand Indians If the story of this Indian field had to be sumliving on the four reservations where the six mis- med up into one word it would have to be the sions of the Protestant Episcopal Church are word need. Not only is there need for physical located. direction and assistance, there are those deeper and more urgent needs arising out of the social The largest mission on the Standing Rock and tribal background of the various groups, Reservation is St. James', three miles south of which can only be met by a well-balanced program the village of Cannon Ball, in the center of a large express'ed through the Church. Indian community. The name Cannon Ball is derived from the huge rock formations found in the

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I Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MISS GRACE W. MCGAVRAN, 5718 OAK AVE.. INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA ~=I============~~==~~~~~ Combatting Summer Heat glad, once a year, to open them At one of the regular meetings to such church groups, especially the members who had made Although it was early summer when the hostess is a member of these trips told about them. it was already hot. Sheer iner- the group. They spoke informally, not attia would keep some people from tempting to philosophize or to attending their missionary meet- In planning such an event, it summarize situations. The y ings. The two missionary or- is wise to put extra effort into merely gave their impressions. ganizations in one church were the arrangements, so that every- Those who had not been able to busy planning attractions, the one may have an unusually good go, gained a new vision of the pull of which might overcome time "visiting." The trip out in needs of a great city and of some that tendency to stay at home. the bus may be made a jolly oc- of the very human ways in which The women's group, made up of casion. Have good, simple and life can be changed when somewomen who can come in the ample food. Have a good pro- one cares enough to do someafternoon, had its special prob- gram, suited for outdoor pro- thing about it. lems. The business women's duction. group (who necessarily met at What is there about which night) had to combat the fatigue Every summer meeting, from your missionary society, your resulting from work through which members of the society ch~rch body, or your young peolong hot hours. come away saying, "Didn't we ple s group need first-hand in- have a good time? Let's do it formation? Do they know that At this point an invitation again next year," has not only many human beings are suffercame from a former minister of accomplished its purpose in this ing in the suffocating streets and the church and his wife, to both series of meetings, but has had a alleys of the very city or town in groups, to hold their next meet- real part in training the women whose comparatively cool subing at the country home to which to look forward to summer mis- urbs you live? Do they know he had retired some years ago. sionary meetings, instead of some of the difficult working and avoiding them. living conditions of migrant The invitation was accepted workers in your own county? with delight. But careful plan- Telling What They Have Seen Do they have firsrt-hand knowlning had to follow. The country edge of the way in which social place was some distance from There is an eternal fascination service and church agencies are the neighborhood so that busses in hearing about interesting working? Do they know what had to be chartered, and the things that we have not seen. avenues of volunteer service are necessary meals planned. There is even greater fascina- open to some of themselves? tion in telling about things we One group went in the after- have seen to those who have not Try making investigations. noon and one in the evening and seen them. Why not make use Those who do it will be glad to both enjoyed a delightful time. of those two characteristics to tell about it. Your meeting will The attendance was as good as achieve summer program effec- have a breath of reality to it if the weather had been more tiveness. which will attract, in spite of hot propitious. The programs were weather. excellent; the fellowship was A missionary group in a large joyful, with an opportunity to city asked several members to A Book Meeting in August wander through the orchard look into certain institutions last with its closely mowed grass, summer during the study of The August is usually a very dead among the flower-beds, along the City. (The summer before the month when many churches alraspberry vines, and beside the same group had asked members most close their doors. lily pool. After a dusty day in to look into the Negro's living town it seemed like a different conditions.) A morning in the But it is during those very world. juvenile court; a visit to the "dead" times that many people county home for orphan chil- have more leisure for reading While only a few societies can dren ; a few hours in police than at any other time during enjoy such an experience, it is court; time spent in one of the the year. possible for more than actually settlement houses-these were a experience it. Many times per- few of the trips made. One organization asked a comsons with lovely grounds are mittee to select new books deal- [255 ]

ing with various missionary sub- Among those put out coopera- living in areas of tension, conjects. These were to include tively by a number of the denom- flict or economic readjustment, stories, biographies, travel, his>- inations, are very good units on "working on some community tory, background material; and world friendship. Less well project of social significance ineven such things 'as the poetry adapted to the longer vacation volving physical labor." and the philosophy of a certain schools, but good for those runcountry or people. ning for a short period are the Work camps require more texts of the Friendship Press than a desire to serve. Only One person, quite clever at (New York), which can be se- those should apply (says the such things, took five or six of cured through any denomina- folder describing them) "who the lighter books, and selected tional publishing house. are willing to live cooperatively from each an incident which she as a part of a group; do hard dramatized. The dramatization Talk over the matter of mis- physical labor; impos.e self-disin each case ended uncompleted sion study with those in charge cipline as a member of a demoat an interesting point, leaving of the vacation school planning. cratically organized group." the group with a desire to know An effective course should be what happened next. placed somewhere in a three- Hard labor, we might say in year cycle. Write to your na- passing, means just that. Wreck- The dramatizations, together tional children's work director, ing houses to create playground with a review of a book or two, the missionary education depart- space; quarrying stone to build formed the program for a meet- ment of your Board of Christian a dam; clearing land for farming, and started the autumn Education, or similar organiza- ing, making roads – these and reading in a very effective way. tion, or to your church publish- other projects are done under ing house for specific informa- technical supervision and must Why not have a book meeting tion. be done right. sometime during the summer? If you do not wish to have dram- A Comparison Ha.rd labor is not all. Noone atized incidents from books, does the camp work for the there are many other ways in I thought of it once as I sat by myself workers. It is a cooperative which books can be introduced. And looked at the boxes that sat on enterprise and the campers must Perhaps you can secure some do camp work themselves. Then member, or some one else who the shelf, there are hours of study. Each is a well known reviewer of One so large, one so small, with a camp, with its relationship to books, able to give a really one of the areas noted above, thought-provoking book review contrast most grim. engages in serious study on the of one of the important books for A bandbox for me, and a mite-box for problems of the community and the coming year's study. The ways of working toward their one review may make up the en- Him. solution. tire program – one to which guests might well be invited, and I paid for my hat and I paid for my You could not do better for one which would stimulate the gown, your young people this summer reading of the book by every than to investigate with them member of the group. Such And I paid for the furs that I pur- this particular field of service books do not often appear, but chased down town, and other avenues of volunteer the type we have in mind is that work. of House of Exile (China), by And when I returned, it was plain as Nora WaIn, or the more recent could be– You could not do better than Himself (India), by Ramahai to guide them to that which is Ranade. A mite-box for Him and a bandbox the "moral equivalent for war, for me. in terms of a constructive and Vacation Church School and adventurous service." I tossed in a dime, but it didn't seem Mission Study right; For specific information about work camps, write to the Work Camp Com- Now is the time to survey the I couldn't be proud of that curious mittee, American Friends SerVice field of studies in world friend- sight; Committee, 20 So. Twelfth Street, ship and in the missionary work Philadelphia, Pa. of the church which are avail- So I took out my check book and tried able for Primary and Junior to be square; Another avenue for a different type study in the Daily Vacation of service may be found in the Chris- Church Schools which will be set For I wanted my giving to look like tian Centers in migrant groups. Write up this summer in thousands of my prayer. to the Council of Women for Home churches. Missions, 297 Fourth Ave., New York. -By Sarella Te Winkle, in Vacation Church School is an "The Missionary Monthly." There is adventure aplenty in takideal place for effective mission Used by permission. ing Vacation Church Schools to the study. Make sure that those in children of isolated regions of our charge of selecting the studies American Youth Can Serve country. Write to The International this summer are aware of the Council of Religious Education, 203 available texts along this line. One of the most interesting So. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111., to ask developments of recent years is about that. the type of volunteer service made possible to American youth Student Peace Service secretaries under the American Friends are looking for Peace Volunteers to Service Committee. work this summer in America, Mex- ico and Europe. Pacifist youth will Since 1934, when the project find a thrilling service there. Write was started, the movement has grown. What is it?

Briefly, work camps are set up -there were six or seven of them in 1938 – where carefully selected college or university young people spend eight weeks

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

to Harold Chance, 20 South 12th since the preparation of entirely Koreans and Japanese, and Street, Philadelphia, for information. different menus would be im- green tea.

There are also innumerable practical. However, a dessert On the China table was a Chiprojects arranged by mission typical of each country was nese evergreen in a dragon bowl, served, as nearly as possible boards of various denominations. after the manner of that coun- and "water flowers." Woven Send out inquiries in various try. straw place mats were used, and directions, and try to plan a con- the place cards were Chinese structive summer of study and The centerpiece for the Mex- scenes, attached to tiny paper valuable experience, for the ico table was a bowl of cactus parasols. Rice wafers, crystalyoung people in your church or plants. Zinnias would be equally lized ginger, peanuts and "jas- appropriate, since this flower community. came originally from Mexico. mine" tea formed the dessert. A list of Chinese proverbs was An International Luncheon There were bright-colored doi- read, the Chinese being noted for lies, fiesta china and paper nap- their terse sayings. (We are indebted to Mrs. H. H. Fer- kins with a fiesta design. The guson for the following account) dessert was penuchi, strips of Chopsticks were provided for fresh coconut and coffee with those who cared to eat rice with An "International Luncheon," hot milk. them. given recently in Xenia, Ohio, was a social occasion with a pur- At the Philippine table, na- At Iran's table, the hostess pose: to create an interest in the tive-drawn work doilies were sprayed each guest's napkin peoples of far-away lands and to used, and as a centerpiece an with rose perfume (from the 10 promote world-mindedness by oriental bowl with brilliant cent store). Roses are grown in attempting to secure a better orange flowers. Place cards were Iran for the manufacture of perunderstanding of how other peo- hand made, using very tiny sea fume, so the centerpiece was a ples live, of their customs, their shells, glued to cards and tinted bowl of roses. Brass is much interests, their problems. Plans to represent flowers. The des- used in Iran, so the candlesticks, for the luncheon were rooted in sert was sliced pineapple, fresh tray and dishes for the dessert the idea of the oneness of the coconut and coffee with hot milk. were of brass; and since green human family. They can be is the Mohammedan color, the adapted to any group. For the West Indies, the cen- paper napkins, ink on the place Tables, each seating eight per- . terpiece was a pottery donkey, cards and the candles were sons, represented countries with tiny plants growing in the green. The dessert was turkish paste, dates and wafers. Black where Presbyterians are at baskets attached to his back. tea was served, guests putting a work. Since this group was not These donkeYis with their bas- lump of sugar in the mouth and large enough to represent all of kets are the common carriers in s,ipping the tea over it, according the sixteen countries, the follow- the West Indies. Little dolls, to Iranian custom. ing seven were selected: Korea, made of sea shells and popular China, India, Iran, Philippine with tourists, were used in the The afternoon program in- Islands, Mexico and the West decorations. A missionary friend cluded a few national songs, and Indies. A tiny national flag and in Santo Domingo sent a native items of news interest from vaa placard on each table indicated candy, made of coconut milk, rious lands. Guests were then the country represented; and to and hand tinted photo scenes in divided into two groups for a arrange the seating, the guests, the West Indies for place cards. "Prof. Quiz" feature, with thirty Another missionary in Porto questions of general missionary as they arrived, drew a slip bear- Rico sent guava paste for this significance, and a score of coring the name of one of the coun- rect answers was kept. Some of tries. The centerpiece, .and other table served as Porto Ricans like the questions. were: appointments of each table, sug- it with yellow cheese and crackgested the country. Some of the ers. At this table also, coffee What people are called a "nation of place doilies were paper world was served with hot milk. . Bible readers"?

maps, secured from Dennison'S, The hostess for the India table Has India more, or fewer people than New York. Place cards con- made "tied and dyed" plate the United States? tained a statement or question doilies, as this art originated about the country to provide con- with the Indians. Their favorite Name five living religions. Which religion has the largest num- ber of adherents?

versation topics.. At each table a flower, yellow marigolds, formed Narne three famous missionaries of "hostess," who had been previ- the centerpiece. At this table, the past.

ously supplied with facts, kept there was chutney, cashew nuts The success of such a lunchthe talk going about her country. and "sweets." Black tea was eon will depend upon planning The following ideas were car- served. well in advance, in order to se- ried out at the various tables. A A "dish garden" made the cure as much background inforlittle canvassing among friends, centerpiece for the Korea table. mation as possible. Denominaand consultation with mission- Place cards were supplied by a tional Boards will gladly supply aries or Board executives, will former missionary. For dessert, songs and proverbs, and interyield many other suggestions. there were rice wafers (from esting facts about all countries Rice was served as a part of the R. H. Macy's, New York), per- are to be found in the MISSIONmain course at all the tables, simmons, a favorite fruit among ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD.

A Story for the

MOTHER'S DAY FIESTA "Ah, Ricardo, can't we do "Well, I have it here and I'm something?" The tears started By VIOLET WOOD, NEW YORK in Jacinto's eyes. "How good going to give it to you." you are! I did not even notice Ricardo, a Mexican boy, sat our mother's rebozo." "Could we possibly have that hunched over on his pony. He scarcely heeded the cattle as they "No, it is not that I am better one, just for the Mother's Day wandered about nibbling grass. than you, little sister. I am Then, as he heard someone older than you and notice such Fiesta?" Jacinto fairly shouted. shouting "Ricardo!" he looked things," responded Ricardo. up and saw his sister, Jacinto, "Yes," responded the teacher, running in and out among the "Now I am sad like you. Now gentle beasts, shouting: "Hi, the beautiful funny-faced pan- "and if you will make another Ricardo, hi!" sies in my garden no longer make me laugh." one to take its place, your mother As he looked at her he thought, "When I am a man I "There is our friend, Mrs. may keep this one. I'll give you shall buy her ribbons for her Turner, at the church," said hair so that she will not have to Ricardo. "She is the one who the patches and if you sew one tie her braids with shoe strings." spoke to the Senor of the ha- cienda and arranged that I small one every day, the rebozo "What's the matter with you, should take my father's place." Ricardo? Are you ill? Was the will be finished in time for our market-day too much for you "Yes," Jacinto clapped her yesterday?" she asked all in one hands. "Let us go to her dur- Christmas service next year." breath. ing the siesta." Ricardo and Jacinto threw "Ah, Jacinto, how you chatter, Since their mother worked in like a macaw, the noisiest of pa.r- the big house on the hacienda, their arms around Mrs. Turner rots," sighed Ricardo. Jacinto prepared lunch for her brother and herself in the little and then ran after her into her Jacinto, puffing, reached the white-adobe, one-room hut that pony and rubbed his nose affec- was their home. After lunch, little three-room house. Breathtionately. "But, Ricardo, why instead of sitting on the little are you so sad on this beautiful porch under the hanging peppers lessly watched her turn over the May day? We are to have fri- to enj oy their siesta, they set off joles and tortillas for lunch." at a fast pace to the Christian contents of her trunk. In it were Social Center to find their friend. "Tomorrow is the Mother's lovely soalrlaasp,esor(cwlaayterdijsahres~),bea- Day Fiesta." On the way Jacinto gathered sides an armful of wild geraniums "Ah, I have guessed. I know." and dahlias t.o give to their painted pig bank and a huge Jacinto danced around. "You friend. When they reached Mrs. are afraid you will forget your Turner's house, they bot h sombrero. Near the bottom of poem at the Christian Social stopped, suddenly frightened. Center. It is hard to speak Eng- The missionary welcomed them the trunk lay the rebozo made lish, but you are very smart, from her porch and finally Ri- Ricardo; you will not forget." cardo blurted out their problem, of hundreds of patches of gaily with Jacinto butting in tearfully "No, Jacinto, it is not that I every once in a while. colored calico, silk, rayon and fear to forget the English words." Ricardo shookhis head. "I know just the thing," said cotton. It was a beautiful shawl, Mrs. Turner. "You remember "T hen what?" J a c i n t 0 the Christmas pageant we had much more lovely than the usual shrugged. in the church last December?" black rebozo worn by the women. "If I ten you this, you must Ricardo nodded. not let our mother know I have Jacinto burst out, "But what There was great rejoicing in guessed. Promise me, Jacinto." has that-" "Oh, it has a lot to do with it," the little adobe hut when the "Yes, yes, Ricardo. It will be cried the missionary. "Rememas if you had not said it." ber that lovely patchwork rebozo next day the children gave their I made and which your Spanish "Our mother has no new re- teacher wore when she was the mother the rebozo! That evebozo to wear to the Christian Madonna?" Social Center. All the other "Yes," cried both children. ning in the Christian Social Cenmothers who have husbands are going to have new shawls, but [258 ] ter there was no prouder woman our mother has no husband to buy her a rebozo. She will be than the mother of Ricardo and unhappy." Jacinto.

Rkardo was so happy that he shouted his Mother's Day Fiesta poem. Jacinto could scarcely sit still. Mrs. Turner, the mission- ary, thanked God for having the chance to bring happiness.

Making Use of This Story To interest the child in the missionary project among Mex- ican children, who are our near- est neighbors. See how many Mexkan words he knows after reading the story.

1. hacienda (large estate). 2. fiesta (holiday). 3. siesta (resting period after lunch) . 4. frijoles (beans). 5. tortillas (corn pancakes). 6. rebozo (shawl). 7. plaza (city or village square). 8. sarapes (blankets worn by men). 9. so-mbrero (huge hat). 10. senor (Mr. or owner). .

BULLETIN

Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

I============================~ Vacation Time – Summer Women and girls. unfamiliar counter in our local tasks and to- with summer conferences often gether solve them. We learn to Conference think that their sole purpose is understand characteristics and to teach the mission study books. viewpoints of peoples from other Yes-vacation time does mean This is only one feature, an im- lands by our contacts with misa summer conference for an in- portant one, but many more sionaries and nationals. We see creasing number of women each courses are offered. It will be ourselves from their viewpoint. year throughout the United of interest to doubting ones to States. There are twenty-two list a few of the courses that Vision – with this fellowship Conferences and Schools of Mis- were successfully tried last sum- comes a new understanding, and sions affiHated with the Council mer at various schools. with this new understanding of Women for Home Missions, comes a loftier vision. A vision and the Committee on Women's Christian conduct today. which places us and our difficul- Work, Foreign Missions Confer- Leadership training in devotionals. ties in their proper relationship. ence. These conferences are held Normal class in leadership. A vision from a spiritual mounat various times from April Book reviews. tain top that gives courage to through October, planned to co- Building and administering a helpful descend to the valley, better preincide with the vacation season. pared to attack the work waiting The attendance ranges from one youth program. there. A vision of the whole hundred and twenty-five dele- Laboratory class in methods of pro- purpose-His Kingdom on earth gates at the smallest conference -and the part we each are privto more than twelve hundred gram building. ileged to contribute. delegates at the largest. They Planning worship services for girlsvary in length of time. A few 1939 Conferences * are for two days-devoting one including personal worship. day to Home Missions and the Christian citizenship. The mission study for 1939 other day to Foreign Missions. Problem clearing. will be developed around the Some are of four-day duration, Religion in art. 'theme "Christ and World Comand many take a full week for Women's work-social action-peace munity." study. It is interesting to note that the large majority of the -unity. "The Mission of the Church delegates are lay-workers and Girls' personality course. Abroad" will be studied against leaders, women and girls from Music in Christian education. the background of the material local churches. Women and Panel discussions on various phases of presented at the great missiongirls who have accepted offices ary conference held in Madras, of responsibility: president of women's interdenominational work India, in December, 1938. In the mission society or women's Round table discussions on Oxford no sense a report of the meeting, auxiliary, devotional I e ad e r, the study books will interpret chairman of worship services, and Madras. the valuable discussions on the teacher of a study book, teacher Infusion of missions in the whole life and work of the younger in the bible school, etc. One mis- churches and the major issues sions school reported local pas- church program. confronting all Churches of the tors as delegates and one confer- East and West in their common ence had four groups: children, We have been thinking and missionary enterprise of the junior girls, senior girls, and writing about courses and dele- coming years. The books are bewomen. Apparently local work- gates, now let us consider the ing prepared by S. Franklin ers, women and girls, realize spiritual benefits derived from Mack and Basil Mathews who that more serious study and a these gatherings. were in attendance at Madras. deeper consecration is of vital importance if they are to per- Fellowship-Understanding "The Mission of the Church at form their various duties accept- -Vision Home" will be presented in ably. It is also encouraging that courses showing the rich fruits the groups attending are com- Fellowship – with worn e n of home missions through a cenposed of younger women. from other churches, from other tury of pioneering, introducing denominations, from other coun- tries. A fellowship with mis- * A list of summer conferences for 1939 sionaries. A fellowship with leaders and teachers. Fellow- will be found on page 260. ships that ripen into life-long friendships. Friendships that call forth the best in us in re- membrance of our conference days together.

Understanding – in this close fellowship we share the prob- lems and difficulties we en- [259 ]

the new leadership and pointing ward, 902 North 6th Street, Cam- and power may be utilized) but out the new tasks for the home bridge, Ohio. also practical new ways of premissionary enterprise of the fu- Mountain Lake Park, Md.-July 19-25 senting the four projects-samture. Books are in preparation -Interdenominational Sum mer ple d ram a s, impersonations, by Arthur S. Limouze and Frank School of Missions. Mrs. F. I. symbols-as well as other inti- S. Mead. Johnson, 711 Lake Shore Boulevard, mate suggestions. about proce- Saint Cloud, Fla. dure so that various types of These books on home and for- women may become active: coleign missions will be taught at AUGUST lege girls, world travelers, inall the mission schools. Kerrville, Texas – August 10-16- valids, etc. Instruction in the Bible will Texas Synodical Auxiliary Training 3. The Publicity Sub-Commitbe given at the conferences. School. Mrs. George M. Smith, "The farther the ages advance in Route 2, Brownsville, Texas. tee is already at work on sample civilization the more will the articles for use in local news- Bible be used."-Goethe. Lake Geneva, Wis. – August 13-20- papers beginning a month ahead Summer School of Missions. Pres., of February 9, 1940, which is Let us strive toward a greater Mrs. W. P. Topping, 406 Center the first Friday in Lent next interdenominational cooperation Street, Elgin, Illinois. year. If you have something in all summer schools and con- good used in your own newsferences. The Council of Women Chautauqua, N. Y.-August 19-25- paper, do send it to us at headfor Home Missions and the For- Institute of World Missions. Miss quarters to share with others, eign Missions Conference are B. Louise Woodford, 930 23rd Ave- for much of our mail asks: eager to help foster this coopera- nue, North, St. Petersburg, Fla. "What shall we say and how tion and may be called upon for suggestions. Many conferences SEPTEMBER shall we say it?" Bradford, take an offering each year for Pennsylvania, mailed us an asthe two home and the two for- Warren. Ohio-September 5-6-School tonishing and glorious reproduceign projects. Let us all support of Missions. Mrs. George Konold, tion of our small blue "Call to these four projects – Migrants, 314 Scott Street, N. E., Warren, Prayer," enlarged to cover one United States G () v ern men t Ohio. entire huge page – including Schools for Indians, Christian Durer's "Praying Hands," all Literature, Union Christian Col- Minnesota (Minneapolis-St. Paul)- the prayer items, the poem, and leges in the Orient-by gifts as September 18-22 – School of Mis- the interdenominational commitis our custom on the World Day sions. Pres., Mrs. C. E. Heard, tees of church women sponsorof Prayer. 3020 Colfax Avenue, Minneapolis, ing it, with a significant line, Minn. reading: "This is not a paid ad- Let us include a summer con- vertisement." So somebody was ference in our vacation. Dallas, Texas – September 25-29- amazingly wide-awake to the School of Missions. Mrs. Mitchell challenging uses of creative pub- Conferences and Schools Langdon. Hutchins, Texas. licity! of Missions Houston, Texas – September 25-29- 4. The New Radio Sub-Com- Affiliated with the Council of Women Leadershin Training School. Dean: mittee will put into the handbook for Home Missions and t "e Com- Mrs. A. B. Haynes, 618 Highland several sample radio programs mittee on Women's Work,For- Avenue, Houston, Texas. of warm and reverent beauty for eign Missions Conference use on a local radio. It is none The World Day of Prayer too soon now to secure "time" DATES AND CHAIRMEN, 1939 for this local broadcast next It is the hope of the Commit- February 9. JUNE tee for the World Day of Prayer that each city has already called In case you have any splendid Winona Lake, Ind.-June 17-24-Sum- together its Day of Prayer lead- ideas to share with your World mer School of Missions. Miss Min- ers to garner their beautiful Day of Prayer Committee, please nie M. Rumsey, 685 Northmoor items, to list all unfulfilled send them to the Chairman, Miss Road, Lake Forest, Illinois. dreams, and plan to make these Margaret Applegarth. Room 63, come true in 1940. Boulder, Colo. – June 25-July 1 – 297 Fourth Avenue, New York. School of Missions. Pres., Mrs. To make all of us conscious of Henry F. Hoffman, 741 Adams the larger values at our com- A Letter from Kinston, Street, Denver, Colorado. mand, the World Day of Prayer North Carolina Committee has set up four sub- Eagles Mere, Pa.-June 2d-.Tuly 1- committees to concentrate on "Yesterday I served on an interde- Interdenominational Confer('nce of preparing sample suggestions to nominational committee to plan for Missions. Mrs. Earl B. Breeding, be gathered into a handbook, for the observance of the World Day of Palmer Avenue and Vernon Road, Fall publication. Prayer. It was most encouraging. Scarsdale, N. Y. We plan to have a program in each of 1. The Program Sub-Commit- the public schools at the chapel period Mount Herman, Calif.-June 24-July tee will have as its duty the prep- and to help the Negroes with materials 1 – Federate School of Missions. aration of three new programs- and plans for observing the day. Mrs. Grace C. Makinson, 201 Ridge- one for children, one for young way Avenue, Oakland, Calif. people, one for women; the lat- "Last year we had a most impres- ter to use the "findings" of the sive service in our church. This year JULY recent Madras Conference, so we will all meet in the Christian that all of us may share in the Northfield, Mass.-July 3-10-Mission- impetus· of new goals for our Church." ary Conference. Miss Edna M. Christian living. Springhorn, 19 Wayside Lane, Scarsdale, N. Y. 2. The Promotion Sub-Com- mittee will put into this hand- Bethesda, Ohio-July 10-14-School of book not only an ideal set-up for Missions. Dean: Mrs. John Se- a local Day of Prayer observance (so that all the innate richness

come to. believe that "might with the remark: "Please in-

makes right" because the in- form owners in America that The Future of Christianity vaders seem to get what they their property will receive good want without much effort. care." The writer of the article World Call asked a number Oof Where is justice, they ask, and describes the kind of care it is Christian workers in China to what is truth? Evangelists who receiving. "Its dormitories have give their reaction to the present stress the future life have con- been used to house troops, alsituation and the outlook for siderable influence on this group. though Japanese property near Christianity in that harassed by is unmolested. These troops land. Briefly, here are some of The other group argues that cook their meals by burning furthe replies: it is more important to struggle niture from the Woman's Build- in this life than to seek immor- ing. Its thirty-year-old trees "Though distressed, Chinese Chris- tality in the next; that it is use- have been cut down over our protians do not believe that God has for- less to speculate over anything test. University safes have been saken them, or that His purposes have so remote. Face the world, chal- rifled, although we informed the been defeated." – J. H. McCallum, lenge it, change it, say they; but Japanese that these safes con- Nanking. the tendency is away from reli- tained nothing but University gion. A number of this group record.s. At least one small *** were once Christian, but now building has been torn down. "Youth are interested in the Chris- they are uncertain as to just Efforts to remove the library tian message as never before. They what to believe. They are say- and laboratory equipment have are rethinking the meaning of life."- ing if Christianity has no effec- failed. Katherine Schutze, Nanking. tive solution for the ills of this chaotic age, sooner or later it Innumerable holes have been *** will disappear. cut in the long fences, and sneak thieves snag typewriters and "Every opportunity for worship, The Association Pre s s of microscopes at will. It is obvious Bible study or service is met with China has published a set of fifty that the local military want this radiant spontaneity. Said one young books and three sets of pam- property after the war is over, man: 'Our lives must be representa- phlets that will be of value to all and are doing all this to depretions of Him. What else should we be these inquiring minds. The view ciate its value, so that it can be about these days?' "-Edna W. Gish, expressed by a Central China bought at a fraction of its worth. Nanking. University student shows how It is valued at $2,000,000, is 100 obvious and how urgent is the per cent American property and *** need for guidance. This student is so registered with the United who was a Christian with a States Government. "The Bible teaches that Jesus came sound religious background said to bring life and liberty. Although he was weary of abstruse books "Near to the Heart of God" our suffering is unspeakable, still our on religion, as most of them canspirit is unbroken."-Pastor Lee Cho- not be understood; nevertheless, Dr. Frank W. Price, of Nanwu, Wuhu. if he could find a good one he king Theological Seminary, gave would study it diligently to see students of Cornell University a *** if there is any alternative to glimpse of China that is refresh- Christianity, and if so, how it ing: "The Church has found real roots could help solve their problems. in the lives of the people, and favor Rural churches in China are feeling with the Government. To us, it seems University of Shanghai their way to new forms of worship. the future of Christianity for the Chi- I have never felt so near to God as in nese has never been brighter."-Daisy An article in the Religious some little village chapel near the B. Slater, Nanking. Herald of Richmond, Va., clari- fields. A cross on a table, a few scrolls fies the situation in regard to the on the wall, some backless benches, *** University of Shanghai, still in but it all belongs to the people and to the hands of the Japanese Army, God. Songs, not merely translations "The Church is the only decent despite repeated promises to re- of our Western hymns but more and thing we have left from our past."- store it to the Baptist Mission. more Christian verse set to Chinese An Educated Chinese. One of these promises ended music, throbbing with the pain and joy, the longing and hopes of country What Students Are Thinking [261 ] life, and rich in rural imagery. I A contributor to the Chinese Recorder points out that the present time is a critical one for students; and divides them into two groups with regard to their attitude toward Christianity. One group is pessimistic. They have been seriously affected by the horrors of war i they have

think of the line in one hymn, "He is Ohristian Oolleges are too small to hold the people, the spring wind and I am the grass; and in some places it is neceslet him blow"; and of that hymn with The most recent reports tell sary to hold parallel meetings. an old ballad tune which Christian us that there are at present over Progress on the East coast is farmers in many parts of China now 6,000 students in all the Chris- constant. sing as they go to their work: tian Colleges in China. This is "Wearing our straw hats and carry- 2,000 more than the previous -Sunday School Times. ing our hoes, we go to our fields, year, and only 1,000 less than praising the Lord." In Shantung and the record of peace days. This JAPAN AND CHOSEN other provinces village Christians are condition is due to the tenacity singing whole sections and chapters of students and staff in the face Economy Must Be Observed of the Bible to old tunes that have of hardship and danger. All the come down through the centuries. To Christian Colleges are still in Orders have been sent from hear the twenty-third Psalm thus existence, although only two are Prefectural Headquarters to all chanted by a country congregation is conducting all their work on religious organizations t hat to be moved to tears. their own campus-West China economy must be pra.cticed in Union University and Yenching the following ways: erect no On Easter of last year I was with University in Peiping. Cheeloo more buildings than are abso- Frank Brown of Suchowfu in one of University carries on sections of lutely necessary; do not use gold the rural churches of his missionary its work on its campus in Shan- in ornaments and decorations; field. The Christians streamed in tung, but the Medical School and do not use gold thread, and limit from the villages and filled the little Science Department have moved as far as possible the use of iron, chapel to overflowing, so that we met to West China. lead and copper; contribute in the yard outside. Each came with waste products to the governa wild flower in his hand and greeted U. S. Property Returned ment; carry on festivals economhis fellow-Christians, "Ye-su fuh-ho ically; do not have elaborate liao, Jesus is risen!" More and more On March 9, Japanese mili- funerals and marriages; curtail the rural churches of China are giv- tary forces, after many months the holding of feasts and the giving the festival the place it deserves, of occupancy, returned Soochow ing of presents; for publicathe church festival and the Christian- University to its Southern Meth- tions, use a poorer grade of ized native festival. odist owners. The Japanese au- paper. thorities also informed the Service for the Wounded United States Government that Suggestions for work that they were returning the South- Christian churches may carry The "Christian Service Coun- ern Presbyterian School and on are indicated in a program cil for Wounded Soldiers in Mission property at Kashing in announced by the Nat i .0 n a l Transit" enlarged its program Chekiang Province, and the Christian Council: (1) In Jain January this year, the nine- Southern Methodist School at pan; comfort for the wounded teenth month of China's resist- Huchow in the near future. and memorial services for the ance to aggression. Headquar- Members of the Soochow Uni- dead. (2) In China. Cooperaters of the Council have been versity staff have returned to tion with comfort agencies in removed to Chungking, provi- start repair work, and resume China and training workers for sional capital, and soon after- work at the institution. evangelism. (3) InternationaL ward eleven service units were Cooperation wit h Christian established along the various -New York Times. agencies in other lands in corhighways, railways, waterways recting mistaken views of J aor other lines of communication The Tide Rising pan's policies, and contacting inthroughout the provinces of dividuals with letters and pam- Shensi, Hupeh, Hunan, Kwangsi From French Indo-China it is phlets. (4) Distribution of the and Kwangtung. Workers wait reported that revivals are Bible and publication of pamupon wounded soldiers at the spreading. The Mois are assem- phlets. on the "emergency." various stations, serve them food bling at almost any hour of the and drink, dress their wounds, day or night for testimony, Kagawa's "Ten Points" write letters for them and ren- praise and prayer. These simpleder all help needed by the war- minded children of the jungle In one address, Kagawa has afflicted men. have met God, know their sins given five points of achievement are forgiven, and are filled with of Christianity in Japanese life. During the past year, the joy. Annamese Christians have They are: personal piety, purity, Christian Service Council had been touched also through a Chi- respect for labor, the spirit of under its direct employ only nese evangelist, and their lives peace and the spirit of social about 100 workers, drawn from have been completely changed. service. As for peace, he says the various Christian churches, that while the Japanese people schools and hospitals in differ- Changes are coming about in have never particularly abhorred ent centers throughout the coun- Sumatra also, and Mohammedan war, they are calling the present try. This foundation group drew influence is on the wane. The war a "war for peace." This into their respective folds of Batak Christians now number idea can be traced to Christianservice a total of 2,000 men. A 400,000, and 28,000 were bap- ity; that is, it is a step in adtotal of 460,754 wounded soldiers tized last year. The churches were assisted during the past year. Generalissimo Chi a n g Kai-shek has expressed his appreciation for the invaluable service thus rendered.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

vance that they must find an ex- Government officials h a v e jian schools, both in the number cuse for war. of pupils and the quality of work been friendly; a preaching per- done. Most significant of all is the changed attitude toward In a different address he mit for any place at any time Christianity among all the peopointed out five mistakes in mis- was readily secured; but the ple of the Islands. No longer sionary work: too much de- priests had warned the people are expressions of contempt pendence on Japanese workers; that the Protestant devils had heard when a Christian passes failure to read Japanese news- horns, and were evil people. by; opposition is being suppapers; unfamiliarity with good This aroused great curiosity, planted by admiration. Whereas Japanese books; too little min- especially among the children. religion is fighting for its life in gling with Japanese people and As the evangelists approached, so many countries, in Fiji there not growing with the Japanese. however, most people would dis- are signs of a rising tide of re- The Church of Christ will take appear within and bar their vival. time, he says; maybe four hun- doors, but their windows re- mained open, so the workers Clothes for Pitcairn Islanders dred years. would stand on the street and An amateur radio in the home -Japan Christian Quar- preach in a loud voice, knowing of Mrs. Dorothy Hall of Long terly. there were many listening ears. Island, New York, is practically the only contact that the 215 A few of the bolder inquirers Pitcairn Islanders have with the outside world. Ships that hap- "Combating Superstition" came to the evangelist's home in pen to be in that latitude call in- in Formosa frequently, but no closer than day time, but most of them five miles because of the shoals. Islanders must row out to meet The rigorous "Nipponizing" sneaked in at the back door by them. Since Mrs. Hall made campaign under way in Formosa night. At one time the workers public an appeal for supplies and . were speaking to a crowd when medic-ine last July, as all the includes the elimination of the world knows, she has been in Chinese language, even from a woman with eyes tightly closed constant touch with the island, primary schools; all teachers are for fear of seeing something, and the descendants of the required to have a command of came groping through the crowd Bounty mutineers look upon her the Japanese language, which in search of her son who, she as their agent and savior. When- knew, was listening. Still an- ever supplies run short, or demeans that Formosan teachers other day, during a street corner sires are expressed, they appeal are replaced by Japanese. Jap- to Mrs. Hall by radio to make service, an old woman ran out of the purchase and expedite the anese must also be th!Ol spoken her house with a bolo, ready to shipment, thus saving many prelanguage in homes, and the knife the preacher. She was re- cious weeks; otherwise, they strained, but the meeting broke must wait for a ship to call and police check up as to whether up. take the order. A recent request this is being done; also, whether was for a white shirt to wear to church; and something to use families have replaced the old It is encouraging that teach- as a substitute for tea and coffee, since the islanders will not drink Chinese gods with Shinto deities ersand school principals have either for religious reasons. -this, to do away with "superstition"! Compliance with these open minds, and are anxious for Honolulu Again a Foreign requirements assures the head of Field the family a preference in get- students to have the New Tes- On recommendation of the' tament. -The Message. Finance Department of the Epis- copal National Council, Honolulu ting a local job, or success in his The Fijians Today has been restored to its former business; and conversely, with- status as a foreign mission field; and Bishop Littell of Honolulu out such compliance it is impos- The Governor, Sir Harry has been given discretionary sible to find a job, or carryon Luke, was in attendance at the power to allocate appropriations business. Fijian Synod last fall, and was for this field. Since 1935, Hono- lulu had been considered a do- presented a whale's tooth by the mestic missionary field.

ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC Fijians as a mark of their re- -The Living Church.

Victories in, Batanes Islands gard. The Governor told them that, as a fellow-Christian, he Up to 1937 there had never rejoiced in the evidences of what been a Protestant worker in the Christianity has done for Fiji Batanes Islands, in the extreme and the Fijians.

north of the Philippines. Two The Synod celebrated the 25th Baptist missionaries, Dr. and anniversary of Baker Hall, built Mrs. Culley, were the first to go, in memory of Rev. Thomas and left two Filipino evangelists Baker and seven Fijian Christo establish a permanent work. tians who were killed and eaten A total of 2'15 conversions are in 1867. The building contains noted in the latest report, and 12,000 stones, a fact which sugtwo young men from Batanes gested the text for the occasion: are studying at Manila Evan- "Ye also as living stones are gelistic Institute, in preparation built into a spiritual temple."

for returning to their province Educational progress has been as evangelists. marked in both Indian and Fi-

NORTH AMERIOA The Bible Goes to School the land, for the most part un- molested. Those five Indian Another Unfinished Task Gideon Bibles are going to chiefs and army officials met and Although the Christian forces school. Inspired by Canada's of the United States have been negotiated at the junction of the attempting for more than 300 three years of placing Bibles in years to evangelize the North Trinity and vKelraymsaptoht Rt hi vaet ras~aInnd- American Indians, only about the schools, the Gideons of it is on this half of the 350,000 profess to be either Catholics or Protestants· America adopted as their na- dian Presbyterian Church has while the other half are stili pagan. Sectarian divisions are tional objective ilnastthyeeanr~t"ioTnh'es been built, near the old Indian no doubt partly responsible; an- nation's Book other factor has been the enor- rancheria known as Weitchpec. mity o~ the task ?f evangelizing schools for the boys and girls of the whIte populatIOn as it moved About ten years ago when the westward from the Atlantic to America." Denver, Colo., was the Pacific, obscuring the need Rev. Emil A. Schwab became for evangelizing the Indian. the first city to follow out this p~stor of the Presbyterian In- Now that there are no longer dIan Chureh at Hoopa, he saw 'an any frontiers in the United objective on a large scale, al- States, the Christianization of the Indian should receive more though other states rapidly fol- opportunity to extend Christian attention. Notable work has been done by the Episcopal lo~ed. Six hundred and fifty work among the Indians at Church among the Sioux in South Dakota, and by Baptists BIbles have been placed in 63 Weitchpec; whereupon, a Sunand Methodists in Oklahoma. schools in Denver: Several sub- day School was osregtanuizped~nda -Christian Observer. preaching station urban schools have been sup- Are Americans Being Duped? plied, making a total of 700 ac- through the years services have tually placed in schools, at the been maintained. Lseacsut ryede afr ~oamn appropriation was last report. Contributions have come mainly from Colorado Sun- the Board of National Missions day schools. Gideons themselves which made possible the erection visit Sunday schools and present' of a church building. It was dedi- the plan. cated November 16, 1938. An The fact that copies go only interesting part of the dedica- to rooms requesting one is as- tory service was the reading of surance that it will be used. an historical sketch of the Mis- sion by a grandson of one of the Teachers read passages for a ~ornin~ devotional, they study five Indian chiefs who had a It as hterature, they use it in part in the negotiations over the memory work, they use it as ref- land. erence material.

EpDisrc.oWpa. lRuCshseulrlcBh,owNie~wof Grace Realizing the general lack of Ohristianity and National York, knowledge of the Bible, the Gid- Wealth recently expressed astonishment eons are preparing a list of ref- erences adapted to students; and Speaking before 500 business at ~he number of apparently in- an outgrowth of this whole proj- and professional men at a Chi- cago Chamber of Commerce te~hgent persons who are being ect n?w follows in the forming me~ting, W. A. McIntyre, Sal- of BIble research clubs in the vatIOn Army Commissioner for mIsled by under-cover anti- schools. These are regular the central states, said that the school clubs, each sponsored by Army has contributed two bil- Semitism. Exaggerated state- lion dollars to the wealth of the a member. of the faculty, and United States by the reclamation ments are made that are cal- they pr:ovIde both Bible study of over 200,000 "down-and- and socIal contact for Christian outers." When a citizen is lost culated to arouse dislike of Jews young people. The study in to society through drunkenness, as many thousands are every by people who pose as intelligent these clubs covers a wide range of subjects, such as archeology, ~ear! ther~ is !l- monetary value defenders of the truth. These astronomy and other sciences in the light of the Bible. mevItable m hIS restoration. An people are unwitting tools of -So S. Times. propaganda by groups who are using anti-Semitism as an in- strument to establish here the same sort of fascist regime as is in power in Germany and Italy. Here is the technique: Divide the nation into groups: get New Hoopa Indian Ohurch economist estimates the average ~me. ~roup to hate another; fasten an It was eighty-seven years ago person is worth $10,000 to the last October that five Indian InVIdIOUS label on every one who chieftains, representing tribes in country. Mr. McIntyre says northern California, met a milifst~aeneddosmf(orfa~Armpelraiyca; n ideals of honor tary commission and entered in- that in his life time he has seen call every cham: to treaties with the United plOn of JustIce a communist and every States Government whereby cer- 200,000 human derelicts, with no tain tracts of land were deeded Jew a communist; call every labor to the Indians. These treaties future but sapisrliatbuailnlythaendmophrygsu.ie~ have never been ratified, but the recovered lead,er in the North and every or- Indians have continued to occupy ~amzer of the pitiful share-croppers cally through the ministry of the I!l the South an enemy to the estab- Salvation Army. This means a ~Ishc:d order; call every defender of Jus~lce for the Negro a traitor to contribution to soc i e t y of whIte supremacy – in short stir up $2,000,000,000.

enough antagonisms and you will The totals mount when one make democracy unworkable and the adds the results of other rescue stage will be set for a Hitler.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mISSIOns, and the ministry of stroyed. In all, the cash loss is friends with officials, and finally the churches. In commenting, approximately $10,000, but this gained permission to begin evanan editorial writer in the Watch- does not include loss of farm in- gelistic work. Although hunman-Examiner says that while come and that from damaged dreds of men crowded in to hear, one cannot approve of measur- buildings. when they were given their freeing the value of a life in dollars dom, they were soon back in and cents, this is nevertheless a ELMER E. GABBARD. prison for new crimes. Then language that business men the prison walls were made to understand; and that our eco- LATIN AMERICA ring with the warnings of God's nomic depression is in large part judgments on murder, theft, and the result of business leaders Student Pastor in Puerto Rico other forms of wickedness, toforgetting that Christianity pro- gether with the assurance of forduces far-reaching benefits to the The University of Puerto Rico giveness through Christ. Soon nation. is a growing institution. It has it was evident that "something" recently added several ne,w was happening. Tears flowed; Good and Evil Influences buildings, and its six depart- prisoners began to make a "clean ments have a faculty of 229, breast" of their sins and there A group of workers of St. with a total enrolment of nearly has been a mighty turning to Mark's Methodist Church in 5,000 students. For some time Christ in this prison. Many are New Orleans recently made a the evangelical churches of now reading the New Testament, survey of the French Quarter of Puerto Rico have hoped that an and some are genuinely conthat city, in which the church is evangelical pastor might be ap- verted. located, and report that this pointed to the University staff, a Quarter has about a dozen bad hope that has now been realized. A Nurse's Job in Guatemala influences to one good influence; Rev. Domingo Marrero, missionor, 285 bad influences and only ary in Santo Domingo for some Poverty, malnutrition and dis- 25 good ones. In the category years, a Methodist minister with ease underlie the picturesque of bad influences are 264 saloons excellent preparation, a fine beauty of Guatemala which touror beer parlors, six dance halls, speaker and strong in Christian ists admire. Miss Lucy Bestand fifteen gambling houses. education, was appointed to the wick, R.N., conducts a clinic in staff. He has already won the her home in Quezaltenango and Among the twenty-five good respect and affection of both stu- in the near-by villages. She has influences were eight churches, dents and faculty. learned to drive a car on roads eight schools, one park, two play- where a leeway of six inches begrounds, one library, one kinder- The Federation of Evangelical tween the car and precipice is garten, two health centers, and Churches of Puerto Rico re- considered ample, and where 72 two community centers. cently honored Mr. Marrero by hairpin turns in a distance of appointing him as executive sec- two miles make what Guate- -World Outlook. retary of the Committee of Re- malans call a good road. There ligious Education of that or- are regions, however, where the Flood at Buckhorn Mission ganization. nurse and her car cannot go- not because she fears the road The region around Buckhorn, Preaching to Prisoners but because there is no road; Kentucky, experienced the most then she takes her bag and disastrous flood in its history in F. J. Huegel, a missionary to climbs to whatever cornstalk hut January, and the waters did Mexico under the United Chris- may need her services. their worst on the premises of tian Missionary Society, has the Presbyterian Mission there. been a leader in prison work in Last summer typhus broke out The church was under eight feet Mexico. He writes in World Call and 87 died. Though it origof water. The Domestic Science of some of the difficulties. At inates in poverty and filth, the building, McKenzie Hall, Englis Xochimilco the Christian work- privileged class is struck down Home, the Geer Gymnasium and ers were told that if they would too. So Miss Bestwick set up an the store rooms were all flooded. teach the prisoners to read, and isolation hospital in a little evan- The water went into the second kill bed bugs, that would be more gelical chapel, where she and an story of the Domestic Science to the point than giving "a mes- Indian preacher who volunteered building and totally or partially sage of pretty words." Both to help, and twelve patients were destroyed all the weavings. Al- projects were undertaken on the left to fight it out. One patient most all the food supply that side, and the result was a group died; eleven got well. had been canned and dried and of Believers won after a year of placed in the new store room, preaching. Two years of preach- Colombian Christians built safe~ above the highest ing at Coyoacan had a similar water level 'known to the oldest result. Days in the s'addle, nights in citizens, was destroyed. a hammock, heat, insects, fatigue Mexican law forbids evan- are incidentals in an evangelistic The whole farm program of gelical activity in the federal trip over mountain trails in inthe school was disrupted, and prison, but when a young nurse terior Colombia, but these hardhope of returns from gardens, killed her lover and was put in poultry and dairy seem de- the prison, Mr. Huegel visited her. He took books, made

ships did not dim Mr. W. W. mosque in London, connected were granted religious liberty on Thomas' enthusiasm over the with the Ahmadiyya sect which February 17, 1848. Since that staunch qualities of Colombian is only about seventy years old. time, realizing that they must be Christians. Said he: "To use missionary, they have spread the your machete for chopping brush Hinduism has not formerly Gospel throughout Italy and toinstead of carving your neigh- favored proselyting but is now day they have churches, mission bor, to be a teetotaler, to be the conducting propaganda in Eu- stations and organized groups in husband of one wife, to read the rope and America, through their Italy, in Italian East Africa, in Bible and try to practice its swamis. Hindu publications are Uruguay and Argentina, and teaching – all these sound like issued in English and German North America. commonplace things to us; but as well as in Indian languages. they are not commonplace to the Many of the Hindu sects are Bible Study in France mountain villager in Colombia." closely related to Theosophy and some claim a considerable fol- As if tired of human theories, Mr. Thomas met a woman lowing of the yogi cults. French Protestants are drawing who told him she never used to closer to the Word, and forming know when her husband would A Waldensian Celebration Bible reading circles. Out of get home, because he simply this has come the formation of could not pass the cantina with- This year the Waldenses plan Bible study groups in a number out stopping to get drunk. "But to celebrate the 250th anniver- of churches. In one church an now," she said, "I still never sary of their "Glorious Return." entire afternoon was given over know when he'll be home, but After the revocation of the Edict to a detailed study of selected that's because he can't pass. any- of Nantes by Louis XIV of portions of the Bible. In another body on the trail without stop- France, the Waldenses in Italy place, sixty young people were ping to tell him what Christ has suffered greatly from ruthless seen bent over their Bibles in done for him, and urge the other persecutions. In 1687 the small meditation. Observations made man to become a Christian too." remnant were allowed to flee to by these young people, whose Switzerland and there they kept training and environment had -:-Monday Morning. alive their love for religious lib- given them no special aptitude erty and for their valleys in for Bible study, showed a grasp EUROPE Northern Italy. Two years later, of Scripture truth. in August, 1689, Pastor Henry Asiatic Missions in England Arnaud led about 600 men across -Sunday School Times. the Alps to the Waldensian Val- Rev. G. Francis S. Gray, a leys, where, against superior Religions of Central Europe missionary of the S. P. G., when forces of French and Italian on furlough, made an investiga- soldiers, they rewon their home- Practically every European tion of the activities of Bud- land. This "Glorious Return" creed may be found in Czechodhists, Moslems and Hindus in will be celebrated in Italy in slovakian territory. Here live England. He visited the head- August and the first week in Roman Catholics, Lutherans, quarters of the two main Bud- September. Calvinists, Jews, Roman Uniates, dhist organizations. One is the Old Catholics, Baptists, Metho- "Buddhist Lodge," which has The Western Section of the dists, ultra-patriotic Czechoslobeen in existence for about fif- World Alliance, which met in vak National Church, Greek Orteen years and was formerly a Pittsburgh, February 28-March thodox, Pietists, agnostics and branch of the Theosophical 1, adopted resolutions express- atheists. Presidents Masaryk Society. Its work is largely ing their congratulations to the and Benes were of the Hussite devoted to the translation of Waldensian Church, and calling tradition; the present premier Buddhist classics. The other this historic event to the atten- is a Roman prelate. Roman Buddhist Mission (also called Catholics embrace about two the British Maha Badhi) with tion of Protestant churches.* thirds of the population; less headquarters in London, is con- than a tenth are Protestant, the nected with Ceylon Buddhism The Waldenses are the oldest two ma,in subdivisions being and is more intent on propa- survlvmg evangelical church Lutherans and Calvinists. The ganda. It was founded in 1926 group in the West. Their his- Moravians, some of whom setby a Singalese but the monks torY is continuous from the tled in Bethlehem, Penna., total find it difficult to observe their twelfth century to the present about 8,000 in Czechoslovakia. religious rules in the climate of day. Their missionary efforts Congregationalists n u m b e r England. at one time covered most of Eu- 7,000, Methodists 8,000 and Bap- rope and their influence was tists perhaps 3,000 Smaller Islam in Epgland is repre- strong in the Latin, Germanic, American sects, such as Russellsented by two sects. There are and some Slavic lands. The ites, Pentecostals and Seventhonly two mosques but a number Waldenses helped prepare for Day Adventists are represented. of Moslem prayer houses, mainly the Protestant Reformation by There is also a group of some for Eastern M 0 s I ems. One sending missionaries and the 600,000 seceding Catholics who mosque at Woking is staffed by Bible throughout Europe. They resemble in their beliefs the Indians, graduates of Indian universities. There is another • Suitable music and other helps for the celebration of this anniversary may· be ob- tained from the American Waldenslan Aid Society, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Alnglicans of the time Qf Henry to its readers last December to. tiQn fQr the purpQse o.f spreading the VIII. kno.wledge amo.ng o.ther peo.ples., cQntribute to a fund to supply that they, to.o., might be made In the midst Qf cQnflicting ra- happy thro.ugh its ,blessings. cial claims Qf Czechs, SIQvaks, destitute Russians all o.ver the These charitable o.rganizatio.ns PQles, Ruthenians, Sudetens, WQrld with free Bibles. This send o.ut their educatio.nal mis- Magyars, Jews, Rumanians and met with pro.mpt and hearty re- siQns, supply them with mo.ney Gypsies, the religiQus aspect Qf SPo.nse on the part o.f Swedish and supPo.rt them in every way, the CzechQslQvakia prQblem have Christians, and in one month fo.r no. o.ther purpo.se but sincere been largely Qverlooked. This about $2,500 were sent to. the service fo.r humanity's sake and seems all the mQre remarkable o.ffice of the paper fo.r this pur- fQr the lessening Qf its afflictions. since this is the land Qf J Qhn pose. With this sum, 6,000 co.m- Wherever these missiQns have Hus, Qne of the fQunders Qf plete Russian Bibles can be sent, gQne, they have becQme angels PrQtestantism. and several societies are now Qf mercy and examples of per- busy distributing them amo.ng fect fulfilment of duty. "God. Seekers" in Yugoslavia Russians in the Baltic States, Po.land, Czecho.slovakia, Ruma- "If the noble feeling, that o.f The Watchman-Examiner re- nia, France, Brazil, Argentina sincere cQoperation among na- PQrts a new religiQus mQvement and Manchuria. tions, permeated the individuals that is sweeping over YugQ- of society and brotherhoo.d of slavia. More than 400 brQther- AFRICA love were spread among all, then hQQds have been Qrganized and all nations would be the memtens Qf thQusands Qf members Leaders for New Egypt bers of one family, and most huhave been enrQlled. TheyadvQ- man tro.ubles would be ended." cate a return to. the Qriginal In 1921 Wilbert Smith went primitive life of the evangelists., to Cairo. with a co.mmissio.n and -The Moslem World. free frQm the "burdens" of an idea. The co.mmissio.n was to. earthly PQssessiQns, and call start an Egyptian Y. M. C. A. Spiritual Progress in themselves "GQd-seekers.." Many Friends in America provided the Sudan thQusands are said to be giving $275,000 for a building, and away all their possessiQns and England and America provided C. M. S. missionaries tell of a j Qining this movement. five secretaries. But the idea remarkable spiritual movement was more difficult to put thro.ugh. in parts Qf the Upper Nile re- Galicians Eager for Gospel It was that the new Y. M. C. A. gion, with schools, hospitals and must be manned by Egyptians churches all flourishing. Mrs. Last year, in the Galician re- and stand o.n its o.wn feet. Now, K. G. Fraser writes in the Life giQn Qf pQland, wQrd was sent after 18 years, eight o.f the ten of Faith: Qut that an evangelical Christian secretaries are Egypitians and meeting WQuid be held in Qne Qf o.nly two. are Americans. The s c h 0 01 s and dispensaries the villages, and five thQusand throughout the country are packed perSQns responded by attending, The first Egyptian to. become with people, and on Sundays the SQme Qf whom had traveled 35 a Y secretary had been an ardent crowds are so great that they have miles. nationalist, and tho.ught the Y overflow meetings at every center. o.ught to. be destroyed, so he At Chief J ambo's there are over 1,000 This meeting was Qne Qf the j Qined it in Qrder to. bo.re fro.m people every Sunday morning. In addevelQpments. Qf the interna- within. Now he is more reSPo.n- dition to sixteen out-schools there are tiQnal Christian WQrk carried Qn sible than any other man for now ten preaching places, and quite with the help of the Central Bu- pro.ducing the yo.ung leaders 10,000 people hear the Gospel every reau for Relief o.f Evangelical both in bo.ys' and men's depart- Sunday. Several well-known witch Churches in Europe, begun ments who. are interpreting doctors have broken up their charms twelve years ago. The work in Y. M. C. A. ideals to. the youth and destroyed their entire parapher- Galicia no.w has 18 salaried pas- of the natio.n. Another of the nalia, and are attending services and tors, 75 grQUps of worshippers, eight is now studying in the New classes regularly. 40 organized churches, 3,020 York Schoo.l of Social WQrk, and recognized church members and plans to. return to. Egypt for spe- There are not enough beds for all 2'0 Sunday Schools. Of the 40 cial work in this field. the patients in the hospital at Lui, and Qrganized cQngregations, five as for schools, about 80 attend the meet in chapels. The remaining Honor to Mission Schools Girls' Classes, sixty the Women's 35, until they receive aid in School and over 200 pupils are in the erecting buildings conforming to. The Governor Qf Assiut PrQv- Boys' School. Sale of Gospels has the local law, meet in peasants' ince, Egypt, in addressing 2,000 gone up by leaps and bounds. In short, cottages consisting of one living at the co.mmencement exercises the increase in the Christian commuroom each. of Assiut College, said: "One of nity has far outstripped the resources the accepted human principles is in teachers and evangelists. It is re- Bibles for Russians that individuals coo.perate in ported that 11,000 Christians are in o.verco.ming difficulties, the the care of one African pastor, the A Swedish Christian paper, strQng helping the weak. Gro.ups nearest missionary being 80 miles Hemmets Van, issued an appeal Qf charitably inclined individ- away. uals have gQne ahead in civiliza- Nigeria Opens Its Doors The establishment of leper set- tlements by the Sudan Interior Mission, the Sudan United Mis- siQn and the C. M. S. in several

provinces of Nigeria has gained boys play football with bare menian and Syrian Evangelical the good will of the people to feet, harder than boots, and the Churches. The Bible Lands such a degree that missionary native band at the game dis- Union for Christian Education work is now possible in the for- courses "The Swanee Ribber" conducted a successful Sunday merly closed Moslem emirates of on instruments of bamboo joints. School Institute and the Arme- Kano, Katsina Zaria and Sokoto nian Christian Endeavor Socie- Provinces. The above named mis- It should be further noted that ties held a large and enthusiastic sions are caring for about 800 the white man's prestige is prac- conference whose results are belepers. With government assist- tically a thing of the past. In ing evidenced in various direcance the Brethren mission is car- the commercial world the su- tions. The British Syrian Mising for 500 lepers and the Dutch perior,educated native has dis- sion and Danish missionaries Reformed Church for 400 more. placed the inferior w hit e. also held a ten-day summer Natives are to be found in large school. In the Steps of Dan Crawford offices and banks, using compli- cated cash registers and type- The Near East School of The- Mr. Ernest Salisbury, mis- writers, and keeping their firm's ology, another union institution, sionary of the Brethren, last ledgers. Many of the captains graduated five students last year visited the district around of large transport steamers are year; two were women. Hospi- Luanza Mission, Elisabethville, natives, as are postmasters and tals of the American Mission in Belgian Congo, where Dan traders. Tripoli and Deir-ez-Zor, and that Crawford labored for so many of the Edinburgh Medical Misyears. He describes a confer- -Sunday School Times. sionary Society in Damascus are ence of native Christians, which all filled and several young began each day with a devotional WESTERN ASIA women have completed their message and prayer. This was training as qualified nurses. followed by a study of Paul's Religion in Turkey Epistle to Titus, presented in a -NearEast Christian Counhelpful manner. Gospel services There is a distinction between cil N eW8 Bulletin. were held in the evenings, and official and personal attitude toon the closing day four converts ward religion in Turkey. Offi- Two Bible Societies Combine were baptized. Nine persons in- cially, Turkey is completely secdicated their desire to become ular, but religion is respected The American Bible Society Christians. because it is ingrained in the life and the British and Foreign and thought of the people. Tur- Bible Society have combined Mr. Salisbury's tour of the key has not suppressed religion, their work in the Near East, Luanza district covered 350 but has separated religious and and have established headquarmiles, including a visit to the tin secular authority which were ters in Beirut. The American mines where thousands of na- formerly united in the Sultan. Press is the chief publishing tives are employed. At the In thousands of mosques and in agency for the Society. During hospital no fewer than 200 pa- hundreds of churches and syna- one recent four-month period, tients are treated daily. Bibles gogues worship goes on unhin- 40,000 Bibles and portions were had been given to a number who dered. Four evangelical churches shipped out, most of them to the had shown their keenness in in Istanbul hold services as Port Said depository. In addievangelistic work, while two na- usual. tion to Bibles, the Press prints tives had been sent as colpor- textbooks and other publications. teurs to villages near the mines. No religious training for chil- A monthly magazine issued by A three-room house has been dren is permitted, except at the Press goes to North and erected for untainted children of home, but there is a good oppor- South America, as well as to leper parents.-The Christian. tunity for mission Sun day Asiatic and European countries. schools. Schools have been sec- Palestine, Iran and other Arabic- Changes in Nyasaland ularized and mosque schools speaking countries are good cus- suppressed. Early morning call tomers for literature. These are suggested by the re- to prayer has been discontinued; cent dedication of a memorial Sunday is now a legal holiday Results Among Moslems window in the mission church instead of the Mohammedan Friat Ekwendeni, representing Luke day. The sale of Christian lit- It is sometimes said that a and commemorating the minis- erature is limited by censorship. hundred years of effort to contry of Dr. Walter A. ElmsIie; vert Moslems have not produced the singing of Ngoni songs with Progress in Syria results. A report of the Near Christian words, and Scottish East Christian Council, while psalms as well. Tales of sav- This country, too, has its prob- admitting that the number of agery are all but incomprehen- lems, but mission schools report converts is not large, calls attensible to Ngoni young people of advance. Aleppo College has tion to the incalculable change today, who are happier by far erected new buildings and over that Christian thought and than their forefathers. There 275 have enrolled. This School ideals have wrought upon Islam. are slave raiders no longer. The is a united undertaking of the The reports reminds that it is American Presbyterian Mission, not required of stewards that the American Board and the Ar-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

they be successful, but that they Indian Communal Groups Dr. John McKenzie, Principal of must be "faithful." Wilson College, was elected Mod- Recently, the Near East Chris- The National Missionary So- erator, an appointment for three ciety of India has now eleven years. tian Council has been looking fields in India. The work is carinto the reasons for the lack of ried on in association with neigh- Communicant membership of definite results. The inquiry boring missions, and comprises the United Church of Northern has centered around two ques- district work, hospitals, an ash- India stands at present at 77,000, tions : (1) "What special hin- ram and a college. Thus, the all- while the adherents. number well drances make work for Moslems India society has extended its over 200,000. The India Mission less successful than similar ef- work into almost every branch of the Lutheran, and of the Reforts for other people?" and (2) of the Christian missionary en- formed Church in America, were "What changes in methods or terprise. The Poona and Indian incorporated with the United line of approach offer hope of Village Mission, in its last re- Church of North India, after better success?" The two hin- port, faces up to the results of nearly six years of negotiating. drances stand out: Christian itswork. It describes its bapteaching does not mean the same tized converts for the last five Another action taken by the to the Moslem as to the Chris- years as numbering eight. The Assembly had to do with a protian ; and to the Moslem a change churches, which meet almost en- posed foreign mission project. of religion involves a change of tirely in compounds, consist of Definite plans submitted by the group connection and loyalty. Christians entirely dependent Foreign Missions Committee on the mission. There cannot be were approved by the Assembly, The best way to overcome in the whole area more than and the Church will now be these hindrances is first: more fifty-five Christians not depend- asked to support its own mission devotion, more prayer, more ef- ent on the mission; some of the in East Africa. Almost all the fort, more faith, more love; and latter are not in regular attend- Church Councils are supporting second, a way must be found ance, and the names of others are home missions within their own around the obstacles, so as to not even on the church rolls. bounds. avoid a frontal attack on the There are altogether in touch Moslem position. This requires with the mission about one hun- -Presbyterian Register. a sympathetic understanding of dred and sixty individuals. the Moslem mind. Efforts should Growth in Elementary Schools center about making J e sus It should be remembered that Christ known as a personality, India moves in com m una I One of the changes of the last rather than on doctrinal discus- groups, and that work for indi- decade has been the phenomenal sion. New converts should be viduals often causes a deadlock. increase in the number of chilled to develop such a sympathetic One missionary relates his ex- dren going to school; indeed, relationship with their neigh- periences in Hyderabad State, there has been a marked advance bors that a spiritual fellowship where he had refused to baptize in all stages of school training; will follow. individual converts until they but according to the Minister of had made every effort to win Education in Lahore, what is -American Mission Report. their relatives and friends. On now needed is not so much quan- one occasion he took a number titative expansion as consolida- INDIA, BURMA, SIAM of these unbaptized converts tion of what· has been under- with him, and they visited in a taken. He would like to see the Hunger for the Gospel team the relations and friends of system of education in schools to each throughout the district, be based on community work- A convincing evidence of In- with the result that in a few more on actual observation of dia's hunger for the Gospel is months one thousand were under things and facts and nature found in the statement of an preparation for baptism. study than on mere cramming English Methodist missionary in and the reading of officially prethe Deccan. He says that in his -Australian Missionary scribed textbooks. thirty-eight years of missionary Review. service he has never yet gone to Not in costly buildings, but in a village for evangelistic work United Church of North India thatched houses, if need be, he without being called to it by the would have students trained in people thems.elves. During the A successful General Assem- simple living and high thinking; past three or four decades the bly of the United Church of with more attention given to dedemand for copies of the Chris- North India was held early this velopment of mind and chartian Scriptures has far exceeded year in Bombay. From nineteen the supply. Similar conditions acter. -Agricultural Mission Notes.

exist among the Bhils of West- Church Councils, or Presby- A Note on Prohibition . ern Central India. During the teries, covering an area from past three years the North India the Northern Panjab to Assam, The following observation on United Church has baptized Rajputana and Central India, the prohibition campaign is en- thirty thousand from among some 100 delegates gathered. lightening. A correspondent of Some delegates traveled more the Daily Times of India who these primitive peoples.

-Dnyanodaya. than 3,000 miles to be present. has been investigating economic

conditions on behalf of the Bom- these versions is told by Rev. than 1,000 consecutive cases bay Industrial Survey Commit- J. M. S. Hooper in his recently there has not been the loss of tee, made a special study of the published book, "The Bible in any mother. With the medical effects of the "No Drink Cam- India." care has gone the presentation of paign" on the lives of some fish- the Gospel of Christ. ermen. Here is his report: Baptist Union a Reality Bangkok is a difficult field for About 42 fishermen of Kumta were The Baptist Union of India, evangelistic work. In the hustle working in cooperation and owned a Burma and Ceylon is an accom- of such a city, it is difficult to rampan (big net). As was their cus- plished fact. The tentative or- make lasting contacts. A good tom, before going on work with the ganization was set up at Bala- time to present the Gospel is durrampan and after coming from it they sore in February, 1936, a con~ ing the first few days following used to take toddy, all sitting in a stitution was agreed upon and a the birth of a child. To many it circle. Apart from this each of them panel of officers elected. Seven~ is the beginning of plans for also invariably had his bottle or two teen of the various Baptist family life and the home. To in the evening. Excluding this quan- groups ratified the constitution. others it is added responsibility, tity taken on individual account, I An inaugural session of the as well as greater joy to be found that the 42 fishermen spent, be- Union has recently been held, shared. A sympathetic interest, tween November 1937 and February and a president has been elected. with Christ-like care and atten- 1938, Rs. 800 on drinks. In short, Words of greeting from Karens, tion, are bringing results. what was happening was that the in- Burmans, Telugus, Panjabis, come of the male members was being Bengalis, Assamese and head -Siam Outlook. spent on drinks, and it was the woman hunters were a demonstration of who was supporting the family with the power of the Gospel. The Siam – Land of the Free her slender earnings. All this is central theme placed before the changed now. About 90 per cent of delegates at this first session The Siamese have maintained these fishermen are not drinking to- was "All one body in Christ." their independence for the past day. A small number of them have 600 years. Their ancient name freed themselves from debt and have -Baptist Missionary for themselves is thai, free. Just opened accounts with the post offices. Review. now, in this totalitarian age, They have also given up their set no- they are experimenting with a tion that fishing is impossible without Buddhist Missionaries constitution and representative toddy. Small artisans outside the from Siam government. "dry" area want prohibition in their areas too. But the real contribution The Siam Chronicle reports Siam is surrounded by broadof the experiment is seen in the eyes that a group of Buddhist priests casting stations – at Singapore, of the womenfolk. are about to set out from Ceylon Batavia, Hongkong, Calcutta, so on a missionary tour. Starting that all the currents of world How the Bible Came to India from India, and going east thought sweep over her. Her through Burma, Siam, Ind~ political patterns are new, and The honor of giving India her China, China and Japan, they her leaders are young. It is sigfirst Bible belongs to German expect to take three years to go nificant that they take up their missionaries of the Lutheran around the world. In America responsibilities with a heritage Church, who went out in 1706. and Europe they will investigate of religious liberty, unhampered There have been Christians in conditions to see what advances by a racial inferiority complex, Travancore for 1,500 years-Ja- of the Buddhist religion can be less bound by tradition than cobites, converts of early Syrian made in those two areas. Also most Orientals, unafraid of new missions, but no attempt was there are many young men in ideas. All this constitutes a made to provide the Bible for the Ceylon studying, in preparation striking challenge to the Chrisconverts. The Church of Rome to go wherever there may be an tian missionary forces, since nohas been in India for 500 years, open door for the teaching of where else in the world is Budand has today nearly 8,000,000 Buddhism. dhism so well organized and members, but only recently has firmly established as in Siam. any translation of the Scriptures For Mothers and Babies Protestant work there is largely been done under the auspices of the responsibility of the Presbythis Church. While Bangkok has some fine terian Church. The task was hospitals with modern equip- faced at aconferenc·e in Feb- In 1857, the year of the Sepoy ment, they are not adequate to ruary, when a program of evan- Rebellion, the British and For- care for young mothers and new- gelism was outlined for the imeign Bible Society appointed a born babies. Fifteen years ago, mediate future. committee to prepare a union the Presbyterian Mission in version of the Bible. An earlier Siam assigned Miss J. Christen- For the past five years, the Tamil version, translated by Lu- sen to Bangkok, to work out young king Ananda Mahidol has therans, had served the purpose some plan for helping in this been studying in L a usa nne, of introducing the Book, al- great problem. Switzerland. In November he though it had many defects. The went to Bangkok to open the pr.inciple races of all India now Government approval of her newly-elected parliament and atpossess the whole Bible, trans- work has been given for, in more tend to various official duties. lated by men like William Carey and Henry Martyn with the help -Foreign Affairs Bulletin. of Indian scholars, and finally revised by committees of the Bible Societ.y. The story of all Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Studies in Popular Islam. By Samuel social worker, builder, truck ments, explicit and tacit. It can M. Zwemer. 8vo. 148 pp. $2.50. driver, preacher in three lan- Macmillan Co. New York. 1939. guages, Bible class teacher, and be expressed in words (verac- has trained a very efficient staff Forty years of study and ex- of native nurses. The frontis- ity) , or in actions such as fulperience has made Dr. Zwemer piece, showing a Burmese doctor an authority on this subject. As a and his wife and twenty-nine filment of contracts, and in missionary to Moslem lands, edi- nurses belonging to his Amertor of The Moslem World, the ican Baptist missionary hospital habits such as fidelity, loyalty, author of many books on Islam, at Namkham, Burma-where he wide travel and recently Pro- has been in charge for seventeen and dependability. A lie is an fessor of History of Religion and years-is most impressive. He Christian Missions at Princeton, is a graduate from Johns Hop- attempt to deceive without conhe has gathered an immense kins University and a fourth amount of information. Above generation missionary, the great- sent. It may not succeed; yet if all he writes with sympathy for grandson of Rev. J. H. Vincent, the good points in Islam, but a pioneer missionary to Burma. it tries to deceive it is a lie from with understanding and convic- Mrs. Seagrave is evidently a tion as to the supremacy of wonderful partner in service. the moment that it crosses the Christ and His Gospel. If you would like to know how liar's lips.." Xes and it may start This volume takes up the use a ,good pioneer missionary doctor of the Moslem prayer beads, the "wastes" his time, of his adven- farther back than the lips. Ka'aba at Mecca, the sword of tures on the road, of the way he Islam, their calendar with feasts "holds the fort" against attack- Dr. Cabot's great book is in and fasts, traditions, supersti- ing tribes from China; if you are tion, sorcery and charms; the interested in amusing incidents, three parts: I-Definitions; 11- Koran and its translations, the tragedies, near tragedies and prophet and the worship of triumphs – physical and spir- Selected Problems in Honesty Adam. Here is an excellent but itual-we recommend this book. brief description of faith and It is easy, fascinating reading and Dishonesty, and III-Phipractice in Moslem life. for young and old,for doctors and laymen. losophy of Honesty. It faces Tales of a Waste-Basket Surgeon. By Dr. Gordon S. Seagrave. 265 Honesty. By Richard Cabot. $2.50. honestly the problem of honesty pp. $1.50. Judson Press. Phil- 326 pp. The Macmillan Co. New adelphia. 1938. York. 1939. and tells the truth about lies.

In an informal, chatty way, This is clear ozone, purifying Here is solid foundation for Dr. Seagrave tells many inter- and penetrating. According to esting experiences of his life as Dr. Cabot's sound doctrine a lie character and human trust and a pioneer missionary doctor in is a lie and it is always wrong. North Burma. The "waste- He agrees with Dr. Henry Clay right relations between men and basket" does not indicate the Trumbull's position: "A Lie quality of his work but the des- Never Justifiable." Honesty and nations. R. E. SPEER. tination of his patients if no truth are obligations not to be skilled medical help had been tampered with, never to be com- Abraham to Allenby. By G. Fredavailable in their time of dire promised. There is no room here erick Owen. Illus. 8vo. 351 pp. need. As it was, he saved many for Dr. Joseph Collins' physi- $2.50. Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co. lives and won unbounded grati- cian's lie. Dr. Cabot is a physi- Grand Rapids, Mich. 1939. tude by this free and loving cian too,and he can find no place service. in a physician's pharmacoopia for Palestine and its history are a lie. And he has his clear defi- important and fascinating from Dr. Seagrave is a true pioneer nitions: "Honesty is the will and many points of view – political, among a primitive people. He the effort to keep one's agree- racial, archeological, geological, is not only physician and sur- cultural and religious. The augeon, but sanitary engineer, [271 ] thor of this large volume has de- voted twelve years to research in preparation for this important popular study. He spent some time with the American School of Oriental Research at Jeru- salem and his books of reference include one hundred contribu- tions to archeology, Biblical and secular history and kindred sub- jects. (He has, however, omitted many important volumes, such as those by Morton, George Adam Smith and George L. Rob- inson.) In popular and vivid narrative style Mr. Owen tells the story of God's call to Abraham to leave Dr of the Chaldees. He carries on the story of the history of Abraham and the children of It Will Be Daybreak Soon. By conflict in China is. not warfare Israel, through Egypt, the wil- Archibald Rutledge. 12mo. 129 pp. but wholesale massacre, rape derness wanderings., the period $1.25. Fleming H. Revel! Co. New and robbery. It is a horrible of the Judges, the Kings, the York. 1939. tale and would have been much exile, the Maccabean period, the worse but for the presence of time of Christ, on through the The American Negro is an in- courageous missionaries and apostolic days, the Arab con- teresting character, intensely hu- other foreigners. quest, the crusades, the rule of man, full of humor, a sense of the Turks up to the capture of God and a nearnes,s, to nature. By Life and By Death. Lessons from Jerusalem by the British under Mr. Rutledge was born in South the Diary of John C. Stam. By General Allenby. It is a check- Carolina in 1883 and is Poet E. Schuyler English. Illus. 12mo. ered history very briefly told, the Laureate of his native state. He 62 pp. 50 cents. Zondervan. Grand early portion following closely understands the Negro of the Rapids, Mich. 1939. the Biblical narrative. The story South and has written several is carefully annotated with copi- books of poetry and prose. In The Christian world knows ous reference notes to each 1932 he received the John Bur- the story of the martyrdom of chapter. roughs medal for "the best na- John and Betty Starn in China in ture writing" in America. This 1934. Their testimony is beau- Preaching-The Doctrines of Grace. volume pictures life on a South- tiful and powerful and abiding. Compiled by Roland G. Leavell. 8vo. ern plantation and reveals the Here are striking extracts from 150 pp. $1.00. Boardman Press. fine character and native ability John Starn's diary written dur- Nashville. 1939. of the old-time Negro. His ing the last three years of his sketches reminds one of some of life. Mr. English has drawn les- Present-day interest in evan- the best features of books on the sons from his courage, his faith, gelism has led the 'Superintend- Negro by Thomas Nelson Page his love and experience. It is ent of Evangelism of the South- and Booker T. Washington. stimulating to faith and sacriern Baptist Convention to collect ficial living and is especially apsome "orthodox" and very help- Green Timber. By Esther Gerberd- pealing to youth. This makes a ful messages from fifteen evan- ing Hunt. 8vo. 220 pp. 75 cents. good companion volume to "The gelical Baptist preachers. They Board of Publication of the lJ nited Faith of John and Betty Stam" deal with such Christian doc- Lutheran Church in America. Phil- with the poems of Betty. trines as God, sin, forgiveness, adelphia. repentence, f a i t h, salvation, Welcome House. By Jessie E. Moore. sanctification and glorification. This is a prize-winning story Illus. 8vo. 95 pp. Friendship These are forceful, biblical, Gos- of Olaf, a young American-born Press. New York. 1939. pel sermons that will furnish Norseman, and Ebba Maj who material for much needed became his wife. He entered the American children – primary messages to congregations in Lutheran ministry and went into and juniors-will like this story churches at home and on the the "great timberland of the of six children whose parents are mission fields. Northwest, where they faced missionaries in Iran. How they difficulties and hardships to- came to America by automobile, The Lord Is Calling. By Oswald J. gether and grew into strong, train and boat, lived in America, Smith. 96 pp. 1 sh. well-seasoned timber." It is an went to church and school, interesting, wholesome story but played, made friends, helped The Work God Blesses. By Oswald without outstanding lit era r y other people, and celebrated J. Smith. 96 pp. 1 811,. Marshall, merit as to situations, plot or Christmas-all this is told in a Morgan and Scott. London. character delineation. loving, sympathetic way, show- ing what a Christian family can Dr. Smith has a large, evan- War Conduct of the Japanese. By be and do. gelical "Peoples Church" of over Shuhsi Hsu, Ph.D. Prepared under 2,000 members in Toronto. They the auspices of the Council of Inter- Canadian Journey. By H. P. Thompare a missionary-minded people national Affairs. Circulated by the son. Paper. 68 pp. S. P. G. Lonwho give $40,000 a year to mis- China Information Service, 945 don. 1939. sions – about two times as Pennsylvania Ave., N. W., Washmuch as they spend on them- ington, D. C. 1938. The Editorial Secretary of the selves. In each of these two Society for the Propagation of volumes we have a number of This 217-page book is an at- the Gospel in Foreign Parts tells the pastor's sermons – one vol- tempt to set forth in unre- of the conditions, the people and ume on Christian doctrines, like strained language the truth the work in Western Canada. It the Virgin Birth, the Resurrec- about Japanese, methods of war- is worth reading and raises hope tion and Salvation vs. Religion; fare in China-in the air, at sea for the Western Hemisphere the other volume on Christian and on land. The author has col': even though Europe should go to service with such topics as "The lected facts and shows how pieces. The prairies, the forests, Supreme Task of the Church," Japan has disregarded interna- the pioneers and the rich reand "Responsibilities of Stew- tional laws, treaties and prom- sources should be won for Christ ardship." They are spiritual, ises, and the rights of non-com- and developed with a knowledge practical, Biblical sermons. which batants. of the love and character of God have proved their effectiveness. and with whole-hearted alle- These records are largely gience to His authority. taken from the reports of the International Committee. The

A Oorrection Edward Rawlings was born at Tomorrow. Report of the Board

Powellton, Brunswick County, Vir- Home Missions, Congregational and Dr. Speer calls our attention to a ginia, on October 23, 1865, and was Christian Churches. 160 pp. New word that was incorrectly read in the graduated from Randolph-Macon Col- York. manuscript of his review of "Essen- lege in 1886. For seventeen years tial Christianity" which appeared on (1890 to 1907) he was a pastor, and The Work God Blesses. Oswald J. page 224 of the April issue. The first was presiding elder one year. He was Smith. 96 pp. 18. Marshall, Morsentence in the last paragraph should appointed Conference Missionary Sec- gan & Scott. London. r:ead: retary in 1908 and the following year was elected Educational Secretary of War Conduct of the Japanese. Shuhsi "Dr. Angus' emphasis on the duty the Board of Missions. For two years Hsu. 217 pp. China Information of Christlikeness, of obedience and (1916-18) he was Secretary of the Service. Washington, D. C. conformity to the Spirit of Christ, or Laymen's Missionary Movement and unselfishness and sacrifice and service in 1917 became Foreign Mission Sec- The Great Succession. Leaders of and love is all to the good, but his sub- retary of the Board. He traveled the Baptist Missionary Society durjective humanism is a swan song of a widely in the interest of missions and ing the Nineteenth Century. E. A. declining liberalism." in 1926 he was elected Secretary of Payne. 160 pp. 28. Garey Press. Education and Promotion and Editor London. Penonll Items of World Outlook. The Voice of the Church in China. (ConcZuded from pa,ge 225.) *** A collection of documents. Preface by Dom P.-C. Lou Tseng-Tsiang. sity Christian Mission, which is mak- Rev. Edmund W. McDowell, D.D., 120 pp. 38. 6d. Longmans. Lon- an honorably retired missionary of the don. ing plans for the academic year of Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., 1939-40. died in Fort Collins, Colorado, March K. T. Paul. Christian Leader. Reli- ••• 31. He was born in Altoona, Pa., gious Life of India Series. H. A. Rev. Robert M. Hopkins, D.D., March 13, 1857. Mter being gradu- Popley. 254 pp. Rs. 2.4. Y. M. ated from Wooster College, Ohio, and C. A. Press. Calcutta, India. LL.D., for the past ten years general from Western Theological Seminary, Allegheny, he and his wife sailed for Gorakhnath and the Kanphata Yogis. secretary of the World's Sunday Persia in 1887. Dr. McDowell gave George W. Briggs. Religious Life forty years of his life to service in of India Series. 380 pp. Rs. 4.8 School Association, has been elected Persia and Mesopotamia and was in- and 5.8, Y. M. C. A. Press, Calcutta, president of the United Christian Mis- strumental in developing mission work India; 8s. 6d., Oxford University in Urumia, organizing a chain of vil- Press, London. sionary Society with headquarters at lage schools and churches through the Indianapolis. Dr. Hopkins was born mountains all the way from Urumia Yesterday and Tomorrow in North- to Mosul. After the organization of ern Nigeria. Walter Miller. lUus. in Trenton, Kentucky, and has been the United Mission in Mesopotamia in 182 pp. 58. Student Christian engaged in religious educational work 1922, he was stationed at Mosul until Movement Press. London. he was honorably retired in 1928. One since 1900 when he became Sunday of his two sons, Philip C. McDowell, The Mahar Folk. A Study of Un- M.D., is now a member of the Pres- touchables in Maharastra. Alexschool evangelist for the Disciples of byterian Mission in Teheran, Iran. ander Robertson. Religious Life of India Series. Rs. 2 and 3, Y. M. Christ in Kentucky. In 1910 he be- New Books C. A. Press, Calcutta; 48. 6d., Oxcame Bible School Secretary of the ford University Press, London. . American Christian Missionary So- Abraham to Allenby. G. Frederick ciety, and ten years later was placed Owen. 351 pp. $2.50. Eerdman African Women. A Study of the Ibo Pub. Co. Grand Rapids. of Nigeria. Sylvia Leith-Ross. lUus. in charge of the Department of Reli- 367 pp. 158. Faber and Faber. The Art of Conducting Public W or- London. gious Education in the United Chris- ship. Albert W. Palmer. 211 pp. tian Missionary Society. He has done $2.50. Macmillan. New York. From My African Notebook. A. Schweitzer. Trans. by Mrs. C. E. B. a remarkable work in connection with Civilization. The Next Step. Delisle Russell. Illus. 132 pp. 58. Allen Burns. 291 pp. $2.75. W. W. Nor- & Unwin. London. the WorId's Sunday School Associa- ton. New York. tion. He attended the Glasgow Con- The Southern Bantu. L. Marquard Christian Faith in a Day of Crisis. and T. G. Standing. 262 pp. 78.6d. vention in 1924, visited Central and Charles S. MacFarland. 226 pp. Oxfoi'd University Press. London. $1.50. Revell. New York. South Mrica in the interests of Sun- Venezuela. Erna Ferguson. 346 pp. day school work in 1934, and was a Essential Christianity. Samuel An- $3.00. Knopf. New York. gus. 226 pp. $2.00. Macmillan. delegate to the recent Madras Confer- New York. Philippine Pagans. The Autobiog- raphies of Three Ifugaos. R. F. ence. Dr. Hopkins' successor in the Honesty. Richard C. Cabot. 326 pp. Barton. lUus. 271 pp. 15s. Rout- $2.50. Macmillan. New York. ' ledge. London. W. S. S. A. has not yet been elected. The Lord Is Calling. Oswald J. The Gospel in the World. A Restate- ••• Smith. 96 pp. 18. Marshall, Mor- ment of Missionary Principles. God- The Rev. C. E. Wilson, for thirty- gan & Scott. London. frey E. Phillips. 252 pp. 58. Duckfour years Secretary of the Baptist worth. London. Our Father. A Missionary Prayer. Missionary Society of London, has re- C. Mallam Johnston. 27 pp. 3d. World Community. William Paton. S. P. G. London. 192 pp. $1.50. Macmillan. New tired after notable service. He was York. for ten years a missionary in India Preaching. The Doctrines of Grace. Compiled by Roland G. Leavell. 150 The Church of the T'ang Dynasty. (1894 to 1904) and later, during his pp. $1.00. Boardman Press. Nash- John Foster. 168 pp. 48. S. P. ville. C. K. London. secretaryship, visited China, Jamaica, Those Gay Middle Ages. Frederick Bantu Heritage. H. P. Junod. lUus. Africa, India and other fields of the Kershner. 233 pp. $2. Willett 155 pp. 308. Hortors (For the society. Mr. Wilson has proved an Clark & Co. New York. Transvaal Chamber of Mines). Jo- hannesburg, South Mrica. able executive and a wise missionary A Testament of Faith. P. G. S. Hop- wood. 215 pp. $2.00. Macmillan. Re-Thinking Christianity in India. statesman. New York. Edited by D. M. Devasahayam and A. N. Sudarisanam. 267 pp. Rs. 2.8. Obituary Notes A. N. Sudarisanam, Madras, India.

(Concluded from Second Cover.) Living the Christian Faith. Edwin Ewart Aubrey. 118 pp. $1.50. Dr. E. H. Rawlings, Business Man- Macmillan. New York. ager and former Editor of World Outlook, died at his home in Nashville, This Busine-ss of Living. L. W. Gren- Tennessee, on March 17. He was the sted. 187 pp. $1.75. Macmillan. senior connectional secretary of the New York. Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and dean of missionary officers. His work for missions was more diversified than that of any other man and he had held many positions connected with the promotion and administration of missions in the Church.

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THE LIFE OF GEORGE BOWEN OF BOMBAY By ROBERT E. SPEER The biography of a remarkable missionary whom the (then) Prince of Wales visited in Bombay at the request of his mother, Queen Victoria.

What some readers say of this book: Robert Speer's "Life of George Bowen of Bombay" is one was so far-sighted and so deep-seeing!-the former because of the richest of missionary biographies. the latter. If one wants to sum up the interests of our DR. J. LoVBLL MURRAY, Director of the students today-Biblical, social, theological-Bowen is a Canadian School of Missions, Toronto. representative figure. And what a lesson in apparent failure!

What a life! He was old enough to know why he went, . . . I feel strongly that every student and alumnus of our Seminary needs this book. What better book to lead them to and bad enough to know the meaning of salvation. One by_ feed on the Bible. One hears so much "vestibule religion"- product of his. experience was his wonderful humility-noth- ing in the show window and himself in the remote back- men pointing to the door and taking their people as far as the ground. It is inspiring. threshold, but no opening up of the treasures within the G ' n . . P PI f f .1 r Father's House. Read the topics of current sermons, and .lJA. BORGJ! • BRSON, ormer" 0 Japan. Bowen's expositions are precisely what Christians need in order We must all be grateful for this revealing of the main- to grow from puerility into spiritual maturity. Here is no adolescent, but a man in Christ. This is no volume to be springs of Bowen's character, his abiding faith in God, his eamest purpose to be a true and faithful follower of Jesus read and dismissed, but to be marked and to be turned to Ptrist; and his deep-seated conviction that the Gospel of repeatedly. };!=~:ntS~Of "tJ:io;;o;:~7~ar~. Christ could meet the religious needs of India's people. J WILLIAM HAzEN, The Memoirs of George Bowen will continue to be for Missionary in ShoJapur, India. years to come a searching manual of devotion. He has set t.e.eItn.thbicoegnrtauprhyy. oIf coonueld 0nfotthpeutsatihnetlibeostokfigduorwesn.0 fTthheererui·snea- before me an ideal which few could attain; his life is a scathfascination and a depth in this man's soul which held me in ing rebuke to our ease, comfort, self-indulgence and ineE- devout attention. I found myself marking his moving sayings ficiency. J. Ross STBVENSON, which would serve ,as starting points for chapel talks. He President Emeritus, P,in.eton Semina".

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~"?; :"?~"?l :.:;a.~"?O)=O"(~~~O)=O"("?~~O)=O"('?~FJ READ THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor "THE MOSLEM WORLD is indispensable for all friends of foreign missions who wish to remain in touch with the rapid and kaleidoscopic changes among the two hundred and thirty-four millions of Moslems. There is at present no living person commanding such world-wide and intimate knowl- edge of the problems connected with the Moslem world as the editor-in-chief of this Quarterly."–lulius Richter,D.D., Professor of the Science of Missions, University of Berlin.

Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 15. Filth Avenue New York City Single Copies, SOc.; Annual Subscriptions, $2.00; In Combination with the REVIEW, $3.50 Missionary Equipment and Litera.ry Supply, London In Great Britain, Eight Shillings Net Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW Oil' TIlE "'~ORT,D in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY PERSONALS REVIEW OF THE WORLD (Concluded from second cover.) DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor DR. JAMES CANTINE, one of the found- CONTENTS-October, 1929 ers of the Arabian Mission of the Re- Puge formed Church in America and recently a missionary in Mesopotamia, has re- FRON'l'ISPIECE-Going Up to Jerusalem turned to America to undergo an opera- HAS CHRISTIANITY CHANGED tion from which, we are thankful to say, • . . . • . . . . . • . . . . . SAMUEL 11. ZWElUER 741 he is now recover•ing•. * 'fHE AIM OF CHRISTIANITY REV. JAMES B. RODGERS, D.D., of the ……………. EDWIN E. CALVERLEY 744 Presbyterian Mission in Manila, repre- THE WORLD MISSION OF CHRIS'l'IAN- sented the Philippine churches at the ITY ……………. JULIUS RICHTER 747 centenary celebration of Christian Mis- THE CHRISTIAN VIEW OF MISSIONS sions in Siam December last. Dr. and …………… . ,COURTENAY H. FENN 749 Mrs. Rodgers are now in America, and KA~IIL MANSUR OF CAIRO · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. E. ELDER 752 Dr. Rodgers is acting as a temporary 'fHE MISSION OF THE CHURCH secretary of the Presbyterian Board of ……………… ANNA A. MILLIGAN 753 Foreign Missions at 156 Fifth Ave., 'l'HE TRUE AND ABIDING BASIS OF *** FOREIGN ~IISSIONS New York.

· …………….. . ROBERT E. SPEER 755 THE REV. S. W. GENTLE-CACKETT, F.R.

ARE :lIISSIONS TOO PERMANENT? G.S., secretary of the Bible Lands Mis- ••.•• _. _ ••. _. _ .. _ .JOHN R. SCOTFORD 758 sions' Aid Society of London, is in Ameri- AFTER JERUSALEM WHAT? ca in connection with the twenty-fifth ……………….. WILl,lAM PATON 762 anniversary of the Society. He is seeking THE GOSPEL FOR A CHANGING to increase the income in order that the WORLD _……… ROBER" H. GLOVER 767 Society may give larger help to missions PRESENT CONDITIONS IN PALES'l'INE in the Near East. Among the special · ……………… , .. S. B, ROHOLD 771 objects is a campaig:n against tubercu- THE WILDER MEMORIAL IN INDIA 777 EDITORIALS …………………… 779 losis and blindness, and $25,000 to estab- The World Mi88ion 0/ Ohrist lish a Bible training school for native Is the lVork Completed? pastors in Bulgaria. Religiou8 Antagon'ism in RU88ia *** Crime ana the Cine'ma MRS. JOHN S. KENNEDY, the well be- ME'fHODR FOR WORKERS •••… EDITED BY !IRS. F. I. JOHNSON 783 loved benefactress of many missionary WOMAN'S HOME MISRION BULLETIN and philanthropic enterprises, has re- • •.. EDI,,ED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 791 ceived from New York University the WO~[AN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLE- honorary degree of Master of Humane TIN . . . . . . EDITED BY AMY G. LEWIS 794 Letters. This is in especial recognition WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK . _. _. . . . . . . . 797 of the generous gifts of her husband and BOOKS WORTH READING .. ' . . . . . . . . . 813 herself to the university, one of which TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of was to build the Cornelius Baker Hall of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. PubIislled monthly. Copyrighted, Philosophy, in memory of Mrs. Kennedy's 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO,,· father. .. .. >I< PANY, INC. All rights reserv~d DR. ROBERT LAWS, C.M.G., the veteran missionary of Livingstonia, has been hon- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING ored by the Government of Nyasaland COMPANY, INC. by having renamed for him Mount Nv- ROBERT E. SPEER, Prc8idettt amkhowa, the great mass of forest hill- ""lLLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-Pre8ident land which dominates the central station of Livingstonia, and which is in future DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary to be known as Mount Laws. The moun- WALTER McDouGAr,L, Treasurer tain rises to a heig-ht of 7,000 feet above the sea, and is within the mission estate. Publication Office, 3d & Reily St., Harrisburg, It looks across Lake Nyasa to the Liv- ingstone range of mountains, called after PRo 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. the famous missionary explorer. Dr. Editorial and BUN~~S~~~CC'il:6 ~ifth Avenue, Laws has recently been addressing con- ferences and churches in America. Entered as secorid-class matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March *• * 3, 1879. PRESIDENT SATO of Hokkaido Imperial University. a Methodist layman, was ele- vated to the Jananese Peerage on the occasion of the Mikado's enthronement.

*•* OBITUARY REV. "EORGE D. COWLES, missionary Rin~" 1893 under the American Board in Umzumbe, South Africa, died August 21st at Durban.

WILLIAM S. MARQUIS entered into

rest at his home in Montclair, New Jersey, on August 19th, after a prolonged A SURE INCOME illness. His seventy-six years of life were filled with rich spiritual service, for Your Older Days first as a pastor and later in connection with the Every Member Pl,an Committee andYouAid aGreatWork,Too of the Presbyterian Church. Recently he had devoted much of his time to in- (;YN ABSOLUTELY dependable intercessory prayer and to the promotion ~ come-that is what you get from Bible of the League for Intercessory Prayer, especially among retired ministers. He Annuity Bonds of the New York Bible is widely known and greatly beloved, Society. Twice a year the postman brings you and he will be held in sweet remem- a check, always for the same amount. And as brance. high as 9%, depending on your age. ABSO- LUTELY SAFE, no fluctuations. In addition, *** you contribute to the great Christian work of the Society in distributing Bibles-to the lonely MRS. JULIA BAKER SCHAUFFLER, the in hotels-to the sick in hospitals-to the forwidow of the late Dr. A. F. SchaufHer lorn in prisons-in raised type to the blind-in of New York, died on her eighty-sixth 67 languages to immigrants and sailors. birthday, August 23d, at Bar Harbor, the summer home of her sister, Mrs. Many Satisfied Bond Holders John S. Kennedy. Mrs. SchaufHer was deeply interested in missions. She had Without obligating yourself in the least, you traveled in the Near East and was very can find out all about this "Truly Christian widely read in missionary literature. Investment." The coupon below will bring She was for some years a valued mem- you an illustrated booklet which gives full details. ber of the Board of Directors of the Also contains unsolicited letters from satisfied REVIEW and always a beloved friend and bond holders and endorsements from wellsupporter. She was secretary of the known people. Mail the coupon now and you Woman's Branch of the New York City will soon have this interesting booklet to read Mission Society from 1902 to 1915, and at your leisure. at the time of her death was honorary president of the Board of Managers. Send for This She had a very wide circle of friends FREE Booklet and correspondents engaged in missionary work and her spiritual and material NEW YORK benefactions brought blessing to many BIBLE SOCIETY who will hold her enshrined in affectionate remembrance. Dept. 34 .. * .. I) East 48th St., New York City DR. J. N. FARQUHAR, the well-known Without oblig.tion to me, kindly send me a copy missionary to India and a writer of In- of your free booklet "A Truly Christian Investment… dian religions, died recently and his death means a great loss to the work in India. He went out as a missionary of the London Missionary Society and later joined the Y. M. C. A. as a worker among college students. Subsequently he devoted his full time to the cause of Christian literature in India and published a series of volumes known as The Hermitage of India Series, the Quest of India Series and the Builder of Modern India Series. He was obliged to leave on account of ill health in 1923 but continued to act as advisor on Indian literature. His "Crown of Hinduism" is a book of special merit. While he was familiar with the impurities and weaknesses of the Hindu religion he recognized the element of truth contained in it and contended that Christ' is the fulfilment of India's long search after God and he alone can . . . be the Saviour of India and the Hindus.

REV. PAUL DWORKOWICZ, for many N.me …,……………………………………………………..Age………… years a missionary of the British Jews Address …………………………………………………………………… City………… ,…….,….."……,…….. ,………..8t.te…………………… Society, died recently in his eightyeighth year, having given 60 years in carrying the Gospel to Jews.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE 'VORT,D in writing to adverti~ers.

JEWS AND CHRISTIANS GO UP TO JERUSALEM TO WORSHIP-OR TO WAR, WHICH?

LII, No. 10 October

HAS CHRISTIANITY CHANGED?

BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Cairo, Egypt Author oj "The mory oj the OroB8," Etc.

H AS the mission, the message, worship, e. g., the adoration of the aim and the power of images. Others would "Bowdler- Christianity changed in the ize" the Bible, omitting for ex- past nineteen centuries? Many ample in Luke the fifteenth chapter voices are telling us that it has the reference to the "fatted calf,"

changed or that it should change as it is a stumbling-block to Hin- with the changing years and the dus. Some even go so far as to new environments in which it is advocate the substitution of Hindu cast. A writer in the Indian Social Shastras for the Old Testament.

Reformer (Oct. 6, 1928) assures us "Others wish to see Chri3tianity that "Christendom has sunk back Indianized by naming Christ by to the tribal level of a negative some more distinctively Indian morality from which Christianity title than the 'Lamb of God'-a elevated it to the height of a uni- name which meant much to a pas- versal religion centuries ago." toral nation but means nothing at The Turkish daily, Ikdam (Sept. all in India."· 30,1928) says:" Some are even less cautious. In What has present mankind to do the Christian Century of" August with the Israelitish conception of God 27th, 1925, writing on the subject three or four thousand years ago? At of "The Oriental Christ," Rev. first, they had conceived a blood-thirsty Wm. E. Barton says: and jealous God; later on they embel- lished it a little. In order to advertise If I were a Chinese, or an Indian, or this Jewish God, they have handed out a Persian, I might say, "It is just as Bibles … All this means that there is a legitimate for me to fi"nd prophecies of Jehovah who changes His uniform ac- the Christ in the Scriptures of my own cording to the civilization and prevailing people as it was for Paul. It is just as ideas. The Isaiah, Matthew and John legitimate for me to perpetuate some of of the present age are the great English- the rit~s of my nation in my kind of men-Darwin, Spencer, and Newton. Christianity as it was for the early The chanting of the Bible by millions of Jewish Christians to carry over a cartpersons is nothing else but a mere habit load of their tradition and custom, or which secures its perpetuation. for you occidental Christians, whose A well-known Christian thinker ancestors shivered on the edge of the in South India believes that the frigid zone, to take over the solar fes- tivals of your bloody heathen ancestors Indian Church of the future will from the dim north woods."

have to consecrate in the service • John S. Hoyland on liThe Presentation of the Christian Me"BaKe In India" In The of Christ many features of Indian Nineteenth Oentury and A/ter, June, 1929.

741

Whence this confusion of coun- gram. The fire still kindles the sel from within and without? If, sacrifice on the altar when an as the pronouncements of Lau- Elijah lifts holy hands to God. sanne and of the Jerusalem Council Revivals of religion follow the same agreed, the heart of the Christian laws that they did at Pentecost or message and the secret of our in the days of Luther, Savonarola, power is Jesus Christ Himself, that Wesley, and Moody. And the hupower and that message, like Him, man heart everywhere understands are the same yesterday, today, and the cry of Isaiah, "Ho, everyone forever. We do not so much need that thirsteth" and the promise of to discover new values in the non- Jesus Christ, "Whosoever drinketh Christian religions as old values, of the water that I shall give him and new values, in Christ. We shall never thirst." It may be very need not so much a new interpreta- learned to explain germination by tion of the Christian message as its proclamation with its old power. describing the bacteria in the soil, It is less ·important to nationalize to talk of vacuums and low pres- Christianity than to Christianize sure areas, to refer to the chemisthe nations. We should never con- try of a candle, and the meaning of fuse the s'Ustance with the form, H20 in quenching a flame-but all nor the message with the language this is unnecessary. The sower in which it is presented. The gift soweth the seed. The winds of God of God, Jesus Christ, in all His blow. The fire kindleth the brushfulness remains the same by what- wood. Water satisfies thirst. In ever human terminology we try to this sense the Christian message express' the fact that "in Him and mission, our aim and our dydwelleth all the fullness of the God- namic, are as simple as the common head bodily." The inadequacy of things of life. The wayfaring the stammering messenger does man though a fool, need not err not change the essential worth of therein. At Lausanne representathe Divine message. The material tives of nearly all the churches of of the chalice or its ornamentation Christendom agreed that this old does not change the wine of the message "the eternal Gospel, meets king's table. the needs and fulfils the God-given aspirations of the modern world. The ancient civilized world be- Consequently, as in the past, so also lieved that there were four ele- in the present, the Gospel is the ments, earth, air, fire and water. only way of salvation." It has al- The modern world knows that ways been the only way. In the there are scores of known elements days of the apostle Paul there were and many elements yet to be dis- teachers who tried to introduce ancovered. But earth, air, fire, and other gospel. Syncretism began water are what they always were, before the end of the first century. and behave as they always did. "Certain individuals," Paul writes, Greater knowledge of nature has "are unsettling you; they want to only added greater mystery. The distort the gospel of Christ." He spiritual seed still grows secretly warns them against such a disin the soil of the human heart. The torted gospel, though it come by wind still "bloweth where it list- an angel from Heaven! (Gal. 1: eth" and God's Spirit is not bound by any missionary council or pro- 6-9). The experience of the Church in

HAS CHRISTIANITY CHANGED?

all lands and for nineteen centuries tian Bibles," said the great Orientproves that we need no "Shorter alist, Sir Monier Williams in a Bible" nor a longer Bible. "It is memorable address, "are all de- God's Book, and like the'Holy City velopments in the wrong direction. of John's vision, it lies foursquare They all begin with some flashes of to the needs of humanity-its true light, and end in utter darklength and its breadth and its ness. Pile them, if you will, on height are equal. The Bible So- the left side of your study table, cieties have never added nor sub- but place your own Bible on tracted from its contents. They right side-all by itself-all alone exist only to pour them out. It is -and with a wide gap between. the living word of God and resents It requires some courage to appear dissection. intolerant in these days of flabby compromise and milk-and-water With eager knife that oft has sliced concession, but I contend that …. At Gentile gloss or Jewish fable, Before the crowd you lay the Christ there is a gulf between the Bible Upon the lecture table. and the so-called sacre'd books of the East, which severs the one From bondage to the old beliefs from the other utterly, hopelessly, You say our rescue must begin: and forever-not a mere rift which But I want refuge from my griefs, may be easily closed and across And saving from my sin. which the Christian and non-Chris- tian shake hands and interchange The strong, the easy, and the glad similar ideas in regard to essential Hang blandly listening on your word; truths-but a veritable gulf which But I am sick and I am sad, . cannot be bridged over by any And I need Thee, 0 Lord. science of religious thought-yes, a bridgeless chasm, which no the- The time is not come for anyone, ory of evolution can ever span!" least of all any missionary of Christ, to propose any other sacred book as supplement or substitute for the Bible. "These non-Chris- THE ALL-SUFFICIENCY OF CHRIST Do we really believe that our Gospel is a gospel of love and forgiveness and truth and patience, a Gospel which we are the more bound to offer to men as their need of it and our needs are the more clearly shown?

The fundamental question is as to whether we know what Christianity really is and mean really to give our lives to its claim.

This is all there is to the foreign missions appeal and argument.

Everything else is secondary or irrelevant. If Christ is the only Lord and Saviour then He must be shared with all mankind. If the present methods of sharing Him are inadequate or ineffective, then let the men who believe in Christ rise up and correct them and pour out in the enterprise a new flood of power and accom- plishment. This is what is really needed-a great volume of new and unwithholding devotion. ROBERT E. SPEER.

AIM OF

BY REV. EDWIN E. CALVERLEY, Ph.D., Amarah, Iraq lIIi88ionnry oj the Reformea Ghurch in. America PAUL of Tarsus is the Profes- Rome and Corinth that they are sor of Christian Psychology "called to be saints." This is the of the New Testament. He message of the Testament that was does not use textbook terms, but neW nineteen centuries ago. What employs the common words of does our present age say? The home and church, so that everyone "Varieties of Religious Experi- everywhere recognizes that his de- ence," by the late Prof. William scriptions of the states and acts of James, of Harvard, was first pub- the human soul are true in what- lished a number of years ago but ever language his words are read. the original edition is still being Recently.a man of Mesopotamia reprinted. Its influence upon the told me of his struggles to stop modern study of religious psychol- sinning. He had been brought up ogy has been unparalleled among as a Shi'i Moslem and he could not textbooks of its own kind. It is the conquer his passions. He said that case book of religious experience in houses of prostitution he would as recorded in the literature of feel the shame of his association. fact. It includes the enthusiasms He would take his head into his of the Poet-Prophet David and the hands and say to himself, "I am of devout religious bookkeeping of better position, better education the unimaginative George Muller and better ideals than these people, and the testimonies of a hundred so why do I come among them?" other religious experts. The state- He once spent months in a mosque, ments' of their experiences are ex- without leaving there day and amined in a popular scientific way, night, and had his meals brought not always sympathetically, as in to him there, so that he might George MillIer's case nor always break with his old sinful associa- successfully, for there is a domain tions and habits; but he did not of religious experience that re- succeed. When I read to him Paul's quires a special enduement of spir- Seventh Chapter of Romans, he ex- itual discernment. Prof. James'

claimed, "That's it exactly! That's book itself makes the fact plain exactly my condition!" I empha- that there are spiritual experiences sized the twenty-fifth verse, and he that are real, although beyond the was willing to accept it. He had reach of scientific investigation, become a Bahai, and can say "Yes" and it is New Testament doctrine to the fundamentals of all reli- that spiritual things require the gions, and join the public worship teaching of the Spirit. Neverthe- of any when it will bring no un- less every chapter was written with pleasant consequences upon him- the desire to discover the secret of self. the religious experts who had Paul describes the mission 01' found God and peace. He consid- Christ and the aim of Christianity ers the lives of these experts be- in the language of the Church that fore and after their conversion, is perfectly clear to all. He tells and he cannot help commending the members of the churches at their example. In his commenda- 744

THE AIM OF CHRISTIANITY

A SCENE AT A CITY GATE OF KUWAIT, ARABIA tion he too uses the language of hermits were no longer served and the church and exclaims, "Let us they have left their not too inacbe saints!" cessible caves for other places.

We are "called to be saints," Let us be Christians of our own says' the Apostle Paul. "Let us be times and circumstances and let us saints," says Prof. James. Our age prove our greater enlightenment may not wish the title of saint for and our better understanding of itself, because it sounds sancti- Christianity by our better characmonious, and' will not give the ters and our greater works and by reputation of saint to the idle and our truer loyalty to the claims and the parasite. The changing times ideals of our Lord Jesus Christ. It are helping to produce a newer and is not hard to recognize the saintly better understanding of what the character; we speak of our mothname of saint implies. ers as "saintly" and we know no nobler standard can be set before The wilderness between J erusa- us than the aim expressed in the lem and Jericho was peopled thirty words: "Let us be saints!" and more years ago with religious hermits who lived in the rocks and The opposite of saint is not sincaves of the hills and valleys. Fed ner, but contented sinner. No saint by the pilgrims who toiled up and says he is not a sinner. Saint Paul down the paths leading to the Holy called himself the "chief of sin- City they passed their lives served ners." But no saint is contented by the devotion of the faithful. when he finds sin in his life. It But motor cars and well-kept roads was and is the aim of Christ to have given the pilgrims cheaper give victory and hope to all who and quicker journeys to their are disC'Ontented with the sin in shrines and sacred scenes. The their lives.

"Repent and bring forth fruits been moderate in its movement and worthy of repentance!" cried John remarkable in its llrosperity, but the Forerunner. "Seek ye first the materialism rather than spiritual- Kingdom of God and His right- ity is its characteristic feature. If eousness!" cried our Lord J esu ' an example of educational revolu- Christ. It is the one command tion is asked for, none greater than that applies to every man of every the Italian Renaissance can be excentury of every race and every amined, but nobody acclaims its clime. Sin is the great enemy of morality nor desires a nation of mankind. It knows no nationality Benevenuto Cellinis. and draws no cultural, economic, social or political lines. It is as On the other hand the national, universal as conscience and as communal and individual revoludeep-rooted as the desire to eat tions effected by Wesley, Zinzinand drink. It took majestic arro- dorf and Augustine represent gance even to challenge its control moral and spiritual improvements, of mankind. It took divine com- whose value writers of profane and passion to provide for the conquest church history acknowledge. of sin. It took supernatural power to break its recognized dominion All of these leaders warred over man. It takes the activity of against sin and in that warfare the Holy Spirit to restore its devas- they developed for themselves and tation. their followers Christian charac- ters noble in quality and energetic The evidence of history proves the need of the Christian opposi- in activity. If their present-day tion to sin. Our world has experi- admirers and followers in Church enced radical changes of thought and institution want to be true to and life. It has endured many the ideals of the heroes of their great revolutions: political, social, faith, they too must war against economic and cultural. In bring- sin, private and' public, personal ing about governmental changes and national, and they too will deneither Cromwell's Puritan revolu- velop real Christian characters, tion nor Lenin's political paganism worthy of the name saint and proare models of morality. In the ductive of good works that testify England of Cromwell's time "The to their worthiness. military saints resolved that in defiance of the old laws of the realm Sin, or rebellion against God and of the almost universal senti- and the disregard for His characment of the nation, the King ter and laws, is the great enemy 0" should expiate his crimes with his man. It is sin that our Lord Jesus Christ came to overthrow. In problood." * portion as Christianity, the Church and the Christian have opposed sin The Russian anti-religious prop- have they produced saints and proaganda is revolting to every reli- moted the unified, peaceful and gious sentiment. The French happy character of the individual Revolution was the world's great- and the weal of the public. The est social earthquake, and it was church or the mission that neglects not distinguished for morality. The this great and central aim of American economic revolution has Christ and Christianity disregards its charter and is condemned to • Macauley: History oj Englund, (vol. 1, leanness of soul and barrenness of p. 103, Everyman's Edition).' life and service.

WORLD MISSION OF

BY REV. JULIUS RICHTER, D.D., Berlin, Germany Author oj rfM188ions in India/J Rtc.

W E MUST carefully distin- tion of each generation with regard guish between absolute and to its particular task has changed relative standards, between from time to time. Jewish Chriseternal goals and contemporary tianity of the first generation developments. As to the back- looked on Jesus Christ as the promground of eternity in missions ised Messiah, the so long waited there can be no difference of opin- for Seed from the root of Jesse, ion among Christians who have and they regarded it as their duty their stand in the Biblical Gospel, to draw the attention of their felthat is, in Christianity as the di- low Jews and of their non-Jewish vinely revealed program of God contemporaries to the rapidly adfor the human race. vimcing fulfillment of the prophetic promises. The Christian Church of The redemption of humanity the next centuries was almost unthrough Jesus Christ, His Cross consciously drawn into that curiand His resurrection is the start- ous syncretistic movement which ing point. brought the most divers religious currents from the Orient into the The establishment of the King- Occident, the Christian religion as dom of God in glory is the goal. the strongest of these currents of Oriental religions assimilating the The Church is the instrument in best elements of all of them and so God's hands to build up His King- conquering all rivals. dom on the foundation of Calvary. After Christianity had become To make disciples of Jesus, in- the State religion under Constanspired by His spirit and patterned tine the situation and task changed after His model, is the way to- rapidly and it became imperative wards this goal, our religious meth- to assimilate slowly, yet thoroughod of work. ly, the pagan masses of the Roman This development, encompassing time and eternity, calling into service churches, nations and individ- uals in all continents and in all Empire into the Christian Church generations, is the background of and at least to attempt to change the World Mission of Christianity; them by the Holy Spirit. it is the hour hand on the world clock advancing steady yet irre- During the middle ages the mis- . sistibly until God's predestined sionary movement again had quite time is fulfilled. We must keep it a different outlook, yet a clear cut in mind always, though of course task. The Germanic, Nordish, our eye immediately is concentrat- Slavish peoples of Central, Northed on the minute hand which is ern and Eastern Europe needed to showing us our particular task, and be brought into the church, and a where we stand in our generation, close cooperation between Church and what God expects us to do for and State, a comprehensive clerical and in our contemporary world. expansion, and the cultural superi- ority of the Christian nations It is exceedingly interesting to worked together to enable the watch how the individual concep- medieval Church to fulfill her mis- 747

sionary task so decisive for the fu- watchword ringing in the ear of ture of the human race. the contemporary. Christian mis- When Protestantism began to see sionary movement.

its missionary task different mo- Second, nations have become so tives have been set in action to get matter-of-fact, so realistic that a clearer conception of this foreign spiritual values and movements work which at first view seemed to too, are scrutinized carefully for lie outside of the regular ecclesi- their practical results; never the astical duties. Protestants were Lord's watchword has had such remembering that "Foreign Mis- compelling truth-"by their fruits sions" were the last and great com- you shall know them."

mission of the Risen Lord for His Third, never before has our an- disciples and that faith in Him de- tagonistic world concept, which manded obedience to His command. since Jerusalem we have become The utmost haste was needed to accustomed to call secularism, be- bring this joyful news of salvation come such a dangerous and univer- to the ends of the earth. The plight sal rival of the Christian propa- of the savages of Africa and of the ganda.

Isles of the South Sea seemed so What then shall we do? It seems pitiful that unbounded sympathy evident that our orientation is was aroused in order to bring them clear in three directions. Christian help in body and soul. The incom- missions can have no more restrict- parable value of every soul in time ed field than the whole human race.

and eternity seemed to require an They must have courage to look at indefatigable endeavor to save an this task as a whole. That is one individual soul here and there even of the reasons why the Interna- at the expense of the valuable lives tional Missionary Council is of such of missionaries. The "evangeliza- necessity. Second, our missions tion of the world in this genera- need reality more than anything tion" was an urgent call to the con- else. It is not so much institutions, science of a sleepy Christendom organizations, and buildings which half a century ago. are wanted. What the human race How do we see our missionary needs and looks for in the Chris- task today? Has it the same con- tian missions is moral stamina to straining power in our generation? overcome the widespread demorali- Are we able to fit in our mission- zation of our time, a clear con- ary conception into that unchange- sciousness of a definite purpose ir able background of the eternal life which it tries to follow, and a Gospel sketched at the beginning? socially building power against the We have to keep in view those atomization of the modern life.

factors which, at present, are of The quest of reality in the Chris- decisive importance. The human tian religion comes to this-is race has come nearer to each other faith in God, the father of our Lord to such an extent that now for the Jesus Christ, supplying these ur- first time Christianity is face to gent needs?

face with the question in a prac- Third, and back of the first two tical and constraining way if it re- points, Christianity must definitely gards its religion as the universal face the task to bring out victori- way of redemption for the whole ously the Christian view of life as human race. Now or never, is the the only sound foundation.

CHRISTIAN VIEW OF

BY REV. COURTENAY H. FENN, D.D., Princeton, N. J.

Mi.si<mUh"1/ to OMna of the Presbyterian Ohumh, U. S. A.

T HE Mission Boards are the dom and blessedness of righteous- representatives of the Chris- ness and true holiness through the tian Churches, the mission- atoning sacrifice, the triumphant aries the representatives of the resurrection and the abiding in- Boards, and individual Christians dwelling of The Great Son of God?

are the component parts of The unique Mission of Christian- Churches, Boards and Missions. ity, then, cannot be other than the There should therefore be for all a accomplishment of this redemption complete oneness of "Standard and for as much of the world as pos- View of the Mission of Christian- sible through making known, by ity." Moreover, as Christ is the word and life, the Person and Head of the Church and, ex-officio, Work of Jesus Christ to every race, the President of the Mission that all men may know the only Board, as well as the wisdom, living and true God and gladly power, life of the missionary and enter into right relations with Him the individual ·Christian, there for time and for eternity. This is should be no question that the one eternal life, according to our Lord, true "standard and view" for all whose Mission in this world is that are the standard and view of our men "may have life and that they Lord Jesus Christ. may have it more abundantly."

It ought not to be a difficult mat- One often hears it affirmed that ter to ascertain the standard and the world has so· changed in' our view of the Founder of Christian- day that the Mission of Christian- ity as to its Mission. From His ity in relation to it has changed, earliest years He does not appear and that the attempt to carry out to have entertained the slightest the New Testament conception of doubt of it Himself, and at the the mission of the Church is fore- close of His earthly career there is doomed to failure and only arouses no trace of uncertainty in the man- the contempt of those to whom it is ner in which He sets it before His presented, whose native intelli- disciples as their Mission as well gence, venerable philosophies and as His, theirs because His, and be- historic cultures are little if at all cause as the Father had sent Him inferior to our own. If we attempt into the world, even so He was to take them anything, it should be sending them into the world. And with an offer of a fair exchange what is Christianity but the Person for what they are able to contrib- and Work of Jesus Christ, in their ute to our culture and civilization. revelation of the Father, of man's Such would naturally have been capacity for sonship, his rejection the argument of many in Paul's of its incomparable privileges for day with reference to the Apostle's slavery to "the lusts of the flesh, Mission to Greece and Rome. The the lusts of the eye and the pride preaching of the Cross had been to of life"; and of redemption from the Jew an almost invariable the bondage of sin into the free- "stumbling block," to Greek cul- 749

ture and Roman power it was utter monious commonwealth. What the "foolishness"; yet Paul declared it world needs is not a new earth, or to be to both Jew and Greek "the new inventions, or a new philos- power of God and the wisdom of ophy, but a new spirit, a new God," supplying to every race heart; and the world's only provisomething which all the attain- sion for that is in Christianity and ments and glories of that race did its "new birth" by faith in Jesus not supply, could not supply, yet Christ, the Son of God, who not without the supply of which all the only lived for our example but died wisdom and power possessed were for our redemption from the guilt bu.t "foolishness and weakness." and power of sin.

This is exactly as true of the These things being true, mis- world today as it was 1,900 years sions to all the world are the Mis- ago. The modern world's boasted sion of Christianity, and their one possessions are material, intellec- aim is redemptive. Whatever will tual, !'esthetic-all of which are contribute directly to the attain- temporal; while the world sets ment of that aim is a legitimate little value on the things which and desirable means to be em- are spiritual and so eternal. So ployed. That which will contribute far as it feels the need of redemp- only indirectly should first be ex- tion at all, it is an improvement of amined to see if its contribution is social conditions; if of social rela- sufficiently great to make wise the tions, then chiefly in the interest expenditure of time and energy re- of industrial peace and interna- quired, in comparison with other tional harmony for their own in- available means. This principle is trinsic values. Even in these especially important when the things, as a matter of fact, the Board, for the Church, is selecting lands to which missionaries are the human agents to be commissent have little to impart to the sioned. However high may be the lands known as Christian, for the intellectual attainments, however simple reason that the more Chris- attractive the personality, if the tianity they possess, the higher person under consideration has not have been their attainments in himself manifestly entered into these very lines. Not merely in the "the secret of His Presence" and things of eternity, but also in the known intimately Him whom he is things of time, does Christianity to present and represent as the possess an advantage over every image of the invisible God and the other philosophy, and that because World's one Redeemer, while he it is not only a human philosophy may help those of another race but the religion of right relations with a purely humanitarian spirit, between man and God and there- yet it is quite possible that he may fore between man and man, offer- more than offset this help by uning a redemption from the power consciously producing the impresof universal inborn selfishness, the sion that that uplift is all the world only solution for individual and so- needs for its redemption. The cial evil. For 1,900 years this has modern world being altogether too proved itself in the experience of ready to receive such an impresevery race which has given it a sion and to content itself with such fair trial, and is today the founda- a redemption, there never has been tion of the most stable and har- a time when it was more important

THE CHRISTIAN VIEW OF MISSIONS

than now that all "ambassadors of found science, will turn from Christ" sent forth by the Church Christianity because of its "mirshould be His unequivocally true acles" and its "revelations." Many representatives, men and women thinking people, in the Orient as whose lives are indeed "hid with well as in the Occident, are com- Christ in God." ing to see as never before that sci- ence and philosophy in themselves It is an amazing thing that it are not redemptive; that ethical should be necessary to urge upon standards will never save a people anyone who believes these things from moral corruption; that only as to the Mission of Christianity, an Almighty, holy and loving God that he ~hould "keep them before can redeem the creatures of His him and seek to make them effec- own hand, made in His own image, tive at any cost." The fact that it yet prodigal sons in their mistaken is necessary has probably been the preference for the material and occasion of more suspicion as to sensual before the spiritual and the belief than any other single eternal. Until the Church returns thing. If Christianity were to the to this First Century conception of average Christian a full knowledge the Mission of Christianity and of of God in Christ and a life in un- everyone professing allegiance to ceasing intimate relation with Christianity, and becomes over- Him, God's ever unsatisfied long- whelmingly possessed by that coning to give Himself would take ception, there is little hope of the "Great Revival" for which so much possession of the Christian. To prayer is offered. If this be the him, as to Jesus, it would be his "Evangelism" of the "Five Year very meat and drink to do the Fa- Movement" about to be launched ther's will and accomplish His in China, not only will "numbers greatest work, the redemption of be doubled," but the Church will the world. That world will never attain a vigor of life which will believe that the Church has been solve without difficulty her present sent for this purpose so long as problems. everything else takes precedence, with the majority of Christians, WITH GOD over the bearing of the redemptive message to those who have never To talk with God no breath is lost; heard it, or so long as a large pro- Talk on! portion of those who ostensibly go To walk with God no strength is lost; with the message are themselves so slightly acquainted with it, or so Walk on! dissatisfied with it, that they hide To toil with God no time is lost; it from sight under the more read- Toil on! ily acceptable secular education Little is much, if God is in it; and physical humanitarianism. Man's busiest day not worth God's There is quite as great danger minute that the non-Christian peoples, in Much is little everywhere, their discontent with their old na- If God the business does not share. tive superstitions, will reject Chris- So work with God-then nothing's tianity because its modern presentation exhibits no enthusiastic lost; conviction of the supernatural, as Who works with him does best and that they, in their devotion to new- most. -Old English Verse.

MANSUR OF

BY REV. E. E. ELDER, Cairo, Egypt Mis8ionfWY of the United Pre8b1lterian, M4'88ion I F YOU can imagine some race- sessing literary talents is distin- prejudiced Nordic being asked guished by a burning passion to to accept initiation into the win souls from Islam for Christ. tribal rites of an Australian abo- The heart rather than the head rigine as the only way of salvation predominates in his message. and you have a picture of Moslem bigotry towards other faiths. Every Monday evening, Kamil may be seen holding special meet- From this background of pride ings for Moslems at the American and prejudice came Kamil Mansur. Mission building right in the center The early influences that led him of Cairo. No matter who of the to Christ are linked up with his more than a million inhabitants of Cairo may be in his audience Ka- KAMIL EFFENDI MANSUR AND mil always chooses his theme with HIS WIFE his Moslem hearers in mind. Some- times there is dissent and disapbrother, Mikhail Mansur, who pre- proval of his conclusions, but time ceded him into membership in the and again the fearlessness and Christian Church. Mikhail, the fervor, the sympathy and tact of elder brother, who passed to his the speaker win friends for Christ. reward more than a decade ago A few months ago a sheikh from paved the way for Kamil's accept- the Azhar, the great Moslem Uniing Christ. The peace and joy versity came to criticize and stir which came into the soul of this up trouble. A fortnight later he Azhar sheikh, .when he found the testified to his faith in Christ as living Christ as his Lord and Sav- Saviour of the World. iour, eventually stirred the younger brother who had doubted and re- The Constitution of Egypt guarproached. Mikhail was a profound antees religious liberty to people scholar and an ardent champion of of every faith, yet in the eyes of Christian truth. Kamil while pos- the Moslem law as it is today the convert from Islam to Christianity has no personal status. He may be persecuted and deprived of his property, but he has no redress be- fore the courts. During the past year mature women in Egypt have been compelled to return to Islam, because the process of Islamic jurisprudence does not recognize that there can be a convert from Islam. In the midst of such in- equality and injustice Kamil Man- sur preaches a message of love and sacrifice, calling his Moslem broth- ers to follow Him who was despised and rejected of men.

752

MISSION OF THE

BY ANNA A. MILLIGAN, Philadelphia, Pa.

Secretary of the WomnnJs BonTd of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyteriwn Church "NCIENT religions and insti- resurrection. This mission has not f i tutions are changing, are even changed dUring the ages.

being dissolved, but Jesus There would be no missionary Christ is the same, yesterday and enterprise if Christians did not today and forever. Standards of have what the whole world needs moral conduct are being questioned and does not have. There would be and absolute truth is being doubt- no missionaries if those people in ed; but God's law is perfect, un- the uttermost parts had what they changing and sure. must have in order to know life Knowing the need of the world and light, peace and joy. If the -social, industrial, racial, nation- other religions of the world were al and spiritual, and knowing the adequate to meet the needs of men need of every individual heart and could satisfy the hearts of throughout all time, Christ gave men, there would have been no His message to the world. It is Great Commission. There would unique. It is universal. It is ade- . be no mission Boards. There would quate. . be no missionaries to spread the That message is ours to give to Gospel of His love.

the world. Giving it to the world The fact that there is truth constitutes the Mission of Chris- found in the other religions is not tianity. That message is the Gos- sufficient ground for leaving people pel of Jesus Christ. It is not alone; they must have Him Who merely a philosophy of life; it is is Truth. The fact that thers are not merely a theological doctrine; spiritual values in other religions it is not merely a social service is not enough; these may be good, program. It is more than all of so far as they go. They do not go these. It is the revelation of God far enough. The fact that there to men empowering them to be- are ethical elements in those reli- come sons of God. . gions is not sufficient grounds for Christ expects every individual remaining at home. The ethical Christian to carry this good news teachings of the other religions do wherever it is not known. It is not give a sense of sin, nor show dishonoring to Christ for anyone the way to pardon and cleansing to claim to love Christ and then and power.

fail to tell others of His love. "The We have taken modern educa- mission of the Church is missions" tion to the people of other reli- and the mission of every individual gions. That is good and desirable Christian is missions. The mission but education is not enough. Every of Christianity and the mission of educational institution in the mis- the individual Christian is to make sion fields today should be measured Christ known and to lead every by the evangelistic standard. If man and woman in the world into students are not born again, the saving relation to Jesus Christ, to schools in mission lands are fail- know Him and the power of His ing in their purpose.

753 2 Medical institutions can do a triumphant and radiant lives. We vast amount of humanitarian work need only to extend the conquest, in relieving suffering, staying dis- to go farther in the direction in ease and curing the ills of man- which we have started."

kind. A missionary physician will Men may not hear the Gospel we do all this; but his success is bring but we must give this mes- measured by the number who come sage whether they hear or not.

to know the Great Physician, with They may threaten life and prop- all His healing sympathy. erty. We must give it, counting Every evangelist will estimate not life dear. We must "place no his work by the number of new value upon anything we have or creatures who have been born into may possess, except in relation to the Kingdom of God, not by the the Kingdom of God." We must number of men who have become give this message of the Gospel of better neighbors or more honor- Christ in spite of scorn or ridicule, able citizens. He will measure his in spite of contempt or shame, re- success by the number of lives that membering that "the disciple is give evidence of a power to over- not above his Master." We must come sin and to live a new life. give it in humility and love. Be- The standard which we must set cause we have it and men need it, before us, as churches, mission because men cannot live without it, boards, missionaries and individual . we must share it. If we do not, it Christians is the presentation of will mean irreparable loss to us Jesus Christ as the only way of and loss to those who sit in dark.

salvation, of the atonement and the ness-terrible loss, and it will resurrection as the great doctrines mean loss to Christ, who died that of our faith, and the abundant life all might come to know Him. We that is in Christ Jesus. can give the world nothing more.

Some claim that the ultimate aim We dare not give less.

of missions is to establish a world Not only must we give the Gos- brotherhood. This is a noble pur- pel, but we must live it. There pose, but it falls far short of the must be evidence in our lives that standard which Christ has set for what we proclaim is a reality. We His Church. There are those who must show such love in all we do make the ultimate goal the estab- and say that men will be conv~nced lishment of friendship and good- that there is a God of love. Men will. These good results will sure- everywhere admit the beauty and ly come when once the earth the glory of the life of Christ; but becomes filled with the knowledge unless they see in us the evidences of the Lord and when once the peo- of a Christ-like character they will pIe of the earth take the Lord Jesus not believe that He can transform Christ as Saviour and King. A men into His image by faith in new world order is our goal, where Himself. "It is the present miracle Christ will have His way. of spiritual grace and power tri- The kingdoms of this world are umphant in a human life," that to become the Kingdom of our will be the argument unanswer- Lord Jesus Christ. "If there is able, the proof irrefutable. It is anything certain in this world it is our glorious privilege to live this that Christ is raised from the dead life and to make Christ's message and is living now in myriads of effective at any cost.

TRUE AND ABIDING BASIS

FOREIGN MISSIONS BY ROBERT E. SPEER, D.D., New York Author of ((The Unfln,4shed TaBk oj Foreif)n Mis8ion8/J Etc".

W HEN we are told today, as its almost unbegun, task in Judea we so often are told, that and Samaria and Galilee. Was Christianity has no right to there no work for the Apostle Paul interfere with other peoples' reli- to do in Jerusalem and Damascus gions or to invade their culture and that he must needs go off to Europe are asked why we go abroad when or even to Asia Minor seeking a we have not done our work at home field for work? If religion may not or why we intrude where we are be exported until it is nationally not wanted, we cannot refrain from accepted and fully exemplified at wondering how the early Christian home, the early Church certainly Church ever justified itself in pro- had no business to set out on its pagating the new religion. For the world propaganda. Was the world first Christians were confronted calling for such an enterprise? Not with all these objections in a far a bit of it. Paul tells of an appeal more emphatic and valid form than for help from a man of Macedonia they can be urged today. What but he says frankly that it was in right had they to seek to supplant a dream, and the story of his ac- with their upstart faith the old re- tivity is not an account of eager ligions of Judaism and of Greece invitations and happy welcomes but and Rome? Those religions ante- of hardship and hostility and op- dated theirs. The people to whom position. The only freedom of cities they preached Christ had their own which he received was the freedom faiths and their own gods and in of a forcible exit! He lists his ex- the case of Judaism it was the same periences in his second Epistle to God as the God of the Christians. the Corinthians and he adds' that If it is wrong to offer one religion his pleasures are not reception com- to a people who already have an- mittees, welcoming banners, official other then the early Church acted invitations from civic councils, banunwarrantedly. And what right, quets and festivals but reproaches, further, had these unlettered fish- persecutions, derisions. What ermen, followers of One who had right, again it may be asked, if we attended no school, these simple are not to go where some people men, most of them, who knew noth- do not want us, had Paul to inflict ing of the rich inheritance of the himself and his mission upon peoancient world, to thrust their mes- ple who had no desire for him? sage before the most finished cul- All the contemporary objections ture in the world? . with which we are familiar were With what power and validity applicable to the missionary zeal of might it have been argued against the first Christians. What would the missionary enterprise of the have been the result if they had early Church that it had better stay yielded to them? Well, it would at home until it had done its work have been the end of Christianity.

there? Let it look to its unfinished, The new religion would have died 755

at its beginning. If it is wrong to elusive it would have been to appeal propagate Christianity now it was to the last authoritative word of so at the outset and as that would the risen Lord! Surely that would have ended Christianity it would have settled the issues of the Jerufollow that it has no right to exist salem Council and fired the Church at all. But if so what right have with missionary zeal. But not a the other religions to exist which word of it. The last command of it is claimed Christianity has no Christ is nowhere quoted in the acright to displace? Each of them count of the work of the early had a beginning. Each of them dis- Church. That command, apparentplaced what had gone before it. If ly, was not the basis of foreign they had a right to supersede or to missions. absorb what they found, so had Christianity at the outset, and so And it is clear that the motive it has today. was not international goodwill. All That was the conviction of the the world which the early Christirst Christians. Instead of listen- tians knew was one nation. Nor ing to our modern anti-missionary arguments they went out to spread did they seek to spread a culture or Christianity over the world, to destroy all that in the light of Chris- a civilization or even an ethic, tianity was false and to salvage and though moral purity and moral redeem and enrich whatever truth passion were a part of their power. men had already found. Why did Their one motive and purpose and they do this? What were the con- aim was to proclaim a message, to siderations and motives which tell news, to deliver their witness, launched the Christian Church and to make Christ known, hoping and its missionary enterprise across the striving to persuade men, but bearworld? ing their witness and telling their story whether or no. The Motives that Moved This is the fundamental basis of It is interesting to note that it missions-namely_ the essential nadoes not appear to have been the ture of Christianity as a message last command of Christ or what we of salvation, of the grace and love call "the great commission." Al- of God in Christ, the story of His though fresh from the final inter- life and death and resurrection, the view with Jesus in which that significance of His work and His command was given, no heed seems person to individual men and to soto have been given to it. The early ciety and to the world. There is Church stayed in Jerusalem. It given in Christ that which is was only when persecution arose unique, indispensable, sufficient, that it spread out and its world complete and final. If we believe mission came into full view only this, missions inevitably follow. If with Paul. Nobody spoke of "the not, missions will fade out. We do great commission." And later not say that we know it all, we say when questions arose as to the le- just the opposite, that we do not gitimacy of the mission to the Gen- know it all. Saint Paul said: "We tiles or when Paul met luke-warm- know in part." But it is all there ness and indifference among the in Christ. We do not need and we Christians, how natural and con- do not seek anything that is not in Him. In Him dwelleth all the full- ness of the Godhead bodily. Chris- tianity is this faith. It is the

TRUE AND ABIDING BASIS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS

declaration of this faith to the ble and honest men are rising out whole world. It is the effort to real- of this self-delusion and are facing ize this faith ever more and more facts. A good illustration of this in human expe~ience. Here is new mind is found in Hu Shih's in- where the early Church stood. troduction to Julian Arnold's Here the foreign mission enterprise "Some Bigger Issues in China's stands today. Its basis. is in the Problems" : very character of the Christian What is needed today, it seems to me, Gospel as the good tidings of the only Lord and Saviour of mankind. is that conviction which should amount almost to a religious repentance that we The Result Chinese are backwa-rd in everything and that eve1·y other modern nation in the world is much better off than we are.

Because of what Christianity is We must know ourselves. We must con- fess that we are terribly poor and that it must be spread over the whole our people are suffering miseries which world and offered to every man. justly horrify the civilized world. We must confess that our political life is Every man and the whole world corrupt to the core and that most of our needs it. The early Church believed homes are nests of crime, of injustice, of that every man and the whole oppression, lynching and suicide. We world were in desperate need of the must see with open eyes that we are Gospel. And this is what the for- ruled by militarists who arose from bandeign missions enterprise believes. itry and from the scum of society and Just as the unique and uniquely whose education and training never qualsupernatural character of Chris- ified them to rule, and by politicians who tianity has been glossed over partly have no livelihood other than politics and as a result of the misinterpreted who are never regulated by any system study of comparative religions, so of civil service. have we glossed over the depth and reality of the world's need. One And for all this we must have our- selves to blame. 'We have bound the feet of our women for a thousand years and smoked opium for centuries, thereby greatly weakening the race and polluting its moral fibre. And we have wasted the reason for this has been the decent brains of our scholars by making them sense of our own need. But that is only a confirmation, not a qualifica- spend six long centuries mastering abtion, of the fact of the need of hu- solutely useless gymnastics for competimanity as one of the bases of foreign missions. All men need tion in the examinations. And we have resisted all pressure for reform and mod- ernization, even in the face of the grave danger of the country being partitioned among the powers. We are only reaping Christ, not Hindus and Moslems the fruit of the sins of our fathers and only but Christians too, and all ourselves. equally. When we say that men are Let us no longer deceive ourselves with self-complacent talks about imperialistic in dire need of Christ's salvation powers hampering our national progress we are not excepting or exalting and prosperity! Let us read the recent ourselves. Weare in the same need history of Japan and bury our conceit as all men and all men in the same and self-deception once and for all in need as we. shame and repentance.

Another reason for glossing over And then when we have fully and the reality of human need has been whole-heartedly repented, let us resolve, solemnly and religiously resolve, that we must learn.

supplied by the tide of nationalistic China's plight and need are piti- spirit seeking self-glorification. able. But after all it is a matter National and racial pride have set only of degree. All other nations up a defense reaction with false are in need too. "The whole idealization of the past. It begins world," said Saint John, with out- to seem now, however, that sensi- spoken boldness, "lieth in wicked-

ness." Smooth it and cloak it as we which was given to them is the may, the fact remains. The world only hope of men. It is the only is wrong and only Christ can right truth of God and of God's grace it. and love in Christ. It belongs to all men. It must be shared with all Therefore Christians must be a men. Any other course is a bemissionary people. They know of trayal of the Gospel and a breach the only Saviour. The Gospel of Christ's trust. which they did not produce but ARE MISSIONS· TOO PERMANENT?

"BUT BY JOHN R. SCOTFORD, Cleveland, Ohio Lord thy church is pray- would be willing to accept the same ing yet-a thousand years leadership "until death do us the same!" In this spirit part." Oftentimes the missionary were foreign missions conceived. would be more welcome if he did The missionary was appointed for not come as a permanent settler.

life, with the hope that his children A life-time appointment exposes might follow in his footsteps. Edu- the missionary to a serious tempta- cational institutions were planned tion. In the rooms of a certain to endure for centuries. When in- foreign board in New York the evitable adjustments were made writer was told that the greatest and some types of work abandoned problem of missions is "to keep the it was always with' a sense of de- missionary educated." In South feat.· After a century of mission- America the same difficulty was ary effort only one field has been stated differently in the remark, regarded as successfully evangel- "The trouble with some mission- ized-Hawaii. aries is that they fail to arrive in This emphasis upon permanence the country to which they are fostered the habit of viewing na- sent." That is, many missionaries tions in a large perspective. It en- fail to make and maintain a cOn- couraged careful preparation and temporaneous adjustment to their statesmanlike planning. But as one constituency. Some think that they travels about a missionary field know everything when they arrive such ~s South America one dis- -which is fatal. Others are too covers that most of the problems anxious "to do something" to springs from this very assumption thoroughly master the language of permanence. and absorb the culture of those to The new missionary is often re- whom they minister. Others make ceived rather reluctantly by the a pretty good initial adjustment, people to whom he is sent. If the but afterwards "the concrete sets"

money which goes into his salary to the detriment of their useful- could be had for other work he ness. Furloughs are too often spent would probably be sent home at in travel and speaking rather than the first convenient opportunity. in intellectual refreshment. Much Part of this situation is due to the of this difficulty is due to the in- assumption on the part of the mis- sidious suggestion of a life appoint- sionary that he is settling down ment. Only the truly vigorous for life. Few institutions at home mind will discipline itself without

ARE MISSIONS TOO PERMANENT?

external stimulus. Our schools specializing in the English lanfind it wise to make salary in- guage and training excellent clerks creases dependent upon further for the British business houses. study. The minister knows that if On the one hand there is the inhe gets rusty something else will evitable persistence of the estabhappen to him. If the missionary lished institution with a tradition were not so certain of his employ- of success behind it; on the other ment, it might help to overcome hand there is the baffling problem some of the intellectual inertia to of redefining one's aim. Such is which we are all heirs. the situation in Uruguay, Argen- tina, and Chile. The policy of permanence creates problems for the older educational In the maintenance of churches institutions. this policy of permanence also creates problems. In one of the In countries where the national provincial capitals of Argentina system of education has not yet d~­ the writer stumbled upon an evanveloped the missionary schools have gelical church of fifty-five members a simple and an inspiring task. The meeting in a miserable hall that pioneer problem attracts brave had been supported from mission spirits, and it is an easy matter to funds for thirty years, and that supply a better grade of teaching did not have in its membership a than the country has previously single person of standing in the known. If carried on in the right community. A fairly competent spirit, such schools deeply influence pastor had been sent with instructhe development of the public tions to either "kill or cure," but schools. This is particularly true with a suspicion that the former in Brazil and Paraguay today. alternative would not tend to pros- per his professional career. Mean- But when a country has de- while he was eating his heart out veloped a reasonably adequate ed- at an impossible task. One susucational system of its own, then pects that there are many more does the missionary school find it- churches and men in the same fix. self facing baffling problems. By that time its buildings are old, On the other hand, one finds in traditions have grown up, and the South America several successful institution has become set in certain ways. The necessity for se- ventures which have gotten on curing good teachers is more without the assumptions of perpressing, but the difficulties in the way of getting them are also manence which have characterized larger. The situation is quite missions. similar to the competition between the denominational college and the The work of the Rockefeller state university. The missionary Foundation is universally apprecischool professes to exert a finer ated in South America. As one "moral influence," but that is a dif- American ambassador put it, "If ficult claim to demonstrate. The the Rockefeller Foundation ever girls' schools tend to take refuge sent a man down here who did not behind their social prestige and be- fit, they got him home again become stylish finishing schools. The fore anybody else found it out." boys' schools grope around for a From the point of view of missionreason for existence, meanwhile ary administration their policy is thought provoking. The Founda- tion undertakes certain definite

pieces of health work upon the in- to the poorer classes of the people vitation and with the cooperation -and it pays its own bills.

of the local authorities. But no one Because of the tendency of its phase of work is continued for secretaries to either marry or else more than five years, and the ap- to return to the states to take care pointments of personnel are on an of their parents, the Y. W. C. A.

annual basis. The Foundation may in South America has had a con- continue in a country for more stantly shifting staff. Yet its than five years, but if it does so it work compares favorably with the will be following different types of Y. M. C. A. which has followed the work. Even on this itinerant basis policy of long periods of service.

the workers seem to have as good The ultimate question of mission a knowledge of the language and policy was stated by a Y. M. C. A.

the people as the missionaries. The secretary who was struggling be- philosophy behind this policy i~ neath a heavy financial deficit be- that the Foundation undertakes to queathed him by the ambitious en- demonstrate the value of certain deavors of his predecessors. "Are forms of health work, and then we here to create institutions sim- leave the sequel to the nationals. ilar to those which we have at In consequence both its funds and home, or are we here to give these its workers are kept in a fluid state, people an idea and then let them and the evils of institutionalism work it out for themselves?" When avoided. the first is attempted, the result is The three national churches to the importation of many workers be found in South America show from abroad and the creation of a that sometimes a chance spark of heavy financial burden which the inspiration is worth more than nationals are loathe to assume.

much laborious institutionalism. The second policy requires less The Congregational Church of personnel and a smaller expendi- Brazil is due to the labors of one ture of money, but demands more Scotchman some fifty years ago. ability and greater patience, and But the church has gone on and in the end gives the more satisfac- prospered, with no funds from tory result.

Boston and no missionaries from When a doctor applies vaccine anywhere. The Independent Pres- without producing results he con- byterian Church is an off-shoot of cludes that either the vaccine is no the mission-aided church. Since good, or else the patient is im- its secession it has made some mis- mune to smallpox. Might not the takes, but it is unmistakably alive same assumptions be made in re- and functioning without any mis- gard to mission work which does sionaries either in the foreground not show reasonable results after or the background. The one vig- a period of years?

orous Protestant institution in Two questions of mission policy Chile is the Pentecostal Church, might well be faced.

which came into being when one Would not term appointments missionary left his mission. While be more satisfactory to all con- the mission-guided churches have cerned than the old system of life struggled along, this independent enlistment? As a matter of fact, and thoroughly Chilean movement most missions pass upon the fit- bas ,made a large popular appeal ness of a person to return while

1929J ARE MISSIONS TOO PERMANENT?

they are on their first furlough, or asked not to maintain American even a later one. Yet under the institutions, but to enter into the present system such a manner of groping life of new nations symgetting rid of a missionary implies pathetically and helpfully. The a certain disgrace. Might it not missionary of the future should be be well to use term appointments, less a man of affairs than in the allowing either the mission or the past, and more a man of the spirit. missionary to sever the relation- The missionary should be freed as ship if they so cared, but making far as possible from administrareappointment a definite honor tive details that he may study and rather than the expected thing? interpret, counsel and guide the Would not such an arrangement people among whom he has cast tend to stimulate the missionary his lot. to make the most of himself? Such alterations in missionary A second alteration of policy policy would make the real pur- pose of evangelical missions more would be to in some measure les- apparent. We cannot hope to son the emphasis upon the mainte- mould the life of nations in accord- ance with the American model of nance of institutions. If a school 1929. Such an attempt courts dishas served its purpose and sees no aster. Rather should we go to clear field of usefulness before it, other nations as seed sowers, sharthe doxology shoul!i be sung and ing with them those phases of the pupils dismissed. The burden Christian truth which we have of institutionalism often stands found helpful, but permitting them between the missionary and his to apply those truths in their own greatest usefulness. Like Martha, way. The real function of mishe is so cumbered about much serv- sions is not to supervise, but to ining that he. cannot choose the spire. That inspiration would better part. Many a missionary often be more effective if our is so preoccupied with definite methods were more flexible and tasks which seem necessary that our apparent occupation of the he fails to understand or to touch the life of the nation about him. field less permanent. Yet increasingly the missionary is SEVEN LESSONS ON CHRISTIAN SERVICE 1. The work is manifold in order that every believer may find a task adapted to his talents.

2. The work is committed to all in order that no one may feel left out.

3. The work is one in order that all may be united in cooperation.

4. The work is so important that no one is justified in shirking duty.

5. The work of each is necessary so that no one can -with impunity neglect it.

6. The work is distributed by the Spirit of God, so that there is no room for envy or discontent.

7. The work is God's work through. us, so that there is no ground for pride or despair.-Arthur T. Pierson.

JERUSALEM, WHAT?

BY REV. WILLIAM PATON, London, England Seoretary ()f the lntcrnatirm.al llfissiunary Gouncil M ANY Christians are· asking God") and the eight-volume re- what is to be expected as port. the practical result of the Jerusalem meeting of the Interna- There are two lines of advance tional Missionary Council. This which present themselves. In the was the chief question which many first place there is the realm of of the delegates asked themselves missionary policy, affected by all as they came down from the Mount the Jerusalem findings, and deof Olives, and it is the question pendent on the judgment and which calls for the best thought action of boards and committees that all of UB can give. both at the "home base" and in the countries of Asia, Africa, and The first answer I give may Latin America. Second, there is seem to be very prosaic, but it is the subtler but more fundamental attitude toward missionary work fundamental to further success. which is held by individual believ- It is that all who regard the state- ers whether at home or abroad. On ments of policy and outlook adopt- both these realms the Jerusalem ed at Jerusalem as of real impor- findings bear in the sharpest postance, should spare no effort to sible way, and I would suggest secure the maximum publicity for some lines along which advance them. The reading of books or may be contemplated. pamphlets will not in itself alter men's minds as fully as may be de- Religious Education sired, but it is quite certain that the carrying out of the Jerusalem Let us take first the missionary resolutions in the fullest way de- policy of our different churches, pends largely upon the number to denominations and boards who whom the outlook and spirit of the read the section of the Jerusalem Jerusalem meeting has been com- findings which deals with religious 'municated. The people who ask education. In that section which, me what is to happen now that as is well known, owed much to the the Jerusalem meeting is over are labors of some of the greatest remostly those who have read about ligious educators of North Amerit. Those who have given their ica, there is found a conception of minds to the study of the findings religious education which, not to have usually been supplied with labor the point, is markedly differenough material for meditation to ent from what is actually carried keep them busy for a bit! First, on in very many of our churches therefore, we should strain every and schools all over the world as effort to bring widely to the knowl- religious education. The findings edge of Christian people every- on this subject sketch the princiwhere the book of findings ("The ples which should govern the edu- World Mission of Christianity"), cation given in mission schools and Mr. Basil Mathews' sketch of the colleges and through the whole meeting ("Roads to the City of teaching work of the church, and 762 they not only sketch an ideal but support of the indigenous church.

they indicate in considerable de- Let me take one particular issue.

tail the different ways in which, in It is common ground that the relation to the several departments younger churches desire help from of missionary work, advance and the older, both in personnel and in reform may be achieved. The financial resources. It is, further, International Missionary Council common ground that such help must of course be the clearing should be given in ways which will, house through which information so far from pauperizing the young- is exchanged regarding experience er church or endangering its spir- in one part of the world or itual vitality, rather tend to the another, and the Council hopes to strengthening of its life and to the fulfil its own part in this work of encouragement of its autonomy.

mutual education. The'first thing But these are merely general prin- needed, however, seems to me to be ciples. What is needed now is the that every mission board should most careful examination, which address itself to the question, how cannot of course be done only by do these findings on religious edu- the boards in the West, but de- cation bear upon the work in dif- mands the collaboration of the ferent parts 'of the world commit- Christian councils and church or- ted to our charge? ganizations in the East, as to what As to the immediate responsi- modes of missionary service and bility of the International Mission- what modes of financial subsidy ary Council in this connection, two are helpful and what modes are things have already been begun. hurtful. I do not of course pre- The first is the provision of a tend that nothing has been done simple manual on religious educa- on this subject. Obviously that tion expressing broadly the views would be untrue. In a subject on the subject which are contained where there is now a very large in the Jerusalem findings divested area of common ground in princiof any professional or technical ple, we need a most rigorous exlanguage; the second, the under- amination of our own practice in taking of an inquiry into govern- the light of those principles which ment restrictions on religious edu- are commonly accepted, and the translation of them into detail in cation. respect of our own practices. Younger and Older Churches Similarly (and it is simply the A second great area on which other side of the same question), I thought and action by the boards look forward to the missionary are demanded is that of the rela- constituency and the boards in the tion between the younger and older West receiving clear and detailed churches. One of the most impor- views from the Christian councils tant lines of action was suggested and other bodies representing the to the Jerusalem meeting by the younger churches as to the nature resolution brought forward by the of the help which they desire.

Committee of Reference and Coun- Take again that section of the sel of North America and spon- Jerusalem findings which deals sored by Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer- with the relation of Christian mis- the resolution demanding a thor- sions to the growing industrialism ough study of the whole basis of of the East and Africa. My im-

pression is that the mere formula- tries and in some dmroarweitnhgantoogtehtehres~ tion of clear principles on this is for the closer issue as was done at Jerusalem has of the missionary forces with those already been of high service to the who in a Christian spirit are admissionary cause. It has come as dressing themselves to the tasks of a pleasant surprise to bodies of social reform. Both movements people who have long worked at have much to learn from one these questions and who never another. Already the action taken thought that the missionary move- at Jerusalem has brought the ment was interested in them. It International Missionary Council has strengthened the hands of peo- closer to the other great internaple all over the world who are tional Christian movement which standing for human justice and centered in Stockholm (the Unithe removal of oppression. The versal Conference on Christian most immediately practical issue, Life and Work) than anything else which arises out of the Jerusalem could have done.

findings on this subject, relates to Rural Work the proposed establishment of a bureau in connection with the In- Very similar are the tasks which ternation'aJ Missionary Council for await the boards in the develop- the study of economic and social ment of rural work. I confess that problems in the mission field. Plans I envy the possibility which lies are now being worked out for the especially before the American establishment of this bureau and missionary boards here, for the will in due course be submitted to reason that the conditions of the national bodies which consti- American life have created a mass tute the International Missionary of experience in this field which is Council for their approval. The not so accessible to those who live, case for this bureau is simply that as in Britain, in much more highly on some such action depends the urbanized and less rural societies.

ability of the missionary movement As I understand the message given to pass from the stage at which it by the spokesmen for the rural enunciates general principles to the areas at Jerusalem, they are ask- stage at which it is able to trans- ing for something much more than late principles into detailed action. technical agriculturalists; they are There is an immense amount of asking for profound thought on knowledge of these subjects avail- what is involved in the building up able within the ranks of mission- of a Christian rural community.

aries all over the world, but there All experience goes to show that is an almost complete lack of experiments carried out in this means for focussing this knowl- realm of life in one country are edge. We need the bureau and we valuable in another, not necessari- need also a clear policy as to the ly for the purpose of direct imita- nature of the tasks which call in tion but as stimulus and sugges- the mission field for specially tion.

trained workers, as to the nature Another line of work which of the training they should receive faces the boards is that connected and the auspices under which they with the organization of mission- should be sent. ary cooperation. One can well ap- A very great need in all coun- preciate the disquiet caused in

AFTER JERUSALEM, WHAT?

some quarters by the amount of ting far beyond the ken of the rank demand made on missionary bud- and file of the supporters of misgets for international and national sions. I believe the ordinary edumissionary cooperation. "T 0 0 much 'overhead' " is the challenge cated layman regards the work of missionary cooperation as a remade, and it is difficult not to sym- markable proof of the good sense pathize with it. Nevertheless we of missionaries, of which he was are faced with a perfectly clear not in all cases previously aware. issue. Our Christianity is divided. We deplor!,! it, and we are working The central work of Jerusalem always toward the unity of Chris- lay in issues that lie deeper, in the tendom, but as practical men and realm of the Christian message. women we know that the long established disunion of the Church Let us recognize that in the unanicannot be healed in a day. Either mous acceptance of this statement we must consent to the baleful the Christian forces have very defieffect of this division being felt in nitely thrown down the gauntlet every department of our work, and to the champions of some of the consent to an almost complete loss most influential modes of thought of ,the efficiency and concentration in our modern world. A man must which ought to wait on our efforts, be both blind and deaf who does or we must take the best means not realize that there is much in available to prevent the worst con- our modern world which goes dead sequences of this disunion by against the whole idea of a unique achieving such a degree of common and universal faith. To many sinthought and prayer and action as cere minds such an idea seems alis possible to us. There can surely most grotesque. I do not refer be no doubt that that is the motive here to those who have succumbed out of which the Foreign Missions to the baser forms of secularism, Conferences in the different coun- and who do not think about relitries, the National Christian Coun- gion at all, but to those to whom cils, and the International Mis- relativism in one form or another sionary Council itself, have arisen. has become a rule of thought and The determination of Christians who have little use for anything to be about their common task to- ultimate or finally normative. I gether is finding this mode of ex- think also of those who through pression in the missionary enter- the study of anthropology, or else prise. It is, however, obviously through popular books, have be, necessary that if there is to be co- come convinced that religion is a operation, it shall be efficient, and part of culture, and is local as culthat the mission boards, and I tures are. Looked at straightly would add churches in the field, and without any self-deception, shall see to it that the instruments this task of commending to the of their cooperative activities are serious mind of our generation the adequately staffed and adequately uniqueness and universality of the financed. Christian faith is one of the most difficult in the world. Some of us One of the British missionary think that the work done at Je- rusalem gives us a fresh start, and secretaries has called attention to we should like to see the ablest the danger of plans for missionary minds in Christendom enlisted in work, including cooperation, get- this work, including many who

have given little thought to the and tradition an enrichment of great underlying ideas of the mis- life rather than a cause for derisionary movement. We need this sion. Nothing is sadder than a work to be done if the Church in child who has learned the language the West is to be held for the mis- of racial superiority. sionaryenterprise. We need it no less if the younger churches of the Last of all I am inclined some- East are to be enabled to under- times to wonder whether people take their task of evangelism and who sit and listen to missionary apologetic in the face of religious addresses, give money to missions philosophies which have the sup- and pray for the coming of the port of immemorial use and sanc- Kingdom of God, realize, as they tity, or in the face of the intoxicat- must in these modern days, all that ing doctrines of modern secular is involved in the emergence, as a thought. To us in the West per- major factor in missionary policy, haps the greatest immediate call is of the Church in Asia and Africa. to take seriously the apologetic Bitter and disillusioned men are task in the face of secularism. It saying in India or China that the is not enough to deplore the secu- Christians of America and Britain lar temper of much of modern life. will only give to missionary work We must meet it in its noblest rep- if they can control it. Some of us resentatives, and labor without have replied that people who have resting until we have convinced given their money and their sons these men that in Christ, as in and daughters to missionary work, none other, is the Way, the Truth desire only that these services and and the Life. these resources should be used for the work of the Kingdom of God, I am not sure that along all the and that they desire only to be other lines of thought of the J e- sure that a right use is being made rusalem meeting, the major task of them. Are we right in saying does not lie with the individual this? Is there the humility and Christian rather than with the spiritual passion in our churches mission board or church council in which will enable Western Chrisso far as missionary work is in- tendom to make in this new day fluenced by Christian life in the an even greater and better thing West. We shall make little of re- out of the international partnerligious education in the mission ship in Christian work which is the modern missionary movement, field if we are silently surrender- than their fathers made of the mising the reality of religious educa- sionary work of an older generation in our own homes and schools. tion under perhaps simpler condi- No amount of research into the tions. We face here something etiology of the race problem will much more fundamental than the take us very far if we do not ad- devising of policies for the devoludress ourselves to the more elemen- tion of authority from mission to tary task of ridding our own minds church. Weare called as never of race prejudice, of opening to before to accept with all our hearts foreigners within our gates the the words of St. Paul-"We preach fountains of Christian hospitality, not ourselves but Christ Jesus our and of bringing up our children so Lord, and ourselves your servants that they find in the variety of the nations, in color, language, custom for Jesus' sake."

GOSPEL FOR A CHANGING

BY REV. ROBERT H. GLOVER, M.D., F.R.G.S., Philadelphia, Pa.

.ti88i8tant Home Director oj the Ohina Inland Mission O N A recent revisitation of the binding condemned, torture of Orient, after an absence of prisoners on trial forbidden, even some years, we were pro- idols are thrown aside and temples foundly impressed by the changes are being renovated and converted that are sweeping over its lands into schools or lecture halls, and and peoples. We found the China their grounds into public recreaof twenty or even ten years ago no tion parks. longer existing. The whole coun- The glimpses we got of the other try and its people-the field known Oriental countries showed changes best to us by reason of years of of the same drastic nature taking labor there-are taking on a strik- place-in Japan, in Korea, in the ingly new aspect with an increas- Philippines, in India, in Egypt and ing adoption of Western ideas and the Levant–as in China. The modes of living. whole missionary world is in the ferment of a complete material In city after city the old narrow and social reconstruction. streets have been converted into broad, well paved thoroughfares, Loss or Gain-Which 1 lined with modern stores displaying all kinds of Western goods. Is not all this very encouraging? From certain points of view, yes. Many a venerable city wall, which But from the missionary viewhad stood unchanged for a thou- point, not unconditionally so. The sand years or more, has been lev- elled and made into a boulevard devil has not decamped along with for motor vehicles. 'several of the the old evil practices. He has hitherto most backward provinces simply adapted himself cleverly to of the far interior now boast hun- the changed conditions by introdreds of miles of excellent motor ducing, in place of the old, a whole roads connecting their principal series of new vices and tempta- cities. It can be only a short time tions in the shape of foreign rum, until overland travel throughout narcotics and cigarettes, harlotry that vast country will be com- and lewd picture shows, immoral pletely revolutionized-a prospect and atheistic books, and a host of which has its obvious bearing upon other importations of a like damnmissionary work. ing nature. If the emissaries of these things are allowed to outdo We witnessed not only new the messengers of the Cross in taktransportation, but new dress, new ing advantage of today's new faetiquette, new social and moral cilities and means of access, then ideas, new commerce, new indus- try, and new education were every- had it been better far for those where in evidence. A drastically unhappy lands if the old conditions new political system is also in had never given place to the new.

process of being put to trial-with Let us not be deceived into imwhat success time will reveal. The agining that even the commendable queue has been discarded, foot- material changes are in themselves 767

capable of bringing to the people during this visit to a changed and of the Orient that spiritual renew- changing Eastern world was that al which is their crying need. of the imperative need of restoring Motor cars, electric lights, aero- evangelism to its rightful place at planes, fountain pens, thermos the center of all missionary effort.

bottles and a thousand other such It is common knowledge that things, whether singly or in com- during recent years direct evanbination, will not lead one Chinese gelism has by many mission_ary or Indian or Arab a step nearer 'to agencies been pushed more and the Saviour. On the contrary, more into the background in favor these innovations have sometimes of a more popular program of higher education, social service helped to make them less suscept- and industrialism, until these latible to the Gospel than before.

Civilized Heathenism ter have come to absorb very large- In a large and most imposing ly the time and strength of the Buddhist temple built partly with missionary body. There has been, American materials, richly deco- in some quarters, a disposition. to rated and lighted by electricity, regard missionaries who have we watched a Chinese family of continued to make evangelism up-to-date Western dress and edu- their chief concern as painfully cation alight from their handsome old-fashioned, and their work- well, of rather negligible value, to motor car and prostrate them- say the least. But the spiritually selves before the idol shrines, along discerning eye can hardly fail to with ignorant peasant folk in see in what has lately transpired home-spun garments and bare in China a clear vindication of the feet. Here was advanced civiliza- evangelistic policy and method. tion stalking hand-in-hand with Suddenly, under the stress of the degrading idolatry. anti-foreign agitation, the mis- sionaries were compelled to evacu- It was another reminder that ate and their personal activities in civilization with all its concomi- the field came to a standstill. tants is no solution to the needs Many huge mission plants, with of the Far East. We found at the highly equipped and costly instituheart of the new Orient the same tions of learning, were either deignorance, superstition and idol- stroyed or badly damaged. A numatry, the same corruption, cruelty ber of the surviving schools and and inhumanity, the same selfish- colleges remain closed to this day, ness, suffering and despair as we while others have passed into the had met with in the old Orient of hands of Chinese who are neither years ago. With all the changes able nor disposed to carry them on that have come, human nature has along the line of their original remained the same. The root dif- Christian purpose. All this repreficulty with every individual and sents an enormous waste of misevery nation is sin, and the only sionary money and energy. cure for sin is a new creation through faith in Christ, the living Saviour. The CriteriQn of Missionary Success The Place of Evangelism In our recent extended tour we The conviction that burned it- were strongly convinced that the self deeper than ever into our soul truest criterion of a missionary's

THE GOSPEL FOR A CHANGING WORLD

success is measured by the degree would have us shift the emphasis in which his efforts have been the from the individual to the commeans of planting the seed of liv- munity, and tell us that social ing truth of Christ in human service and the diffusion of a broad hearts, with the result that indi- Christian spirit are more imporviduals have been truly regener- tant than the preaching of some ated, and have united in indige- particular dogma, however good nous churches that will propagate that may be. And so the term "sotheir faith, win others to Christ, cial gospel" is much in vogue as a and exert a vital and growing spir- fancied improvement upon the itual and moral influence in the Gospel in its older conception. We community and nation. Such re- protest against the presumption of sults abide and will increase long prefixing any delimiting adjective after the missionary has passed off to the "Gospel." There is only one the scene. Gospel, and that is the Gospel of the saving grace and power of We do not disparage educational Jesus Christ. work. We value it highly in its true place and proportion. But we We recognize the social, indusare convinced that in the mission- trial, political and other implicaary program of late years it has tions of the Gospel, but as for the been greatly overstressed, and de- term "applied Christianity," used veloped so disproportionately to in certain quarters, as if it denoted the work of evangelism and the some special brand of Christianity, building up of an indigenous we do not know what Christianity church that it has become a pon- is at all if it is not ap'plied. Chrisderous superstructure resting upon tianity must make itself vitally felt an inadequate foundation. When in all the relationships of daily life forced to these abnormal propor- or it is not the real article. The tions, education ceases to fulfil its most potent means, indeed the only proper function of aiding evangel- means we know of any permanent ism and strengthening the life of value, of fertilizing these various the Church, and is in danger of areas of our corporate life-the becoming a liability rather than social, industrial, political and all an asset. If materialistic and ra- the rest-of lifting them to a hightionalistic tendencies are allowed er and purer level, and of making to creep into education, as has un- human relationships what they fortunately been the case in some ought to be, whether in the home, fields, then the results are posi- the factory, the neighborhood or tively disastrous by exposing youth the nation, is the winning of into the snare of agnosticism, or dividuals to a new life in Christ of atheistic radicalism. the Saviour.

The Clamor for a Broad Program Have Missions an Inspired Mode11 'There are some who insist that In these days of "advanced" but the great need today is for a mes- often shallow thinking, men need sage of greater breadth than that to be reminded that God, who of simple evangelism, something originated the missionary enterthat will indude in its scope the prise, did not leave us to our own political, civic, industrial and eco- devices in carrying it forward, but nomic life of the people. They has given us in the New Testament record of apostolic missions an in- 3

spired model for our guidance, which has filled the air about the which constitutes a permanent and relation of missionary work to so- authoritative handbook of mission- cial, industrial and political recon- ary principles and practice. Have struction has tended to breed mis- we any reason to believe, for ex- understanding and suspicion in the ample, that the sOCial and political minds of the devotees of national- conditions and problems of the ism in China and other Oriental first century were at root different lands. Such talk has given color from those of the twentieth cen- to the charge, so false and yet so tury? We think not. Then how plausible, that the missionary is in did those first century missionaries reality the agent of Western im- proceed to deal with them? It is perialism and capitalism, and is impressive to observe the high bent on meddling in the affairs of compliment which their enemies these countries, which are none of unwittingly paid by referring to his business. It is important to them as "these men who have remember that there are many turned the world upside down." things to be done in the Orient How did they do it? Not by any which do not fall properly to the process ot elaborately educating foreign missionary to do. Our con- the heathen; not by sharing with firmed opinion is that for mission- them a higher culture, or stressing aries to give themselves primarily a new ethic; not by any propa- to the task of preaching the Gos- ganda for improved interracial re- pel, winning souls to Christ, lations-unless the record of the gathering them into indigenous Acts is entirely misleading. It was churches and building them up in simply by preaching the Gospel of Christian faith and practice, is not salvation through Christ, in season only the truest fulfillment of and out of season, without any Christ's great commission and the apology, and thereby winning men thing which is most fruitful of to faith in Christ and allegiance to abiding results, but that it is at the Him. Before such Spirit-impelled same time the soundest and safest evangelistic preaching not only missionary policy. Such indige- were multitudes of men and wom- nous churches, multiplied through- en saved, and living and self-prop- out the land, will in the very agating churches planted, but nature of things "apply" Chris- idolatry crumbled, slavery became tianity to every phase and sphere doomed, polygamy and other social of native life, and they will do it evils were weakened, the whole so- far more safely and effectively cial and political fabric was pro- than any body of foreign workers foundly affected, and the world can ever do.

was remade. The recent events in the mission If we want fruit we must begin fields hold lessons of great value with the root. What a changing for God's servants, and these may world needs, before and above all all be the means of clarifying mis- else, is the redemptive message of sionary vision, and recalling many the unchanging Christ. to policies and methods more close- Wise and Unwise Policies ly in harmony with New Testa- ment teaching and example and Our observation on this recent with the most vital need of the peo- trip convinced us that the talk ple of every mission land.

CONDITIONS IN

BY REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., Haifa, Palestine Superintendent of the Mount Oarmel Bible BchOQl of the British Jews Society PALESTINE is only a very cure for them a resting place, so small country with 600,000 long will the land be small, its Moslems, 165,000 Jews and boundaries very narrow and its 85,000 Christians, yet the least burdens untold. The Israelites movement here seems to raise pas- under Joshua, even under Nehesions in the remotest corners of the miah, did not go about interviewglobe, giving rise to questions in ing politicians and philanthropists, the Parliaments and Courts of to secure their land for them; they Europe. took it by God's permission. The What fanciful imaginary and boundary given by Jehovah is from inventive stories are told in the the great river of Egypt to the daily press, with great zest by -great river Euphrates. "Ye have orators, speakers on platform, pul- been sold for naught and ye will be pit and in the stories which many redeemed without a price." No are ready to believe! We read: nation or power can limit Jehovah's "The Jews have completed all free gift or alter His plan.

plans for the rebuilding of the It all depends on Israel's spirit- Temple; in their homes, in cellars ual condition and on her relation- and in caves they are working ship to God. As soon as we have a secretly and feverishly, dressing right appreciation of this we shall stones, working in iron, brass, be able to comprehend and read copper, silver and gold, making all the "signs of the times" correctly.

the necessary utensils for the es- Israel's Spiritual Condition tablishment of the Temple and Temple worship." The Jews are This is the "times of the Gen- even credited with "having laid up tiles" when the nations are leading large stores of all kinds of ammuni- and Israel follows. Every sect, tion, guns, tanks, aeroplanes, all shade or form of movement withready for the great moment when in present-day Christendom finds the call of their chosen leader will its counterpart or echo within come, to rise and kill the Moslems Jewry-orthodoxy, ultra-orthodoxy and Christians, occupy the holy of the most obscure kind, reform, places and defy the whole world. radicalism carelessness and indif- '

People are writing to us to ask ference, even a Jewish Science if these things are true. We have Synagogue, as well as "Recon- even received warnings, advising cilers." In the Political world, the us to have nothing to do with this Jew, while susceptible to things movement on the ground that it spiritual,is easily led by the Gen- is the beginning of the Antichrist. tiles because of his old malady: So long as the Jewish people con- "We will be like the nations," to tinue to wander knocking at the which God replied: "It will never courts of Europe, begging and be." looking to the world's politicians We recommend watchmen upon and the nations of the earth to se- the walls of Zion to study these 771

periods in modern Palestinian his- Government, the headquarters of tory: all the various religious bodies and representatives of every shade and (1) 1914-1917. The beginning form within Christendom as well of the war, the barrenness of the as in Judaism. But she is not now country, the fewness of the people leading or producing in any tangithat remained, the aged and the ble way in all these various new very young dying, also the ani- thoughts, in orthodoxy, reform or mals; those that survived suffer- reconciliation movements. ing all kinds of privations. In olden days Germany, America (2) 1917-1920. The Balfour and England led the way in all so- Declaration, the liberation of Jeru- called reforms. The dark ghettos salem, the first arrival of the in Russia, Galicia and Poland were Chalutzim, the great hopes. The the guardians and leaders of ortholaying of the foundation stone of doxy and all its obscurities. Now the Hebrew University. there is a great change. Move- ments of orthodoxy, reform and (3) 1920-1924. A Hebrew radicalism, as well as the new High Commissioner was appointed movement towards reconciliation by some of the Jews. Sir Herbert with Christ, now come preemi- Samuel was hailed as the second nently from within Israel and from Nehemiah. The Arabs bitterly op- the Land of the Redeemer first, and posed him. Self-appointed leaders the world follows. This may be and agitators spread many false questioned by some, but not by statements. Then came the great those who have been studying change from military to civil Israel's religious condition at close government, the establishment of quarters. They are amazed to find civil law and order. Next followed what this small number of scatthe great opening of the Hebrew tered Israel in the Holy Land is University by representatives from producing. all over the world. The "second Nehemiah" departed and the Jews But not Jerusalem !-At least, seemed to think that he had not not for 'the time being. True, it is done much for them. The Arabs the meeting place of the nations, on the contrary hailed him as their but at the same time it is "to be best friend, and gave him farewell a burdensome stone for all people" banquets. Even today Arabs be- (Zechariah 12: 2.) The Holy City moan his loss. remains nominally the capital, be- cause the King of Zion is not (4) 1924-1928. Field-Marshal visibly reigning there just now; Lord Plumer arrived as High Com- she is, therefore, "down-trodden," missioner and during his adminis- as clearly indicated in the Word of tration came the earthquake, the God. At present nominal Chris- Syrian rebellion. Lord Plumer de- tendom is at war in and about its parted. The troubles of the Wail- holy places, and so is Jewry, busy ing Wall followed and the arrival in disputations and in denouncing of the new High Commissioner, Sir one another. John Chancellor. What an amazing amount of Each must study these periods literature, literally thousands of for himself. books, in the Hebrew language, is being produced all the time from The Great Change Jerusalem is still the capital of the Holy Land, the seat of the

PRESENT CONDITIONS IN PALESTINE

the great printing presses at Tel venture still to call the "returning Aviv-the Hill of Spring. With all remnant." the so-called failures of the builders of Tel Aviv, she is still the Hill of At the foot of these mountains Spring. She has weathered the there are a few colonies established storm and her population of 45,- by the Chassidim-pietists, who ob- 000, one hundred per cent Jewish, serve all their orthodoxy to the has not diminished but increased. letter, but not with a fanatical ob- scure outlook. On Saturday after- Mount of Precipitation noon they had what is called Oneg Sabbat-the joy of the Sabbath. This is one of the most rugged They had their afternoon meal in and fierce mountains in Palestine. their houses, but when they started It has been said of Mount Carmel the meal they had it in mind that that there are no dangerous preci- they would finish it altogether in pices, but that cannot be said of the Beth Am-the People's House. this mountain. The people of the It is the law that the meal is to synagogue at Nazareth, in their be begun and finished and closed rage, took the Lord of Glory and with prayer at the same place. wanted to throw him down head- Each one brings a part of his relong from that terrible mountain past to the People's House and peak. From this height, the whole there they sing Hymns to the glory of the surrounding country is open of the Sabbath, exalting God, and to view. If one is brave enough to then they dance with ecstatic joy climb to the very top, he has a before the Lord. most wonderful view of the whole plains of J ezreel, Gennesereth, Es- This orthodox idea of "Oneg Sabdraelon and Megiddo, including bat" has got hold of the Jews in the mountains of Gilboa, Carmel Palestine, and now they have and Samaria, yea, even the hills several in Tel Aviv, with that great of Moab beyond the Jordan. From poet Bialik at the head of it. They here we could see now, the "Tents have it also in various parts of the of Israel," the many Jewish col- country. onies. Forty thousand Zionist- Chalutzim, laboring with all the Many False Messiahs fibre of their being, reclaiming the land, "Thy land shall no more be Jerusalem is also productive, but termed desolate," rebuilding their of the obscure, the useless, the false national home. He also saw what and the make-believe. It is strange, we see now, that the swamps are Jewry has produced thirty-six removed, malaria eliminated, phys- false messiahs. They ran after ical health restored, beautiful all of them and suffered terribly. gardens, large fields of corn, or- The Gentiles did not run after chards, fat cattle with pure milk, them. The true Messiah came; He olives and vines. Perchance our was rejected. The Gentiles ran Lord saw too, with spiritual vision, after Him, "And the Gentile will those brave men and women with follow His light." False messiahs longings not satisfied, and further, are still to be found in Jeursalem. that the spiritual awakening would We met four, one of whom wanted come from these unselfish young me to be his "John." One can men and young women whom we understand why Christ, "when He beheld the city, wept over it." This is the reason that Jerusalem

still has a "Wailing Wall." Not day of Tabernacles, we were told only the Jews should come and by one of our friends, an orthodox wail, but Christians too must weep Jew who loves the Lord, that an over the blindness of the city. old, orthodox Rabbi, was very ill. We found him walking about rest- One of the colonies we visited is lessly in his room, not able to go a kind of communistic colony. to the synagogue. "You mission- They claimed to be carrying out aries" he said "will have to change exactly what Jesus taught and your textbooks when dealing with what the early disciples practised, us Jews." We said, "Our textbook living a communal life. We told is the Bible, the Old and New them that we believed that Chris- Testaments." tian communism ended with Ananias and Sapphiras, and we could He said, "You know, in former not hope for a revival while the times we did not read the New tribe of Ananias and Sapphiras Testament. We knew nothing still flourished. One shouted, "We about Jesus, about his claims; we will destroy them; we have elimi- knew nothing of the real work of nated them from our colony; we Paul. We kissed, we hugged and are living the Sermon on the danced with the scroll of the Law Mount." We pointed out that there (Torah) to our hearts' content. is no true leadership at the present time within Israel. "Yes," one We even worked ourselves up into said, "everyone wants to be a leader a so-called joyful ecstasy, which but no one wants to follow, and we for a time made us feel happy, but feel it very keenly." We told them now we have assumed a new attithat the Bible teaches clearly that tude. We have read and even there is One who will lead Israel studied the New Testament, and successfully, "David my servant now we are afraid even to touch shall lead them." We were thrilled the law. This is our great festival, when we heard them cry out with Simhat Torah, and as you see, I one voice, "Where shall we find did not go to the synagogue. . . .. I David?" They listened attentively had a restless night over it, I am when we read to them Jeremiah simply afraid to go." 23: 5 and 6: "Behold the day is come, saith the Lord, that I will We asked, "What has hapraise unto David a righteous pened?" Branch and a King shall reign and prosper, and shall execute judg- He replied, "As soon as I come ment and justice in the earth. In to the synagogue, I shall have my his days Judah shall be saved and usual honored place, and I shall be Israel shall dwell safely; and this obliged to take the sacred scroll of is his name whereby he shall be the Torah from the ark and will called, the Lord our Righteous- have to dance with it, while I am ness." Our last word to them was afraid to touch it." from Job, "Acquaint thyself with him and thou shalt be at peace." His face darkened and in a low voice he said, "Think of it! I have Jews Reading the New Testament begun this our great festival by cheating myself and cheating my At the feast of Simhat Torah, friends in the synagogue, by prethe rejoicing of the Law, the last tending to be ill. I dare not touch the sacred scroll, for it terrifies me. I saw, as it were, the whole night in fiery letters 'Cursed be he

1929J PRESENT CONDITIONS IN PALESTINE

that confirmeth not all the words prevailing in Palestine when the of this law to do them' (Deut. 27: recent Moslem uprising is seeking 26) . My whole life has been to drive out the Jews from their wasted; I read it thousands of ancient heritage. We require more times, but now it has come in a prayer and greater faith and wis- way where it gives me no peace." dom from God to deal with such He quoted from the Epistles, souls and their spiritual needs.

"Moreover the law entered, that The forty thousand young Zion- the offence might abound." We ist "Chalutzim" on the plains of pointed out that he had read only J ezreel, for these last ten years half the text. "Moreover the law have been made the scapegoat.

entered that the offence might They have been accused of being abound. But where sin abounded irreligious, immoral, Bolshevists; grace did much more abound. That their aim was to destroy Chris- as sin hath reigned unto death, tianity (to destroy Christianity in even so grace might reign through Palestine is an anomaly). How righteousness unto eternal life by entirely false were these so-called Jesus Christ our Lord." (Rom. predictions. Jewish missionaries 5: 20-21). But he silently shook are preaching freely in Palestine, his venerable head. even more freely than in free We thought we could help our Britain and America. Hebrew friend by reading to him Jeremiah literature from within Jewry deal- 31: 31-32: "I will put my law in ing in the most reverent way with their inward parts." He said, "I the life and character of Jesus is can understand you Christians being produced probably more in having your Lord as something this little Palestine and by that spiritual within you, but you can- small remnant than by the whole not have the law within you ….. of Jewry in the world. Now the That Law must remain an external poorest of the poor receive three task-master." volumes a month in Hebrew from He was overwhelmed by the fear the ever-producing presses of Tel of the Law. He could not see the Aviv. great love of God so wonderfully revealed in the Lord Jesus Christ. The Mission of the Jews This great fear was, how one could It would require pages to give see Jesus, if' He is God, and live. the details of the increase of pro- We pointed out to him that Paul duction and development among was actually dead when he saw the Jews in Palestine today, fac- Jesus; he could not see, he could tories, such as the Nesher, Cement not hear, he could not speak, but Works, the Shemen, Oil and Soap he received new life from the resur- Works; and the Grands Moulins rected Christ. It is that which Paul de Palestine-the great flour mills, meant; "I am crucified with the Silicate Brick Works, silk and Christ; nevertheless 1 live; yet textile mills, the Rutenberg Elec- not I but Christ liveth in me; and tric plants.. But all this does not the life which 1 now live in the flesh compensate and fill the longing 1 live by faith of the Son of God, hearts of the returning remnant.

who loveth me, and gave Himself It is a spiritual longing. They have for me." (Gal. 2: 20). come to a close realization, a deep Such are some of the conditions consciousness, that although they

have succeeded in redeeming part elections are over, and now the of the land, Israel as a people is peace is ended. The "Wailing not redeemed. We have often heard Wall" is now the trouble. Other it repeated: "We have a task, we troubles have come, but no peace.

have a mission to perform in the Peace is only possible when Christ world." in reality is crowned the Prince of "What is your task and what is Peace and King of Kings and Lord your mission?" of Lords.

"We are waiting for a revela- There has never been a time in tion." Everything, they say must Israel's history when the Jews have be redeemed by blood, and now been more honestly endeavoring to they see that the land cannot be find the truth and to come into made free, Zion cannot be rebuilt close contact with the Life, Teach- with stones and bricks. The human ing, Character and the demands of heart and soul cannot be satisfied the Lord Jesus. The Jews have, as with empty promises and false it were, overcome all fears of the hopes. They are waiting for a Rabbis, and threats of their revelation. We have heard them leaders. The annual outcry and say, "Jesus is our brother; He led warning against the Missions has the noblelilt life, He is the greatest lost its savour. There has been in all Israel. We must live His established "a point of contact"

life." which no Rabbinical anathemas How can we fill these seekers can possibly destroy.

with the breath of life? What We fully realize that there is a emotions come over us when we true "Softening of the heart." To speak soul to soul, endeavoring to us it is one of the greatest signs give our best, and yet not able to which inspires us with every pos- impart to them that very life and sible hope. Thus, we realize that liberty which Christ imparted to there has been progress and fruit- us? Why do they not recognize age. There are extraordinary op- Jesus and receive the joy of the portunities before the Church of Children of God? Why have we Christ in the Land of the Redeemer not the power? What is missing, and the whole situation is. so what is wanting? Why can we not momentous-the position so tre- satisfy such souls, hungry with mendous and crucial, that the spiritual longing? Church cannot afford to halt for Peace, peace seemed to have a moment.

reigned. It has been said that there This is our task, as Christians.

has been more peace in Palestine We ourselves, having found peace these last few years than in any and joy, must in the very words of other part of the world. There was the Prophet Isaiah say, and say the earthquake, followed by floods; it from our very hearts: "We will the Jewish people ran to the aid of take no rest and give him no rest, the poor. Moslems called them till he establish and till he make brothers, as in the days of yore. Jerusalem a praise in the earth."

Then there were the great munici- Then, and then only, will we be pal elections. Each party that able to gather, and united bow at wanted to be elected fraternized His feet, rejoicing and singing, with the Jews. The earthquake is "Unto him who loved us and gave past, the floods have subsided, the himself for us."

WILDER MEMORIAL IN

Extracts from the Seventy-fifth Anniversary Report of the Western India Mission of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HE fiftieth anniversary of 1870 to 1875, when he was inva- the founding of the Western lided home. India Mission of the Presbyterian Church in the United States He published his Mission Schools of America, formerly known as the in India, which was a defence of Kolhapur Mission, was held at his policy, in 1861 and this book Tope, about ten miles from Kolha- shows that Mr. Wilder was in adpur, on the Poona Road, December vance of his times. Much of what he advocated in those early days 4, 1902, with about 400 Christians seemed revolutionary at the time, present. but we find that his policies are the The seventy-fifth anniversary policies of the leading Missions in was celebrated at Kolhapur, De- India today. cember 2, 3 and 4, 1927, with about 1,400 Indian Christians present, In 1887 Mr. Wilder decided to representing a Christian commu- return to India and booked his sailnity of 7,500. Dr. (now Sir) Wil- ing for October 12, 1887. He transliam Wanless presided and plans ferred THE MISSIONARY REVIEW to were presented for a memorial to Dr. Arthur T. Pierson on October be erected to Rev. and Mrs. Royal 8, 1887 and on Monday, October 10th, two days before the date for G. Wilder. An old woman, Sita, his sailing, he was not, for God baptized by Mr. Wilder, was seated took him. on the platform. It is difficult to make a just esti- Royal Gould Wilder was born at mate of such a life and character. Bridgeport, Vermont, October 16, He was a man of inflexible will. 1816 and was appointed to India, His convictions were such that by the American Board of Commis- there was little or no room for any sioners for Foreign Missions, in other view than his own. He had 1845. He married Eliza Jane singularly good and quick judg- Smith, and sailed with her for In- ment. His planning and his execudia shortly afterwards. He was 10- tion of the plan were one. He was cated at Ahmednagar and put in a man of restless energy and put charge of the central school, and through a tremendous amount of during the years from 1846 to 1852 work. He never chose the easy he opened twenty-six schools as way, but faced difficulties with vicfeeders to his central school. An torious courage and dauntless hope. order came from the Board in 1852, He did not, and could not, make that Mr. and Mrs. Wilder should many friends, but a friend once proceed to Kolhapur to undertake made was his to the end. A genmission work in that new field and eration after he has passed on, we he labored there from 1852 to 1857 review his life, in the light of toand from 1861 to 1869. He re- day, and say with profound con- turned to America in 1869; and viction, "There were giants in those then returned to Kolhapur to serve days." His monuments are the under the Presbyterian Board from Western India Mission,. the MIS- 777

SIONARY REVIEW, a Christian com- Theological Seminary in 1891. He munity of seven and a half thou- was appointed a missionary to In- sand souls in Western India and dia, June 15, 1891, and reached the the products of his missionary field in December. In 1886 he was home, Robert and Grace Wilder. one of the founders of the Student Eliza Jane Smith was born at Volunteer Movement and was later West Rutland, Vermont, April 9, its secretary. He was compelled to 1822, and was married to Rev. R. proceed to Europe in 1893, on ac- G. Wilder March 25, 1846. She was count of ill-health, 'but in America co-worker with -her husband in Ah- and in all the countries of Europe mednagar, Kolhapur and Prince- he entered into a vast field of Chris- ton. tian and missionary usefulness.

After Mr. Wilder's death, Mrs. Dr. Wilder is now located at Cairo, Wilder returned to India in 1888 Egypt, as secretary of the Chris- as an honorary missionary, accom- tian Council for the Near East.

panied by her daughter, Grace. She Robert Wilder's daughter, Ruth lived at Kolhapur, 1888-89, at Wilder Braisted, landed in India Sangli 1889-91, and at Kolhapur shortly before the anniversary, un- until they went on furlough in der the Baptist Board, and is lo- 1897. During the furlough in 1897- cated at Ongole.

98, Grace secured some young It is proposed to erect, at Kol- ladies to return with them to es- hapur, a memorial to the Rev. and tablish a village settlement. Mrs. Mrs. Royal G. Wilder, and the fol- Wilder lived with Grace at Kolha- lowing resolutions were passed by pur, Miraj and Sangli, and finally the Mission: moved to Islampur as the place In view of the present inadequate acchosen for the work of the settle- commodation for the activities of the church, and the desire of the Mission to ment. assist in providing more suitable accom- On May 8, 1910, she quietly modation for these activities, and in recslipped away to be with the Lord ognition of the oft-expressed desire of whom she loved and served so long many members of the community for a and well. Her body rests in the more conveniently located church, it is cemetery at Kolhapur, a few rods suggested that plans be made for the from the home in which most of erection of such a church building as a her Indian life was passed. memorial to Mr. and Mrs. Wilder.

Grace Wilder was born at Sara- Dr. Robert P. Wilder has promised to toga Springs, May 27, 1861, and contribute towards any memorial to his was taken by her parents to India parents which may be decided upon and in 1861. She returned with them it is our desire that this contribution be to America in 1869, graduated made the nucleus of a sum to be raised from Mount Holyoke College in by the Mission and the Christian com- 1883, and was appointed by the munity for such memorial, and suggest Presbyterian Board to India in that the memorial be a church building 1887, less than a month after the with adequate provision for Sabbath death of her father. school and all other church activities.

Robert P. Wilder, the son of Rev. We recommend that, when sufficient Royal G. and Mrs. Wilder, was funds are in hand, a portion of the proborn in Kolhapur, August 2, 1863, posed church building be erected for the was graduated from Princeton use of the Sabbath school ….. . University in 1886 and from Union It is estimated that Rs. 75,000 will be required for the completed building, but it is suggested that building might begin when Rs. 15,000 are in hand. It is the earnest hope of the committee that all who are in any way interested .in this proposed memorial to Mr. and Mrs. Wil- der will cooperate with the committee in raising funds for this purpose.

World Mission of Christ out to preach to every creature

For nineteen centuries the Church Good News of God's love and of the of Christ has been in the world, com- Way of Life through Him.

missioned to carry on the work that The charter of the Church has never He began. Still the world is far from been changed; the commission to the Christian and even lands nominally disciples has never been revoked. acknowledging His rule are filled with What Jesus began to do and to teach, evil. A recent book by a native of In- His followers are directed to carry to dia rehearses, with apparent relish, completion-"unto the uttermost part some sins found in "Christian" Amer- of the earth." Christ sent them to ica _ political corruption, industrial heal, to cast out demons, to cleanse the oppression, business dishonesty, race lepers, to raise the dead and it was discrimination, cruelty, social immoral- only in His power and as they followed ity, religioushypocracy. Some declare His Way that they were able to do that Christianity is a failure. It is these greater works. Physical healing true that the Christianity of some in- and cleansing, political and social re- dividuals is a failure for the fruits of form, international and industrial Christian faith are not shown in their peace, were not the primary aims of lives. His mission. His love led Him to help The World Mission of Christianity everyone in need, when faith drew does not, cannot, differ from the World them to seek His help. His Gospel Mission of Christ.. What He began to naturally establishes health, righteousdo and to teach He commissioned His ness, brotherliness and peace among followers to carryon. He promised to those who accept His Way of Life.

give them power and to be with them The history of the past nineteen to the end. The World Mission of hundred years has proved that the Christ, as He expressed it, was to message of Christ has the same truth make possible men's salvation from and power today as when first pro- sin; to reveal God, the Father; to claimed. The history of Christian misproclaim the sovereignty (the King- sions reveals the power of Christ to dom) of God-a rule that would es- transform men and co~munities, to tablish righteousness and peace; to free the slaves and oppressed, to esteach God's eternal truth that makes free from superstition, bondage and tablish peace, to lift men to higher death; to show the way of Life and levels of thought and loving service.

how to live God's life among men; to It is where the message has been reveal the love of God and to establish changed into one that is not the Gos- His Church, composed of His disciples pel that it has lost its power. As men who should love one another as He have depended on their own intelliloved them; to open the clear vision gence and strength, in place of on the of life beyond the grave through faith power of the Spirit of God, then they in Christ, the Son of God and Saviour have lost the apostolic power: Where of men. This is the Gospel He men's vision of God has become ob- preached. scured and their understanding of His Has the Church, have the disciples program has become confused, they of Christ, has Christianity, any differ- have failed. There is no other Name; ent mission? Jesus sent His disciples there is no other Power,' there is no- 779

other Program. The name of Mus- His followers a sure Gospel to prosolini cannot save Italy or the Italians; claim. the power of Soviet Russia cannot save the proletariat; the program of Territorially and numerically the Gandhi cannot save India. In every mission of the Church is unfulfilledage men have risen and fallen; na- to look at this in only a superficial tions and programs have come and way. Sixty generations of men have gone but, in spite of poverty, numeri- died in ignorance and today one-half cal weakness and persecution, the of those living are unreached with His Word of Christ has been proved true- Gospel. the gates of death cannot prevail against His Church. In Japan, where the influence of Christ is profoundly felt, "the evan- The World Mission of Christianity gelization of the land is scarcely beis the World Mission of Christ-to gun" says Bishop Welch. Seventy-five save men from sin by winning them per cent of the people are still Budto God, the loving Heavenly Father, dhists and all sorts and kinds of Chrisand His Way of Life. This is the true tians number only one-half of one per mission of the mission boards, of the cent. Large rural areas are untouched churches and societies, of every mis- and even the educated classes are igsionary, of every Christian. Secular norant of Christ and His message of education cannot be put first; nor in- life. Thousands of towns and villages dustrial bet'terment; nor physical wel- are entirely without Christian mesfare; nor world peace-good as these sengers. are. Any missionary work that leaves out or minimizes the Gospel message In Korea, where the whole territory for the regeneration of the individual is nominally occupied, there are apis not carrying on the primary mission proximately fifty non-Christians to of Christ. Do we not need today to every Christian. In Formosa there are check up our principles, our methods, 143,420 Aborigines of nine tribes in our ideals by conforming them to the over seven hundred villages, among principles, the methods and the ideals whom no definite evangelizing work is of our Divine Master? being done.

Men to-day everywhere are hungry China is a great mission field and for this Gospel, this life, this rule. until recently had nearly 8,000 Prot- They are seeking God and His way of estant foreign missionaries. The Chilife through idols, in temples of stone, nese Church is strong but the through ceremonies and sacrifices, Christians number only about one in through philosophy and science but the a thousand of the population. Large only way revealed to men, the only communities of Tibetans, Mongols and way that has proved effective and sat- Aborigines are entirely untouched; alisfying is the way of Jesus Christ, the most one fourth of China is still undivine Saviour of the World. claimed as a mission field by any missionary society, Chinese or foreign. Is the Work Completed? An area as large as the United States (excluding Alaska) is practically un- No 9ne with any adequate concep- entered. These unoccupied areas intion of the work which Christ began clude Mongolia, Sinkiang, Kukunur, to do, and of the commission which Chwanben, Tibet and large districts in He gave His disciples, can think of the Manchuria, and in Yunnan, Kansu, task of the Church as even approach- Kwangsi and Kweichau Provinces. ing completion. It is cause for shame and sorrow that this is true nineteen Siam is occupied practically by only hundred years after He gave Himself one Protestant mission agency and on the Cross to redeem mankind and only one in a thousand of the populaafter He rose from the dead to give tion is a Protestant communicant. There are vast areas in which there is not one Christian. Eastern Siam, with 2,500,000 people, has not one resident

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

missionary. Thousands of villages are In parts of Turkey missionaries are unreached and yet the people are very friendly and receptive. not permitted to reside and it is still In British Malaysia little is being illegal to influence minors through done outside of a few cities, except by the occasional visit of a Bible colpor- Christian teaching. teur. The Malay race is nominally wholly Mohammedan. Sarawak, Bru- Africa, the huge continent of great nei, and British North Borneo are practically untouched by Christian ef- distances with vast unoccupied areas, fort and any attempt to convert the Malays in this area is strictly forbid- contains over two thousand tribes and den. sub-tribes still pagan. The Sudan, India is one of the greatest mission North Africa, Eritrea, Somaliland, fields but there are over 600,000 villages in which there are no known Abyssinia and much of the territory resident Christians. Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet and five hundred native between Egypt and the Union of South states are still unoccupied and do not welcome outsiders. Africa have only widely scattered Burma has over thirty-five thousand Christian missionaries. W. J. W. villages but only in 2,333 are Christians found. Ceylon is a small island Roome says: "One can travel from but has nearly 10,000 villages without a resident Christian and over 450 of Nigeria westward through the hinterthem have populations of over five hundred. One hundred and twenty- lands of Dahomey, Togo Land, the eight districts are unoccupied. Gold Coast, and French Ivory Coast In Moslem lands 100,000,000 women and girls are still unreached with the without finding one representative of Gospel, and an equal number of men and boys are practically untouched. the Cross." At least one hundred and Afghanistan, with a population of eight million Moslems, is one of the ten million Africans wait to be evanlands still closed to Christian missions. Mesopotamia (Iraq) is occupied by gelized. Madagascar is still threeonly one Protestant mission. Persia has two effective Protestant mission- fifths untouched by the Christian mesary bodies at work but many large districts are as yet unreached and in sage. south Persia only a small fraction of the country is in any sense occupied In the Pacific Islands over 650,000 by Christian workers. Among the areas untouched are Bakhtiari country, are still unevangelized, about half of with several important centers and the whole of Persia south of Shiraz and whom are in unexplored Papua. Kerman. Arabia is scarcely touched, with only a few small isolated stations The interior of South America, with on the border. The interior is entirely over six million square miles, popuunoccupied. Asiatic Russia has a population of lated by about thirty million Indians 20,000,000, entirely inaccessable to is still untouched by any Christian evangelical approach except through scattered Believers, who make their agencies. The languages of many have home there. not even been reduced to writing.

The J eW8 are scattered in all lands -at least ten million of them- are almost entirely neglected by any or- ganized Christian effort. The '~Chosen People" to whom Christ came are in many lands the People Neglected by the Christian Church.

In view of this hasty geographical survey who can claim that the com- mission of Christ has been fulfilled, that the task of His Church has been completed? .

Religious Antagonism in Russia The Union of Atheists was formed in Russia in 1925 and at present about 250,000 men, most of them workmen and peasants have united for active struggle against religion. About 5,000 clubs of the Union are spread in fac- tories and villages in Russia and are active in organizing anti-religious 80-

cieties. There are published such pa- who informed the delegates to the Sov- pers as Besboznik (Atheist), Antire- iet Congress that an amendment to ligiosnik and Besvirnik (Unbeliever) the Constitution is to be offered for the latter in Ukrainian. The newspaper the purpose. It is proposed not only to Besboznik issues more than 2,000,000 separate church and state and church and the journal Besboznik 1,300,000 and schools, but to grant all citizens copies. There was published 2,000,000 the right to religious practise as well copies of other anti-religious litera- as to anti-religious propaganda. "This ture. means," says President Rykoff "that Atheists try to attract people by we sponsors of the fight on religious fog not only intend to take compulsory "useful measures" and by introducing administrative measures against relinew customs which substitute anti-re- gion, but constitutionally recognize ligious ritual for baptism, weddings, freedom of religious practises. The funerals, etc. fight on religion can succeed only if linked with mass progress and with The Russian Union of Atheists is deep penetration in the masses of sciorganization for all the world. It takes entific knowledge and culture." part in congresses of relational organizations abroad and invites foreign delegations into Russia. In connection with the Union of Atheists is the for- Crime and the Cinema mation of special anti-spiritual schools Dr. Frederick L. Hoffman, of the for preparing anti-religious specialists. Babson Institute, the leading authority They confirm that the first original on homicides, has just completed a Christian congregations were no less study of the number of murders comthan "secret organizations of bankers" mitted in some of the principal cities and claim that these bankers had even of the United States in 1928. The retheir own "battle troops." There is a sults show: Detroit 228, or 16 per "history" of Bolshevik "professors" as 100,000; Chicago 498, or 15 per 100,- the last work of science. Among the 000; Philadelphia 182, or 8.8 per 100,- atheists there are many former theolo- 000; New York 401, or 6.7 per gians and Greek-orthodox priests. 100,000. The figures for the southern They hate the church and delight to cities are much higher in proportion, mix with mire all that they formerly showing in some cases percentages of worshiped. They apply against Chris- over 50 per 100,000. tianity. their studies in doctrine and church history. Discussing the reasons for this situ- ation, Mr. Roger W. Babson said that Religious organizations in Russia he was convinced that the cinema was are forbidden to form groups of any the basic cause of the crime waves of kind for singing, handwork and read- today. Ten million people (largely ing. They are not permitted libraries young people) in the United States at- and services in official establishments. tend the cinema every week; psychol- All ministers of religion must be reg- ogists state that impressions coming istered in order that atheists may have through the eye are much more power- information with which to crush re- ful than those made through the ear; ligious movements. it is therefore evident that the cinema Russian communism is reported to is the greatest force today in moulding be ready at last for an armistice with character for good or evil. In reply to religion, a change in government pol- a questionnaire sent to the principals icy, not by sentiment, but by necessity. of schools in New England asking The Soviet leaders have learned that which had the greatest influence in faith thrives under persecution and forming the character of young people the removal of the constitutional re- -the school, the church or the homestrictions on religious practises is an- 70 per cent of those answering nounced by Alexis T. Rykoff, President scratched off all three words and of the Council of People's Commissars, wrote: the cinema.

fORWOm

EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions HOW ONE CHURCH IS ORGANIZED a missionary program, a white cross FOR MISSIONS leader, and a reading contest leader.

By HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY Some circles specialize on local phi- For several years, our Women's lanthropies, some on church work, Missionary Society has been working some on the various items of foreign under a new plan of organization, mission work, and some on home mis- which is somewhat common now sion work.

throughout the country. We have a A member of each circle is respon- Women's League in which all the sible for the monthly mission pro- women members of the church are en- gram. This she talks over when the rolled. This league has one president first vice-president of the league meets for the whole church; associated with with all missionary leaders of all the her is a group of vice-presidents who circles. This results in a unity of with the secretary and treasurer make impression and allows us to have a up the cabinet which has supervision definite program of activities which of all the interests embraced in the we carry out throughout the year. league. The first vice-president has For example, each one of these circles charge of all the women's missionary adopts one of the ladies in the Baptist work; the second vice-president, of Old People's Home of Monroe County.

the social work of the church; the The circle remembers the birthday of third vice-president, of the Dorcas its adopted member, sees that her activities; the fourth vice-president, wardrobe is kept up, sends her Christof the pastor's calling committee. mas presents, and gives her an allow- Each of these vice-presidents is su- ance for spending money every month.

preme in her own field, and together The lovely relations with the Home the cabinet meets every month to lay that this brings about are of great the plans for the year and to direct value, we feel, in our church life.

all the work. Many of the circles get out to the Of the other activities, I need not Home once during the year for a speak in detail, though each is impor- party, or a picnic, for all the members tant, but our missionary work is of the Home, then each circle takes growing stronger all the time. We part in the reading contest, and each are a large church, so the member- has a leader definitely appointed for ship of the mission society is divided that purpose. Each circle buys all into some fifteen different circles, the required missionary books every each with its president, secretary and year, and is gradually accumulating a treasurer. The leader of each of these library of books on the optional list. groups meets with the first vice-pres- The reading contest leader keeps an ident of the league to plan the mis- account with each woman of the books sionary program of all the circles for borrowed and the books read and the succeeding month. While great uses every means to keep them circu- latitude is allowed to individual lating rapidly and continuously. One groups, there are certain activities in of these circles has such a splendid which all groups are united. All have record in the reading of the mission- 783

ary books, that it runs far, far ahead All new women to the church are inof the others every year, but all the vited to join a circle. They are free circles are rapidly increasing the to visit each circle to see which one number of books read. Women who they choose to join. In these small read from 12 to 20 books each were groups, from 25 to 50 women in each, not at all uncommon and there were women easily find friends, and what several who read from 40 to 60 is still better, a bit of work to be apiece. In this missionary reading done. We feel that the remarkable contest, we include books of the Bible unity and friendlineess in our church which are assigned to us all month by is due in no small part to the circles. month and our denominational mis- Each of them has its flower committee sionary magazine, besides the MIS- and its corresponding secretary, who SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and see that flowers and calls go to the the Record of Christian Work. sick or the afflicted in each circle. The pastor frequently asks a circle to take The league has one captain of charge of a meeting or to visit a hos- White Cross, who works with and for pital or city institution. Various cirall the societies. She corresponds cles are interested in the Italian and with our National Boards, home and the Polish Mission, in the work of the foreign, secures the requisition sheets Big Sisters, of the W. C. T. D., or the and distributes them among the cir- Y. W. C.A. cles. At each meeting, hands are busy while we listen to the reading of The plan is well adapted to any papers and the reports of committees, church of even moderate size. It helps and the thousands of pieces of work to set all the women at work, it divides that we accomplish each year are them into congenial groups, it looks really remarkable. We have one pur- after the lonely and the misfits, and chasing agent, who gets all our mate- gives the same sense of cosy intimacy rials for making dresses and night that you have in the work of a small clothes, and baby slips, and hospital church. dressings, and surgeons' gowns, etc., either at great bargain prices or at BLACK DIAMONDS wholesale. Each circle pays for its own material; some circles don't like Being an interpretation of the attitude to sew but make scrap books to send of a normal group of college women toto hospitals; some circles are strong ward race relations, especially in its on patch work, others 00 knitting, application to one particular race, as others on crocheting, but all are busy summarized by two college students. in helping swell the grand total of the garments that we give through our By CHARLOTTE ANDERSON White Cross Agency. and Then each circle has a civics chairman ,who keeps track of national and LOUISE LESSIG usstate and local political interests, tells Cast of Characters of bills that need our support, presents petitions which we ought to Betty, Jean . ………… Roommates sign, suggests the writing of letters Phyllis '" who lives in the room next to senators or representatives, or even the President. Her ten minutes is to that of Betty and Jean one of the live parts of each program, and she has a great deal to do in keep- The characters are typical college ing us all informed in regard to our girls and there are no particular re- quirements as to size or physical apduties as citizens. pearance. However, the girls are dis- Not the least pleasant feature of tinct personalities, as a careful study of the lines will show. this form of organization is the social life which it promotes and engenders. In casting Phyllis, special attention should be given to her voice. The key speeches of the presentation are spoken by Phyllis in total darkness, so it will be necessary to select a girl

METHODS FOR WORKERS

BLACK DIAMONDS * This demonstration on the subject of race prejudice took the prize at the Chautauqua Institute of Foreign Missions held in August, 1929. The demonstration was presented by its authors. This may be adapted for use in connection with the first chapter of the study book "From Jerusalem to Jerusalem." The theme with which it deals, race prejudice, is vitally connected with the first and second chapters of this book.

As missionary workers we have too long put into the hands of our college women demonstrations that have been written by older women. Kindly note that this demonstration was written in the college vernacular and presents the college "slant" which .is exceedingly interpretive. EDITOR.

STAGE PLOT Entrance or day bed desk- –0 chair- — Audience (This plot shows the position of the furniture which is necessary for the action of the play_ Otber furniture must, of course, be placed artistically to give the effect of a typical college room, rather than a set stage.) with a colo;rful rich voice, who can Scene One give those lines effectively without the aid of facial expression, gestures, etc. Jean is seated at the desk working desperately with the papers which SCENE not only cover the desk but overflow onto the floor when Betty appears in The entire action takes place in the the doorway carrying a handful of room of Betty and Jean. The neces- mail. She stands, smiling benignly, sary setting is shown on the stage until Jean looks up and discovers her. plot. This, of course, is a mere skeleton, and the stage manager has ample Jean–"Betty-do you 1" opportunity to show ingenuity in giv- Betty-"I do!" (nodding solemnly). ing the colorful, informal atmosphere of a college dormitory room through Jean–"If you have one more list of the use of cushions, lamps, pictures, Glee Club visitors-just remember pennants, etc. I like carnations."

4

Betty (walking over to the desk)- a week early so I'd have it when "Well-it's your funeral. Here you my guest arrives. And what do are." (Tosses mail over to Jean you suppose?"

,and turns back to the couch where Betty-"Oh, a new evening dress?"

she picks up a magazine and stands Phyllis-"Nope. Old Faithful will leafing through it.) .appear again!"

Jean-"Listen 'Ambitious,' you can Jean-"I know-ten extra beds!"

just sit yourself down here and Phyllis-"Extra beds! Well-don't help pass them around. Forty- worry about the Queen of Sheba.

three beds and 56 visitors. Even I'll take care of her. Lois will be Calculus can't find an answer for away for the week-end and I can that." have her bed. And said Queen will Betty-"Sorry, Sweetheart, but my feel perfectly at home with my Billy comes first and if I'm to show birthday present" (strutting a him a good time at our tea dance little) . "It's a new bed cover I've got to start fixing-." draperies and pillows to match- Jean-"Well, just the same, your and lounging pajamas I"

Billy-Boy would be quite proud of (Betty and Jean gasp appropriately.) you, if next Thursday morning Jean-(recovering first and picking over his toast and coffee he read" up paper she had just thrown on (opens one of the letters-unfolds top of the desk)-"Well-if you it-discovers a memo slip clipped can find the Queen of Sheba's name to the upper right hand corner. on that list-check it off and that Holding the letter before her, as if will be one thing off my mind."

it were a newspaper, she pretends CHands list to Phyllis.) to read), " 'CONTESTANTS FROM VIS- Phyllis (reading names from list and ITING GLEE CLUBS DEPART-Be- commenting aside upon them): cause of the failure of the local "Kathryn Smith-no-she'd never committee to provide entertain- lounge! Elizabeth Clarke-she'd be ment for the members of-the- nearsighted and couldn't appreciate visiting'-Cstops and stares in- the beauty of her surroundings.

tently at the memo slip clipped onto Dolores!" (leaning over Jean, who letter)-(After a long pause-ex- is still seated at the desk) "Oh, say plosivelY-Black I I" -get out your little card and write Betty (glancing up from magazine)- what mamma dictates: 'Dolores St.

"–and blue. Now what?" Clair, guest of –."

J ean-"Betty–BETty–B-." Betty-"Why-that's the-."

Betty-"BETTY – Yes, that's my Jean (coughing violently and inter- name." rupting rapidly)-"Yes-that's the Jean-"Well-but-just listen to this" first one I have definitely settled."

(pulls memo slip off-throws letter (Reads aloud as she writes on on top of pile of papers on desk- small card.) "Dolores' St. Clair."

reads from slip: "'Chairman of (Hands card to Phyllis.) Entertainment Committee: Per- Phyllis-"I'm going down to raid the haps I should explain that Miss package room and see if that pack- Dolores St. Clair, our soprano age has arrived yet."

soloist, is a negress. Although she Jean-"Now, don't lose that card.

is of the most desirable type, I felt And remember they'll be here all it might be advantageous-.''' night Tuesday and all day Wednes- Phyllis (running into room, waving day."

letter in the air)-"Listen, kids- Phyllis-"I'll hang onto it. So long- just received a letter from mother see you later."

saying that as soon as she heard Betty (sinking back into the cush- about the Glee Club contest she de- ions)-"Blub! Now see what cided to send my birthday present you've done!"

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Jean-"Well, it's not my fault. She Jean (rising and tiptoeing with ex- picked her out herself. And, after all, we had to have some place for aggerated movements almost to the the nigger. Lois is the only one I know of that's going to be away, so desk)-"Allow me to silently fold that settles the bed problem. It won't hurt them to use the same my tents and steal away into the mirror. No explanations from the committee are requested or re- night!" quired." (Growing eloquent and more sure of herself.) "This is (Both girls stand with backs to the really good! Why, my dear, it is the knock of opportunity itself!" door as Phyllis enters, waiting for Curtain. "the storm to break." Then they Scene Two evidently decide almost simultane- Time-After the contest. ously to ward off the onslaught by Setting-Same as for scene 1. taking things' in their own hands After the raising of the curtain and not giving Phyllis a chance to Betty and Jean come limping into the room as if their feet were tired and "jump on them.") sore. Jean-HSay-when you came up the Betty-"Well, we got the cup all right. But that nigger sure gave walk did you see any burglars cast- us a run for our money." ing their eagle eyes on the trophy Jean-"Well-I thought I must have been doing something with those room?" feet." (Sits down on bed-kicks off her shoes and wiggles toes.) Betty-"Oh-isn't it a beautiful "My dogs don't feel like they could ever navigate again. It seems like cup?" • the dean might have given us fifteen minutes extra when she knew we (Phyllis stands gazing off into space had to take those girls to the train." and seemingly paying no attention Betty-HI wonder if everybody is get- to them.) ting in on time." (Walks over to door and pokes head out into the (Betty walks over to her, looks into hall.) "Phyllis isn't in yet." (Comes back to center of room and her face and waves her hands in says with sly wink:) "Say-by the way-did you notice that she didn't front of her eyes.) hang around with the crowd very much?" Betty-"Yes, honey, we won the cup."

J ean>—–"Yes-and laugh while you Phyllis ("coming to" with a jerk)- may, for when she does come in, the entertainment committee is going "Oh, yes-and Betty, you were to have to crawl into the waste basket." lovely. It was really your solo that Betty (making elaborate motions of settled the question." listening)-"Pstl The storm ap- proaches." (Walks over toward Jean (walking over to Betty and pat- bed.) ting her proudly on the shoulders) -"Yes, darlin', and I knew you when–!"

Phyllis-"If it hadn't been for you, Betty, Dolores wouldn't have had much competition. In fact-"

Jean-"Yes, in fact-if they had had anyone but a nigger for their solo- ist they might have had the cup, 'cause the judges said the group singing was about an even break."

Phyllis-"Why, Jean, what did her color have to do with it?"

Jean-"Oh, well-you'll have to admit it was rather out of place. Now it might have been all right if she had been in the cotton field singing, 'Swing Low, Sweet Chariot'"

(imitates negro singing these words).

Phyllis-HWhy was it out of place?

She did it beautifully. She beat everybody else but you-and they were all white."

Jean-"Say, let me get this straight. BettY-"And pardon me while I turn Are you standing up for this nig- out the lights. It's almost time for ger?" the bell."

Phyllis-"Standing up for her? In- (As Betty turns out the lights, leav- deed I am. She is the most remark- ing the stage in total darkness, Jean able girl I have ever met. I was continues-) glad my room was all fixed up be- cause I didn't notice anyone asking J ean–"Your lights aren't on, Phyllis us to their room last night. Dolores -so, talk low and stay in here and I had to spend the evening awhile. I want to get this coal alone, and she is absolutely the most business straightened out." interesting conversationalist I know." Phyllis-UWell, you see, if I remem- ber right, these deposits under the Betty-"Say, woman-the next thing earth become coal-after ages and we JrUflW, you'll be going as a mis- ages. If it's mined and used then, sionary among the black folks." that's the end of it, It's worth something while the fire's burning Jean-"Or you'll be giving teas for -but then-it's all over. But, if the washwoman to show off her con- it's anowed to stay in favorable versational atJility." conditions for many more ages, it becomes a diamond. A rough one, Phyllis-"Well-no-I hardly think of course, but still a diamond. And her conversation would warrant then-it is possible to cut, polish that. She hasn't had the training and perfect it, so that it will be not t hat Dolores has-but, why only permanent but beautiful."

shouldn't she?" Jean-"Yes-that's it. Coal is really J ean–"Yes, I suppose that we should a potential diamond."

read Shakespeare with her every Phyllis-UThat's the point exactly. Monday afternoon. No doubt the Our negroes, like the coal, have the discussion following would be very potentialities, but they haven't had enlightening." the extended years of favorable Phyllis-"No, Jean, that isn't the conditions-and we must see that idea. Do you remember that fresh- they have those. Betty, in back of man Chemistry we had from your voice, in back of your solo to- Biggs?" night, were generations of love and Betty-"My goodness-you're not go- training, while there was less than ing to start them out on chem- a century of simple freedom for istry?" Dolores' background. But the po- Jean-"Pipe down. I think she's go- tentialities are developing. Even ing to crash through with a thought Dolores may be remembered for her most any minute now." voice. Some negro poets of our Phyllis-UOh, I don't know. It's all day will live. Their talents are no kind of a mess yet. But, you know longer being lost." -she was kind of black–." Betty-"Yes, it was clever of her to Betty-"Why, Dolores had to do all that-and all I have to do–." wear a–." (Jean squelches her with a look.) Phyllis-"–is to cut, polish and Phyllis (continuing)-"And through perfect the diamond. Our folks have had that to do for generations. the association of ideas or some- But we-why-we can help make thing, I got around to coal." diamonds." Betty-UCoal !" Phyllis-"Well, don't you remember- THE END. wasn't there something about coal and diamonds being related?" (In order not to detract from the e1Tective- Jean–UPardon me while I tear out ness of the closing speech. the lights should not after my notebook." be turned up until the characters have left the stage in absolute Silence.)

METHODS FOR WORKERS

GOING TO JERUSALEM Chapter J, "Beginning in Jerusalem," tells how the Boy of Twelve went to By MARGARET T. ApPLEGARTH, New York Jerusalem for the Passover and how the white magic of the Pascal moon Writing this year's Junior book and the golden glory of the city itself was very much like standing on the awoke within Him the startling imworld's highest mountain peak and portance of being-Himself! until we seeing all the map slowly unrolled find Him saying: "I must be about through the centuries' country by my Father's business." It is this country, as one saw the stories of ad- same business to which we want our venture tucked inside each boundary own twelve-year-olds to appropriate line. For there was a wonderful with equal delight and anticipation. moment nineteen hundred years ago By making a _sand map of Palestine, when Jesus was here among men with a cavalcade of paper dolls makwhen He said to His disciples: "Ye ing the trip from Nazareth, folds of shall be my witnesses, beginning in paper bent double into tents, appro- Jerusalem, and in Judea, and in priate Psalms chanted, etc., as told on Samaria, and unto the uttermost pages 7 to 9 of the book, one can reparts of the earth." create the atmopshere of the Boy's first trip, then His later trips; and Witnesses? Those twelve ignorant His famous prophecy, with stories of awkward unlettered men? With the those who made his prophecy come world so wise and the races of men tru~, especially Paul whose colorful so prejudiced? Surely they could personality and tirelessness carried never do it! And yet the whole pur- the Gospel from Jerusalem westward pose of this little new study book is to Rome. Linking up geography as "to prove how, inch by inch, mile by well as history with the progress of mile, country by country, they did in- Christianity is sure to leave a valudeed become witnesses of the Lord able deposit in the memory! Jesus until the map of our world bears the record of their exploits." Chapter II, "How the New s Spread," may be developed by imper- If, years ago, every grown member sonating the various characters, tracin our churches today could have had ing on a table map their journeys, a similar vista down through the ages setting up models to typify their parit is to be wondered if they might ticular adventures, e. g., (1) Romenot be better able now to keep aglow lions and Roman soldiers: martyrdom within themselves the tingle of the of early Christians; (2) shield with glorioU1! adventure, if they might not red cross on it: conversion of Conbe more on tiptoe to start down new stantine; (3) crown for Queen paths of service realizing that the Clotilda as she tells of the conversion chapters in the Acts of the Apostles of Clovis, when the Gospel began to are still being written. Therefore it spread through Gaul; (4) boy wearshould be with a peculiar sense of the ing green tie, etc., to tell the famous warm incentives and beautiful possi- story of Patrick in Ireland; another bilities wrapped up in such a study boy, in Scotch plaids. to tell what that each leader may begin teaching Columbo did for Scotland-with emthe book to Juniors. Collecting the phasis laid on the fact that each nasayings of the great heroes, linking tion passed the news on to some other up modern hymns with ancient ven- nation; a Roman carried it to Gaul, tures, progressing the map of the a Scotchman to Ireland, an Irishman world from century to century, mak- to Scotland. ing models of anything and everything, giving a clue to the pictorial -Chapter III, "And So It Reached drama of religion as it has been un- Our Ancestors" may be readily dramfolded on that map–this is the lead- atized, Queen Victoria seated beside er's task. her Bible as she reminisces to the Concretely the six chapters may be presented very simply, as follows:

pagan ambassador about early Briton: Friendship-the Quakers and William (1) "My mind goes wandering back Penn; (6) Lordship-Whitfield, who to the days of our Bluebeard ances- came from England seven times to retors," whereupon enter said ancestor, mind our ancestors of God; (7) weird and wild. (2) "And now I seem Ownership-Francke inspiring his to see the good Queen Bertha," enter pupils to see that the ownership of Bertha wearing Clotilda's gold crown the Bible entailed a sharing; (8) and St. Augustine dressed as a monk, Hardship-and what Morrison enwith a great silver cross, to tell their dured in China; (9) Partnershipweird stories. (3) "And here comes Peter Parker with the "Great Physi- Bertha's daughter wearing Bertha's cian" in China; (10) Fellowshipcrown, following in her mother's foot- Moffat becoming friends with cannisteps," enter Ethelberga and Paulinus. bals; (11) Companionship–Living- (4) "And now you must meet Caed- stone in Africa; (12) Apprenticemon"; (5) "and Boniface"; (6) "and ship-Mackay, Jack of all trades in Ansgar." A Christmas tree for Boni- Africa. By sailing these ships to face and a church bell for Ausgar will their several ports the spread of the "fix" the connection between their Gospel in modern times will be made lives and their most memorable events. more impressive.

. Chapter IV, "When Knighthood was Chapter VI, "Going to Jerusalem," In Flower," deals with the Crusades, tells in brief the heroic adventures of which wilI lend itself to dramatic the island missionaries. By folding presentation with dolls traveling shelf paper into a screen of ten folds, across the map of Europe to Pales- with an island painted on each fold tine, also as in the "Helps for Junior (suitably decorated with palm trees Leaders" the use of a cardboard flower for the South Sea islands, torii and pot with five cardboard tulips will be Jujiyama for Japan; ice igloo for an unusual way of presenting the Greenland, etc.) one can unfold these stories of (1) the "palmers," (2) the fascinating stories one at a time. The Crusaders, (3) medieval life, (4) St. chapter closes with a very brief ac- Francis of Assisi, (5) Raymund Lull, count of the Jerusalem conference at showing how these five medieval Easter time, 1928, when from those flowers were rooted in: (1) fear of "uttermost parts of the earth" men- God, (2) hatred of the Turks, (3) tioned in Christ's early prophecy two slavery to a feudal overlord, (4) com- hundred delegates came to meet toplete obedience to the commands of gether on the Mount of Olives, living the Saviour, (5) love-as Lull's fam- witnesses to the fact that the prophecy ous saying indicates: "He who loves had been fulfilled, as elbow touched not, lives not, he who lives by the elbow, and the voices of fifty-one na- Life cannot die." tionalities united in one prayer to their one God. Chapter V, "I Saw a Ship Asail- The Leader's "Helps" give far more ing," tells of the boats which began detailed ways in which the beautiful sailing the seas, "each ship a shuttle adventure may be made real and at- tractive to Juniors-for this is a year on God's giant loom weaving back and of years to make the study vital and forth His pattern for mankind." A gripping-and permanent!

little fleet of 12 cardboard ships of a THE QUIET ROOM mayflower design may bear the words: And so I find it well to come (1) Stewardship-for Columbus, who For deeper rest to this still room; For here the habit of the soul considered his money a trust to help Feels less the outer world's control. spread the story of Jesus; (2) Re- And from the silence multiplied By these still forms on every side, lationship-the Cavaliers, arriving in The world that time and sense has known Virginia; (3) Worship-the Pilgrims, Falls off and leaves us God alone.

coming to New England for freedom -J. G. Whittier.

to worship God; (4) Kinship-the Dutch, with Hendrik Hudson; (5)

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Sec1'eta.ry, Council of TVomen for Home Missions LAURA H. PARKER, EDI'l'H E. LOWRY, ADELA J. BALLARD, Secretary, 1923-1929 Assistant Bccretary~ Western SupervisorJ 1927· 1926-1929; l~ccrc~ tar-YJ jlfaYJ 1929- IN CHARGE OF MIGRANT WORK THE HUMAN EQUATION IN Indians, Mexicans, Japanese and Chi- MIGRANT LABOR' nese in hops, berries, apples, citrus By LAURA HILLIER PARKER fruits, lettuce, cantaloupes, prunes, asparagus-crops too numerous to Former!y Secretary for Migrant Work list. On the west coast the migrant Oouncil of lVomen for Home Mi88ion8 is wandering practically twelve ,Migrant, floater, nomad or gypsy- months; in the east for about six call him what you will-he claims months-a group to whom the instiwide attention in this· day of large tutions of the home, the school, the agricultural acreage and huge canning church mean practically nothing. industry. No one is quite sure how Since 1920 the Council of Women many there are of him-anywhere be- for Home Missions has been carrying tween one and two million, says the forward, through a Committee on Labor Department. Migrant Work, activities with these As one takes a kaleidoscopic view of forgotten and neglected folk. The the migrant situation one sees along committee functions in both administhe Atlantic coast Polish, Italian, trative and advisory capacity. In Lithuanian and Negro migrants in ap- some cases demonstration centers are ples, peas, beans, corn, tomatoes, cran- opened where a program of Christian berries; in the middle west migrants citizenship is evolved with the chilfrom the Kentucky mountains in the dren and adults, in other cases local onion marshes of Ohio, Mexicans in communities are stimulated to face the peas and beets of Minnesota and their own problems and help in the so- Colorado; on the Pacific Coast, from lution. Imperial Valley at the Mexican border Personnel up to the state of Washington and the Two full time workers are thinking Canadian border, white Americans, in terms of the problem nationally, '" Thi;- article appeared in the August Pr~8- one of these with major emphasis on byterian Magazine and is used here by ll)erm18' slon. the Pacific coast-this in itself has 791

meant a tremendous stride in the de- Jesus loves the little children, velopment and interest on the west All the children of the world: ~oast. An American Spanish-speaking Red and yellow, black and white, worker follows the Mexican migrants They are precious in His sightthrough Imperial Valley and moves Jesus loves the little children of on accompanying them to the San Joaquin with her Ford and baby the world. organ. Progress In addition to these full time workers there are trained nurses, social The work had its beginnings in the workers and college students who serve Chesapeake area; it has now spread in a center for a period of three to to the middle west and the Pacific eight weeks during the harvesting and coast. Some illustrations from the canning of a given crop. field will show what is being done.

Many of the students who have been California: A most interesting vain this field are now in foreign mis- cation school and clinic is being carsionary service in Syria, Persia, Af- ried on at Walnut Grove, California, rica, Korea, Siam or in the home land for Orientials employed in the asparain places of real need and opportunity. gus canneries. "We have an unusually The spirit shown and results accom- interesting group working just at presplished by these Christian student ent-a Chinese Confucian dentist; a workers hlliVe made this migrant proj- Japanese Buddhist physician; an ect vibrant with the power of youth. American Catholic physician; a Pres- byterian registered nurse; also Bap- Program tist and Methodist religious workers. Weare all working harmoniously to- The central theme of the program is gether to quicken in the.lives of these the home. The aim is to interpret in children a realization of the finer terms they can understand the prac- things of life. tical teachings of Jesus in every relation of life, to be clean in body, mind "The Sunday-school papers for the and soul. The daily schedule from past three months were given by the early morn runs the gamut of baths, Presbyterian Sunday-school of Sacrasinging, Bible dramatics, hot lunches, mento. Some of the hymn books used rest hour, story hour, recreation, on were from the Japanese mISSIOn, into the evening with handicraft, Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in health talks, discussions, games and Walnut Grove. The organ was the music for older boys and girls and property of the Chinese Baptist Mismothers. The whole family has a sion of Locke. Truly this is ail: intershare. Often the boys for their project denominational and interracial school." make a little play house out of a packing box, crate or carton; the girls The Japanese Ministers' Association learn how to furnish it, making dainty rejoiced that something concrete was curtains, and slips for the tiny beds. being done for their people and sent This little model home often gives for a resolution to the Council urging furthe first time a picture of what a real ther help. home is, an idea of living amid surroundings a bit more spacious than a "La Casa de Los Ninos" (the House crude one-room shack. of the Children) at Dos Palos, Cali- fornia, was dedicated a year ago. The workers try to instill in the chil- "That tiny tent erected on a ranch dren the practical ideals of world far from town and gay with flags, friendship and appreciation of others flowers and pictures that serves the who, to them, may seem different. tiny tots of the ranch workers as a One hymn that is a universal favorite day nursery and kindergarten is a necessary institution in thjs commuill: nity. The people to whose service it is given are wondering why it is there. They are slow of heart to believe what we know so well, that the most valu-

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

able crop on any ranch is the children. thing to do with us today. I thought "Cristo Me Ama," (Jesus Loves Me) we just learned the story because it was sung by all in Spanish, then "My sounded interesting, but now I see Country 'Tis of Thee" was sung in what you mean. Why, if we obeyed very gpod English by many of the the verses in that story, there Mexican school children and the wouldn't be any war or any murder Lord's Prayer concluded the service. or anything bad. Why, it would just Oregon: "In the hop yards at New- be heaven.' One girl who had not berg through the cooperation of the spoken but who had listened intently grower and local committee with the said, 'But do Americans know that it Council, the work among the pickers means love people today?' "

has been carried forward most suc- "A Mexican child was brought to a cessfully; for the past two years it vacation school in the San Joaquin, has been financed entirely by the evidently she felt some difference be- owner who has asked for the con- tween her reception and that of the tinued supervision of the Council." other children. She heard the story New Jersey: A new center was of Christ blessing little children and opened with Italian cranberry pickers was much impressed. Someone took at Pemberton, N. J. An old barn was transformed as if by magic into an her to Sunday-school and there wa·s attractive center. decided objection to a Mexican child. Maryland: At Hurlock, trained She marched up to the Superintendent young Negro college women face the and demanded. 'Is it true that Jesus very real need of a primitive group of loves only little white children?' She their own people. To quote from :i was assured it was not true; without diary of a worker, "Dinner hour ar- a word of explanation she marched out rived. The children shook hands with and returned with four other Mexican the soap and towels. All stood until children saying, 'I wasn't going to grace was said. Some began to drink bring them until 1 knew.' " their soup out of the bowls; others ate properly. The larger boys and girls There is a great deal of talk concleaned up the dishes and we got the cerning the teachings of Jesus. Here house in readiness for Sunday is a chance to exemplify them. . Here school." is the chance for a church that wants to do a real job. Programs may vary, In addition to progress in the actual principles remain the same. Here is field there has been a growing interest the chance for the Christian folk in a and cooperation by such groups as the community to get right down to earth Consumer's League and the Children's Bureau at Washington. Papers have and see that the local employer of been presented at two Conferences of labor gives his people the right kind the National Conference of Social of living and working conditions, and Work. to see that the churches are forward- looking in their approach to these Religion cannot be a theoretical neglected folk. Let a text from thing with these groups; it must be Leviticus sent by a former worker now real. When Christ was here He not in a Presbyterian junior college at only preached, but He healed the sick Beirut, Syria, illumine the obligation to our "Nomad Neighbors."

and fed the multitude. "The subject "And if a stranger sojourn with of the lesson was the Good Samaritan. thee in your land ye shall not vex him.

After I had tried to get them to see But the stranger that dwelleth with how all the stories Christ told were you shall be unto you as one born not just to be interesting but to show among you and thou shalt love him as how to live, the two girls most inter- thyself for ye were strangers in the ested said in just about the same land of Egypt. I am the Lord your words, 'Why, I .never knew it had any- God." EDITED BY MISS AMY G. LEWIS, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York Ewha College, the only college for degree of Doctor of Philosophy by women in Korea, has added a home Columbia University in June, and haM economics department this spring, returned to Lucknow to resume hel with Miss Hannah Kim, M.A., Oregon work. Agrjcultural College, 1928, as head. A four years' course is offered and From Japan Mrs. William M. 32 have entered the opening class, Vories, of the Omi Mission, has been many of whom have been impatiently a visitor and student for six months. awaiting this opportunity. This year Mrs. Vories is seeking the newest and the college received students from 23 best methods to apply in the kinderdifferent high schools, 11 of them gartens and tuberculosis sanatoria of Christian schools. Ewha is taxed to the Omi Mission, where very high ctlpacity now with 138 students and standards prevail. hopes that the plans for merging her students in the prospective union Miss Chie Utsumi, a graduate of women's college will soon materialize. the Woman's Christian College of The beautiful site of 50 acres just out- Japan, is in the United States on the side of Seoul has been ready for some Vassar College Scholarship in Physiyears, and a campaign for buildings cal Education. to put on it is now started. Miss Helen Kim, M.A., Boston University, Miss Eiko Sugimori, one of the 1925, is dean of the college, which is four alumnre on the faculty of the the alma mater of many of the leaders Woman's Christian College of Japan, in Christian work in Korea. was the representative of the Young Women's Christian Association at the *** World Conference in Budapest.

For the first time since its organiza- Miss Ding Yu-dji, Ginling, 1926, tion in 1923 the Korean Y. W. C. A. one of the alumnre who did much for will have a trained secretary. Miss Ginling in the summer of 1927, is Sungsil Kim, Mount Holyoke College, working with the Y. W. C. A. She 1929, has just returned to Korea for has been in the United States and is this work. The Korean Association now in England for study. is unique among those affiliated with the World's Committee in that it was Of the 27 graduates of Ginling Colorganized and has been carried on al- lege this year 21 are going into 19 most without help from ouh,ide of schools to teach, three into Y. W. C. Korea. Mrs. Pilley Choi and Miss A. work, one going into medicine, one Helen Kim were leading spirits in its into literature, and only one not quite organization and have been active in the work of the Association ever since. decided. The graduating class at Ginling this year made a gift of two hundred dol- lars for a bell. At the tenth reunion Ii Reunion Scholarship of one hundred dollars was given.

PERSONAL MENTION Among the officers of the National IMPRESSIONS OF THE NATIONAL Christian Council of China we find CHRISTIAN COUNCIL OF CHINA Miss Yi-fang Wu, Ph.D., President "It was difficult to believe that we of Ginling College. were attending a meeting in conserva- tive, slow-moving, aged China. It Miss E. M. Thillayampalam, Pro- was a gathering of the younger leadfessor of Biology at the Isabella Tho- ers of the Christian Church. There burn College, and a teacher in the was scarcely a gray head among the men's university, was granted the 794 140 delegates. The great majority is always presented from the platwere men and women of unspent years form. This year the speaker deor those standing in the prime of their scribed the wonderful work that the manhood and womanhood. The result committee was doing in India, in was that the sessions throbbed with China, in Japan, in South America, life. Discussions were animated. and in Turkey. The income is bud- Opinions were freely and vigorously geted for the ensuing year and to take expressed. The tides of enthusiasm care of the work that we have already ran high. There was not a dull begun will take every penny. A remoment. Not every word spoken was quest has come from the Christian weighted with wisdom or the fruit of Literature Committee of Korea asking experience, but it gave evidence of a for a subsidy that would ensure the real interest and a sense of personal publication of a children's magazine responsibility. for Korean children, somewhat on the line of Happy Children, in China, or "The two of us who came from The Treasure Chest, in India. Treas- Japan were deeply impressed with ure Chest already has five children, the number and the outstanding abil- printed in five of the vernaculars of ity of the young women delegates. India, mother and children doing They were present in good numbers, nicely. participated freely in the discussions, and hit a high mark every time they At the close of the meeting a colspoke. lection of about $375 was taken for the ordinary income of the Christian "A Chinese bishop administered the Literature Committee. A lady in the union communion service. Chinese audience said that she would give $500 speakers led the devotional services. toward the $1,000 that would be Chinese presided at the business ses- needed to insure the pUblication of the sions. Some of the most prominent magazine for three years. Another Chinese delegates were presidents of lady gave $100, and quite a few small- China's Christian colleges. Although er gifts were received. foreign delegates of proven ability and rich experience were present they But the best thing at Northfield as took a minor part in the proceedings. far as Christian literature is con- This is all as it should be and indi- cerned, was the presence of Miss cates that the indigenous Chinese Laura M. White, of Shanghai, China. Church is coming to its own. For thirty-five years Miss White has given herself to the production of "Chinese Christians have been and Christian literature in China. She still are passing through a baptism of has quite a corps of Chinese helpers, fire, but they face the future uncon- most of them college girls· who have quered and unafraid. The consensus been her former students. She told us of opinion was that "places (churches) one very interesting story about a most persecuted are becoming more little slave girl who had had to have, vital in their Christian life."-WiUiam both hands and feet amputated in the Axling, Han. Secretary N. C. C. of Mission hospital in Nanking on ac- Japan. count of cruel treatment at the hands of her mistress. This child was CHRISTIAN LITERATURE AT adopted by the Mission; trained in the schools, and finally sent to Ginling NORTHFIELD College. She proved a girl of wonder- ful promise and rare intellectual By HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY gifts. When she was still a child, she decided that her future work would Northfield is always a good friend be the producing and translating of of the Committee on Christian Lit- Christian literature. She is already erature for Women and Children in the author of several books although Mission Lands. This year Northfield quite outdid herself. The work of this committee of the Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions

only recently out of college, and she the Federation of Women's Boards of is one of the most valued of Miss Foreign Missions, 419 Fourth Ave., White's helpers. How many people New York City, for a wonderful little could, if they wished, give themselves dramatic sketch, written by Miss the luxury of spreading the use of White for the use of the committee. f,ood Christian literature into foreign This sketch will sell for an amount lands! Last year Mrs. A. V. Pohlman barely sufficient to cover postage. It gave $100 to have "Brave Adven- is hoped that it will be used in hunturers" put into Chinese as a memo- dreds of churches, and that a silver rial to Mrs. Cronk. The Central offering will be taken whenever it is Committee, itself, has had several of given, to send to the committee to its books translated and republished. further its work of translation and Last year $300 was given to put publication and composition of Chris- Mabel Thurston's "Adventure in tian literature, especially that adapted Prayer" into Burmese, and this year to the use of women and children. it is to be put into Chinese. By another gift the "Story of Jesus" is It occurred to me that many Sunto be put into Chinese. day-school classes would be glad to follow the example of the Sunday- The work of the Committee on school in Grand Rapids and provide Christian Literature is capable of al- for the translation of brief books into most indefinite expansion. It meets various Oriental languages. Because a great need, the hunger for books Miss Laura White was at hand I and not for food. Many of the young asked her what projects she had in men college students have read a great mind. She said that if she had $300, deal of agnostic and socialistic litera- that would provide for a year's salary ture, and so many of them did not of Miss Mary Liu and $100 would prohold firm to their Christian faith dur- vide for the printing of one of her ing the last great upheaval in China; own books for children with illustrabut the young college girls, through tions done by Chinese artists. She the magazines, papers and books dreams of translating an adaptation of printed in Chinese by our Christian "Silas Marner," for high school stu- Literature Society, were more firmly dents, emphasizing filial piety. Then anchored and hence stood firm and there is a delightful little Animal true in even greater numbers than Story Book for Children, wholesome did the young men. One thing that and educational, that children will all the readers of the MISSIONARY RE- love. Pretty little books for Christ- VIEW OF THE WORLD can do, is to tell mas or Easter about the size of the everybody about the work of the "Birds' Christmas Carol" could be ChristiaIl' Literature Committee and gotten out for about $75.00. Such to see that all the churches that they short stories would sell for 10 or 15 can reach send to the headquarters of cents.

OUR MISSION WE ARE sent, not to preach sociology but salvation; not economics but evangelism; not reform but redemption; not culture but con- version; not progress but pardon; not the new social order but the new birth; not revolution but regeneration; not renovation but revival; not resuscitation but resurrection; not a new organization but a new cre- ation; not democracy but the Gospel; not civilization but Christ. We are ambassadors not diplomats. HUGH THOMSON KERR.

ASIA numbers. During the last

Social Changes in Turkey months we have given ten thousand treatments to patients. This work TURKEY'S leadership in the Near brings us into constant contact with East is summarized by Dr. Lee the women and their homes, and it is Vrooman, of the American Board at through this friendship that we can Smyrna, in the following list of best win their hearts and lead them changes within seven years: to Christ. While I write I can hear a dreadful noise of screaming, crying Abolition of the sultanate and the dec- women, just as we hear in a house of laration of a republic. mourning. Every year, the MetawaIie Moslems mourn ten days for two Abolition of the caliphate and dis- grandsons of Mohammed, who died establishment of the Moslem Church. during a war over a thousand years ago. Men and women gather in dif- Abolition of mosque religious schools ferent houses, crying, screaming, and a great increase of secular schools. beating their chests and scratching themselves, to show their sorrow for Dissolution of dervish orders and these prophets whom they pretend to seizure of their property. love. This is called 'The Ten Days.' Dreadful stories are told of this time Nationalization of religious endow- of mourning-how men pierce their ments. cheeks with knives, etc. In one near- by village it is said that some even Abolition of the fez and adoption of die during this time from their hats. wounds. These are supposed to be saved and go straight to heaven, the Dropping of the Hegira calendar and door of which remains open during institution of the Gregorian calendar. 'The Ten Days.' "-The Christian.

Replacing of the old Arabic numerals Facts on the Bible and Palestine by European numerals. THE New Testament is read by some Drawing up of three codes in place of Jews in all of the 120 colonies in Moslem Sheriat law, based respectively Palestine. on the Swiss civil code, the German commercial code and the Italian penal code. Population is increasing thirty per cent each year. Present population, Abolition by law of polygamy. 600,000 Arabs, 165,000 Jews, 85,000 Entire reconstruction of the school Christians and 10,000 others; total, system, coeducation being introduced. 887,000; 72,000 Jews returned since Promotion of sports, such as football. the war. Only about 50,000 returned Teaching of Western music in place of the old Eastern music. Fostering of agriculture; the undertaking by the state of a great program of railway building; the creation of a state-subsidized merchant marine; the building of new factories with government aid. Dropping from the constitution of the statement that Islam is the religion of Turkey. Substitution of Latin letters for the old Arabic alphabet. Introduction of compulsory adult education to abolish illiteracy.

-Congregationalist.

British Syrian Mission from Babylon after the captivity. Pincus Rutenberg in August, 1927, AMISSIONARY at Tyre, connected began building a dam in the Jordan, with the British Syrian Mission, 15 miles below the Sea of Galilee, to says: "The medical work has been a furnish light and power for all Pales- wonderful open door in many ways. tine. Haifa, near Mt. Carmel, and Tel The clinic is always attended by great Aviv, near Joppa, are both lighted 797

with electricity. Tel Aviv has 100 New York City, and Dr. W. J. Van factories, made possible because of Kersen, Holland, Mich., will act as electric light and power. Haifa and treasurers for the Jubilee Hen Fund. -Christian Intelligencer and Mission Joppa will be the two great Palestine Field. harbors. Forty ships can occupy Haifa harbor when completed. Work began at Haifa in April, 1928. India Should Have Prohibition INDIA ~~pUSSYFOOT" JOHNSON has re- cently returned to India at a Trend Among the B.hils time when considerable discussion was I N SEVERAL districts in western rife about Prohibition. He has found India there is a definite movement that there is a drink problem among among. the Bhils (a low-caste aborig- peoples whose religion supposedly proinal tribe) towards Christianity. The hibits intoxicants. "Flaming youth" Rev. H. C. Read describes the Bhils apparently has broken out as it has in as extraordinarily accessible and Europe and in America. On this acready to listen, and the number of count conservatives in Turkey and Christians among them is steadily in- India, especially, consider Mr. Johncreasing. This seems to be no sudden son as an apostle of sobriety and recimpulse; their minds have been turning in this direction for some years. titude. In some villages Bhils are definitely Welfare, a Calcutta weekly, asserts asking for baptism. In the northern part of the collectorate are many large that if the wishes of the majority of communities of Bhils, a challenge to the people of the country were Christian effort. granted, India would have Prohibition because it is based on four interre- lated grounds. (1) There is sanction Sale! Sale! for drinks on a very few ceremonial THE Arcot Mission is celebrating occasions in the Hindu religion, and its diamond jubilee year. Indian the Moslem religion is strongly Christian pastors, helpers and teach- against alcoholic drinks. (2) The ers, together with the missionaries, moral prejudice against intoxicants is are giving a month's salary toward deep-rooted, and people, in whatever the Jubilee Fund for the education of level of culture, share this prejudice. the village Christian boys and girls. The leaven of Western culture which set up at its inception beef and bev- Even the Hindu and Mohammedan erage as the criterion of one's educateachers are giving a half month's tion, and which has made of these an salary, or something less, toward the acceptable luxury to some who would fund. But for thousands of village play the "unmoral" or "immoral" Christians, cash contributions are im- modern man, could not drown that agepossible. Each family has accordingly old prejudice. Law, as some hold, been urged to have a "Jubilee Hen,"

and give all the income from eggs and might have little concern with reli- chickens to the Jubilee Fund, and gious tenets and moral obsessions; but then, in December, to give the hen if law is an embodiment of the public and chickens to be sold at auction or will these things weigh and would otherwise. Probably a thousand hens weigh too heavily against our "wet"

have been designated, and by the end mongers and "smoke-nuisance" sup- of the year it is hoped to have three porters to indulge in platitudes like or four thousand set apart, more than those presented in the Bengal Legisla- the demand will call for. "Jubilee tive Council. (3) Social reasons ar- Hens" are therefore offered to Amer- gue strongly in favor of Prohibition.

ican friends at from 50 cents to one (4) The hard fact that drink is uneco- dollar, and may be given to some poor nomic, lowers national efficiency, and Christian widow in India to cheer her necessarily hampers the production of soul. Dr. F. M. Potter, 25 E. 22d St., the nation.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

At One Mission Hospital c. E. in India ~~THIS has been the most eventful HE India Yearbook for 1929 gives and thrilling year since the hos- T the following Christian Endeavor information: The work was started pital began," writes Dr. Adelaide in Bombay, Madura, and Jaffna in Woodard, of the Presbyterian mission 1883. The United Society of Chrishospital at Fategarh. During the past tian Endeavor in India, Burma and year they have treated 1,794 patients Ceylon was organized at Calcutta in in the hospital and 7,470 in the dis- January, 1897. The first general secpensary. Over 1,000 operations have retary was Rev. F. S. Hatch, who was been performed, including 44 for appointed from America in 1900. Rev. cataracts (enabling the blind to see), Herbert Halliwell, the next general many fractures and dislocations (en- secretary, was appointed from Great abling the lame to walk), lepers Britain in 1904. The World's Chriscleansed, and nine clEsarian opera- tian Endeavor Convention was held tions (in effect bringing the dead to in Agra in November, 1909, and was life) . attended by Dr. Clark as well as by many other Americans. Mr. Halliwell ::I'o all who come to the hospital and resigned in November, 1919, and Rev. in all the homes visited the gospel A. RaIla Ram was the organizing secmessage is given either in printed or retary from July 1924, to June, 1925. in spoken word. "We feel," says Dr. Mr. Philip Ralla Ram, his brother, be- Woodard, "that we are doing what the came acting organizing secretary in Master would do if He were here." October, 1925, and continued until 1926. IslaD1izing India There are eight provincial unions I SLAM is the only religion seriously and six district unions, all with work- competing with Christianity for ing officers, and approximately 1,200 world domination. Rev. N. F. Silsbee, societies in India. in an article in Darkness and Light on "Islam in India" writes:· "In Rev. and Mrs. Vere W. Abbey, who north India there are many organiza- have served a five-year term in Burma tions for tabligh, or propaganda, with under the Methodist Board of Foreign branches everywhere. Tabligh may be Missions, began the work of general translated 'Islamization.' Among the secretaryship of Christian Endeavor published aims of one large society is for India, Burma, and Ceylon on July the following clause: 'To work for the Ist.-C. E. World. conversion of the eighty millions of the depressed classes of India is the Progress in Burma chief aim of our workers.' At Karachi a large meeting of one of AREPORT has recently been issued the societies was held at which circu- by the World Dominion Press enlars appealing for 25 lakhs of rupees titled "Christian Progress in Burma." for an endowment fund were distrib- Details are given about the various uted. The following is an extract: Christian enterprises, and the follow- 'Christian missions have been at work ing summary is given, the figures bein India for some centuries. Their or- ing for 1921: ganization is perfect, their funds are enormous, and their methods of work Buddhist ……….. 11,172,984 effective. . . . Hundreds of different Animist ………… 592,822 missions, hundreds of institutions and Moslem ………… 500,592 hospitals, and thousands of workers Hindu …………. 490,857 constitute the strength of the Chris- Christian ……….. 257,106 tian propaganda. Thousands of Mos- Chinese ………… 146,463 lems have already fallen a prey to the Minor religions ….. 8,308 Christian missionary, and there are yet greater dangers ahead.''' In addition to the Roman Catholics, the following Protestant groups are at work in Burma: American Bap-

tists, Anglicans, Wesleyans, American into Chinese control is am;lOunced by Methodists, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., the Rev. Dr. Wynn C. Fairfield, secthe Salvation Army, the Bible Society, retary of the Board. This transfer and a number of smaller groups. The is said to give full recognition to the American Baptist Mission is by far nationalistic aspirations of Chinese the largest group, there being 160,656 Christians. The churches of the Christians in the various churches of North China Mission through their this mission. new constitution have established their own independent ecclesiastical The following figures are given organization under the name of "the from Protestant work, as obtained in Promotional Board of the Chinese 1926: Congregational Churches of North China." This Board will control either Area, 233,707 square miles. through gift or loan, all property of Population, 13,212,192.• the American Board in North China Density, 57 persons to the square mile. except the residences of the mission- Protestant foreign workers, 351. aries. According to Dr. C. Y. Cheng Protestant native workers, 3,538. of Shanghai, the American Board is Protestant missionary residential sta- the first missionary organization to tions, 47. place the entire responsibility and Protestant Christians (Mission re- control of its Chinese work and propturns), 192,027. erty in Chinese hands. Protestant Mission schools, 972. Pupils in schools, 40,539. The missionaries under their new Hospitals, '5. status are to serve on a basis of com- Dispensaries, 11. plete equality with their Chinese as- sociates. They are expected to be- -Dnyanodaya. come members of a local Chinese church and will receive their assign- Self-support in Cambodia ments from the Chinese Board. All questions of location, transfer, fur- CAMBODIA has its first self-sup- lough and resignation are to be set- porting church. Five groups of tled by the Chinese Board in consulta- Christian converts, centering at the tion with the missionary concerned. village of Khpop, have combined to The missionaries are to receive their form one district church, with a total first appointments to China and to reof 90 members and one pastor, whom turn after a furlough only upon invithey are undertaking unitedly to sup- tation from the Chinese Board. port. A central committee of leaders American missionaries who will now meets the last day of each Cambodian be under the Chinese Board number month. It is intended to give these 117.-Report. leaders a course of Bible studies to enable them to do the work of unsub- China Changing sidized lay preachers. Thus they will be enabled to open up new work and HEARTENING news comes out of shepherd the flock in their immediate China. General Chiang Kaicenter. This will greatly enhance self- shek, President, announces that the propagation and self-support, and con- task of bringing the country under tinual progress can be made without one governmental authority has been additional expenditures from mission accomplished. For the first time since funds. Each group of such lay preach- the establishment of the Republic, in ers will be under the authority of a 1911, the eighteen provinces are pastor who has received Bible School united. And for the first time in training.-The Call. many months civil war dQes not seem to be on the immediate horizon. E. CHINA P. Goodrich, American city planning expert, has returned to the United Transfer of Administration .

THE complete transfer of all work and property of the North China Mission of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

States with the story of the new capi- cooperative societies. Money provided tal that is being built at Nanking. A by the China Famine Relief was loaned city capable of handling the 2,000,000 through these societies at six per cent, population that is expected has been instead of the current rates of fifteen, laid out. There wiIl be 300 miles of twenty, thirty, and sometimes fifty per modern streets in the city, 500 miles cent. in the suburbs. Government buildings, modern in every particular, wiIl The result, according to the Amerihouse 50,000 employees. An airport is can Board N eW8 Bulletin, is that "the already built and a subway projected. farmers are tided over the famine pe- China's exports to the United States, riod, thousands of lives are saved, new for the first half of 1929, amounted hope is given the entire community, lo- cal cooperation and initiative are ento $29,000,000, an increase of $3,500,- couraged, Christianity is commended 000 over the same period last year. as an affair of international brother- Most important of all, 3,000,000 copies hood and good will, and the danger of of the Bible have been sold in China pauperization is avoided." during the past nine months, an unequaled number, and the demand Such enterprises are a form of evanseems to be steadily increasing.- gelization, and a very high form.- Christian Herald. Christian Endeavor World.

Progress Undcr DlfIlculties Modern Medl.cine in China ACAREFUL perusal of the annual reports from scores of China In- MODERN medicine is becoming a land Mission stations in fifteen prov- factor in China as seen in the ac- inces of China confirms us in the astivities and plans of the National surance that, though the enemy Medical Association which is composed certainly intended evil against Christ's of Chinese doctors. It seeks to unify church in China, God meant it unto all medical societies into one. It con- good. Calvary was not the only occentrates on one medical periodical in casion when Satan overreached hima foreign language and one in Chinese. self. "He meaneth not so, neither It stands for the registration of medi- doth his heart think so," but the cal practitioners on a national basis. evacuation of 1927 has provided an It aims to publish a medical register opportunity, which conceivably might of all doctors and hospitals. It seeks, never otherwise have occurred for also, to grade medical schools on a the development of Chinese leaderdual system which will maintain a sat- ship, and many amongst the rank and isfactory standard of education and file of the church members, as well as yet allow-in the major group of pastors, evangelists and Bible women, schools-of a large production of able have found it good to lean on God practitioners to supply the needs of alone, and to prove His faithfulness. the country. The Association also cooperates with the Ministry of Health Suffering does not always refine, in the development of health service and there are centers where, as a reand personnel, and supports the Min- sult of bitter persecution, Christians istry in its efforts to centralize all gov- have compromised or even denied the ernment medical services. – Chinese faith, and the love of some has grown Recorder. cold. But, generally speaking, the statement of one of our missionaries Practical Minion Entcrprise that "where persecution has been less: fruit has been less," may be applied MISSIONARIES know how to help to the whole field, and not merely to in ways that Chinese appreciate. the area in Hunan, of which he was At Paotingfu, in order to aid viIlage speaking. At Yungfeng, in the same farmers in meeting the terrible fam- province, a non-Christian was heard ine conditions, they organized forty to Bay in reference to the Christians.

5

in that city, "The more they are per- Kwong P'ing is as true of other coun- secuted, the more they thrive!" ties. There are thirty-two "worst" counties in Hopei and Shantung, be- The income of the mission was sides as many more of second grade, $626,825.16 for the year 1927, and the and for many millions there is no crop favorable rate of exchange enabled till early fall.~Congrega.tionali8t. them to meet every need. The num- ber of. baptisms during the year was JAPAN AND KOREA 3,155~very encouraging in view of the decrease in active workers and the "Kingdom of God" Movement persecution that faces believers. THE "Million Souls for Christ" To Prevent Famine movement has a new name. It has become the "Kingdom of God" move- A'GREAT new irrigation project for ment in Japan, but retains the slogan the benefit of 400,000 acres in and goal. From most unexpected central China is now under way, in a circles interest in the new nation-wide section where the famine conditions program is appearing. Some have are especially acute. The work is said that the Young Men's and Wom- under the direction of The China In- en's Christian Associations have here- ternational Famine Relief Commis- tofore not identified themselves closely sion, and while the work is in progress with the churches, but now both as- at least 15,,000 will be employed and sociations are putting themselves receive pay in food for their starving squarely behind this united Christian families. campaign. The mayor of Tokyo re- cently offered Mr. Kagawa, initiator The project is being carried out on of the movement, a position as head a strictly loan basis, and one para- of the city social bureau at a salary graph of the contract "strictly pro- of Yen 18,000 ($9,000). Kagawa de- hibits the growing of opium poppies clined, but consented to serve as an upon any land in the new irrigation advisor, and from that position has distriet," a distance of about 70 miles. been recommending many improve- "This provision," says The New York ments in sanitary and housing condi- Times, "is considered of great im- tions in congested regions. He has portance, for today most of the irri- made specific recommendations to the gated land in Suiyuan, a famine- social relief department of the im- stricken province, is planted with perial government, and they in turn opium poppies instead of food crops." asked Kagawa to tell the nation what he has discovered, while efforts are Girls for Sale being made officially to help distress- ing conditions. Thus the "Kingdom FROM the first district of Kwong of God" movement is seen to be a pro- P'ing, one-sixth of the area, out of gram of both social and individual re- a normal population of 11,192, 2,206 demption. men and 1,156 women have emigrated ..since last December because of famine Since the average Japanese, even "conditions. From the fifth district the fisherman and farmer, can read ~3,1)18 persons have emigrated, while and enjoy doing so, he must be ap- ~recorded sales of children have been proached through the printed page, ',441 girls and 76 boys. Roads are which has easy access to his home and (dottaa with these people, most of them his leisure. The Christian forces of lbound for Manchuria, though none Japan have awakened to the value of are sure they will arrive. A cart load reading matter in determining a na- of 13 girls, seen on the way to a dis- tion's future. Five books on the Ser- tant province, were from 15 to 20 mon on the Mount have appeared in years of age, and would bring fifty to the past year, each from a different sixty dollars, Such carts are numer- point of view, and each valuable. ous, not to speak of more numerous Kagawa's newest book, "New Life ·wheelbarrows. What is described of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Through God," 200 pages, is to be cate channels through which the relipublished in a million copies and gious message is given directly to the girls. The baptisms this year number sold for 10 sen (5 cents). His tracts, twenty-seven. Forty-seven students a dozen of them, treating of various have been helping in eighteen differphases of Christian life and experi- ent places either in Sunday-school ence, have been printed in five million classes or by music."-Japan Mission lots and are being broadcast every- News Bulletin. where.-Christian Century.

The New Tokyo Y. M. C. A. Money Raising Methods T M HE fine new building for Korean R. 1M TEUK HO, graduate of a students in Tokyo was dedicated Bible school; has been a helper in on April 4th at the time of Dr. Mott's the Pyuktong work for five years. The visit to Japan. Forty-nine years from following two examples show his in- the time the first Y. M. C. A. was or- genuity in raising money for the ganized in Tokyo, the corner stone of church. The "Righteous Joy" church the new building was laid in the pres- has always had difficulty in making ence of a large number of Tokyo's ends meet. Mr. 1m suggested that the leading citizens. Dr. John R. Mott church rent a few rice fields, which wielded the first trowel, followed by they did. When it was time for weed- Baron Sakatani and Mr. Niwa, the ing, a day was set for all to come and first general secretary of the Tokyo weed the church rice. On arriving at Association. Dr. Mott challenged the the place after breakfast, Mr. 1m was youth of Tokyo to ever increasing and disappointed to find not a single per- expanding tasks. son present, but, on inquiry, found that all had come early, finished the weed- Japanese Students' Gifts ing and gone home. A fine crop was FOUR graduates of Kobe College, grown, and fifty yen was cleared for Japan, are coming to the United the church. Next year it is planned to States this year for advanced study, double the acreage.

and two members of the faculty, hav- At the "Round Spring" church, fuel ing received special recognition from is high and difficult to get. Some times the University of Michigan, are going worshippers must buy wood on Sunday there for advance study and research. morning and perhaps borrow themon- The Student Branch of the Japan ey to buy it. Mr. 1m suggested that a League of Nations AssoCiation has day in September be set aside to go out had vigorous officers that have secured to the mountains and gather wood, special speakers, held meetings for each household to supply either an the representatives of the World able-bodied person or a cart. In one Youth Congress, and engineered the day enough wood was procured to heat first Golden Rule Dinner for the whole the church all winter, and thirty yen school. The college Y. W. C. A. has were saved in the bargain. Mr. 1m's observed international prayer days, enthusiasm is contagious wherever he and, on the Sunday evening of th~ir goes. He is now half through his the- prayer week, seven members spoke in ological study.

as many different churches on their religious experiences. The usual con- Liberty and Purity T tribution of twenty dollars has been HREE times the Japanese Govern- ment has sought to set up a law sent to Means Institute in Dondi, West Central Africa, and another con- regulating religion and religious or- tribution to the Shanghai Y. W. C. A. ganizations. In 1899 there was the The Herald Bible Class, six Girl Re- "Bureaucratic Yamagata Religions serve Clubs, a Christian Endeavor So- Bill"; in 1927 the "Okada Religions ciety, summer camps, and the national Bill"; this year there is the "Religious ''Y'' conference are names that indi- Organizations Bill." In each case the

Government has had to yield to popu- Chapel, where they went into the lar protest, which speaks well for the thronging thoroughfares and literally public attitude of the Japanese on the "compelled men to come in" to hear general problem of religious liberty. the Gospel. Through this agency Against the last bill ten Christian de- many hundreds of men and women nominations, comprising seven hun- have been brought to Christ; during dred and seventy-four local churches, the first six months of its existence took formal action. To these must be 1,553 persons declared their intention added one hundred and seventy-six lo- of becoming followers of Christ.

cal churches belonging to other The Women's Bible Instttute Com- groups. This means that seventy-six mittee also reports a splendid year.

per cent of local Protestant churches Under its care six classes are held an- have registered against the bill. Other nually in the city, for city and country religious groups, notably the Bud- women. Of these one class of two dhists Believers' Alliance, which com- weeks' duration was attended by over prises members of all sects, joined in a thousand women and girls, who slept this protest. in every available space, cooked their Japan is developing a vigorous cam- meals in relays, put up with all sorts paign for the abolition of licensed of privations, and had a wonderful prostitution. Public opinion, in which time. Including the Bible Institute the Christian voice sounds clearly, is proper, these Bible Institute classes becoming vocal. In the fall of 1928, enrolled 1,540 women, who studied abolition petitions were circulated in from one to ten weeks. Perhaps the thirteen prefectures and signed by 88,- most important of the classes is that 530 supporters. To these 15,000 names . for volunteer workers, where ninety were added later by the Purity Society. picked women were thoroughly pre- Newspaper comments were mostly in pared for holding classes throughout favor of the abolition measures. Thus the territory during the winter. These after fifteen years of effort the aboli- country classes are held for one week tion of licensed prostitution is rapidly each, and last winter reached 9,077 becoming a matter of practical poli- women in 238 churches, not including tics.–Ckinese Recorder. the hundreds who were unable to study more than two or three days Good Ne…… from Pyeng-Yang and therefore were not enrolled. Dur- THE Men's Bible Institute of ing the s e classes house-to-house Pyeng-Yang, which annually runs preaching is a regular part of the protwo terms of five or six weeks each, gram and the zeal and earnestness of has this year attained not only Korean the country women brought many representation on the Board of Directors, but definite financial aid from hundreds of their sisters into the each of the three presbyteries. The church. In some places as many as interest of the church in general in fifty or sixty women professed con- version during the one week.

Bible study is keen, and 152 men took this opportunity for intensive study ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC last winter. One enthusiastic gradu- Transformed Islands C ate, who is now a helper in a mountain APTAIN SIMPSON, who visited the Treasury Islands, far out in territory, induced eight young men from his small churches to attend the the Pacific Ocean, in 1872, described Institute, three of them coming from the people as the most treacherous one tiny group where there are only and bloodthirsty of any known sav- five baptized members. Zeal for per- ages. About seven years before that, sonal work and prayer, as well as the natives had cut out a barque and Bible study, was manifest among the had murdered her crew of 33 men.

students. One night a week they had Previously they had captured several charge of the West Gate Street boats of whalers visiting the islands,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and had murdered the crews. The from the sale of these two articles help captain, whose name the natives pro- to provide such foreign food as is es- nounced "Hoody," was carried away sential, clothing, school requisites, into the interior of the island and medicines, soap and kerosene.

kiIled. In these islands there used to Students must be Christians and prevail a recognized system of slave church members before going to the traffic in which a human being became institute for the four-year course.

a marketable commodity, being bought They are taught to speak, read and for goods of either native or foreign write English more perfectly; also manufacture. Raids were made on arithmetic, geography, singing and BougainviIle coastal villages to pro- carpentry. Knowledge of the Bible cure slaves. and Christian truths are the chief sub- The natives of the Treasury Group jects.-On Continent and Island.

have always believed in a good spirit, who lives in a good land whither all Sixty Yea.rs of Progress in Hawaii T men who have lived good lives go HE Honolulu Y. M. C. A. has just celebrated its 60th anniversary. after death, but all bad folk are transplanted into the crater of "Bagana," The first president, Sanford B. Dole, the burning volcano of Bougainville, who died recently, was known which is the home of the evil spirit. throughout the Archipelago as the But times are changed and today Grand Old Man of Hawaii. There are the present population of the Treasury now a whole series of Associations at Islands, numbering about 150, are Honolulu, one for young Americans, Christian people. They are earnest one for Asiatics, who now form the in their attendance at "Lotu"; they largest part of the population (the gave last year nearly £150 as a free Chinese Association goes back to 1876, gift to the work of God; they are con- long before the beginning of the move- structing a "model village" under the ment in China itself) and Associa- superintendence of their Fijian Cate- tions for soldiers, sailors and students.

chist; they are sending out teachers One of the most interesting pieces of to Bougainville to the peoples from work being done by the Y. M. C. A.

whom a few generations ago they ob- in Hawaii is that among the planters tained their "slaves"; in fact, are of the county districts, which is a sending back to their native lands as model of disinterested and efficient "Heralds of the Kingdom" the very work.

natives whom they obtained so long ago as children.-The Open Door. NORTH AMERICA To SteD1 AtheisJll Native Teachers for Ne…. Hebrides HE American Tract Society is T ANGOA, a small island of the New planning an aggressive campaign THebrides, has a training institute against atheism. The General Secrefor native teachers, and is supported tary, Dr. W. H. Matthews, reports by the different Presbyterian churches that atheistic associations are working of New Zealand, Victoria, New South hand in hand with those who handle Wales and Tasmania. The students do the vast amount of Russian propa- a great deal towards the upkeep of the ganda which is sent to our shores, in institution. Time is set apart for them which God and Christ are ridiculed to work in their gardens, growing such and cartooned in blasphemous fashion.

native foods as yam, taro, manioe, ku- He also reports larger grants of Chris- mara, pumpkins, maize, etc. A coconut tian literature for the past year than plantation has been established in con- in any year for half a century. A nection with the institute. So many substantial increase in endowment hours in the week the students collect during the year, more Annuity Bonds the nuts and make them into copra. written than in any year of its his- They also grow cotton. The proceeds tory, and several new and important

undertakings in which the Society is numbers of stateroom, dining and deck now engaged, have also been reported. stewards, bakers, engineers, firemen, A splendid Slovak hymnal, ranking etc., whose business it is to minister with the best English hymnals pub- to the welfare of passengers. Single lished, has just been taken off the Atlantic liners employ as many as a press, and a new Spanish hymnal, in thousand individuals. These men who both words and music edition, is now "go down to the sea in ships" represent in process of printing. The Society many nationalities, and come to New reports advance orders for over 15,000 York from every port on earth. copies of this new hymnaI.-New York Times. The New York Bible Society is seek- ing to furnish the Scriptures to these Missionary Research Library hundreds of thousands of men who an- nually visit America's greatest port. DURING July the Missionary Re- search Library was removed to Conferences for Colored Women the Brown Memorial Tower at Union Theological Seminary, New York. For THREE annual Conferences for three months the engineering and Colored Women were held in June construction work incidental to equip- of the present year: one at Bennett ping much of this tower for library College, Greensboro, N. C.; another uses has been going on. Six levels of at Jefferson City, Mo.; and the third steel book stacks have been erected, at Knoxville, Tenn. The mornings the lower five levels of which have were occupied with Bible classes, disbeen assigned to the Missionary Re- cussions of Sunday-school methods, search Library. practical talks on home nursing; while the afternoons were taken up In the reading room of the Mission- with handicraft, such as sewing, basary Research Library will be found ket making and weaving. Lectures, the current periodicals, new books, demonstrations and pageantry occumajor reference works, card catalog, pied the evenings. The delegates were and reading tables. responsive, appreciative and eager to learn. Two definite objectives were The Library Committee now con- emphasized as a means of fixing the sists of the following: Representing impressions r-eceived: week-day Bible the Foreign Missions Conference, classes and the daily vacation Bible Robert E. Speer, John R. Edwards, school. There can be no question of Miss Sarah S. Lyon, Leslie B. Moss, the real and permanent benefit of Cornelius H. Patton; representing these conferences, for the testimonials Union Theological Seminary, Henry are such as the following: One dele- Sloane Coffin, Daniel J. Fleming, Wil- gate said that she started a comliam W. Rockwell. munity club three years ago from what she had learned at the confer- Bibles for Seamen ence, and that now she could report a community house built and paid for. I T IS estimated that on anyone day Another said that she was beginning there are 20,000 seamen in the port her fifth D. V. B. S. as soon as she of New York, the average stay being reached home, and would have many three days. If one should multiply new ideas and plans to try which had these figures by the days in the year been given her by Miss Kate DuBose it is easy to see the vast number of in her talk on this subject. A third men who annually come. delegate said that she had never really known before what it was to be a These figures, however, do not tell Christian, and another said that she the whole story, for there are barge- had never known how to pray until men, rivermen, fishermen and long- she learned at the conference. shoremen of whom no record whatever is made. In addition, there are on every great passenger steamship large

1929J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK 807:'

The Menace of Mormonism missionaries and their property; and,. Further, we instruct the Board or MORMONISM is not dying out. A gain of over 25,000 adherents is Foreign Missions to petition the Presreported by Dr. Carroll in 1928. The ident of the United States, and the system has doubled in 25 years and Department of State, to take any steps now claims a total of 670,000 follow- that may be necessary, to provide that ers. Practically every new convert has hereafter when conditions arise leadbeen a member of the Christian ing the Department of State to con- Church. The Utah Gospel Mission of sider it unwise or unsafe for Ameri- Cleveland carries on practically the can citizens to remain in a certain teronly true Christian service among the ritory, those who temporarily desire 500,000 people in Mormon land. They to renounce the protection of the have had 413,000 persons at special United States, while remaining in meetings, have made 430,000 careful that territory, may do so without forgospel calls, have used about 35 mil- feiting their citizenship, and without lion pages of gospel print, and have involving the State Department or the sold or given away 40,000 Bibles and United States Government in case Testaments. Their traveling would such citizens receive personal injury; equal six times around the globe, with and three calls to the mile, 71 pages of print at a call, and a Bible or other The General Conference desires to Christian book at every tenth home. record its conviction that the foreign missionary enterprise is a spiritual The field reaches from Utah into ad- and moral, and not a political, enterjoining states, and up into Canada, prise, and its work should be carried west to California, and south into on within two great rights alone, the Mexico. The work of the Utah Gospel right of religious freedom for all Mission is first, to visit every home for men, and the maintenance by each naa half-hour explaining of the printed tion of law and order for all within matter given; second, Bible work, an its bounds. endeavor to supply each home with a Bible and Gospel song book; and third, A Friend of the Indian to hold one or more evangelistic meetings in every settlement. All work- OUR remaining Indian population, ers are unsalaried, to avoid Mormon according to the census of 1920, prejudice. Men who can serve a year is 244,437. States having more than or more without return beyond ex- 5.000 range as follows: Oklahoma, penses are asked to communicate with 57,337; Arizona, 32,989; New Mexthe Utah Gospel Mission, Cleveland, ico, 19,512; California, 17,360; South Ohio.-Record of Christian Work. Dakota, 16,384; North Carolina, 11,- 824; Montana, 10,956; Wisconsin, Missionary Protection 9,611 ; Washington, 9,061; Minnesota, 8,761; North Dakota, 6,254; Mich- APRONOUNCEMENT of the Gen- igan, 5,614; New York, 5,503. eral Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church dealing directly President Hoover's Commissioner with missionaries, reads as follows: of Indian Affairs is Mr. Charles James Rhoads, President of the Indian Resolved, That the protection of Rights Association. He has been missionaries should only be by such called the "modern friend of the Inmethods as will promote good will in dians." The future policy outlined by personal and official relations, and we Secretary Wilbur, and the new Comurge upon the Board of Foreign Mis- missioner stresses an increasing share sions and the Woman's Foreign Mis- of state responsibility for the Insionary Society to continue their pol- dian's welfare and progress. Overicy of making no claim on our govern- hauling of the Indian Bureau's mament for the armed defense of their chinery may be expected from Mr. Rhoads.-Literary Digest.

'Vhapel for Indian Students LATIN AMERICA SHERMAN INSTITUTE, Riverside, A Religious Awakening . California, one of the outstanding STRANGE movements and awaken- Government nonreservation boarding ings are being felt in South Amerschools for Indian boys and girls, has ica, says a prominent cabinet member. an enrollment of about nine hundred "Men not in the ministry of any students. Some years ago the River- church are beginning to write about side Federation of Churches asked the Christ and there are signs of a need Home Missions Council to cooperate being felt and confessed, and men are in the building of a chapel for the use asking to have that need satisfied in of the students of this school, which the Divine." This awakening is would represent united Protestantism. neither Catholic nor Protestant, and The Home Missions Council agreed to no one personality is the leader of it. ask its constituent boards to contrib- Among the laymen prominently conute six thousand dollars to this enter- nected with it are the Chief Justice prise. The Riverside Federation of of the Supreme Court of Porto Rico, Churches secured most of the funds the rector of the University of Mexfor this $30,000 building. In June ico, a former Argentine Minister of the Home Missions Council was able Education, and the rector of the Unito complete its promise of financial as- versity of Buenos Aires, one of the sistance, and on July 1st the Board most eminent literary men of South of Trustees of the Riverside Church America and author of a recent book, Federation met and paid the last note "The Invisible Christ." These men held against the property. Sherman have known little of one another and Institute is the only Government In- the likeness of their new religious exdian school where students can wor- periences. The Y. M. C. A. was ship in a Protestant interdenomina- sought to bring them together, to tional chapel, and is a splendid ex- give them a platform, and to carry ample of financial cooperation by home their message to the cultural centres mission and church extension boards of Latin America. Its reception in the in providing a place of worship for universities is remarkable when it is Indian students. The denominational remembered that for many years the groups who participated in this proj- intellectuals of these countries have reect are: American Baptist Home Mis- jected all religion as having no objecsion Society; Congregational Church tive validity for the indiVidual or Extension Boards; Executive Com- society. mittee of Indians Affairs of the Friends; Board of American Mis- Campaign Against Alcohol sions, United Lutheran Church; Board of Home Missions and Church MEXICO seems likely to keep step Extension, Met hod i s t Episcopal with the United States in an ef- Church; Board of National Missions, fort to educate her people against the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.; Board liquor evil. Eseqiel Padilla, Secretary of American Missions, United Pres- of Education in Mexico, has issued byterian Church of N. A.; Board of some striking posters in a campaign to substitute competitive athletics for Home Missions, Reformed Church in drinking bouts, and in the interests of health offers to assist intercity U. S.; Board of Missions, Christian "meets" by subsidies and government direction. These posters contrast the Reformed Church. sturdy athlete and the weakened sot. An appeal is also made. to laborers with An interdenominational religious a picture of a drunkard kicked out of a job. work director is maintained at this President Portes Gil has taken a sehool by the Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home Missions, who comes into touch with more than 700 Indian boys and girls.

1929J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

strong stand against drinking, gam- by the Disciples Church at Asuncion, bling and vice, and has already en- is a shining example of unsectarian, listed a large amount of public sup- but thoroughly Christian, education. port in his efforts to free Mexico from The aim is not to proselyte from the this curse. Roman church, but to give a Chris- tian training to Paraguayan young The Me:rlean IndJ&D.I people and then allow them to work out the implications of that training I N MEXICO is found a new interest for themselves. Although but eight in the Indian. The Christian lead- years old, it has greatly influenced ers are beginning to feel a responsi- both the public and parochial schools bility for his salvation, the general of the country. public begins to realize that something should be done, and the National Gov- The most recent sign of progress in ernment is taking direct steps for his Paraguay has been the advent of the education. These things are new. The Mennonites, who are migrating from National Government is sending teach- Canada because of the discriminations ers into the outlying tribes to teach which they experienced during and the Indians to read and write. To the after the war. These people have amazement of all, not only are the wandered over the earth for many children being sent, but the old Indian, years seeking a refuge where they after a heavy day's work, weary and can live their lives in their own way worn, comes with his child's book in without being called upon to particione hand and his candle in the other, pate in warfare. Paraguay has promto night school, a thing unheard of ised to leave them in perpetual peace, in other days or other lands. In some and they are settling on a remote tract cases, where the funds are low, the of land. They will contribute to teacher has remained and has done his Paraguay a wholesome example of inwork for nothing, except his board, dustry and religious sincerity.-Conreceived from the Indians. The Gov- gre gationalist. ernment is interested solely from a social standpoint, but at least it shows EUROPE the new awakening among the Indians themselves as well as the government's Flocks Without Pastors new interest in them. It is imperative that those who are interested in the DR. ADOLPH KELLER, Director Indians be alert to take advantage of of the Central European Bureau these movements for his eternal well for Interchurch Aid, describes the being. With the awakening of the condition of evangelical churches in Indian and his uplift the entire life Russia. of Mexico will be greatly altered.- L. L. Letgers, Pioneer Mission Agency. "While the Lutheran parishes in Russia, scattered all over the country Paraguay Ma.kes Advance as far as Siberia, succeeded in build- ing up a new church with about PARAGUAY is the most remote of eighty pastors, the Reformed parishes the South American countries, and have been nearly all destroyed. Most has been commonly regarded as the of them have lost their pastors. Some most backward. Asuncion, the capital, of them still have their buildings, but lacks telephones, city water, and sew- are always in fear lest the enemies of age facilities. So frequent have been all religion shall take them away. The revolutions that in fifty years only congregations assemble in these one president has completed his term. churches, praying and singing their While nominally Catholic, there is hymns, and looking for a pastor." widespread indifference to religion. The Colegio Internacional, maintained Russian refugees in France are said to number about a million, some 80,000 being in and around Paris, with only a small percentage in any religious organization. This presents

a field for Christian effort, since these exceed £20 per year as compared with hapless people are more accessible a probable £50 per year from her than when reinstated in their own previous business, she has found land. Pastor Paul Rogosine, at the Christ.-The Christian. instance of American friends, has organized preaching centers in Paris, In the Vosges, France Lyons, Marseilles and Nice. FOR some time Mr.. Frank Reece Mavi, the Witch has been laboring in the Vosges district of eastern France. In a recent HUMANLY speaking, there was letter he says: "The work in the probably no one further from Vosges gives much cause for praise, God in the whole province of Spezia, but also calls for earnest prayer. Italy, than Mavi, a witch, whose life During the last three years we have seemed to have been sold to the devil been as pioneers, scattering the Word himself. Her reputation extended far of Life. At the beginning of this year across the mountains, and in addition God gave us a hall in the town of St. to "love potions" or "medicine" to Die, and for the last four months the make an enemy ill, Mavi made images. pure Gospel of Christ has been pro- All this proved a lucrative business, claimed twice weekly to an ignorant and as Mavi was only a young woman but hungry audience. God has enin her thirties, she was assured of an couraged us in leading souls to Caleasy and cdmfortable living for the vary. I have just returned from rest of her life. One evening Mavi another visit to the markets and fairs was in the city, buying necessary of the Vosges, where great opporthings for her witches' business, when tunities are always found to distribshe passed Casa Alberto-headquar- ute the Word. Multitudes gathered ters of the Spezia Mission for Italy- round our little table to hear the Word where a service was being held. The of Life in different places, while we sweet singing of the orphan girls at- sold 237 Bibles and Testaments, and tracted her attention, and she entered gave away some 8,000 Gospels and the church, listened eagerly to the tracts. We are also sowing by post, singing, came again and again and at and sending out Christian literature last requested admission to the church. to some twenty French-speaking coun- It was put definitely before Mavi that tries. The French Bible Dictionary, if she accepted Jesus Christ, that her two parts of which have now been witchcraft business must cease, and printed, is highly appreciated.-The the mission could not make up any fi- Christian. nancial loss which this involved: it must be her sacrifice for her Lord. It Samokov Boys Fire Fighters was not an easy decision, and Mavi went to her home on the mountain side T HE Samokov boys' school of the to face the issue. Sofia American College, Bulgaria, provides the 10,000 inhabitants of At the end of a week she returned Samokov with fire protection. Dr. with beaming face, and said, "I have Edward B. Haskell reports that the decided; myoid business is finished. boys of the Samokov school have been I want to live for Jesus Christ." And trained by the faculty in the technique so Mavi was received into the church. of fire fighting. The town supplies She has remained faithful for over them with equipment: hand pump, twenty years, is stilI one of the most ladders, and buckets. Among other regular attendants, and has had the exploits this volunteer school fire comjoy of bringing both her husband and pany has the record of having saved her son to a knowledge of the truth. the public school building of the town. She has found an occupation as a For this act the city presented the maker of wooden sandals, and al- boys with several thousand Livas as a though her present income would not token of appreciation.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Mission schools are not conducted 9. The bringing to bear of Christian in order to train fire fighters, but as influence for the establishment of right a side line fire fighting is a good exer- racial relations, and cooperation for cise for boys who are to spend their this purpose with the proposed Indus- lives in service.-The Congregation- trial Institute. alist. 10. Prayer for the raising up of men AFRICA and women of outstanding gifts forposi- tions of Christian leadership in Africa Missionary Cooperation and support for efforts in different countries to secure for African mission- REPRESENTATIVES of American aries the best possible equipment for mission agencies having work in their task. Africa, met in July with those of Great Britain and the continent to dis- Methodism in Africa cuss the possibility of developing a larger degree ot" cooperation in deal- THE first foreign missionary of the ing with the vast problems of Africa. Methodist Episcopal Church was A suggested program was drawn up Melville B. Cox, who sailed for Liberia for transmission to the International in 1832. Today the church has five Missionary Council, which adopted conferences in Central and South the following program: Africa, not to mention the North Africa Conference. In these five con- 1. Exploration of the best means of ferences the Methodist Church has furthering and realizing the evangelistic 123 missionaries, 113 ordained naaims of the Christian missions in Africa. tional preachers and 547 unordained national preachers, while 258 other 2. The development of a program of nationals are serving as teachers, doc- Christian education in Africa as a means tors, nurses and in other capacities of realizing this missionary purpose, connected with mission institutions. with special reference to—- The membership of the church is (a) The improvement of religious 34,180, in addition to which 2,500 education. children are under instruction pre- paratory to being received into the (b) The Christianization of Africa's membership. In 447 Sunday-schools womanhood and home life. more than 30,000 pupils are enrolled. The conferences own 391 church (c) The development of African lead- buildings. About 25,000 boys. and ership. girls are enrolled in the day schools. Each conference has a training school (d) Meeting the needs of rural com- for the preparation of young men as munities. pastor-teachers, and each has an agri- cultural station demonstrating to se- 3. The development of a health pro- lected students and to the whole coungram for African missions with special tryside the benefits of modern farming reference to- methods. In 1927 the African Meth- odists contributed the sum of $53,000 (a) A comprehensive program for use for the carrying on of their own in schools. Christian activities.-World Service News. (b) Cooperation with governments in attack on disease. Adva.nce in Central Africa (c) The creation of an African health AFTER a carefully made survey of staff of doctors, medical assistants, .f. the region, the Zambesi Indusdressers and nurses. trial Mission is founding a station in 4. Furtherance of the work of the a thickly populated region known as Christian Literature Committee for Mavuradonna, partly in Portuguese Africa. territory, and partly in the extreme 5. Cooperation with other agencies in the endeavor to understand, conserve and develop what is valuable in African cultures and institutions.

6. The occupation of the field and the avoidance of overlapping.

7. The encouragement and development of Christian Councils in the Continent of Africa and the cooperation with existing Councils.

8. Approach to governments where necessary, in regard to questions involving the relations of missions and governments.

north of British South Rhodesia. The 1,619 inquirers, those who had made two pioneer workers are Mr. Edwin a profession, but who were awaiting Price, a man of large experience, who further instruction before being bapwent to Central Africa thirty-five tized. Boma is headquarters and port years ago, and has a great record of of entry to the field. The church here labor and witness in connection with has 110 members. That of Nlemba is the Zambesi Industrial Mission and in charge of a native pastor, with a the South Africa General Mission, membership of 44. A blind woman which is assisting in the new sphere; walked in two days a distance of and Mr. Leonard DearIe, a young man twenty miles, over rough native trails, who has had some years of experience to be baptized and received into in Christian work among soldiers, church fellowship. At Vunga there and is now completing his course in has been continuous revival, resulting the Mission Training Colony, Upper in 166 baptisms. All stations report Norwood. The work thus to be opened largely increased offerings, some as gives promise of extraordinary inter- much as one hundred per cent. One est, and the pioneers hope to keep in station sent a part of the offering to touch with the "ropeholders" by regu- the support of Jewish work in New lar correspondence.-The Christian. York City.-AUiance Weekly.

A Tuskegee in Liberia Fighting Yaws in Liberia ONE of the promising plans is that DR. MAASS, of the Episcopal Hos- of the Booker T. Washington Ag- . pital at Bolahun, Liberia, writes ricultural and Industrial Institute in The Living Church of the effort to to be established in Liberia in co- stamp out yaws, a peculiar skin disoperation with Tuskegee Institute. ease prevalent on the west coast of Miss Olivia Phelps Stokes long de- Africa. During the first five months sired to see a Tuskegee Institute es- of the year the hospital cared for 11,- tablished in Africa, preferably in 115 patients, of whom exactly half Liberia in which she and other mem- were suffering with yaws. The effect bers of her family were deeply inter- of the past two years' intensive treatested. Before her death she made an ment of the disease is very marked offer of a gift of $25,000 to the Meth- and encouraging. The number of odist Board to found such an Institute, cases of fresh yaws coming from provided the board would furnish a Liberia is very low, compared with similar amount and an adequate year- what it was at the beginning of the ly maintenance. President King, of anti-yaws campaign. It may be rea- Liberia, believes this of so great im- sonably said that yaws is now under portance that he is asking the govern- control in Liberia, and the effect of ment to supply one half the costs of this will be felt especially by the maintenance. President Moton of adolescent generation. This is re- Tuskegee plans to cooperate by having markable, as the result was achieved a representative teacher from Tuske- by a stationary polyclinic. gee on the school staff and provide scholarships for promising graduates Dr. Maass also writes, "An investito come over to Tuskegee. for study. gation into the infant mortality which promises very interesting results, has Fruitful Year in the Congo not yet been concluded." The value of such an investigation can be imag- T HE year 1928 has been the best ined when one is reminded that no- in the history of the Christian and where in native Africa is the infant Missionary Alliance Mission in the mortality less than 400, that is, 400 Congo. Those added to the churches out of every thousand of all babies by baptism numbered 1,589, while 197 born die before they are twelve backsliders were restored to fellow- months old-and in some sections it ship. In addition to these, there were is as high as 700.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

"Persia Old and New." By W. Wilson Arab Moslem invasion and conquest dCoans.h. 11922m9.o. 72 pp. 1 shilling. Lon- continues with the modern religiou~ This excellent little book is one movements, from within-in particuamong the growing indications that lar Babism and its better known suc- Persia is coming to her own. With cessor Bahaiism. There is also a sigevery mark of a sympathetic and com- nificant discussion of the waning prehending observer it is a welcome place of Mohammedanism, the domiaddition to our missionary literature nant religion of the country. "Islam on this little known country. Persia is behind." The part played in has been off the beaten track of travel, modernization, and de-Islamization by and has remained isolated and un- the Shah Riza Khan is strikingly known; it has in the same way been brought out.

largely absent from our literature The main purpose of the book is and is one of the least known of the clearly stated in the "Foreword" as Asiatic countries. All this is gradu- "..• it may help those who are supally changing, as Mr. Cash so well porting the work' of the C. M. S., to shows. Little by little Persia is see how wonderfully God is blessing emerging into the modem world; and the work of the society in this, one little by little books of travel, per- of the hardest of fields abroad." This sonal or official experience, and re- explains the lack of a more inclusive Jigious discussion, are creating a pic- treatment and the larger space deture of this backward but appealing voted to the work of the C. M. S. But country. This particular book is al- this makes the volume all the more most alone in its particular field, and informing to American readers, who therefore meets a real need. may be somewhat familiar with the American Presbyterian work in west- The first chapter compactly sketches ern Persia. The work of the C. M. S. this "coming of the new day" in has been remarkable and inspiring, as Persia. One sees the contrasts of the so graphically brought out in these ancient past, with all its power and chapters, and is full of instructivesplendor, then the more recent cen- turies, with their decline, stagnation ness for other workers.

and sterility, and lastly the recent The closing chapter on the challengdecades, particularly the decade since ing question of the future for a uni- the war, with their unmistakable and fied Persian church, reports the adsustained, though not sensational, mirable cooperation between the C. M. transition toward modern levels of S. and the American Presbyterian life. A great deal of illuminating in- missions, and the courageous, forformation on Persia's recent progress ward-looking, prayerful spirit of the -physically, socially, educationally embryo Persian church. The serious and politically, is tellingly outlined. and slightly troubling interrogation lingers in the mind of the reader, as The book continues with a chapter apparently it does in the mind of the on "Religious Movements in Persia" writer as to whether the Church at which, beginning with the early home will rise above tradition and ordays of Christianity in Persia and the 813

ganization and be equal to the situa- in common with many others which had launched similar movements, emtion. Herein lies the immediate spe- barrassed by an enlarged work greater than could be sup:ported by its normal cial message of this book for those income.

who have anything to do with the The Memphis Conference, where the sixteen addresses in this volume were work in Persia. Shall this small, delivered, was the beginning of an effort, in which nearly all the other young, struggling but hopeful church churches are likewise engaged, to re- lieve their embarrassment by revitalreceive a full measure of cooperation izing their missionary spirit and con- sciousness, rather than by movements and inspiration fro m the older of curtailment and retreat. On ac- count of the multitude of new probchurches in working out unfetered its lems springing up in the conduct of missions in recent years, a book like own Persian development and des- this one is especially welcomed.

tiny. E. M. DODD. The first three addresses of this con- ference were by Dr. E. Stanley Jones Judson of Burma. By Alfred Mathieson. of India, probably the greatest mis- Illustrated. 8vo. 191 pp. 2 shillings. sionary advocate of modern times. His topics were, "Why We Go as Mis- London and Glasgow. sionaries," "Jesus Christ," and "The Sacrifice of Self." In the second ad- Mr. Mathieson's book is thrown into dress he discusses the question, "Does shabby contrast by Miss Morrow's Gandhi Need Christ?" and presents in colorful narrative, "Splendor of God." a very forceful way the danger beset- The British biography is a book of ting the missionary enterprise, in the facts-much too condensed facts, as modern effort to avoid an unsympathe author himself laments-laid out thetic attitude toward the adherents on the plan of the conventional birth- of the non-Christian religions, or failto-death biography with plenty of ing to emphasize the exclusive and rather trivial juvenilia, and written universal claim of Christianity. in a diction wholly unimaginative and occasionally ungrammatical. "Ann of Another thought provoking and Ava," by Miss Hubbard, and Dr. Ed- very eloquent discussion on the same ward Judson's comprehensive biog- general topic is that of Bishop Warraphy are vastly better. The main ren A. Candler in Chapter VIII, on lines of the stern and tragic pioneer "The Supreme Saviour and His Suappear the more stark and impressive preme Salvation." Read especially for the bareness of their surround- what he says on pages 155-158, on the ings, and Mr. Mathieson did well to false idea of Christianity as a "westdraw them judiciously and extensively ern religion." "It does not advance," (the whole prison episode, for ex- he says truly, "by any process of ample) by direct quotation from let- amalgamation with the prevalent ters and journals. The book is totally cults of any land. Both the Occident unimaginative and very brief; but and the Orient must take it as it is, contains the chief facts of Judson's without any modification of its essenlife made available for those to whom tial truths." the richer works are not accessible. Two other interesting addresses are R. P. CURRIER. those of President Y. C. Yang of Soochow University on "The Present The Missionary Imperative. Edited by Situation in China," and of Rev. Elmer T. Clark. 256 pp. $2.00. Wladislaw Dropiowski, Director of Nashville, Tenn. 1929. the Methodist work in Poland, giving Immediately after the World War the M. E. Church, South, sought to save its missionary situation by its great Centenary Movement, resulting in a church-wide missionary awakening, and incidentally, in the collection of approximately $35,000,000 for missionary purposes. In the inevitable temporary reaction following all such movements that church found itself,

BOOKS WORTH READING

a pathetic and illuminating account of ily, all mutually dependent on the others and all subordinate to the state. his experiences in finding his way out The chapter on Mussolini the reof the superstitions and corruptions former is most interesting, for he certainly has introduced many reof Polish Romanism to the experience forms. The first thing he did was to purge the payroll of all unnecessary of a simple faith in Christ, and of the employees and insisted on punctuality, economy and honesty in government. joy and satisfaction which such a He himself set the example by work- ing from 8 a. m. to 8 p. m., and fixing faith inspires. "I have the feeling," his own salary at 40,000 lire per year, a little more than $2,000, and doing he says, "of a migratory bird, which the work of seven men for the salary of one. Then the abolition of graft, after flying over the stormy oceans, the closing of 25,000 saloons in one year, in forbidding blasphemy and inrests upon the shore and bathes its decent literature, in putting a tax on the unmarried and with that money, wings in the sunshine." Those en- about 50,000,000 lire, to maintain maternity houses, orphanages and gaged in promotional work in any homes for poor children. There are no beggars in the streets of Italy any church will find much in it that is sug- more; strikes and lockouts are forbid- den by law, cleanliness and industry gestive, stimulating and helpful in can be seen everywhere, and laws are enforced without fear or favor. These these addresses. S. H. CHESTER. are only a few of the improvements Mussolini has wrought. It is a new Mussollni and the New Italy. Alexander Italy which exists today, totally dif- Robertson, of Venice. 156 pp. $2.00. ferent from the Italy of the past. New York. 1929. Everything is changed for the better, Americans regard Mussolini as the and the people are vastly improved, materially, morally and spiritually. most interesting and talked of person in the world; he is regarded by many The book also quotes some of Mus- Italians as the greatest man their solini's cryptic sayings which will go race has produced and a star of the down in history. When he was a solfirst magnitude. dier he said: The .present volume introduces the "If I advance, follow me! If I rereader to this world figure. The treat, kill me! If I am killed avenge author, a foreigner and a Protestant, me!" a Wesleyan minister fOl: many years in Italy, cannot be said to be biased When a Prime Minister, he said: in favor of Mussolini. He depicts the "All within the State; nothing out- Duce and his new Italy and leaves the side the State; nothing agaInst the reader to draw conclusions. This is State." not a philosophical treatise on fascism, "Perish my own party, if it be necesbut the author is like a guide who sary for the common good." takes you to the places connected with Mussolini's eventful life, from the Here are some sayings which show cradle to Palazzo Ghigi, and you feel him a reformer: that you are having an audience with When he was expelled from the Sothe Duce. cialist party, he said: You see Mussolini the boy, the la- "Notwithstanding all this, I feel that borer, the journalist, the soldier, and God has destined me for great things." the Fascist-all the varied phases of his adventurous life. After the war, he said: "We call Almighty God, and the The chapter on "Mussolini the Demo- spirits of our five hundred thousand crat" is enlightening, for we regarded him as an autocrat, but in the light of what has been accomplished in Italy, he is regarded now as the best democrat, for, although invested with dictatorial powers, the aim has been to unite all the people in one Italian brotherhood, where employer and employed, rich and poor, master and servant are unified in one great fam-

dead, to witness that one sole impulse the problems of the government of- constrains us, one sole wish unites 1!-s, ficials trying to develop an educational one sole passion inflames us, to contrlbute to the safety and greatness of our system and those of the poor Indian country." trying to make a little patch of farm And the book closes with this: land feed and clothe his family. "Mussolini has never shown himself a The author is not engaging in truer or a greater reformer than when he uttered in public these memorable propaganda, nor is he striving to make words: out a case either for or against Mexico. "'The New Testament is the greatest book that I know of in the world.''' He is chiefly concerned that Americans shall know and understand the Mexi- cans, because he knows and loves them There are some who hope that Mus- both. ANDREW J. KANE.

solini, after he shall have made Italy Rivershade. A Historical Sketch of Kiangyin Station, China. By Lacy L. stronger, will become a true religious Little. Booklet. 75c. Nashville, Tenn. 1928. reformer. STEPHEN L. TESTA. Dr. Little has given us a stimulating The Why and How of the Women's Mis- sionary Union. Wilma Geneva Bucy. picture of what one mission station 69 pp. Washington. 1928. in China is like. Multiply this by a thousand and we gain some idea of the This excellent handbook, thorough kind of work our missionaries are doand well written, gives all the informa- ing. Kiangyin is a Southern Presbytion that workers need to have re- terian station and represents true garding the W. M. U. It is being used spiritual ideals and methods, with the as a study book this year. power of the Holy Spirit working through the missionaries. The early Jll:exlco, Past and Present. George B. Win- missionaries were pioneers and lived ton. 296 pages. Cokesbury Press. through hardships and riots but reaped Nashville. 1928. a harvest through medical, evangelistic A number of years ago Dr. Winton and educational work. gave us a little book on Mexico which for a long period remained one of the River Plate RepUbliCS. By Webster E. few works on that much-discussed Browning. 8 vo. 139 pp. 58. London. country adapted to people whose time 1928. is limited and yet who desire an ac- curate and well balanced picture of the This survey of the religious, eco- Mexican people. nomic and social conditions in Argen- tine, Paraguay and Uruguay, reveals So much has happened in Mexico the need of Christian missionary work since then that the attractive brevity in this part of South America. It is of the older volume is no longer pos- one of the valuable World Dominion sible. In the new work Dr. Winton Survey Series and after describing has succeeded in presenting the whole the region gives much useful informa- historical and cultural background, tion as to the social and religious life with sufficient of each to enable us to and tells the story of Protestant mis- understand the pressing problems which are the main concern of the na- sions and the problems that face the tion today. Such condensation is no Evangelical Church. Two excellent small literary feat, especially when maps show South America and the given in such smoothly flowing Eng- mission stations in the LaPlate Re- lish. publics.

The author has knoWIl.~-and Children of the Chief. By May Entwistle. Booklet. 4'Oc. New York. 1928. ~.-the"'(.i • • _ _~.eaw eM iiUlll- A good children's story of African ". ~ "-among his friends Mexicans of children who go to a mission school high and low degree. Dr. Winton and the result. speaks the language of the country fluently and is capable of appreciating Linens for Tkanksgiving TRADITION writes the menu for Thanksgiving Dinner … and it also counsels a cloth of pure white damask in the very handsomest design the hostess can findl McCutcheon's has cloths to fit every size and shape of table, the patterns are lovely and the quality is pure Linen, of course. When you come in to select Table Damasks, look over the Decorative Linens and Household Linens. There are many new and exclusive creations awaiting you at prices that are decidedly moderate.

McCutcheon"s n~. FIFTH AVENUE AT FORTy.NINTH ST.

DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK Reg. us. Rzt. Oft II You Want a Thing Well Done Do It Yoursell!

Would you let strangers run your business? Would you let strangers invest your money? Would you let strangers control your home?

NO Why let strangers administer your estate? Why let strangers provide for your family? Why let strangers pay your benevolences?

Buy Lile Annuity ·Agreements They make you your own executor They guarantee a regular income to your family They insure your money being devoted to missions Full particulars will be sent you immediately if you address: W. J. Elliort, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa., or Morris W. Ehnes, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7S>~~ . – Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. PERSONALS Boston, where, in the seven years of his pastorate he has received into the church SADHU SUNDAR SINGH left Sabathu, 2,489 members, and more than $1,000,000 Simla Hills, India, to visit Tibet at the has been given in free will offerings. Dr. end of June. Nothing had been heard of Massee will enter evangelistic work and him up to September 3d and it is feared that he has been taken ill or has met will hold Bible conferences. with some accident. Mr. Riddle of the New Zealand Presbyterian mission and ** Dr. Taylor of Roorkee, went in search of him, traveling within four miles of Tibet DR. HENRY T. HODGKIN, formerly one but could find no trace of him. Mr. G. H. Watson writes that government of- of the secretaries of the China Christian ficials are also hunting through pilgrim registers to see if they can find any in- Council, has recently come to America to dication of his travels or of his death. take up work in Philadelphia as Director •** of Studies in a new Society of Friends DR. JOHN R. MOTT has recently returned to America after a trip around college preparing men and women for the the world. When in Calcutta he unveiled a tablet in the building which a century service of the church, both at home and ago was the episcopal palace of Bishop abroad. Reginald Heber, author of "From Green- '" " " land's Icy Mountains." It is now the MR. MOSETI, a Bantu, from King Khaheadquarters of the National Council of the Y. M. C. A. As Chairman of the In- rna's country was recently made a Bacheternational Missionary Council, Dr. Mott held a number of conferences in India lor of Divinity in London. This is the and China and the Philippines. He met with the North China Conference in first time London University has granted Peiping in May. * • • the degree to an African. His particular tribe is the Bamangwato, which King Khama the Good ruled for so many years.

Mr. Moseti was for years an intimate of King Khama, and will return immediate- ly to Africa under the auspices of the London Missionary Society to take up missionary work in the "Khama coun- '" " * try."

FOUR MISSIONARY COUPLES, who have MISS ALICE PETTEE ADAMS of Oka- given a total of 318 years to the work of yama, Japan, American Board mission- the Board of Foreign Missions of the ary since 1891, has received a silver medal in recognition for social service, Methodist Episcopal Church in India, the sixth honor bestowed upon her by the have recently retired from active service.

Japanese Imperial Government. Dr. William H. Stephens and his wife, •** who will remain in India, began work in REV. J. H. OLDHAM, formerly Editor of 1880. Dr. and Mrs. Lewis A. Core, Dr.

the International Review of Missions, re- and Mrs. John O. Denning, and Dr. and ceived an honorary degree of D.D. in Mrs. John N. West, have returned to June from Edinbqrgh University. His America.

book, "Christianity and the Race Prob- *** lem" is recognized as a standard volume REV. FLOYD O. BURNETT has been apon race relationships. pointed by the Home Missions Council *** and Council of Women for Home Mis- PROFESSOR REINHOLD NIEBUHR, author sions as religious work director at Sherof "Does Civilization Need Religion," is man Institute, the government Indian now Chairman of the Federal Council's school at Riverside, California. Mr.

Commission on the Church and Social Burnett is a graduate of Central Mis- ** souri State College and of the Hartford Service. School of Religious Education. He has REV. E. K. HIGDON, missionary repre- had several years of successful pastoral work and. as leader of young people.

senting the Disciples of Christ, has been MIS&. FLORENC'"E G* . *TYLER, has been elected Executive Secretary of the Na- appointed. Executive Secretary of the tional Christian Council of the Philippine Federation of Woman's Boards of For- eign Missions, in place of Miss Ella G. Islands. *•* MacLauren recently deceased. SIR FREDERICK WHYTE, 'of Edinburgh,'

the son of the late Rev. Alexander Whyte, D.D., has recently been appointed OBITUARY Adviser to the Chinese Government. His office is to give counsel t{) the Government . REV. JAMES SIBREE, D.D., of Madagas- as a whole. His refusal to accept a sal- car, was struck by a motor cycle in Lon- ary must help in producing the convic- don on September 6th, and died shortly tion of his disinterestedness. No one who afterward. Dr. Sibree was ninety-three has heard him speak can doubt either the years old. His name has been identified maturity of his .judgment or the genuine- with It1issions in Madagascar since 1863.

ness of his sympathy with the aspirations * >to • of a sane· Nationalism. REV. JOHN REID, General Secretary of *** dtu~~edBl!,~-ptCisat lMc uitstsai oJnualryy Society for Ind!a. pOIsomng. 27th, from blood DR. J. C. MASSEE has resigned the pastorate of the Tremont Temple church,

the name of the Lord in prayer" Highways and Byways in Japan

(1 Cor. 1: 2) and Peter said at Pente- Johnson Erickson. 136 pp. $1.50. cost that God had "made Jesus both Revell. New York. 1929. Lord and Christ." In the letter to the Philippians the Apostle Paul says that The Heart of Words. George Roberts. "every tongue shall confess of that 153 pp. $1.50. Macmillan. New Jesus Christ is Lord." York.

From this fruitful study Mr. Hall The Hope of Israel-What Is It? Philip concludes that the name "I am," which Mauro. 261 pp. $2. Hamilton. appears in the New Testament as Boston. 1929. "Lord," applies to Father, Son and Holy Spirit and that Christian bap- The Keswick Convention-l9l9. 219 pp. tism was, in the apostolic times, al- 48. cloth, 28. 6d. paper. Pickering & ways "in the Name of the Lord Jesus Inglis. London. 1929. Christ." He quotes many scholars to throw light on this important subject Like a Tree Planted. Helen Barrett which is worthy of close study. It Montgomery. 25c. M. H. Leavis, wiII clarify and strengthen faith in Agent. Cambridge. 1929; the deity of Christ and in the inspiration of the Scriptures. The Lord of Life-A Fresh Approach to the Incarnation. Various Authors. NEW BOOKS 338 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. 1929. New Chain Reference Bible. Edited by C. Frank Thompson. Kirkbride Bible Pass on the Torch. Allen Eastman Cross. Co. Indianapolis. 1929. 104 pp. $1. Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1929. The Book of Job-A Biblical Masterpiece. Newton Ray. 218 pp. $2. Hamilton The Primitive Church. Canon B. H. Bros. Boston. 1929. Streeter. 321 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. 1929. Brooks – Bright Prize Essays – 1929. 143 pp. Brooks-Bright Foundation. New Prayer. Mario Puglisi. 296 pp. $2.50. York. 1929. Macmillan. New York. 1929.

Coming Events._A study of the Escha- Process and Reality. Alfred N. White- tology of Jesus. G. B. M. Clouser. head. 545 pp. $4.50. Macmillan. 163 pp. 75c. Christian League. New York. 1929. Phila. 1929. Revolution and Religion in Modern China. Mabel CrattY-Leader in the Art of Frank Rawlinson. 97 pp. $1. Chi- Leadership. Margaret E. Burton. nese Recorder. Shanghai. 1929. 248 pp. $2.50. Woman's Press. New York. 1929. The Sinless Saviour. J. B. Watson. 110 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- Evangelicals at Havana-Account of the don. 1929. Hispanic-American Evangelical Con- gress, Havana, June, 1929. S. Guy Short Pageants for the Sunday-Schoo!. Inman. 174 pp. 25c. Committee on Laura S. Copenhaver. 152 pp. $1.50. Cooperation in Latin America. New Doubleday, Doran. New York. 1929. York. 1929. Reuben Archer Torrey. Robert Harkness. Friendship Trails Friendship Book, Map of 127 pp. $1. Bible Institute Colpor- Canada. NeTannis Semmens and tage Assn. Chicago. 1929. Mary I. Ritchie. $1.00. Woman's Missionary Society of the United Hudson Taylor, the Man Who Believed Church of Canada. Toronto. 1929. God. Marshall Broomhall. 244 pp. 2s. 6d. C. I. M. London. 1929. The Foundations of Jewish Ethics. Armin H. Koller. 265 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. "Where Is the Lord God of Elijah?" New York. 1929. Enos Kincheloe Cox. 127 pp. 25c paper, 75c cloth. B. I. C. Assn. Chi- Great Truths Simply Told. George Good- cago. 1929. man. 132 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1929. Why South India Churches Are Consider- ing Vnion. Joseph Muir, W. J. Noble, Annual Report-American Baptist Home E. J. Palmer, G. E. Phillips. 24 pp. Mission SOCiety. 182 pp. New York. 6d. Hodder and Stoughton. London. 1929. 1929.

Taking the Offensive-China Inland Mis- Annual Report-Baptist Missionary Society sion Report. 54 pp. London. 1929. 1929. 198 pp. London. 1929.

Annual Report-American Baptist Foreign Mission Society. 297 pp. New York. 1929.

Handfulls on Purpose-Outlines, Read- ings, Studies, Thoughts, Illustrations, Hints. James Smith. 292 pp. 48. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1929.

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